A dictionary of American authors (part 2 of 6)

A DICTIONARY OF AMERICAN AUTHORS

=Abbe, Cleveland.= N. Y., 1838- ----. A meteorologist of distinction who in 1871 became professor of meteorology in the national weather bureau and has since continued in that position. The more important of his many publications include Solar Spots and Terrestrial Temperature; A Plea for Terrestrial Physics; Atmospheric Radiation; Treatise on Meteorological Apparatus; Preparatory Studies for Deductive Methods in Meteorology.

=Abbe, Frederick Randolph.= Ct., 1827-1889. A Congregational clergyman in Massachusetts. The Temple Rebuilt, a Poem of Christian Faith.

=Abbey, Henry.= N. Y., 1842- ----. A resident of Kingston, New York, who has published several collections of pleasant unpretentious verse. Ballads of Good Deeds; The City of Success; May Dreams; Ralph and Other Poems; Stories in Verse.

=Abbey, Richard.= N. Y., 1805-1891. A prominent clergyman of the Southern Methodist Church, among whose many theological and controversial writings are, End of the Apostolical Succession; Creed of All Men; Diuturnity; Ecce Ecclesia, a reply to Ecce Homo; The City of God and the Church Makers.

=Abbot, Abiel.= N. H., 1765-1859. A Congregational clergyman of Connecticut and Massachusetts. History of Andover; Genealogy of the Abbot Family.

=Abbot, Abiel.= Ms., 1770-1828. A Congregational clergyman of Beverly, Massachusetts. Letters from Cuba. His Sermons with Memoir were published in 1831.

=Abbot, Ezra.= Me., 1819-1884. A Unitarian biblical scholar of much prominence, who was for many years a professor in the Divinity School of Harvard University, and widely known for the extent of his bibliographical acquirements. Literature of the Doctrine of a Future Life; Authenticity of the Fourth Gospel; The Fourth Gospel and Other Critical Essays. With H. B. Hackett, infra, he prepared the American edition of Smith’s Bible Dictionary. See Memorial of, 1884. El.

=Abbot, Francis Ellingwood.= Ms., 1836-1903. A religious and philosophical thinker of advanced views, for some years editor of The Index, whose home was at Cambridge. Scientific Theism; The Way out of Agnosticism. Lit.

=Abbot, Gorham Dummer.= Me., 1807-1874. A Congregational clergyman, long an educator of New York city. He was a brother of Jacob Abbott, infra, but returned to an older spelling of his surname. Prayer-Book for the Young; Pleasure and Profit; The Family at Home.

=Abbot, Henry Larcom.= Ms., 1831- ----. A general in the United States army, of prominence as an engineer. Besides several series of Professional Papers, his writings include Lectures on the Defence of the Sea Coast of the United States; Physics and Hydraulics of the Mississippi River. Vn.

=Abbot, Willis John.= Ct., 1863- ----. Grandson of J. S. C. Abbott, infra, but using an older spelling of the surname. A journalist of New York city. Blue Jackets of 1776; Blue Jackets of 1812; Blue Jackets of ’61, three volumes of history for young people; Battle Fields of ’61; Battle Fields and Camp Fires; Battle Fields and Victory; Life of Carter Harrison. Do.

=Abbott, Arthur Vaughan.= N. Y., 1854- ----. Son of B. V. Abbott, infra. A civil, electrical, and mechanical engineer of Chicago. Electrical Transmission of Energy; The Evolution of a Switchboard; History and Use of Testing Machines; Treatise on Fuel. Vn.

=Abbott, Austin.= Ms., 1831-1896. Son of Jacob Abbott, infra. A lawyer of New York city who was dean of the Law School of New York University at the time of his death. Besides preparing several works with his brother Benjamin, infra, he published Legal Remembrancer, Principles and Forms of Practice in Civil Actions in Courts of Record; The Law of Evidence; Select Cases on Code Pleading; Digest of New York Statutes.

=Abbott, Benjamin Vaughan.= Ms., 1830-1890. Son of Jacob Abbott, infra. A lawyer of New York city. Law Dictionary; Travelling Law School and Famous Trials; First Lessons in Government and Law; Patent Laws of All Nations; Year-Book of Jurisprudence for 1880; Judge and Jury. Har. Lit. Lo.

=Abbott, Charles Conrad.= N. J., 1843- ----. A naturalist and physician of Trenton, New Jersey, whose writings show a very close and sympathetic observation of nature. The Stone Age in New Jersey; Primitive Industry; A Naturalist’s Rambles about Home; Cyclopædia of Natural History; Upland and Meadow; Wasteland Wanderings; The Birds About Us; Days Out of Doors; Outings at Odd Times; Recent Rambles; Travels in a Treetop; Notes of the Night; A Colonial Wooing, a novel; Bird-Land Echoes. Ap. Cent. Har. Lip.

=Abbott, Charles Edward.= Me., 1811-1880. Brother of Jacob Abbott, infra. An educator in Connecticut. Down the Hill; Village Boys.

=Abbott, Edward.= Me., 1841- ----. Son of Jacob Abbott, infra. An Episcopal clergyman of Cambridge, but prior to 1878 a Congregational minister and editor of The Congregationalist. He is now [1897] the editor of The Literary World. Dialogues of Christ; The Long Look series of juvenile tales; A Trip Eastward; Revolutionary Times; Paragraph History of the United States; Paragraph History of the American Revolution. Rob.

=Abbott, Jacob.= Me., 1803-1879. An educator of New England, who was a voluminous and popular writer for young people. Among his numerous writings the best known are The Franconia Stories; Marco Paul’s Adventures; The Rollo Books; Histories of Celebrated Sovereigns; Harper’s Story Books. See Bibliography of Maine. Cr. Har.

=Abbott, John Stevens Cabot.= Me., 1805-1877. Brother of Jacob Abbott, supra. An historical writer, whose partisan spirit seriously impairs the value of his very readable works. He was for some years a Congregational minister, but after 1844 devoted himself to literature and educational work. Among his works are comprised The Mother at Home; Practical Christianity; Romance of Spanish History; American Pioneers and Patriots; History of Napoleon; Napoleon at St. Helena; History of the French Revolution; History of the Civil War in America; Lives of the Presidents; History of Maine from its Discovery by Northmen; Christopher Carson; History of Napoleon III.; History of Frederick the Great; History of Christianity. See Bibliography of Maine. Do. Har.

=Abbott, Lyman.= Ms., 1835- ----. Son of Jacob Abbott, supra. A Congregational minister of broad views, who as editor of The Outlook and successor to H. W. Beecher as pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, has exercised a wide influence. Christianity and Social Problems; Jesus of Nazareth; Old Testament Shadows of New Testament Truths; Illustrated Commentary on the New Testament; A Layman’s Story; How to Study the Bible; Life of Christ; In Aid of Faith; The Evolution of Christianity; A Study in Human Nature; Dictionary of Religious Knowledge (with T. J. Conant, infra). Bar. Do. Dut. Fo. Har. Hou. Meth. Put.

=Abeel, David.= N. J., 1804-1846. A Reformed Dutch missionary in China. Journal of a Residence in China; A Missionary Convention at Jerusalem; The Claims of the World to the Gospel. See Memoirs by G. B. Williamson, 1849.

=Abert= [ā´bert], =Silvanus Thayer.= Pa., 1828- ----. A civil engineer in the United States service. Notes Historical and Statistical upon the Projected Route for an Interoceanic Canal between the Atlantic and Pacific.

=Adams, Mrs. Abigail [Smith].= Ms., 1744-1818. Wife of President John Adams, infra. Known to literature by her entertaining Letters edited by her grandson.

=Adams, Brooks.= Ms., 1848- ----. Son of Charles Francis Adams, infra. A lawyer of Boston. The Gold Standard; The Emancipation of Massachusetts, a careful study of the evolution of religious freedom; The Law of Civilization and Decay, an Essay in History. _See The Forum, January, 1897. Hou. Mac._

=Adams, Charles.= N. H., 1808-1890. A Methodist clergyman who wrote extensively, and among whose works are Evangelism in the Middle of the 19th Century; Women of the Bible; The Poet Preacher, a Memorial of Charles Wesley; The Earth and its Wonders; Life of Cromwell; Life Sketches of Macaulay. Meth.

=Adams, Charles Baker.= Ms., 1814-1853. A naturalist, who published Contributions to Conchology; Monographs of Several Species of Shells.

=Adams, Charles Coffin.= 182- -1888. An Episcopal clergyman. Creation, a Recent Work of God; Life of Christ; Anthrosophy; The Bible, a Scientific Revelation.

=Adams, Charles Follen.= Ms., 1842- ----. A humourous verse-writer of Boston, principally known as the author of Leedle Yawcob Strauss. Leedle Yawcob Strauss, and Other Poems; Dialect Ballads. Har. Le.

=Adams, Charles Francis.= Ms., 1807-1886. Son of President John Quincy Adams, infra. An eminent diplomatist, who was Minister to England during the period of the Civil War. He edited The Life and Works of John Adams; Letters of Mrs. Abigail Adams; Life and Works of John Q. Adams; Familiar Letters of John and Abigail Adams, with Memoir of Mrs. Adams. See Life by his son, C. F. Adams, infra. Hou.

=Adams, Charles Francis, Jr.= Ms., 1835- ----. Son of C. F. Adams, supra. An officer in the Union army during the Civil War, and subsequently an expert in railway science and president of the Union Pacific Railway. Since resigning that office he has devoted his attention to historical writing, his estimates of men and motives often differing materially from those of other writers in the same field. Notes on Railway Accidents; Chapters of Erie; Railroads; A College Fetich; Massachusetts, its Historians and its History; Three Episodes of Massachusetts History; Richard Henry Dana [infra], a Biography; Life of Charles Francis Adams. Hou. Le. Put.

=Adams, Charles Kendall.= Vt., 1835-1902. The president of Wisconsin University and formerly of Cornell University. Manual of Historical Literature; Democracy and Monarchy in France; Christopher Columbus. Har.

=Adams, Francis Colburn.= Circa 1850. A writer of Charleston, South Carolina, who wrote under various pseudonyms. Manuel Pereira, or the Sovereign Rule of South Carolina; Uncle Tom at Home; Our World, or the Democrats’ Rule; Justice in the Byways; Life and Adventures of Major Potter; An Outcast, a novel; The Story of a Trooper; Siege of Washington, for Little People; The Von Toodleburgs, or the Memoirs of a Very Distinguished Family.

=Adams, George Burton.= Vt., 1851- ----. An historical writer, professor of history at Yale University. Civilization during the Middle Ages; The Growth of the French Nation. Fl. Scr.

=Adams, Hannah.= Ms., 1755-1832. An industrious and painstaking writer on religious and historical subjects, whose chief claim to distinction at present is that she was the first woman in America who made literature a profession. A View of Religious Opinions; History of New England; History of the Jews; Evidences of Christianity. See Memoir by herself, with additions by another hand, 1832.

=Adams, Henry.= Ms., 1838- ----. Son of Charles Francis Adams, supra. An historian and political biographer, living in Washington. Life of John Randolph; Life of Albert Gallatin; History of the United States, 1801-17; Historical Essays; Essays in Anglo-Saxon Law. _Hou. Lip. Scr._

=Adams, Henry Carter.= Ia., 1852- ----. A political economist of note. Public Debts: an Essay in the Science of Finance; Taxation in the United States, 1789-1816. Ap.

=Adams, Herbert Baxter.= Ms., 1850-1901. A professor of history at Johns Hopkins University, and the secretary of the American Historical Association from its beginning. The Germanic Origin of New England Towns; Saxon Tithingmen in America; Norman Constables in America; Village Communities of Cape Ann and Salem; Thomas Jefferson and the University of Virginia; Methods of Historical Study; History of the United States Constitution. He edited the Life and Writings of Jared Sparks, infra. Hou.

=Adams, Jasper.= Ms., 1793-1841. An Episcopal clergyman, once noted as an educator at West Point, Charleston, and elsewhere, who published The Elements of Moral Philosophy.

=Adams, John.= N. S., 1704-1740. A clergyman of Newport and Philadelphia, much esteemed in his day as a poet. Poems on Several Occasions, a volume of his verses posthumously collected and printed, shows, however, no very especial marks of poetic talent.

=Adams, John.= Ms., 1735-1826. The second President of the United States, and a political writer of great ability and force. A Dissertation on Canon and Feudal Law, a work relating to the constitutional rights of New England; Thoughts on Government; Novanglus: a History of the Dispute with America from 1754 to 1774; Defence of the American Constitution; Discourses on Davila: a Series of Papers on Political History. See complete Works in 10 volumes, 1850-56. See, also, Lives by J. Q. and C. F. Adams, 1871; John Adams, by Morse, 1885; Histories of the United States, by Bancroft, McMaster, Henry Adams, and Schouler; Parker’s Historic Americans; Appleton’s American Biography.

=Adams, John Coleman.= Ms., 1849- ----. Son of J. G. Adams, infra. A Universalist clergyman and editor of New York city. Christian Types of Heroism; The Fatherhood of God; The Leisure of God and Other Studies in Spiritual Evolution.

=Adams, John Greenleaf.= N. H., 1810-1887. A Universalist clergyman, among whose writings the chief are The Universalist Church, its Faith and its Works; Universalism of the Lord’s Prayer; Talks About the Bible to Young Folks; Fifty Notable Years, or Views of the Ministry of Universalism.

=Adams, John Quincy.= Ms., 1767-1848. Son of President John Adams, supra. The sixth President of the United States, and a statesman whose writings, though mainly political in their character, include several purely literary works. Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory; The Bible and its Teachings; Poems of Religion and Society; Letters on Freemasonry; Lives of Celebrated Statesmen, and many State Papers. See Complete Works, edited by C. F. Adams, with Life; also Diary of; Lives by Seward, Quincy, Morse; Histories of the United States by Bancroft, McMaster, Schouler. Lip.

=Adams, John Turvill.= B. G., 1805-1882. A lawyer of Norwich, Connecticut. The Knight of the Golden Melice, an historical tale; The Lost Hunter.

=Adams, Julius Walker.= Ms., 1812-1899. An engineer of distinction, who was employed in many important engineering works. Sewers and Drains for Populous Districts.

=Adams, Myron.= N. Y., 1841-1895. A Congregational clergyman of Rochester, New York, from 1876 until his death. The Creation of the Bible; The Continuous Creation, an Application of the Evolutionary Philosophy to the Christian Religion. Hou.

=Adams, Nehemiah.= Ms., 1806-1878. A once noted Congregational clergyman of Boston, whose most famous work, A South Side View of Slavery, provoked much hostile criticism. Among other works by him are Walks to Emmaus; Scriptural Argument for Endless Punishment; Remarks on Unitarian Belief; Life of John Eliot; Agnes and the Little Key; Evenings with the Doctrines.

=Adams, Robert Chamblet.= Ms., 1839- ----. Son of Nehemiah Adams, supra. History of England in Rhyme; History of the United States in Rhyme; On Board the Rocket; Aids to Endeavour, Evolution, a Summary of Evidence; Travels in Faith from Tradition to Reason; Pioneer Pith. Lo.

=Adams, Samuel.= Ms., 1722-1803. Cousin of President John Adams, supra. A statesman and orator who fills a large place in the annals of the American Revolution. See Lives by Wells, Hosmer, 1885; Harper’s Magazine, vol. 53.

=Adams, William.= Ct., 1807-1880. A Presbyterian clergyman of prominence in New York city, 1835-80. The Three Gardens: Eden, Gethsemane, Paradise; Conversations of Jesus Christ with Representative Men; In the World, not of the World; Thanksgiving, Memories of the Day and Helps to the Habit.

=Adams, William.= I., 1813-1897. An Episcopal clergyman who was one of the founders of Nashotah Theological Seminary, Wisconsin, and professor of systematic divinity there from 1841. Mercy to Babes; Elements of Christian Science; New Treatise of Baptismal Regeneration.

=Adams, William Taylor=, “Oliver Optic.” Ms., 1822-1897. A prolific and popular writer of books for boys, who was for many years a teacher in the Boston public schools. Among his writings are Army and Navy Series; Young America Abroad Series; Lake Shore Series; Starry Flag Series. Le.

=Ade, George.= Il., 1866- ----. A Chicago journalist. Artie: a Story of the Streets and Town. S.

=Adeler, Max.= See Clark, C. H.

=Adler, Felix.= G., 1851- ----. An ethical reformer of New York city. Creed and Deed; The Moral Instruction of Children. Ap. Put.

=Adler, Georg.= G., 1821-1868. A philologist of New York city who was the author of a valuable German and English Dictionary and other educational works. Ap.

=Agassiz= [ag´a-see or ä-gäs-se´], =Alexander.= Sd., 1835- ----. Son of L. Agassiz, infra. Marine zoölogist. Born in Neuchatel, he came to America with his father, and has distinguished himself in lines of special scientific research. Exploration of Lake Titicaca; List of the Echinoderms; Three Cruises of the Blake: a Contribution to American Thalassography. Hou.

=Agassiz, Mrs. Elizabeth [Cary].= Ms., 1822- ----. Wife of L. Agassiz, infra. Life of Louis Agassiz; Seaside Studies in Natural History (with A. Agassiz, supra).

=Agassiz, Jean Louis Rodolphe.= Sd., 1807-1873. A naturalist of eminence. Founder of the Museum of Natural History at Cambridge. Recherches sur les Poissons Fossiles; Lake Superior, Natural History of Fresh-Water Fishes of Central Europe; Etudes sur les Glaciers; Système Glacière; Methods of Study in Natural History; Geological Sketches; Structure of Animal Life; Journey in Brazil. See Whipple’s Character and Characteristic Men; Louis Agassiz and Evolution, Popular Science Monthly, vol. 32; Lives by Mrs. E. Agassiz, Holder, 1892, Jules Marcou, 1896; Lowell’s ode, Agassiz.

=Agnew, David Hayes.= Pa., 1810-1892. A physician who was for a long time professor of surgery in the University of Pennsylvania. His writings were the outcome of wide experience. Handbook of Practical Anatomy; Principles and Practice of Surgery: a treatise on Surgical Diseases and Injuries. See Life of, by J. H. Adams, 1892. Lip.

=Aikman, William.= N. Y., 1824- ----. A Presbyterian clergyman. The Moral Power of the Sea; Life at Home, or the Family and its Members; The Altar in the Home; A Bachelor’s Talks about Married Life.

=Aimwell, Walter.= See Simonds.

=Ainslie, Hew.= S., 1792-1878. A Scottish poet who emigrated to America in 1822 and lived mainly in Kentucky. Pilgrimage to the Land of Burns, a prose work with lyrics interspersed; Scottish Songs, Ballads, and Poems.

=Akers, Elizabeth.= See Allen, Mrs.

=Albee, John.= Ms., 1833- ----. Formerly a clergyman; now living at Chocorua, New Hampshire. Literary Art; St. Aspenquid: an Indian Idyl; Prose Idyls. Hou. Put.

=Alcott= [awl´kot], =Amos Bronson.= Ct., 1799-1888. A philosopher of a singularly unpractical type, whose personality was of greater interest than his writings. Conversations with Children on the Gospels; Table Talk, Emerson; Essays; Tablets, Concord Days, Sonnets, and Canzonets; New Connecticut: a poem. See Miss E. P. Peabody’s Records of a School; Life, by F. B. Sanborn and W. T. Harris, 1893. Rob.

=Alcott, Louisa May.= Pa., 1832-1888. Daughter of A. B. Alcott, supra. A writer whose books for young people have been widely popular. They cannot, however, claim consideration as examples of literary art. Among them are Little Women; Little Men; An Old-Fashioned Girl; Eight Cousins; Under the Lilacs. Moods; Hospital Sketches; A Modern Mephistopheles, are works for older readers. The thoughtful poem, Thoreau’s Flute, is her finest effort. See Life, Letters, and Journals, edited by Mrs. Cheney; Recollections of, by Mrs. M. S. Porter, 1893. Rob.

=Alcott, William Andrus.= Ct., 1798-1859. Cousin of A. B. Alcott, supra. An energetic, earnest writer upon diet reform. The House I Live in; Vegetable Diet; Library of Health.

=Alden= [awl´den], =Henry Mills.= Vt., 1836- ----. A thoughtful and suggestive writer on religious themes who has been editor of Harper’s Magazine from 1869. God in his World; A Study of Death. Har.

=Alden, Mrs. Isabella [Macdonald].= “Pansy.” N. Y., 1841- ----. A very prolific writer of religious tales for young people, the literary worth of which is inconsiderable. Four Girls at Chautauqua; Chautauqua Girls at Home, are among the earlier ones. Lo.

=Alden, Joseph.= N. Y., 1807-1885. An industrious contributor to educational and Sunday-school literature. He was for many years president of the Normal School at Albany. Example of Washington; Citizen’s Manual; Christian Ethics; The Science of Government; Studies in Bryant; Elements of Intellectual Philosophy. Ap. Le. Meth.

=Alden, William Livingston.= Ms., 1837- ----. Son of J. Alden, supra. A humourous writer who has for some time resided in London. A New Robinson Crusoe; Domestic Explosions; Shooting Stars; Moral Pirates; Cruise of the Canoe Club; Life of Christopher Columbus. _Har. Ho. Put._

=Aldrich= [awl´dritch], =Annie Reeve.= N. Y., 1866-1892. A New York city writer of notably erotic verse and fiction. The Rose of Flame and Other Poems of Love; Songs about Life, Love, and Death; The Feet of Love: a novel. Put.

=Aldrich, James.= N. Y., 1810-1866. A littérateur of New York, who established The Literary Gazette in 1840, in which a number of his verses appeared. His Poems were privately printed by his daughter in 1884.

=Aldrich, Thomas Bailey.= N. H., 1837- ----. A poet and novelist whose work in both verse and prose is distinguished for grace of expression and delicacy of execution. Verse: The Bells; Ballad of Baby Bell; Pampinea; Flower and Thorn; Cloth of Gold; Friar Jerome’s Beautiful Book; XXXVI Lyrics and XII Sonnets; The Sisters’ Tragedy; Wyndham Towers; Unguarded Gates; Mercedes and Later Lyrics; Judith and Holofernes. Prose: Prudence Palfrey; The Queen of Sheba; The Stillwater Tragedy; Marjorie Daw and Other Stories; Two Bites at a Cherry, with Other Tales; The Story of a Bad Boy; An Old Town by the Sea: a description of Portsmouth, the author’s birthplace; From Ponkapog to Pesth: Travel Sketches; Ponkapog Papers. See Stedman’s Poets of America; Vedder’s American Writers. Hou.

=Alexander, Archibald.= Va., 1772-1851. A Presbyterian clergyman who was professor at Princeton Theological Seminary 1812-51. Evidences of Christianity; The Canon of Scripture; Moral Science; Bible Dictionary, are some of his many works. See Life, by J. W. Alexander; Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit. Scr.

=Alexander, Caleb.= N. Y., 1775-1828. A clergyman, much of whose life was spent in teaching at Onondaga, New York. He published Latin and English grammars; Essay on the Deity of Christ; The Columbian Dictionary; Grammar Elements: a literal prose version of Virgil.

=Alexander, James Waddel.= Va., 1804-1859. Son of A. Alexander, supra. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York city. Plain Words to a Young Communicant; Sacramental Discourses; Thoughts on Preaching; Life of Archibald Alexander; Consolation; The American Mechanic and Workingman, are among his writings. Ran. Scr.

=Alexander, John Henry.= Md., 1812-1867. A once noted Maryland scientist. History of the Metallurgy of Iron; Universal Dictionary of Weights and Measures, Ancient and Modern; International Tonnage; Treatise of Mathematical Instruments; Introits; Catena Dominica: a collection of religious poems.

=Alexander, Joseph Addison.= Pa., 1809-1860. Son of A. Alexander, supra. A Presbyterian clergyman, professor at Princeton College, and Theological Seminary, 1820-60. He was the author of Commentaries on the Psalms, Isaiah, Acts, Matthew, and Mark; and many theological reviews, often as sarcastic as they were forcible. See Life, by H. C. Alexander; Hart’s American Literature. Scr.

=Alexander, Samuel Davies.= N. J., 1819-1894. Son of A. Alexander, supra. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York city from 1855. Princeton College in the 18th Century. Scr.

=Alexander, Stephen.= N. Y., 1806-1883. An astronomer who was a professor at Princeton College, 1834-78. Physical Phenomena of Solar Eclipses; Certain Harmonies of the Solar System.

=Alger= [ă´jẽr], =Horatio, Jr.= Ms., 1832-1899. The author of a long series of popular juvenile tales, among which the Ragged Dick stories are best known. Co.

=Alger, William Rounseville=. Ms., 1822- ----. A Unitarian clergyman and lecturer of Boston. Symbolic History of the Cross; The School of Life; History of the Doctrine of a Future Life; The Solitudes of Nature and Man; The Friendships of Women; Poetry of the Orient; Life of Edwin Forrest. A. U. A. Lip. Rob.

=Alice, Aunt.= See Graves, Mrs.

=Alice, Cousin.= See Haven, Mrs.

=Allan, William.= Va., 1837-1889. A lieutenant-colonel in the Confederate army during the Civil War. Battlefields of Virginia; Jackson’s Valley Campaign; Army of Northern Virginia. Hou. Lip.

=Allen, Alexander Viets Griswold.= Ms., 1841- ----. An Episcopal clergyman, prominent among leaders of modern religious thought, and a professor in the Episcopal Theological School at Cambridge. The Continuity of Christian Thought: a Study of Modern Theology in the Light of its History; Life of Jonathan Edwards; The Greek Theology and the Renaissance of the 19th Century; Religious Progress. Hou.

=Allen, Mrs. Elizabeth Ann [Chase] [Akers]=, “Florence Percy.” Me. 1832- ----. A writer of verse, whose song, “Rock Me to Sleep, Mother,” is her most famous though not her best poem. The Triangular Society; Queen Catharine’s Rose; Forest Buds; Poems by Florence Percy; The Silver Bridge; The High Top Sweeting. Hou. Scr.

=Allen, Frederick De Forest.= O., 1844-1897. A professor of classical philology at Harvard University from 1880. Remnants of Early Latin; Greek Versification in Inscriptions.

=Allen, Fred Hovey. N. H.=, 1845- ----. A clergyman, author of the text of a number of popular art works, such as Great Cathedrals of the World; Modern German Masters; Recent German Art; Famous Paintings; Grand Modern Paintings; Glimpses of Parisian Art; History of the Reformation.

=Allen, Harrison.= Pa., 1841-1897. A surgeon of Philadelphia, professor in the University of Pennsylvania from 1865. Outlines of Comparative Anatomy; System of Human Anatomy. Lip.

=Allen, Ira.= Ct., 1751-1814. An officer in the American army during the Revolutionary War, who was afterwards instrumental in settling the disputes between Vermont and its neighbours. Natural and Political History of Vermont.

=Allen, James Lane.= Ky., 1849- ----. At one time a teacher, now devoted to literature. A writer of short stories, notable for literary excellence. Flute and Violin; The Blue Grass Region and Other Sketches of Kentucky; John Gray: a Novel; The Kentucky Cardinal; Aftermath; A Summer in Arcady; The Choir Invisible; The Reign of Law; Two Gentlemen of Kentucky. Har. Lip. Mac.

=Allen, Jerome.= Vt., 1830-1894. An educator of New York, dean of the School of Pedagogy. Handbook of Experimental Chemistry; Methods for Teachers in Grammar; Mind Studies for Young Teachers; Temperament in Education.

=Allen, Joel Asaph.= Ms., 1838- ----. A naturalist who since 1885 has been curator of ornithology and mammalogy in the American Museum of Natural History in New York city. History of North American Pinnipeds; Monographs of North American Rodentia (with E. Coues, infra).

=Allen, Joseph Henry.= Ms., 1820-1898. A Unitarian clergyman of Cambridge, who is also noted as the author of a number of valuable and popular classical text-books. Ten Discourses on Orthodoxy; Hebrew Men and Times; Christian History in Three Great Periods; Fragments of Christian History; Historical Sketch of the Unitarian Movement since the Reformation; Our Liberal Movement in Theology; Outline of Christian History, A. D. 50-1880; are some of his religious works. El. Gi. Rob.

=Allen’s Wife, Josiah.= See Holley.

=Allen, Lewis Falley.= Ms., 1800-1890. A once prominent cattle broker. Rural Architecture; The American Herd Book; American Cattle.

=Allen, Nathan.= Ms., 1813-1889. A physician of Lowell. The Law of Human Increase; The Opium Trade; Physical Development.

=Allen, Paul.= R. I., 1775-1826. A journalist of Philadelphia. Poems: Noah, a poem in five cantos; Life of Alexander I.; Lewis and Clark’s Novels. The Life of Washington, which bears his name, was written by John Neal, infra, and others.

=Allen, Richard Lamb.= Ms., 1803-1869. Brother of L. F. Allen, supra, with whom, in 1842, he founded the American Agriculturalist. Domestic Animals; Diseases of Domestic Animals; New American Farm Book (with L. F. Allen). See Last Letters of, with Memoir.

=Allen, Stephen Merrill.= N. H., 1819-1894. A banker and merchant of Boston. Fibrilia and Fibrous Manufactures, Ancient and Modern; Theories of Light; Religion and Science.

=Allen, Timothy Field.= Vt., 1837-1902. A physician of New York city, dean of the Homœopathic Medical College from 1882. Characeæ Americanæ; General Symptom-Register of Homœopathic Materia Medica. He has edited Encyclopædia of Pure Materia Medica.

=Allen, William.= Ms., 1784-1868. The author of an American Biographical and Historical Dictionary, the first edition of which appeared in 1809, the earliest work of the kind in the United States. From 1820 to 1829 he was president of Bowdoin College. Lectures to Young Men; Junius Unmasked; Wunissoo: a poem, with notes.

=Allen, William Francis.= Ms., 1830-1889. Brother of J. H. Allen, supra. A professor in the University of Wisconsin. He published Outline Studies in the History of Ireland; Monographs and Essays; and edited a collection of Slave Songs.

=Allen, Willis Boyd.= Me., 1855- ----. A Boston littérateur whose writings are popular with juvenile readers. Among them are The Red Mountain of Alaska; Pine Cones; Silver Rags; Kelp; The Mammoth Hunters. He has published In the Morning, a collection of verse. Est. Lo. Ran.

=Allen, Zachariah.= R. I., 1795-1882. A noted inventor and manufacturer of Providence. Practical Tourist; Practical Mechanics; Philosophy of the Mechanics of Nature; Solar Light and Heat. See Memorial by A. Perry, 1883. Ap.

=Allerton, Mrs. Ellen [Palmer].= N. Y., 1835-1893. A Kansas writer living at Padonia in that State. Poems of the Prairies.

=Allibone, Samuel Austin.= Pa., 1816-1889. A Philadelphia author widely known by his Critical Dictionary of English Literature and British and American Authors, a work of immense labour and research. It is of great value as a work of reference, but is not an infallible guide, and is more or less marred by trivial comment and moralizing. See Pennsylvania Magazine, vol. 15, 1891. Lip.

=Allmond, Marcus Blakey.= Va., 1851- ----. An educator of Louisville who has published Estelle, an Idyl of Old Virginia, a volume of verse; Agricola, an Eastern Idyl; Outlines of Latin Syntax.

=Allston= [awl´ston], =Robert Francis Withers.= S. C., 1801-1864. A South Carolina statesman well known at one time as an agricultural reformer. Memoir on Rice; Essay on Sea Coast Crops; Report on Public Schools.

=Allston, Washington.= S. C., 1779-1843. A once famous artist of Cambridge who was also known as a poet and romancer. Sylphs of the Seasons and Other Poems; The Romance of Monaldi; Lectures on Art. See Tuckerman’s Book of the Artists; Life and Letters, edited by J. Flagg, 1892.

=Alsop= [awl´sop], =Richard.= Ct., 1761-1815. A once noted political satirist, chief of the “Hartford Wits,” who wrote The Echo, a series of metrical parodies upon current publications, orations, state papers, and the like. Other works by Alsop are The Charms of Fancy; A Monody on the Death of Washington; The Enchanted Lake of the Fairy Morgana.

=Alvord= [awl´vord], =Benjamin.= Vt., 1813-1884. A United States officer who served in the Mexican and Civil wars. Tangencies of Circles and Spheres; Interpretation of Imaginary Roots in Questions of Maxima and Minima.

=Ames, Charles Gordon.= Ms., 1828- ----. A Unitarian clergyman who became pastor of the Church of the Disciples in Boston on the death of J. F. Clarke, infra. George Eliot’s Two Marriages; As Natural as Life: Studies of the Inner Kingdom.

=Ames, Mrs. Eleanor Maria [Easterbrook]=, “Eleanor Kirk.” 1830- ----. A littérateur of Brooklyn. Up Broadway and Its Sequel; Information for Authors; Perpetual Youth.

=Ames, Fisher.= Ms., 1758-1808. Son of N. Ames, infra. A statesman whose speeches are marked examples of condensed effective statement as well as of felicitous expression. Laocoon and Other Essays. See Works of, with Memoir, 1854; Magoon’s Orators of the American Revolution.

=Ames, Lucia True.= N. H., 1856- ----. A Boston writer who has published Great Thoughts for Little Thinkers; Memoirs of a Millionaire, a novel. Hou. Put.

=Ames, Mary Clemmer.= See Hudson, Mrs.

=Ames, Nathaniel.= Ms., 1708-1764. A physician of Dedham, Massachusetts, who published, 1725-64, an Astronomical Diary and Almanac which contained much shrewd humour and original philosophy and was widely popular. See Tyler’s American Literatures; Essays, Humour and Poems of Nathaniel Ames, father and son, edited by S. Briggs, 1891.

=Ammen, Daniel.= O., 1820-1898. A rear-admiral of the United States navy, the designer of the Ammen life raft. The Atlantic Coast; Country Homes and their Improvement; The Old Navy and the New. Lip. Scr.

=Amory, Thomas Coffin.= Ms., 1812-1889. A lawyer of Boston. Life of James Sullivan, Governor of Massachusetts; Military Services of Major-General John Sullivan; Life of Sir Isaac Coffin.

=Anagnos, Mrs. Julia Romana [Howe].= 1844-1886. Daughter of Dr. S. G. and Julia Ward Howe, infra, and wife of M. Anagnos, the Superintendent of the Perkins Institute for the Blind in Boston. Stray Chords, a volume of verse; Philosophiæ Questor.

=Anderson, Alexander.= N. Y., 1775-1870. The first wood-engraver in the United States. He was the author of an illustrated General History of Quadrupeds.

=Anderson, John Jacob.= N. Y., 1821- ----. An educator of New York city who prepared a number of historical text books, among which are A History of France; Common School History of the United States. My.

=Anderson, Mary.= See Navarro.

=Anderson, Rasmus Björn.= Wis., 1846- ----. A Norse scholar of Norwegian descent who has translated Björnson’s novels and written much in relation to Norse mythology. America not Discovered by Columbus; Norse Mythology; Viking Tales of the North; The Younger Edda; The Elder Edda. Sc.

=Anderson, Rufus.= Me., 1796-1880. A clergyman, who was secretary of the American Board of Foreign Missions, 1824-74. Foreign Missions, their Relations and Claims; History of the American Board’s Missions in the Sandwich Islands, Turkey and India, Peloponnesus and Greek Islands. C. P. S.

=Andrew, James Osgood.= Ga., 1794-1871. A bishop of the Methodist Church South. Family Government; Miscellanies.

=Andrews, Christopher Columbus.= N. H., 1829- ----. A brevet major-general in the United States army, who was minister to Sweden 1869-77, and consul-general to Brazil 1882-85. Minnesota and Dakota (1857); Practical Treatise on the Revenue Laws of the United States; Hints to Company Officers on their Military Duties; History of the Campaign of Mobile; Digests of the Opinions of the Attorneys-General of the United States; Brazil, its Condition and Prospects (1887), third enlarged edition (1895). Ap.

=Andrews, Elisha Benjamin.= N. H., 1844- ----. A prominent educator, president of Brown University. Institutes of General History; Institutes of Economics; Brief Institutes of our Economical History; An Honest Dollar; Eternal Words and Other Sermons; History of the United States; Wealth and Moral Law; History of the Last Quarter Century in the United States, 1870-95. Gi. Scr. Sil.

=Andrews, Eliza Frances.= Ga., 1840- ----. An educator of Macon, Georgia, whose writing is mainly in the line of fiction. A Mere Adventurer; A Family Secret; How he was Tempted; Prince Hal.

=Andrews, Ethan Allen.= Ct., 1787-1858. An educator who was at one time professor of ancient languages in the University of North Carolina. Beside a Latin-English Dictionary, he published a valuable series of classical text-books. Hou.

=Andrews, Israel Ward.= Ct., 1815-1888. President of Marietta College. His only published work of importance is a Manual of the Constitution of the United States. Va.

=Andrews, Jane.= Ms., 1833-1887. A writer of Newburyport whose books for children have long been deservedly popular. Seven Little Sisters who Live on the Round Ball that Floats in the Air; The Seven Little Sisters Prove their Sisterhood; The Stories Mother Nature Told; Ten Boys who Lived on the Road from Long Ago to Now; Only a Year and what it Brought. Gi.

=Andrews, Samuel James.= Ct., 1817- ----. Brother of I. W. Andrews, supra. An Irvingite clergyman of Hartford, Connecticut. The Life of Our Lord upon Earth; God’s Revelations of Himself to Men. Scr.

=Andrews, Sidney.= 1837-1880. A Boston journalist. The Art of Flying; The South since the War.

=Andrews, Stephen Pearl.= Ms., 1812-1886. An eccentric writer of New York city, the originator of phonographic reporting and at one period prominent as an abolitionist. Among his many and varied works are Basic Outline of Universalogy, in which he advocated the adoption of a universal language called Alwato; Discourses in Chinese; Comparison of Common Law with Roman, French, or Spanish Law on Entails and Other Limited Property; Love, Marriage and Divorce.

=Angell, Henry Clay.= R. I., 1829- ----. A professor of ophthalmology in Boston University. Diseases of the Eye; How to Take Care of our Eyes; Records of W. M. Hunt. Rob.

=Angell, James Burrill.= R. I., 1829- ----. President of Michigan University since 1871. Manual of French Literature; Progress in International Law.

=Angell, Joseph Kinnicut.= R. I., 1794-1857. A legal writer of Rhode Island, among whose works are Treatise on the Common Law of Watercourses; The Law of Tide Waters; The Limitation of Actions. Lit.

=Anspach, Frederick Rinehart.= Pa., 1815-1867. A Lutheran clergyman of Hagerstown, Maryland. Sons of the Sires; Sepulchres of Our Departed; The Two Pilgrims.

=Anthon, Charles.= N. Y., 1797-1867. A noted classical scholar, for many years professor of ancient languages at Columbia College. He was the author of some fifty classical text-books, including a Classical Dictionary. Har.

=Anthon, John.= Mch., 1784-1863. Brother of Charles Anthon, supra. A jurist of New York city. Essay on the Study of Law; Analysis of Blackstone; Nisi Prius Cases; American Precedents.

=Appleton, Jesse.= N. H., 1772-1819. A Congregational clergyman, president of Bowdoin College, 1807-19. Addresses; Lectures. His works, with Memoir by A. S. Packard, infra, appeared in 1837.

=Appleton, John.= 1804-1891. A former chief justice of Maine eminent as a legal reformer. The Rules of Evidence Stated and Discussed.

=Appleton, John Howard.= Me., 1844- ----. A professor of chemistry at Brown University since 1868. The Young Chemist; Qualitative Analysis; Quantitative Analysis; Chemistry of Non Metals. Sil.

=Appleton, Thomas Gold.= Ms., 1812-1884. An artist and littérateur of Boston. A Sheaf of Papers; A Nile Journal; Windfalls; Syrian Sunshine; Chequer-Work; Faded Leaves, a volume of verse. See Life and Letters, edited by Susan Hale, 1885. Rob.

=Apthorp, William Foster.= Ms., 1848- ----. A musical newspaper critic of Boston. Musicians and Music Lovers and Other Essays. He has translated Zola’s Jacques Damour. =Cop. Scr.=

=Archibald, Andrew Webster.= N. Y., 1851- ----. A Congregational clergyman of prominence in Iowa. The Bible Verified.

=Archibald, Mrs. George.= See Palmer, Mrs. Anna.

=Arey, Mrs. Harriet Ellen [Grannis].= Vt., 1819- ----. An educator whose home is in Cleveland. Household Songs and Other Poems; Home and School Training. Lip.

=Arkwright, Peleg.= See Proudfit, D.

=Armitage, Thomas.= E., 1819-1896. A prominent Baptist clergyman of New York city. Jesus, his Self Introspection; Lectures on Preaching; History of the Baptists.

=Armstrong, George Dodd.= N. J., 1813-1899. A Presbyterian clergyman of Norfolk, Virginia. The Summer of the Pestilence; The Doctrine of Baptisms; The Christian Doctrine of Slavery; Theology of Christian Experience; The Sacraments of the New Testament; The Books of Nature and Revelation, a criticism of the theory of evolution. Fu.

=Armstrong, John.= Pa., 1758-1843. An officer of note in the American army at the time of the Revolution. He was the author of the first of the famous Newburg Letters, and in later life published Notes on the War of 1812; Treatise on Gardening; Treatise on Agriculture; Memoirs of Generals Montgomery and Wayne.

=Arnold, Albert Nicholas.= R. I., 1814-1883. A Baptist clergyman who held professorships in several Baptist seminaries successively. Pre-requisites to Communion; Evils of Infant Baptism; One Woman’s Mission.

=Arnold, George.= N. Y., 1834-1865. A journalist and poet of New York city, whose verse is musical without being especially strong. Drift and Other Poems; Poems Grave and Gay. See Biographical Sketch by W. Winter, infra. Hou.

=Arnold, Isaac Newton.= N. Y., 1815-1884. A prominent Chicago lawyer and politician, member of Congress, 1861-65. Life of Abraham Lincoln; Life of Benedict Arnold; Recollections of the Early Chicago and Illinois Bar. Mg.

=Arnold, Lauren Briggs.= N. Y., 1814-1888. An agriculturist of western New York who lectured frequently upon dairy husbandry and was the author of American Dairying.

=Arnold, Samuel Greene.= R. I., 1821-1880. A lawyer who was several times lieutenant-governor of Rhode Island. History of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations; Life of Patrick Henry. Pr.

=Arp, Bill.= See Smith, C. H.

=Arr, E. H.= See Rollins, Mrs. Ellen.

=Arria.= See Pugh, Mrs.

=Arrington, Alfred W.= N. C., 1810-1867. A prominent lawyer in the Southwest, and, later, in Chicago. The Rangers and Regulators of the Tanaha; Sketches of the Southwest; Poems (with Memoir), 1869.

=Arthur, Timothy Shay.= N. Y., 1809-1885. A prolific writer of moral tales, with much more excellence of intention than literary merit to recommend them, but which have enjoyed a very extensive popularity. Ten Nights in a Bar-Room; Six Nights with the Washingtonians; Tales of Married Life, are some of the best known. His life was nearly all spent in Philadelphia. Co. Lip. Pet.

=Ashhurst, John.= Pa., 1839-1900. A distinguished surgeon of Philadelphia. Injuries of the Spine; Principles and Practice of Surgery. He edited the International Encyclopædia of Surgery. Lip.

=Astor, William Waldorf.= N. Y., 1848- ----. A noted millionaire of New York city, minister to Italy, 1882-85, and more recently the proprietor of the Pall Mall Gazette and Pall Mall Magazine in London. Valentino, an Historical Romance of the 16th Century in Italy; Sforza, a Story of Milan. Scr.

=Atkinson, Edward.= Ms., 1827- ----. A Boston reformer active in matters of diet and political economy. The Distribution of Products; Labor and Capital; Industrial Progress of the Nation; The Science of Nutrition; Margin of Profits; Taxation and Work. Put.

=Atkinson, John.= N. J., 1835-1897. A clergyman of prominence in the Methodist church. The Living Way; Memorials of Methodism in New Jersey; The Garden of Sorrows; The Class Leader; Centennial History of American Methodism. Meth.

=Atkinson, William Parsons.= Ms., 1820-1890. Brother of E. Atkinson, supra. A professor of history at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Right Use of Books; History and the Study of History; Classical and Scientific Studies. Rob.

=Atwater, Horace Cowles.= N. Y., 1819-1879. A clergyman of the Methodist Church South, who published Incidents of a Southern Tour (1857).

=Atwater, Lyman Hotchkiss.= Ct., 1813-1883. A professor of philosophy at Princeton College and long a noted contributor to the Princeton Review. He published a Manual of Elementary Logic. Lip.

=Atwater, Wilbur Olin.= N. Y., 1844- ----. A professor of chemistry at Wesleyan University since 1873. He has written extensively upon agricultural chemistry, and published Co-operative Experimenting as a Means of Studying the Effect of Fertilizers; Results of Field Experiments with Various Fertilizers.

=Atwood, Anthony.= N. J., 1801-1888. A Methodist clergyman, whose only published work is The Abiding Comforter.

=Atwood, Isaac Morgan.= N. Y., 1838- ----. A Universalist clergyman, president of the Theological Seminary at St. Lawrence University. Have we Outgrown Christianity; Glance at the Religious Progress of the United States; Latest Word of Universalism; Walks about Zion; Manual of Revelation.

=Audubon, John James.= La., 1780-1851. An ornithologist of eminence, whose entire life was devoted to the pursuit of his favorite study. Birds of America; Quadrupeds of North America; Ornithological Biography. See Audubon, the Naturalist, by Mrs. St. John; Journal of Life and Labours of Audubon.

=Auringer, Obadiah Cyrus.= N. Y., 1849- ----. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York state, whose writings in verse include Scythe and Sword; The Heart of the Golden Roan; The Episode of Jane McCrea; The Book of the Hills. Lo.

=Austen, Peter Townsend.= N. Y., 1852- ----. A professor of chemistry at Rutgers College since 1877, who has contributed much to scientific journals, and published Chemical Lecture Notes; Organic Chemistry, from the German of Pinner. Wil.

=Austin, Arthur Williams.= Ms., 1807-1884. A lawyer of Boston. The Woman and the Queen, and Other Specimens of Verse, (1875).

=Austin, Benjamin.= Ms., 1752-1820. A Boston merchant, active as a political writer and an especially violent champion of democracy. Constitutional Republicanism is a collection of some of his contributions to the newspapers of his day.

=Austin, Coe Finch.= N. Y., 1831-1880. A botanist of Closter, New York, who published Musci Appalachani, a description of American mosses.

=Austin, George Lowell.= Ms., 1849-1893. A Boston physician whose miscellaneous writings include Perils of American Women, a Doctor’s Talk with Maiden, Wife, and Mother; Water-Analysis, a Handbook for Water-Drinkers; Under the Tide; Life of Franz Schubert; Popular History of Massachusetts; Life and Deeds of General Grant; Longfellow; Life of Wendell Phillips. Le.

=Austin, Henry.= Ms., 1858- ----. A lawyer of Boston, who has written The Law Concerning Farms; American Farm and Game Laws; American Fish and Game Laws; Liquor Law in New England.

=Austin, Henry Willard.= Ms., 1858- ----. A journalist and littérateur of Boston. Vagabond Verses.

=Austin, James Trecothick.= Ms., 1784-1870. A once prominent lawyer of Boston, who published a Life of Elbridge Gerry.

=Austin, Mrs. Jane [Goodwin].= Ms., 1831-1894. A talented writer of historical fiction, much of whose life was spent in Boston. She was a careful student of colonial history, and will be long remembered for her series of romances relating to the Plymouth Pilgrims and their descendants. These include A Nameless Nobleman; Standish of Standish; Betty Alden: the First-Born Daughter of the Pilgrims; Dr. Le Baron and his Daughters; David Alden’s Daughter and Other Stories of Colonial Times. Other novels by her are Cipher; The Shadow of Moloch Mountain; Mrs. Beauchamp Brown; The Desmond Hundred; Dora Darling; Outpost. Nantucket Scraps is a volume of travel sketches; Moonfolk, a fairy tale. Hou. Le. Put. Rob.

=Austin, Samuel.= Ct., 1760-1830. A Congregational clergyman of Worcester, Massachusetts, 1790-1815, and afterwards president of the University of Vermont. Views of the Church; Theological Essays; Letters on Baptism.

=Austin, William.= Ms., 1778-1841. A Boston lawyer whose best claim to remembrance is that he was author of the famous sketch Peter Rugg: the Missing Man, which appeared in the New England Galaxy in 1824. It is a very remarkable imaginative study that in some respects anticipates the later work of Hawthorne. Other works of his are Letters from London (1804); The Human Character of Jesus Christ. See Literary Papers of, with Biographical Sketch, 1890. Lit.

=Avery, Benjamin Parke.= N. Y., 1829-1875. A Californian journalist who was appointed minister to China in 1874. Californian Pictures in Prose and Verse.

=Ayres, Alfred.= See Osmun.

=Ayres, Anne.= E., 1816-1896. The first member of an American sisterhood in the Protestant Episcopal Church, becoming a sister of the Holy Communion in 1845. Evangelical Sisterhoods; Life of W. H. Muhlenberg, infra.

=Azarias, Brother.= See Mullany.

B

=Bache= [baych], =Alexander Dallas.= Pa., 1806-1867. A scientist who was superintendent of the United States Court Survey, 1843-67. His annual reports to Congress are works of great value. See Commemorative Address by B. A. Gould, infra, 1868.

=Bache, Franklin.= Pa., 1792-1864. Cousin of A. D. Bache, supra, and like him a great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin, infra. A Philadelphia physician, professor of chemistry in Jefferson Medical College, 1841-64. A System of Chemistry for Students in Medicine; The Dispensatory of the United States (with G. B. Wood). See Memoir, by G. B. Wood, infra.

=Bacheller, Irving.= N. Y., 1859- ----. A journalist and littérateur of New York city. The Master of Silence, a romance; The Still House of O’Darrow; Eben Holden. Cas. Lo.

=Bachman= [bäk´man], =John.= N. Y., 1790-1874. A naturalist of Charleston, where he was pastor of a Lutheran church, 1815-74. He assisted Audubon, preparing the greater part of the text of The Quadrupeds of North America, and wrote several religious and scientific works. Two Letters on Heredity; Defence of Luther and the Reformation. See American Lutheran Biographies.

=Backus, Isaac.= Ct., 1724-1806. A Baptist clergyman of Rhode Island. A History of New England, with Particular Reference to the Baptists. See Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit.

=Bacon, Delia Salter.= O., 1811-1859. The earliest exponent of the Baconian theory of the authorship of Shakespeare. Philosophy of the Plays of Shakespeare Unfolded; Tales of the Puritans; The Bride of Fort Edward: a Drama. See Hawthorne’s Recollections of a Gifted Woman; Mrs. Farrar’s Recollections of Seventy Years; Life, by Theodore Bacon; Saturday Review, vol. 67.

=Bacon, Edwin Munroe.= R. I., 1844- ----. A journalist of Boston. Dictionary of Boston; Boston of To-Day. Hou.

=Bacon, Henry.= Ms., 1839- ----. An artist who has lived principally in Paris. A Parisian Year; Parisian Art and Artists. Hou. Rob.

=Bacon, Leonard.= Mch., 1802-1881. Brother of D. S. Bacon, supra. The pastor of a Congregational church in New Haven, Connecticut, 1825-81, and a prominent figure in the denomination to which he belonged. Historical Discourses; Slavery Discussed in Occasional Essays; Genesis of the New England Churches; Christian Self-Culture. See Century Magazine, vol. 3. Har.

=Bacon, Leonard Woolsey.= Ct., 1830- ----. Son of L. Bacon, supra. A Congregational clergyman. A Life Worth Living; Church Papers; Sermons; The Simplicity that is in Christ. Fu.

=Bacon, Thomas Scott.= N. Y., 1825- ----. An Episcopal controversialist of Maryland. Both Sides of the Controversy between the Roman and Reformed Churches; The Reign of God and the Reign of Law; The Beginnings of Religion; Primitive Man in Christian Thought; It is Written; The Primitive and Catholic Doctrine as to Holy Scripture.

=Badeau, Adam.= N. Y., 1831-1895. A general in the United States army. The Vagabond; Military History of General Grant; Conspiracy: a Cuban Romance; Aristocracy in England; Grant in Peace: a Personal Memoir. Ap. Har.

=Bagg, Lyman Hotchkiss.= “Karl Kron.” Ms., 1846- ----. Four Years at Yale; Ten Thousand Miles on a Bicycle.

=Bailey, James Montgomery.= N. Y., 1841-1894. Widely known at one time as “The Danbury News Man.” A journalist of Danbury, Connecticut, who was among the earliest to exploit a kind of native humour chiefly concerned with local allusion and application. He has had many imitators whose methods have been much less legitimate than his. Life in Danbury; England from a Back Window; The Danbury Boom; Mr. Phillis’ Goneness; They All Do It. Le.

=Bailey, Liberty Hyde.= Mich., 1858- ----. A prominent horticulturist. American Grape Training; Crossbreeding and Hybridization; Field Notes on Apple Culture; Annals of Horticulture; The Horticulturist Rule-Book; The Nursery-Book: a Complete Guide to the Multiplication and Pollination of Plants; Talks Afield about Plants; Plant Breeding. Hou. Mac.

=Bailey, Loring Woart.= N. Y., 1839- ----. A professor of natural history in the University of New Brunswick. Mines and Minerals of New Brunswick; Geology of Southern New Brunswick; Elementary Natural History.

=Bailey, William Whitman.= N. Y., 1843- ----. Brother of L. W. Bailey, supra. A professor of botany at Brown University. New England Wild Flowers and Their Seasons; Among Rhode Island Wild Flowers; Botanical Collector’s Hand-Book. Pr.

=Baird, Charles Washington.= N. J., 1828-1887. Son of R. Baird, supra. A Presbyterian minister of Rye, New York. Eutaxia, or the Presbyterian Liturgies; Book of Public Prayer; History of Rye; History of the Huguenot Emigration to America. Do.

=Baird, Henry Carey.= Pa., 1825- ----. Nephew of Henry Carey, infra, and a political economist holding similar views. Rights of American Producers and Wrongs of British Free Trade Revenue Reformers; Protection of Home Labour and Home Production necessary to the Protection of the American Farmer; Miscellaneous Papers on Economic Questions. Bai.

=Baird, Henry Martyn.= Pa., 1832- ----. Son of R. Baird, infra. Professor of Greek at the University of New York from 1859. An historian who is conscientious but not absolutely impartial. Life of Robert Baird; Modern Greece; Narrative of a Residence and Travels; History of the Rise of the Huguenots of France; The Huguenots and Henry of Navarre; The Huguenots and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Har. Ran. Scr.

=Baird, Robert.= Pa., 1798-1863. A Presbyterian clergyman, active in the cause of temperance and in promoting the extension of Protestantism in Europe. History of the Temperance Societies; View of Religion in America; History of the Waldenses, Albigenses, and Vaudois; Protestantism in Italy. See Life, by H. M. Baird. Har.

=Baird, Samuel John.= O., 1817-1893. A Presbyterian clergyman whose writings are chiefly concerned with the polity and history of the Presbyterian church. The Church of Christ: its Constitution and Order; History of the Early Polity of the Presbyterian Church in the Training of Ministers; The Socinian Apostasy of the English Presbyterian Church; History of the New School.

=Baird, Spencer Fullerton.= Pa., 1823-1887. A naturalist of prominence, who was from 1878 the secretary of the Smithsonian Institution. The translator and editor of the Iconographic Encyclopedia, co-author with J. Cassin of Birds of North America and Mammals of North America; editor Annual Record of Science and Industry from 1872-78. A History of North American Birds, written in collaboration with T. M. Brewer and R. Ridgway, is one of his most valuable works. See Popular Science Monthly, vol. 33. Har. Lip. Lit.

=Baker, Abijah Richardson.= Ms., 1805-1876. A Congregational clergyman of Lynn, Massachusetts. School History of the United States; The Catechism Tested by the Bible; Topics in Christ’s Sermon on the Mount.

=Baker, George Augustus.= N. Y., 1849- ----. A lawyer of New York. Point Lace and Diamonds, a collection of sparkling society verse; The Bad Habits of Good Society; Mrs. Hephaestus and Other Short Stories; West Point: a Comedy. Sto.

=Baker, George Melville.= Me., 1832-1890. The author and compiler of Amateur Dramas, the Social Stage, and works of like character. Le.

=Baker, George Pierce.= R. I., 1866- ----. An instructor at Harvard University. Plot Book of Elizabethan Plays; Principles of Argumentation. Gi. Ho.

=Baker, Mrs. Harriette Newell [Woods].= “Madeline Leslie.” Ms., 1815-1893. Wife of A. R. Baker, supra, and daughter of Leonard Woods, infra. Beside two novels,--Cora and the Doctor, The Courtesies of Wedded Life,--her writings include nearly two hundred moral and religious tales, among which Tim the Scissors Grinder is the best known.

=Baker, Mrs. Julia Keim [Wetherill].= Mi., 1858- ----. A journalist of New Orleans. Wings: a Novel.

=Baker, William Mumford.= D. C., 1825-1883. A popular novelist who was a Presbyterian clergyman in the Southwest until 1870, and afterwards the pastor of a church in Boston. He was a vigourous writer of considerable originality, whose earlier works possess historic interest as pictures of a now past stage of civilization in the Southern States. Inside: a Chronicle of Secession; The Virginians in Texas; Oak Mot; The New Timothy; Mose Evans; His Majesty Myself; Blessed St. Certainty; Thirlmore; Carter Quarterman; A Year Worth Living; Colonel Dunwoddie: Millionaire; The Making of a Man; The Ten Theophanies: the Manifestations of Christ before his Birth in Bethlehem; John Westacott, a juvenile tale. Har. Le. Ran. Rob.

=Balch, William Stevens.= Vt., 1806-1887. A Universalist clergyman, long resident at Elgin, Illinois, and author of Lectures on Language; Grammar of the English Language; Ireland as I Saw It; A Peculiar People.

=Baldwin, James Mark.= S. C., 1861- ----. A professor of psychology at Princeton University since 1893. Psychology; Elements of Psychology; Mental Development in the Child and Man; a translation of Ribot’s “German Psychology of To-Day.” Ho. Mac.

=Baldwin, John Denison.= Ct., 1809-1883. A journalist of Worcester, Massachusetts. Raymond Hill, a Poem; Pre-Historic Nations; Ancient America. Har.

=Baldwin, Joseph G.= Va., 1811-1864. A once popular humourous writer who was a jurist of prominence in Alabama and afterwards of California, of which State he became chief justice. Flush Times in Alabama and Mississippi; Party Leaders, able papers on Southern statesmen.

=Baldwin, Mrs. Lydia Wood.= Ms., 1836- ----. Rubina; A Yankee School-Teacher in Virginia. Fu.

=Balestier, Charles Wolcott.= 1861-1891. An American writer who established himself as a publisher in London, and whose sister was married to Rudyard Kipling the novelist. A Fair Device; Life of Blaine; A Victorious Defeat; Benefits Forgot; The Naulahka (with Rudyard Kipling); A Common Story. See Century Magazine, April, 1892. Ap. Har.

=Ballou, Adin.= R. I., 1803-1890. A Universalist clergyman of Milford, Massachusetts. Christian Non-Resistance Defended; Treatise on Spirit Manifestations; Primitive Christianity and its Corruptions; History of the Town of Milford. See New England Magazine, April, 1891.

=Ballou, Hosea.= N. H., 1771-1852. A Universalist theologian of note in New England, and one of the founders of American Universalism. With his son he established the Universalist Quarterly. Treatise on Atonement; Notes on the Parables; An Examination of the Doctrine of Future Retribution. See Lives, by M. M. Ballou; Whittemore, 1854; Safford, 1889. See Universalist Review, vol. 41.

=Ballou, Hosea.= Vt., 1796-1861. Nephew of H. Ballou, supra. A Universalist clergyman who was the first president of Tufts College, 1854-61. Ancient History of Universalism.

=Ballou, Maturin Murray.= Ms., 1820-1895. Son of H. Ballou, 2nd. The founder and editor of several periodicals in Boston which bore his name, and, in his later years, a traveler to all parts of the world. History of Cuba; Life of Hosea Ballou; Due West, or Round the World in Ten Months; Due South, or Cuba Past and Present; Due North: Glimpses of Scandinavia and Russia; Under the Southern Cross: Travels in Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand, etc.; Alaska: The New Eldorado; Aztec Land; The Story of Malta; The Pearl of India, a description of Ceylon; Equatorial America, a description of visits to the Lesser Antilles and to South American capitals; Footprints of Travel. Gi. Hou.

=Ballou, Moses.= Ms., 1811-1879. A nephew of H. Ballou, 1st, and, like him, a Universalist clergyman. The Divine Character Vindicated.

=Bancroft, Aaron.= Ms., 1755-1839. A Unitarian clergyman of Worcester, Massachusetts, 1785-1839, who was prominent in the earlier days of the Unitarian movement as a writer in its behalf. Sermons on the Doctrines of the Gospel; A Life of Washington. Co.

=Bancroft, Edward.= Ms., 1744-1821. A physician who resided chiefly in London, where he was supposed to have been a spy of the English Government during the American Revolution. Natural History of Guiana; Researches concerning the Philosophy of Permanent Colors; Charles Wentworth: a Novel; and several political works.

=Bancroft, George.= Ms., 1800-1891. Son of A. Bancroft, supra. An eminent historian who was United States minister to England, 1846-49, and to Prussia and Germany, 1867-74. He was inclined to view history from the philosophic standpoint, and his political experiences gave him insight into motives. In his estimates of men he made smaller allowance for the relative values of the testimony of different periods than is now customary among historians. He paid much attention to style, but sometimes erred in regard to over-ornament. His manner, however, where not laboured, is attractive and often dramatic. The first volume of The History of the United States appeared in 1834, the second in 1837, the third in 1840, and the succeeding ones 1852-74. A revised edition was issued in 1876, while volumes 11 and 12 of the first edition were published in 1882 as The History of the Formation of the Constitution of the United States. The latest revised edition was printed 1884-85. Minor works include Martin Van Buren to the End of his Public Career; Literary and Historical Miscellanies; Memorial Address on Abraham Lincoln; A Plea for the Constitution of the United States wounded in the House of its Guardians. See Annual Cyclopedia, 1891; Century Magazine, vol. 11; Jameson’s Historical Writing in America, pp. 100-110. Ap. Har.

=Bancroft, Hubert Howe.= O., 1832- ----. An historical writer whose works, exceedingly comprehensive in their scope, were prepared with the assistance of a number of collaborateurs. The Native Races of the Pacific States, 5 volumes; History of the Pacific States of North America, including Central America, Mexico, California, Oregon, British Columbia, 39 volumes; The Early American Chroniclers; Popular History of the Mexican People; Literary Industries. See Jameson’s Historical Writing in America, pp. 152-156. Ap. Har.

=Bandelier, Adolph Francis Alphonse.= Sd., 1830- ----. An archæologist of Swiss birth, whose life has been chiefly spent in the United States. The Art of War and Mode of Warfare; Tenure of Land and Inheritances of the Ancient Mexicans; Historical Introduction to Studies among the Sedentary Indians of New Mexico; Archæological Tour in Mexico in 1881; The Delight Makers, a novel of Pueblo Indian Life. Ap. Do.

=Bangs, John Kendrick.= N. Y., 1862- ----. A humourous writer of Yonkers, New York, and one of the founders of “Life.” Three Weeks in Politics; Coffee and Repartee; The Idiot; The Water Ghost; Mr. Bonaparte of Corsica; A House Boat on the Styx; The Bicyclers and Other Farces; Toppleton’s Client; A Rebellious Heroine. Har.

=Bangs, Nathan.= Ct., 1778-1862. An active Methodist theologian and controversialist, very prominent in the literary history of his church and a most prolific writer. Among his works are comprised History of the Methodist Episcopal Church to 1840; Errors of Hopkinsianism; Life of Arminius; Letters to a Young Preacher; Letters on Sanctification; Methodist Episcopacy. See Life and Times of, by Abel Stevens. Meth.

=Banks, Louis Albert.= Or., 1855- ----. A prominent Methodist clergyman. The Saloon Keeper’s Ledger, a series of Temperance Discourses; The Fisherman and his Friends; Common Folks’ Religion; Revival Quiver, a Record of Revival Campaigns; The People’s Christ; White Slaves, or the Oppression of the Worthy Poor; The Honeycombs of Life; Christ and His Friends. Fu. Le. Meth.

=Banister, John.= E., 16-- -1692. A Virginia botanist who assisted the English naturalist, John Ray. Observations on the Natural Productions of Jamaica; Insects of Virginia; Curiosities of Virginia; The Unseen Lupus; The Pistolochia, or Serpentaria Virginiana. The genus Banisteria was named in his honour.

=Banneker, Benjamin.= Md., 1731-1806. An astronomer and mathematician of African descent, who assisted in the original survey of the District of Columbia and published an astronomical almanac 1792-1806. See Lives, by Latrobe, 1845; Norris, 1854; Atlantic Monthly, January, 1863; Catholic World, vol. 38.

=Banvard, John.= 1814-1891. An artist and poet whose famous panorama of the Mississippi covered 3 miles of canvas. He wrote much indifferent verse, and published books of a miscellaneous nature. Amasis, The Last of the Pharaohs, afterwards dramatized by him; Carrinia: a Drama; Description of the Mississippi River; Pilgrimage to the Holy Land; The Private Life of a King; A Tradition of the Temple: a Poem.

=Banvard, Joseph.= N. Y., 1810-1887. Brother of J. Banvard, supra. A Baptist clergyman of Massachusetts who beside contributing somewhat largely to Sunday-school literature wrote much in other directions. Romance of American History; Plymouth and the Pilgrims; Novelties of the New World, or Adventures and Discoveries of the First Explorers; Tragic Scenes in the History of Maryland; The American Statesman: a Memoir of Webster; Southern Explorers; Soldiers and Patriots of the Revolution; Priscilla: an Historical Tale. Lo. Mer.

=Baraga, Friedric.= A., 1797-1868. A Roman Catholic missionary who came to America in 1830 from Austria, and became bishop of Sault St. Marie in 1852. He devoted himself to mission work among the Chippewa or Ojibway Indians, and beside writing several books in their tongue prepared a Grammar and Dictionary of the Otchipewe Language.

=Barbe, Waitman.= W. Va., 1864- ----. A resident of Parkersburg, West Virginia. Ashes and Incense, a volume of notable verse; In the Virginias, a collection of short stories. Lip.

=Barber, John Warner.= Ct., 1798-1885. An industrious annalist whose compilations though of slight literary merit are valuable as historical material not so readily accessible elsewhere. Historical Collections of Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Virginia, and Ohio, the four last being prepared with the assistance of Henry Howe, infra; History of New Haven; Elements of General History; Historical Scenes in the United States.

=Barbour, John Humphrey.= Ct., 1854-1900. An Episcopal clergyman, professor of New Testament interpretation at the Berkeley Divinity School at Middletown, Connecticut. Beginnings of the Historic Episcopate.

=Barbour, Oliver Lorenzo.= N. Y., 1811-1889. An eminent lawyer of New York State. Equity Digest; Criminal Law; The Law of Set-Off; Practice of the Court of Chancery; Summary of the Law of Parties to Actions at Law, and many legal reports.

=Barclay, James Turner.= Va., 1807-1874. A leading clergyman of the Campbellite faith, for many years a missionary at Jerusalem. He is best known as the author of The City of the Great King, a description of Jerusalem.

=Barker, Fordyce.= N. H., 1818-1891. A New York physician of prominence and a professor in the Bellevue Hospital from 1860. On Sea-Sickness; On Puerperal Diseases. Ap.

=Barker, George Frederic.= Ms., 1835- ----. A professor of physics in the University of Pennsylvania since 1873. Correlation of Vital and Physical Forces; Text Book of Elementary Chemistry.

=Barker, James Nelson.= Pa., 1784-1858. A Philadelphia poet and playwright who was comptroller of the United States Treasury 1838-50. His dramas include Marmion; The Indian Princess; Superstition; Smiles and Tears.

=Barlow, Joel.= Ct., 1754-1812. A prominent literary figure in the early days of the republic. His verse for the most part is stilted and declamatory. The Columbiad, his most ambitious poem, is now unread, but Hasty Pudding, a poetical reminiscence of New England among Italian scenes, still affords pleasant reading, and is genuinely humourous. The Vision of Columbus, The Conspiracy of Kings, are his only other works of any note. See Life by Todd, 1896; Tyler’s Three Men of Letters, 1895; Atlantic Monthly, vol. 58.

=Barnard, Charles.= Ms., 1838- ----. A writer and lecturer of New York city who was an editorial contributor to The Century Dictionary. The Tone Masters; The Soprano; My Ten Rod Farm; Farming by Inches; A Simple Flower Garden; The Strawberry Garden; Legilda Romanoff; Knights of To-Day; Co-operation as a Business; A Dead Town, a Romance of the Old Country; Talks about the Weather; Talks about the Soil. Put. Scr.

=Barnard, Frederick Augustus Porter.= Ms., 1809-1889. An educational writer who was president of Columbia College, 1864-89. History of the United States Coast Survey; Imaginary Metrological System of the Great Pyramid; The Undulatory Theory of Light; Letters on College Government. See Memoirs of, by John Fulton, 1896. Wil.

=Barnard, Henry.= Ct., 1811-1900. A noted advocate of educational reforms. National Education in Europe; School Architecture; Hints and Methods for Teachers; Pestalozzi and Pestalozzianism; History of Education in Connecticut; Educational Biography; German Educational Reformers. See New England Magazine, vol. 4.

=Barnard, John.= Ms., 1681-1770. A Congregational minister of Boston who was among the earliest New England dissenters from Calvinism. A robust and logical thinker. Version of the Psalms; Sermons; The Strange Adventures of Philip Ashton. See Tyler’s American Literature.

=Barnard, John Gross.= Ms., 1815-1882. Brother of F. Barnard, supra. A major-general of the United States Army. Survey of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec; Phenomena of the Gyroscope; Dangers and Defences of New York; Sea Coast Defence; The Peninsular Campaign and its Antecedents; Problems of Rotary Motion.

=Barnes, Albert.= N. Y., 1798-1870. A leader of New School Presbyterian thought and an able scriptural commentator. He was a clergyman of Philadelphia, and was at one time tried for heresy. Notes on the New Testament; Scriptural Views of Slavery; The Atonement; Life at Three Score; Prayers for Family Worship; Evidences of Christianity in the Nineteenth Century. See Theological Works of, 1875. Har.

=Barnes, James.= Md., 1865- ----. For King or Country, a Story of the Revolution; Admiral Farragut; Naval Actions of the War of 1812; A Princetonian. Ap. Har. Put.

=Barnes, Mrs. Mary Downing [Sheldon].= N. Y., 1850-1898. An educator who published Studies in General History; Teachers’ Manual.

=Barnum, Mrs. Frances Courtenay [Baylor].= Ark., 1848- ----. A novelist now living in Savannah. On Both Sides, an international novel; Behind the Blue Ridge; Juan and Juanita, a juvenile tale; Claudia Hyde. Hou. Lip.

=Barnum, Phineas Taylor.= Ct., 1810-1891. A showman of world-wide fame. Humbugs of the World; Struggles and Triumphs, or Forty Years’ Recollections; Lion Jack, or How Menageries are Made; Autobiography. See Saturday Review, vol. 71.

=Barr, Mrs. Amelia Edith [Huddleston].= E., 1831- ----. A novelist of English birth who was educated in Glasgow and came to America in 1854. Her literary career did not begin, however, until 1871. Her books exhibit many excellencies of construction and characterization, are wholesome in tone, and have been deservedly popular. Among the best of them may be named Jan Vedder’s Wife; Paul and Christina; A Daughter of Fife; A Border Shepherdess; The Bow of Orange Ribbon, a tale of colonial life in New York; Between Two Loves; Friend Olivia; Bernicia, a story in which Whitefield, the famous preacher, is a prominent figure. Other works by Mrs. Barr include: Scottish Sketches; Flower of Gala Water; Romance and Reality; Young People of Shakespeare’s Time; Cluny McPherson; The Hallam Succession; The Lost Silver of Briffault; The Last of the McAlisters; The King’s Highway; The Squire of Sandal Side; Master of his Fate; Christopher; Remember the Alamo, a story of Texas; She loved a Sailor; A Rose of a Hundred Leaves; Michael and Theodora; A Sister to Esau; Feet of Clay; The Household of McNeil; The Preacher’s Daughter; Love for an Hour is Love Forever; A Singer from the Sea; The Lone House. See Andover Review, vol. 11. Ap. Do. Har.

=Barrett, Benjamin Fisk.= Me., 1808-1892. A Swedenborgian clergyman of Philadelphia who wrote extensively in behalf of his faith. Among his many books are A Life of Swedenborg; The New View of Hell; Swedenborg and Channing; Heaven Revealed: a Popular Presentation of Swedenborg’s Disclosures about Heaven.

=Barrett, Walter.= See Scoville.

=Barron, Elwyn Alfred.= Tn., 1855- ----. A Chicago journalist on the editorial staff of The Inter-Ocean from 1879, who has written The Viking, a blank-verse drama; A Moral Crime, and other plays.

=Barrow, Mrs. Frances Elizabeth [Mease].= “Aunt Fanny.” S. C., 1822-1894. A writer of juvenile tales which have been widely circulated. Among them are The Night Cap Series; The Pop Gun Series; The Six Mitten Books. Est.

=Barrows, John Henry.= Mich., 1847-1902. A Presbyterian clergyman of Chicago. The Gospels are True History; I believe in God the Father Almighty; Henry Ward Beecher, the Pulpit Jupiter; Life of Henry Ward Beecher. Fu. Lo.

=Barrows, Mrs. Katherine Isabel Hayes [Chapin].= Vt., 1846- ----. Wife of S. J. Barrows, infra, and with him author of The Shaybacks in Camp, a volume of leisurely travel notes. Hou.

=Barrows, Samuel June.= N. Y., 1845- ----. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, editor of The Christian Register since 1881. A Baptist Meeting House, a narrative of a transition from the Baptist to the Unitarian faith; The Doom of the Majority of Mankind. A. U. A.

=Barrows, William.= Ms., 1815-1891. A Congregational clergyman of Massachusetts. The Church and the Children; The Indian’s Side of the Indian Question; Oregon, the Struggle for Possession; The United States of Yesterday and To-morrow; Twelve Nights in the Hunter’s Camp. Hou. Le. Lo. Rob.

=Barry, John Daniel.= Ms., 1866- ----. A littérateur of New York city. A Daughter of Thespis; The Intriguers, a novel; Mademoiselle Blanche; The Princess Margarethe, a fairy tale; The Congressman’s Wife. Ap. St.

=Barry, John Stetson.= Ms., 1819-1872. A Universalist clergyman. The Stetson Genealogy; History of Massachusetts.

=Barry, Patrick.= I., 1816-1890. A prominent horticulturist of Rochester, N. Y. Treatise on the Fruit Garden. Ju.

=Barry, William.= Ms., 1805-1885. Brother of J. S. Barry, supra. A Congregational clergyman of Chicago. Rights and Duties of Neighboring Churches; Thoughts on Christian Doctrine; History of Framingham; Antiquities of Wisconsin.

=Bartholow, Roberts.= Md., 1831- ----. A physician and medical professor of Philadelphia. Materia Medica and Therapeutics; Practice of Medicine; Medical Electricity; The Antagonism between Medicines and between Remedies and Diseases. Ap. Lip.

=Bartlett, Elisha.= R. I., 1804-1855. A Rhode Island physician. The Fevers of the United States; Simple Settings in Verse for Portraits and Pictures in Mr. Dickens’s Gallery.

=Bartlett, John.= Ms., 1820- ----. Formerly a Boston publisher, well known as the editor of Familiar Quotations, which reached a ninth edition in 1891; The Shakespeare Phrase-Book; A Complete Concordance to Shakespeare. Lit. Mac.

=Bartlett, John Russell.= R. I., 1805-1886. At one time Secretary of State in Rhode Island. Records of the Colony of Rhode Island; Memoir of Rhode Island Officers in the War of the Rebellion; Primeval Man; Genealogy of the Russell Family; Dictionary of Americanisms; Progress of Ethnology. He edited the Letters of Roger Williams. Lit.

=Bartlett, Joseph.= Ms., 1762-1827. A satirical poet whose New Vicar of Bray once attracted considerable attention.

=Bartlett, Samuel Colcord.= N. H., 1817-1898. President of Dartmouth College 1877-92. Life and Death Eternal, a Refutation of the Doctrine of Annihilation; Future Punishment; From Egypt to Palestine: observations of a Journey; Sources of History in the Pentateuch. See The Forum, vol. 2. Har.

=Bartlett, William Holms Chambers.= Pa., 1804-1893. A prominent scientist, who was from 1834-71 an instructor at West Point. Treatise on Optics; Analytical Mechanics; Spherical Astronomy.

=Bartol, Cyrus Augustus.= Me., 1813-1900. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, prominent as a leader of radical religious thought. Pictures of Europe; Christian Spirit and Life; Radical Problems; The Rising Faith; Principles and Portraits; Church and Congregation; Christian Body and Form. A. U. A. Rob.

=Barton, Benjamin Smith.= Pa., 1766-1815. A once noted physician of Philadelphia. Observations on Some Parts of Natural History; New Views on the Origin of the Tribes of North America; Elements of Botany.

=Barton, William Paul Crillon.= Pa., 1786-1856. Nephew of B. S. Barton, supra. He organized the United States Naval Bureau of Medicine and Surgery, and was known both as botanist and surgeon. Vegetable Materia Medica of the United States; Flora of North America; Medical Botany; Compendium Floræ Philadelphiæ.

=Bartram, John.= Pa., 1699-1777. “The Father of American Botany.” A shrewd, careful observer whom Linnæus termed “the greatest natural botanist in the world.” Observations on the Inhabitants, Climate, etc., as made by Mr. John Bartram in his Travels from Pennsylvania to Onondaga, etc. A similar record of travels in eastern Florida appeared in 1766. See Memorials of, by Darlington, 1849.

=Bartram, William.= Pa., 1739-1823. Son of J. Bartram, supra. A botanist and traveller of Pennsylvania. Travel Through North and South Carolina, Georgia, etc.; Observations on the Creek and Cherokee Indians.

=Bascom, Henry Bidleman.= N. Y., 1796-1850. A bishop of the Methodist church. Sermons from the Pulpit; Mental and Moral Science; Methodism and Slavery. See Life by Heuhle, 1854; Methodist Quarterly, vol. 45.

=Bascom, John.= N. Y., 1827- ----. A philosophical writer, from 1874-87, president of Wisconsin University, subsequently professor of political science at Williams College. Elements of Psychology; Æsthetics; Political Economy for Colleges; Science, Philosophy, and Religion; Natural Theology; The Science of Mind; The Words of Christ; Philosophy of English Literature; Comparative Psychology; Problems in Philosophy; Sociology, Social Theory; Ethics; The New Theology; Historical Interpretation of Philosophy; A Philosophy of Religion. Cr. Put.

=Bassett, James.= Ont., 1834- ----. A Presbyterian missionary in Persia. Hymns in Persian; Among the Turcomans; Persia, the Land of the Imams: a Narrative of Travel; Grammatical Note on the Simnuni Dialects of the Persian. Scr.

=Batchelor, George.= Ct., 1836- ----. A Unitarian clergyman. Social Equilibrium and Other Problems, Ethical and Religious. El.

=Bates, Arlo.= Me., 1850- ----. Professor of English literature in Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and novelist. Talks on Writing English; The Pagans; Patty’s Perversities; A Wheel of Fire; In the Bundle of Time; A Lad’s Love; The Philistines; A Book o’ Nine Tales. His verse includes Berries of the Brier; Sonnets in Shadow; A Poet and his Self; Told in the Gate; The Torch-Bearers; Under the Beech-Tree. Ho. Hou. Rob. Scr.

=Bates, Charlotte Fiske.= See Rogé.

=Bates, Mrs. Clara [Doty].= Mch., 1838-1895. A writer of juvenile tales. Classics of Babyland Versified; Child Lore; On the Way to Wonderland; Heart’s Content. Lo.

=Bates, Mrs. Harriet Leonora [Vose].= “Eleanor Putnam.” It., 1856-1886. Wife of A. Bates, supra. A Woodland Wooing; Old Salem; Prince Vance (with A. Bates).

=Bates, Katherine Lee.= Ms., 1859- ----. A professor of literature at Wellesley College. The English Religious Drama; Hermit Island: a Story for Girls. Lo. Mac.

=Bates, Mrs. Margret Holmes [Ernsperger].= O., 1844- ----. A fiction-writer of Indianapolis. Manitou; The Chamber Over the Gate.

=Bates, Samuel Penniman.= Ms., 1827-190-. A Pennsylvania educator of note. Mental and Moral Culture; Liberal Education; History of Pennsylvania Volunteers; History of the Colleges of Pennsylvania.

=Batterson, Hermon Griswold.= Ct., 1827-1903. An Episcopal clergyman of Philadelphia. The Missionary Tune Book; The Churchman’s Hymn Book; Christmas Carols and Other Verses; The Pathway of Faith; A Sketch Book of the American Episcopate. Lip.

=Baxley, Isaac Rieman.= Md., 1850- ----. A California versifier whose thought as a whole gains nothing by being expressed in verse. The Temple of Alanthur; The Prophet and Other Poems; Songs of the Spirit; The Bank of Mist.

=Baxter, James Phinney.= Me., 1831- ----. An historical writer of Portland, Maine. George Cleves of Casco Bay, 1630-67; Sir Ferdinando Gorges and his Province of Maine; Idyls of the Year, a collection of verse.

=Baxter, Lydia.= N. Y., 1809-1874. Gems by the Wayside, a collection of poems. The hymn, The Gates Ajar, is by her.

=Baxter, Sylvester.= Ms., 1850- ----. A journalist of Boston, prominent in exploiting the Metropolitan Park system. The Cruise of a Land Yacht, a Boy’s Book of Mexican Travel. Lit.

=Baxter, William.= E., 1820- ----. A clergyman of Cincinnati, whose War Lyrics as originally published in Harper’s Weekly were once widely popular. The Loyal West in the Times of the Rebellion; Pea Ridge and Prairie Grove, or Scenes and Incidents of the War in Arkansas. Meth.

=Bayley, James Roosevelt.= N. Y., 1814-1877. A clergyman who entered the Roman Catholic Church from the Episcopal and became archbishop of Baltimore. History of the Catholic Church of New York; Memoirs of Bruté, First Bishop of Vincennes; Pastorals for the People.

=Baylies, Francis.= Ms., 1783-1852. An eminent lawyer of Taunton, Massachusetts. Historical Memoir of the Colony of New Plymouth.

=Baylor, Frances Courtenay.= See Barnum, Mrs.

=Beach, David Nelson.= N. J., 1848- ----. A prominent Congregational clergyman of Cambridge, and, since 1895, of Minneapolis. The Newer Religious Thinking; How we Rose; Plain Words on Our Lord’s Work; The Intent of Jesus. Lit. Rob.

=Beal, William James.= Mch., 1833- ----. A botanical professor in the Michigan Agricultural College from 1870. The New Botany; The Grasses of North America.

=Beale, Mrs. Maria [Taylor].= Va., 1849- ----. A novelist of Arden, North Carolina. Jack O’Doon. Ho.

=Beard, George Miller.= Ct., 1839-1883. A New York physician. American Nervous Diseases: Causes and Consequences; The Scientific Basis of Delusions; Clinical Researches in Electro-Surgery; Medical Uses of Electricity; Physiology of Mind-Reading; Stimulants and Narcotics; Psychology of the Salem Witchcraft and its Practical Application in Our Own Time. Some works of lesser note. Har. Wo.

=Beardsley, Eben Edwards.= Ct., 1808-1891. An Episcopal clergyman of New Haven. History of the Episcopal Church in Connecticut; Lives of Samuel Johnson, the First President of King’s College, New York, William Samuel Johnson, President of Columbia College, and Samuel Seabury, Bishop of Connecticut. Hou.

=Beasley, Frederick.= N. C., 1777-1845. An Episcopal clergyman who was provost of the University of Pennsylvania. An Examination of the Oxford Divinity; Search of Truth in the Science of the Human Mind; Reply to Dr. Channing.

=Beck, Theodric Romeyn.= N. Y., 1791-1855. A medical writer of Albany. Elements of Medical Jurisprudence (with J. B. Beck).

=Becker, George Ferdinand.= N. Y., 1847- ----. A geologist in the United States service. Geology of the Comstock Lode; Atomic Weight Determinations; Geometrical Value of Volcanic Cones; A New Law of Thermo-Chemistry; Geology of the Quicksilver Deposits of the Pacific Slope. Several lesser works.

=Beckett, Sylvester Breakmore.= Me., 1812-1882. An author and publisher of Portland, Maine. Hester, the Bride of the Islands, a Poem; Guide Book of the Atlantic and St. Lawrence.

=Bedell= [bē-dĕll´], =Gregory Thurston.= N. Y., 1817-1892. The third Protestant Episcopal bishop of Ohio, and a valued writer of the evangelical school. The Divinity of Christ; The Profit of Godliness; Pastoral Theology; Principles of Pastorship; The Age of Indifference; Episcopacy; Fact and Law. A few minor works.

=Bedell, Gregory Townsend.= N. Y., 1793-1834. Father of G. T. Bedell, supra. An Episcopal clergyman of Philadelphia, once famous as a preacher. Renunciation; Ezekiel’s Vision; Sermons were his chief works. See Life by Tyng, 1836.

=Beecher, Catherine Esther.= L. I., 1800-1878. Daughter of L. Beecher, infra. A New England educator of much celebrity at one time, who wrote with the ardour of sincerest conviction. Domestic Economy; Physiology and Calisthenics; Letters to the People; Religious Training of Children; Domestic Service, True Remedy for the Wrongs of Woman. See Mrs. Hale’s Woman’s Record. Har.

=Beecher, Charles.= Ct., 1815-1900. Son of L. Beecher, infra. A Congregational clergyman. Patmos; Pen Pictures of the Bible; The Eden Tableau; Redeemer and Redeemed. He edited his father’s Life and Correspondence. Har. Le.

=Beecher, Edward.= L. I., 1803-1895. Son of L. Beecher, infra. A Congregational clergyman of Illinois, and later of Brooklyn, whose attainments must be considered as the most solid of those of any of the famous children of Lyman Beecher. In his Conflict of Ages (1853) was struck the earliest note of the liberal theology now dominant in the Congregational churches. The more important of his other works include Papal Conspiracy Exposed; Baptism; History of Opinions on the Scriptural Doctrine of Future Retribution. Ap.

=Beecher, Mrs. Eunice White [Bullard].= Ms., 1812-1897. Wife of H. W. Beecher, infra. From Dawn to Daylight: a Simple Story; Motherly Talks with Young Housekeepers; All around the House, or How to Make Homes Happy; Letters from Florida; Mr. Beecher as I Knew Him. Ap.

=Beecher, Henry Ward.= Ct., 1813-1887. Son of Lyman Beecher, infra. A Congregational clergyman widely famous as the pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, 1847-87. He was an earnest, large-hearted man, though not a deep thinker, and his cheerful influence upon middle-class American thought was very extensive. His literary work can hardly be said to possess enduring excellence, and much of it is already forgotten, graphic and picturesque as it often is. Eyes and Ears; Life Thoughts; Star Papers; Yale Lectures on Preaching; Lectures to Young Men; Speeches on the American Rebellion; Doctrinal Beliefs and Unbeliefs; Life of Jesus the Christ. His only novel, Norwood, is a collection of successful character studies rather than a finished story. See Parton’s Famous Americans; Lives by Lyman Abbott, 1883; J. Howard, 1887; Barrows, 1893; Henry Ward Beecher: a Study, 1891; Mr. Beecher as I Knew Him, by his wife; North American Review, vol. 144. Ap. Fo. Har.

=Beecher, Lyman.= Ct., 1775-1863. A Congregational clergyman of wide fame. While in Boston he was a zealous opponent of Unitarianism, and as president of Lane Theological Seminary at Cincinnati was noted as an outspoken enemy of slavery. He was a bold thinker, much in advance of his contemporaries. Sermons on Temperance; Views in Theology; Scepticism; Political Atheism. See Life and Correspondence, edited by Charles Beecher, 1864. Har.

=Beecher, Thomas Kinnicut.= Ct., 1824-1900. Son of L. Beecher, supra. A Congregational clergyman of Elmira, N. Y. Our Seven Churches.

=Beecher, Willis Judson.= O., 1838- ----. A professor of Hebrew in the Auburn Theological Seminary. Farmer Tompkins and his Bible; Drill Lessons in Hebrew; Testimony of the Historical Books.

=Beers, Mrs. Ethelinda [Eliot].= “Ethel Lynn.” N. J., 1827-1879. General Frankie, a juvenile tale; All Quiet Along the Potomac and Other Poems. Co.

=Beers, Henry Augustin.= N. Y., 1847- ----. A professor of English literature at Yale University. The Ways of Yale; A Suburban Pastoral and Other Stories; From Chaucer to Tennyson; Life of N. P. Willis, infra; Outline Sketch of English Literature; Initial Studies in American Letters. Verse: Odds and Ends; The Thankless Muse. Fl. Ho. Hou. Meth.

=Belcher, Joseph.= E., 1794-1859. A Baptist clergyman of Philadelphia, who came thither from England in 1844. His complete works number over 200 volumes. Among them are The Baptist Pulpit of the United States; The Clergy of America; History of Religious Denominations in the United States; Hymns and their Authors.

=Belknap= [bĕl´năp], =Jeremy.= Ms., 1744-1798. A Congregational clergyman of Boston, whose History of New Hampshire ranks as the best among local State histories, and is accurate as it is entertaining. His other works include American Biographies; The Foresters: an American Tale. See Atlantic Monthly, vol. 67.

=Bell, Charles Henry.= N. H., 1823-1893. A New Hampshire lawyer and Congressman, governor of his State, 1881-83. The Bench and Bar of New Hampshire. Hou.

=Bell, John.= I., 1796-1872. A physician and medical lecturer, among whose writings are Health and Beauty; Regimen and Longevity.

=Bell, Lilian.= Ky., 1867- ----. A Chicago novelist. The Love Affairs of An Old Maid; A Little Sister to the Wilderness. Har. St.

=Bell, Zura.= See Williamson, Julia.

=Bellamy, Charles Joseph.= Ms., 1852- ----. A journalist of Springfield, Massachusetts. The Breton Mills: a Novel; Everybody’s Lawyer; The Way Out: Suggestions for Social Reform. Put.

=Bellamy, Edward.= Ms., 1850-1898. Brother of C. J. Bellamy, supra. A socialist reformer whose Utopian theories embodied in the tale Looking Backward, 2000-1887, have been very widely read, and have resulted in the formation of several societies and communities that endeavour to put some of them in practice. His other works include Six to One: a Nantucket Idyl; Dr. Heidenhoff’s Process, a novel; Miss Ludington’s Sister: a Romance of Immortality; Equality; The Blindman’s World, and Other Stories; The Duke of Stockbridge. Ap. Hou.

=Bellamy, Mrs. Elizabeth Whitfield [Croom].= “Kamba Thorpe.” Fl., 1838-1900. A novelist of Mobile. Four Oaks; Little Joanna; Penny Lancaster Farmer; Old Man Gilbert; The Luck of the Pendennings. Ap.

=Bellamy, Joseph.= Ct., 1719-1790. A Congregational minister of the Edwards school, settled at Bethlehem, Connecticut, for a half century. He founded a divinity school in his parish, and trained many men there who were afterwards famous among New England ministers. True Religion Delineated; The Law our Schoolmaster; The Half-Way Covenant; The Nature and Glory of the Gospel, are a few of his publications. See Bibliotheca Sacra, vol. 43; Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit.

=Bellamy, William.= Ms., 1846- ----. A Boston writer who has published, in verse, A Century of Charades; A Second Century of Charades. Hou.

=Bellows, Henry Whitney.= N. H., 1814-1882. A Unitarian clergyman of prominence in New York city, well known at one time as the president of the United States Sanitary Commission. Restatements of Christian Doctrine; Sermons; Relation of Public Amusements to Public Morality; The Old World in its New Face. See Unitarian Review, vol. 67. A. U. A. Har.

=Belrose, Louis.= Pa., 1845-1894. A writer whose only published work of note is Thorns and Flowers, a volume of verse.

=Bemis, Edward Webster.= Ms., 1860- ----. A professor of economics in the University of Chicago. History of Co-operation in the United States; Municipal Ownership of Gas in the United States.

=Bender, Prosper.= Q., 1844- ----. A Canadian physician, a littérateur, who since 1883 has practiced his profession in Boston. Old and New Canada; Literary Sheaves, or La Littérature au Canada-Français.

=Benedict, David.= Ct., 1779-1874. A Baptist clergyman of Pawtucket. History of the Baptists; History of All Religions; Fifty Years Among the Baptists; Compendium of Ecclesiastical History; History of the Donatists, comprise his principal works.

=Benedict, Erastus Cornelius.= Ct., 1800-1880. A jurist of New York city. The American Admiralty: its Jurisdiction and Practice.

=Benedict, Frank Lee.= N. Y., 1834- ----. A novelist of New York city. Miss Van Kortland; My Daughter Elinor; The Price She Paid; John Worthington’s Name; Miss Dorothy’s Charge; St. Simon’s Niece; ’Twixt Hammer and Anvil; Her Friend Laurence; A Late Remorse; Madame; The Shadow-Worshipper and Other Poems. Har. Lip.

=Benezet, Anthony.= F., 1713-1784. A Quaker philanthropist of Philadelphia, whose tracts on slavery first aroused the attention of Clarkson and Wilberforce to the subject. See Memoir by R. Vaux, 1817.

=Benjamin, Judah Philip.= W. I., 1811-1884. A prominent New Orleans lawyer who became attorney-general of the Confederacy during the Civil War. At its close he went to England, and speedily became eminent in his profession there. His Treatise on the Law of Sale of Personal Property is the standard work on the subject. See The Athenæum, vol. 88.

=Benjamin, Park.= B. G., 1809-1864. A poet and journalist of New York city, whose verse, mainly lyrical in character, has not been collected. The Old Sexton is the best remembered example.

=Benjamin, Park, Jr.= N. Y., 1849- ----. Son of P. Benjamin, supra. A New York lawyer whose specialty is patent law. Shakings: Etchings for the Naval Academy; Wrinkles and Receipts: Suggestions for the Mechanic, Engineer, etc.; The Age of Electricity; The Intellectual Rise in Electricity: a History. Ap. Scr. Wil.

=Benjamin, Samuel Green Wheeler.= Gr., 1837- ----. A contributor to the field of general literature; at one period minister to Persia. Art in America; Contemporary Art in Europe; The Atlantic Islands; Troy: its Legend, Literature, and Topography; A Group of Etchers; Persia and the Persians; The Story of Persia; The Cruise of the Alice May in the Gulf of St. Lawrence; Sea Spray, or Facts and Fancies of a Yachtsman. Ap. Har. Hou. Lo. Scr.

=Bennett, Charles Wesley.= N. Y., 1828-1891. A Methodist clergyman prominent in educational matters. National Education in Italy, France, Germany, England, and Wales, Popularly Considered; Christian Art and Archæology of the First Six Centuries. Meth.

=Bennett, De Robique Mortimer.= N. Y., 1818-1882. A noted free-thinker who was several times arrested and imprisoned on account of his extreme views. The World’s Reformers; Champions of the Church; From Behind the Bars; An Infidel Abroad; A Truth Seeker Around the World.

=Bennett, Edmund Hatch.= Vt., 1824-1898. A New England jurist, dean of the Boston University Law School. English Law and Equity Reports; Fire Insurance Cases; Leading Cases in Criminal Law. He has also edited many legal works of importance. Hou.

=Bennett, Emerson.= Ms., 1822- ----. A Philadelphia writer of sensational romances quite worthless as literature, but which have been very popular. Prairie Flower, Leni Leoti, are perhaps the most noted of his fifty or more novels.

=Bensel, James Berry.= N. Y., 1856-1886. A verse-writer whose lines are often musical and pathetic, though sometimes lacking in finish. In the King’s Garden, and Other Poems; King Cophetua’s Wife, a novel. Lo.

=Benson, Carl.= See Bristed.

=Benson, Egbert.= N. Y., 1746-1833. A jurist and politician. Vindication of the Captors of Major André; Memoir on Dutch Names of Places.

=Benson, Eugene.= N. Y., 1840- ----. An American artist long resident in Italy. Gaspara Stampa, a biography; Art and Nature in Italy. Rob.

=Benton, Joel.= N. Y., 1832- ----. A verse-writer and critic. Under the Apple Boughs, a collection of verse; Emerson as a Poet. Ho.

=Benton, Thomas Hart.= N. C., 1782-1858. An eminent statesman who represented Missouri in the United States Senate for 30 years. His political writing is notable for its simple, direct style and absence of invective. Speeches; Thirty Years’ View; History of the Workings of Congress, 1820-50; Abridgment of the Debates of Congress, 1789-1856. See Life by T. Roosevelt. Ap.

=Berard, Augusta Blanche.= N. Y., 1824-1901. An educational writer of West Point. School History of the United States; School History of England; Manual of Spanish Art and Literature; Reminiscences of West Point in the Olden Time.

=Berg, Joseph Frederick.= W. I., 1812-1871. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Philadelphia and a once noted controversialist. Lectures on Romanism; Rome’s Policy towards the Bible are among his writings.

=Berg, Louis de Coppet.= N. Y., 1856- ----. An architect and civil engineer of New York city, who has published a valuable work on Safe Building.

=Bergh, Henry.= N. Y., 1823-1888. A New York philanthropist who founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. The Streets of New York, a volume of sketches; Love’s Alternative, a drama; Married Off, a poem.

=Bernheim, Gotthardt Dellman.= 1827- ----. A Lutheran clergyman at Phillipsburg, New Jersey, from 1883. The Success of God’s Work; Localities of the Reformation; History of the German Settlements in North and South Carolina.

=Berrian, William.= 1787-1862. An Episcopal clergyman who was rector of Trinity Church, New York city, 1830-62. Travels in France and Italy; Devotions for the Sick Room; On Communion; Enter thy Closet; The Sailors’ Manual; Recollections of Departed Friends; Family and Private Prayers; Historical Sketch of Trinity Church.

=Bessey, Charles Edwin.= O., 1845- ----. A botanical professor in the University of Nebraska. Geography of Iowa; Botany for High Schools and Colleges; The Essentials of Botany. Ho.

=Bethune= [beh-thoon´], =George Washington.= N. Y., 1805-1862. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Brooklyn of considerable note as a preacher. Orations and Discourses; Fruits of the Spirit; History of a Penitent; Lays of Love and Faith, a volume of verse, are some of his works. He was an ardent fisherman, and edited Walton’s Complete Angler. See Memoir by Van Nest.

=Betts, Craven Langstroth.= N. B., 1853- ----. Songs from Béranger; The Perfume Holder: A Persian Love Poem; co-author with A. W. H. Eaton (infra) of Tales of a Garrison Town. Sto.

=Beverley, Robert.= Va., 1675-1716. A writer whose one work, a History of the Present State of Virginia, 1705, is full of life and vigour. In it occurs the phrase “the almighty power of gold,” which anticipates Irving’s “almighty dollar.” See Tyler’s American Literature; Jameson’s Historical Writing in America, pp. 62-67.

=Bianciardi, Mrs. Elizabeth Dickinson [Rice].= Ms., c. 1833-1885. At Home in Italy. Hou.

=Bickmore, Albert Smith.= Me., 1839- ----. An ethnologist, since 1885 the curator of the American Museum of Natural History in New York city. Travels in the East Indian Archipelago; The Ainos or Hairy Men of Jesso, Saghalien, etc.; Sketch of a Journey from Canton to Hankow.

=Biddle, Anthony Joseph Drexel.= Pa., 1874- ----. A journalist and publisher of Philadelphia. A Dual Role, and Other Stories; An Allegory and Three Essays; The Madeira Islands; The Froggy Fairy Book.

=Biddle, Charles John.= Pa., 1819-1873. Son of N. Biddle, infra. An officer in the United States Army, and afterwards a journalist in Philadelphia, who is best known by his careful monograph, The Case of Major André.

=Biddle, Nicholas.= Pa., 1786-1844. A financier of Philadelphia famous in political history as the president of the United States Bank. A Commercial Digest; History of the Expedition under Lewis and Clark to the Missouri River. See Memoir, by Conrad.

=Biddle, Richard.= Pa., 1796-1847. Brother of N. Biddle, supra. A lawyer of Philadelphia. Memoir of Sebastian Cabot, with a Review of the History of Maritime Discovery.

=Bigelow, Mrs. Edith Evelyn [Jaffray].= N. Y., 1861- ----. Wife of P. Bigelow, infra. Diplomatic Disenchantments, a novel. Har.

=Bigelow, Erastus Brigham.= Ms., 1814-1879. A noted New England inventor of carpet looms. The Tariff Question considered in regard to the Policy of England and the Interest of the United States; The Tariff Policy of England and United States Contrasted.

=Bigelow, Jacob.= Ms., 1787-1879. A famous physician of Boston who established Mount Auburn cemetery. History of Mount Auburn; A Brief Exposition of Rational Medicine; Modern Inquiries, classical, professional, and miscellaneous; Remarks on Classical and Utilitarian Studies; American Medical Botany; Nature in Disease. See Memoir, by Ellis.

=Bigelow, John.= N. Y., 1817- ----. A prominent New York journalist, at one time United States Minister to France. Life of Benjamin Franklin; Life of William Cullen Bryant; Life of Samuel Tilden; Jamaica in 1850; Les États Unis d’Amérique en 1863; Some Recollections of Antoine Pierre Berryer; France and Hereditary Monarchy; Wit and Wisdom of the Haytiens; Molinos the Quietist; France and the Confederate Navy: an International Episode; The Mystery of Sleep. He has edited complete editions of the works of Franklin and Tilden. Har. Hou. Lip. Scr.

=Bigelow, John, Jr.= N. Y., 1854- ----. Son of John Bigelow, supra. A United States cavalry officer. The Principles of Strategy, illustrated chiefly from American Campaigns. Lip.

=Bigelow, Melville Madison.= Mch., 1846- ----. A lawyer and law lecturer of Boston. The Law of Bills; English Procedure in the Norman Period; The Law of Fraud; Elements of Equity; Elements of the Law of Torts; Placita Anglo-Normannica: Law Cases from William I. to Richard I.; Law of Wills, Notes, and Cheques; The Law of Fraud on its Civil Side; The Law of Estoppel and its Application to Practice; Leading Cases in the Law of Torts, comprise his principal works. He has also edited the 8th edition of Story’s Conflict of Laws, and published a volume of original verse, Rhymes of a Barrister. Hou. Lit.

=Bigelow, Poultney.= N. Y., 1855- ----. Son of John Bigelow, supra. The German Emperor and his Eastern Neighbors; The Borderland of Czar and Kaiser; History of the German Struggle for Liberty; White Man’s Africa; The Children of the Nations. Har.

=Biglow, William.= Ms., 1773-1844. An educator of Boston. History of Natick; History of Sherburne; The Youth’s Library; Introduction to the Making of Latin.

=Billings, John Shaw.= Ind., 1838- ----. Formerly surgeon U. S. A. Upon the consolidation of the New York city libraries, he was made chief librarian. His chief work is a voluminous Index Catalogue of the Library of the Surgeon-General’s office. Others are Hygienics of the United States Army Barracks; Mortality and Vital Statistics of the United States Army.

=Billings, Josh.= See Shaw, Henry.

=Binney, Amos.= Ms., 1803-1847. A once prominent physician and naturalist of Boston. Terrestrial Air-Breathing Mollusks of the United States.

=Binney, Horace.= Pa., 1780-1875. A noted jurist of Philadelphia. Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 1799-1814; Leaders of the Old Bar of Philadelphia; Inquiry into the Formation of Washington’s Farewell Address.

=Binney, William Greene.= Ms., 1833- ----. Son of A. Binney, supra. A well-known conchologist of Burlington, New Jersey. Besides completing his father’s work on mollusks he has written Bibliography of North American Conchology; Land and Fresh Water Shells of North America; Catalogues of the Terrestrial Air-Breathing Mollusks of North America.

=Bird, Frederick Mayer.= Pa., 1838- ----. Son of R. M. Bird, infra. An Episcopal clergyman widely known as an hymnologist. He has edited The Lutheran Ministerium Hymns (with Smucker); Songs of the Spirit (with Bishop Odenheimer); published Charles Wesley seen in his Finer and Less Familiar Pieces; and contributed extensively to the critical literature of his subject.

=Bird, Robert Montgomery.= Del., 1803-1854. A romantic novelist of Philadelphia whose Nick of the Woods was his most popular work. His two Mexican stories, Calavar: a Knight of the Conquest; The Infidel, or the Fall of Mexico, were commended by the historian Prescott. His other works include Peter Pilgrim, a collection of Tales and Sketches, notable as containing almost the earliest description of the Mammoth Cave; Sheppard Lee; The Hawks of Hawk Hollow; Adventures of Robin Day; and three successful dramas, The Broker of Bogota; Oraoosa; The Gladiator.

=Birney, James Gillespie.= Ky., 1792-1857. A statesman famous for his opposition to slavery. Ten Letters on Slavery and Colonization; Addresses and Speeches; American Churches the Bulwarks of American Slavery, are among his writings. See Nation, vol. 50; Birney and his Times, by W. Birney.

=Bishop, Joel Prentiss.= N. Y., 1814-1901. An eminent jurist of Boston. Commentaries on Criminal Law; Marriage and Divorce; The Law of Married Women; Thoughts for the Times; First Book of The Law; Directions and Forms; Criminal Procedure; Statutory Crimes; Prosecution and Defence; The Written Laws, are among the more important works of his. Lit.

=Bishop, Nathaniel Holmes.= Ms., 1837-1902. A writer of entertaining travels. A Thousand Miles’ Walk across South America; The Voyage of the Paper Canoe; Four Months in a Sneak Box. Le.

=Bishop, Robert Hamilton.= S., 1777-1855. A Presbyterian clergyman of Ohio, president of Miami University, 1824-41. Sermons; Elements of Logic; Philosophy of the Bible; Science of Government; Western Peacemaker; Memoirs of David Rice.

=Bishop, William Henry.= Ct., 1847- ----. A novelist and professor in Yale University. Fish and Men in the Maine Islands; A Househunter in Europe; Writing to Rosina: a novelette; A Pound of Cure: a Story of Monte Carlo; Detmold; The House of a Merchant Prince; The Golden Justice; Choy Susan and Other Stories; The Brown Stone Boy and Other Queer People; Old Mexico and her Lost Provinces, a volume of travel; The Garden of Eden. Cas. Cent. Har. Ho. Hou. Ke. Scr.

=Bisland, Elizabeth.= See Wetmore, Mrs.

=Bissell, Edwin Cone.= N. Y., 1832-1894. A Congregational clergyman of Chicago. Analysis of the Codes; The Historic Origin of the Bible; The Pentateuch: its Origin and Structure; Biblical Antiquities; Practical Introductory Hebrew Grammar; Genesis Printed in Colours, showing original sources of compilation. Fu. Ran. Scr.

=Bixby, James Thompson.= N. Y., 1843- ----. A Unitarian clergyman of Yonkers, New York. Similarities of Physical and Religious Knowledge, reprinted with the title Religion and Science as Allies; The Crisis in Morals. Ap. Rob.

=Bixby, John Munson.= “E. Grayson.” Ct., 1800-1876. A lawyer of New York city, whose two novels were issued under a pseudonym. Standish the Puritan; Overing, or the Heir of Wycherly.

=Black, Alexander.= N. Y., 1859- ----. A Brooklyn journalist, literary editor of the Brooklyn Times. The Story of Ohio; Photography Indoors and Out; Miss Jerry, a Picture Play. Hou. Lo. Scr.

=Black, James.= Pa., 1823-1894. A noted Pennsylvania advocate of temperance who was the presidential nominee of the prohibitionists in 1872. Is Prohibition a Necessity; History of the Prohibition Party; The Prohibition Party.

=Black, James Rush.= S., 1827- ----. An Ohio physician, since 1876 a professor of hygiene in the medical college of Columbus. Ten Laws of Health, a valuable work on hygiene; Guide to Protection against Epidemic Disease.

=Black, Warren Columbus.= Mi., 1843- ----. A Methodist clergyman of Mississippi. Temperance and Teetotalism; Christian Womanhood.

=Black, William Henry.= Ind., 1854- ----. A Presbyterian clergyman of St. Louis. God our Father; Womanhood; Sermons for the Sunday School.

=Blackburn, William Maxwell.= Ind., 1828-1900. A Presbyterian clergyman, since 1886 president of Pierre University, South Dakota. Among his many works, chiefly on religion and biography, are History of the Christian Church; Geneva’s Shield; Exiles of Madeira; Judas the Maccabee; The Rebel Prince; College Days of Calvin; Young Calvin in Paris; St. Patrick and the Early Irish Church; Admiral Coligny and the Rise of the Huguenots; The Theban Legion; and the Uncle Alick series of juvenile tales. Meth.

=Blackwell, Mrs. Antoinette Louisa [Brown].= N. Y., 1825- ----. A Unitarian minister prominent in the woman-suffrage movement. Studies in General Science; The Market Woman; The Island Neighbours: a novel of American life; The Sexes Throughout Nature; The Physical Basis of Immortality; The Philosophy of Individuality. Har.

=Blackwell, Elizabeth.= E., 1821- ----. A physician of New York city who, with her sister Emily, organized the woman’s medical college of the New York Infirmary. Laws of Life, or the Physical Education of Girls; Counsel to Parents in the Moral Education of their Children; Pioneer Work in opening the Medical Profession to Women. Lgs.

=Blaikie, William.= N. Y., 1843-1904. A lawyer and athlete of New York city. How to Get Strong; Sound Bodies for our Boys and Girls. Har.

=Blaine, James Gillespie.= Pa., 1830-1893. A very prominent Republican leader who was an unsuccessful candidate for the presidency in 1884. Twenty Years of Congress, an able and reasonably impartial work; Eulogy on James Abram Garfield. See Appleton’s American Biography, vol. 1, and Annual Cyclopedia, 1893; Lives, by Cressey, 1884; Balestier, 1884; Ramsdell; Dodge, 1895; Mr. Blaine and his Foreign Policy, 1884; North American Review, vol. 147.

=Blair, Andrew Alexander.= Ky., 1846- ----. A chemist of Philadelphia. The Chemical Analysis of Iron; Methods in Analysis of Iron, Steel, Copper, and Alloys of Copper, Zinc, and Tin. Lip.

=Blair, Mrs. Eliza [Nelson].= N. H., 1859- ----. A writer of Manchester, New Hampshire. Her novel, ’Lisbeth Wilson, gives an excellent picture of New Hampshire rural life a half century ago. Le.

=Blair, James.= S., 1656-1743. An Episcopal clergyman of Virginia who founded William and Mary College, and was its president for 50 years. The State of His Majesty’s Colony in Virginia; Our Saviour’s Divine Sermon on the Mount, a series of 117 sermons written in a simple, unornamental style; moderate in tone and very much to the point. See Tyler’s American Literature.

=Blake, Mrs. Euphemia [Vale].= E., 1824-1904. Daughter of G. Vale, infra. Teeth, Ether, and Chloroform; History of Newburyport; Arctic Experiences, a history of the Polaris Expedition.

=Blake, James Vila.= N. Y., 1842- ----. A Unitarian clergyman of Chicago. Poems; Essays; A Grateful Spirit; Anchor of the Soul; St. Solifer; Legends from Story Land. Ke.

=Blake, John Lauris.= N. H., 1788-1857. An Episcopal clergyman of Boston long prominent as an educator. Text Book of Geography and Chronology; Family Encyclopædia of Agriculture and Domestic Economy; Farmer’s Every-Day Book; Modern Farmer; Letters on Confirmation; General Biographical Dictionary; Book of Nature Laid Open; Wonders of the Earth; Wonders of Art.

=Blake, Mrs. Lillie [Devereux] [Umstead].= N. C., 1835- ----. A prominent advocate of woman-suffrage. Fettered for Life; Southwold; Rockford; Woman’s Place To-Day; The Hypocrite, or Sketches of American Society.

=Blake, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth [McGrath].= I., 1840- ----. A Boston writer of prose and verse. Poems; Youth in Twelve Centuries; Verses by the Way. Her prose includes On the Wing, sketches of American travel; A Summer Holiday: travel experiences in Europe; Mexico: Picturesque, Political, Progressive (with Mrs. Sullivan, infra). Hou. Le.

=Blake, William Phipps.= N. Y., 1826- ----. A mineralogist of prominence. Silver Ores and Silver Mines; California Minerals; Production of the Precious Metals; Iron and Steel; Ceramic Art and Glass; History of Hamden, Ct.; Life of Captain Jonathan Mix.

=Blauvelt, Augustus.= N. Y., 1832- ----. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of New Jersey, deposed from the ministry on account of his liberal doctrinal views embodied in papers in the Century Magazine. The Kingdom of Satan; The Present Religious Crisis.

=Blavatsky, Helene Petrovna [Hahn-Hahn].= R., 1831-1891. A writer of Russian birth but naturalized in the United States, who visited India, and, embracing Buddhism, founded the Theosophical Society of New York. Isis Unveiled; The Secret Doctrine; Voices of Silence; Key to Theosophy. See Memoirs of, by Sinnett, 1886; Review of Reviews, vol. 3.

=Bledsoe, Albert Taylor.= Ky., 1808-1877. A Southern clergyman who left the Episcopal for the Methodist church, and wrote extensively on metaphysics and mathematics. Liberty and Slavery; Examination of Edwards on the Will; Philosophy of Mathematics; Is Davis a Traitor? or was Secession a Constitutional Right previous to the War of 1861?; Theodicy. Lip. Meth.

=Bliss, Daniel.= Vt., 1826- ----. A Congregational missionary, president of the Protestant college at Beyrout since 1864. Mental Philosophy; Natural Philosophy (in Arabic).

=Bliss, Porter Cornelius.= N. Y., 1838-1885. A journalist and diplomat of some repute as a philologist. The Ethnography of Gran Chaco, a district of Argentina; Historia Secreta de la mision, del ciudadano norte-Americano, Charles A. Washburn, cerca del gobierno de la república del Paraguay; The Conquest of Turkey 1877-78 (with L. Blodgett, infra).

=Bliss, William Dwight Porter.= Iy., 1856- ----. An Episcopal clergyman of Boston, prominent as a leader among Christian Socialists. A Handbook of Socialism; The Social Faith of the Catholic Church; What is Christian Socialism? He has edited The Encyclopædia of Socialism. Fu. Scr.

=Bliss, William Root.= Ct., 1825- ----. A business man of New York city. Side Glimpses from the Colonial Meeting-House; The Old Colony Town and other Sketches; Colonial Times on Buzzard’s Bay; Quaint Nantucket; Paradise in the Pacific. Hou.

=Blodget, Lorin.= N. Y., 1823-1901. An eminent statistician of Philadelphia who published more than 150 volumes, mainly reports upon finance, revenue, and industrial progress. The Climatology of the United States; Commercial and Financial Resources of the United States. Lip.

=Bloede, Gertrude.= “Stuart Sterne.” Sxy., 1845- ----. A poet and novelist of Brooklyn who has usually written under a pseudonym. Angelo; Giorgio and Other Poems; Beyond the Shadow; Pièro da Castiglione, a tale in verse of the time of Savonarola; The Story of Two Lives: a novel. Hou.

=Bloomfield-Moore, Mrs. Clara Sophia [Jessup].= Pa., 1824-1899. A Philadelphia writer who passed much time abroad, and chiefly in England. Miscellaneous Poems; On Dangerous Ground, a romance of American Society; Sensible Etiquette; Gondaline’s Lesson and Other Poems; Slander and Gossip; The Warden’s Tale and Other Poems. Co.

=Blot, Pierre.= F., 1818-1874. A once noted cooking instructor of New York city. What to Eat and How to Cook It; Lectures on Cookery; Handbook of Practical Cookery. Ap.

=Blunt, Edmond March.= N. H., 1770-1862. A bookseller of Newburyport whose chief work, The American Coast Pilot (1796), is still in use.

=Blunt, George William.= Ms., 1802-1878. Son of E. M. Blunt, supra. Hydrographer. Atlantic Memoir; Sheet Anchor; Harbour Laws of New York; Plan to Avoid the Centre of Violent Gales.

=Blunt, Joseph.= Ms., 1792-1860. Son of E. M. Blunt, supra. A lawyer who was one of the founders of the Republican party. Historical Sketch of the Formation of the American Confederacy; Speeches, Reviews, and Reports; Merchants’ and Shipmasters’ Assistant.

=Boardman, George Dana.= Bh., 1828-1903. A prominent Baptist clergyman of Philadelphia. Coronation of Love; Studies in the Creative Week; Epiphanies of the Risen Lord; Studies in the Mountain Instruction; University Lectures on the Ten Commandments; The Divine Man. Ap. Bap.

=Boardman, Henry Augustus.= N. Y., 1808-1880. A once noted Presbyterian divine of Philadelphia. The Bible in the Family; The Bible in the Counting-House; The Christian Ministry not a Priesthood; Earthly Suffering and Heavenly Glory; A Handful of Corn, are among his writings. Lip. Ran.

=Bogart, William Henry.= N. Y., 1810-1888. A writer of New York state. Life of Daniel Boone; Who Goes There? or Men and Events. Le.

=Bok, Edward William.= H., 1863- ----. Editor of the Ladies’ Home Journal. The Young Man in Business; Successward, a Young Man’s Book for Young Men. Rev.

=Boker, George Henry.= Pa., 1823-1890. A poet and diplomat of Philadelphia, United States Minister to Turkey and Russia successively. His verse is of uneven excellence, but at its best is notably good, as, for example, the familiar Dirge for a Soldier. Of his four tragedies, Calaynos; Anne Boleyn; Lenor de Guzman; Francesca da Rimini, the first and last are the finest, the last having been revived with success in very recent years. His volumes of verse include The Lesson of Life; Poems of War; The Book of the Dead; Königsmark; Street Lyrics; Our Heroic Themes. Plays of lesser rank are The Widow’s Marriage; The Betrothal. See Atlantic Monthly, vol. 65; Lippincott’s Magazine, vol. 45. Lip.

=Bollan, William.= E., 17-- -1776. An English lawyer who settled in Boston in 1740, and was subsequently colonial agent in London for Massachusetts. He was active in its behalf and wrote many political tracts for that end, among which The Mutual Interests of Great Britain and the American Colonies Considered, is a favourable example.

=Boller, Alfred Pancoast.= Pa., 1840- ----. An engineer of note whose specialty is bridge construction. Practical Treatise on the Construction of Iron Highway Bridges; Report on Thames River Bridge. Wil.

=Bolles, Albert Sidney.= Ct., 1845- ----. A political economist of prominence, professor in the University of Pennsylvania. Chapters in Political Economy; The Conflict between Labour and Capital; Industrial History of the United States; Financial History of the United States, 1774-1860; Elements of Commercial Law. Ap.

=Bolles, Frank.= Ms., 1856-1894. A writer of nature studies of the school of Jefferies and Thoreau, though with important differences from either. From Blomidon to Smoky; At the North of Bearcamp Water; Land of the Lingering Snow; Chocorua’s Tenants, a volume of verse. Hou.

=Bolster, William Wheeler.= Me., 1823- ----. A lawyer of Auburn, Maine. Digest of the Law of Tax Titles; The Authority and Duty of Town Officers.

=Bolton, Charles Knowles.= O., 1867- ----. Son of S. K. Bolton, infra; librarian of Brookline, Massachusetts. The Boltons of Old and New England; Gossiping Guide to Harvard; Saskia the Wife of Rembrandt; Notes on Special Collections in American Libraries (with W. C. Lane). Verse: Poems: from Heart and Nature; The Wooing of Martha Pitkin; the Love Story of Ursula Wolcott. Cop. Lam.

=Bolton, Henry Carrington.= N. Y., 1843-1903. Scientist and professor of chemistry at Trinity College. Application of Organic Acids to the Examination of Minerals; Literature of Uranium; Literature of Manganese; Student’s Guide in Quantitative Analysis; Counting-out Rhymes of Children; their Antiquity, Origin, and Wide Distribution. Wil.

=Bolton, Mrs. Sarah [Knowles].= Ct., 1841- ----. A miscellaneous writer of Cleveland whose successive collections of biographical sketches have been extremely popular. Famous Givers and Their Gifts; How Success is Won; Poor Boys who Became Famous; Girls who Became Famous; Famous American Authors; Famous American Statesmen; Successful Women; Social Studies in England; Famous Types of Womanhood; Famous Voyages and Explorers; Famous Leaders among Men; The Inevitable, a collection of pleasing, unpretentious verse. Cr. Lo.

=Bolton, Mrs. Sarah Tittle [Barritt].= Ky., 1820-1893. A writer whose name is kept in mind by her oft quoted poem, Paddle Your Own Canoe. The Songs of a Life Time; Life and Poems of, 1880.

=Bomberger, John Henry Augustus.= Pa., 1817-1890. A German Reformed theologian, president of Ursinus College, 1870-90. Infant Salvation and Baptism; Revised Liturgy; Reformed not Ritualistic.

=Bond, George Phillips.= Ms., 1825-1865. An astronomer of note, professor in Harvard University. On the Construction of the Rings of Saturn; The Method of Least Squares; Mathematical Memoirs upon Mechanical Quadrations.

=Boner, John Henry.= N. C., 1845- ----. A poet and littérateur of New York city. Whispering Pines: poems.

=Bonner, Sherwood.= See MacDowell.

=Bonney, Charles Carroll.= N. Y., 1831-1903. A lawyer of Chicago. Rules of Law for Carriage and Delivery of Persons and Property by Railway; Summary of the Law of Marine, Fire, and Life Insurance; Our Remedy in the Laws.

=Booth, Henry Matthias.= N. Y., 1843-1899. A Presbyterian clergyman of New Jersey. The Heavenly Vision and other Sermons; Sunrise, Noonday, and Sunset of the Day of Grace; First Communion. Ran.

=Booth, Mary Louise.= L. I., 1831-1889. Editor of Harper’s Bazar from its establishment in 1867 to 1889. She made over 30 valuable translations from the French. A History of the City of New York was her only piece of original writing.

=Bostwick, Mrs. Helen Louise [Barron].= N. H., 1826- ----. A verse-writer of Bucyrus, Ohio. Buds, Blossoms and Berries.

=Botta, Mrs. Anne Charlotte [Lynch].= Vt., 1820-1891. Wife of V. Botta, infra. A well-known New York writer whose weekly receptions were for many years the nearest approach in New York city to a salon. Handbook of Universal Literature; Leaves from the Diary of a Recluse; Poems. Hou.

=Botta, Vincenzo.= Iy., 1818-1894. An Italian educator who came to the United States in 1853, and was for a long period a professor of Italian Literature in the University of New York. The System of Education in Piedmont; Life of Cavour; Historical Account of Modern Philosophy in Italy; Dante as Philosopher, Patriot, and Poet. Scr.

=Botts, John Minor.= Va., 1802-1869. A Virginia lawyer eminent for his devotion to the Union during the Civil War. Letters on the Nebraska Question; The Great Rebellion: its Secret History, Rise, Progress, and Disastrous Failure. Har.

=Boudinot= [boo´de-not], =Elias.= Pa., 1740-1821. A philanthropist of Burlington, New Jersey, and the first president of the American Bible Society. The Second Advent of the Messiah; The Age of Revelation, a reply to Paine; The Star in the West, an attempt to identify the American Indians with the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. See Life, edited by J. J. Boudinot, 1896.

=Boughton, Willis.= N. Y., 1854- ----. An educator, professor of English literature in Ohio University from 1892. A History of Ancient Peoples; Mythology in Art. Put.

=Bourke, John Gregory.= Pa., 1846-1896. A United States army officer. The Snake Dance of the Moquis of Arizona, a valuable contribution to ethnology; An Apache Campaign in the Sierra Madre; On the Border with Crook. Scr.

=Bouton, John Bell.= N. H., 1830-1902. Son of N. Bouton, infra. A New York littérateur. Loved and Lost: essays; Round the Block, a novel; Treasury of Travel and Adventure; Memoir of General Bell; Roundabout to Moscow, an Epicurean Journey; Uncle Sam’s Church. Ap. Lam.

=Bouton, Nathaniel.= Ct., 1797-1878. State historian of New Hampshire. He is best known for his edition of ten volumes of Provincial Records and for a History of Concord, New Hampshire.

=Boutwell, George Sewall.= Ms., 1818- ----. A Massachusetts statesman; Governor of the State, 1852-53; Secretary of the Treasury, 1869-73. Thoughts on Educational Topics; Manual of the Direct and Excise Tax System of the United States; The Taxpayer’s Manual; Speeches and Papers relating to the Rebellion; Why I am a Republican: a History of the Republican Party; The Lawyer, the Statesman, the Soldier; The Constitution of the United States at the end of the First Century. Ap. He.

=Bouvé, Edward Tracy.= 18-- - ----. A Boston writer of fiction. Centuries Apart. Lit.

=Bouvet, [Marie] Marguerite.= La., 1865- ----. A writer of excellent juvenile books. Sweet William; Prince Tip-Top; Little Marjorie’s Love Story; My Lady; A Child of Tuscany; Pierrette. Mg.

=Bouvier= [boo-veer´], =Hannah.= Daughter of J. Bouvier, infra. See Peterson, Mrs.

=Bouvier, John.= Iy., 1787-1851. A jurist of Philadelphia. Law Dictionary; Institutes of American Law. Lip.

=Bovee, Christian Nestell.= N. Y., 1820-1904. An epigrammatic writer, some of whose sayings have been much quoted. Thoughts, Feelings, and Fancies; Intuitions and Summaries of Thought.

=Bowditch, Henry Ingersoll.= Ms., 1808-1892. Son of N. Bowditch, infra. An eminent physician of Boston. Life of Nathaniel Bowditch for the Young; The Young Stethoscopist; Public Hygiene in America.

=Bowditch, Nathaniel.= Ms., 1773-1838. A famous mathematician of Salem, Massachusetts, whose translation of La Place’s Mécanique Céleste, with extensive commentary, was his greatest work. The New American Navigator was his only original work of note. See Memoir, by H. I. Bowditch.

=Bowen, Eli.= Pa., 1824-188-. A once popular Pennsylvania author. Coal Regions of Pennsylvania; Pictorial Sketch Book of Pennsylvania; Rambles in the Path of the Iron Horse; The Creation of the Earth; United States Post-Office System; Coal and Coal Oil.

=Bowen, Francis.= Ms., 1811-1890. A professor of philosophy at Harvard University for many years, and eminent both as philosopher and political economist. He opposed the systems of Kant, Fichte, Cousin, Comte, and Mill, and was answered by the latter in a third edition of his Logic. Critical Essays in Speculative Philosophy; Modern Philosophy from Descartes to Schopenhauer and Hartmann; Treatise on Logic; American Political Economy; Principles of Political Economy; A Layman’s Study of the English Bible considered in its Literary and Secular Aspects; Gleanings from a Literary Life. Scr.

=Bowen, John Eliot.= N. Y., 1858-1890. A New York journalist. The Conflict of East and West in Egypt; Songs of Toil, a translation from Carmen Sylva.

=Bowen, Mrs. Sue [Petigru] [King].= S. C., 1824-1875. A novelist of Charleston, South Carolina. Sylvia’s World; Gerald Gray’s Wife; Lily; Busy Moments of an Idle Woman, a collection of stories.

=Bowker, Richard Rogers.= Ms., 1848- ----. The editor for some years of the Publishers’ Weekly. Work and Wealth: a Summary of Economics; A Primer for Political Education; Economics for the People; The Library List; Electoral Reform. Har.

=Bowles, Samuel.= Ms., 1826-1878. Journalist of Springfield, Massachusetts, editor of the Springfield Republican. Across the Continent; Our New West. See Life of, by Merriam, 1885.

=Bowne, Borden Parker.= N. J., 1847- ----. A philosophical writer and professor of philosophy in Boston University. The Philosophy of Herbert Spencer; Studies in Theism; Metaphysics: a Study of First Principles; Introduction to Psychological Theory; Philosophy of Theism; Principles of Ethics. Har. Meth.

=Boyd, James Robert.= N. Y., 1804-1890. A Presbyterian clergyman, formerly professor of moral philosophy at Hamilton College. Elements of Rhetoric and Literary Criticism; Moral Philosophy; The Westminster Shorter Catechism, with Analysis; Elements of Logic; Last Days of a Christian Philosopher; Memoir of Doddridge, are some among his rather numerous publications. Har.

=Boyesen, Hjalmar Hjorth.= N., 1848-1895. A writer of Norwegian birth, long resident in New York, and a professor in Columbia College at the time of his death. His novels and sketches are pleasantly written, but as essays in fiction are not much above average merit. Gunnar; A Norseman’s Pilgrimage; Tales from Two Hemispheres; Falconberg; A Daughter of the Philistines; Queen Titania; Ilka on the Hill Top and Other Stories; Goethe and Schiller, their Lives and Works; Literary and Social Silhouettes; The Story of Norway, an historical work; Social Strugglers; Essays on Scandinavian Literature; Essays on German Literature; Idylls of Norway and Other Poems; the Norseland series of books for boys, including: Norseland Tales; Boyhood in Norway; The Modern Vikings; Against Heavy Odds; The Golden Calf. Fl. Har. Mac. Scr.

=Boynton, Edward Carlisle.= Vt., 1825-1893. A United States army officer. History of West Point.

=Bozman, John Leeds.= Md., 1757-1823. A once noted Maryland lawyer. Historical Sketch of the Prime Causes of the Revolutionary War; History of Maryland. See Memoir by S. A. Harrison, 1888.

=Brace, Charles Loring.= Ct., 1826-1890. Son of J. P. Brace, infra. A noted clergyman and philanthropist of New York city who founded the Children’s Aid Society, and gave much of his time to philanthropic work. Norse-folk; Home Life in Germany; The Races of the Old World; Gesta Christi; The Dangerous Classes of New York. See Life, chiefly told in his own Letters. Scr.

=Brace, John Peirce.= Ct., 1793-1872. A once prominent educator of Litchfield, Connecticut. Lectures to Young Converts; Tales of the Devil; The Fawn of the Pale Faces: a Novel.

=Brackenridge, Henry Marie.= Pa., 1786-1871. Son of H. H. Brackenridge, infra. A noted Florida jurist. History of the Late War between the United States and Great Britain (1816); Voyage to South America; Views of Louisiana; Recollections of Persons and Places in the West; Essay on Trusts and Trustees; History of the Western Insurrection.

=Brackenridge, Hugh Henry.= S., 1748-1816. A Pennsylvania lawyer and humourist whose writing enjoyed great popularity in the early years of the 19th century. His principal work was Modern Chivalry, or the Adventures of Captain Farrago and Teague O’Regan, his Servant, a rough, sharp piece of humourous fiction, partaking, to some extent, of the nature of an autobiography. See edition of 1848, with illustrations by Darley; Hart’s American Literature.

=Brackett, Albert Gallatin.= N. Y., 1829-1896. A United States cavalry officer. General Lane’s Brigade in Central Mexico; History of the United States Cavalry, 1854. Har.

=Brackett, Anna Callender.= Ms., 1836- ----. An educational writer. The Education of American Girls; Woman and the Higher Education; The Technique of Rest. Har.

=Brackett, Edward Augustus.= Me., 1819- ----. A sculptor of Boston. Twilight Hours, a volume of verse.

=Bradford, Alden.= Ms., 1765-1843. Secretary of State for Massachusetts, 1812-24. Eulogy on Washington; History of Massachusetts, 1764-1820; Life of Jonathan Mayhew; History of the Federal Government; Biographical Notices of Distinguished Men of Massachusetts; New England Chronology, 1497-1843.

=Bradford, Alexander Warfield.= N. Y., 1815-1867. A New York jurist of prominence. He edited American Antiquities, and prepared many volumes of legal reports, among which the six commonly called Bradford’s Reports have become standard authority.

=Bradford, Amory Howe.= Ms., 1846- ----. A Congregational clergyman of Montclair, New Jersey. The Pilgrim in Old England; Old Wine: New Bottles; Spirit and Life, Thought for To-Day; Heredity and Christian Problems. Fo. Mac.

=Bradford, William.= E., 1590-1657. Governor of the Plymouth Colony, 1621-57. He left in manuscript a History of the Plimoth Plantation, the leisurely composition of 20 years, which was drawn from by Morton, Prince, and Hutchinson as a basis for their respective histories, and after being lost for nearly a century was found in the library of the Bishop of London in 1855, and published soon after. He was the earliest American historian, and his work exhibits judicial impartiality, broad conceptions, and a direct, vigourous style. See Tyler’s American Literature; Young’s Chronicles of the Pilgrims; Mrs. Austin’s Betty Alden and Standish of Standish. Hou.

=Bradlee, Caleb Davis.= Ms., 1831-1897. A Unitarian clergyman. Sermons for the Church; Sermons for All Sects; Life of Starr King. El.

=Bradley, Mrs. Mary Emily [Neeley].= Md., 1835-1898. A writer of tales for girls. Among her 20 or more volumes of this class are Douglass Farm; Story of a Summer; Brave Girls; Grace’s Visit. Hidden Sweetness is a volume of verse. Le. Lo.

=Bradley, Warren Ives.= “Glance Gaylord.” Ct., 1847-1868. A talented writer of tales for boys. Among his twelve volumes, all written before he was twenty-one, Culm Rock is as well known as any.

=Bradstreet, Mrs. Anne [Dudley].= E., 1612-1672. The first American woman of letters, and called by her contemporaries “The Tenth Muse.” Her prose work includes a brief autobiographic sketch, Religious Experiences; Meditations Divine and Moral, a series of shrewd, strong aphorisms. In her lifetime she was known only as a poet, and her verse, the bulk of which is considerable, comprises elegies, epitaphs; The Four Monarchies, a rhymed chronicle of ancient history; The Four Elements; The Four Humours of Man; The Four Ages of Man; The Four Seasons of the Year; Dialogue between Old England and New; Contemplations. She followed artificial models, and her lines reflect the grotesque conceits of the time, but here and there are gleams of real poetic vigour, while in the poem Contemplations, the least laboured of them all, she exhibits true poetic inspiration. See Works of, edited by John Harvard Ellis, with sketch of the author, 1867; Tyler’s American Literature; Life, by Helen Campbell; New England Magazine, 1887.

=Brainard, John Gardiner Calkins.= Ct., 1796-1828. A Hartford journalist whose Poems were published first in 1825, and reissued as Literary Remains in 1832 in an enlarged edition, with Memoir by his friend Whittier. His verse was temporarily popular, but his chief claim to present remembrance is the fine poem beginning, “I saw two clouds at morning.”

=Brainerd, David.= Ct., 1718-1747. A famous missionary among the Indians of New England. Selections from his journals have been printed, entitled Miriabilia Dei apud Indicos; Divine Grace Displayed. See Life, by Jonathan Edwards, 1749, enlarged, 1822; Sparks’s American Biography.

=Branch, Mrs. Mary Lydia [Bolles].= Ct., 1840- ----. A New York writer, best known by her poem, The Petrified Fern. The Kanter Girls is a story for young people. Scr.

=Brannan, William Penn.= “Vandyke Brown.” O., 1825-1866. A portrait painter of Cincinnati. Vagaries of Vandyke Brown; The Harp of a Thousand Strings, or Laughter for a Life Time.

=Brattle, Thomas.= Ms., 1657-1713. A once famous Boston merchant. Eclipse of the Sun and Moon observed in New England; Lunar Eclipse in New England, 1707.

=Brazza, Cora [Slocomb]=, Countess di. La., 1862- ----. A writer of New York city. An American Idyl; A Literary Farce; Guide to the Old and New Lace in Italy. Ar.

=Breckinridge, Robert Jefferson.= Ky., 1800-1871. A once noted Presbyterian clergyman of Lexington, Kentucky. Popery; Internal Evidence of Christianity; Memoranda of Foreign Travel; Travels in France, Germany, etc. His chief work was a system of theology, The Knowledge of God, Objectively and Subjectively Considered. He was a writer of very positive views, and one of the leaders in the division of the Presbyterian church into Old and New School in 1837.

=Breed, David Riddle.= Pa., 1848- ----. A Presbyterian minister of Chicago since 1885. More Light; Abraham, the Typical Life of Faith; History of the Preparation of the World for Christ; Heresy and Heresy. Rev.

=Breed, William Pratt.= N. Y., 1816-1889. A Presbyterian clergyman of Philadelphia. His works are mainly religious juveniles, and among them are Jenny Geddes; Home Songs for Home Birds; Grapes from the Great Vine; A Board and Abroad. Fu.

=Breidenbaugh, Edward Swoyer.= Pa., 1849- ----. A professor of chemistry at Pennsylvania College. Notes on Inorganic Chemistry; Mineralogy of the Farm, are among his purely technical papers and monographs.

=Breitman, Hans.= See Leland.

=Brewer, Thomas Mayo.= Ms., 1821-1880. A Massachusetts ornithologist who was the principal author of the History of North American Birds prepared with Ridgway and S. F. Baird, supra. Oölogy of North America is also by him.

=Brewer, William Henry.= N. Y., 1828- ----. A professor of agriculture in the Sheffield Scientific School at New Haven since 1864. Botany of California.

=Brewerton, George Douglas.= C., 1820-1901. A United States army officer. The War in Kansas, a Rough Trip to the Border; Fitzpoodle at Newport; Ida Lewis, the Heroine of Lime Rock; The Automaton Company; The Automaton Battery.

=Bridge, James Howard.= “Harold Brydges.” E., 1858- ----. A Fortnight in Heaven: an Unconventional Romance; Uncle Sam at Home.

=Bridges, Madeline.= See De Vere.

=Bridges, Robert.= “Droch.” Pa., 1858- ----. A littérateur of New York city; literary critic of Life from 1883, and assistant editor of Scribner’s Magazine since 1887. Overheard in Arcady, dialogues about contemporary writers; Suppressed Chapters and Other Bookishness. Scr.

=Briggs, Charles Augustus.= 1841- ----. A Presbyterian clergyman prominent among the leaders of newer religious thought and a professor at Union Theological Seminary, New York, since 1875. In 1892 he was tried for heresy and acquitted. Biblical Study; American Presbyterianism; Messianic Prophecy, notable for its display of the true historical spirit; The Authority of Holy Scripture; The Messiah of the Apostles; The Messiah of the Gospels; The Higher Criticism of the Hexateuch; The Bible, the Church, and the Reason; Whither? a Theological Question for the Times. See New Englander, vol. 55; Andover Review, vol. 16; Catholic World, vol. 53. Scr.

=Briggs, Charles Frederick.= Ms., 1804-1877. A journalist and editor of New York city, the valued friend of many of the prominent literary Americans of his time. Adventures of Harry Franco, a Tale of the Great Panic; The Haunted Merchant; The Trippings of Tom Pepper; Working a Passage, or Life on a Liner. See Lowell’s Fable for Critics.

=Brigham, Amariah.= Ms., 1798-1849. A physician of Hartford, and subsequently superintendent of the lunatic asylum at Utica, New York. The Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology of the Brain.

=Brigham, William Tufts.= Ms., 1841- ----. A lawyer and naturalist now at Honolulu in charge of the government museum. Volcanic Manifestations in New England; Guatemala: the Land of the Quetzal, a volume of travels. Scr.

=Brightly, Francis Frederick.= Pa., 1845- ----. Son of F. C. Brightly, infra. Digest of the Laws of Philadelphia, 1701-1887.

=Brightly, Frederick Charles.= E., 1812-1888. An eminent Philadelphia jurist. Treatise on Law of Costs; Nisi Prius Reports; Equitable Jurisdiction of the Laws of Pennsylvania; Digest of the Laws of the United States, 1789-1869; Digest of the Decisions of the Federal Courts; Bankrupt Law of the United States; Leading Cases in the Law of Elections, include the larger number of his legal writings.

=Brinton, Daniel Garrison.= Pa., 1837-1899. An archæological writer and publisher, as well as physician, of Philadelphia, whose researches in aboriginal history and literature were very extensive. He was professor of archæology in the University of Pennsylvania from 1880. The Myths of the New World; The Religious Sentiment; American Hero-Myths; Aboriginal American Authors; The Floridian Peninsula; Races and Peoples; Essays of an Americanist; The Lenape and their Legends. He edited The Maya Chronicles; The Comedy-Ballet of Güeguence; Aboriginal American Anthology. See Popular Science Monthly, vol. 38. Co. Gi. Ho.

=Brisbin, James Sanks.= Pa., 1837-1892. A United States cavalry officer. Campaign Lives of Grant and Colfax; The Beef Bonanza; Trees and Tree Planting. Har. Lip.

=Bristed, Charles Astor.= “Carl Benson.” N. Y., 1820-1874. Son of J. Bristed, infra. A magazinist of New York city. Five Years in an English University; The Upper Ten Thousand; Pieces of a Broken-down Critic; The Interference Theory of Government; Anacreontics.

=Bristed, John.= E., 1778-1855. An Episcopal clergyman of Rhode Island. His principal works, none of which rise much above the level of dullness, are Critical and Philosophical Essays; Resources of the United States, 1818; Anglo-American Churches; Edward and Anna: a Novel; A Pedestrian Tour through the Highlands of Scotland.

=Bristol, Mrs. Augusta [Cooper].= N. H., 1835- ----. An educator of Vineland, New Jersey. Poems; The Relation of the Maternal Function to the Woman’s Intellect; The Philosophy of Art; Science and its Relations to Character; The Present Phase of Woman’s Advancement; The Web of Life, a collection of verse.

=Britton, Nathaniel Lord.= S. I., 1859- ----. A botanical professor in the School of Mines at Columbia College. Catalogue of the Flora of Staten Island; The Geology of Staten Island; Catalogue of the Flora of New Jersey; An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada, and the British Possessions, from Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean to the 102d Meridian (with A. Brown). Scr.

=Britts, Mrs. Mattie [Dyer].= N. Y., 1842- ----. Daughter of S. Dyer, infra. The author of many juvenile tales, among which are Edward Lee; Nobody’s Boy.

=Broaddus, Andrew.= Va., 1770-1848. A Baptist clergyman once noted as a pulpit orator. History of the Bible; Form of Church Discipline; Letters and Sermons.

=Broadus, John Albert.= Va., 1827-1895. A Baptist clergyman, the president of the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Preparation and Delivery of Sermons; Lectures on Preaching; Sermons and Addresses; Jesus of Nazareth. Bap.

=Brockett, Linus Pierpont.= Ct., 1820-1893. A prolific writer of Hartford, among whose many productions are History of Education; Our Great Captains; The Year of Battles: a History of the Franco-German War of 1870; Epidemics and Contagious Diseases; The Silk Industry in America; Our Western Empire, an account of the resources of the United States west of the Mississippi; The Great Metropolis.

=Brodhead, Mrs. Eva Wilder [McGlasson].= 18-- - ----. A popular novelist. One of the Visconti; Diana’s Livery; An Earthly Paragon; Ministers of Grace; Bound In Shallows. Har. Scr.

=Brodhead, John Romeyn.= Pa., 1814-1873. A painstaking, accurate writer, whose work, if somewhat lacking in picturesqueness, is of lasting value. History of the State of New York; The Government of Sir Edmund Andros over New England. Har.

=Brooks, Arthur.= Ms., 1845-1895. Brother of Phillips Brooks, infra. An Episcopal clergyman of New York city. A volume of his Sermons was reprinted in London with the title, Christ for To-Day. Wh.

=Brooks, Charles.= Ms., 1795-1872. A once prominent Massachusetts educator. History of Medford; The Christian in his Closet; Daily Monitor; Family Prayer-Book; Elements of Ornithology; Introduction to Ornithology, and ten volumes of biography.

=Brooks, Charles Timothy.= Ms., 1813-1883. A Unitarian clergyman of Newport, Rhode Island, 1837-73, whose English versions of Schiller, Richter, Goethe, and Schefer take high rank. His other work includes Songs of Field and Flood; The Simplicity of Christ; William Ellery Channing: a Centennial Memory; Poems Original and Translated. See Memoir by Wendte. Rob.

=Brooks, Edward.= N. Y., 1831- ----. The principal of the Millersville Normal School, Pennsylvania, 1866-83, and since then superintendent of the Philadelphia public schools. His writings are mainly, though not entirely, mathematical, and among them are The Normal Written Arithmetic; Philosophy of Arithmetic; Mental Science and Methods of Culture; The Story of the Iliad; The Story of the Odyssey.

=Brooks, Elbridge Gerry.= N. H., 1816-1878. A Universalist clergyman of Philadelphia. Universalism a Practical Power; Our New Departure; Universalism in Life and Doctrine. See Life by E. S. Brooks.

=Brooks, Elbridge Streeter.= Ms., 1846-1902. A Boston writer for young people. Life Work of Elbridge Gerry Brooks; In No Man’s Land; Historic Boys; In Leisler’s Times; Chivalric Days; Storied Holidays; Historic Girls; Story of the American Indian; The Story of New York; Story of the American Sailor; Story of the United States; The True Story of Columbus; Heroic Happenings; A Son of Issachar; The True Story of George Washington; The Century Book for Young Americans; A Boy of the First Empire; Great Men’s Sons; The Story of Miriam of Magdala; The True Story of Abraham Lincoln; The Story of the American Soldier; The Century Book of Famous Americans; Under the Tamaracks; The Long Walls (with J. Alden). Cent. Lo. Put.

=Brooks, Mrs. Maria [Gowen].= Ms., 1795-1845. Called by Southey “Maria del Occidente.” A poet whose fate it has been to be utterly neglected after being once extravagantly praised. Zephiel, or The Bride of Seven, her chief work, is a poem whose incidents are taken from the story of Sara in the apocryphal book of Tobit. It is a work of considerable power but extravagant sentiment. Idomen, or the Vale of Yumuri, is to some extent autobiographic. See Griswold’s Female Poets; Harper’s Magazine, January and May, 1879; Mrs. Hale’s Woman’s Record.

=Brooks, Nathan Covington.= Md., 1819-1898. A prominent educator of Baltimore, who besides publishing an excellent series of classical text-books, chief among which are editions of Ovid’s Metamorphoses and Virgil’s Æneid, is the author of A Complete History of the Mexican War.

=Brooks, Noah.= Me., 1830-1903. A New York writer of popular books for boys. The Boy Emigrants; The Fairport Nine; Our Baseball Club; Abraham Lincoln; The Boy Settlers; American Statesmen; Tales of the Maine Coast; Abraham Lincoln and the Downfall of American Slavery; How the Republic is Governed; Short Studies in American Party Politics; Washington in Lincoln’s Time, a volume of gossipy recollections; The Mediterranean Trip. Cent. Scr.

=Brooks, Phillips.= Ms., 1835-1893. The sixth Protestant Episcopal bishop of Massachusetts. He was rector of Holy Trinity Church at Philadelphia, 1862-69, and of Trinity Church, Boston, from 1869 until his consecration as bishop in 1891. He was a leader of Broad Church opinion, but had no hostility towards forms of thought opposed to his. For many years before his death he had been accounted the foremost preacher in America. The Influence of Jesus; Lectures on Preaching; The Candle of the Lord and Other Sermons; The Light of the World and Other Sermons; Sermons in English Churches; Twenty Sermons; Sermons for the Principal Festivals and Fasts; Tolerance; A Century of Church Growth in Boston; Essays and Addresses; Letters of Travel; The Oldest School in America. O Little Town of Bethlehem is a popular poem by him. See Phillips Brooks in Boston; Five Years’ Editorial Estimates; Phillips Brooks, by Dunbar; Annual Cyclopedia, 1893; Andover Review, vol. 15; Phillips Brooks in Massachusetts, by J. H. Ward, infra. Dut. Mer.

=Brooks, William Keith.= O., 1848- ----. A professor of morphology at Johns Hopkins University. Hand-book of Invertebrate Zoölogy; Development of the American Oyster; Conifer, a Study in Morphology; Development of Lingula; The Law of Heredity. Wn.

=Bross, William.= N. J., 1813-1890. A Chicago journalist. History of Chicago (1866); Tom Quick, a romance of Indian warfare; Chicago and her Future Growth.

=Brotherton, Mrs. Alice [Williams].= Ind., 18-- - ----. A magazinist of Cincinnati, whose work is mainly in verse. Beyond the Veil; The Sailing of King Olaf; What the Wind told the Tree-Tops, prose and verse for children.

=Brougham= [broo´am or broo´m], =John.= I., 1814-1880. A once noted dramatist who was the author of over a hundred comedies and farces, many of which, like Vanity Fair and The Irish Emigrant, have been very successful. See Life, by William Winter.

=Brown, Abram English.= Ms., 1849- ----. A resident of Bedford, Massachusetts. Beneath Old Roof Trees, a volume of local history; Beside Old Hearthstones; History of Bedford; Bedford Old Families; Glimpses of New England Life; Flag of the Minute Men. Le.

=Brown, Alexander.= Va., 1843- ----. A writer of Nelson County, Virginia, who has published The Cabells and their Kin, a genealogy; The Genesis of the United States. Hou.

=Brown, Alice.= N. H., 1857- ----. A Boston writer on the staff of the Youth’s Companion. Fools of Nature, a novel; Meadow Grass, a collection of New England stories; By Oak and Thorn, a volume of English travel; Robert Louis Stevenson: a Study (with L. Guiney, infra); Life of Mercy Otis Warren. Cop. Hou. Scr.

=Brown, Anna Robeson.= Pa., 1873- ----. Daughter of H. A. Brown, infra, and great-niece of C. B. Brown, infra. A novelist who has published Sir Mark; The Black Lamb. Ap.

=Brown, Charles Brockden.= Pa., 1771-1810. A novelist of Philadelphia, and the first of native authors who adopted literature as a profession. In his novels probability plays a very small part, the local colour is faint, though the scenes are American, and all are overshadowed by an overpowering element of mystery. In spite of extravagances and faults, his work possesses undeniable power of a very high order, and does not deserve the neglect into which it has fallen. Wieland; Ormond, or the Secret Witness; Arthur Mervyn, in some respects the most powerful of his works; Edgar Huntley, or the Memories of a Sleep Walker; Clara Howard, reprinted in England as Philip Stanley; Jane Talbot. See Lives by Dunlap, 1815, Prescott, 1831; Atlantic Monthly, vol. 61; Nichol’s American Literature. My.

=Brown, Charles Rufus.= N. H., 1849- ----. A professor of Old Testament interpretation at Union Theological Seminary since 1883. An Aramaic Method: Text and Grammar. Scr.

=Brown, David Paul.= Pa., 1795-1872. A Philadelphia lawyer who was the author of two unsuccessful tragedies, Sestorius; The Trial; a melodrama and a comedy, equally unsuccessful, and The Forum, or Forty Years’ Practice at the Philadelphia Bar. His Forensic Speeches were edited by his son in 1873.

=Brown, Emma Elizabeth.= N. H., 1847- ----. A writer of popular biographies living at Newton, Massachusetts. Her works include lives of Washington; Grant; Garfield; Wendell Holmes; Russell Lowell; From Night to Light, a story of Bible times; The Child Toilers of Boston Streets; An Hundred Years Ago, a story in verse. Lo. Me.

=Brown, Francis.= N. H., 1849- ----. A professor of Hebrew and cognate languages at Union Theological Seminary since 1890. Assyriology: its Use and Abuse; The Teachings of the Apostles (with R. D. Hitchcock). Scr.

=Brown, Goold.= R. I., 1791-1857. An educator of New York city and a once famous grammarian. Grammar of English Grammars; Institutes of English Grammar; First Lines of English Grammar.

=Brown, Helen Dawes.= Ms., 1857- ----. A lecturer on English literature in New York city. The Petrie Estate, a novel; Two College Girls; Little Miss Phœbe Gay. Hou.

=Brown, Henry Armitt.= 1846-1878. A lawyer and orator of Philadelphia, whose Four Historical Orations have been much admired. See Memoir, by Hoppin; Atlantic Monthly, August, 1880.

=Brown, Henry Billings.= Ms., 1836- ----. A justice of the United States Supreme Court since 1890. Admiralty Reports for Western, Lake, and River Districts.

=Brown, James Allen.= Pa., 1821-1883. A Lutheran clergyman and educator, professor in Gettysburg Seminary, 1864-77. The New Theology.

=Brown, John Walker.= N. Y., 1814-1849. An Episcopal clergyman who won some fleeting notice as a poet. Christmas Bells, a Tale of Holy Tide, and Other Poems.

=Brown, Mrs. Phoebe [Hinsdale].= N. Y., 1783-1861. A hymn-writer remembered for her popular religious lyric, “I love to steal awhile away.”

=Brown, Samuel Gilman.= Me., 1813-1885. A Congregational clergyman who was president of Hamilton College, 1867-81. Biography of Self-Taught Men; Life of Rufus Choate. Lit.

=Brown, Theron.= Ct., 1832- ----. A Baptist clergyman of Boston, who has written several books for young people, among which are The Blount Family; Walter Neil’s Example; Life Songs, a collection of verse. Le. Lo.

=Brown, Thomas Edwin.= D. C., 1841- ----. A Baptist clergyman of Rochester, New York. Studies in Modern Socialism and Labor Problems.

=Brown, Thurlow Weed.= ---- -1866. A Wisconsin journalist prominent as a temperance advocate. Why I am a Temperance Man; Minnie Hermon, the Landlord’s Daughter; Temperance Tales.

=Browne, Charles Farrar=, “Artemus Ward.” Me., 1834-1867. A very genuine though grotesque humorist, whose satire is invariably good-natured and whose humour is based on shrewd sense. While a printer in the office of The Plaindealer, in Cleveland, he began publishing his series of letters from “Artemus Ward, Showman.” Later he became known as a popular humorous lecturer, and was lecturing in England with success at the time of his death. Artemus Ward: his Book; Artemus Ward Among the Mormons; Artemus Ward in London; Artemus Ward: His Travels; Artemus Ward’s Lecture at Egyptian Hall. See Haweis’s American Humorists.

=Browne, Francis Fisher.= Vt., 1843- ----. A literary critic of Chicago and editor of The Dial since 1880. Everyday Life of Abraham Lincoln; Volunteer Grain, a collection of poems. Wy.

=Browne, Irving.= N. Y., 1835-1899. A lawyer of Albany. Humorous Phases of the Law; Short Studies of Great Lawyers; Judicial Interpretation of Common Words and Phrases; Law and Lawyers in Literature; Iconoclasm and Whitewash; The Character of the Nurse’s Deceased Husband in Romeo and Juliet; Our Best Society, a comedy; The Elements of Criminal Law. See The Green Bag, vol. 1.

=Browne, John Ross.= I., 1817-1875. A writer of amusing travels, illustrated by original drawings, which enjoyed a transient but profitable popularity. An American Family in Germany; Yusef, a Crusade in the East; Land of Thor, a volume of Icelandic experiences; Etchings of a Whaling Voyage; Crusoe’s Island; Adventures in the Apache Country. Ap. Har.

=Browne, Junius Henri.= N. Y., 1833-1902. A journalist of New York city. Four Years in Secessia; The Great Metropolis, a Mirror of New York; Sights and Sensations in Europe. See Lippincott’s Magazine, vol. 40.

=Browne, William Hand.= Md., 1828- ----. An historical writer of Baltimore who, besides assisting Scharf and other writers, has also written Maryland, the History of a Palatinate; George Calvert and Cecilius Calvert, barons Baltimore. Do. Hou.

=Browne, William Hardcastle.= Pa., 1840- ----. A lawyer of Philadelphia. Digest of the Law of Divorce and Alimony in the United States; Famous Women of History; Bible Heroes.

=Brownell, Henry Howard.= R. I., 1820-1872. Nephew of T. C. Brownell, infra. A writer who served in the Civil War as ensign under Farragut, and was present in the two engagements described in his famous battle poems, The Bay Fight, The River Fight, which rank among the finest verses of their kind. Poems; People’s Book of Ancient and Modern History; Discoverers of North and South America; Lyrics of a Day; War Lyrics.

=Brownell, Thomas Church.= Ms., 1779-1865. The third Protestant Episcopal bishop of Connecticut. Family Prayer-Book; Commentary on the Prayer-Book; Youthful Christian’s Guide; Consolation for the Afflicted; Christian’s Walk and Consolation; Religion of Heart and Life, comprise the greater number of his works.

=Brownell, William Crary.= N. Y., 1851- ----. A New York journalist and critic. Newport; French Art; Classic and Contemporary Painting and Sculpture; French Traits: an essay in Comparative Criticism. See The Bookman, December, 1896. Scr.

=Brownlee, William Craig.= S., 1784-1860. A Reformed Dutch clergyman of New York city, and a very active controversialist, whose batteries were chiefly directed at the Quakers and Roman Catholics. Inquiry into the Principles of the Quakers; The Roman Catholic Controversy; Treatise on Popery; Lights and Shadows of Scottish Life; Christian Youths’ Book; Christian Father at Home; Deity of Christ; History of the Western Apostolic Church; The Converted Murderer; The Whigs of Scotland, a romance.

=Brownlow, William Gannaway.= Va., 1805-1877. A Methodist preacher and journalist of Knoxville, Tennessee, conspicuous for his fidelity to the Union during the Civil War. At its close he served two terms as governor of his state. The Iron Wheel Examined and its False Spokes Extracted, a reply to attacks upon Methodism; Ought American Slavery to be Perpetuated; Sketches of the Rise, Progress, and Decline of Secession.

=Brownson, Orestes Augustus.= Vt., 1803-1876. A prominent philosophical thinker who in early life was successively a Presbyterian, a Universalist clergyman, a Socialist leader associated with Robert Owen, and a Unitarian clergyman, as well as an able political speaker at all times. In 1844 he became a Roman Catholic, and in Brownson’s Review, from that date until 1864, he ably defended the Roman Catholic faith from the standpoint of a liberal. His philosophy is more or less influenced by the thought of Cousin. New Views of Christianity, Society, and the Church; Charles Elwood, or the Infidel Converted (1840), a more or less autobiographic novel; Leaves from my Experience; Essays and Reviews; The Spirit-Rapper, an autobiography; The American Republic, a work on political ethics; Conversations on Liberalism. See Complete Works, in 20 volumes, 1882-87, published in Detroit by his son Henry F. Brownson; Catholic World, volumes 45 and 46; Atlantic Monthly, June, 1896.

=Bruce, Wallace.= N. Y., 1844- ----. A poet and lecturer of Poughkeepsie. From the Hudson to the Yosemite; The Land of Burns; The Connecticut Daylight; in verse, The Hudson; Yosemite; Old Homestead Poems; Wayside Poems; In Clover and Heather; Here’s a Hand. Har.

=Brush, Mrs. Christine [Chaplin].= Me., 1842-1892. Daughter of J. Chaplin, infra. An artist in water-colours whose home was in Brooklyn. Her most important book, The Colonel’s Opera Cloak, a novel, was first published anonymously. Her only other works are the two stories, Inside our Gate; One Summer’s Lessons in Perspective. Rob.

=Bryan, Mrs. Mary [Edwards].= Fl., 1846- ----. A journalist of New York city who has written the novels Manch; Wild Work, a story of the reconstruction period in Louisiana; The Bayou Bride; Kildee.

=Bryant, John Howard.= Ms., 1807-1902. Brother of W. C. Bryant, infra. A poet and farmer of Princeton, Illinois. Poems; Poems written from Youth to Old Age, 1824-84.

=Bryant, William Cullen.= Ms., 1794-1878. A poet and journalist of New York city. In early life he began the practice of law, but soon abandoned it for journalism and, removing to New York in 1825, became in 1828 the editor of the Evening Post, with which he remained associated until his death. His earliest poem, The Embargo, a political satire, was published when its author was but thirteen, but the first collection of his poems was not made until 1821, the famous Thanatopsis being one of the eight which the volume comprised. The quantity of Bryant’s verse is small, the quality high, but not uniformly so. Its tone is usually calmly philosophic, and it rarely makes any very effective appeal to the sympathies, its coldness arising partly from lack of humour, partly from natural reserve. The Embargo; The Spanish Revolution; The Ages; The Fountain of Youth, and Other Poems; The White-Footed Deer; The Flood of Years; Thirty Poems; translations of the Iliad and Odyssey, both in unrhymed heroic pentameter; Letters of a Traveller, a prose work; Orations and Addresses. See Commemorative Address by G. W. Curtis; Lives by J. Bigelow, Parke Godwin, A. J. Symington; Stedman’s Poets of America; Appleton’s American Biography; Wilson’s Bryant and his Friends, 1886; Gosse’s Questions at Issue; Magazine of American History, vol. 23; Atlantic Monthly, March, 1897. Ap. Cr. Hou.

=Bryant, William McKendree.= Ind., 1843- ----. A prominent educator of St. Louis. Philosophy of Landscape Painting; The World Energy and its Self-Conservation; Syllabus of Psychology; Ethics and the New Education; Text Book of Psychology; Life, Death, and Immortality. Sc.

=Bryce, Lloyd.= L. I., 1851- ----. A novelist of New York city, editor of the North American Review, 1889-96. Paradise; A Dream of Conquest; The Romance of An Alter Ego; Friends in Exile.

=Brydges, Harold.= See Bridge, J. H.

=Buchanan, James.= Pa., 1791-1868. The fifteenth president of the United States. Mr. Buchanan’s Administration (1866) is his own defence of his policy as President. See Life of, by G. T. Curtis, infra.

=Buchanan, Joseph.= Va., 1785-1829. A once noted mechanical inventor of Kentucky who published The Philosophy of Human Nature.

=Buchanan, Joseph Rodes.= Ky., 1814-1899. Son of J. Buchanan, supra. A Boston physician who claimed to have invented the sciences of sarcognomy and psychometry. He published Buchanan’s Journal of Medicine, 1849-56, and wrote Outlines of Lectures on the Neurological System of Anthropology; Eclectric Practice of Medicine and Surgery; The New Education; Therapeutic Sarcognomy; Manual of Psychometry. See One of a Thousand.

=Buck, Dudley.= Ct., 1839- ----. A composer and organist of Brooklyn. Dictionary of Musical Terms; The Influence of the Organ in History.

=Buck, Gurdon.= N. Y., 1807-1877. An eminent surgeon of New York city. He wrote much for medical journals and a treatise on Contributions to Reparative Surgery.

=Buckingham, Joseph Tinker.= Ct., 1779-1861. A Boston journalist of note who published, 1831-34, The New England Magazine, in which Dr. Holmes began his famous “Autocrat,” and The Boston Courier, 1828-48. Specimens of Newspaper Literature; Personal Memoirs and Recollections of Editorial Life.

=Buckley, James Monroe.= N. J., 1836- ----. A Methodist clergyman, editor since 1881 of the New York Christian Advocate. Two Weeks in the Yosemite Valley; Supposed Miracles; Christians and the Theatre; Oats or Wild Oats; The Land of the Czar and the Nihilist; Faith-Healing, Christian Science, and Kindred Phenomena; Travels in Three Continents, Europe, Africa, Asia. Cent. Har. Lo. Meth.

=Buckminster, Joseph Stevens.= N. H., 1784-1812. A talented Unitarian clergyman of Boston, the first appointed lecturer on biblical criticism at Harvard University. Sermons, with Memoir by S. C. Thacher, 1814.

=Buel, Jesse.= Ct., 1778-1839. A noted agriculturist of Albany who effected many reforms in farming. He established the Albany Argus, The Cultivator, and published The Farmer’s Instructor, in ten volumes; and also The Farmer’s Companion, or Essays in Husbandry. Har.

=Buel, Samuel.= N. Y., 1815-1892. An Episcopal clergyman of High Church proclivities, who was professor of divinity at the General Theological Seminary of New York from 1871. The Apostolic System Defended; Eucharistic Presence, Sacrifice, and Adoration; A Treatise on Dogmatic Theology. Wh.

=Buell, Richard Hooker.= Md., 1842- ----. A United States civil engineer. The Cadet Engineer; Safety Valves; The Compound Steam-Engine and its Steam-Generating Plant.

=Bulfinch, Ellen Susan.= Ms., 1844- ----. An artist of Cambridge. Life and Letters of Charles Bulfinch, Architect. Hou.

=Bulfinch, Stephen Greenleaf.= Ms., 1809-1870. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, and son of Charles Bulfinch, the noted architect. Poems, Lays of the Gospel, Communion Thoughts; Contemplations of the Saviour; The Holy Land and its Inhabitants; The Harp and the Cross; Honour, or The Slave Dealer’s Daughter; Manual of the Evidences of Christianity; Studies in the Evidences of Christianity. A. U. A. Le.

=Bulfinch, Thomas.= Ms., 1796-1867. Brother of S. G. Bulfinch, supra. A Boston banker whose leisure was devoted to literary pursuits. Hebrew Lyrical History; The Age of Fable; The Age of Chivalry; Boy Inventors; Legends of Charlemagne; Poetry of the Age of Fable; Oregon and Eldorado, or Romance of the Rivers. Le.

=Bulkley, Peter.= E., 1583-1659. A Congregational clergyman of Concord, Massachusetts. His one work, The Gospel Covenant, or The Covenant of Grace Opened, is a ponderous series of sermons notable for its intellectual vigour. See Tyler’s History of American Literature.

=Bullard, Asa.= Ms., 1804-1888. Brother-in-law of H. W. Beecher, supra. A Congregational clergyman of Massachusetts, long prominent in Sunday-school work. His principal writings are Sunnybank Stories; Shady Dell Stories; Fifty Years with the Sabbath School; Incidents in a Busy Life, an autobiography. Le. Lo.

=Bullions, Peter.= S., 1791-1864. A United Presbyterian clergyman of Troy, New York, well known as a classical scholar. Among his text-books for schools are Principles of English Grammar; Principles of Greek Grammar; Latin and English Dictionary.

=Bullock, Alexander Hamilton.= Ms., 1816-1882. A prominent Massachusetts politician, at one period governor of the State. Intellectual Leaderships; Address on Several Occasions, with Memoir by G. F. Hoar. Lit.

=Bump, Orlando Franklin.= N. Y., 1841-1881. A Baltimore lawyer, author of The Law and Practice of Bankruptcy; Federal Procedure.

=Bumstead, Freeman Josiah.= Ms., 1826-1879. A physician of New York city. Pathology and Treatment of Venereal Diseases, and translations from the French of Ricord and Cullerier.

=Bunce, Oliver Bell.= N. Y., 1828-1890. A New York littérateur, editor of Appleton’s Journal for the period of its existence, and well known as the author of Don’t (1883), a small volume of social negations which was widely circulated. He wrote also Bachelor Bluff, his Opinions, a volume of essays; My House; Marco Bozzaris, a drama; Love in ’76, a comedy; Romance of the Revolution; four stories, including Life Before Him; Bensly; A Bachelor’s Story; The Adventures of Timias Terrystone; Happinolande and Other Legends, a collection of sketches. Ap. Co. Scr.

=Bundy, Jonas Mills.= N. H., 1835-1891. A New York journalist, prominent as editor of the Mail and Express from 1868. State Rights; Are we a Nation?; Life of Garfield (1880). Bar.

=Bungay, George Washington.= E., 1818-1892. A New York journalist well known as a temperance lecturer. He wrote many poems, among which The Creeds of the Bells has long been popular. His other writings include The Abraham Lincoln Songster; The Poets of Queen Elizabeth’s Time; Offhand Takings; Crayon Sketches; Pen Portraits of Illustrious Abstainers.

=Bunner, Henry Cuyler.= N. Y., 1855-1896. A New York journalist, the editor of Puck, and well known as a writer of graceful, delicate verse and very readable fiction. Jersey Street and Jersey Lane; Love in Old Cloathes; Zadoc Pine and Other Stories; The Story of a New York House; The Midge; In Partnership (with J. B. Matthews, infra); Short Sixes, a collection of humourous tales; The Woman of Honour. His verse includes Airs from Arcady and Elsewhere; Rowen: “second crop” Songs. Hou. Scr.

=Burdett, Charles.= N. Y., 1815-18--. A journalist and novelist of New York whose writings were transiently popular. Life of Kit Carson; The Second Marriage; The Beautiful Spy; Margaret Moncrieffe; Emma, or The Lost Found; Marion Desmond; The Gambler; The Adopted Child; Trials and Triumphs; Never too Late; Chances and Changes. Har.

=Burdette, Robert Jones.= Pa., 1844- ----. A newspaper humourist who was for some years editor of The Hawkeye, of Burlington, Iowa. Hawkeyes; Rise and Fall of the Mustache; Innach Garden and Other Comic Sketches; Life of William Penn. Ho.

=Burgess, Edward.= Ms., 1848-1891. A noted naval architect of Boston. English and American Yachts. See New England Magazine, vol. 5.

=Burgess, George.= R. I., 1809-1866. The first Protestant Episcopal bishop of Maine. Pages from the Ecclesiastical History of New England; The Christian Life; The Book of Psalms in English Verse; The Last Enemy Conquering and Conquered; Strife of Brothers, a poem, comprise the most of his writings. See Memoir, by A. Burgess; Bibliography of Maine. Ran.

=Burgess, John William.= Tn., 1844- ----. The dean of the school of physical science in Columbia College. The American University: When Shall it Be, Where Shall it Be, and What Shall it Be?; Political Science and Comparative Constitutional Law; The Middle Period. Gi.

=Burk, John Daly.= I., 17-- -1808. An Irish author who came to America in 1796, and for the last years of his life was a lawyer in Virginia. History of the Late War in Ireland; History of Virginia; Bunker Hill, a once popular tragedy; Bethlem Gaber, an historical drama.

=Burleigh, George Shepard.= Ct., 1821-1903. A writer of Little Compton, Rhode Island. Anti-Slavery Hymns; The Maniac and Other Poems; Signal Fires, or The Trail of the Pathfinder.

=Burleigh, William Henry.= Ct., 1812-1871. Brother of G. S. Burleigh, supra. An anti-slavery journalist of Hartford and elsewhere who won some notice as a poet. See Poems of with biographical sketch by Celia Burleigh. Hou.

=Burnap, George Washington.= N. H., 1802-1859. A Unitarian clergyman of Baltimore, prominent as a controversialist. Popular Objections to Unitarian Christianity Considered; What is a Unitarian; Lectures to Young Men; Lectures on the History of Christianity; Christianity, its Essence and Evidence, are his more important works.

=Burnett, Mrs. Frances Eliza [Hodgson].= E., 1849- ----. A popular writer of fiction, whose first successful book was That Lass o’ Lowrie’s, a powerful tale of Lancashire life. Her other works, of varying degrees of excellence, include Earlier Stories, first and second series; Haworth; A Fair Barbarian; Through One Administration; Louisiana; Esmeralda; Vagabondia, Surly Tim, and Other Stories; The Pretty Sister of José; A Lady of Quality. As a writer for young people her success has been very marked; and besides Little Lord Fauntleroy, the most popular of all her books, her juvenile writings comprise Sara Crewe; Piccino and Other Child Stories; Little Saint Elizabeth; Two Little Pilgrims’ Progress; Giovanni and the Other; The One I Knew the Best of All, an autobiographic tale. See Vedder’s American Writers. Scr.

=Burnett, James G.= N. Y., 1868-1893. A verse-writer who published Love and Laughter, a collection of verse. Put.

=Burnett, Peter Hardeman.= Tn., 1807-1895. A California lawyer who was the first governor of that state. The Path which led a Protestant Lawyer to the Catholic Church; The American Theory of Government; Recollections and Opinions of an Old Pioneer; Reasons why we should believe in God. Ap.

=Burnett, Waldo Irving.= Ms., 1828-1854. A naturalist of Boston. The Cell, its Physiology, Pathology, and Philosophy.

=Burney, Stanford Guthrie.= Tn., 1814- ----. A Cumberland Presbyterian divine, professor of systematic theology at Cumberland University. Treatise on Elocution; Baptismal Regeneration; Atonement and Law Reviewed; Chart of Duty; Soteriology; Studies in Moral Science; Studies in Psychology; Studies in Theology.

=Burnham, Mrs. Clara Louise [Root].= Ms., 1854- ----. A popular novelist of Chicago. “No Gentlemen”; A Sane Lunatic; Dearly Bought; Next Door; Young Maids and Old; The Mistress of Beech Knoll; Miss Bagg’s Secretary, a West Point romance; Dr. Latimer, a story of Casco Bay; Sweet Clover; The Wise Woman. Hou.

=Burr, Aaron.= Ct., 1716-1757. A Presbyterian clergyman who was president of Princeton College. He married a daughter of Jonathan Edwards, infra, and his son was the noted politician of the same name. His Latin Grammar was long in use at Princeton as “the Newark Grammar.” His only other work was The Supreme Divinity of our Lord Jesus Christ.

=Burr, Enoch Fitch.= Ct., 1818- ----. A Congregational clergyman of Lyme, Connecticut, since 1850. Pater Mundi; Ad Fidem; Doctrine of Evolution; Ecce Cœlum; Sunday Afternoons for Little People; About Spiritualism; Toward the Strait Gate; Ecce Terra; Work in the Vineyard; From Dark to Day; Facts in Aid of Faith; Celestial Empires; Universal Beliefs; Long Ago as Interpreted by the 19th Century; Tempted to Unbelief; Dio the Athenian; The Voyage, and Other Poems; Aleph, the Chaldean.

=Burr, George Lincoln.= N. Y., 1857- ----. A professor of history at Cornell University from 1892. The Literature of Witchcraft; The Fate of Dietrick Flade; Charlemagne.

=Burr, William Hubert.= Ct., 1851- ----. A civil engineer of prominence, professor of engineering at Columbia College from 1893. Stresses in Bridge and Roof Trusses; The Theory of the Masonry Arch; Elasticity and Resistance of the Materials of Engineering. Wil.

=Burrage, Henry Sweetser.= Ms., 1837- ----. The editor of Zion’s Advocate, Portland, Maine. Brown University in the Civil War; The Act of Baptism in the History of the Christian Church; History of the Anabaptists in Switzerland; History of Baptists in New England; History of the 36th Massachusetts Regiment; Baptist Hymn Writers and their Hymns. Bap.

=Burrill, Alexander Mansfield.= N. Y., 1807-1869. A noted New York jurist. Practice of the Supreme Court of New York; Law Dictionary and Glossary; Law and Practice of Voluntary Assignments; Circumstantial Evidence.

=Burritt, Elihu.= Ct., 1811-1879. A famous linguist who was called “The Learned Blacksmith,” from the fact that much of his education was obtained while working at the forge in Worcester, Massachusetts. He was a noted peace reformer, and was for some years consul at Birmingham. Few of his writings have the literary quality to any extent, and they form rather dry reading. Sparks from the Anvil; A Voice from the Forge; Peace Papers for the People; Olive Leaves; Thoughts of Things at Home and Abroad; Handbook of the Nations; A Walk from John O’ Groat’s to Land’s End; The Mission of Great Sufferings; Walks in the Black Country; Lectures and Speeches; Ten-Minute Talks; Chips from Many Blocks; Prayers and Devotional Meditations. See Memorial, by C. Northend, 1879; Leisure Hour, vol. 28. Ran.

=Burroughs, John.= N. Y., 1837- ----. A noted essayist of Esopus, New York, whose keen, sympathetic studies of nature have been very popular both in America and England. Wake-Robin; Winter Sunshine; Birds and Poets; Locusts and Wild Honey; Pepacton; Fresh Fields; Signs and Seasons; Indoor Studies; Riverby; Whitman: a Study. See Gentleman’s Magazine, vol. 42; Lippincott’s Magazine, vol. 39. Hou.

=Burrowes, George.= N. Y., 1811-1894. A Presbyterian clergyman of San Francisco, professor of Hebrew in the Presbyterian seminary there. Commentary on the Song of Solomon; Octorara, a Poem and Occasional Pieces; Advanced Growth in Grace.

=Burt, Nathaniel Clark.= N. J., 1825-1874. A Presbyterian clergyman of Ohio. Hours among the Gospels; The Far East; The Land and its Story, the Sacred Geography of Palestine. Ap.

=Burton, Asa.= Ct., 1752-1836. A Congregational clergyman, pastor at Thetford, Vermont, for more than fifty years. Essays on Some of the First Principles of Metaphysics, Ethics, and Theology. See Memoir by T. Adams.

=Burton, Ernest De Witt.= O., 1856- ----. A professor of sacred literature in the University of Chicago. Records and Letters of the Apostolic Age; Syntax of Moods and Tenses in New Testament Greek; A Harmony of the Four Gospels (with W. A. Stevens). Scr. Sil.

=Burton, Richard [Eugene].= Ct., 1859- ----. A littérateur and journalist of Hartford, Connecticut. Dogs and Dog Literature; Dumb in June, and Other Poems; Memorial Day and Other Poems; Men of Progress (edited). Cop.

=Burton, Warren.= N. H., 1800-1866. An educational writer of Boston. Cheering Views of Man and Providence; My Religious Experience at my Native Home; The Divine Agency in the Material Universe; Uncle Sam’s Recommendations of Phrenology; The District School as it Was; Helps to Education; Culture of the Observing Faculties in the Family and School; Scenery Showing.

=Burton, William Evans.= E., 1804-1860. A popular comedian of New York city. The Actor’s Alloquy; Waggeries and Vagaries; Cyclopædia of Wit and Humor. Ap.

=Bush, George.= Vt., 1796-1859. A Swedenborgian clergyman who was long a professor of Hebrew in the University of New York. Beside Commentaries on Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Joshua, Judges, the Psalms, his writings include Life of Mohammed; New Church Miscellanies; Priesthood and Clergy unknown to Christianity; Mesmer and Swedenborg; Treatise on the Millennium; The Resurrection of Christ. Har.

=Bushnell, Charles Ira.= N. Y., 1826-1883. An antiquarian writer of New York city, among whose works are Crumbs for Antiquarians; Adventures of Sir Christopher Hawkins (edited).

=Bushnell, Horace.= Ct., 1802-1876. A Congregational clergyman of Hartford, who was one of the foremost thinkers in his denomination. He was a fearless reasoner, and his literary style exhibits both clearness and beauty. Christian Nurture; God in Christ; Christ in Theology; The Vicarious Sacrifice; Politics the Law of God; Nature and the Supernatural; Moral Uses of Dark Things, his ablest work; Sermons for the New Life; Sermons on Living Subjects; Forgiveness and Law; The Age of Homespun; Woman Suffrage; Moral Tendencies and Results of Human History; Building Eras in Religion; The Character of Jesus; Work and Play; Christ and His Salvation. See Life and Letters, edited by his daughter, Mrs. Cheney; Atlantic Monthly, January, 1881.

=Bushnell, William H.= N. Y., 1823- ----. A littérateur of Washington. Biographical Sketches of the Early Settlers of Chicago; The Hermit of the Colorado Hills, a Story of the Texan Pampas; Ah Meek the Beaver, or The Copper Hunters of Lake Superior.

=Butler, Clement Moore.= N. Y., 1810-1890. An Episcopal clergyman of the evangelical type, professor of ecclesiastical history in the Episcopal Divinity School at Philadelphia, 1864-1884. Book of Common Prayer Interpreted by its History; Old Truths and New Errors; The Flock Fed; St. Paul in Rome; Inner Rome; Manual of Ecclesiastical History from the 1st to the 18th Century; The Reformation in Sweden, are his most important works. Ran.

=Butler, Frederick.= Circa 1766-1843. A writer of Hartford. History of the United States to 1820; The Farmer’s Manual; Memorial of Lafayette and his Tour in the United States.

=Butler, James Glentworth.= N. Y., 1821- ----. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York. The Bible Work, an extended scriptural commentary; The Fourfold Gospel. Fu.

=Butler, John Jay.= Me., 1814-1891. A Free Baptist clergyman of Michigan, professor of sacred literature in Hillsdale College from 1873. Natural and Revealed Theology; Commentary on the Gospels, are his principal works.

=Butler, Nicholas Murray.= N. J., 1862- ----. An educator of New York city, professor of philosophy in Columbia College. Horace Mann and American Systems of Education.

=Butler, Noble.= Pa., 1819-1882. A classical professor in the University of Louisville, who published A Practical and Critical English Grammar and other valuable text-books.

=Butler, Thomas Belden.= Ct., 1806-1873. A Connecticut jurist whose Philosophy of the Weather, 1856, appeared later in enlarged form as a Concise Analytical and Logical Development of the Atmospheric System.

=Butler, William.= I., 1819-1899. A Methodist missionary. The Land of the Veda; From Boston to Bareilly and Back; Mexico in Transition from the Power of Political Romanism to Civil and Religious Liberty.

=Butler, William Allen.= N. Y., 1825-1902. A lawyer of New York city well known as a writer of poetical satires, among which Nothing to Wear has long been famous. Others are, Two Millions; General Average, a satire upon mercantile life; Barnum’s Parnassus. His prose writings include, Martin Van Buren, a Biography; Mrs. Limber’s Raffle, an able attack on the morality of church fairs; Domesticus, a Story; Oberammergau. Ap. Har. Scr.

=Butterfield, Consul Willshire.= N. Y., 1824-1899. A Wisconsin educator. Historical Account of the Expedition against Sandusky, 1782; System of Punctuation for Schools; History of the Discovery of the Northwest by John Nicollet, 1634, comprise his chief works. Clke.

=Butterfield, Daniel.= N. Y., 1831-1901. A major-general in the United States army. Camp and Outpost Duty. Har.

=Butterworth, Hezekiah.= R. I., 1837- ----. A Boston writer, for many years editor of The Youth’s Companion. Besides publishing several volumes of Zig-Zag Journeys, Great Composers, The Knight of Liberty, In the Boyhood of Lincoln, The Patriot Schoolmaster, and other popular juvenile books, he is the author of two collections of musical verse, Songs of History; Poems for Christmas, Easter, and New Year’s. Ap. Cr. Est. Lo. Mer.

=Butts, Mrs. Mary Frances [Barber].= R. I., 1836- ----. A writer of popular juvenile works. Three Girls; Lottie; Nellie’s New Home; Lizzie and her Friends; The Frolic Series, are some of them.

=Byerly, William Ellwood.= Pa., 1849- ----. A professor of mathematics at Harvard University. Elements of Differential Calculus; Elements of Integral Calculus. Gi.

=Byers, Samuel Hawkins Marshall.= Ms., 1838- ----. A United States consul at Zurich, subsequently a consul-general to Italy and now a resident of Des Moines. Switzerland; Switzerland and the Swiss: Historical and Descriptive; Florence; History of Switzerland; What I Saw in Dixie; Military History of Iowa; The Happy Isles, and Other Poems.

=Byfield, Nathaniel.= E., 1653-1733. A jurist of note in Massachusetts in the colonial period. Account of the Late War in England, 1689.

=Byford, William Heath.= O., 1817-1890. A physician of prominence in Chicago. Practice of Medicine and Surgery Applied to Diseases and Accidents Peculiar to Women; Theory and Practice of Obstetrics; Philosophy of Domestic Life, are his more important works.

=Byington, Ezra Hoyt.= Vt., 1828-1901. A Congregational clergyman of Newton, Massachusetts. Puritan in England and New England; Puritan as Colonist and Reformer; Christ of Yesterday, To-day, and Forever. Lit.

=Byles, Mather.= Ms., 1706-1788. A Congregational clergyman of Boston famous both as preacher and wit. After 43 years’ ministry in the Hollis Street Church, his Tory sympathies obliged him to give up his charge in 1776. See Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit; Tyler’s American Literature; Unitarian Review, vol. 27; Atlantic Monthly, vol. 59.

=Bynner, Edwin Lassetter.= N. Y., 1842-1893. A popular historical novelist of Boston. His best work is included in the three historical tales, Agnes Surriage; The Begum’s Daughter; Zachary Phips. Of lesser importance are Nimport; Tritons; Damen’s Ghost; Penelope’s Suitors; An Uncloseted Skeleton (with L. P. Hale, infra); The Chase of the Meteor, a book for boys. Hou.

=Byrd, William.= Va., 1674-1744. A colonial Virginian and man of letters, whose Journals, first published in 1841, are known as The Westover Manuscripts, from Westover, the family mansion of Byrd. A fuller collection, styled The Byrd Manuscripts, was printed in 1866, edited by T. Wynne. They are well worth reading for their wit, keen observations, and vigorous style. They comprise The Story of the Dividing Line, an account of the expedition to fix the boundary between Virginia and North Carolina; A Progress to the Mines; A Journey to the Land of Eden. See Hart’s American Literature; Tyler’s American Literature; Century Magazine, vol. 20.

=Byrn, Marcus Lafayette.= 18-- - ----. A physician. Complete Practical Brewer; Rattlehead’s Travels, or the Recollections of a Backwoodsman; Complete Practical Distiller; Repository of Wit and Humour; Book of Nature, an expositor of the Science of Life and Sexual Physiology; Family Physician.

C

=Cabell, James Lawrence.= Va., 1813-1889. An eminent Virginia physician. The Testimony of Modern Science to the Unity of Mankind.

=Cabell, Mrs. Julia [Mayo].= Va., 18-- -185-. An Odd Volume of Facts and Fiction in Prose and Verse; Sketches and Recollections of Lynchburg.

=Cable, George Washington.= La., 1844- ----. A writer of fiction who has reproduced with much success the life and dialect among the creoles of Louisiana. He served in the Confederate army during the Civil War, and is now a resident of Northampton, Massachusetts. Old Creole Days; The Grandissimes; Madame Delphine; Dr. Sevier; John March, Southerner; Bonaventure; Strange True Stories of Louisiana; The Creoles of Louisiana; The Silent South; The Busy Man’s Bible; The Negro Question. See Vedder’s American Writers. Fl. Scr.

=Cabot, James Elliot.= Ms., 1821-1903. A Boston writer whose principal work is A Memoir of Ralph Waldo Emerson. Hou.

=Cahan, Abraham.= R., 1860- ----. A New York city journalist, editor of Zukunft. Yekl, a Tale of the New York Ghetto; Raphael Narizokh (in Yiddish). Ap.

=Cain, William.= N. C., 1847- ----. A professor of civil engineering in the University of North Carolina. Theory of Voussoir; Solid and Braced Arches; Maximum Stress in Framed Bridges; Solid and Braced Elastic Bridges; Symbolic Algebra; Practical Designing of Retaining Walls.

=Caines, George.= 1771-1825. A reporter of the New York Supreme Court. Lex Mercatoria Americana; Cases in the Court of Errors; Forms of New York Supreme Court; Summary of Practice in New York Supreme Court; Cases in the Court for Trial of Impeachments; New York Supreme Court Reports.

=Caldwell, Charles.= N. C., 1772-1853. A Kentucky physician, who beside publishing some 200 technical monographs and pamphlets, wrote The Life and Campaigns of General Greene, and translated Blumenbach’s Elements of Physiology. See Autobiography, 1855; Life, by Caruthers, infra; Sketches of Contemporaries, by S. D. Gross, infra.

=Caldwell, George Chapman.= Ms., 1834- ----. A professor of agricultural chemistry at Cornell University. Agricultural Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis; Manual of Introductory Chemical Practice (with A. Breneman); Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis (with S. M. Babcock).

=Caldwell, Joseph.= N. J., 1773-1835. A once noted educator who was president of the University of North Carolina. A Compendious System of Elementary Geometry; Letters of Carleton.

=Caldwell, Linus Boues.= N. Y., 1834- ----. A Methodist clergyman and educator, of Tennessee. Wines of Palestine, or The Bible Defended; Beyond the Grave.

=Caldwell, Merritt.= Me., 1806-1848. A professor of metaphysics at Dickinson College. The Doctrine of the English Verb; Manual of Elocution; Philosophy of Christian Perfection; Christianity Tested by Eminent Men. See Memoir by S. M. Vail. Meth.

=Caldwell, Samuel Lunt.= Ms., 1820-1889. A Baptist clergyman whose later life was passed in Providence. Cities of Our Faith and Other Addresses and Discourses. Hou.

=Caldwell, William Warner.= Ms., 1823- ----. A resident of Newburyport who has published Poems, Original and Translated, and has translated many lyrics from the German.

=Calef, Robert.= Ms., c. 1648-1719. A Boston merchant who published in 1700 More Wonders of the Invisible World, a satirical reply to Cotton Mather’s Wonders of the Invisible World. Its line of argument was in direct opposition to the witchcraft persecutions, and the book was publicly burnt by Increase Mather in the grounds of Harvard College. See Tyler’s American Literature.

=Calhoun= [kăl-hoon´], =John Caldwell.= S. C., 1782-1850. A South Carolina statesman who was secretary of state under Monroe, and again under Tyler, vice-president under John Quincy Adams, and United States senator from 1845 till his death. He was one of the ablest of political leaders, a great orator, and a political thinker of the first rank. His literary style is both vigourous and concise, and displays at times a remarkable intensity of expression. A Disquisition on Government; The Constitution and Government of the United States. See Works in 6 volumes; Parton’s Famous Americans; Lives by Jenkins; Von Holst. Ap.

=Calkins, Norman Allison.= N. Y., 1822-1895. The first assistant superintendent of primary schools in New York city for thirty-three years. Primary Object Lessons; How to Teach; Manual of Object Teaching; Aids for Object Teaching; Trades and Occupations; Natural History Series for Children.

=Callender, James Thomas.= E., 17-- -1803. A writer who was exiled from England on account of his pamphlet, The Political Progress of Great Britain. He was at first the friend and soon the violent political opponent of Thomas Jefferson. Sketches of the History of America; The Prospect before Us.

=Callender, John.= Ms., 1706-1748. A Baptist clergyman of Newport, Rhode Island, whose Historical Discourse, 1739, is a careful monograph of Rhode Island history for the first century of the colony’s existence. See edition of 1838, with notes and memoir.

=Calthrop, Samuel Robert.= E., 1829- ----. A Unitarian clergyman of Syracuse. Essay on Religion and Science; The Rights of the Body.

=Calvert, George Henry.= Md., 1803-1889. A littérateur of Newport, Rhode Island, who published a great number of volumes of verse that never was mistaken for poetry by any reader, and almost as many prose works. Among his writings are Goethe: his Life and Works; Dante and his Latest Translators; St. Beuve, the Critic; Count Julian, a tragedy; Three Score, and Other Poems; a translation of Schiller’s Don Carlos.

=Cameron, Henry Clay.= W. Va., 1827- ----. A professor at Princeton College since 1877. Princeton Roll of Honour; History of American Whig Society.

=Camp, Walter.= Ct., 1859- ----. A writer of prominence on athletic matters. Book of College Sports; American Football; Football Facts and Figures; Football (with L. F. Deland). Har. Hou.

=Campbell, Alexander.= I., 1788-1866. A Baptist clergyman of West Virginia, who was the founder of the sect of Campbellites, or Disciples of Christ. He established Bethany College in 1841, and was its first president. His writings, mainly controversial, are nearly sixty in number, among them being Christian Baptism; Infidelity Refuted by Infidels; Essay on Life and Death; Popular Lectures and Addresses; Christianity as it Was; Familiar Lectures on the Pentateuch; Six Letters to a Sceptic. See Hart’s American Literature; Memoir by Richardson, 1868.

=Campbell, Alexander Augustus.= Va., 1789-1846. A Presbyterian clergyman and physician, once prominent in Tennessee, whose only book was a work on Scripture Baptism.

=Campbell, Alexander James.= 18-- - ----. Son of A. Campbell, supra. The Power of Christ to Save to the Uttermost; American Practical Cyclopædia; A True Friend, reflections on Life, Character, and Conduct.

=Campbell, Bartley.= Pa., 1843-1888. A journalist of Pittsburg, who turned his attention to the stage and became a popular playwright. My Partner; The Galley Slave; Matrimony; Siberia; The Big Bonanza; The White Slave; and Peril, comprising his most successful plays.

=Campbell, Charles.= Va., 1807-1876. An educator of Petersburg, Virginia, whose father, John Wilson Campbell, a bookseller there for many years, wrote a History of Virginia to 1781. The writings of Charles Campbell include History of the Colony of Virginia; Genealogy of the Spotswood Family; The Bland Papers; Memoir of John Daly Burk, supra. Lip.

=Campbell, Douglas.= N. Y., 1840-1893. Son of W. W. Campbell, infra. A lawyer of New York city, whose notable historical work, The Puritan in Holland, England, and America, has attracted much attention. Har.

=Campbell, Douglas Houghton.= Mch., 1859- ----. A professor of botany in Stanford University. Elements of Structural and Systematic Botany; Structure and Development of the Mosses and Ferns. Mac.

=Campbell, Mrs. Helen [Stuart].= 1839- ----. A writer who is deeply concerned in philanthropic and social reforms, and whose work covers a wide range of topics. In Foreign Kitchens; The Easiest Way in Housekeeping, are books for the housekeeper. Prisoners of Poverty; Prisoners of Poverty Abroad; Some Passages in the Life of Dr. Martha Scarborough; Women Wage-Earners; Problem of the Poor; Darkness and Daylight in New York, relate to the social problems of the time. Six Sinners; His Grandmothers; Roger Berkeley’s Probation; Miss Melinda’s Opportunity; Mrs. Herndon’s Income; The What-to-Do-Club; Under Green Apple-Boughs; Unto the Third and Fourth Generation; Patty Pearson’s Boy, are fictions. Other works are Girls’ Handbook of Work and Play; A Sylvan City, a description of Philadelphia; The Ainslee Stories, for juvenile readers; Anne Bradstreet and her Time, supra. Fo. Hou. Lo. Rob.

=Campbell, James Valentine.= N. Y., 1823-1890. A Michigan jurist. Outlines of the Political History of Michigan.

=Campbell, John Lyle.= Va., 1818-1886. A professor of chemistry at Washington and Lee College, 1851-86. Manual of Scientific and Practical Agriculture; Idaho, Six Months in the New Gold Diggings; Guide to the Agricultural and Mineral West; Geology and Mineral Resources of the James River Valley, Virginia.

=Campbell, John Poage.= Va., 1767-1814. A once popular clergyman on the Ohio border. The Passenger; Strictures on Stone’s Letters on the Atonement; Vindex; Letters to the Rev. Mr. Craighead; The Pelagian Defeated; An Answer to Jones.

=Campbell, William Henry.= Md., 1808-1890. A Dutch Reformed clergyman, president of Rutgers College, 1863-82. Subjects and Modes of Baptism; Influence of Christianity in Civil and Religious Liberty; System of Catechetical Instruction.

=Campbell, William W.= N. Y., 1806-1881. A jurist of New York city. Annals of Tryon County, reissued as Border Warfare; Memoirs of Mrs. Grant, Missionary to Persia; Life and Writings of De Witt Clinton; Sketches of Robin Hood and Captain Kidd.

=Canfield, Henry Judson.= Ct., 1789-1856. An agriculturist who published a serviceable Treatise on the Breed, Management, Structure, and Diseases of Sheep.

=Cannon, Charles James.= N. Y., 1810-1860. A New York littérateur who besides compiling a series of readers published, among other works, Poems, Dramatic and Miscellaneous; Pencillings from the Web of Life, and a number of dramas now forgotten.

=Cannon, James Spencer.= W. I., 1776-1852. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of New Jersey, professor of metaphysics at Rutgers College, 1826-56. Lectures on Chronology; Lectures on Pastoral Theology.

=Capen, Nahum.= Ms., 1804-1886. A Boston publisher who was postmaster 1857-61, and introduced the custom of street letter-box collections. The Republic of the United States; Reminiscences of Spurzheim and Combe; History of Democracy, or Political Progress Historically Illustrated.

=Capers, William.= S. C., 1790-1855. A Methodist bishop once prominent in the South. Cathechisms for Negro Missions; Short Sermons and True Tales for Children. See Life, by Wightman, 1859.

=Carey, Henry Charles.= Pa., 1793-1879. Son of M. Carey, infra. One of the foremost of American political economists, who advocated protection as a preliminary step toward ultimate free trade. He opposed such theorists as Malthus and Ricardo, holding that human progress depends upon success in subjugating nature; that land values depend upon labour; and that the social well-being is directly dependent upon existing conditions. Principles of Political Economy; The Credit System; The Principles of Social Science; Lectures on the Currency; Letters on Political Economy; Letters on International Copyright; Financial Crises; The Unity of Law, comprise his chief works. See Allibone’s Dictionary; Memoir by Elder; Gross’s Sketches of Contemporaries. Bai. Lip.

=Carey, Matthew.= I., 1760-1839. An Irishman who came to America in 1785, entered into politics, and established himself in Philadelphia as a bookseller. His writings include The Olive Branch, or Faults on Both Sides, Federal and Democratic (1814), which soon entered a tenth edition; Vindiciæ Hibernicæ; Thoughts on Penitentiaries and Prison Discipline; Essays on Political Economy; The Yellow Fever of 1793.

=Carleton, Henry Guy.= N. M., 1856- ----. A journalist of New York city who is best known as a writer of plays, among which are Memnon; The Pembertons; Victor Durand.

=Carleton, Osgood.= 1742-1816. A Massachusetts mathematician. American Navigator; South American Pilot; Practice of Arithmetic.

=Carleton, William.= Mch., 1845- ----. A writer of homely verse which appeals with great force to imperfectly educated tastes, and has been very popular, but which is without literary merit. Farm Ballads; Farm Festivals; Farm Legends; City Legends; City Ballads; City Festivals; Rhymes of our Planet; Young Folks’ Centennial Rhymes; The Old Infant, and Similar Stories. Har.

=Carman [William], Bliss.= N. B., 1861- ----. A poet of Canadian birth, whose literary work has been done mainly in New York and Boston. Low Tide on Grand Pré; A Seamark; Behind the Arras; Songs from Vagabondia (with R. Hovey, infra); More Songs from Vagabondia (with R. Hovey); Ballads of Lost Haven, a Book of the Sea. Cop. Lam.

=Carnegie, Andrew.= S., 1835- ----. A noted steel-manufacturer of Pittsburg who came to America in 1845. He has made many important gifts to his native Scotland and to Pittsburg, and as a writer is distinguished for the rather exuberant Americanism of his work. An American Four-in-Hand in Europe; Round the World; Triumphant Democracy, or Fifty Years’ March of the Republic. Scr.

=Carnochan, John Murray.= Ga., 1817-1887. A New York surgeon of distinction. Treatise on Congenital Dislocations; Contributions to Operative Surgery. Har.

=Carpenter, Edmund Janes.= Ms., 1845- ----. A journalist of Boston. A Woman of Shawmut, a Romance of Colonial Times; History of Roger Williams. Lit.

=Carpenter, Esther Bernon.= R. I., 1848-1893. A writer of southern Rhode Island, whose South Country Neighbours is a series of sympathetic studies in fiction of Rhode Island types of character. Rob.

=Carpenter, Francis Bicknell.= N. Y., 1830-1900. A portrait painter of New York city, who painted The Emancipation Proclamation in the Capitol at Washington. Six Months in the White House with Abraham Lincoln.

=Carpenter, Henry Bernard.= I., 1840-1890. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, brother of W. Boyd Carpenter, the Anglican bishop of Ripon. He wrote principally in verse, his only published books including The Oatmeal Crusaders; Liber Amoris, a Metrical Romaunt of the Middle Ages; A Poet’s Last Songs. The last-named volume was issued after his death, with memorial sketch by J. J. Roche, infra. Hou.

=Carpenter, Stephen Cullen.= E., c. 17-- -1820. An English journalist who came to America in 1803 and settled in Charleston. Memoir of Thomas Jefferson, containing a Concise History of the United States (1809); An Overland Journey to India, published under the pseudonym “Donald Campbell.”

=Carpenter, Stephen Haskins.= N. J., 1831-1878. A Wisconsin educator, professor of literature at the University of Wisconsin. Evidences of Christianity; English of the 14th Century; Introduction to the Study of Anglo-Saxon; Elements of English Analysis. Gi.

=Carr, Lucien.= Mo., 1829- ----. An archæologist of Cambridge, assistant curator of the Peabody Museum, 1876-1894. The Mounds of the Mississippi Valley Historically Considered; Missouri, a brief history of the State; Prehistoric Remains of Kentucky (with N. S. Shaler, infra). Clke. Hou.

=Carrier, Augustus Stiles.= N. Y., 1857. A Presbyterian clergyman of Chicago, professor of Hebrew in McCormick Theological Seminary from 1892. The Hebrew Verb, a Series of Tabular Studies.

=Carrington, Henry Beebe.= Ct., 1824- ----. A general in the United States army living in Boston. His principal writings include Crisis Thoughts; Battles of the American Revolution; Apsaraka, or Indian Operations on the Plains; Hints to Soldiers Taking the Field; The Washington Obelisk and its Voices. See One of a Thousand. Bar. Le. Lip.

=Carrol, John.= Md., 1735-1817. The first Roman Catholic archbishop of Baltimore. His writings are mainly of a controversial cast. Concise View of the Principal Points of Controversy between the Protestant and Catholic Churches; Discourse on General Washington.

=Carroll, Anna Ella.= Md., 1815-1894. A political writer who was the real author of the Federal campaign of 1862 in Tennessee. The Great American Battle, or The Contest between Christianity and Political Romanism; The Star of the West, or National Men and National Measures; The Union of the States; The War Powers of the General Government; The Relation of the National Government to the Revolted Citizens Defined. See S. E. Blackwell’s A Military Genius.

=Carroll, Henry King.= N. J., 1847- ----. A Methodist clergyman and religious statistician. The World of Missions; The Catholic Dogma of Church Authority; The Religious Forces of the United States.

=Carryl, Charles Edward.= N. Y., 1841- ----. A broker of New York city, the author of the popular juvenile tales, Davy and the Goblin; The Admiral’s Caravan. Cent. Hou.

=Carson, Joseph.= 1808-1876. A medical professor at the University of Pennsylvania from 1850. Illustrations of Medical Botany; Lectures on Materia Medica and Pharmacy.

=Carter, Franklin.= Ct., 1837- ----. President of Williams College. Life of Mark Hopkins, infra, and a scholarly translation of Goethe’s Iphigenie auf Tauris. Hou.

=Carter, James Gordon.= Ms., 1795-1849. A once prominent educator of Massachusetts. Essays on Popular Education; Geography of New Hampshire; Geography of Massachusetts; Letters to William Prescott on the Free Schools of New England.

=Carter, Nathaniel Franklin.= N. H., 1830- ----. A Congregational clergyman in New Hampshire. The Ride for Life, and Other Poems; History of Pembroke, New Hampshire.

=Carter, Nathaniel Hazeltine.= N. H., 1787-1830. A New York journalist who published Letters from Europe (1827), and wrote many poems of reflection.

=Carter, Peter.= S., 1825- ----. A prominent New York publisher. Crumbs from the Land of Cakes, a volume of travels in Scotland; Scotia’s Bards; and three juvenile tales, including Bertie Lee; Donald Fraser; Effie’s Home.

=Carter, Robert.= N. Y., 1819-1879. A New York writer who was one of the editors of Appleton’s American Cyclopædia, to which he contributed many articles. A Summer Cruise on the Coast of New England was his only book of importance.

=Carter, Russel Kelso.= Md., 1849- ----. A mathematician of Chester, Pennsylvania, prominent in the “Holiness” movement in the Methodist church and as a Faith healer. The Atonement for Sin and Sickness; Miracles of Healing.

=Cartwright, Peter.= Va., 1785-1872. A once famous Methodist preacher of Illinois. Controversy with the Devil; Autobiography of a Backwoods Preacher; Fifty Years a Presiding Elder.

=Caruthers, William Alexander.= Va., 1800-1850. A physician of Savannah who wrote a number of romances now quite forgotten. The Kentuckian in New York; The Cavaliers of Virginia; Knights of the Horse Shoe; Life of Charles Caldwell, supra.

=Cary, Alice.= O., 1820-1871. An Ohio writer who came with her sister Phœbe to New York city in 1852, and as poet and novelist became prominent in literary circles there. The weekly receptions of the sisters were attended by artists and writers for many years. Her books of verse include Lyra, and Other Poems; A Lover’s Diary; Ballads, Lyrics, and Hymns; Early and Late Poems (with Phœbe Cary, infra). Her other works are Clovernook, a book of the type of Miss Mitford’s Our Village; Pictures of Country Life; the novels, Hagar; The Bishop’s Son; Married, not Mated. Snowberries, a juvenile; From Year to Year, a Token of Remembrance (with P. Cary). See Memorials of Alice and Phœbe Cary, by Mrs. [Clemmer] Hudson. Hou. Lip.

=Cary, Edward.= N. Y., 1840- ----. A journalist of New York city on the editorial staff of The Times. Life of George William Curtis, infra. Hou.

=Cary, George Lovell.= Ms., 1830- ----. A professor of New Testament literature at Meadville Theological School since 1862. Introduction to the Greek of the New Testament.

=Cary, Phœbe.= O., 1824-1871. Sister of A. Cary, supra. Poems and Parodies; Poems of Faith, Hope, and Love. She will be longest remembered by the well-known hymn, Nearer Home. Hou. Lip.

=Casey, Silas.= R. I., 1807-1882. A general in the United States army who published Infantry Tactics; Infantry Tactics for Colored Troops.

=Cass, Lewis.= N. H., 1782-1866. A statesman of Michigan who was the Democratic candidate for president in 1845. Inquiries Concerning the History, Traditions, and Languages of the Indians in the United States; France, its King, Court, and Government, 1840. See Lives by Schoolcraft, 1848; W. L. G. Smith, 1856; McLaughlin, 1891.

=Cassin, John.= Pa., 1813-1869. A naturalist of Philadelphia whose American Ornithology is a continuation of Audubon’s work on that subject. Other works of his are Ornithology of the Japan Expedition; Mammalogy and Ornithology of the Wilkes Exploring Expedition; Illustrations of the Birds of California, Texas, etc.; A General Synopsis of North American Ornithology. Lip.

=Castlemon, Harry.= See Fosdick.

=Caswall, Henry.= E., 1810-1870. An Episcopal clergyman of English birth, but ordained in the United States, where the most of his life was spent. He lived for a time in England, however, and was a prebend of Salisbury. An Epitome of the History of the American Episcopal Church (1836); Didascalus, or The Teacher; Mormonism and its Author; The Jerusalem Chamber, or Convocation and its Possibilities; The Californian Crusoe, a Tale of Mormonism; Scotland and the Scottish Church; The Western World Revisited; The Martyr of the Pongas; The American Church and the American Union, include the majority of his writings.

=Caswell, Alexis.= Ms., 1799-1877. A Baptist clergyman and educator; for 35 years a professor at Brown University, and its president, 1868-72. Lectures on Astronomy; Meteorological Observations.

=Cathcart, William.= I., 1826- ----. A Baptist clergyman of Philadelphia. The Baptists and the American Revolution; The Papal System; The Baptism of the Ages and the Nations; The Baptist Encyclopædia.

=Catherwood, Mrs. Mary [Hartwell].= O., 1847-1902. A writer of Hoopeston, Illinois, whose historical romances dealing with the early days of Canada and the Northwest are as notable for their careful attention to historical details as for their graphic and picturesque style. A Woman in Armour; The Lady of Fort St. John; The Romance of Dollard; Story of Tonty; Old Kaskaskia; The Chase of St. Castin, and Other Tales; The Spirit of an Illinois Town; The White Islander, a story of Mackinac; Craque o’ Doom. Her books for young people include Old Caravan Days; The Dogberry Bunch; Rocky Fork; The Secrets of Roseladies. Cent. Hou. Lip. Lo. Mg.

=Catlin, George.= Pa., 1796-1872. An artist who spent many years among the Indians. Notes of Eight Years in Europe; Illustrations of the Manners, Customs, and Condition of the North American Indians; Notes for the Emigrant to America; Life among the Indians, a Book for Youth; The Breath of Life, or Mal-Respiration and its Effects; O-Kee-Pa, a Religious Ceremony, and other Customs of the Mandans; Last Rambles Among the Indians of the Rocky Mountains; The Lifted and Subsided Rocks of America. See Tuckerman’s Book of the Artists.

=Catlin, George Lynde.= S. I., 1840-1896. A journalist and diplomat, consul at Limoges, Stuttgart, and Zurich. Bilbigheim, a story; The Presidential Campaign of 1896, written in 1888; Titbits for Travellers; The Postilion of Nagold and Other Poems. Fu.

=Caton, John Dean.= N. Y., 1812-1895. A jurist of Chicago. A Summer in Norway; The Last of the Illinois and a Sketch of the Pottawatomies; The Antelope and the Deer of America; Miscellanies, Speeches, and Essays.

=Caulkins, Frances Mainwaring.= Ct., 1796-1869. A local historian of Connecticut. A History of Norwich; A History of New London.

=Cawein, Madison Julius.= Ky., 1865- ----. A poet of Louisville, Kentucky, whose verse is very musical, and shows much individuality. Days and Dreams; Moods and Memories; Intimations of the Beautiful; Blooms of the Berry; The Triumph of Music; Accolon of Gaul; Lyrics and Idyls; Poems of Nature and Love; Red Leaves and Roses; The Garden of Dreams; Undertones. Cop. Mor. Put.

=Cesnola= [ches-no´la], =Luigi Palma di.= It., 1832-1904. An archæologist who served in the Union army during the War and became a colonel, but for a number of years filled the position of director of the Metropolitan Museum of New York city. Cyprus, its Ancient Cities, Tombs, and Temples; The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Ap. Har.

=Chadbourne, Paul Ansel.= Me., 1823-1883. A Congregational clergyman who was president of Williams College, 1872-81. Relations of Natural History to Intellect, Taste, Wealth, and Religion; Natural Theology; Instinct in Animals and Men; Strength of Men and Stability of Nations; The Hope of the Righteous; The Public Services of the State of New York [with W. B. Moore]. Bar. Put.

=Chadwick, Henry.= N. H., 1824- ----. An authority on games and sports. Base Ball Players’ Book of Reference; Base Ball, How to Learn, Play, and Teach It; Base Ball Manual; Sports and Pastimes of American Boys.

=Chadwick, John White.= Ms., 1840- ----. A Unitarian clergyman of Brooklyn, prominent among the more radical thinkers of his denomination. The Man Jesus; The Faith of Reason; The Bible of To-Day; Old and New Unitarian Belief; The Power of an Endless Life; The Revelation of God, and Other Sermons; Thomas Paine: the Method and Value of his Religious Teachings; George William Curtis: an Address; A Book of Poems; In Nazareth Town, and Other Poems. Har. Put. Rob.

=Chaffin, William Ladd.= Me., 1837- ----. A Unitarian clergyman of Easton, Massachusetts, whose History of Easton is of notable excellence.

=Chaillé, Stanford Emerson.= Mi., 1830- ----. A prominent physician of New Orleans. Yellow Fever in Havana and Cuba; Laws of Population and Voters; Living, Dying, Registering, and Voting Population of Louisiana; Intimidation of Voters in Louisiana; Origin and Progress of Medical Jurisprudence, 1776-1876.

=Chalkley, Thomas.= E., 1675-1741. A Quaker itinerant preacher born in London, who spent his life preaching throughout New England and the Southern colonies. His writings, consisting of religious tracts and a Journal of his experiences, published as Life, Labours, and Travels, are noted for their quaint simplicity. His Journal has been very popular among the Friends, and has been several times reprinted. See Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 9.

=Chalmers, Lionel.= S., c. 1715-1777. A once noted physician of Charleston. Treatise on the Weather and Diseases of South Carolina; Essay on Fevers.

=Chamberlain, Jacob.= Ct., 1835- ----. A Reformed Dutch missionary to India. The Bible Tested is his most important work.

=Chamberlain, Nathan Henry.= Ms., 1830-1901. An Episcopal clergyman of Massachusetts, whose principal writings include The Autobiography of a New England Farm House; Samuel Sewell and the World he Lived In; The Sphinx in Aubrey Parish.

=Chamberlayne, Israel.= N. Y., 1795-1875. A Methodist clergyman. The Past and the Future; The Australian Captive; Saving Faith: its Rationale; The Great Specific against Despair of Pardon. Meth.

=Chamberlin, Joseph Edgar.= Vt., 1851- ----. A Boston journalist on the staffs of The Transcript and the Youth’s Companion. The Listener in the Town; The Listener in the Country. Cop.

=Chamberlin, Thomas Chrowder.= Il., 1843- ----. A prominent geologist of Wisconsin. Outline of a Course of Oral Instruction; Geology of Wisconsin.

=Chambers, Charles Julius.= O., 1850- ----. A journalist long connected with the New York Herald. A Mad World and its Inhabitants, a description of lunatic asylums founded on the author’s personal experience in one in disguise; On a Margin, a Story of These Times; Lovers Four and Maidens Five, a Story. Ap. Fu.

=Chambers, Robert William.= L. I., 1865- ----. A novelist and artist of New York city. In the Quarter; The King in Yellow; The Red Republic; The Maker of Moons; The Mystery of Choice; A King and a Few Dukes; With the Band, a book of ballads. Ne. Put. St.

=Chambers, Talbot Wilson.= Pa., 1819-1896. A noted Reformed Dutch clergyman of New York city. The Noon Prayer Meeting in Fulton Street; Memoir of Theodore Frelinghuysen; The Psalter a Witness to the Divine Origin of the Bible; Companion to the Revised Version of the Old Testament. Fu.

=Champlin, James Tifft.= Ct., 1811-1882. A Baptist clergyman of Portland, Maine, president of Colby University, 1857-73. First Principles of Ethics; Lessons on Political Economy; Text-Book of Intellectual Philosophy; Scripture Reading Lessons; The Constitution of the United States, with Brief Comments; and a series of classical text-books. See Bibliography of Maine.

=Champlin, John Denison.= Ct., 1834- ----. A littérateur of New York city. Young Folks’ Cyclopædia of Common Things; Young Folks’ Cyclopædia of Persons and Places; Young Folks’ History of the War for the Union; Young Folks’ Catechism of Common Things; Young Folks’ Cyclopædia of Games and Sports; Young Folks’ Astronomy; Chronicle of the Coach: Charing Cross to Ilfracombe. With W. F. Apthorp, supra, he has edited a Cyclopædia of Music and Musicians, and with C. C. Perkins, infra, a Cyclopædia of Painters and Paintings. Ho. Scr.

=Champney, Mrs. Elizabeth [Williams].= O., 1850- ----. A popular New York writer for young people, and wife of the artist, J. Wells Champney, who has illustrated many of her books. The Three Vassar Girls Series; The Witch Winnie Books; The Bubbling Teapot; Howling Wolf and his Trick-Pony; All Around a Palette; Children’s Art Sketches; In the Sky Garden; Fables in Astronomy, and other juveniles; and the novels, Bourbon Lilies; Sebia’s Tangled Web; Rosemary and Rue. Do. Est. Lo. Ran.

=Chancellor, Charles Williams.= Va., 1833- ----. An eminent physician of Baltimore. Prisons, Reformatories, and Charitable Institutions of Maryland; Mineral Waters and Seaside Resorts; Contagious and Infectious Diseases; Drainage of the Marsh Lands of Maryland; Heredity; The Sewerage of Cities.

=Chandler, Bessie.= See Parker, Mrs.

=Chandler, Elizabeth Margaret.= Del., 1807-1835. A verse-writer whose themes were mainly those relating to the subject of anti-slavery, in which she was greatly interested. See Poetical Works and Essays, with Memoir by Benjamin Lundy.

=Chandler, Peleg Whitman.= Me., 1816-1889. A prominent lawyer of Boston. The Bankrupt Law of the United States; American Criminal Trials; Memoir of Governor Andrew; Observations on the Authenticity of the Gospels. Rob.

=Chaney, George Leonard.= Ms., 1836- ----. A Unitarian clergyman, pastor of the Hollis Street Church in Boston, 1862-79, and subsequently pastor in Atlanta, Georgia, where he edited the Southern Unitarian, 1893-96. F. Grant & Co., a story for boys; Tom, a Home Story; Aloha, travels in the Sandwich Islands; Every Day Life and Every Day Morals; Belief. Rob.

=Chaney, Lucien West.= N. Y., 1857- ----. A naturalist, professor of biology in Carleton College, Minnesota, since 1882, and author of Guides for the Laboratory.

=Chanler, Mrs. Amélie Rives.= See Troubetzkoy.

=Channing, Edward.= Ms., 1856- ----. Son of W. E. Channing, 2d. A professor of history at Harvard University since 1883. Guide to the Study of American History (with A. B. Hart, infra); Town and County Government of the English Colonies of North America; Narragansett Planters; The United States of America, 1765-1865. Gi. Mac.

=Channing, Edward Tyrrel.= R. I., 1790-1856. Brother of W. E. Channing, infra. A professor of rhetoric and oratory at Harvard University. Life of William Ellery; Lectures on Rhetoric and Oratory (with Memoir by R. H. Dana, Jr.).

=Channing, Walter.= R. I., 1786-1876. Brother of W. E. Channing, infra. A physician of prominence in Boston for many years, and medical professor in Harvard University. The Prevention of Pauperism; Etherization in Childbirth; Professional Reminiscences of Foreign Travel; New and Old; Miscellaneous Poems; A Physician’s Vacation, or A Summer in Europe; Reformation of Medical Science.

=Channing, William Ellery.= R. I., 1780-1842. A Unitarian theologian of eminence, who became pastor of the Federal Street Church in Boston in 1803. He was the foremost theologian in America in his time, and his influence is still great. He wrote upon philanthropic and social as well as religious and ethical questions, and was a noted opponent of slavery. His writings have been translated into French, Italian, German, Icelandic, Russian, and Hungarian. Evidences of Revealed Religion; Self-Culture; Essay on Milton; The Duty of the Free States, are among his most notable works. See Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit; Lives by W. H. Channing, infra; C. T. Brooks, supra; Reminiscences by Miss Peabody; Correspondence of Channing and Lucy Aikin; New England Magazine, December, 1896. A. U. A.

=Channing, William Ellery.= Ms., 1818-1901. Son of W. Channing, supra. A poet and essayist of Concord, Massachusetts, who married a sister of Margaret Fuller, infra. His verse is thoroughly original in tone and more or less willful in form. His work in verse includes The Youth of the Painter, a series of psychological essays; Poems 1843-47; The Woodman; The Wanderer; Near Home; Eliot; John Brown; Thoreau, the Poet Naturalist; Conversations in Rome between an Artist, a Catholic, and a Critic, are prose volumes.

=Channing, William Francis.= Ms., 1820-1901. Son of W. E. Channing, 1st. A physician, scientist, and inventor. Davis’s Manual of Magnetism; Medical Application of Electricity; The American Fire Alarm Telegraph.

=Channing, William Henry.= Ms., 1810-1884. Nephew of W. E. Channing. A Unitarian clergyman who settled in England, and succeeded James Martineau as pastor of the Unitarian Chapel in Hope Street, Liverpool. The Christian Church and Social Reform; Memoirs of Wm. E. Channing; Memoirs of James H. Perkins; Memoirs of Margaret Fuller (with R. W. Emerson and J. F. Clarke). A. U. A.

=Chapin, Aaron Lucius.= Ct., 1817-1892. A Congregational clergyman of Wisconsin, who was president of Beloit College, 1849-86. First Principles of Political Economy.

=Chapin, Alonzo Bowen.= Ct., 1808-1858. An Episcopal clergyman of Hartford. Classical Spelling-Book; Organization and Order of the Primitive Church; Views of Gospel Truth; Glastenbury for 200 Years (1853); Puritanism not Protestantism.

=Chapin, Edwin Hubbell.= N. Y., 1814-1881. A Universalist clergyman of New York city, long the foremost preacher in his denomination. The Crown of Thorns; Humanity in the City; Christianity the Perfection of True Manliness; Moral Aspects of City Life; Discourses on the Lord’s Prayer; Hours of Communion; Token for the Sorrowing; Characters in the Gospels. See Life, by Sumner Ellis.

=Chapin, James Henry.= Ind., 1832-1892. A Universalist clergyman and educator, professor of geology in St. Lawrence University, 1871-92. Sketches of the Huguenots; The Creation and Early Development of Mankind; From Japan to Granada, a Tour Around the World. See Life of, by G. S. Weaver. Put.

=Chaplin, Mrs. Ada C.= Ms., 1842-1883. A Massachusetts writer of religious juveniles, some of which are Christ’s Cadets; Charity Hurlburt; Our Gold Mine, the Story of American Baptist Missions in India.

=Chaplin, Heman White.= R. I., 1847- ----. Son of J. Chaplin, 2d. A lawyer of Boston, whose Five Hundred Dollars, and Other Stories of New England Life, are exceptionally faithful and delicate studies of character, and rank among the foremost of American short stories. Lit.

=Chaplin, Mrs. Jane [Dunbar].= S., 1819-1884. Wife of J. Chaplin, 2d, infra, and daughter of Duncan Dunbar. Among her various writings, mainly religious juveniles, are The Transplanted Shamrock; Black and White; The Convent and the Manse.

=Chaplin, Jeremiah.= Ms., 1776-1841. A Baptist clergyman and educator, the first president of Colby University, 1822-33. The Evening of Life.

=Chaplin, Jeremiah.= Ms., 1813-1886. Son of J. Chaplin, supra. A Baptist clergyman of Newton, Massachusetts, who after leaving the ministry devoted himself to literary pursuits in Boston. The Memorial Hour; The Hand of Jesus; Riches of Bunyan; Life of Henry Dunster, First President of Harvard College; Chips from the White House; Life of Benjamin Franklin; Life of Galen; Life of Duncan Dunbar; Life of Charles Sumner (with Jane Chaplin). Lo.

=Chapman, Alvan Wentworth.= Ms., 1809-1899. A botanist for whom the genus Chapmannia was named. Flora of the Southern United States.

=Chapman, George Thomas.= E., 1786-1872. An Episcopal clergyman. Sketches of Alumni of Dartmouth College from 1771-1868.

=Chapman, Henry Cadwalader.= Pa., 1845- ----. Grandson of N. Chapman, infra. A physician of Philadelphia. Evolution of Life; History of the Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood.

=Chapman, Nathaniel.= Va., 1780-1853. A Philadelphia physician and professor of medicine in the University of Pennsylvania, 1814-50. Materia Medica and Therapeutics, long a valued text-book; Select Speeches (edited); Lectures on Eruptive Fevers, Hemorrhages and Dropsies; Lectures on Thoracic Viscera. See Gross’s Sketches of Contemporaries.

=Charles, Mrs. Emily [Thornton].= Ind., 1845-189-. A Washington journalist who published two volumes of verse. Hawthorn Blossoms; Lyrical Poems. Lip.

=Chase, George.= Me., 1849- ----. A professor of criminal law at Columbia College. The American Students’ Blackstone.

=Chase, George Wingate.= Ms., 1826-1867. A native and resident of Haverhill, Massachusetts. History of Haverhill, 1640-1860; The Freemason’s Monitor; Masonic Dictionary and Manual of Masonic Law; Tactics for Knights Templars and Appendant Authors.

=Chase, Irah.= Vt., 1793-1864. A Baptist clergyman of prominence who founded the theological seminary at Newton Centre, Massachusetts, and was professor there, 1825-45. Life of Bunyan; Design of Baptism; The Jewish Tabernacle; Infant Baptism an Invention of Men; The Constitutions of the Holy Apostles, are his principal works.

=Chase, Lucien B.= Vt., 1817-1864. A member of Congress from Tennessee, who wrote the History of Polk’s Administration.

=Chase, Philander.= N. H., 1775-1852. The first Protestant Episcopal bishop of Ohio, and, later, of Illinois. He founded Kenyon College at Gambier, Ohio. A Plea for the West; Defence of Kenyon College; Reminiscences.

=Chase, Pliny Earle.= Ms., 1820-1886. An educator and scientist of Philadelphia. Numerical Relations of Gravity and Magnetism; Elements of Meteorology; Elements of Arithmetic; Common School Arithmetic.

=Chase, Thomas.= Ms., 1827-1892. Brother of P. E. Chase, supra. An educator of Pennsylvania, and president of Haverford College. He was co-editor with George Stuart of a series of classical text-books, and also published Hellas, her Monuments and Scenery, descriptive of his travels in Greece.

=Chatard, Francis Silas Marean.= Md., 1834- ----. The Roman Catholic bishop of Vincennes. Christian Truths.

=Chatfield-Taylor, Hobart Chatfield.= Il., 1865- ----. A novelist of Chicago. With Edge Tools; An American Peeress; Two Women and a Fool; The Land of the Castanet.

=Chauncy= [chän´sĭ or chaun´sĭ], =Charles.= E., 1592-1672. A Puritan clergyman, vicar of Ware, 1627-35. He came to America in 1638, and was 13 years minister at Scituate. He was the second president of Harvard College, succeeding Henry Dunster in 1654. His most important work is a series of Twenty-Six Sermons on Justification. Antisynodalia Scripta America, a controversial pamphlet, appeared in 1662. See Tyler’s American Literature; Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 10.

=Chauncy, Charles.= Ms., 1705-1787. Great-grandson of C. Chauncy, supra. A Congregational clergyman of Boston. A vigourous, logical thinker, who exercised a great influence upon colonial thought. Seasonable Thoughts on the State of Religion in New England; Discourse on Enthusiasm, directed against Whitefield, of whose teachings he was a strong opponent; Letters to Whitefield; Complete View of Episcopacy; The Mystery hid from the Ages; Benevolence of the Deity; Five Dissertations on the Fall and its Consequences; Validity of Presbyterian Ordination, comprise his principal works. See Tyler’s American Literature; Chauncy Memorials.

=Chauvenet= [shō-ve-nay´], =William.= Pa., 1820-1870. A mathematician who was chancellor of Washington University, St. Louis, 1862-69. Binomial Theorem and Logarithms; Plane and Spherical Trigonometry; Manual of Spherical and Practical Astronomy; Elementary Geometry. See Memoir, 1877. Lip.

=Checkley, John.= Ms., 1680-1753. An Episcopal clergyman of Rhode Island, noted in his day for his witty, reckless attacks on his theological opponents. Choice Dialogues about Predestination.

=Cheetham, James.= E., 1772-1810. An English journalist who came to America in 1798, and became editor of The American Citizen. Nine Letters on Burr’s Defection; Reply to Aristides; Life of Thomas Paine, a work written from a hostile point of view.

=Cheever, Ezekiel.= E., 1615-1708. A colonial educator of Boston, who was master of the Latin School for many years. Scripture Prophecies Explained, an essay on the millennium; Latin Accidence, for a century a standard introductory Latin text-book in New England.

=Cheever, George Barrell.= Me., 1807-1890. A noted Congregational clergyman of New York city. Deacon Giles’s Distillery; Studies in Poetry; Wanderings of a Pilgrim in the Shadow of Mont Blanc; Lectures on Pilgrim’s Progress; Journal of the Pilgrims at Plymouth; God Against Slavery; Incidents and Memories of the Christian Life; The Guilt of Slavery; The Republic or the Oligarchy, Which?; Faith, Doubt, and Evidence; God’s Timepiece for Man’s Eternity; Lectures on Cowper; Windings of the River of the Water of Life, include his principal writings. Ran. Wi.

=Cheever, Henry Theodore.= Me., 1814-1897. Brother of G. B. Cheever, supra. A Congregational clergyman. Way Marks in the Moral War with Slavery; Correspondences of Faith and Views of Madame Guyon; The Island World of the Pacific; Life in the Sandwich Islands; The Whale and his Captors; The Pulpit and the Pew; Life of Nathaniel Cheever; Life of Walter Colton, infra; Captain Caugar. Har.

=Chellis, Mary Dwinell.= See Lund, Mrs.

=Cheney, Mrs. Ednah Dow [Littlehale].= Ms., 1824-1904. A Boston writer, associated in early life with the prominent New England transcendentalists, who was long active in the woman-suffrage movement, and whose writing had more or less to do with philosophical themes. Her principal works comprise Hand-book of American History for Coloured People; Faithful to the Light, and Other Tales; Stories of the Olden Time; Gleanings in the Fields of Art; Life of Louisa Alcott, supra; Life of Christian Daniel Rauch, Sculptor; Memoir of John Cheney, Engraver; Memoir of Dr. Susan Dimock; Nora’s Return, a sequel to Ibsen’s Doll’s House; Sally Williams, the Mountain Girl.

=Cheney, Mrs. Harriet Vaughan [Foster].= Ms., c. 1815- ----. Daughter of Hannah Foster, infra. Confessions of an Early Martyr; A Peep at the Pilgrims in 1636; The Rivals of Acadia; Sketches from the Life of Christ; The Sunday School, or Village Sketches (with her sister, Mrs. Cushing).

=Cheney, John Vance.= N. Y., 1848- ----. Son of S. P. Cheney, infra. A poet and essayist, for some years at the head of the public library in San Francisco, and now (1897) librarian of the Newberry Library in Chicago. His work in verse includes Thistle Drift; Wood Blooms; Queen Helen, and Other Poems. In prose, The Old Doctor, a Romance of Queer Village; The Golden Guess, a series of critical essays; That Dome in Air, a similar collection of critical studies. Ap. Cop. Le. Mg. Sto. Wy.

=Cheney, Simeon Pease.= N. H., 1818-1890. A once noted musical educator of Vermont. The American Singing Book; Wood Notes Wild, notations of Bird Music. Le.

=Cheney, Theseus Apoleon.= N. Y., 1830-1878. A writer who devoted his attention to the history of the western portion of his native State. Report on the Ancient Monuments of Western New York; Historical Sketch of the Chemung Valley; Historical Sketch of 18 Counties of Central and Southern New York; Laron; Relations of Government to Science; Antiquarian Researches.

=Chenoweth, Mrs. Caroline [Van Dusen].= Ind., 1846- ----. A teacher of literature in Boston and New York. Stories of the Saints. Hou.

=Chesebro= [cheez´brō], =Caroline.= N. Y., 1825-1873. A writer of stories and sketches who was during the latter part of her life a teacher in the Packer Institute of Brooklyn. Her writing displays much individuality, and the novel, The Foe in the Household, her finest work, is a careful study of some unfamiliar phases of Pennsylvania life. Her other works include The Beautiful Gate and Other Sketches; Peter Carradine; The Children of Light; Susan the Fisherman’s Daughter; The Little Cross Bearers; Dream-Land by Daylight; Philly and Kit; Victoria; Amy Carr; The Glen Cabin.

=Chester, Albert Huntington.= N. Y., 1843- ----. A professor of chemistry and metallurgy at Rutgers College. Dictionary of the Names of Minerals; Catalogue of Minerals with their Chemical Composition and Synonyms. Wil.

=Chester, Frederick Dixon Walthall.= W. I., 1861- ----. A geologist of Delaware who has written many monographs upon local state geology.

=Chester, Joseph Lemuel.= Ct., 1821-1882. A Philadelphia journalist who went to England in 1858, living in London, and devoting himself to antiquarian research till he became one of the most famous genealogists of his day. His own writings include Greenwood Cemetery and Other Poems; Treatise on the Laws of Repulsion; Educational Laws of Virginia: the personal narrative of Margaret Douglass, imprisoned for the crime of teaching free coloured children to read; John Rogers, the Compiler of the English Bible; Preliminary Investigation of the Alleged Ancestry of George Washington. His most important antiquarian work is an edition of the Marriage, Baptismal, and Burial Registers of Westminster Abbey, with notes, on which he spent 17 years’ labour. He edited also the parish registers of six London city churches. See Dictionary of National Biography, vol. x.

=Chickering, Jesse.= N. H., 1797-1855. A Boston physician who was a Unitarian minister in his earlier career, and later became a noted writer on political economy. Statistical View of the Population of Massachusetts, 1765-1840; Emigration into the United States; Reports on the Census of Boston; Letter to the President on Slavery in Relation to Constitutional Government in Great Britain and the United States.

=Chickering, John White.= Ms., 1808-1888. A Congregational clergyman of Portland, Maine, 1835-65. What it is to Believe in Christ, a very widely circulated tract; The Hillside Church.

=Child, Francis James.= Ms., 1825-1896. A professor at Harvard University, 1851-96, and the foremost authority upon all matters pertaining to ballad literature. He edited the American edition of The British Poets, in 130 volumes; English and Scottish Popular Ballads; The Debate between the Body and the Soul, and other specimens of mediæval literature. As a Chaucerian scholar he had few equals. Observations on the Language of Chaucer; Observations on the Language of Gower’s Confessio Amantis. See Atlantic Monthly, December, 1896. Hou.

=Child, Mrs. Lydia Maria [Francis].= Ms., 1802-1880. A once famous writer whose literary career began with the publication of Hobomok, a Tale of Early Times, in 1821, and closed with Aspirations of the World, in 1878. In 1833 she sacrificed much of her popularity by her Appeal for that Class of Americans Called Africans, and was ever after prominent as an abolitionist, assisting her husband in editing the National Anti-Slavery Standard. Among her other works are included The Rebels, a novel in which occur a speech by James Otis and a sermon by Whitefield, long supposed to be real and not imaginary; The First Settlers of New England; The Mother’s Book; The Girl’s Book; Philothea, a Greek romance; The Power of Kindness; Isaac T. Hopper, a True Life, a popular biography of a noted Quaker abolitionist; The Progress of Religious Ideas; Autumnal Leaves; Looking Toward Sunset; The Freedman’s Book; Miria, a Romance of the Republic. See Letters of; Lowell’s Fable for Critics. Hou. Rob.

=Childs, George William.= Md., 1829-1894. A noted journalist of Philadelphia who established the Public Ledger in 1864. Recollections of General Grant; Personal Recollections. Lip.

=Chiles, Mrs. Mary Eliza [Hicks] [Hemdin].= Ky., 1820- ----. Among her writings are Louisa Elton, a reply to “Uncle Tom;” Bandits of Italy; Oswyn Dudley; Select Poems.

=Chipman, Nathaniel.= Ct., 1752-1843. A Vermont jurist who was professor of law at Middlebury College, 1816-43. Sketches of the Principles of Law; Reports and Dissertations. See Life, by D. Chipman, 1846.

=Chittenden, Lucius Eugene.= Vt., 1824-1900. A lawyer of New York city. Personal Reminiscences, 1840-1890; Recollections of Lincoln and his Administration; An Unknown Heroine, an historical episode of the War between the States; The Capture of Ticonderoga. Do. Har.

=Chittenden, Russell Henry.= Ct., 1856- ----. A professor of chemistry in the Sheffield Scientific School at Yale University. Studies from the Laboratory of Physiology and Chemistry in Sheffield Scientific School; On Digestive Proteolysis.

=Chivers, Thomas Holley.= 1807-1858. A Georgia physician and versifier. Virginalia, or Songs of my Summer Nights; Atlanta, a Paul Epic in Three Lustra; Eonchs of Ruby.

=Choate, Isaac Bassett.= Me., 1833- ----. An educator of Boston. Elements of English Speech; Wells of English. Ap. Rob.

=Choate, Rufus.= Ms., 1799-1859. A lawyer of Boston and member of Congress, 1841-45, famous for his gifts as an orator, a distinguishing feature of his style being an extravagant use of long sentences. Addresses and Orations. See Memoir, by S. G. Brown, supra, 1862; Some Recollections of, by E. P. Whipple; Memoirs, by Neilson, 1884. Lit.

=Chopin, Mrs. Kate [O’Flaherty].= Mo., 1851-1904. A writer of St. Louis. Bayou Folk; At Fault, a novel. Hou.

=Choules= [chōlz], =John Overton.= E., 1801-1856. A Baptist clergyman of Newport. History of Missions; Christian Offering; Young Americans Abroad; Cruise of Steam Yacht North Star.

=Church, Albert Ensign.= Ct., 1807-1878. A mathematical professor at West Point, 1833-78. Elements of Differential Calculus; Elements of the Calculus of Variations; Elements of Analytical Geometry; Elements of Descriptive Geometry; Elements of Analytical Trigonometry.

=Church, Benjamin.= Ms., 1639-1718. A famous colonial soldier, the conqueror of King Philip, and the founder of Little Compton, Rhode Island. Entertaining Passages Relating to Philip’s War is a personal narrative of his adventures. See edition by Dexter, 1867; History of the Eastern Expeditions against the Indians and French.

=Church, Benjamin.= R. I., 1734-1776. A Boston physician of considerable note as a political satirist and versifier. The Times, a political satire; Elegy on Dr. Mayhew; Address to a Provincial Bashaw; Elegy on the Death of Whitefield, comprise his chief poems.

=Church, Mrs. Ella Rodman [MacIlvane].= N. Y., 1831- ----. A popular and prolific writer of miscellaneous works, among which are Flights of Fancy; Grandmother’s Recollections; The Catanese; Christmas Wreath; Golden Days; Flyers and Crawlers, or Talks about Insects; Talks by the Seashore; Among the Trees at Elmridge; Flower Talks at Elmridge; Home Animals; Some Useful Animals; How to Furnish a Home; Money-Making for Ladies. Ap. Har.

=Church, Irving Porter.= Ct., 1851- ----. A professor of engineering at Cornell University. Statics and Dynamics for Engineering Students; Mechanics of Materials; Hydraulics and Pneumatics, three works which were afterwards published as Mechanics of Engineering; Notes and Examples in Mechanics. Wil.

=Church, John Adams.= N. Y., 1843- ----. Son of P. Church, infra. A mining engineer of note. The Mining Schools of the United States; Notes on a Metallurgical Journey in Europe; The Comstock Lode; Report on the Striking of Artesian Water, Arizona.

=Church, Pharcellus.= N. Y., 1801-1886. A Baptist clergyman of prominence. Philosophy of Benevolence; Religious Dissensions, their Cause and Cure; Antioch, or Increase of Moral Power in the Church; Mapleton, or More Work for the Maine Law; Seed-Truths; Theodosia.

=Church, Samuel Harden.= Pa., 1858- ----. A Pittsburg writer, the author of Oliver Cromwell, a careful historical study. Put.

=Chute, Horatio Nelson.= Ont., 1847- ----. A mathematical educator of Michigan. Complete School Register; Arithmetical Cabinet; Manual of Practical Physics.

=Cist, Henry Martyn.= O., 1839-1902. A Cincinnati lawyer who served in the Federal army during the Civil War and became brigadier-general. The Army of the Cumberland.

=Cist, Lewis Jacob.= O., 1818-1885. Brother of H. M. Cist, supra. A banker of St. Louis and Cincinnati who published Trifles in Verse.

=Claflin, Mrs. Mary Bucklin [Davenport].= Ms., 1825-1896. A Boston writer, the wife of ex-Governor Claflin, of Massachusetts. Brampton Sketches; Personal Recollections of Whittier; Real Happenings; Under the Elms. Cr.

=Claiborne= [klā´burn], =John Francis Hamtramck.= Mi., 1809-1884. A journalist of New Orleans. Mississippi as a Province, Territory, and State; Life of General Dale, the Mississippi Partisan; Life of General Quitman. Har.

=Claiborne, John Herbert.= Va., 1828- ----. A physician of Virginia. Diphtheria; Dysmenorrhea; Clinical Reports from Private Practice.

=Claiborne, Nathaniel Herbert.= Va., 1777-1859. Uncle of J. F. H. Claiborne, supra. A Virginia congressman. Notes on the War in the South (1819).

=Clap, Nathaniel.= Ms., 1669-1745. A clergyman of Newport, of some distinction in his day. Advice to Children; The Lord’s Voice Crying to the People in some Extraordinary Dispensations.

=Clap, Roger.= E., 1609-1691. A colonist of Dorchester, whose Memoirs, written for his children, have been several times reprinted, and possess considerable historical value. They were first edited and published by Thomas Prince, infra, 1731.

=Clap, Thomas.= Ms., 1703-1767. A Congregational clergyman of distinction, president of Yale College, 1740-66. The Nature and Foundation of Moral Virtue and Obligation; History of Yale College; Vindication of the Doctrines of New England Churches; Nature and Motion of Meteors; The Religious Constitutions of Colleges, especially Yale, comprise his chief works. See Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit.

=Clapp, Theodore.= Ms., 1792-1866. A Unitarian minister of New Orleans for many years. Autobiographical Sketches of 35 Years’ Residence in New Orleans; Theological Views; Slavery, a Sermon.

=Clark, Alexander.= O., 1834-1879. A Methodist Protestant clergyman of Pittsburg. The Old Log Schoolhouse; Workaday Christianity; The Red Sea Freedman; School Day Dialogues; The Gospel in the Trees; Rambles in Europe; Starting Out, a Story of the Ohio Hills; Ripples on the River, a collection of verses.

=Clark, Alonzo Howard.= Ms., 1850- ----. A naturalist in the United States National Museum at Washington, who has published Statistics of Fisheries of New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Connecticut; Statistics of Fisheries of Massachusetts; History of the Mackerel Fishery.

=Clark, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney.= Vt., 1822-1899. A physician, at one time collector of customs at Oswego. The Commonwealth Reconstructed is his only book.

=Clark, Charles Heber.= “Max Adeler.” Md., 1841- ----. A Philadelphia journalist, author of several works of a humourous character which have been popular, though their literary merit is slight. Out of the Hurly Burly; Elbow Room, a Novel without a Plot; Random Shots; Fortunate Island and Other Stories.

=Clark, Davis Wasgatt.= Me., 1812-1871. A Methodist bishop of some note as a preacher. Mental Discipline; Death-Bed Scenes; Man all Immortal; Life of Bishop Hedding; Sermons; Elements of Algebra. Meth.

=Clark, Edson Lyman.= Ms., 1827- ----. A Congregational clergyman of Massachusetts. The Arabs and the Turks; The Races of European Turkey; Turkey; Fundamental Questions chiefly relating to Genesis and the Hebrew Scriptures. Do.

=Clark, Francis Edward.= Q., 1851- ----. A Congregational minister who during his pastorate in Portland, Maine, in 1881, established the Christian Endeavour Society. Danger Signals, the Enemies of Youth; Looking out on Life, a book for girls; Our Vacations, where to Go, etc.; Young People’s Prayer Meeting in Theory and Practice; The Children and the Church; Mossback Correspondence; Our Business Boys; Ways and Means, a history of the Christian Endeavour movement. Fu. Lo.

=Clark, George Hunt.= Ms., 1809-1881. An iron merchant of Hartford, of local fame as a verse-writer. Now and Then; The News; Undertow of a Trade Wind Surf.

=Clark, George Whitfield.= N. J., 1831- ----. A Baptist clergyman of New Jersey. Harmony of the Four Gospels in English; Notes on Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John; Harmonic Arrangement of the Acts of the Apostles; Brief Notes on the New Testament; History of the First Baptist Church in Elizabeth, New Jersey.

=Clark, Henry James.= Ms., 1826-1873. A naturalist of Cambridge. Mind in Nature; A Claim for Scientific Property.

=Clark, James Gowdy.= N. Y., 1830-1897. A verse-writer and composer of San Francisco. Poetry and Song.

=Clark, James Henry.= N. Y., 1814-1869. A physician of Newark, New Jersey. History of the Cholera in Newark in 1847; Sight and Hearing, how Preserved, how Lost; Medical Topography of Newark; The Medical Men of New Jersey in Essex District, 1666-1866.

=Clark, John Alonzo.= Ms., 1801-1843. An Episcopal clergyman of Philadelphia. The Young Disciple; The Pastor’s Testimony; A Walk about Zion; Gathered Fragments; Awake, Thou Sleeper; Glimpses of the Old World.

=Clark, John Bates.= R. I., 1847- ----. A political economist, professor of political economy in Columbia College. Capital and its Earnings; The Philosophy of Wealth. Gi.

=Clark, Mrs. Kate [Upson].= Al., 1851- ----. A journalist of Brooklyn, who has written mainly for young people. That Mary Ann. Lo.

=Clark, Lewis Gaylord.= N. Y., 1810-1873. A once prominent magazinist of New York city, and editor of the Knickerbocker Magazine. Knick-Knacks is a collection of brief sketches contributed to that periodical.

=Clark, Mrs. Mary [Latham].= Me., 1831- ----. A New England writer of religious juveniles, among which are The Mayflower Series; Daisy’s Mission.

=Clark, Nathaniel George.= Vt., 1825-1896. The foreign secretary of the American Board of Foreign Missions from 1866. In earlier life he was of some note as an educator, and published Elements of the English Language. Scr.

=Clark, Rufus Wheelwright.= Ms., 1813-1886. Brother of Thomas M. Clark, infra. A Reformed Dutch clergyman of Albany. Among his more than a hundred publications are Lectures to Young Men; Heaven and its Scriptural Emblems; Life Scenes of the Messiah; Romanism in America; The African Slave Trade; Heroes of Albany.

=Clark, Simeon Taylor.= Ms., 1836-1891. A physician of Lockport, and professor of medical jurisprudence in Niagara University. My Garden.

=Clark, Mrs. Susanna Rebecca Graham.= N. S., 1848- ----. A writer of Portland, Maine, who has written much juvenile literature. Yensie Walton; Our Street; The Triple E.; Achor; Herbert Gardenell’s Children; Tom’s Street; Go’s Goings. Lo.

=Clark, Theodore Minot.= Ms., 1845- ----. An architect in Boston, formerly instructor in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Architect, Owner and Builder before the Law; Building Superintendence; Rural School Architecture. Mac.

=Clark, Thomas.= Pa., 1787-1866. An educator of Philadelphia. Naval History of the United States from the Commencement of the Revolutionary War, 1814; Sketches of United States Naval History.

=Clark, Thomas March.= Ms., 1812-1903. The second Protestant Episcopal bishop of Rhode Island, and prominent among theologians of the Broad Church school. Primary Truths; The Dew of Youth and Other Lectures to Young Men and Women; Early Discipline and Culture; The Efficient Sunday School Teacher; Reminiscences. Ap. Wh.

=Clark, Willis Gaylord.= N. Y., 1810-1841. Twin brother of L. G. Clark, supra. A now forgotten verse-writer. See Literary Remains, with Memoir by L. G. Clark; Griswold’s Poets and Poetry of America.

=Clarke, Dorus.= Ms., 1799-1884. A Congregational clergyman of Boston. Letters to Horace Mann; Oneness of the Christian Church; Orthodox Congregationalism and the Sects; Saying the Catechism 75 Years Ago and the Historical Results; Review of the Oberlin Council; Letters to Young People in Manufacturing Villages; Revision of the English Version of the Bible; Essay on the Tri-Unity of God.

=Clarke, Edward Hammond.= Ms., 1820-1877. A prominent physician and medical writer of Boston. Sex in Education; The Building of a Brain; Visions: a Study of False Sight; Nature and Treatment of Polypus of the Ear. Hou.

=Clarke, Frank Wigglesworth.= Ms., 1847- ----. Chief chemist of the United States Geological Survey at Washington. Weights, Measures, and Money of All Nations; Elements of Chemistry. Ap.

=Clarke, Isaac Edwards.= Ms., 1830- ----. A lawyer in the United States Civil Service since 1871. Tribute to Bayard Taylor; Industrial and High Art Education in the United States.

=Clarke, James Freeman.= N. H., 1810-1888. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, who founded there the Church of the Disciples, and was its pastor from 1841 till his death. He was especially prominent among Unitarian writers of the latter half of the century, the tone of his thought being that of the liberal conservative. His first important work was Orthodoxy: its Truths and Errors (1866). Other works of his include Ten Great Religions, Part I, an Essay in Comparative Theology; Ten Great Religions, Part II, a Comparison of all Religions; Christian Doctrine of Prayer; Thomas Didymus; Common Sense in Religion; Steps of Belief; Events and Epochs in Religious History; Self-Culture; Every Day Religion; The Ideas of the Apostle Paul; Memorial and Biographical Sketches; Vexed Questions in Theology; Anti-Slavery Days. See Autobiography, Diary and Correspondence, edited by E. E. Hale; Memoir by A. P. Peabody, 1889. A. U. A. Hou. Le.

=Clarke, MacDonald.= Ct., 1798-1842. An eccentric, unbalanced verse-writer of New York city, who was commonly styled “the Mad Poet.” Poems; Sketches in Verse; Death in Disguise, a Temperance poem; The Gossip; Afara, or the Belles of Broadway; A Cross and a Coronet; Elixir of Moonshine; Review of the Eve of Eternity.

=Clarke, Mrs. Mary Bayard [Devereux].= N. C., 1822-1886. A writer of Raleigh, North Carolina, who has published Reminiscences of Cuba; Mosses from a Rolling Stone; Clytie and Zenobia, a poem; Wood Notes, a compilation of North Carolina verse.

=Clarke, Rebecca Sophia.= “Sophie May.” Me., 1833- ----. A popular writer of stories for children and young people, who was born and has always lived at Norridgewock, Maine. Of the former class are the Little Prudy Books; Dotty Dimple Series; Flaxie Frizzle Stories. Of the latter class are Her Friend’s Lover; Janet; The Asbury Twins; In Old Quinnebasset; Quinnebasset Girls; The Doctor’s Daughter. Le.

=Clarke, Richard Henry.= D. C., 1827- ----. A noted Roman Catholic lawyer of Washington, and, later, of New York, who has written many controversial papers, and published Illustrated History of the Catholic Church in the United States; Lives of Deceased Roman Catholic Bishops of the United States.

=Clay, Cassius Marcellus.= Ky., 1810-1903. A Kentucky congressman noted as a strong opponent of slavery, who was minister to Russia 1861-69. See Life and Memoirs, compiled by Himself.

=Clay, Henry.= Va., 1777-1852. A Kentucky statesman and orator, who was in public life for half a century, and was several times an unsuccessful candidate for the presidency. He is known in literature by his Speeches, several collections of which were published in his lifetime. See Parton’s Famous Americans; Lives by G. D. Prentice, 1831; Swaim, 1843; Mallory, 1844; Sargent and Greeley, 1852; Colton, 1857; Carl Schurz, 1887.

=Cleaveland, John.= Ct., 1722-1799. A Congregational minister of Massachusetts. The Work of God at Chebacco (now Essex) in 1763; Essay to Defend Christ’s Sacrifice and Atonement against Aspersions cast on the Same by Dr. Mayhew; Reply to Dr. Mayhew’s Letter of Reproof; Treatise on Infant Baptism.

=Cleaveland, Nehemiah.= Ms., 1796-1877. Grandson of J. Cleaveland, supra. An educator of Massachusetts, who published a History of Bowdoin College, with Biographical Sketches of its Graduates, 1806-79, edited and completed by A. S. Packard, infra.

=Cleaveland, Parker.= Ms., 1780-1858. Grandson of J. Cleaveland, supra. A professor in Bowdoin College, 1805-58, whose Mineralogy and Geology, 1816, gained for him the title of “the father of American mineralogy.”

=Cleland, Thomas.= Va., 1778-1858. A Presbyterian clergyman of Kentucky, much inclined to controversy, who published Letters on Campbellism; The Socini-Arian Detected; Unitarianism Unmasked.

=Clemens, Jeremiah.= Al., 1814-1865. An Alabama statesman who won some notice as a novelist. Bernard Lyle; Mustang Gray; The Rivals, a Tale of the Times of Burr and Hamilton; Tobias Wilson, a Tale of the Great Rebellion.

=Clemens, Samuel Langhorne.= “Mark Twain.” Mo., 1835- ----. A celebrated humourist, who, after an eventful experience as a journalist, rose to fame by the publication of The Innocents Abroad, a volume of extravagantly humourous travels, which still remains his most popular book. Only a very small portion of his writing has any place as literature, but as an author he is one of the most popular and successful of his time. Other works of his are, A Tramp Abroad; Roughing It; Tom Sawyer; The Gilded Age (with C. D. Warner, infra); The Jumping Frog; Life on the Mississippi; Huckleberry Finn; Merry Tales; A Connecticut Yankee at King Arthur’s Court; Tom Sawyer Abroad; Pudd’nhead Wilson; The American Claimant. The Prince and the Pauper; Joan of Arc, are works in a serious vein, the first being his most finished production. See Haweis’s American Humourists; Steuart’s Letters to Living Authors, 1890; Vedder’s American Writers.

=Clemens, Will Montgomery.= O., 1860- ----. A Ken of Kipling; Life of Roosevelt; Famous Funny Fellows; Sixty and Six; Mistakes of Authors.

=Clement, Mrs. Clara Erskine.= See Waters, Mrs.

=Clemmer, Mrs. Mary.= See Hudson, Mrs.

=Cleveland, Aaron.= Ct., 1744-1815. A verse-writer who late in life became a Congregational minister. He was the great-grandfather of President Cleveland. The Philosopher and Boy; Slavery Considered, both productions in verse.

=Cleveland, Charles Dexter.= Ms., 1802-1869. Grandson of A. Cleveland, supra. An educator of Philadelphia, who published Compendiums of English, American, and Classical Literature; English Literature of the 19th Century; critical edition of Milton, with notes and life. Bar.

=Cleveland, Cynthia Eloise.= N. Y., 1845- ----. A Washington writer employed in the civil service. See Saw, or Civil Service in the Departments, a political novel; Is it Fate?

=Cleveland, Henry Russell.= Ms., 1808-1843. Son of R. J. Cleveland, infra. The Classical Education of Boys; Life of Henry Hudson.

=Cleveland, Horace William Shaler.= Ms., 1814-1900. Son of R. J. Cleveland, infra. A noted landscape gardener of Minneapolis. Hints to Riflemen; Landscape Architecture; Voyages of a Merchant Navigator. Har.

=Cleveland, Richard Jeffry.= Ms., 1773-1860. Cousin of A. Cleveland, supra. Voyages and Commercial Enterprises; Voyages of a Merchant Navigator of the Days that are Past.

=Cleveland, Rose Elizabeth.= N. Y., 1846- ----. Great-granddaughter of A. Cleveland, supra, and the only sister of President Cleveland. During the first year of her brother’s first administration she was the mistress of the White House. George Eliot’s Poetry and Other Studies; The Long Run, a novel. Fu.

=Clevenger, Shobal Vail.= Iy., 1843- ----. A physician of Chicago, and son of the noted sculptor of the same name. Treatise on Government Surveying; Comparative Physiology and Psychology; Lectures on Artistic Anatomy and Sciences Useful to the Artist.

=Clifford, Nathan.= N. H., 1803-1881. A noted jurist of Maine, who was attorney-general during Polk’s administration, and published United States Circuit Court Reports.

=Clingman, Thomas Lanier.= N. C., 1812-1897. A North Carolina congressman who served during the Civil War as brigadier-general in the Confederate army. The two Carolina mountains, Clingman’s Peak and Clingman’s Dome, were named in his honour, he having been the first to measure their height. Speeches; Follies of the Positivist Philosophers.

=Clinton, De Witt.= N. Y., 1769-1828. A famous statesman and politician of New York state. Memoir of Antiquities of Western New York; Natural History and Internal Revenues of New York; Speeches to the Legislature. See Lives, by Hosack, 1829; Renwick, 1840; Campbell, 1849.

=Clymer, Mrs. Ella Maria [Dietz].= Ms., 1856- ----. A New York writer, once an actress; for some time president of the woman’s club of New York, Sorosis. She has written three volumes of verse: The Triumph of Love; The Triumph of Time; The Triumph of Life.

=Clymer, Meredith.= Pa., 1817-1902. A distinguished physician and medical writer of New York city. Diseases of the Respiratory Organs (with Williams); Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Fevers; Physiology and Pathology of the Nervous System; Palsies and Kindred Disorders; Ecstasy and Other Dramatic Disorders of the Nervous System; Hereditary Genius; Cerebro-Spinal Meningitis; Legitimate Influence of Epilepsy on Criminal Responsibility.

=Coan, Titus.= Ct., 1801-1882. A missionary of note in the Sandwich Islands who wrote Life in Hawaii; Adventures in Patagonia. Do. Ran.

=Coan, Titus Munson.= H. I., 1836- ----. Son of T. Coan, supra. A New York littérateur. Ounces of Prevention; Topics of the Times (edited).

=Cobb, Cyrus.= Ms., 1834-1903. Son of S. Cobb, 1st, infra. An artist and sculptor of Boston who, besides writing much occasional verse, published Veterans of the Grand Army, a novel.

=Cobb, Howell.= Ga., 1795-18--. A Georgia lawyer. Penal Code of Georgia.

=Cobb, Jonathan Holmes.= Ms., 1799-1882. A manufacturer of Dedham, who founded the silk industry in the United States, and whose Manual of the Mulberry Tree and the Culture of Silk was once well known.

=Cobb, Joseph Beckham.= Ga., 1819-1858. A Southern author whose writings include The Creole, or the Siege of New Orleans, a novel; Mississippi Scenes; Leisure Labours.

=Cobb, Lyman.= Ms., c. 1800-1864. A once prominent educator who, besides many text-books on spelling and mathematics, published The Evil Tendency of Corporal Punishment; Just Standard for Pronouncing the English Language. Har.

=Cobb, Sylvanus.= Me., 1799-1866. A Universalist clergyman of Massachusetts, editor for many years of The Christian Freeman. The New Testament, with Explanatory Notes; Compend of Divinity; Discussions. See Autobiography, and Memoir by his son, S. Cobb, 1867.

=Cobb, Sylvanus.= Me., 1823-1887. Son of S. Cobb, supra. A prolific writer of sensational tales quite without literary value. Among them are The King’s Talisman; The Patriot Cruiser; Ben Hamed.

=Cobb, Thomas Read Rootes.= Ga., 1823-1862. A Georgia lawyer who served as brigadier-general in the Confederate army during the Civil War, and was killed in the battle of Fredericksburg. Digest of the Laws of Georgia; Historical Sketch of Slavery from the Earliest Periods; Inquiry into the Law of Negro Slavery in the United States.

=Cobbett, Thomas.= E., 1608-1685. A nonconformist English clergyman who came to America in 1637, and was minister at Ipswich from 1656 till his death. Infant Baptism; Civil Magistrate’s Power in Matters of Religion; Practical Discourse of Prayer; The Honour due from Children to their Parents.

=Cocke= [cōke], =James Richard.= Tn., 1863-1900. A physician of Boston. Hypnotism; Blind Leaders of the Blind, a novel. Ar. Le.

=Cocke, Zitella.= Al., c. 1847- ----. A verse-writer whose contributions to periodicals have been collected in a volume of verse entitled A Doric Reed. Cop.

=Cocker, William Johnson.= E., 1846- ----. An educator of Michigan. Handbook of Punctuation; The Government of the United States. Har.

=Coddington, William.= E., 1601-1678. The first governor of Rhode Island. Demonstrations of True Love unto the Rulers of Massachusetts.

=Codman, John.= Ms., 1782-1847. A Congregational clergyman of Dorchester. Sermons; Visit to England. See Memoir, by W. A. Allen, 1853.

=Codman, John.= Ms., 1814-1900. Son of J. Codman, supra. A noted captain in the merchant marine. Sailors’ Life and Sailors’ Yarns; Ten Months in Brazil; The Mormon Country; The Round Trip by Way of Panama; A Solution of the Mormon Problem; Winter Sketches from the Saddle.

=Coffin, Charles Carleton.= N. H., 1823-1896. A Boston journalist who became famous as the war correspondent of the Boston Journal during the Civil War, over the signature “Carleton.” His writings, mainly though not exclusively for young people, include My Days and Nights on the Battlefield, a narrative of personal experience; Following the Flag; Winning his Way; Building the Nation; Old Times in the Colonies; The Boys of ’76; The Story of Liberty; The Drumbeat of the Nation; Marching to Victory; Redeeming the Republic; Freedom Triumphant; Abraham Lincoln; Our New Way Round the World; Daughters of the Revolution. See Life of, by Griffis. Est. Har. Hou.

=Coffin, Isaac Foster.= Me., 1787-1861. An educator of Roxbury, Massachusetts. Journal of a Residence in Chili during the revolutionary scenes of 1817-19.

=Coffin, James Henry.= Ms., 1806-1873. A meteorologist who was professor of astronomy at Lafayette College. Solar and Lunar Eclipses Illustrated and Explained; Winds of the Northern Hemisphere; Psychometrical Table; Orbit and Phenomena of a Meteoric Fire Ball; Elements of Conic Sections and Analytical Geometry; Winds of the Globe. See Life, by J. C. Clyde, 1882.

=Coffin, John Huntington Crane.= Me., 1815-1890. A mathematician of distinction. Observations with the Mural Circle at the United States Naval Observatory; The Compass; Navigation and Nautical Astronomy.

=Coffin, Joshua.= Ms., 1792-1864. A Massachusetts antiquary prominent among the abolitionists, and one of the poet Whittier’s early instructors. He published a History of Ancient Newbury; The Toppans of Toppan’s Lane, a genealogy.

=Coffin, Robert Allen.= Ms., 1801-1878. Brother of J. H. Coffin, supra. An instructor in western Massachusetts. Compendium of Natural Philosophy; Town Organization; History of Conway, Massachusetts.

=Coffin, Robert Barry.= “Barry Gray.” N. Y., 1826-1886. A New York journalist and littérateur, whose books, popular at one time, are now nearly forgotten. Their humour is somewhat forced, and the style has no very marked merits. Matrimonial Infelicities; Who is the Heir?; Out of Town, a Rural Episode; Cakes and Ale at Woodbine; Castles in the Air; Left in the Lurch; The Home of Cooper.

=Coffin, Robert Stevenson.= Me., 1797-1827. A verse-writer of Boston who published The Oriental Harp; Poems of the Boston Bard. See Autobiography, 1825.

=Coffin, Roland Folger.= N. Y., 1826-1888. A marine reporter in New York city. An Old Sailor’s Yarns; The America’s Cup; History of American Yachting. Fu. Scr.

=Coffin, Selden Jennings.= N. Y., 1838- ----. Son of J. H. Coffin, supra. He succeeded his father as professor of astronomy at Lafayette College in 1873, and completed the latter’s Winds of the Globe. He has also published Record of the Men at Lafayette.

=Coggeshall, George.= Ct., 1784-c. 1850. A sea captain of some prominence as a writer. Voyages to Various Parts of the World, 1799-1844; History of American Privateers and Letters of Marque during our War with England, 1812-14; Historical Sketch of Commerce and Navigation from the Christian Era to 1860; Religious and Miscellaneous Poetry.

=Coggeshall, William Turner.= Pa., 1824-1867. A journalist of Cincinnati, whose principal writings include Signs of the Times, a work on spirit rappings; Home Hits and Hints; Stories of Frontier Adventure.

=Cogswell, Jonathan.= Ms., 1782-1864. A noted Congregational clergyman of New England and New Jersey. The Necessity of Capital Punishment; Discourses; Hebrew Theocracy; Calvary and Sinai; Godliness a Great Mystery; The Appropriate Work of the Holy Spirit. See E. O. Jameson’s Cogswells of America.

=Cogswell, William.= N. H., 1787-1850. A Congregational clergyman of New Hampshire, among whose works are, Manual of Theology and Devotion; Assistant to Family Religion; Christian Philanthropist; Theological Class Book; Harbinger of the Millennium; Letters to Young Men Preparing for the Ministry.

=Cohen, Jacob Da Silva Solis.= N. Y., 1838- ----. A Philadelphia physician and medical lecturer of prominence. Treatise on Inhalations; Diseases of the Throat; Croup in its Relations to Tracheotomy; The Throat and the Voice.

=Coit, James Milnor.= Pa., 1845- ----. An instructor in chemistry at St. Paul’s School, Concord. Elements of Chemical Arithmetic; Short Manual of Qualitative Analysis.

=Coit, Thomas Winthrop.= Ct., 1803-1885. An Episcopal clergyman, professor in Berkeley Divinity School at Middletown from 1872 to 1885. Necessity of Preaching Doctrine; Theological Commonplace Book; Puritanism in New England and the Episcopal Church; Lectures on the Early History of Christianity in England.

=Colburn, Warren.= Ms., 1793-1833. A noted mathematician of Massachusetts, whose First Lessons in Intellectual Arithmetic was translated into many languages. Hou.

=Colburn, Zerah.= N. Y., 1832-1870. A nephew of the famous calculator of the same name. He was a well-known mechanical engineer who published The Locomotive Engine; Steam Boiler Explosions; Nature of Heat and its Mode of Action in the Phenomena of Combustion, etc.; Treatise on the Principles of the Locomotive Engine. Bai. Vn.

=Colby, Frederick Myron.= N. H., 1848- ----. A journalist of New Hampshire. The Daughter of Pharaoh, a Tale of the Exodus; Brave Lads and Bonnie Lassies, a juvenile.

=Colden, Cadwallader.= S., 1688-1776. A colonial physician, lieutenant-governor of the province of New York, 1761-76, and a prominent loyalist of his day. The History of the Five Indian Nations is his chief work. Among his many lesser writings is Principles of Actions on Matter. =See Tyler’s American Literature.=

=Colden, Cadwallader David.= L. I., 1769-1834. Nephew of C. Colden, supra. A commercial lawyer of prominence in New York who published Life of Robert Fulton; Vindication of the Steamboat Right granted by the State of New York.

=Coleman, Leighton.= Pa., 1837- ----. The second Protestant Episcopal bishop of Delaware. The Church in America, a history of the American Episcopal Church.

=Coleman, Lyman.= Ms., 1796-1882. A Congregational clergyman who was a classical professor at Lafayette College, 1861-82. Ancient Christianity Exemplified; Prelacy and Ritualism; The Apostolical and Primitive Church; Historical Geography of the Bible; Text-Book and Atlas of Bible Geography; Genealogy of the Lyman Family.

=Coles, Abraham.= N. J., 1813-1891. A New Jersey physician who published a volume containing thirteen original translations of the Dies Irae. His other works include Stabat Mater Dolorosa; Stabat Mater Speciosa; Old Gems in New Settings; The Microcosm, a psychological poem; The Evangel in Verse; The Light of the World; The Psalms in Verse, with notes. See Biographical Sketch, edited by J. A. Coles, 1892. Ap.

=Coles, George.= E., 1792-1858. A Methodist clergyman who published The Antidote, or Revelation Defended; Concordance of the Scriptures; Heroines of Methodism.

=Colesworthy, Daniel Clement.= Me., 1810-1893. A once noted bookseller of Boston, who was also a writer. Some of his poems for children, like “Don’t Kill the Birds” and “Little Words of Kindness,” have been extremely popular. Sunday School Hymns; Advice to an Apprentice; Opening Buds; Chronicles of Casco Bay; A Group of Children, and Other Poems; School is Out; The Year; A Day in the Woods, in verse, comprise the most of his writings.

=Collens, Thomas Wharton.= La., 1812-1879. A well-known jurist of New Orleans, who wrote The Martyr Patriots, a tragedy; Humanics; Views of the Labour Movement; The Eden of Labour.

=Collier, Mrs. Ada [Langworthy].= Ia., 1843- ----. A writer of Dubuque, whose Lilith, the Legend of the First Woman, is a poem of not a little merit.

=Collier, Joseph Avery.= Ms., 1828-1864. A Reformed Dutch clergyman of Kingston, New York. The Right Way, or the Gospel Applied to the Intercourse of Individuals and Nations; The Christian Home; The Young Men of the Bible; Pleasant Paths for Little Feet; Little Crowns; Dawn of Heaven.

=Collier, Peter.= N. Y., 1835-1896. A chemist of distinction for several years attached to the Department of Agriculture at Washington. Sorghum, its Culture and Manufacture Economically Considered; Investigations of Sorghum as a Sugar Producing Plant. Clke.

=Collier, Robert Laird.= Md., 1837-1890. A Unitarian clergyman who in his later years was a London correspondent of the New York Herald. Every-Day Subjects in Sunday Sermons; Meditations on the Essence of Christianity; Henry Irving: a Sketch and a Criticism; English Home Life. A. U. A. Hou. Rob.

=Collier, Thomas Stephens.= N. Y., 1842-1893. A physician and poet whose home was at New London, Connecticut. Song Spray, a collection of poems, 1889.

=Collins, Charles.= Me., 1813-1875. A Methodist preacher and educator of Tennessee, who published Methodism and Calvinism Compared.

=Collyer, Robert.= E., 1823- ----. A Unitarian clergyman of New York, and one of the leading men among the clergy of his faith. He was born in Yorkshire, and learned the blacksmith’s trade, which he still followed after coming to America in 1849. He was then a Wesleyan local preacher, but his views changing he became a Unitarian, and in 1860 founded Unity Church in Chicago, over which he remained pastor till he went to New York in 1879. His influence, both within and without the Unitarian body, has been very great. The Life That Now Is; Nature and Life; A Man in Earnest; The Simple Truth, a Home Book; Lectures to Young Men and Women; History of Ilkley, in Yorkshire. Dut. Le.

=Colman, Benjamin.= Ms., 1673-1747. A famous Congregational minister of Boston, whose theological views were much more liberal than those of his contemporaries, and whose literary style was far more polished and flexible. Evangelical Sermons Collected; Twenty Sacramental Sermons. See Life by E. Turell, 1749; Tyler’s American Literature; Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit.

=Colman, Henry.= Ms., 1785-1849. An agricultural writer of Massachusetts, who was a Congregational minister at Hingham, 1807-20, and afterwards a Unitarian minister at Salem. Report on Silk Culture; European Agriculture and Rural Economy; Agriculture and Rural Economy of France, Belgium, Holland, and Switzerland; European Life and Manners.

=Colton, Calvin.= Ms., 1789-1857. An Episcopal clergyman of some note in his day as a political writer. Manual for Emigrants to America; History of American Revivals; Protestant Jesuitism; Public Economy for the United States, a plea for protection; Life of Henry Clay; Junius Tracts.

=Colton, George Hooker.= N. Y., 1818-1847. A verse-writer whose Tecumseh is a poem as ambitious in conception as it is mediocre in execution.

=Colton, Walter.= Vt., 1797-1851. Brother of C. Colton, supra. A journalist and educator who established the first newspaper in California, and built the first schoolhouse there. As chaplain in the United States navy he visited many parts of the world. Visit to Athens and Constantinople; Land and Lee in the Bosphorus and Ægean; Ship and Shore; Deck and Port; The Sea and the Sailor.

=Colwell, Stephen.= Va., 1800-1871. An iron merchant of Philadelphia, who wrote much on current topics, especially matters relating to political economy. Ways and Means of Commercial Payment; Money on Account; Removal of the Deposits from the Bank of the United States; Domestic Production and Internal Trade; Hints to Laymen; Charity and the Clergy; Politics for American Christians; New Themes for Protestant Clergy, include the more important of his writings.

=Coman, Katherine.= O., 1857- ----. A professor of history at Wellesley College. Outlines in Constitutional History of England; Outlines in Industrial History; The Growth of the English Nation.

=Comegys, Benjamin Bartis.= Del., 1819-1901. A banker of Philadelphia. Tour Round My Library, and Other Papers; Advice to Young Men and Boys; A Primer of Ethics; Talks with Boys and Girls; How to Get On, a Book for Boys; Turn Over a New Leaf; An Order of Worship; Old Stories with New Lessons. Hou. Rev.

=Comfort, Mrs. Anna [Manning].= N. J., 1845- ----. Wife of G. F. Comfort, infra. A physician of Syracuse, who has written Woman’s Education and Woman’s Health, a reply to Dr. Clarke’s once famous Sex in Education.

=Comfort, George Fisk.= N. Y., 1833- ----. A professor at Syracuse University since 1872. He has published a series of German text-books and The Land Troubles in Ireland. Har.

=Comly, John.= Pa., 1774-1850. A Pennsylvania educator among the Friends, who prepared a speller that was phenomenally popular, and also a grammar and other text-books. See Journal of John Comly of Ryberry, 1853.

=Comstock= [kŭm´stŏk], =Cyrus Ballou.= Ms., 1831- ----. A colonel of the Engineer Corps in the United States army, and brevet major-general of U. S. Volunteers, who has made a number of important government surveys. Notes on European Surveys; Surveys of the Northwestern Lakes; Primary Triangulation of United States Lake Survey.

=Comstock, John Henry.= Wis., 1849- ----. A professor of entomology and general invertebrate zoölogy at Cornell University. Notes on Entomology; Report on Cotton Insects; Introduction to Entomology.

=Comstock, John Lee.= Ct., 1789-1858. An educational compiler of Hartford, among whose many scientific text-books are The Elements of Chemistry; Introduction to Mineralogy; System of Natural Philosophy; History of the Precious Minerals; Natural History of Quadrupeds. He wrote also A History of the Greek Revolution.

=Comstock, Theodore Bryant.= O., 1849- ----. A geologist of distinction, professor in Illinois University. Outlines of General Geology; Classification of Rocks.

=Conant, Alban Jasper.= Vt., 1821- ----. A naturalist who was for some time curator in the University of Wisconsin. Footprints of Vanished Races in the Valley of the Mississippi.

=Conant, Mrs. Hannah O’Brien [Chaplin].= Ms., 1809-1865. Wife of T. J. Conant, infra, and daughter of J. Chaplin, supra. An Oriental scholar who assisted her husband in his literary work, made important translations from the German of Strauss, Neander, and Uhden, and was the author of History of the English Bible; Popular History of English Bible Translation; The Earnest Man, a sketch of Judson the missionary.

=Conant, Mrs. Helen Peters [Stevens].= Ms., 1839-1899. Wife of S. S. Conant, infra. A magazinist of New York city. The Butterfly Hunters; Primers of German and Spanish Literature. Har.

=Conant, Samuel Stillman.= Me., 1831-1885. Son of T. J. Conant, infra. A journalist of New York, managing editor of Harper’s Weekly, 1869-85, and translator of Lermontoff’s Circassian Boy.

=Conant, Thomas Jefferson.= Vt., 1802-1891. A Baptist clergyman who was one of the foremost Hebrew scholars of his time. Baptism, its Meaning and its Use Philologically and Historically Considered. His editions of The Book of Job; The Book of Proverbs; Genesis; Psalms; Prophecies of Isaiah; Historical Books of the Old Testament from Joshua to Second Kings; The Gospel by Matthew, constitute a scholar’s version of the Scriptures, amply illustrated with critical and philological notes. Fu.

=Condie, Daniel Francis.= Pa., 1796-1875. A physician and medical writer of Philadelphia. Course of Examination for Medical Students; Catechism of Health; Epidemic Cholera; Diseases of Children.

=Cone, Helen Gray.= N. Y., 1859- ----. An instructor in the Normal College of New York city, whose writing has been mainly in verse. Oberon and Puck, verses Grave and Gay; The Ride to the Lady and Other Poems. Hou.

=Congdon, Charles Taber.= Ms., 1821-1891. A journalist of New York city for some years on the staff of the Tribune. Tribune Essays; Reminiscences of a Journalist; Recollections of a Reader; Autobiographical Papers.

=Conkling, Alfred.= N. Y., 1789-1874. A jurist of New York whose son was the noted statesman, Roscoe Conkling. Treatise on Organization and Jurisdiction of Superior, Circuit, and District Courts; Admiralty Jurisdiction; Powers of the Executive Department of the United States; Young Citizen’s Manual.

=Conkling, Alfred Ronald.= N. Y., 1850- ----. Grandson of A. Conkling, supra. A lawyer of New York city. Appleton’s Guide to Mexico; City Government in the United States; Handbook for Voters in New York city; Life of Roscoe Conkling. Ap.

=Conn, Herbert William.= Ms., 1859- ----. A biologist whose specialty is the bacteriology of milk; instructor and professor of biology at Wesleyan University from 1884. Evolution of To-Day; The Living World: Whence it Came and Whither it is Drifting. Put.

=Connelly, Mrs. Celia [Logan] [Kellogg].= Pa., 1837-1904. A journalist and playwright of Washington. An American Marriage is one of her plays.

=Connelly, Emma M.= Ky., 18-- - ----. A writer of New York city. Under the Surface; Tilting at Wind Mills, a Story of the Blue Grass Country; The Story of Kentucky. Lo.

=Conrad, Frederick William.= Pa., 1816-1898. A Lutheran clergyman of Philadelphia, editor of The Lutheran Observer from 1867. The Lutheran Doctrine of Baptism; Analysis of Luther’s Small Catechism: The Evangelical Lutheran Church; The Call to the Ministry; The Liturgical Question.

=Conrad, Robert Taylor.= Pa., 1810-1858. A lawyer of Philadelphia and mayor of that city in 1854, who was once noted as a dramatic poet. Aylmere, or the Bondman of Kent, is a tragedy in which Jack Cade is the chief figure, a rôle in which Edwin Forrest was very successful. Conrad of Naples, another tragedy, had also a measure of popularity.

=Conrad, Timothy Abbott.= N. J., 1803-1877. A conchologist who published Fossil Shells of the Tertiary Formations of North America; New Fresh-Water Shells of the United States; Miocene Shells of the United States; Palæontology of State of New York.

=Converse, Mrs. Harriet [Maxwell].= N. Y., 184- -1903. A writer of verse and prose in New York city. Sheaves, a collection of verses; The Religious Festivals of the Iroquois Indians; Mythology and Folk-Lore of the North American Indian.

=Conway, Katherine Eleanor.= N. Y., 1853- ----. A journalist of Boston, on the editorial staff of The Pilot. Songs of the Sunrise Slope; A Dream of Lilies, a volume of poems; A Lady and Her Letters; Making Friends and Keeping Them.

=Conway, Moncure Daniel.= Va., 1832- ----. A Unitarian clergyman of extremely radical views, who was for many years settled in charge of a congregation in London. He has been a prolific writer in several fields, and among his many published books are The Rejected Stone; Idols and Ideals; Demonology and Devil Lore; The Wandering Jew; Sketch of Carlyle; The Earthward Pilgrimage; Sacred Anthology, a compilation; Emerson at Home and Abroad; George Washington and Mount Vernon; Omitted Chapters in Life and Letters of Edmund Randolph; Life of Thomas Paine; Tracts for To-Day; Natural History of the Devil; The Golden Hour; Testimonies Concerning Slavery; Human Sacrifices in England; Lessons for the Day; Travels in South Kensington; A Necklace of Stories; Pine and Palm, a novel; Prisons of Air, a novel; Autobiography. Har. Ho.

=Conwell, Russell Herrman.= Ms., 1842- ----. A Baptist minister of Philadelphia. Why the Chinese Emigrate; Woman and the Law; Life of President Hayes; Life of Bayard Taylor; Life of President Garfield; Joshua Giavencola, the Captain of the Vineyards of Lucerna. Lo. Mer.

=Conyngham, David Power.= I., 1840-1883. A New York journalist, editor of The Tablet. Sherman’s March Through the South; Lives of the Irish Saints and Martyrs; The Irish Brigade and its Campaigns. In fiction: Sarsfield, or the Last Great Struggle for Ireland; The O’Donnells of Glen Cottage; O’Mahoney, Chief of the Commeraghs; Rose Parnell, the Flower of Avondale.

=Cook, Albert John.= Mch., 1842- ----. A professor of zoölogy at Michigan Agricultural College. Injurious Insects of Michigan; Manual of the Apiary.

=Cook, Albert Stanborough.= N. J., 1853- ----. A professor of English at Yale University, who has edited Siever’s Old English Grammar; Judith, an Old English Epic Fragment; Sidney’s Defence of Poesy. Gi.

=Cook, Clarence Chatham.= Ms., 1828-1900. An art critic of New York city, and editor of The Studio. He edited Lübke’s History of Art, and published also The House Beautiful; Essays on Beds and Tables, Stools and Candlesticks; The Central Park. Scr.

=Cook, George Hammell.= N. J., 1818-1889. A professor of geology at Rutgers College and State geologist, whose only published work is The Geology of New Jersey.

=Cook, Joel.= Pa., 1842- ----. A Philadelphia journalist, financial editor of the Public Ledger. Brief Summer Rambles near Philadelphia; An Eastern Tour at Home; A Holiday Tour in Europe; England, Picturesque and Descriptive; The Siege of Richmond. My.

=Cook, Joseph.= N. Y., 1838-1901. A Boston lecturer whose Monday morning lectures at Tremont Temple were at one time very popular, but whose shallow, pretentious thought provoked much criticism from scholarly, accurate minds. Boston Monday Lectures, in ten volumes; Current Religious Perils, with Other Addresses on Leading Reforms. Hou.

=Cook, Marc.= R. I., 1854-1882. A journalist of New York. The Wilderness Cure; Vandyke Brown Poems.

=Cook, Richard Briscoe.= Md., 1838- ----. A Baptist clergyman of Wilmington, Delaware. The Story of the Baptists in all Ages and Countries.

=Cook, Theodore Pease.= Ms., 1844- ----. Brother of M. Cook, supra. A journalist of Utica, who published a Life of Samuel J. Tilden. Ap.

=Cooke, George Willis.= Mch., 1848- ----. A Unitarian clergyman of Lexington, Massachusetts, who has done much excellent work in criticism. George Eliot: a Critical Study; Ralph Waldo Emerson: his Life, Writings, and Philosophy; Poets and Problems, Studies of Tennyson, Ruskin, and Browning; Guide Book to Browning; The Clapboard Trees Parish, Dedham, a History. Hou.

=Cooke, John Esten.= Va., 1830-1886. A noted Virginia author who served in the Confederate army during the Civil War. He wrote much historical fiction, The Virginia Comedians being the most famous of his romances. Leather Stocking and Silk; The Youth of Jefferson; Surry of Eagle’s Nest; Wearing the Gray; My Lady Pokahontas; Henry St. John, reissued as Bonnybel Vane; Mohun, or the Last Days of Lee and his Paladins; Her Majesty the Queen; Pretty Mrs. Gaston; Stories of the Old Dominion; The Maurice Mystery; Mr. Grantley’s Idea; Professor Pressensee; Virginia Bohemians; Hammer and Rapier; Hilt to Hilt, include the greater part of his work in fiction. He wrote also Life of General Lee; Stonewall Jackson, a Biography; Virginia, a History of the People. Ap. Har. Hou. Lip.

=Cooke, Josiah Parsons.= Ms., 1827-1894. A chemist of distinction who was professor of chemistry at Harvard University from 1850, and lectured in many places on scientific topics. Religion and Chemistry; Scientific Culture; Elements of Chemical Physics; Chemical Problems and Reactions; Principles of Chemical Philosophy; The New Chemistry; The Credentials of Science the Warrant of Faith; Laboratory Practice. Ap. Scr.

=Cooke, Nicholas Francis.= R. I., 1829-1885. A once prominent physician of Chicago. Satan in Society; Antiseptic Medication.

=Cooke, Parsons.= Ms., 1800-1864. A Congregational clergyman of Lynn, strongly Calvinistic in doctrine and controversially inclined. History of German Anabaptism; A Century of Puritanism and a Century of its Opposites.

=Cooke, Philip Pendleton.= Va., 1816-1850. Brother of J. E. Cooke, supra. A Virginia lawyer whose verse was once very much admired, and whose Florence Vane still lingers in the anthologies. The Froissart Ballads, and Other Poems. See Griswold’s Poets and Poetry of America; Hart’s American Literature.

=Cooke, Philip St. George.= Va., 1809-1895. Uncle of J. E. Cooke, supra. A brigadier-general in the United States army who retired in 1873. Scenes and Adventures in the Army; Handy Book for United States Cavalry; Cavalry Tactics; Conquest of New Mexico and California.

=Cooke, Mrs. Rose [Terry].= Ct., 1827-1892. A New England writer well known both as a poet and a writer of short stories of notable excellence. Poems by Rose Terry; Happy Dodd; Somebody’s Neighbors; The Sphinx’s Children and Other People’s; Steadfast; Huckleberries. In 1888 a complete collection of her poems was made, including the contents of her early volume and her later work in verse. The Two Villages is her best known poem, as it is one of her best. Hou.

=Cookman, Alfred.= 1828-1871. A Methodist clergyman who published Stayed on God. See Life by H. B. Ridgaway, 1871.

=Coolbrith, Ina Donna.= Il., 18-- - ----. A California poet, formerly librarian of the Oakland Public Library. Her work, though uneven in quality, is nearly always musical. The Perfect Day and Other Poems; Songs from the Golden Gate. Hou.

=Cooley, Le Roy Clark.= N. Y., 1833- ----. A professor of physics at Vassar College. Text-Book of Physics; Text-Book of Chemistry; Easy Experiments in Physical Science; Natural Philosophy; Elements of Chemistry; Students’ Guide Book; Beginners’ Guide to Chemistry; Laboratory Studies in Elementary Chemistry.

=Cooley, Thomas McIntyre.= N. Y., 1824-1898. A jurist of prominence in Michigan, professor of history in the University of Michigan. Law of Taxation; Law of Torts; General Principles of Constitutional Law in the United States; Treatise on Constitutional Limitations of the Legislative Power in the Several States; annotated editions of Blackstone’s Story’s Commentaries; Michigan, a History of Governments. Hou. Lit.

=Coolidge, Susan.= See Woolsey, Sarah.

=Coombs, Mrs. Annie [Sheldon].= N. Y., 1858-1890. A novelist of New York city. As Common Mortals; A Game of Chance; The Garden of Armida. Ap.

=Cooper, Ellwood.= Pa., 1829- ----. A horticulturist of southern California, president of the State board of horticulture. Statistics of Trade with Hayti; Forest Culture and Eucalyptus Trees; Treatise on Olive Culture.

=Cooper, James Fenimore.= N. J., 1789-1851. The first American writer to gain general European recognition, and the first native novelist who won a national reputation. Although much that he wrote is nearly forgotten, the best of his work survives and is still popular. His first novel, Precaution, a conventional, mediocre piece of writing, appeared in 1820, and was followed, in 1821, by The Spy, the most famous of all his books, having been translated into all the principal languages of Europe. Almost as famous is The Last of the Mohicans, a much greater work. Among his tales of the sea, The Pilot and The Red Rover are the best, as the five Leather Stocking tales--The Deerslayer, The Last of the Mohicans, The Pathfinder, The Pioneers, The Prairie,--are the best of his stories of Indian life. His other fictions include The Bravo; Lionel Lincoln, or The Leaguer of Boston; The Water-Witch; The Two Admirals; The Wept of Wish-ton-Wish; The Heidenmauer; The Headsman; Homeward Bound; Home as Found; The Monikins, the weakest of all his works; Mercedes of Castile; Wing-and-Wing; Wyandotté; Afloat and Ashore; Satanstoe; The Chainbearer; The Red Skins; Jack Tier; The Crater; The Oak Openings; The Sea Lions; The Ways of the Hour; Miles Wallingford. He wrote, also, History of the United States Navy; Sketches of Switzerland; Gleanings in Europe; Notions of the Americans. See Lowell’s Fable for Critics; Bryant’s Memorial Discourse, 1852; Coffin’s Home of Cooper, 1872; Life, by Lounsbury, 1882; Bryant and his Friends, 1886; Richardson’s American Literature; The Bookman, March, 1897. Ap. Hou. Put.

=Cooper, Myles.= E., 1735-1785. An Episcopal clergyman who came to America in 1762, and was president of King’s (now Columbia) College, 1763-1775. Being an ardent loyalist, he was obliged to leave the colony, and returned to England. Friendly Advice to all Reasonable Americans on our Political Confusions; Poems on Several Occasions; Address to the Episcopalians of Virginia; The American Querist.

=Cooper, Peter.= N. Y., 1791-1883. A famous philanthropist of New York city who founded the Cooper Institute. Ideas for a System of Good Government; Financial Opinions, with Autobiography.

=Cooper, Susan Fenimore.= N. Y., 1813-1894. Daughter of J. F. Cooper, supra. A writer of rural sketches, whose life was passed at Cooperstown, New York. Rural Hours; Country Rambles; Rhyme and Reason; Country Life; The Shield, a Narrative; Mount Vernon and the Children of America. Hou.

=Cooper, Thomas.= E., 1759-1840. A noted scientist who came to America in 1795 with Dr. Priestley, infra, and was president of the College of South Carolina, 1820-34. Letters on the Slave Trade; Tracts Ethical, Theological, and Political; Information concerning America; The Bankrupt Law of America compared with that of England; Tracts on Medical Jurisprudence; Elements of Political Economy; An English Version of the Institutes of Justinian.

=Cooper, William.= Ms., 1694-1743. A once famous Congregational minister of Boston. Tract Defending Inoculation for the Small Pox, 1720; The Doctrine of Predestination unto Life.

=Cope, Edward Drinker.= Pa., 1840-1897. A noted Philadelphia naturalist. Origin of Genera; Extinct Batrachia and Reptilia of North America; Primary Groups of Batrachia Anura; Systematic Relations of the Fishes; Vertebrate Palæontology of New Mexico; Tertiary Vertebrata of the West; The Origin of the Fittest, include the more important of his writings. Ap.

=Cope, Gilbert.= Pa., 1840- ----. A genealogist of Pennsylvania. Record of the Cope Family; The Browns of Nottingham; Genealogy of the Dutton Family; Genealogy of the Sharpless Family; History of Chester County, Pennsylvania.

=Coppée, Henry.= Ga., 1821-1895. A prominent educator, president of Lehigh University, 1866-75, and professor there until his death. During the Mexican War he served as an officer in the American army. His most important work is a History of the Conquest of Spain by the Arab Moors, which takes up the narrative at the period reached at the close of Irving’s “Mahomet and his Successors.” His other works comprise Elements of Logic; Elements of Rhetoric; Grant and his Campaigns; Manual of Battalion Drill; Evolutions of the Line; Manual of Court Martial. Lit.

=Copway, George=, or =Kah-ge-ga-gah-bowh=. Mch., 1818-c. 1869. An Indian of the Ojibway tribe who was a journalist in New York City, and was well known as a lecturer. Recollections of a Forest Life; Copway’s “American Indian;” The Traditional History of the Ojibway Nation; The Ojibway Conquest, a poem; Running Sketches of Men and Places in Europe, include the most of his writings.

=Corbin, Mrs. Caroline Elizabeth [Fairfield].= Ct., 1835- ----. A Chicago writer of fiction and other works. Rebecca; His Marriage Vow; Belle and the Boys; A Woman’s Philosophy of Love, a psychological treatise. Le.

=Corbin, John.= Il., 1870- ----. Son of Mrs. Corbin, supra. The Elizabethan Hamlet. Scr.

=Cornelius, Elias.= N. Y., 1794-1852. A missionary to the Cherokee Indians who wrote The Little Osage Captive, an Authentic Narrative.

=Cornell, Alonzo Barton.= N. Y., 1832- ----. A governor of New York, 1880-83, and a son of the founder of Cornell University. His only publication is True and Firm, a Biography of Ezra Cornell: a Filial Tribute. Bar.

=Cornell, John Henry.= N. Y., 1828-1894. A musician and organist of New York City. Primer of Modern Musical Tonality; Practice of Sight Singing; Easy Method of Modulation; Theory and Practice of Musical Form; A Manual of Roman Chant; Congregational Tune Book.

=Cornell, William Mason.= Ms., 1802-1895. A physician of Boston and elsewhere. Robert Raikes, the Founder of Sunday Schools; Life of Horace Greeley; Grammar of the English Language; Consumption Prevented; Treatise on Epilepsy; History of Pennsylvania, include the most of his writings. Fu. Lo.

=Cornwall, Henry Bedinger.= Ct., 1844- ----. A professor of mineralogy at Princeton College since 1873, who has published A Manual of Blow-Pipe Analysis.

=Cornwallis, Kinahan.= E., 1835- ----. A New York journalist who came to America about 1860. His more important works are Yarra Yarra, or the Wandering Aborigine, a Poetical Narrative; The New Eldorado of British Columbia; Wreck and Ruin, or Modern Society; My Life and Adventures, an Autobiography; Adrift with a Vengeance; Pilgrims of Fashion; The Gold Room and the New York Stock Exchange. Har.

=Cornwell, Henry Sylvester.= N. H., 1831-1886. A physician of New London, Connecticut, who wrote much thoughtful verse. The Land of Dreams and Other Poems (1879), is the only collection that has been made of his poems.

=Corson, Hiram.= Pa., 1828- ----. A Chaucerian and Early English scholar, professor at Cornell University since 1870. The Voice and Spiritual Education; Elocutionary Manual; Jottings on the Text of Hamlet; Introduction to the Study of Browning; Lectures on English Language and Literature; The Aims of Literary Study; Vocal Culture in Relation to Literary Study; Thesaurus of Early English; Handbook of Anglo-Saxon and Early English. He has also edited Chaucer’s Legende of Goode Women. Gi. Ho. Mac.

=Corson, Juliet.= Ms., 1842-1897. A cooking instructor of New York, founder of the School of Cooking there in 1876. Cooking Manual; Cooking School Text-Book; Twenty-Five Cent Dinners for Families of Six; Meals for the Million; Practical American Cookery; Family Living on Five Hundred Dollars a Year; Diet for Invalids and Children. Do. Har.

=Corthell, Elmer Lawrence.= Ms., 1840- ----. A civil engineer of distinction. History of the Jetties at the Mouth of the Mississippi.

=Corwin, Edward Tanjore.= N. Y., 1834- ----. A Reformed Dutch clergyman of New Jersey, among whose works are Manual of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church in North America; Manual of the Reformed Church in America; Corwin Genealogy.

=Cossett, Franceway Ranna.= N. H., 1790-1863. A Cumberland Presbyterian clergyman of Tennessee. He published The Life and Times of Ewing, which gives a history of the beginnings of the Cumberland Presbyterian denomination.

=Cotheal, Alexander Isaac.= N. Y., 1804-1894. An Oriental scholar of New York City who published Sketch of the Language of the Mosquito Indians; Atoff the Generous, a translation from the Arabic.

=Cotting, John Ruggles.= Ms., 1783-1867. A once noted Georgia scientist. Introduction to Chemistry; Lectures on Geology; Soils and Manures.

=Cotton, John.= E., 1585-1652. The foremost clergyman of his century in New England. He came to the Massachusetts colony in 1633, having been for 20 years vicar of St. Botolph’s church in Boston, Lincolnshire. He was at once made teacher of the church in the new settlement of Boston, and until his death exercised an influence in church and state unequalled by any one since in New England. He was a prolific writer, but his writings have no charm of style, and the power which he wielded was a force that lay in the man himself, not in his books. His principal works comprise The Bloody Tenet Washed and made White in the Blood of the Lamb, a reply to Roger Williams’s famous “Bloody Tenet of Persecution”; A Brief Exposition upon Ecclesiastes; The Covenant of Grace; The Keys of the Kingdom of Heaven; The Way of the Congregational Churches Cleared; The Way of Life; Treatise concerning Predestination; The New Covenant; Meat for Strong Men, Spiritual Milk for Babes. See Cotton Mather’s Magnalia; Lives by Norton, 1653; McClure, 1843; Tyler’s American Literature.

=Coues= [kŏwz], =Elliott.= N. H., 1842-1899. An eminent naturalist connected with the Smithsonian Institution. Key to North American Birds; Field Ornithology; Birds of the Northwest; Fur-Bearing Animals; Check List of North American Birds; Birds of the Colorado Valley; New England Bird Life (with W. A. Stearns); Biogen, a Speculation on the Origin of Life; The Dæmon of Darwin; Our Native Birds. Est. Le. Wn.

=Coulter, John Merle.= Ch., 1851- ----. A botanist who was president of the Indiana State University, 1891-93. Synopsis of the Flora of Colorado (with T. C. Porter); Manual of Rocky Mountain Botany; Manual of Texan Botany; Text-Book of Western Botany (with Asa Gray, infra).

=Councilman, William Thomas.= Md., 1854- ----. A physician and instructor at the Harvard Medical School. Contribution to the Study of Inflammation; On Arterio Sclerosis; Syphilis of the Lungs; On the Ætiology of Malaria, and other works.

=Courtenay= [kŭrt´ni], =Edward Henry.= Md., 1803-1853. A civil engineer who was professor of mathematics in the University of Virginia, 1842-53, and published a Treatise on Differential Calculus and the Calculus of Variations.

=Covell, James.= Ms., 1796-1845. A Methodist clergyman of New York and Vermont who published a Dictionary of the Bible. Meth.

=Cowan, Frank.= Pa., 1844- ----. A Pennsylvania lawyer and journalist, who has travelled extensively and who entered Corea before that country had made any treaties with foreign nations. Curious Facts in the History of Insects; Zomara, a Romance of Spain; Southwestern Pennsylvania in Song and Story; The City of the Royal Palm, and Other Poems; A Visit in Verse to Honolulu; Fact and Fancy in New Zealand.

=Cowdin, Jasper Barnett.= 18-- - ----. Esther’s Wedding and Other Poems.

=Cowell, Benjamin.= Ms., 1781-1860. A jurist of Providence who published an historical work, The Spirit of ’76.

=Cowen, Patrick H.= -----18--. Digest of Criminal Decisions of the Court of New York; Reports of Criminal Cases; The Poor Laws of the State of New York.

=Cowles= [kōlz], =Henry.= Ct., 1803-1881. A Congregational clergyman who was professor of theology at Oberlin College, 1835-48. Gospel Manna for Christian Pilgrims; Hebrew History; Critical Notes on the Old and New Testament, in 16 volumes. Ap.

=Cowley, Charles.= E., 1832- ----. A lawyer of Lowell. Memories of the Indians and Pioneers of Lowell; Illustrated History of Lowell; Famous Divorces of all Ages; Our Divorce Courts.

=Cox, Edward Travers.= Va., 1821- ----. A geologist of New York City who made a number of important surveys, and published Annual Reports of the Geological Survey of Indiana.

=Cox, Jacob Dolson.= O., 1828-1900. An Ohio lawyer who served in the Union army during the Civil War as major-general, was governor of Ohio, 1860-67, Secretary of the Interior, 1869-1870, and president of Cincinnati University, 1885. Atlanta: The March to the Sea; The Second Battle of Bull Run as connected with the Fitz-John Porter Case. Scr.

=Cox, Palmer.= Q., 1840- ----. An artist of New York City widely known by the various volumes of the Brownie Books, a series of juveniles consisting of very original humourous pictures and somewhat indifferent verses. Other works of his include Squibs, or Every-Day Life Illustrated; Hans Von Petter’s Trip to Gotham; How Columbus Found America; That Stanley; Queer People, such as Goblins, etc.; Queer People with Claws and Wings; Queer People with Wings and Stings. Cent.

=Cox, Samuel Hanson.= N. J., 1793-1880. A Presbyterian clergyman of the New School party noted for his eccentricities and fondness for controversy. Quakerism not Christianity; Theopneuston, or Select Scriptures Considered; Interviews Memorable and Useful, are his most important writings.

=Cox, Samuel Sullivan.= O., 1824-1889. A noted Democratic Congressman from Ohio, and later from New York, who was a popular lecturer, humourist, and writer of travels. He was minister to Turkey, 1885-86. Eight Years in Congress; Why We Laugh; Three Decades of Federal Legislation; Diversions of a Diplomat in Turkey; A Buckeye Abroad; Search for Winter Sunbeams in the Riviera, Corsica, Algiers, and Spain; Arctic Sunbeams; Orient Sunbeams; Free Land and Free Trade. Har.

=Coxe, Arthur Cleveland.= N. J., 1818-1896. The second Protestant Episcopal bishop of Western New York. A son of S. H. Cox, supra, having adopted an older spelling of his surname. A writer of much force and originality, holding opinions with great tenacity and much given to controversy. Christian Ballads; Halloween; Athanasius and Other Poems; Advent, a Mystery; Saul, a Mystery; Athwold, a Romaunt; St. Jonathan, the Lay of a Scald, include his writings in verse. His other works comprise Impressions of England; Thoughts on the Services; Apollos, or the Way of God; The Criterion, a Means of Distinguishing Truth from Error; Institutes of Christian History; Signs of the Times; L’Episcopat de l’Occident, a defence of Anglican theology; The Penitential. Ap. Dut. Lip.

=Coxe, Eckley Brinton.= Pa., 1839-1895. A Pennsylvania mining engineer who was the author of Theoretical Mechanics.

=Coxe, John Redman.= N. J., 1773-1864. A noted physician who was the first to introduce the practice of vaccination in Philadelphia. Inflammation; Importance of Medicine; Vaccination; Combustion; American Dispensatory; Recognition of Friends in Another World; Agaricus Atramentarius; The Writings of Hippocrates and Galen Epitomized; Refutation of Harvey’s Claim to the Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood; Appeal to the Public.

=Coxe, Margaret.= N. J., 1800-18--. Claims of the Country on American Females; Wonders of the Deep; Ladies’ Companion.

=Coxe, Tench.= Pa., 1755-1824. A once noted Philadelphia writer on commerce and political economy. Inquiry into the Principles of a Commercial System for the United States; View of the United States; On the Navigation Act; Thoughts on Naval Power; Address on American Manufactures.

=Coyle, John Patterson.= Pa., 1852-1895. A Congregational clergyman formerly of North Adams, Massachusetts, but settled in Denver at the time of his death. The Imperial Christ, with a Biographical Introduction by George A. Gates; The Spirit in Literature and Life. Hou.

=Cozzens, Frederick Swartwout.= N. Y., 1818-1869. A wine merchant of New York City, once noted as a humourist, but now neglected. The Sparrowgrass Papers; Acadia, or a Sojourn among the Blue Noses; Sayings of Dr. Bushwhacker and Other Learned Men; Stone House on the Susquehanna; Prismatics; Fitz-Greene Halleck, a Memorial.

=Cozzens, Issachar.= R. I., 1781-18--. Uncle of F. S. Cozzens, supra. A mineralogist who published History of New York Island.

=Cozzens, Samuel Woodworth.= Ms., 1834-1878. A lawyer of Arizona. Nobody’s Husband; The Marvellous Country, or Three Years in Arizona; The Young Trail Hunters; The Young Silver Seekers; Crossing the Quicksands. Le.

=Craddock, Charles Egbert.= See Murfree, Mary Noailles.

=Crafts, Wilbur Fisk.= Me., 1850- ----. A Congregational clergyman of New York City and elsewhere. Through the Eye to the Heart; Childhood; The Ideal Sunday-School; The Rescue of Child Soul; Must the Old Testament Go?; The Sabbath for Man; Talks to Boys and Girls about Jesus; Successful Men of To-Day; Practical Christian Sociology, include the larger number of his writings. Fu. Le.

=Crafts, William.= S. C., 1787-1826. A once noted lawyer and journalist of Charleston. See Poems, Essays, and Orations, with Memoir, by S. Gilman, infra, 1828.

=Crafts, William Augustus.= 1819- ----. A Boston writer. Life of General Grant; History of the United States; Pioneers in the Settlement of America.

=Cram, Ralph Adams.= N. H., 1863- ----. An architect of Boston. The Decadent, being the Gospel of Inaction; Black Spirits and White, a book of ghost stories; In the Island of Avalon, a book of verse. Cop. St.

=Cranch, Christopher Pearse.= Va., 1813-1892. Son of W. Cranch, infra. He was ordained as a Unitarian minister, but after a few years in the ministry gave up his profession and devoted himself to art. For many years he lived in Italy and Paris, but his later years were spent in Cambridge, Massachusetts. His early sympathies were with the New England Transcendentalists, and his best known poem, Thought, was written for The Dial. His work as a poet is uneven, but at its best is excellent. It never strongly appealed to popular tastes, but was always appreciated by thoughtful minds. Poems, 1844; The Bird and the Bell, and Other Poems; Ariel and Caliban, and Other Poems; Satan: a Libretto; The Æneid in English Blank Verse. The Last of the Huggermuggers; Kobboltzo, are juvenile prose tales. Hou. Le.

=Cranch, Richard.= E., 1726-1811. A lawyer of Braintree, Massachusetts, who published Views of the Prophets concerning Anti-Christ.

=Cranch, William.= Ms., 1769-1855. Son of R. Cranch, supra. A noted jurist who was chief justice of the District of Columbia, 1805-55. Reports of Cases in the United States District Court of the District of Columbia, 1801-41; Supreme Court Reports, 1800-1815.

=Crandall, Charles Henry.= N. Y., 1858- ----. A littérateur of Springdale, Connecticut. Wayside Music, a book of verse. Put.

=Crane, Cephas Bennett.= N. Y., 1833- ----. A Baptist clergyman of Boston. The Spiritual Court of the Christian Church.

=Crane, Jonathan Townley.= N. J., 1819-1880. A Methodist clergyman of New Jersey. Methodism and its Methods; The Right Way; Essay on Dancing; Popular Amusements; Arts of Intoxication; Holiness the Birthright of all God’s Children.

=Crane, Oliver.= N. J., 1822-1896. A Presbyterian clergyman who lived in Boston during his latest years. Minto and Other Poems; Virgil’s Aeneid translated literally into English dactylic hexameter.

=Crane, Stephen.= N. J., 1870-1900. A popular novelist of New York City. George’s Mother; The Black Riders and Other Lines, a collection of wilfully eccentric verse; The Red Badge of Courage, a striking historical romance of the Civil War in America; Maggie, a story of slum life. Ap. Cop.

=Crane, Thomas Frederick.= N. Y., 1844- ----. A professor of Romance languages at Cornell University. Italian Popular Tales; The Exempla, or Illustrative Stories from the Sermones of Jacques de Vitry; Tableaux de la Revolution Française; Le Romantisme Française; La Société Française au Dixseptiéme Siècle; Chansons Populaires de la France.

=Crane, William Carey.= Va., 1816-1885. A Baptist clergyman of Texas, president of Baylor University, 1863-1885, which was renamed Crane College in his honour, 1885. Discourses; Life of Sam. Houston, and lesser works.

=Crawford, Mrs. Alice [Arnold].= Wis., 1850-1874. A Milwaukee writer who published A Few Thoughts for a Few Friends, a collection of verse.

=Crawford, Francis Marion.= Iy., 1854- ----. A son of the noted sculptor, Crawford. His life has been mainly spent in Italy, where he has devoted himself to novel-writing with great perseverance. His novels are of varying degrees of excellence and always entertaining, but none of them reach the high-water mark of enduring excellence. Mr. Isaacs; Dr. Claudius; A Roman Singer; To Leeward; An American Politician; Zoroaster; Adam Johnstone’s Sin; A Tale of a Lonely Parish; Saracinesca; Marzio’s Crucifix; Paul Patoff; With the Immortals; Greifenstein; Sant’ Ilario; A Cigarette-maker’s Romance; Khaled; The Witch of Prague; The Three Fates; Don Orsino; Children of the King; Pietro Ghisleri; Marion Darche; The Ralstons; Katherine Lauderdale; Casa Braccio; Love in Idleness, a Tale of Bar Harbour; The Novel: What it Is; Constantinople, a book of travels; Taquisara. See Vedder’s American Writers. Mac. Mer. Scr.

=Crawford, Nathaniel Morton.= Ga., 1811-1871. A Baptist minister of Kentucky, president of Georgetown College, Kentucky, 1865-71, and the author of Christian Paradoxes.

=Crayon, Porte.= See Strother.

=Creswell, Mrs. Julia [Pleasants].= Al., 1827-1886. A Southern writer who published Aphelia and Other Poems by Two Cousins; Callamura, an allegorical novel.

=Crocker, George Glover.= Ms., 1843- ----. A lawyer of Boston. Principles of Procedure in Deliberative Assemblies.

=Crocker, Mrs. Hannah [Mather].= Ms., 1765-1847. A granddaughter of Cotton Mather, infra. Letters on Free Masonry; The School of Reform; Observations on the Rights of Woman.

=Crocker, Uriel Haskell.= Ms., 1832-1902. Brother of G. G. Crocker, supra. A lawyer of Boston. The Cause of Hard Times; Notes on Common Forms; Book of Massachusetts Law; Excessive Saving a Cause of Commercial Distress; Notes on General Statutes of Massachusetts (with G. G. Crocker). Lit.

=Crockett, David.= Tn., 1786-1836. A noted hunter and pioneer who enlisted in the Texan army in the revolt against Mexico, and was slain in the massacre at the Alamo, in San Antonio. Tour to the North and Down East; Life of David Crockett, by Himself (1834); Colonel Crockett’s Exploits in Texas; Life of Martin Van Buren, Heir Apparent; Leisure Hour Musings in Rhyme. See Life by E. S. Ellis; Bibliography of Texas.

=Croffut, William Augustus.= Ct., 1835- ----. A well-known journalist attached to many journals, East and West, and connected with the United States Geological Survey since 1888. The War History of Connecticut; A Helping Hand; Bourbon Ballads; Deseret, an Opera; A Midsummer Lark, a humorous volume of travels; The Vanderbilts; The Folks Next Door; The Prophecy, and Other Poems.

=Croly, David Goodman.= N. Y., 1829-1889. A journalist of New York City. Life of Horatio Seymour; History of Reconstruction; The Positivist Primer; Glimpses of the Future.

=Croly, Mrs. Jane Cunningham.= “Jennie June.” E., 1829-1901. Wife of D. G. Croly, supra. The founder of Sorosis, and editor of Demorest’s Magazine, 1860-87. The originator of duplicate correspondence. Talks on Women’s Topics; For Better or Worse; Knitters and Crochet; Letters and Monograms; Cookery Book for Young Beginners; Thrown upon her Own Resources. Cr.

=Crooks, George Richard.= Pa., 1822-1897. A Methodist clergyman and religious journalist. Life of John McClintock, infra; Life of Matthew Simpson; First Books in Latin and Greek (with J. McClintock); Latin-English Lexicon (with A. J. Schem). Fu. Har.

=Crosby, Alpheus.= N. H., 1810-1874. An educator of Massachusetts who published Greek Lessons; Greek Fables; Greek Tables; First Lessons in Geometry; an edition of Xenophon’s Anabasis.

=Crosby, Howard.= N. Y., 1826-1891. A Presbyterian clergyman long prominent in New York City who was chancellor of the University of New York city, 1870-81. The Christian Preacher; Notes on the New Testament; Life of Jesus; Christ and Science; At the Lord’s Table; Sermons; Lands of the Moslem; Œdipus Tyrannus of Sophocles, with Notes; Bible Manual; Bible Companion; Bible View of the Jewish Church; The Seven Churches of Asia, or Worldliness in the Church; Thoughts on the Pentateuch; Commentary on the New Testament, include his principal works. Fu. Ran.

=Crosby, Nathan.= N. H., 1798-1885. Brother of A. Crosby, supra. A prominent lawyer of Lowell, who published First Half Century of Dartmouth College.

=Crosby, William Otis.= O., 1850- ----. A professor of geology in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who has published Common Minerals and Rocks; Contributions to the Geology of Eastern Massachusetts.

=Cross, Charles Robert.= N. Y., 1848- ----. A professor of physics in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Course in Elementary Physics; Lecture Notes on Mechanics and Optics.

=Cross, David Wallace.= N. Y., 1814-1891. A Cleveland lawyer of local fame as a sportsman. Fifty Years with the Rod and Gun.

=Cross, Joseph.= E., 1813-1893. An Episcopal clergyman who from 1829-1856 was a prominent Methodist divine. The more important of his writings include Headlands of Faith; Pisgah Views of the Promised Inheritance; A Year in Europe; Coals from the Altar; Pauline Charity; Prelections on Charity; Old Wine and New.

=Cross, Mrs. Jane Tandy [Chinn] [Harding].= Ky., 1817-1870. Wife of J. Cross, supra. Wayside Flowerets; Heart Blossoms for my Little Daughters; Bible Gleanings; Driftwood; Gonzalo de Cordova, a translation from the Spanish; Duncan Adair, a novel.

=Croswell, Andrew.= 1709-1785. A Boston clergyman, very active as a controversialist. The Apostle’s Advice to the Jailor Improved; Heaven shut against Arminians and Antinomians.

=Croswell, Harry.= Ct., 1778-1858. An Episcopal clergyman who was rector of Trinity Church, New Haven, 1816-58, but in earlier life was a political journalist noted for his scathing editorials. Young Churchman’s Guide; Manual of Family Prayers; Guide to the Holy Sacrament.

=Croswell, William.= Ms., 1804-1851. Son of H. Croswell, supra. An Episcopal clergyman of Boston, the first rector of the Church of the Advent. Some of his hymns appear in various religious anthologies and hymnals. Poems Sacred and Secular.

=Crowe, Winfield Scott.= Ind., 1850- ----. A Universalist clergyman, of Newark, New Jersey, editor of the Universalist Monthly. The Man of Evolution; The God of Evolution; The Lordship of Jesus.

=Crowell, Eugene.= N. Y., 1817-1894. A writer of San Francisco, and later of New York city, who was a zealous defender of Spiritualism. The Identity of Primitive Christianity with Modern Spiritualism; The Spirit World; The Philosophy of Death; Spiritualism and Insanity; The Religion of Spiritualism.

=Crowell, William.= Ms., 1806-1871. A Baptist clergyman who published The Church Member’s Manual of Ecclesiastical Principles; Church Member’s Handbook; History of Baptist Literature for Fifty Years.

=Cruger, Mrs. Julia Grinnell [Storrow].= “Julien Gordon.” F., 18-- - ----. A popular novelist of New York city. A Diplomat’s Diary; Poppaea; A Successful Man; A Wedding and Other Stories; Mademoiselle Réséda; A Puritan Pagan. Lip.

=Cruger, Mary.= N. Y., 1834- ----. A writer of Montrose, New York. Hyperæsthesia; A Den of Thieves, or the Lay Reader of St. Mark’s; The Vanderheyde Manor House; How She Did It; Brotherhood. Fo. Lo.

=Crummell, Alexander.= N. Y., 1819-1898. A coloured Episcopal clergyman of Washington. The Future of Africa; Greatness of Christ, and Other Sermons; Africa and America.

=Cruse, Christian Frederick.= Pa., 1794-1864. An Episcopal clergyman of New York city whose translation of the Ecclesiastical History of Eusebius is a standard English version.

=Cruse, Mary Anne.= Al., 18-- - ----. A writer and educator of Huntsville, Alabama. Besides a novel of the Civil War, Cameron Hall, she has written several popular Sunday-school books, such as The Little Episcopalian; Bessie Melville.

=Cruttenden, Daniel Henry.= N. Y., 1816-1874. An educator of New York city, among whose text-books are Systematic Arithmetic Series; The Philosophy of Language; Rhetorical Grammar.

=Crynkle, Nym.= See Wheeler, A. C.

=Culbertson, Matthew Simpson.= Pa., 1818-1862. A Presbyterian missionary to China. Darkness in the Flowery Kingdom, or Religious Notions in North China.

=Cullum, George Washington.= N. Y., 1809-1892. A brevet major-general in the United States army. Military Bridges with India-Rubber Pontoons; Biographical Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U. S. Military Academy at West Point, 1802-90; System of Military Bridges. Hou.

=Cumming, Kate.= Al., c. 1835- ----. A resident of Mobile, prominent during the Civil War as an organizer of field hospitals in the Confederate army. Hospital Life in Tennessee from the Battle of Shiloh to the End of the War.

=Cummings, Amos Jay.= N. Y., 1842-1902. A journalist of New York city. Horace Greeley Campaign Songster; Sayings of Uncle Rufus; Ziska Letters.

=Cummings, Jeremiah W.= D. C., 1823-1866. A once popular Roman Catholic clergyman of New York city. Italian Legends; Songs for Catholic Schools; Spiritual Progress; The Silver Stole.

=Cummings, Thomas Seir.= E., 1804-1894. A New York artist who was author of the Historic Annals of the National Academy from its Foundation to 1865.

=Cummins, Ebenezer Harlow.= N. C., 1790-1835. A clergyman and magistrate of Baltimore. Geography of Alabama; History of the Late War (1820).

=Cummins, Maria Susanna.= Ms., 1827-1866. A once famous novelist of Massachusetts, whose first book, The Lamplighter, enjoyed for a time a phenomenal popularity. Her subsequent stories include El Fureidîs, a tale of Palestine; Haunted Hearts; Mabel Vaughan. Cr. Hou.

=Curry, Daniel.= N. Y., 1809-1887. A Methodist divine of note. New York, an Historical Sketch; Life Story of Rev. D. W. Clark, supra; Fragments, Religious and Theological; Platform Papers.

=Curry, Jabez Lamar Monroe.= Ga., 1825-1903. A Baptist clergyman who served in the Confederate army during the Civil War, achieved prominence as an educator, and was United States Minister to Spain in 1885. Baptists and Pedobaptists, their Radical Differences in Faith and Practice; Constitutional Government in Spain; Gladstone, a Study; Southern States of the American Union.

=Curry, Otway.= O., 1804-1855. An Ohio journalist who published Love of the Past, a poem.

=Curry, Samuel Silas.= Tn., 1847- ----. An educator of Boston whose specialty is the culture of expression. The Province of Expression; Lessons in Vocal Expression; Imagination and Dramatic Instinct.

=Curtin, Jeremiah.= Wis., 1838- ----. Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland; Hero Tales of Ireland; Tales of the Fairies and the Ghost World, collected from Oral Tradition in South Munster; Myths and Folk-Tales of the Russians, Western Slavs, and Magyars. His translations include Tales of Three Centuries, from the Russian of Zagoskin; The Romances of Sienkiewicz, from the Polish. Lit.

=Curtis, Alva.= N. H., 1797-1881. An Ohio physician and medical writer. Medical Discussions; Lectures on Midwifery; Theory and Practice of Medicine; Medical Criticisms.

=Curtis, Benjamin Robbins.= Ms., 1809-1874. A noted jurist of Boston. Reports of Cases in the Circuit Courts of the United States; United States Supreme Court Decisions; Digest and Decisions of United States Supreme Court. See Memoir by G. T. Curtis. Lit.

=Curtis, Benjamin Robbins, Jr.= Ms., 1855-1891. Son of B. R. Curtis, supra. A municipal court judge of Boston. Dottings Round the Circle, a volume of travels.

=Curtis, Mrs. Caroline Gardiner [Cary].= “Carroll Winchester.” N. Y., 1827- ----. A novelist of Boston. From Madge to Margaret; The Love of a Lifetime.

=Curtis, Edward.= R. I., 1838- ----. Brother of G. W. Curtis, infra. A physician of New York who has published Manual of General Medical Technology.

=Curtis, George Ticknor.= Ms., 1812-1894. Brother of B. R. Curtis, supra. An eminent lawyer of New York city, well known as a legal writer and biographer. Digest of English and American Admiralty Decisions; Digest of Decisions of Courts of Common Law and Admiralty in the United States; American Conveyancer; Law of Patents; Equity Precedents; Inventor’s Manual; Law of Copyright; Rights and Duties of Merchant Seamen; Commentaries on the Jurisprudence, Practice, and Peculiar Jurisdiction of United States Courts; A History of the Constitution of the United States; Life of James Buchanan; Life of Daniel Webster; Creation or Evolution; Last Years of Daniel Webster; John Charaxes, a novel. Har. Lit.

=Curtis, George William.= R. I., 1824-1892. One of the foremost of American essayists, and a writer whose influence was as helpful as it was widespread. In boyhood he was one of the members of the famous Brook Farm Association at West Roxbury. To Putnam’s Monthly he contributed The Potiphar Papers, a spirited satire upon society; and Prue and I, a story far superior to his more ambitious novel, Trumps. For thirty-five years he filled the Easy Chair department of Harper’s Monthly, and from 1863-92 he was the political editor of Harper’s Weekly. He was zealous in the cause of civil service reform, and by his efforts as writer and lecturer accomplished very much in that direction. Beside the volumes already named, his writings include Nile Notes of a Howadji; Lotus Eating; The Howadji in Syria; James Russell Lowell, an Address; Eulogy on Wendell Phillips; From the Easy Chair; Speeches, Addresses, &c., edited by C. E. Norton, infra; Literary and Social Essays. See Life by E. Cary, 1895; Address by J. W. Chadwick, supra; Century Magazine, February, 1883; Smalley’s Studies of Men.

=Curtis, Moses Ashley.= Ms., 1808-1872. A botanist and Episcopal clergyman of North Carolina. Edible Fungi of North Carolina; Contributions to Mycology of North America; Catalogue of the Plants of North Carolina; Esculent Fungi; Indigenous and Native Plants of North Carolina.

=Curtis, Samuel Ives.= Ct., 1844- ----. A Congregational clergyman, professor in the Theological Seminary of Chicago. The Name Maccabee; The Levitical Priests; Ingersoll and Moses; The Date of our Gospels. Rev.

=Curtis, Thomas F.= E., 1815-1872. A Baptist divine who was for some years president of Lewisburg University, Pennsylvania. Progress of Baptist Principles in the Last Hundred Years (1857); The Human Element in the Inspiration of the Sacred Scriptures, a work which occupies the Colenso position on the subject and is in places more advanced.

=Curtis, William Eleroy.= O., 1850- ----. A prominent Washington journalist. The United States and Foreign Powers; Life of Zachariah Chandler; The Capitals of Spanish America; The Land of the Nihilist; Venezuela; The Yankees of the East: Japan Sketches; The True Thomas Jefferson. Har. St.

=Curtiss, Mrs. Abby [Allin].= Ct., 1820- ----. A verse-writer of Madison, Wisconsin, who published Home Ballads (1850).

=Curwen, Samuel.= Ms., 1715-1802. A loyalist who lived in England during the American Revolution, but returned after its close to his native town of Salem. While an exile he kept a journal which contains much valuable information concerning loyalist exiles. It was first published in 1842, with the title Journal and Letters of the Late Samuel Curwen, Judge of Admiralty, an American Refugee in England, 1775-1884.

=Cushing, Caleb.= Ms., 1800-1879. A Massachusetts statesman and diplomatist, who was attorney-general of the United States, 1853-57. Historical and Political Review of the Late Revolution in France, 1833; Practical Principles of Political Economy; Life of William Henry Harrison; Growth and Territorial Progress of the United States, 1837; Reminiscences of Spain; History of Newburyport; The Treaty of Washington. See Appleton’s American Biography. Har.

=Cushing, Luther Stearns.= Ms., 1803-1856. A well-known authority on parliamentary practice and a Massachusetts jurist who was lecturer on Roman Law in Harvard University, 1848-56. Massachusetts Reports, 1848-53; Manual of Parliamentary Practice; Trustee Process; Remedial Law; Reports of Controverted Election Cases in Massachusetts; Introduction to the study of Roman Civil Law; Elements of the Law and Practice of Legislative Assemblies in the United States; Lex Parliamentaria Americana; Rules of Proceeding and Debates in the Deliberative Assemblies. Lit.

=Cushing, William.= Ms., 1811-1895. Brother of L. S. Cushing, supra. A Unitarian clergyman of Massachusetts who, after retiring from the ministry, devoted himself to literary research, and published Anonyms; Initials and Pseudonyms, useful guide-books of literary information. Cr.

=Custer, Mrs. Elizabeth [Bacon].= Mch., 184- - ----. Wife of G. A. Custer, infra. Boots and Saddles, or Life in Dakota with General Custer; Tenting on the Plains, or General Custer in Kansas and Texas; Following the Guidon; The Boy General. Har. Scr.

=Custer, George Armstrong.= O., 1839-1876. A famous general in the Federal army during the Civil War, who afterwards became noted in campaigns against the Indians, and was killed with his entire command in a battle with the Sioux in the Black Hills. My Life on the Plains was his only publication.

=Custis, George Washington Parke.= Va., 1781-1857. An adopted son of General Washington. He published Recollections of Washington.

=Cuthbert, James Hazard.= S. C., 1822- ----. A Baptist divine of Washington. Our Mission as Baptists; Life of Richard Fuller, infra.

=Cutler, Elbridge Jefferson.= Ms., 1831-1870. A professor of modern languages at Harvard University, 1865-1870. War Poems; Stella. See Memoir by A. P. Peabody, infra, 1872.

=Cutler, Mrs. Hannah Maria [Tracy] [Conant].= Ms., 1815-1896. A prominent woman-suffragist who became a physician in 1879, and practiced in Cobden, Illinois. Woman as She Was, Is, and Should Be; Phillipia, or A Woman’s Question; The Fortunes of Michael Doyle, or Home Rule for Ireland.

=Cutler, Jervis.= Ms., 1768-1844. A Western pioneer who published Topographical Description of the Western Country (1812). See Life and Times of Ephraim Cutler.

=Cutler, Mrs. Lizzie [Petit].= Va., 1836- ----. A novelist of New York City. Light and Darkness; Household Mysteries, a romance of Southern life; The Stars of the Crowd, or Men and Women of the Day.

=Cutter, George Washington.= Ms., 1801-1865. A verse-writer of Washington. Buena Vista, and Other Poems; Song of Steam; Poems National and Patriotic.

=Cutting, Hiram Adolphus.= Vt., 1832-1892. A State geologist of Vermont. Mining in Vermont; Climatology of Vermont; Microscopic Revelations; Farm Pests; Notes on Building Stones; Lectures on Plants, Fertilization, etc.; Lectures on Milk, etc.; Farm Lectures; Vermont Agricultural Reports.

=Cutting, Sewall Sylvester.= Vt., 1813-1882. A Baptist clergyman and religious journalist. Historical Vindications; Struggles and Triumphs of Religious Liberty; Ancient Baptistries.

=Cuyler= [ky´ler], =Theodore Ledyard.= N. Y., 1822- ----. A Presbyterian clergyman of note, formerly pastor of Lafayette Avenue Church of Brooklyn. Stray Arrows; Cedar Christian; The Empty Crib; Wayside Springs; Right to the Point; Thought Hives; God’s Light on Dark Clouds; Pointed Papers; Heart Life; From the Nile to Norway; Newly Enlisted, or Talks to Young Converts; The Young Preacher; Stirring the Eagle’s Nest; How To Be a Pastor; Christianity in the Home, comprise the greater number of his works. Rev.

D

=Dabney, Richard.= Va., 1787-1825. A once noted instructor in Richmond, Virginia, whose Poems, Original and Translated, contain scholarly translations from Euripides, Alcæus, and other classic poets.

=Dabney, Richard Heath.= Va., 1859- ----. The Causes of the French Revolution. Ho.

=Dabney, Robert Lewis.= Va., 1820-1898. Nephew of R. Dabney, supra. A Presbyterian clergyman, from 1882 professor of moral philosophy in the University of Texas. Life of T. S. Sampson; Life and Campaigns of General Stonewall Jackson; Sacred Rhetoric, or Lectures on Preaching; Defence of Virginia and the South; The Sensualistic Philosophy of the 19th Century; A Course of Systematic and Polemic Theology; The Christian Sabbath; Collected Discussions. Ran.

=Dabney, Virginius.= Va., 1835-1894. A staff officer in the Confederate service during the Civil War, who published Don Miff, a Symphony of Life; Gold That Did Not Glitter. Lip.

=Daboll= [da´bŏl], =Nathan.= 1750-1818. A once famous instructor of Connecticut. He prepared The Schoolmaster’s Assistant, long a standard text-book on arithmetic, and The Practical Navigator.

=Daboll, Nathan.= Ct., 1782-1863. Son of N. Daboll, supra. A probate judge of Connecticut. The author, with his son, of Daboll’s New Arithmetic, and compiler of the New England Almanac, begun by the father in 1773. The second of the name continued its preparation from 1818 to the year of his own death.

=Da Costa, Jacob Mandes.= W. I., 1833-1900. A Philadelphia physician connected with Jefferson Medical College since 1864, and a specialist in diseases of the throat and lungs. Epithelial Tumours and Cancers of the Skin; The Pathological Anatomy of Acute Pneumonia; The Physicians of the Last Century; Serous Apoplexy; Medical Diagnosis; Inhalation in Treatment of Diseases of the Respiratory Passages; Strain and Over-action of the Heart; Harvey and his Discovery. Lip.

=Dadd, George H.= E., c. 1813- ----. A veterinary surgeon who has published The Modern Horse Doctor; Manual of Veterinary Science; Anatomy and Physiology of the Horse; The American Cattle Doctor.

=Dagg, John Leadley.= Va., 1794-1884. A Baptist clergyman who retired from the ministry in 1833, and was president of Mercer University, Georgia, 1844-56. Manual of Theology; Elements of Moral Science; Evidences of Christianity; English Grammar. Bap.

=Dahlgren, John Adolph.= Pa., 1809-1870. A famous United States naval officer, made admiral in 1863, who invented the cannon bearing his name, and conducted the siege of Charleston during the Civil War. Thirty-Two Pounder Practice for Rangers; System of Boat Armament in the United States Navy; Naval Percussion Locks and Primers; Ordnance Memoranda; Shells and Shell Guns; Memoir of Ulric Dahlgren; Notes on Maritime International Law, edited by Charles Cowley, supra. See Memoir by Mrs. Dahlgren, infra.

=Dahlgren, Mrs. Madeleine [Vinton] [Goddard].= O., 1835-1898. Second wife of J. A. Dahlgren, supra, to whom she was married in 1865. A novelist of Washington. Idealities; Thoughts on Female Suffrage; South Sea Sketches; Etiquette of Social Life in Washington; Memoir of Admiral Dahlgren; South Mountain Magic, a Narrative; A Washington Winter, a Society Novel; The Lost Name; Divorced; Lights and Shadows of a Life. Lip.

=Dalcho, Frederick.= E., 1777-1836. An Episcopal clergyman of Charleston, rector of St. Michael’s Church there, 1819-36, but in earlier life successively a physician and journalist. The Evidence of the Divinity of Our Saviour. Historic Account of the Episcopal Church in South Carolina; Ahiman Rezon, a work for freemasons.

=Dale, James Wilkinson.= Del., 1812-1881. A clergyman of eastern Pennsylvania. The Cup and the Cross, or the Baptism of Calvary; Classic Baptism; Judaic Baptism; Johannic Baptism; Christic and Patristic Baptism.

=Dales, John Blakely.= N. Y., 1815-1893. A United Presbyterian clergyman of Philadelphia, whose principal writings include Roman Catholicism; Dangers and Duties of Young Men; The Gospel Minister.

=Dall, Mrs. Caroline Wells [Healey].= Ms., 1822- ----. Wife of C. H. A. Dall, infra. A Washington writer whose early efforts were mainly in the line of social reforms, while her later works were concerned with general literature. Essays and Sketches; Historical Pictures Retouched; Life of Dr. Marie Zakrzewski; Woman’s Rights under the Law; The Romance of the Association, or one Last Glimpse of Charlotte Temple and Eliza Wharton; What we Really Know about Shakespeare; Woman’s Place in History; Life of Dr. Anandabai Joshee; College, Market and Court; Woman’s Right to Labor; Essays on Confucius; Patty Gray’s Journey to the Cotton Islands; My First Holiday, or Letters from Colorado; Egypt’s Place in History, include her principal works. Le. Rob.

=Dall, Charles Henry Appleton.= Md., 1816-1886. A Unitarian missionary to Calcutta. The Temperance Movement in Modern Times; Theism, in Questions and Answers.

=Dall, William Healey.= Ms., 1845- ----. Son of C. H. and C. W. Dall, supra. A naturalist of distinction who has been connected with the United States Coast Survey and the Geological Survey. Alaska and its Resources (1870); Tribes of the Extreme Northwest; Scientific Results of the Exploration of Alaska; Coast Pilot of Alaska; Pacific Coast Pilot; Reports on the Mollusca of the Blake Expedition. Le.

=Dallas, Alexander James.= F., 1759-1817. A noted statesman who was secretary of state, 1796-1801, and secretary of the treasury under Madison. Features of Jay’s Treaty; Speeches on the Trial of Blount; Address to Constitutional Republicans; Causes and Character of the Late War (1815); Reports of Cases. =See Life and Writings of, by G. M. Dallas, infra.=

=Dallas, George Mifflin.= Pa., 1792-1864. Son of A. J. Dallas, supra. A statesman who was minister to Russia, 1837-39, vice-president of the United States, 1845-49, minister to England, 1856-61. Series of Letters from London; Eulogy on Andrew Jackson, as well as many single speeches and addresses. Lip.

=Dalton= [dawl´ton], =John Call.= Ms., 1825-1889. A physician of note who was a professor in various medical colleges. Observations on Trichina Spiralis; The Experimental Method in Medical Science; Doctrines of the Circulation; Topographical Anatomy of the Brain; History of the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York city; Treatise on Human Physiology; Treatise on Physiology and Hygiene.

=Daly, Charles Patrick.= N. Y., 1816-1899. A prominent jurist of New York City. Historical Sketch of the Judicial Tribunals of New York, 1823-46; Reports of Cases in Court of Common Pleas, City and County of New York; First Settlement of Jews in North America; What we Knew of Maps and Map Drawing before Mercator.

=Daly, John Augustin.= N. C., 1838-1899. A dramatist and theatrical manager of New York city who, besides adapting many plays from the German and the French, wrote Divorce; Pique; Horizon; Under the Gaslight, and other plays, as well as Peg Woffington, a Tribute to the Actress and the Woman.

=Damon, Howard Franklin.= Ms., 1833-1884. A hospital physician of Boston. Leucocythæmia; Neurosis of the Skin; General Remarks on the Frequency of Skin Diseases. Lip.

=Dana, Alexander Hamilton.= E., 1807-1887. A lawyer of New York State. Ethical and Physiological Inquiries; Inductive Inquiries in Physiology; Ethics and Ethnology; Enigmas of Life, Death, and the Future State.

=Dana, Charles Anderson.= N. H., 1819-1897. A distinguished journalist of New York City. He was assistant secretary of war 1863-65, and since 1868 the editor of The New York Sun. His political writing is noted for its bitter partisanship, but the literary quality of his work is admirable. With J. G. Wilson, infra, he prepared a Life of General Grant, and was co-editor with George Ripley, infra, of the American Cyclopædia. The Household Book of Poetry was edited by him. Ap.

=Dana, Charles Louis.= Vt., 1852- ----. A physician of note as a neurologist, who has published a Text-Book on Nervous Diseases.

=Dana, Edward Salisbury.= Ct., 1849- ----. Son of J. D. Dana, infra, assistant professor of natural philosophy at Yale University since 1879, and curator of the mineral cabinet in the Peabody Museum there. Since 1875 he has been one of the editors of Silliman’s Journal. Text-Book of Mineralogy; Text-Book of Elementary Mechanics; Appendix II. (1875) and Appendix III. (1883) of Dana’s System of Mineralogy. Wil.

=Dana, James.= Ms., 1735-1812. A once famous Congregational clergyman of New Haven, who wrote An Examination of Edwards on the Will.

=Dana, James Dwight.= N. Y., 1813-1895. A celebrated geologist, professor at Yale University from 1850. System of Mineralogy; Manual of Mineralogy; Text-Book of Geology; Corals and Coral Islands; The Geological Story Briefly Told. Am. Do. Wil.

=Dana, James Freeman.= N. H., 1793-1827. A chemist and physician, the first professor of chemistry at Dartmouth College. Epitome of Chemical Philosophy; Outlines of the Mineralogy and Geology of Boston and its Vicinity (with S. L. Dana, infra).

=Dana, Mrs. Katharine [Floyd].= L. I., 1835-1886. A writer of New York City. Our Phil and Other Stories. Hou.

=Dana, Mrs. Mary.= See Shindler, Mrs.

=Dana, Richard Henry.= Ms., 1787-1879. A poet and critic who was one of the founders of the North American Review in 1815. As a critic his Lectures on Shakespeare represent him fairly, and it must not be forgotten that he was one of the earliest in America to appreciate the genius of Wordsworth. The Idle Man, a publication begun in 1821 and extending to six numbers, includes his two novels, Tom Thornton; Paul Felton. His later publications include The Buccaneer, and Other Poems; Poems and Prose Writings. His verse is both imaginative and original, but at the same time unmelodious. See Atlantic Monthly, April, 1879; Harper’s Magazine, April, 1879; Lowell’s Fable for Critics; Bryant and his Friends.

=Dana, Richard Henry, Jr.= Ms., 1815-1882. Son of R. H. Dana, supra. A noted lawyer of Boston, best known in literature by the famous Two Years before the Mast, a narrative of personal adventure, which first appeared in 1840, and was reissued, enlarged, in 1869. His other works include The Seaman’s Friend, known in England as The Seaman’s Manual; Letters on Italian Unity; To Cuba and Back; Letters on the Somers Mutiny; Life of Major Vinton; Enemy Property and Enemy Territory. See Life by C. F. Adams, 1891.

=Dana, Samuel Luther.= N. H., 1795-1868. Brother of J. F. Dana, supra. A noted chemist of Lowell, who made many improvements in cotton-printing, and was one of the foremost agricultural writers of his time. Chemical Changes in the Manufacture of Sulphuric Acid; Muck Mineral for Manures; Essay on Manures. See American Journal of Science, May, 1868.

=Dana, William Coombs.= Ms., 1810-1873. A Presbyterian clergyman of Charleston. Hymns for Public Worship; A Transatlantic Tour; Life of Samuel Dana.

=Dana, Mrs. William Starr.= See Parsons, Mrs. Frances.

=Dandridge, Mrs. Danske [Bedinger].= Dk., 1858- ----. A verse-writer of Shepherdstown, West Virginia. Joy, and Other Poems.

=Dane, Nathan.= Ms., 1752-1835. A very prominent lawyer of Massachusetts, who founded the Dane professorship at the Harvard University Law School. He published an Abridgment and Digest of American Law [in nine volumes].

=Danenhower, John Wilson.= Il., 1849-1887. An Arctic explorer who was second in command of the De Long Expedition in 1879, and published The Narrative of the Jeannette, 1882.

=Danforth, John.= Ms., 1660-1730. Son of S. Danforth, infra. A once noted Congregational clergyman of Dorchester, Massachusetts, who published many single sermons and occasional poems.

=Danforth, Joshua Noble.= Ms., 1798-1861. A Congregational minister of Massachusetts and Virginia, who published Gleanings and Groupings from a Pastor’s Portfolio.

=Danforth, Samuel.= E., 1626-1674. A once famous Puritan clergyman of Roxbury, Massachusetts, 1650-74. An Astronomical Description of the Comet of 1664; An Election Sermon; The Cry of Sodom Inquired Into.

=Danforth, Samuel.= Ms., 1666-1727. Son of S. Danforth, supra. A Congregational clergyman of Taunton, Massachusetts, famous for his great learning and wide influence. Eulogy on Thomas Leonard; Essay Concerning the Singing of Psalms. The MS. of his Indian Dictionary is now the property of the Massachusetts Historical Society.

=Dangé, Henri.= See Hammond, Mrs.

=Daniel, John Moncure.= Va., 1825-1865. A once noted Virginia journalist who edited The Richmond Examiner, and was minister to Italy 1853-60. See Writings of, with Memoir by his brother, 1868.

=Daniel, John Warwick.= Va., 1842- ----. A prominent Virginia lawyer who was an adjutant-general in the Confederate army during the Civil War. Attachments under the Code of Virginia; Negotiable Instruments.

=Daniels, Mrs. Cora [Linn].= Ms., 1852- ----. A novelist of Franklin, Massachusetts. Sardia, a Story of Love; As It Is to Be. Ban. Le.

=Daniels, William Haven.= Ms., 1836- ----. A Methodist clergyman, prominent as an evangelist. D. L. Moody and his Work; That Boy, who Shall Have Him?; The Temperance Reform and its Great Reformers; Moody, his Words, Work, and Workers; Illustrated History of Methodism in the United States; Graduated with Honour; Memorials of Gilbert Haven; Short History of the People called Methodists. Meth.

=Dannelly, Mrs. Elizabeth Otis [Marshall].= Ga., 1838- ----. A Texas writer of verse. Cactus, or Thorns and Blossoms; Wayside Flowers.

=Da Ponte, Lorenzo.= Iy., 1749-1838. An Italian dramatist who furnished libretti for Mozart’s operas, Don Giovanni and Nozze di Figaro. He came to America in 1805, and after 1828 was professor of Italian in Columbia College. He published his own Life (1823); History of the Florentine Republic and the Medici (1833).

=Darby, John.= See Garretson.

=Darby, John.= Ms., 1804-1877. An educator who was connected with various colleges North and South. Manual of Botany; The Botany of the Southern States; Chemistry, are some of his publications.

=Darby, William.= Pa., 1755-1834. A geographer who published Geographical Dictionary of Louisiana; Plan of Pittsburg and Adjacent Country; Emigrant’s Guide to the Western Country; Tour from New York to Detroit (1819); Geography and History of Florida; View of the United States (1823); Lectures on the Discovery of America; Mnemonica, a Register of Events from the Earliest Period; Geographical Dictionary.

=Darden, Mrs. Fannie [Baker].= Al., 1829- ----. Romances of the Texas Revolution; Poems.

=Dargan, Clara Victoria.= See Maclean, Mrs.

=Darley, Felix Octavius Carr.= Pa., 1822-1888. A well-known artist and illustrator whose home was at Claymont, Delaware. His only writing is included in Sketches Abroad with Pen and Pencil.

=Darling, Mrs. Flora [Adams].= N. H., 1840- ----. A writer of fiction whose writings include Mrs. Darling’s Letters, or Memoirs of the Civil War; A Wayward Winning Woman; The Bourbon Lily; Was it a Just Verdict?; A Social Diplomat; From Two Points of View; The Senator’s Daughter.

=Darling, Henry.= Pa., 1823-1891. A Presbyterian clergyman who was president of Hamilton College, 1881-1891. The Close Walk; Slavery and the War; Conformity to the World; Not Doing but Receiving.

=Darling, Mary Greenleaf.= Pa., 1848- ----. Battles at Home; In the World; Gladys, a Romance. Le. Lo.

=Darling, William.= S., 1815-1884. A distinguished New York physician who published Anatomography, or Graphic Anatomy; Essentials of Anatomy (with A. L. Ranney).

=Darlington, William.= Pa., 1782-1863. A famous botanist of West Chester, Pennsylvania, in whose honour Darlingtonia, a genus of pitcher-plants, was named. Mutual Influence of Habits and Disease; Agricultural Botany; Flora Cestrica; Memorials of John Bartram, supra, and Humphrey Marshall.

=D’Arusmont, Madame Frances [Wright].= S., 1795-1852. A very energetic and versatile Scottish reformer who came several times to America, and finally settled in Cincinnati. Her attacks on social institutions aroused much hostility, her opposition to slavery making her the object of especial dislike. Popular Lectures on Free Inquiry; Biographical Notes and Political Letters of Fanny Wright D’Arusmont (1844); Altorf: a tragedy; Views of Society and Manners in America; A Few Days in Athens, include her principal works. See Gilbert’s The Pioneer Woman, 1855; Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 14.

=Daveiss, Mrs. Maria [Thompson].= Ky., 1814-1896. A Kentucky author who wrote much for agricultural journals, and published Roger Sherman, a Tale of ’76; Woman’s Love; History of Mercer and Boyle Counties, Kentucky; Cultivation and Uses of the Chinese Sugar Cane.

=Davenport, John.= E., 1597-1670. A famous Puritan divine who, before coming to America in 1637, was a celebrated London preacher. In 1638 he was one of the founders of New Haven, and in 1660 concealed the noted regicides, Goffe and Whalley, from their pursuers. In 1666 he became pastor of the First Church in Boston. Instructions to Elders of the English Church; Catechism containing the Chief Heads of the Christian Religion; Discourse about Civil Government in New England. See Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit; Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 14.

=David, Jean Baptist.= F., 1761-1841. A Roman Catholic bishop of Bardstown, Kentucky. Among his many works are Vindication of Catholic Doctrine concerning Images; Address to Brethren of Other Professions; On the Rule of Faith; True Piety.

=Davidson, Charles.= O., 1852- ----. An instructor of Belmont, California. The Phonology of the Stressed Vowels of Beowulf; Studies in the English Mystery Plays.

=Davidson, George.= E., 1825- ----. An astronomer of distinction, founder of the Davidson Observatory in San Francisco. The United States Coast Survey of the Pacific Coast; Coast Pilot of Alaska; Voyages of Discovery on the Northwest Coast of America, 1539-1603.

=Davidson, James Wood.= S. C., 1829- ----. An educator of South Carolina and elsewhere, whose Living Writers of the South is quite wanting in discrimination and critical ability. His other works include School History of South Carolina; The Correspondent; The Poetry of the Future; Florida of To-Day. Ap.

=Davidson, Lucretia Maria.= N. Y., 1808-1825. A precocious verse-writer now quite forgotten. Amir Khan and Other Poems was issued in 1829. See Memoir by S. F. B. Morse, and Life by C. M. Sedgwick, infra.

=Davidson, Margaret Miller.= N. Y., 1823-1838. Sister to L. M. Davidson, and, like her, a juvenile prodigy whose immature verses were extravagantly lauded by contemporary writers, but by no critics of a later day. See Memoir by Washington Irving.

=Davidson, Robert.= Md., 1750-1812. A Presbyterian clergyman who was president of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 1804-09. Epitome of Geography in Verse for Schools; The Christian’s A, B, C, or the 119th Psalm in Metre; New Metrical Version of the Psalms, with Notes.

=Davidson, Robert.= Pa., 1808-1876. Son of R. Davidson, supra. A Presbyterian minister in Kentucky and other States, among whose writings are Elijah, a Sacred Drama, and Other Poems; The Christ of God, or the Relation of Christ to Christianity.

=Davidson, Thomas.= S., 1840-1900. A writer on art and philosophy who came to the United States in 1866 and settled at Cambridge. The Parthenon Frieze and Other Essays; The Place of Art in Education; Giordano Bruno and the Relation of his Philosophy to Free Thought; Handbook of Dante, from the Italian of Scartazzini, with Notes and Additions; Prolegomena to Tennyson’s “In Memoriam;” Aristotle, and Ancient and Modern Educational Ideals; The Education of the Greek People and its Influence on Civilization. Ap. Gi. Hou.

=Davies, Charles.= Ct., 1798-1876. A noted professor of mathematics in Columbia College from 1857. Beside a notable series of mathematical text-books, from A Primary Table Book to Elementary Geometry and Trigonometry, he published also editions of Legendre’s Geometry and Bourdon’s Algebra. Other works by him comprise Practical Mathematics; Elements of Surveying; Analytical Geometry; Differential and Integral Calculus; Logic and Utility of Mathematics; The Metric System; Mathematical Dictionary (with W. G. Peck).

=Davies, Samuel.= Del., 1724-1761. A Presbyterian clergyman of great renown in his day as a preacher, and the fourth president of Princeton College. He wrote a number of hymns still in use, and his Sermons in 5 volumes appeared in London in 1767. See Sermons, 1851, with Memoir by Albert Barnes, supra.

=Davies, Thomas Alfred.= N. Y., 1809-1899. Brother of C. Davies, supra. A Federal officer in the Civil War. Cosmogony, or Mysteries of Creation; Adam and Ha-Adam; Genesis Disclosed; Answer to Hugh Miller and Theoretical Geologists; How to Make Money and how to Keep It.

=Davis, Andrew Jackson.= N. Y., 1826- ----. A noted spiritualist of Poughkeepsie, among whose many mystical rhapsodical writings the following may be considered the most important: The Great Harmonia; Harmonial Man; Present Age and Inner Life; Philosophy of Spiritual Intercourse; The Principles of Nature; The Penetralia; Genesis and Ethics of Conjugal Love; Autobiography, 1885. Ban.

=Davis, Andrew McFarland.= Ms., 1833- ----. Brother of H. Davis, infra. An antiquarian writer of Cambridge. Currency and Banking in the Province of the Massachusetts-Bay. Mac.

=Davis, Asahel.= Ms., 1791-18--. A Massachusetts antiquary who published Ancient America and Researches of the East (1847); History of New Amsterdam.

=Davis, Augusta Cordelia.= Me., 1836- ----. Poems from Yare.

=Davis, Mrs. Caroline E---- [Kelly].= N. H., 1831- ----. A prolific writer of Sunday-school tales. Among her fifty or more volumes are, No Cross, No Crown; Little Conqueror Series; Miss Wealthy’s Hope; That Boy. Lo.

=Davis, Charles Henry.= Ms., 1807-1877. Son of D. Davis, infra. A rear-admiral in the United States navy, and a noted hydrographer. Besides editing the American Nautical Almanac, he published Law of Deposit of Flood Tide; Geological Action of Tidal and Other Ocean Currents; and translated Gauss’s Theoria Motus Corporum Cœlestium. See Life, by C. H. Davis, infra, 1899.

=Davis, Charles Henry.= Ms., 1845- ----. Son of C. H. Davis, supra. A United States naval officer. Chronometer Rates as Affected by Temperature and Other Causes; Telegraphic Determination of Longitudes.

=Davis, Charles Henry Stanley.= Ct., 1840- ----. A physician of Meriden, Connecticut. History of Wallingford and Meriden; The Voice as a Musical Instrument; Education and Training of Feeble Minded Children; Index to Periodical Literature.

=Davis, Cushman Kellogg.= N. Y., 1838-1900. A prominent Minnesota lawyer and United States senator, who wrote The Law in Shakespeare.

=Davis, Daniel.= Ms., 1762-1835. A Massachusetts jurist who was solicitor-general of his State, 1800-32. Criminal Practice; Precedents of Indictments.

=Davis, Edwin Hamilton.= O., 1811-1888. An archæologist whose chief work is Monuments of the Mississippi.

=Davis, Emerson.= Ms., 1798-1866. A Congregational clergyman who was president of Williams College, 1861-68. Historical Sketch of Westfield, Massachusetts; The Teacher Taught; The First Half Century, or Events and Changes, 1800-50.

=Davis, George Thomas.= Ms., 1810-1877. A Massachusetts lawyer whose speeches in Congress were published in 1852.

=Davis, Henry Winter.= Md., 1817-1865. A Maryland statesman and lawyer, conspicuously loyal to the Union during the Civil War. The War of Ormuzd and Ahriman in the 19th Century (1853); Speeches and Addresses in Congress (1867). Har.

=Davis, Horace.= Ms., 1831- ----. Nephew of G. Bancroft, supra. A manufacturer of California. Dolor Davis, a Sketch of his Life; American Constitutions and the Relation of the Three Departments as adjusted by a Century; Shakespeare’s Sonnets, an Essay.

=Davis, Jefferson.= Ky., 1808-1889. President of the Confederate States. After the fall of the Confederacy, in 1865, he was confined as a prisoner of war in Fortress Monroe, and upon his release, in 1867, he lived in retirement in Mississippi. His history, which appeared in 1881, The Rise and Fall of the Confederate Government, is a valuable commentary on the Civil War as it appeared to one of the chief figures of the time, but it is as narrowly conceived as it is diffuse in statement and bitter in tone. See Lives, by Alfriend, 1868; E. A. Pollard, infra, 1869; Prison Life of, by Craven, 1866; Memoir by his Wife, 1890; London Times Biographies of Eminent Persons, 4th Series. Ap.

=Davis, John A. G.= Va., 1801-1840. A Virginia lawyer, professor of law in the University of Virginia, 1830-40. Estates Tail, Executive Devises, and Contingent Remainders under Virginia Statutes; Treatise on Criminal Law.

=Davis, John Chandler Bancroft.= Ms., 1822- ----. Brother of H. Davis, supra. A diplomatist who was agent for the United States before the Geneva court of arbitration on the Alabama claims, and afterwards, 1873-77, minister to Germany. The Massachusetts Justice; The Case of the United States before the Tribunal of Arbitration at Geneva; Treaties of the United States, with Notes; United States Supreme Court Reports; Mr. Fish and the Alabama Claims. Hou.

=Davis, John Woodbridge.= N. Y., 1854-1902. Son of E. H. Davis, supra. A civil engineer who, besides contributing much to engineering journals, published Formulæ for the Calculation of Railroad Earth Work and Average Haul (1876), which speedily came into use as a text-book.

=Davis, Lemuel Clarke.= Md., 1835- ----. A Philadelphia journalist, editor of The Inquirer, and author of The Stranded Ship, a Story of Sea and Shore.

=Davis, Mrs. Mary Evelyn [Moore].= Al., 1852- ----. A prominent writer of New Orleans, on the editorial staff of the Picayune. Minding the Gap, and Other Poems; In War Times at La Rose Blanche, sketches for young people; Under the Man-Fig, a novel; An Elephant’s Track and Other Stories; The Wire-Cutters. Har. Hou. Lo.

=Davis, Matthew L.= N. Y., 1766-1850. A Washington journalist who published a Life of Aaron Burr.

=Davis, Nathan Smith.= N. Y., 1817-1904. A Chicago physician, dean of the Northwestern University, whose principal writings include Lectures on Various Important Diseases; Principles and Practice of Medicine; Verdict of Science concerning the Effects of Alcohol on Man; Medical Education and Reform.

=Davis, Noah Knowles.= Pa., 1838- ----. A professor of moral science in the University of Virginia since 1873. The Theory of Thought, a Treatise on Deductive Logic; the Elements of Inductive Logic; the Elements of Deductive Logic. Har.

=Davis, Peter Seibert.= Md., 1828-1892. A German Reformed divine who wrote The Young Parson.

=Davis, Mrs. Rebecca Blaine [Harding].= Pa., 1831- ----. Wife of L. C. Davis, supra. A novelist whose first story, Life in the Iron Mills, a powerful but sombre study of labouring-class life, attracted great attention in the earlier pages of The Atlantic Monthly. Her later works in fiction include Margret Howth; Waiting for the Verdict; Dallas Galbraith; A Law unto Herself; Kitty’s Choice; John Andross; Doctor Warrick’s Daughters; Silhouettes of American Life; Kent Hampden, a Story of a Boy; Natasqua; The Faded Leaf of History; Frances Waldeaux. Har. Lip. Scr.

=Davis, Reuben.= Tn., 1813-1890. A Mississippi lawyer and a general in the Confederate service, who was the author of Recollections of Mississippi and the Mississippians. Hou.

=Davis, Richard Bingham.= N. Y., 1771-1799. A verse-writer of New York city. See Poems, with Memoir edited by John T. Irving, 1807.

=Davis, Richard Harding.= Pa., 1864- ----. Son of L. C. and R. H. Davis, supra. A popular New York writer whose first book, Gallegher and Other Stories, brought him very suddenly into notice in 1890. His work is always characterized by dash and spirit, but exhibits some defects of style, and touches scarcely more than the superficial side of life. Van Bibber and Others; The Princess Aline; The Exiles; The West from a Car Window; Our English Cousins; About Paris; The Rulers of the Mediterranean; Three Gringos in Venezuela; Stories for Boys. Har. Scr.

=Davis, Varina Anne Jefferson.= Va., 1864-1898. Daughter of Jefferson Davis, supra. An Irish Knight of the 19th Century, a Sketch of Robert Emmet; The Veiled Doctor. Har.

=Davis, William Bramwell.= O., 1832- ----. A physician and surgeon of Cincinnati. Report on Vaccination; Consumption and Life Insurance; Revaccination; Intestinal Obstruction; Progress of Therapeutics; The Alcohol Question.

=Davis, William Morris.= Pa., 1850- ----. A professor of physical geography in Harvard University since 1890. Nimrod of the Sea, or the American Whaleman; Whirlwinds, Cyclones, and Tornadoes; Elementary Meteorology. Gi. Har. Le.

=Davis, William Watts Hart.= Pa., 1820- ----. El Gringo, or New Mexico and her People; History of the 104th Pennsylvania Regiment; The Spanish Conquest of New Mexico; History of the Doylestown Guards. Har.

=Dawes, Anna Laurens.= Ms., 1851- ----. A daughter of Senator Dawes of Massachusetts, who has written much for journals and periodicals. How we are Governed; The Modern Jew, his Present and Future; Biography of Charles Sumner. Do. Gi.

=Dawes, Rufus.= Ms., 1803-1859. A witty jurist of Massachusetts, who won notice both as orator and poet. The Valley of the Nashaway, and Other Poems; Athena of Damascus, a tragedy; Nix’s Mate, an Historical Romance; Miscellaneous Poems.

=Dawson, George.= S., 1813-1883. A once influential Albany journalist, editor of the Evening Journal, 1846-77, and author of The Pleasures of Angling.

=Dawson, Henry Barton.= E., 1821-1889. An historical writer of New York city, editor of the Historical Magazine, 1866-77, and editor of The Federalist, reprinted from the original text. Battles of the United States by Sea and Land; Current Fictions tested by Uncurrent Facts; Rutgers against Waddington; Westchester County in the Revolution. Scr.

=Day, Henry.= Ms., 1820-1893. A lawyer of New York city. The Lawyer Abroad; From the Pyrenees to the Pillars of Hercules, a volume of Spanish travels.

=Day, Henry Noble.= Ct., 1808-1890. Nephew of J. Day, 2d. A Congregational clergyman, for many years a Western railway president, and president of Ohio Female College, 1858-64. The Art of Rhetoric, reprinted as Art of Discourse; Elements of Logic; Science of Æsthetics; The Art of Elocution; Rhetorical Praxis; Logical Praxis; Science of Thought; Elements of Mental Science; The Logic of Sir William Hamilton; Introduction to the Study of English Literature, include the greater number of his writings. Scr.

=Day, Jeremiah.= Ct., 1738-1806. A Congregational clergyman of Connecticut, whose Sermons Collected were issued in 1797.

=Day, Jeremiah.= Ct., 1773-1867. Son of J. Day, supra. A noted mathematician who was president of Yale College, 1817-46. Introduction to Algebra; Mensuration of Superficies and Solids; Examination of Edwards’s Freedom of the Will; Plane Trigonometry; Navigation and Surveying; Inquiry Respecting the Self-Determining Power of the Will and Contingent Volition.

=Day, Richard Edwin.= N. Y., 1852- ----. A journalist of Syracuse. Lines in the Sand; Thor, a Drama; Lyrics and Satires; Poems.

=Dayton, Amos Cooper.= N. J., 1813-1865. A Baptist clergyman and physician of Tennessee, whose novel Theodosia, or the Heroine of Faith, was very popular. His other works comprise The Infidel’s Daughter, a novel; Baptist Facts and Methodist Fiction; Baptist Question Book; Children brought to Christ; Pedobaptist and Campbellite Immersion.

=Dean, Amos.= Vt., 1803-1868. A jurist of Albany. Lectures on Phrenology; Manual of Law; Philosophy of Human Life; Medical Jurisprudence; Bryant and Stratton’s Commercial Law; History of Civilization.

=Dean, John.= Ms., 1831-1888. A physician who published Microscopic Anatomy of the Lumbar Enlargement of the Spinal Cord; Gray Substance of the Medulla Oblongata.

=Dean, John Ward.= Me., 1815-1902. A noted antiquarian of Boston, editor of the New England Historical and Genealogical Register, and one of the founders of the Prince Society. Memoir of Nathaniel Ward, infra; Memoir of Michael Wigglesworth, infra; Life of John H. Sheppard; Life of William Blanchard Towne; Brief Memoir of Giles Firmin; The Embarkation of Cromwell for New England.

=Dean, Paul.= Vt., 1789-1860. A Unitarian clergyman, pastor in Boston, 1813-40, who was author of Lectures on Final Restoration.

=Deane, Charles.= Me., 1813-1889. An antiquarian writer of Cambridge, who published Some Notices of Samuell Gorton, with Memoir; First Plymouth Patent; and edited Bradford’s History of Plymouth Plantation; John Smith’s True Relation of Virginia, and other specimens of early American literature.

=Deane, Margery.= See Pitman, Mrs.

=Deane, Samuel.= Ms., 1784-1834. A Baptist clergyman of Scituate, Massachusetts. The Populous Village, a poem; History of Scituate.

=Deane, Silas.= Ct., 1737-1789. A diplomatist who, with Franklin and Lee, negotiated a treaty of peace and amity between France and the United States. He was subjected to much misrepresentation, and died abroad in poverty and exile. Letters to Robert Morgan; Paris Papers, or Mr. Silas Deane’s late Intercepted Letters to his Brother and Other Friends.

=Deane, William Reed.= Ms., 1809-1879. An antiquary of Mansfield, Massachusetts, who published genealogies of the families of Deane, Leonard, and Watson.

=Dearborn, Henry Alexander Scammell.= N. H., 1783-1851. A lawyer and public-spirited citizen of Boston, a son of Commodore Dearborn. Commerce of the Black Sea; Biography of Commodore Bainbridge; History of Navigation and Naval Architecture.

=De Bow, James Dunwoody Brownson.= S. C., 1820-1867. A noted statistician of New Orleans, who founded De Bow’s Review. Industrial Resources of the South and West; Statistical View of the United States; The Southern States, their Agriculture, Commerce, etc. (1850).

=De Charms, Richard.= Pa., 1796-1864. A Swedenborgian divine of Baltimore and New York city. Freedom and Slavery in the Light of the New Jerusalem; The New Churchman Extra; Lectures at Charlestown.

=De Costa, Benjamin Franklin.= Ms., 1831-1904. A prominent Episcopal clergyman of New York city, well known as an historical writer. The Pre-Columbian Discovery of America, illustrated by translations from the Icelandic Sagas; The Northmen in Maine; The Moabite Stone; Verrazano, the Explorer; The Rector of Roxburgh, a novel; and a number of historical monographs. See Bibliography of Maine.

=Deems, Charles Force.= Md., 1820-1893. A Methodist clergyman, prominent for many years in New York city as pastor of the Church of the Strangers. Triumphs of Peace, and Other Poems; Home Altar; Twelve College Sermons; Life of Dr. Adam Clarke; Devotional Melodies; Weights and Wings; The Light of the Nations; The Gospel of Common Sense as Contained in the Epistle of James; The Gospel of Spiritual Insight; A Scotch Verdict in re-Evolution; My Septuagint, comprise the larger number of his writings. Cas. Fu.

=Deering, Nathaniel.= Me., 1791-1881. A writer of Portland, Maine, whose work enjoyed a local fame. Carabasset, a tragedy; The Clairvoyants, a comedy performed both in Portland and Boston; Bozzaris, a tragedy. See Biographical Encyclopedia of Maine.

=De Forest, John William.= Ct., 1826- ----. A novelist of New Haven who was a Federal officer in the Civil War. His stories are skillfully constructed, and the characterization is strong, but they have hardly won the reputation that, as a whole, they deserve. History of the Indians of Connecticut to 1850; Oriental Acquaintances, or Travels in Asia Minor; European Acquaintances; Witching Times; The Lauson Tragedy; Seacliff, Miss Ravenel’s Conversion from Secession to Loyalty; Overland; Kate Beaumont; Honest John Vane; The Bloody Chasm; The Wetherel Affair; Justine Vane; Irene Vane; Irene the Missionary; Playing the Mischief. Ap. Har.

=De Hart, William Chetwood.= N. Y., 1800-1848. An officer in the United States army who published Observations on Military Law and Constitution and Practice of Courts Martial.

=Dehon, Theodore.= Ms., 1776-1817. The second Protestant Episcopal bishop of South Carolina. A once popular preacher. Ninety Sermons on the Public Means of Grace.

=De Kay, Charles.= D. C., 1849- ----. Grandson of J. R. Drake, infra. A New York journalist and poet, literary editor of The Times since 1877. Hesperus; Vision of Nimrod; Vision of Esther; Love Poems of Louis Barnaval; The Bohemians, a Tragedy of Modern Life; Barye, his Life and Works. Ap.

=De Kay, James Ellsworth.= Pl., 1792-1851. A physician and naturalist of Oyster Bay, Long Island. Sketches of Turkey; Natural History of New York.

=De Koven, James.= Ct., 1831-1879. An Episcopal clergyman of Wisconsin, very prominent at one time as a leader of ritualistic thought, whose views more than once prevented his elevation to the episcopate. Sermons Preached on Various Occasions was issued after his death. Ap.

=De Kroyft, Mrs. Susan Helen [Aldrich].= N. Y., 1818- ----. A writer living in Dansville, New York, who became blind soon after her marriage in 1845, her husband having died on their wedding day. A Place in thy Memory, a very popular collection of letters; Darwin and Moses, a lecture; Little Jakey, a story.

=Delafield, Francis.= N. Y., 1841- ----. A physician and surgeon of New York city, who was the first president of the Association of American Physicians and Pathologists. Handbook of Post Mortem Examinations and Morbid Anatomy; Studies in Pathological Anatomy; Handbook of Pathological Anatomy.

=De Lancey, Edward Floyd.= N. Y., 1821- ----. A lawyer and historical writer of New York city. Memoir of James De Lancey; The Capture of Fort Washington the Result of Treason; Memoir of James W. Beekman; Memoir of William Allen, Chief Justice of Pennsylvania; Origin and History of Manors in the Province of New York; History of Mamaroneck, New York.

=Deland, Ellen Douglas.= N. Y., 1860- ----. A popular writer of stories for young people. Oakleigh; In the Old Herrick House; Malvern, a Neighbourhood Story. Har. We.

=Deland, Mrs. Margaret Wade [Campbell].= Pa., 1857- ----. A novelist and poet of Boston who became suddenly famous on the publication of John Ward, Preacher, a story upon lines similar to Mrs. Ward’s “Robert Elsmere.” Other works by her include The Old Garden and Other Verses; Sydney; The Story of a Child; Mr. Tommy Dove and Other Stories; Philip and his Wife; Florida Days, a volume of travels. Hou. Lit.

=Delano, Amasa.= Ms., 1763-1817. A once noted Massachusetts sea captain who was an extensive traveller, and published Narrative of Voyages and Travels.

=Delavan, Edward Cornelius.= N. Y., 1793-1871. A retired wine merchant of Schenectady, conspicuous as a temperance reformer. Adulterations of Liquors; Temperance in Wine Countries.

=De Leon, Edwin.= S. C., 1828-1891. A Washington journalist who was European diplomatic agent of the Confederacy during the Civil War period. Thirty Years of my Life on Three Continents; The Khedive’s Egypt; Askaros Kassis, the Copt, a novel; Under the Star and Under the Crescent. Lip.

=Del Mar, Alexander.= N. Y., 1836- ----. A New York writer on political economy. Gold Money and Paper Money; Essays on Political Economy; The Great Paper Bubble; What is Free Trade?; Resources, Productions, and Social Condition of Egypt; Why Should the Chinese Go?; History of the Precious Metals; History of Money in China; History of Money in Various Countries; The Science of Money; Money and Civilization; Statistical Handbook; The National Banking System; The Worship of Augustus Caesar.

=De Long, George Washington.= N. Y., 1844-1881. An Arctic explorer who was a lieutenant-commander in the United States navy. The Voyage of the Jeannette, including his journals of his latest expedition, edited by his wife, appeared in 1884.

=Demarest, David D.= N. J., 1819-1898. A Dutch Reformed clergyman, professor in the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick, New Jersey. History and Characteristics of the Reformed Protestant Dutch Church; Practical Catechetics; The Huguenots on the Hackensack.

=Demarest, John Terhune.= N. J., 1813-1897. A Dutch Reformed clergyman. Exposition of the Efficient Cause of Regeneration; Exposition of the First Epistle of Peter; Commentary on Second Epistle of Peter; Commentary on the Catholic Epistles; Christocracy (with W. R. Gordon).

=Demarest, Mrs. Mary Augusta [Lee].= N. Y., 1838-1888. A writer of popular, unpretentious verse, who published My Ain Countree and Other Poems.

=Deming, Henry Champion.= Ct., 1815-1872. A prominent lawyer of Hartford who published translations of the novels of Eugène Sue and a Life of General Grant.

=Deming, Philander.= N. Y., 1829- ----. A stenographic court reporter of Albany until 1882, whose sketches are characterized by much originality. Adirondack Stories; Tompkins and Other Folks. Hou.

=Dempster, John.= Fl., 1794-1863. A noted Methodist preacher and educator, and one of the founders of the theological school of Boston University. Lectures and Addresses was issued in 1864. Meth.

=Denio= [de-ni´o], =Hiram.= N. Y., 1799-1871. A Utica jurist who published Reports of Cases in the Supreme Court, and the Court for Correction of Errors.

=Denison, Charles Wheeler.= Ct., 1809-1881. A clergyman who as a young man was editor of The Emancipator, an anti-slavery journal of New York. During the Civil War he served as chaplain in the Federal army. The American Village and Other Poems; Paul St. Clair, a temperance tale; Antonio, the Italian Boy; The Child Hunters, an exposure of the padrone system; Life of General Grant; Out at Sea, a volume of verse; Sunshine Castle, a tale. The Tanner Boy; The Bobbin Boy; Winfield, the Lawyer’s Son, form a series of biographies of noted men for juvenile reading.

=Denison, Daniel.= E., 1613-1682. A famous colonial soldier of Massachusetts. Irenicon, or Salve for New England’s Sore.

=Denison, Frederic.= Ct., 1819-1901. A Baptist divine of Rhode Island. The Supper Institution; The Sabbath Institution; History of the First Rhode Island Cavalry; Westerly and its Witnesses, 1626-1876; Picturesque Narragansett; Picturesque Rhode Island, are his principal writings.

=Denison, John Henry.= Ms., 1841- ----. A Congregational clergyman retired from active service, but at one time college pastor at Williamstown, Massachusetts. Christ’s Idea of the Supernatural. Hou.

=Denison, John Ledyard.= Ct., 1826- ----. Brother of F. Denison, supra. A publisher of Norwich, Connecticut. Picturesque History of the Wars of the United States; Illustrated History of the New World.

=Denison, Mrs. Mary [Andrews].= Ms., 1826- ----. Wife of C. W. Denison, supra. A prolific author of tales, mainly of home life, some of them to be classed as Sunday-school literature, while others are of a more ambitious character. Among them are Opposite the Jail; That Husband of Mine, which was issued anonymously and enjoyed an extraordinary popularity for a short time; That Wife of Mine; Rothmell; His Triumph; Old Slip Warehouse; Home Pictures; Like a Gentleman; If She Will, She Will. Har. Le. Lip.

=Dennie, Joseph.= Ms., 1768-1812. A journalist and essayist of Philadelphia, whose reputation in his day vastly exceeded his deserts. The Lay Preacher, or Short Sermons for Idle Readers, is his only literary legacy. See A. H. Smyth’s Philadelphia Magazines, 1892.

=Denton, Franklin Evert.= O., 1859- ----. A journalist of Cleveland who published in 1883 The Early Poems of Franklin Denton.

=Depew, Chauncey Mitchell.= N. Y., 1834- ----. A very prominent lawyer and railway president of New York city, of wide fame as a ready after-dinner speaker. He has published Orations and After-Dinner Speeches; Later Speeches. Cas.

=De Peyster, John Watts.= N. Y., 1821- ----. An historical writer of New York city, and a general of the State militia. Life of Torstenson; The Dutch at the North Pole and the Dutch in Maine; Decisive Conflicts of the Late Civil War; Personal and Military History of General Kearney; Life of Sir John Johnston; Mary, Queen of Scots, a Study; The Character of Mary and a Justification of Bothwell; Bothwell, a drama; The Thirty Years’ War; Before, At, and After Gettysburg; Life of Baron Cohorn; Caurausius, the Dutch Augustus; The Real Napoleon Bonaparte.

=De Puy, Henry Walter.= N. Y., 1820- ----. A lawyer and journalist. Kossuth and his Generals; Louis Napoleon and his Times; Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys of ’76.

=De Puy, William Harrison.= N. Y., 1821-1901. A Methodist clergyman of western New York. Threescore Years and Beyond; Statistics of the Methodist Episcopal Church; Home and Health; Home Economics, a very popular book. Meth.

=Derby, Elias Hasket.= Ms., 1803-1880. A noted railway attorney of Boston. Two Months Abroad; Catholic Letters; The Overland Route to the Pacific; Position and Prospects of the United States with Respect to Finance, Commerce, and Prosperity.

=Derby, George.= Ms., 1819-1874. Cousin of E. H. Derby, supra. A physician of Boston, prominent as a sanitarian, who published Anthracite and Health.

=Derby, George Horatio.= “John Phœnix.” Ms., 1823-1861. Son of J. B. Derby, infra. A topographical engineer in the United States army who was a popular humourist in his day. Phœnixiana; Squibob Papers.

=Derby, James Cephas.= N. Y., 1818-1892. A noted publisher of New York and San Francisco, and author of Fifty Years Among Authors, Books, and Publishers.

=Derby, John Barton.= Ms., 1792-1867. Half-brother of G. Derby, supra. A verse-writer whose later years were spent in Boston. Musings of a Recluse; The Sea; The Village.

=De Saussure, Henry William.= S. C., 1763-1839. A jurist of South Carolina, who was director of the United States Mint in 1794, and published Reports of the Courts of Chancery and Equity in South Carolina from the Revolution to 1813.

=Deshon, George.= Ct., 1823-1903. A Roman Catholic priest of the Paulist order, whose Guide for Young Catholic Women has had a very extended circulation.

=De Smet, Peter John.= Bm., 1801-1872. A noted Roman Catholic missionary to the Indians, who came to the United States in 1821. His writings, originally published in French, include The Oregon Missions and Travels over the Rocky Mountains; Indian Letters and Sketches; Western Missions and Missionaries; New Indian Sketches.

=De Trobriand= [trō-brĕe-ăan´], =Philip Regis.= F., 1816-1897. A military writer who came to the United States in 1841, entered the army, and, after serving through the Civil War, retired from active service in 1879, and resided in New Orleans. Les Gentilshommes de l’Ouest, a novel; Quatre ans de Campagnes à armée du Potomac.

=De Vere, Mary Ainge=, “Madeline Bridges.” N. Y., 18-- - ----. A writer of Brooklyn, Long Island. Love Songs and Other Poems; Poems.

=De Vere, Maximilian Schele.= Sn., 1820-1898. A philologist of note who came from Sweden to the United States in 1843, and after 1844 was a professor in the University of Virginia. Outlines of Comparative Philology; Studies in English; Americanisms; Wonders of the Deep; Grammar of the Spanish Language; Stray Leaves from the Book of Nature; Romance of American History, include the most important of his works. Lip. Put. Scr.

=Devereux, Thomas Pollock.= N. C., 1793-1869. A North Carolina lawyer who published Reports of North Carolina Supreme Court, 1826-34; Reports in the Superior Court, 1834-40; Equity Reports, 1826-40.

=De Vinne, Daniel.= I., 1793-1883. A Methodist clergyman of New York city. The Methodist Episcopal Church and Slavery; Recollections of Fifty Years in the Ministry; Irish Primitive Church.

=De Vinne, Theodore Low.= Ct., 1828- ----. Son of D. De Vinne, supra. A noted printer of New York city. Printer’s Price List; Invention of Printing; Historic Types.

=Dew, Thomas Roderick.= Va., 1802-1846. An educator of Virginia, president of William and Mary College, 1836-46. A Digest of the History and Laws of Ancient and Modern Nations is his chief work. Other writings of his include The Policy of the Government; Lectures on History; Usury; Essay in Favour of Slavery, which had a great influence in turning popular sentiment against emancipation. Ap.

=De Walden, Thomas Blaides.= E., 1811-1873. A New York actor of some note as an author and adapter of many plays, among which are The Upper Ten and the Lower Twenty; Kit; The Jesuit.

=Dewees, William Potts.= Pa., 1768-1841. A once popular physician of Philadelphia, professor of obstetrics in the University of Pennsylvania. His literary style was bad, yet his writings were widely circulated in the profession and highly valued. Medical Essays; Physical and Medical Treatment of Children; System of Midwifery; Practice of Medicine. See Gross’s Sketches of Contemporaries.

=Dewey, Chester.= Ms., 1783-1867. A botanist who as an educator was connected with various colleges, and lastly with the University of Rochester. Besides a History of Herbaceous Plants of Massachusetts, he wrote an elaborate monograph on the Carices of North America, the result of many years’ labour.

=Dewey, Melvil.= N. Y., 1851- ----. The librarian of Columbia College and director of the New York State library. Library School Rules; The Decimal Classification and Relation Index.

=Dewey, Orville.= Ms., 1794-1882. A Unitarian clergyman of conservative opinions, once prominent as a pastor in New York and Boston. Unitarian Belief; Discourses on Human Life; The Old World and the New; Letters on Revivals; Problems of Human Life and Destiny; Education of the Human Race, comprise his principal writings. See Autobiography and Letters, 1883. A. U. A.

=De Witt, Benjamin.= 1774-1819. A New York physician and scientist who published Oxygen; Minerals in New York.

=De Witt, John.= N. Y., 1821- ----. A Reformed Dutch clergyman, professor in the Theological Seminary at New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1863-92. The Sure Foundation and how to Build on It; The Psalms, a New Translation (1891); What is Inspiration? Rev.

=De Witt, John.= Pa., 1842- ----. A Presbyterian clergyman, professor at Princeton Theological Seminary since 1892, and the author of Sermons on the Christian Life.

=De Witt, Simeon.= N. Y., 1756-1834. A once famous surveyor who is commonly held responsible for the classical nomenclature of places in central and western New York. He published Elements of Perspective.

=Dexter, Henry Martyn.= Ms., 1821-1890. A Congregational clergyman of prominence in Boston as editor of The Congregationalist, 1867-90. He was a positive, dogmatic writer, much addicted to historical and religious controversy. His most important work is The Congregationalism of the Last Three Hundred Years. Handbook of Congregationalism; Pilgrim Memoranda; The Verdict of Reason; As to Roger Williams and his Banishment, a marked example of special pleading; History of the Old Plymouth Colony; History and the Study of History; The Right Use of Books; The Study of Politics, include the greater number of his other works. C. P. S. Har.

=Dexter, Samuel.= Ms., 1761-1816. A jurist of Boston who was secretary of war under President John Adams. Letters on Free Masonry; Progress of Science, a poem; Speeches and Political Papers.

=Diaz, Mrs. Abby [Morton].= Ms., 1821-1904. A Boston writer who in youth was one of the famous company at Brook Farm, and was afterward prominent in relation to social reforms. Her books for juvenile readers, which are characterized by a strong vein of humour, include The William Henry Letters; William Henry and his Friends; Chronicles of the Stimpcett Family; The Cats’ Arabian Nights; The John Spicer Lectures; Lucy Maria; Polly Cologne; Jimmyjohns; A Story-book for Children. Other works are Bybury to Beacon Street, a discussion of social topics; Domestic Problems; Only a Flock of Women. Lo.

=Dibble, Sheldon.= N. Y., 1809-1845. A missionary to the Sandwich Islands who published History of the Sandwich Island Missions.

=Dickenson, Baxter.= Ms., 1795-1875. A Congregational clergyman of Boston, author of Letters to Students.

=Dickinson, Anna Elizabeth.= Pa., 1842- ----. A once famous lecturer on politics and woman-suffrage who, after a short and unsuccessful career as an actress, has since lived in retirement. A Paying Investment, a Plea for Education; A Ragged Register of People, Places, and Opinions; What Answer? a novel; and two plays, Mary Tudor; The Crown of Thorns. Har. Hou.

=Dickinson, Charles Monroe.= N. Y., 1842- ----. A journalist of Binghamton, New York, who published The Children, and Other Verses.

=Dickinson, Daniel Stevens.= Ct., 1800-1866. A Democratic politician, long prominent in the State of New York. Speeches and Correspondence, with a biography of him by his brother, appeared in 1867.

=Dickinson, Emily.= Ms., 1830-1886. A poet whose entire life was passed in Amherst, Massachusetts, in great seclusion, and who rarely published any of her work. Since her death attention has been drawn to the strikingly original nature of her poetry by the publication of three volumes of Poems, selected from her manuscripts. They display an utter disregard of technique as well as an almost startling originality of conception. See Letters of, 1847-1886, edited by Mrs. Todd. Rob.

=Dickinson, John.= Md., 1732-1808. A political writer of great influence during the period of the Revolution. Dickinson College, which he helped to found, was named in his honour. He wrote vigorously against the Stamp Act, and his various state papers display both eloquence and dignity. Petition to the King; Second Petition to the King; Letters from a Pennsylvania Farmer; Letters of Fabius.

=Dickinson, Jonathan.= E., 16-- -1722. A chief justice of Pennsylvania who came to the colony in 1696. His book, entitled God’s Protecting Providence Man’s Surest Help in Times of Danger, is a narrative of personal adventure, and has been several times reprinted since its first appearance in 1699.

=Dickinson, Jonathan.= Ms., 1688-1747. A Presbyterian clergyman of Elizabethtown, New Jersey, who was one of the chief American theologians of his day, and the first president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton College). He was a voluminous writer, and much given to controversy of a theological nature. Among his many works are included Familiar Letters upon Important Subjects in Religion; Reasonableness of Christianity; True Scripture Doctrine. See Tyler’s American Literature.

=Dickinson, Richard William.= N. Y., 1804-1874. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York city. Scenes from Sacred History; Responses from the Sacred Oracles; Religious Teaching by Example; Life and Times of John Howard; The Resurrection of Christ Historically and Logically Viewed.

=Dickinson, Rodolphus.= Ms., 1787-1863. An Episcopal clergyman in Deerfield, Massachusetts, who published a much criticised New and Corrected Version of the New Testament; Geographical and Statistical View of Massachusetts.

=Dickson, Andrew Flinn.= S. C., 1825-1879. A Presbyterian clergyman of Alabama. Plantation Sermons; The Temptation in the Desert; The Light, is it Waning?

=Dickson, John.= N. H., 1783-1852. A New York congressman, early prominent in opposition to slavery. Remarks on the Presentation of Petitions for the Abolition of Slavery in the District of Columbia.

=Dickson, Samuel Henry.= S. C., 1798-1872. A physician of eminence in Charleston, and afterwards in Philadelphia, where from 1858 to 1872 he was a professor in the Jefferson Medical College. He wrote much on medical and other topics, his literary style being greatly admired. Essays on Life, Sleep, Pain, and Death; On the Correlation of Forces; Æsthetics of Suicide; Elements of Medicine; Dengue, its History, Pathology, and Treatment; Manual of Pathology; Practice of Medicine; Essays on Pathology and Therapeutics; Studies in Pathology and Therapeutics. See Allibone’s Dictionary; Gross’s Sketches of Contemporaries.

=Didier= [dy´deer], =Eugene Lemoine.= Md., 1838- ----. Son of F. J. Didier, infra. A Baltimore littérateur whose style as a critic is somewhat aggressive. Life of Poe; Life and Letters of Madame Bonaparte; Primer of Criticism; The Political Adventures of James G. Blaine (1884). Scr.

=Didier, Franklin James.= Md., 1794-1840. A Baltimore physician who was the author of Didier’s Letters from Paris; Franklin’s Letters to his Kinsfolk.

=Dillaye, Stephen Devalson.= N. Y., 1820-1884. The Money and Finances of the French Revolution of 1789.

=Dillon, John Forrest.= N. Y., 1831- ----. A noted jurist of Iowa, and, since 1879, of New York city. United States Circuit Court Reports; Municipal Corporations; Removal of Causes from State to Federal Courts; Municipal Bonds; Laws and Jurisprudence of England and America. Lit.

=Diman, Jeremiah Lewis.= R. I., 1831-1881. A Congregational clergyman who was professor of history and political economy in Brown University from 1864. Orations and Essays; The Theistic Argument as Affected by Recent Theories. See Memoirs by Caroline Hazard, infra. Hou.

=Dimitry, Charles Patton.= D. C., 1837- ----. A novelist and journalist of New Orleans. Guilty or not Guilty; Angela’s Christmas; The Alderly Tragedy; The House in Balfour Street.

=Dimitry, John Bull Smith.= D. C., 1835-1901. Brother of C. P. Dimitry, supra. A journalist of New York city. History and Geography of Louisiana from its Earliest Settlement to the Close of the Civil War.

=Dimmock, George.= Ms., 1852- ----. A naturalist of Cambridge, at one time editor of Psyche, a journal of entomology. Anatomy of Mouth Parts of Some Insects of the Order of Diptera.

=Dinnies, Mrs. Anna Peyre [Shackelford].= S. C., 1816-1886. A verse-writer of New Orleans who published The Floral Year, a collection of one hundred poems.

=Dinsmore, Robert.= N. H., 1757-1836. A homely verse-writer of Windham, New Hampshire, who was known as “The Rustic Bard,” and published Incidental Poems, strongly imitative of Burns. See Whittier’s Old Portraits and Modern Sketches.

=Dirck, Cornelius Lansing.= N. Y., 1785-1857. A Presbyterian clergyman for many years connected with Auburn Theological Seminary, who published Sermons on Important Subjects.

=Disosway, Gabriel Poillon.= N. Y., 1798-1868. An antiquary of New York city. The Children’s Book of Sermons; The Earliest Churches of New York and its Vicinity.

=Disturnell, John.= N. Y., 1801-1877. A map-publisher of New York city who was an industrious compiler of guide-books and similar literature. New York as it Was and Is, 1876; Influence of Climate in North and South America; The Great Lakes of America; Traveller’s Guide to Hudson River; Tourist’s Guide to the Upper Mississippi, include some of his more important works.

=Ditson, George Leighton.= Ms., 1812- ----. A noted traveller who published Circassia, or a Tour to the Caucasus; Crimora; The Para Papers, or France, Egypt, and Ethiopia; The Crescent and the French Crusaders; The Fedariti of Italy, a Romance of Circassian Captivity.

=Dix, Dorothea Lynde.= Me., 1802-1887. A famous Massachusetts philanthropist the greater part of whose life was spent in efforts to improve the condition of the insane. The present enlightened treatment of the insane throughout the world is due in large measure to the impetus given in that direction by her labours in America and Europe. Her writings, except Prisons and Prison Discipline, are intended for children, and include The Garland of Flora; Conversations about Common Things; Alice and Ruth; Evening Hours. See Life by F. Tiffany, infra.

=Dix, John Adams.= N. H., 1798-1879. A general and statesman who while secretary of the treasury in 1861 issued the celebrated order, “If any one attempts to tear down the American flag, shoot him on the spot.” A Winter in Madeira, and A Summer in Spain and Florence; Speeches and Occasional Addresses; Resources of the State of New York. See Memoir, by Morgan Dix, infra. Ap.

=Dix, John Homer.= Circa 1810-1884. An oculist and aurist of Boston who published Changes of the Blood, a translation from the French of Gibert; Treatise on Strabismus; Morbid Sensibility of the Retina; The Opthalmoscope and its Uses.

=Dix, Morgan.= N. Y., 1827- ----. Son of J. A. Dix, supra. A prominent Episcopal clergyman of New York city conspicuous among High Church theologians, and rector of Trinity Church since 1859. Sermons, Doctrinal and Practical; Lectures on the Calling of a Christian Woman; Memoir of J. A. Dix, supra; Gospel and Philosophy; The Sacramental System; The Seven Deadly Sins; Lectures on the First Prayer Book of King Edward VI.; The Two Estates,--Wedded in the Lord, Single for the Kingdom of Heaven’s Sake. Ap. Dut. Har.

=Dixon, James Main.= S., 1856- ----. A professor of English literature in Washington University, St. Louis, since 1892, and the author of A Dictionary of Idiomatic English Phrases.

=Doane, George Hobart.= Ms., 1830- ----. Son of G. W. Doane, infra. A prelate of the papal household at Rome since 1886, with the title of Monsignore. First Principles; Exclusion of Protestant Worship from Rome; Manual of Instructions and Prayers.

=Doane, George Washington.= N. J., 1799-1859. The second Protestant Episcopal bishop of New Jersey; consecrated bishop in 1832. Songs by the Way; Sermons on Various Occasions. The familiar hymn beginning “Softly now the light of day” is one of his most noted poems. See Life and Writings of, by W. C. Doane, infra.

=Doane, William Croswell.= N. J., 1832- ----. Son of G. W. Doane, supra. The first Protestant Episcopal bishop of Albany. He has contributed much to reviews and other periodicals on topics of the day, is the author of a number of poems, among which The Sculptor Boy is often quoted, and has published several works, including Sermons; Mosaics, or the Harmony of Collect Epistle and Gospel for the Sundays of the Christian Year. As a theologian his place is amongst liberal High Churchmen.

=Dod, Albert Baldwin.= N. J., 1805-1845. A Presbyterian clergyman, professor of mathematics at Princeton College, 1830-45. Theological Essays was his only published work.

=Dodd, Mrs. Anna Bowman [Blake].= L. I., 1855- ----. A New York writer whose volumes of travels have been very popular. The Republic of the Future, or Socialism a Reality; Cathedral Days; Glorinda: a Story; Three Normandy Inns; In the Norfolk Broads. Cas. Rob.

=Dodd, Stephen.= N. J., 1777-1856. A Presbyterian minister of Connecticut, who published History of East Haven; Revolutionary Memorials.

=Doddridge, Joseph.= Pa., 1769-1826. An Episcopal clergyman of western Virginia. Logan, a drama; Notes on the Settlement and Indian Wars of the Western Country, 1763-83.

=Dodge, David Low.= Ct., 1774-1852. A New York merchant who was the first president of the New York Peace Society. The Mediator’s Kingdom not of this World; War Inconsistent with the Religion of Jesus Christ. See Memorials of, 1854.

=Dodge, Ebenezer.= Ms., 1819-1890. A Baptist clergyman, president of Madison (now Colgate) University, 1868-90. Evidences of Christianity; Christian Theology.

=Dodge, Mary Abby.= “Gail Hamilton.” Ms., 1838-1896. A noted essayist and magazinist of Hamilton, Massachusetts, whose aggressive, pungent style made her writings at one time extremely popular. Much of her work is ephemeral in its nature, but it is always readable and often brilliant. A New Atmosphere; Gala Days; Woman’s Wrongs; Red-Letter Days; Summer Rest; Battle of the Books; Twelve Miles from a Lemon; Sermons to the Clergy; First Love is Best; What Think ye of Christ?; Country Living and Country Thinking; Skirmishes and Sketches; Wool-Gathering; Woman’s Worth and Worthlessness; Little Folk Life; Nursery Noonings; Our Common School System; Divine Guidance; The Insuppressible Book; A Washington Bible Class; Biography of James G. Blaine. Ap. Har.

=Dodge, Mrs. Mary Barker [Carter].= Pa., 18-- - ----. Belfry Voices; The Gray Masque and Other Poems. Lo.

=Dodge, Mrs. Mary [Mapes].= N. Y., 1838- ----. A writer of New York city who has edited the Saint Nicholas Magazine since 1873. Her writings for young people include Hans Brinker; Donald and Dorothy; Rhymes and Jingles; Irvington Stories; A Few Friends; The Land of Pluck; When Life is Young, poems for young people. She has also written Theophilus and Others; Along the Way: a volume of Short Poems. Scr.

=Dodge, Nathaniel Shatswell.= Ms., 1810-1874. A Boston littérateur who was the author of Stories of a Grandfather about American History. Le.

=Dodge, Richard Irving.= N. C., 1827-1895. A colonel in the United States army who saw much service in Indian campaigns, and made careful study of the Indian character. The Black Hills; The Plains of the Great West; Our Wild Indians; A Living Issue.

=Dodge, Theodore Ayrault.= Ms., 1842- ----. A captain and brevet lieutenant-colonel in the United States army, prominent as a military historian. The Campaign of Chancellorsville; A Bird’s-Eye View of our Civil War; Great Captains; Alexander, a History of the Origin and Growth of the Art of War from the Earliest Times to the Battle of Ipsus, B. C. 301, with a detailed account of the Campaigns of the Great Macedonian; Hannibal; Cæsar; Gustavus Adolphus; Patroclus and Penelope, a Chat in the Saddle; Riders of Many Lands. Har. Hou.

=Dods, John Bovee.= N. Y., 1795-1872. A clergyman of New York city whose published works include Thirty Sermons; Philosophy of Mesmerism; Philosophy of Electrical Psychology; Immortality Triumphant; Spirit Manifestations Examined and Explained.

=Doe, Charles Henry.= Ms., 1838-1900. A journalist of Worcester, Massachusetts. Buffets, a novel.

=Doesticks, Q. K. Philander.= See Thomson, Mortimer.

=Doggett, David Seth.= Va., 1810-1880. A Methodist bishop who lived at Richmond, Virginia, and published The War and its Close.

=Dolbear, Amos Emerson.= Ct., 1837- ----. A professor of physics and astronomy at Tufts College since 1874. The Art of Projecting; The Speaking Telephone; Sound and its Phenomena. Matter, Ether, and Motion. Le.

=Dole, Charles Fletcher.= Me., 1845- ----. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston. The Citizen and the Neighbour; Jesus and the Men about Him; A Catechism of Liberal Faith; The American Citizen.

=Dole, Edmund Pearson.= Me., 1850- ----. Cousin of C. F. Dole, supra. Assistant attorney-general of the Hawaiian Islands. Talks About Law. Hou.

=Dole, Nathan Haskell.= Ms., 1852- ----. Brother of C. F. Dole, supra. A littérateur of Boston who, besides publishing translations from the Russian of Tolstoï and other writers, is the author of A Score of Famous Composers; The Hawthorn Tree and Other Poems, a collection of pleasing, unpretentious verse; Not Angels Quite; History of the Turko-Russian War of 1877-1878; On the Point, a Summer Idyl; Flowers from Foreign Gardens. One of his most important works is a variorum edition of the Rubáyát of Omar Khayyám. Cr. Est. Kt. Mer.

=Donald, Elijah Winchester.= Ms., 1848-1904. An Episcopal clergyman of Boston, rector of Trinity Church from 1892. The Expansion of Religion. Hou.

=Donaldson, Frank.= Md., 1822-1891. A Baltimore physician, professor of hygiene in the University of Maryland since 1866. Influence of City Life and Occupations in Consumption.

=Donaldson, James Lowry.= Md., 1814-1885. A colonel and brevet major-general in the United States army who published Sergeant Atkins, a tale of the Florida War.

=Donnelly, Eleanor Cecilia.= Pa., 1838- ----. Sister of I. Donnelly, infra. A Philadelphia writer of religious verse, the greater part of which is occupied with Roman Catholic themes. Among her many volumes are Domus Dei; Out of Sweet Solitude; Hymns of the Sacred Heart; Children of the Golden Sheaf and Other Poems.

=Donnelly, Ignatius.= Pa., 1831-1901. A Minnesota writer who, besides publishing An Essay on the Sonnets of Shakespeare; Atlantis: the Antediluvian World; Cæsar’s Column; Ragnarok: the Age of Fire and Gravel, was the author of The Great Cryptogram. In this work he claims to have discovered a cipher in the plays of Shakespeare which sufficiently establishes the fact that they were written by Lord Bacon, an eccentric exercise of ingenuity that has not been taken seriously by scholars. Ap. Har.

=Doolittle, Benjamin.= Ms., 1695-1749. A clergyman of Northfield, Massachusetts, 1718-49. Narrative of the Mischief of the French and Indians, 1744-48; Inquiry into Enthusiasm.

=Dorchester, Daniel.= Ms., 1827- ----. A noted Methodist clergyman of Massachusetts. Concessions of Liberalists to Orthodoxy; Problem of Religious Progress; Latest Drink Sophistries; The Liquor Problem in All Ages; The Why of Methodism; Christianity in the United States; Romanism versus the Public Schools. Meth.

=Dorgan, John Aylmer.= 1836-1866. A lawyer and verse writer of Philadelphia, whose only publication was a collection of verse entitled Studies. See Manhattan Magazine, June, 1883.

=Dorr, Benjamin.= Ms., 1796-1869. An Episcopal clergyman who was rector of Christ Church, Philadelphia, 1837-69. The Churchman’s Manual; The History of a Pocket Prayer-Book; Recognition of Friends in Another World; Sunday-School Teacher’s Encouragement; Prophecies and Types Relative to Christ; Memorials of Christ Church; Travels in the East; Memoir of John Fanning Watson, infra.

=Dorr, Mrs. Julia Caroline [Ripley].= S. C., 1825- ----. A poet and novelist of Rutland, Vermont. Her verse, much of which reaches a high degree of excellence, includes Daybreak, an Easter Poem; Vermont; Friar Anselmo; Afternoon Songs; Legend of the Baboushka; Poems (complete edition). Her other writings comprise four novels: Lanmere; Sibyl Huntington; Expiation; Farmingdale; Bermuda, a volume of travel; Bride and Bridegroom, or Letters to a Young Married Couple; The Flower of England’s Face; A Cathedral Pilgrimage. Lip. Mac. Meth. Ran. Scr.

=Dorsey, Mrs. Anna Hanson.= D. C., 1815-1896. A prolific writer of dramas, novels, poems, and essays, long resident in Washington, and from 1840 an ardent Roman Catholic. Among her works are May Brooke; Guy the Leper, an epic poem; The Old House at Glenarra; Palms; Warp and Woof.

=Dorsey, Ella Loraine.= D. C., 1853-1901. Daughter of Mrs. Anna Dorsey, supra. A Washington writer of stories for boys. Midshipman Bob; Saxty’s Angel; The Two Tramps.

=Dorsey, James Owen.= Md., 1848-1895. An ethnologist who for a time was an Episcopal missionary to the Ponka Indians, but for many years has been engaged in linguistic studies for the Bureau of Ethnology. Omaha Sociology; Osage Traditions; Kansas Mourning and War Customs; The Dhegiha Language, are among his writings.

=Dorsey, Mrs. Sarah Anne [Ellis].= Mi., 1829-1879. A Mississippi author who was the amanuensis of Jefferson Davis, supra, to whom she bequeathed her estate of Beauvoir on the Gulf of Mexico, where he died. Lucia Dare; Agnes Graham, both stories of the Civil War; Panola, a tale of Louisiana; Atalie, or a Southern Villeggiatura; Life of Governor Allen of Louisiana.

=Dorsheimer, William.= N. Y., 1832-1888. A prominent citizen of Buffalo who was twice lieutenant-governor of New York, and published A Life of Grover Cleveland (1884).

=Doten, Lizzie.= Ms., 1829- ----. A Boston spiritualist trance medium whose verses are claimed to be inspired by the spirits of Shakespeare, Burns, Poe, and other poets of the past. Poems of Progress; Poems from the Inner Life. Ban.

=Doubleday, Abner.= N. Y., 1819-1893. A colonel and brevet major-general in the United States army who retired from active service in 1873. Reminiscences of Forts Sumter and Moultrie; Chancellorsville and Gettysburg; Gettysburg made Plain. Har. Scr.

=Doubleday, Charles William.= E., 1829- ----. A soldier who accompanied Walker on the famous Nicaragua expedition, and later served as acting brigadier-general in the United States army. Reminiscences of the Filibuster War in America.

=Douglas, Alice May.= Me., 1865- ----. A writer of verse and juvenile tales whose home is at Bath, Maine. Her verse includes Phlox; May Flowers; Gems Without Polish. Jewel Gatherers; The Peacemaker; Self-Exiled from Russia, are among her tales for young readers.

=Douglas, Amanda Minnie.= N. Y., 1837- ----. A popular novelist of Newark, New Jersey, whose more than thirty works of fiction have obtained a wide circulation. They are readable, and not without skill in construction, but are not particularly strong on the literary side. Among them are In Trust; Stephen Dane; Claudia; With Fate Against Him; Sherburne House; In Wild Rose Time; Seven Daughters; Larry; Hope Mills. Do. Le.

=Douglas, Marian.= See Robinson, Mrs. A.

=Douglas, Silas Hamilton.= N. Y., 1816-1890. A professor of chemistry at the University of Michigan, 1844-79. Tables for Qualitative Chemical Analysis; Qualitative Chemical Analysis (with A. R. Prescott).

=Douglass, Frederick.= Md., 1817-1895. A famous orator and the most distinguished member of the African race in America. He was born in slavery, but escaped to the North in 1838, educated himself, and soon became prominent as an anti-slavery speaker. As time went on, his style, always picturesque and eloquent, became polished and elegant. My Bondage and My Freedom; Narrative of My Experience in Slavery; Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1881). See Life by Holland, 1891.

=Douglass, William.= S., c. 1691-1752. A Scottish physician who came to America and settled in Boston in 1718. He was a man of very positive views, most of which were opposed to those of the age and the community in which he lived, and his time was well filled in controversies with the clergy, physicians, magistrates, and colonial governors. His principal work is a Summary, Historical and Political, of the British Settlements in America. Others of less note are Mercurius Novanglicanus, an almanac; Treatise on Small Pox; Midwifery; Practical History of a New, Eruptive, Miliary Fever. See Tyler’s American Literature.

=Dow, Daniel.= Ct., 1772-1849. A Congregational clergyman of Thompson, Connecticut. Familiar Letters to Rev. John Sherman; The Pedobaptist Catechism; The Sinaitic and Abrahamic Covenants; Free Inquiry Recommended on the Subject of Free Masonry.

=Dow, Lorenzo.= Ct., 1777-1834. An eccentric Methodist travelling preacher, especially vehement against the Jesuits. Polemical Works; The Stranger in Charleston, or the Trial and Confession of Lorenzo Dow; A Short Account of a Long Travel; Journal and Miscellaneous Writings; History of a Cosmopolite, an autobiographic work.

=Dowd, Mary Alice.= W. Va., 1855- ----. An educator of Stamford, Connecticut, who has published Vacation Verses.

=Dowling, John.= E., 1807-1878. A Baptist clergyman of New York city whose writings had a large circulation. Vindication of the Baptists; History of Romanism; Defence of the Protestant Scriptures; Power of Illustration; Nights and Mornings; Judson Offering; Exposition of the Prophecies concerning the Second Coming of Christ.

=Downes, John.= N. Y., 1799-1882. A mathematician of Washington. Peter Parley’s Almanacs for Old and Young; Logarithms and Logarithmic Sines and Tangents; United States Almanac Complete, or Ephemeris.

=Downes, William Howe.= Ct., 1854- ----. A Boston journalist, for many years on the staff of the Transcript, and an art critic. Spanish Ways and By-Ways; The Tin Army of the Potomac, or a Kindergarten of War.

=Downie, David.= S., 1838- ----. A Baptist missionary to India who has published a History of the Telugu Mission.

=Downing, Andrew Jackson.= N. Y., 1815-1852. A once noted horticulturist and landscape gardener of New York who did much to popularize a knowledge of rural art. Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening; Fruit and Fruit Trees of America; Architecture of Country Houses; Cottage Residences; Rural Essays. See Garden and Forest, vol. 8. Wil.

=Downing, Mrs. Frances [Murdaugh].= N. Y., c. 1835-1894. A writer of Charlottesville, North Carolina, who has published Pluto, or the Origin of Mint Julep, a story in verse after the manner of the “Ingoldsby Legends;” and several novels, including Nameless; Perfect Through Suffering; Florida; Five Little Girls and Two Little Boys.

=Downing, Jack.= See Smith, Seba.

=Drake, Benjamin.= Ky., 1794-1841. A Cincinnati journalist whose writings include Cincinnati in 1820; Tales and Sketches from the Queen City; Life of Black Hawk; Life of William Henry Harrison; Life of Tecumseh.

=Drake, Charles Daniel.= O., 1811-1892. Son of Daniel Drake, infra. An eminent lawyer of St. Louis who published Law of Attachments; Life of Daniel Drake. Lit.

=Drake, Daniel.= N. J., 1785-1852. Brother of B. Drake, supra. A distinguished physician of Cincinnati and Philadelphia who is best known by his valuable work on The Diseases of the Interior Valley of North America, which embodies a vast amount of patient research. His other works include Pictures of Cincinnati and the Miami Country (1815); History of the Prevention and Treatment of Epidemic Cholera; Essays on Medical Education; Discourses; Pioneer Life in Kentucky. See Lives by Mansfield, 1855, C. D. Drake, supra, 1871; Gross’s Sketches of Contemporaries. Clke.

=Drake, Francis Samuel.= Ms., 1828-1885. Son of S. G. Drake, infra. A bookseller of Boston whose Dictionary of American Biography is incorporated in Appleton’s Cyclopedia of Biography. Other works of his are Life of General Knox; The Town of Roxbury; Tea Leaves; Indian History for Young Folks. Har. Lip.

=Drake, Joseph Rodman.= N. Y., 1795-1820. A talented physician of New York city, co-author with Halleck, infra, of The Croaker Papers in the Evening Post. His poetical fame rests on The Culprit Fay, a delicate, fanciful creation, and the often-quoted poem The American Flag. His poetry was once extremely popular, but has failed to interest the readers of the latter half of the 19th century. A selection from his poems was made by his daughter and published in 1836.

=Drake, Samuel Adams.= Ms., 1833- ----. Son of S. G. Drake, infra. A littérateur of Boston whose histories and books of home travel have been deservedly popular. Around the Hub, a Boy’s Book About Boston; The Heart of the White Mountains; Old Landmarks and Historic Personages of Boston; Nooks and Corners of the New England Coast; Old Landmarks and Historic Fields of Middlesex; Captain Nelson; The Watch Fires of ’76; Burgoyne’s Invasion of 1777; The Taking of Louisburg; The Battle of Gettysburg; Our Colonial Homes; New England Legends and Folk-Lore; The Making of New England, 1580-1643; The Making of Virginia and the Middle Colonies, 1578-1701; The Making of the Ohio Valley States, 1660-1837; The Making of the Great West, 1512-1853; History of Middlesex County; The Pine-Tree Coast. Est. Har. Le. Rob. Scr.

=Drake, Samuel Gardiner.= N. H., 1798-1875. A Boston bookseller of antiquarian tastes who, beside editing several historical works, was the author of Memoir of Cotton Mather; Entertaining History of King Philip’s War; Book of the Indians; Old Indian Chronicle; Account of the Family of Drake; Memoir of Walter Raleigh; History and Antiquities of Boston; Indian Biography; Indian Captivities; Annals of Witchcraft in the United States; History of the French and Indian War. See Bibliography of Maine.

=Draper, Andrew Sloan.= N. Y., 1848- ----. A lawyer and educator of Albany, and, since 1894, president of the University of Illinois. What Ought the Common Schools to Do?; How to Improve the Country Schools; Powers and Obligations of Teachers; School Administration in Large Cities; Origin of the New York Common School System; A Teaching Profession; Authority of the State in Education; Legal Status of the Public Schools; Normal and Training School System of New York; Responsibility and Authority of Trustees; American Schools and American Citizenship; Public School Pioneering in New York and Massachusetts.

=Draper, Henry.= Va., 1837-1882. Son of J. W. Draper, infra. A professor in the University of New York. The Construction of a Silvered Glass Telescope; Text-Book of Chemistry.

=Draper, John Christopher.= Va., 1835-1885. Son of J. W. Draper, infra. A New York physician, professor in the University of New York. Text-Book in Anatomy; Physiology and Hygiene; Practical Laboratory Course in Physics; Text-Book of Medical Physics.

=Draper, John William.= E., 1811-1882. A distinguished scientist who came from England to the United States in 1832, and from 1839 to 1881 was connected with the University of New York. History of the Civil War in America; History of the Intellectual Development of Europe; The Future Civil Policy of America; Human Physiology; Elements of Chemistry; Text-Book of Natural Philosophy; Text-Book on Physiology; Researches in Actino-Chemistry; Scientific Memoirs; History of the Conflict between Religion and Science. See Dictionary of National Biography, vol. 16.

=Draper, Lyman Copeland.= N. Y., 1815-1891. An antiquarian writer of Madison, Wisconsin. Madison, the Capital of Wisconsin; King’s Mountain and its Heroes.

=Drayton, John.= S. C., 1766-1822. Son of W. H. Drayton, infra. A South Carolina statesman, twice governor of his State. View of South Carolina; Letters written during a Tour through the Northern and Eastern States.

=Drayton, William Henry.= S. C., 1742-1779. A prominent figure among statesmen of the Revolution and a member of the Continental Congress. A History of the American Revolution, which he left in manuscript, was afterwards published by his son.

=Drinker, Anne.= “Edith May.” Pa., 1827- ----. A verse-writer of Montrose, Pennsylvania. Poems by Edith May; Tales and Verses for Children; Katy’s Story.

=Drisler, Henry.= N. Y., 1818-1897. A classical scholar of distinction, professor at Columbia College from 1843, whose Greek-and-English Lexicon has long been a standard authority.

=Droch.= See Bridges, Robert.

=Drone, Eaton Sylvester.= O., 1842- ----. A legal writer on the staff of the New York Herald. The Law of Property in Intellectual Productions, embracing Copyright and Playright. Lit.

=Drummond, Josiah Hayden.= Me., 1827-1902. A lawyer who was attorney-general of Maine for some years, and published Maine Masonic Text-Book for Use of Lodges; History of Masonic Jurisprudence.

=Drury, Augustus Waldo.= 1851- ----. A clergyman of the sect of United Brethren in Christ who has written a Life of Otterbein, the founder of the sect.

=Drury, John Benjamin.= N. Y., 1838- ----. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Ghent, New York, who has published Truths and Untruths of Evolution. Ran.

=Duane, James Chatham.= N. Y., 1824-1897. A retired brigadier-general of the United States army, author of A Manual for Engineer Troops.

=Duane, William.= N. Y., 1760-1835. A once prominent journalist and politician of Philadelphia. Military Dictionary; The Mississippi Question; An Epitome of the Arts and Sciences; Visit to Colombia in 1822; American Military Library; Handbook for Riflemen; Handbook for Infantry.

=Duane, William.= Pa., 1808-1882. Son of W. J. Duane, infra. A Philadelphia writer who published Relation of Landlord to Tenant in Pennsylvania; Law of Roads, etc., in Pennsylvania; Canada and the Continental Congress; Ligan, a collection of Tales and Essays.

=Duane, William John.= I., 1780-1865. Son to W. Duane, supra. An eminent lawyer of Philadelphia who was secretary of the treasury in 1833, and was dismissed from office by President Jackson for declining to order the deposits removed from the Bank of the United States. The Law of Nations Investigated; Letters on Internal Improvement; Narrative and Correspondence Concerning the Removal of the Deposits, 1838.

=Dubbs, Joseph Henry.= Pa., 1838- ----. A German Reformed clergyman, professor of history in Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, since 1875. Otterbein and the Reformed Church; Historic Manual of the Reformed Church; Home Ballads and Metrical Versions; Why Am I Reformed?

=Du Bois, Augustus Jay.= O., 1849- ----. A professor of engineering at Yale University since 1877. Elements of Graphical Statics; The New Method of Graphical Statics; Strains in Framed Structures; Mechanics. Wil.

=Du Bois, William Edward Burghardt.= Ms., 1868- ----. An educator of African descent, assistant professor of sociology in the University of Pennsylvania. The Suppression of the African Slave Trade to the United States, 1638-1810. Lgs.

=Du Bois, William Ewing.= Pa., 1810-1881. A Philadelphia numismatist, assayer at the Mint. Manual of Gold and Silver Coins of All Nations; Pledges of History, an account of the Antique Coins in the United States Mint.

=Du Bose, Mrs. Catherine Anne [Richards].= E., 1826- ----. A Georgia writer who published The Pastor’s Household, or Lessons on the Eleventh Commandment, a juvenile tale.

=Ducatel, Julius Timoleon.= Md., 1796-1849. A chemist of Baltimore, professor in the University of Maryland and author of a Manual of Toxicology.

=Du Chaillu= [dü-chä-yü´], =Paul Belloni=. F., 1835-1903. A noted French traveller who became a naturalized citizen of the United States. Ivar the Viking; Explorations and Adventures in Equatorial Africa; A Journey to Ashango Land; My Apingi Kingdom; Wild Life under the Equator; Lost in the Jungle; The Country of the Dwarfs; Land of the Midnight Sun; Age of the Vikings; Stories of the Gorilla Country. The greater number of his works are intended for juvenile reading. Har.

=Duché, Jacob.= Pa., 1737-1798. An Episcopal clergyman of Philadelphia who made the prayer at the opening of the Continental Congress. Becoming discouraged at the want of success of the colonists, he urged Washington to abandon the cause. He was thereupon considered an enemy of the country and his property was confiscated. Caspipina’s Letters; Discourses on Various Subjects.

=Dudley, Dean.= Me., 1823- ----. A Boston lawyer of antiquarian tastes. Pictures of Life in England and America; The Dudley Genealogies; Social and Political Aspects of England and the Continent; History of the First Council of Nice; Officers of the Army and Navy; History of the Dudley Family.

=Dudley, Thomas Underwood.= Va., 1837-1904. The second Protestant Episcopal bishop of Kentucky. He served in the Confederate army as a colonel, and afterwards entered the ministry. A Wise Discrimination the Church’s Need.

=Dudley, William Russell.= Ct., 1849- ----. A professor of botany at Cornell University, who has published The Cayuga Flora.

=Duer, Edward Louis.= N. J., 1836- ----. A physician of Philadelphia. Post Mortem Discoveries; Treatment of Diphtheria.

=Duer, John.= N. Y., 1782-1858. A once prominent New York jurist whose specialty was insurance law. Duer’s Reports; Laws and Practice of Marine Insurance.

=Duer, William Alexander.= N. Y., 1780-1858. Brother of J. Duer, supra, and like him a prominent jurist. He was president of Columbia College, 1829-42. Constitutional Jurisprudence of the United States.

=Duff, Peter.= N. B., 1802-1869. An educator of Pittsburg, where he founded Duff’s Mercantile College, one of the earliest institutions of the kind. The North American Accountant was his only publication of note.

=Duffel, Mary Gordon.= Al., c. 1840- ----. A resident of Alabama, who published A History of Alabama; Guide to the Mammoth Cave.

=Duffield, George.= Pa., 1794-1869. A Presbyterian clergyman, once prominent in Detroit as a leader among New School Presbyterians. Dissertations on the Prophecies; Regeneration; Travels in the Holy Land; Claims of Episcopal Bishops Examined, include his most important writings.

=Duffield, George.= Pa., 1818-1888. Son of G. Duffield, supra. A Presbyterian clergyman of some note as a hymn-writer, one of his most popular hymns being “Stand up for Jesus.”

=Duffield, John Thomas.= Pa., 1823-1901. A Presbyterian clergyman who was professor of mathematics in Princeton College for many years, and published The Princeton Pulpit and many religious monographs.

=Duffield, Samuel Augustus Willoughby.= L. I., 1843-1887. Son of G. Duffield, 2d. A Presbyterian clergyman of Bloomfield, New Jersey. English Hymns, their Authors and History; Latin Hymn-Writers and their Hymns; Warp and Woof, a Book of Verse. Fu.

=Duffield, William Ward.= Pa., 1823- ----. An engineer of Kentucky who was a brigadier-general in the Federal army during the Civil War. School of the Brigade and Evolutions of the Line.

=Duganne, Augustine Joseph Hickey.= Ms., 1823-1884. A journalist of New York city chiefly known as a poet. During the Civil War he served in the Federal army, and was for some time a captive in Southern prisons. Among his writings are Prison Life in the South; Camps and Prisons; History of Governments; The Lydian Queen, a tragedy; Home Poems; Parnassus in Pillory, a satire.

=Dugdale, Richard L.= F., 1841-1883. A writer on sociology. The Jukes, or Heredity in Crime; Further Studies of Criminals.

=Duhring, Julia.= Pa., 1836- ----. An essayist who has published Philosophers and Fools; Gentlefolks and Others; Amor in Society; Mental Life and Culture. Lip.

=Duhring, Louis Adolphus.= Pa., 1845- ----. Brother of J. Duhring, supra. A physician of Philadelphia, prominent as a dermatologist. Atlas of Skin Diseases; Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Skin; Epitome of Skin Diseases; Cutaneous Medicine. Lip.

=Duke, William.= Md., 1757-1840. An Episcopal clergyman and educator of Maryland who published A Clew to Religious Truth.

=Dulany, Daniel.= Md., 1721-1797. A noted Maryland statesman. Considerations on the Propriety of Imposing Taxes on the British Colonies.

=Dulles, Charles Winslow.= E. I., 1850- ----. A surgeon of Philadelphia. What to Do First in Accidents or Poisoning; What to Do First in Accidents and Emergencies; Accidents and Emergencies.

=Dulles, John Welsh.= Pa., 1823-1887. A Presbyterian clergyman of Philadelphia, at one time a missionary to India. The Soldier’s Friend; Life in India; The Ride Through Palestine.

=Dummer, Jeremiah.= Ms., c. 1680-1739. A noted scholar who was colonial agent for Massachusetts in London, 1710-21, and was a political friend of Bolingbroke. A Letter to a Noble Lord concerning the Late Expedition to Canada; A Defence of the New England Charters,--both excellent specimens of literary skill as well as patriotism. See Tyler’s American Literature.

=Dumont, Mrs. Julia Louisa [Carey].= O., 1794-1857. A once noted educator of Vevay, Indiana. Life Sketches from Common Paths.

=Dunbar, Charles Franklin.= Ms., 1830-1900. A professor of political economy at Harvard University from 1871. Chapters on The Theory and History of Banking. Put.

=Dunbar, Paul Laurence.= O., 1872- ----. A verse-writer of Dayton, Ohio, of African descent. Lyrics of Lowly Life. Do.

=Duncan, William Cecil.= N. Y., 1824-1864. A Baptist clergyman of New Orleans. Life of John the Baptist; History of the Baptists for the First Two Centuries of the Christian Era; The Years of Jesus; Brief History of the Baptists.

=Duncan, William Stevens.= Pa., 1834- ----. A physician of Brownsville, Pennsylvania. Medical Delusions; Physiology of Death.

=Dunglison= [dŭng´glĭ-son], =Richard James.= Md., 1834-1901. Son of R. Dunglison, infra. A physician of Philadelphia who published Practitioner’s Reference Book; Elementary Physiology.

=Dunglison, Robley.= E., 1798-1869. An eminent Philadelphia physician, professor in Jefferson Medical College from 1836, and one of the most learned men of his profession. His most important work is his Medical Dictionary, which has a very wide reputation. Other works are, Human Physiology; Elements of Hygiene; General Therapeutics; The Medical Student; The Practice of Medicine; Commentaries on Diseases of the Stomach and Bowels in Children. See Gross’s Sketches of Contemporaries.

=Dunham, Carroll.= N. Y., 1828-1877. A once prominent homœopathic physician of New York. Homœopathy the Science of Therapeutics; Lectures in Materia Medica.

=Dunham, William Russell.= N. H., 1833- ----. A physician of Keene, New Hampshire, who has published Theory of Medical Science.

=Dunlap, Andrew.= Ms., 1794-1835. A lawyer of Boston, and author of Admiralty Practice in Cases of Maritime Jurisdiction.

=Dunlap, John A.= Circa 1793-c. 1858. A justice of the peace in New York city. Practice of the Superior Court of New York in Civil Actions; Abridgement of the 13th and 14th books of Coke’s Reports.

=Dunlap, Samuel Fales.= Ms., 1825- ----. Son of A. Dunlap, supra, and, like him, a lawyer of Boston. Origin of Ancient Names; Vestiges of the Spirit History of Man.

=Dunlap, William.= N. J., 1766-1839. A once prominent artist, dramatist, and theatrical manager of New York city. Life of George Frederick Cooke; Life of Charles Brockden Brown; The American Theatre; History of New York; History, Rise, and Progress of the Arts of Design in the United States; Thirty Years Ago, a novel; New Netherlands, Province of New York; The Father, a comedy; Leicester, a tragedy, include the greater part of his writings.

=Dunlop, James.= Pa., 1795-1856. A Pittsburg lawyer prominent as an opponent of slavery. Laws of Pennsylvania, 1700-1853; Digest of the General Laws of the United States.

=Dunn, Jacob Piatt.= Ind., 1855- ----. The State librarian of Indiana. History of Indiana; Massacres of the Mountains, a History of Indian Wars in the Far West. Har. Hou.

=Dunn, Lewis Romaine.= N. J., 1822-1876. A Methodist divine of New Jersey. Lizzie Hagar, the Orphan Girl; The Mission of the Spirit; Angels of God; Sermons on the Higher Life.

=Dunning, Albert Elijah.= Ct., 1844- ----. A Congregational clergyman of Boston, editor of the Congregationalist. The Sunday-School Library; Bible Studies; Congregationalists in America. C. P. S. Hi.

=Dunning, Mrs. Annie [Ketchum].= “Nellie Grahame.” N. Y., 1831- ----. A prolific writer of Sunday-school tales, mainly for the Presbyterian Board of Publication. Among them are Clementina’s Mirrour; A Story of Four Lives; Broken Pitchers; Contradictions. Lo.

=Dunning, Charlotte.= See Morse, Mrs.

=Duponceau= [du-pŏn´sō or dü´poN´so´], =Pierre Etienne.= F., 1760-1844. A Frenchman who came to America as aid to Baron Steuben, settled in Philadelphia, and became eminent as a lawyer. He was president of the American Philosophical Society, and his Memoir on the Indian Languages of North America attracted much attention amongst scholars.

=Dupuy= [dü-pwe´], =Eliza Ann.= Va., 1814-1881. A sensational novelist of Kentucky, for many years a regular contributor of serial stories to the New York Ledger. Among them are The Conspirator, a story of Aaron Burr; The Huguenot Exiles; The Concealed Treasure. Har.

=Durbin, John Price.= Ky., 1800-1876. A Methodist clergyman noted for his eloquence, who was missionary secretary of the Methodist Episcopal Church, 1850-72. Observations in Europe; Observations in Egypt, Palestine, Syria, and Asia Minor. See Life by J. A. Roche, 1879. Har.

=Durfee, Job.= R. I., 1790-1847. A Rhode Island jurist who was chief justice of his State, 1835-47. What Cheer, or Roger Williams in Exile; Panidea, a philosophical treatise. See Complete Works, with Memoir by his son, 1849.

=Durivage, Francis Alexander.= Ms., 1813-1881. Nephew to Edward Everett, infra. A magazinist of Boston, among whose writings are The Fatal Casket; Life Scenes from the World Around Us; Cyclopedia of History.

=Durrie, Daniel Steele.= N. Y., 1819-1892. An antiquarian writer of Madison, Wisconsin, who published Bibliographia Genealogica Americana; History of Madison.

=Dutcher, Addison Porter.= N. Y., 1818-1884. A physician of Cleveland. Selections from my Portfolio, essays on Popular and Scientific Subjects; Pulmonary Tuberculosis; Sparks from the Forge of a Rough Thinker; Two Voyages to Europe. Lip.

=Dutcher, Jacob C.= Circa 1820- ----. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of New York. Requisites of National Greatness; The Prodigal Son; Our Fallen Heroes; The Old Home by the River; Frank Lyttleton, or Winning his Way.

=Dutton, Clarence Edward.= Ct., 1841- ----. An officer in the United States army associated with the Geological Survey. Geology of the High Plateaus of Utah; Tertiary History of the Grand Cañon District; Hawaiian Volcanoes; Mount Taylor and the Zuñi Plateau; The Charleston Earthquake of 1886.

=Dutton, Henry.= Ct., 1796-1869. A prominent jurist of Connecticut who issued a Digest of the Connecticut Reports.

=Duval, John Pope.= Va., 1790-c. 1855. A Florida lawyer who published in 1840 A Digest of the Laws of Florida.

=Duyckinck= [dī´kiṉk], =Evert Augustus=. N. Y., 1816-1878. A literary critic of New York city, who with his brother George, infra, was the author of an Encyclopædia of American Literature, first issued in 1855. Its estimates were sometimes over-indulgent, but on the whole the work gave a fairly just view of the subject at that time. Other works by the elder Duyckinck are History of the War for the Union; Biography of Eminent Men and Women of Europe and America.

=Duyckinck, George Long.= N. Y., 1823-1863. Brother of E. A. Duyckinck, supra. A writer of New York city who, beside his share in The Encyclopædia of American Literature, was the author of Lives of George Herbert; Bishop Ken; Jeremy Taylor; Bishop Latimer.

=Dwight, Benjamin Woodbridge.= Ct., 1816-1889. Grandson of Timothy Dwight, infra. An educator of New York city. The Higher Christian Education; Modern Philosophy; Modern Philology; Woman’s Higher Culture; The True Doctrine of Divine Providence; History of the Dwight Family in America; History of the Strong Family.

=Dwight, Edwin Welles.= Ms., 1789-1841. A Congregational clergyman of Richmond, Massachusetts, whose only publication was a History of Berkshire County.

=Dwight, Harrison Gray Otis.= Ms., 1803-1862. A Congregational missionary to Armenia. Researches of Smith and Dwight in Armenia; Christianity Revived in the East; Catalogue of Armenian Literature in the Middle Ages.

=Dwight, Henry Edwin.= Ct., 1797-1832. The eighth son of Timothy Dwight, infra. An educator of New Haven who published Travels in the North of Germany.

=Dwight, Henry Otis.= Ty., 1843- ----. Son of H. G. O. Dwight, supra. A Federal officer during the Civil War, and a correspondent of the New York Tribune from Constantinople, 1876-79. Turkish Life in War Times; Constantinople and its Problems. Rev. Scr.

=Dwight, John Sullivan.= Ms., 1813-1893. A distinguished musical critic of Boston, editor of Dwight’s Journal of Music, an outspoken, fearless, high-class critical periodical, 1852-81. In earlier life he spent five years at Brook Farm, and was a contributor to The Dial. He was the author of a History of Music in Boston and the poem God Save the State.

=Dwight, Mary Ann.= Ms., 1806-1858. A teacher of drawing and painting in New York city. Grecian and Roman Mythology; Introduction to the Study of Art; Art as a Branch of Education.

=Dwight, Nathaniel.= Ms., 1770-1831. Brother of Timothy Dwight, infra. A physician and clergyman of Rhode Island and Connecticut, who published the first school geography in America, and was author also of The Great Question Answered; A Compendious History of the Signers of the Declaration of Independence. Bar.

=Dwight, Sereno Edwards.= Ct., 1786-1850. The fifth son of Timothy Dwight, infra. A Congregational clergyman and educator. Life of David Brainerd; The Hebrew Wife, an argument in opposition to marriage with a deceased wife’s sister; Select Discourses. He edited the Works of Jonathan Edwards, infra, in ten volumes, with Life. See Memoir by W. T. Dwight.

=Dwight, Theodore.= Ms., 1764-1846. Brother of Timothy Dwight, infra. A once famous journalist of New York city, and a member of Congress, well known as a Federalist. History of the Hartford Convention; Character of Thomas Jefferson. See Life and Writings, 1840.

=Dwight, Theodore.= Ct., 1796-1866. Son of T. Dwight, supra. A New York littérateur whose varied writings include Tour in Italy; New Gazetteer of the United States; History of Connecticut; Summer Tour of New England; The Northern Traveller; The Roman Republic of 1849; The Kansas War; Life of Garibaldi; The Father’s Book; First Lessons in Modern Greek; School Dictionary of Roots and Derivatives.

=Dwight, Theodore William.= N. Y., 1822-1892. Grandson of Timothy Dwight, infra. A jurist of note who was professor of municipal law in Columbia College. Argument in the Rose Will Case; Trial by Impeachment; Prisons and Reformatories (with E. C. Wines, infra).

=Dwight, Thomas.= Ms., 1843- ----. A physician of Boston, successor to O. W. Holmes, infra, as professor of anatomy in the Harvard Medical School. Anatomy of the Head; The Intracranial Circulation. Hou.

=Dwight, Timothy.= Ms., 1752-1817. A Congregational clergyman who was a very prominent figure in the early history of the republic, and as president of Yale College, 1795-1817, of great influence as an educator as well. His most important work is Theology Explained and Defended in a Course of 173 Sermons, which has gone into more than one hundred editions. Other prose works are Genuineness and Authenticity of the Old Testament; Observations on Language; Essay on Light; Travels in New England and New York, which still furnishes entertaining reading. His writings in verse include The Conquest of Canaan, a very ponderous epic; Greenfield Hill, a pastoral; The Triumph of Infidelity, a satire. See Sparks’s American Biography; Allibone’s Dictionary; Tyler’s Three Men of Letters, 1895.

=Dwight, Timothy.= Ct., 1828- ----. Grandson of Timothy Dwight, supra. A Congregational clergyman, president of Yale University, 1886-99, and one of the members of the New Testament Revision Company. The True Ideal of an American University.

=Dwight, William Buck.= Ty., 1833- ----. Son of H. G. O. Dwight, supra. A scientist who has been curator of Vassar College Museum for many years.

=Dyckman, Jacob.= N. Y., 1788-1822. A physician of New York city who was the author of Pathology of Human Fluids.

=Dyer, Mrs. Catherine Cornelia [Joy].= N. Y., 1817-1903. Wife of H. Dyer, infra. Henry and the Bird’s Nest; Sunny Days Abroad; Brief History of the Joy Family; Records of the Dyer Family.

=Dyer, Heman.= Vt., 1810-1900. An Episcopal clergyman of New York city. Voice of the Lord upon the Waters; Records of an Active Life, an autobiography.

=Dyer, Sidney.= N. Y., 1814-1898. A Baptist clergyman of Philadelphia, well known as a song-writer. Voices of Nature and Thoughts in Rhyme; Psalmist for Use of Baptist Churches; Songs and Ballads; The Drunkard’s Child; Ruth, a Cantata; Black Diamonds; Home and Abroad; Hoofs and Claws; Ocean Gardens and Palaces; Elmdale Lyceum; The Beautiful Ladder, or the Two Students.

E

=Eads, James Buchanan.= Ind., 1820-1887. A civil engineer of distinction and the designer of the Mississippi jetties. System of Naval Defence; Mouth of the Mississippi, the Jetty System Explained; Discussion on Upright Bridges.

=Eames, Mrs. Jane [Anthony].= Ms., 1816-1894. A writer of Concord, New Hampshire. A Budget of Letters; The Budget Closed; My Mother’s Jewel; The Christmas Gift; Letters from Bermuda, comprise the most of her writing.

=Earle, Mrs. Alice [Morse].= Ms., 1851- ----. A writer on American antiquarian themes. Curious Punishments of Bygone Days; Margaret Winthrop, a biography; Costume of Colonial Times; Customs and Fashions in Old New England; The Sabbath in Puritan New England; China-Collecting in America; Colonial Dames and Goodwives; Colonial Days in Old New York. Hou. S. Scr.

=Earle, Pliny.= Ms., 1809-1892. A son of the inventor of the same name, and a prominent physician, who was superintendent of the State Insane Hospital at Northampton, Massachusetts, 1864-1885. Marathon and Other Poems; Institutions for the Insane in Prussia, Germany, and Austria; Visits to Thirteen Insane Asylums in Europe; The Curability of Insanity; Blood-Letting in Disorders; The Earle Family: Ralph Earle and his Descendants.

=Earle, Thomas.= Ms., 1796-1849. Brother of P. Earle, supra. A lawyer and philanthropist of Philadelphia. Essay on Penal Law; Right of States to Alter and Annul their Charters; Railroads and Internal Communications (1830); Life of Benjamin Lundy.

=Early, Jubal Anderson.= Va., 1816-1894. A distinguished general in the Confederate army who settled in New Orleans after the close of the Civil War. Memoir of the Last Year of the War for Independence in the Confederate States; Campaigns of General Lee; Jackson’s Campaign against Pope.

=Eastburn, James Wallis.= E., 1797-1819. An Episcopal clergyman remembered as co-author with R. C. Sands of the once noted poem Yamoyden.

=Eastburn, Manton.= E., 1801-1872. The fourth Protestant Episcopal bishop of Massachusetts, and somewhat prominent as a dogmatic, aggressive Low Churchman. Lectures on Hebrew, Latin, and Greek Poetry; Lectures on the Epistles to the Philippians; Essays and Dissertations on Biblical Literature.

=Eastman, Charles Gamage.= Me., 1816-1861. A verse-writer of Montpelier, Vermont, who published in 1848 a volume of Poems, descriptive of rural life in New England, that was popular for a time.

=Eastman, Mrs. Elaine [Goodale].= Ms., 1863- ----. A writer who, with her younger sister, Dora Goodale, infra, attracted much attention, when both were children, by the publication of several volumes of poems, of which the literary quality was very marked. She afterward became a teacher at various Indian schools, and in 1891 married Dr. Charles Eastman, a Sioux Indian, educated at the Boston University; she now lives in South Dakota. Journal of a Farmer’s Daughter; The Coming of the Birds. See Goodale, D. R.

=Eastman, Julia Arabella.= N. Y., 1837- ----. A Massachusetts teacher who has written a number of juvenile tales, among which are Short Comings and Long Goings; Young Rick; Kitty Kent’s Trouble. Lo.

=Eastman, Mrs. Mary [Henderson].= Va., 1818- ----. Wife of S. Eastman, infra. Romance of Indian Life; Dacotah, or Life and Legends of the Sioux; American Aboriginal Portfolio; Chicora and other Regions of the Conquerors and the Conquered; Tales of Fashionable Life; Aunt Phillis’s Cabin, a reply to Uncle Tom’s Cabin.

=Eastman, Philip.= N. H., 1799-1869. A jurist of Maine. General Statutes of Maine; Digest of Maine Law Reports.

=Eastman, Seth.= Me., 1808-1875. An officer in the United States army stationed at Fort Snelling and other places on the Western frontier; afterwards a lieutenant-colonel and brevet brigadier-general. History, Condition, and Future Prospects of the Indians of the United States; Topographical Drawing.

=Eaton, Amos.= N. Y., 1776-1842. A once prominent scientist whose writings include Index to Geology of the Northern States; Natural History of New York; Geological Survey of the Erie Canal District; Philosophical Instructor; Manual of Botany of North America.

=Eaton, Arthur Wentworth Hamilton.= N. S., 1849- ----. An Episcopal clergyman and instructor of New York city. The Heart of the Creeds, a notable contribution to Broad church literature; Acadian Legends and Lyrics; Letter-Writing: its Ethics and Etiquette; The Church of England in Nova Scotia; Tales of a Garrison Town (with C. L. Betts, supra).

=Eaton, Cyrus.= Me., 1784-1875. An educator of Maine who was totally blind for the last thirty years of his life. Annals of Warren, Maine; Woman, a poem; History of Thomaston, Maine.

=Eaton, Daniel Cady.= Mch., 1834-1895. Grandson of Amos Eaton, supra. A professor of botany at Yale University. The Ferns of North America; Ferns of the Southwest. Wn.

=Eaton, Daniel Cady.= N. Y., 1837- ----. Cousin of D. C. Eaton, supra. A professor of the history of art at Yale University, 1869-76. Handbook of Greek and Roman Sculpture. Hou.

=Eaton, Dorman Bridgeman.= Vt., 1823-1899. A jurist of New York city, prominent in civil service reform, who published Civil Service in Great Britain, and edited the seventh edition of Kent’s Commentaries. Har.

=Eaton, John Henry.= Tn., 1790-1856. A once noted politician who was secretary of war, 1829-31, and minister to Spain, 1836-40. He wrote a Life of Andrew Jackson.

=Eaton, Samuel John Mills.= Pa., 1820-1899. A Presbyterian clergyman of Franklin, Pennsylvania, 1848-82. Petroleum; History of Venango County, Pennsylvania; Lake Side; Jerusalem, the Holy City; Palestine.

=Eaton, Thomas Treadwell.= Tn., 1845- ----. A Baptist minister of Louisville. My Angels; Talks to Children; Marriage and Law; Talks on Getting Married.

=Eberle, John.= Pa., 1787-1838. A noted physician of Philadelphia, and later of Cincinnati. Botanical Terminology; Diseases and Physical Education of Children; Therapeutics and Materia Medica; Notes on Theory and Practice of Medicine. Lip.

=Eckard, James Read.= Pa., 1805-1887. A Presbyterian missionary to India. Faith and Justification (in the Tamil language); The Hindoo Traveller; Outline of English Law from Blackstone.

=Eddy, Ansel Doane.= Ms., 1798-1875. A Presbyterian clergyman of New York who published the Christian Citizen; Duties, Dangers, and Securities of Youth.

=Eddy, Clarence.= Ms., 1851- ----. An organist of Chicago. The Church and Concert Organist; The Organ in Church.

=Eddy, Daniel Clark.= Ms., 1823-1896. A Baptist clergyman of Boston, and subsequently of Brooklyn, who wrote extensively, some of his books having been very popular. Among them are The Percy Family, and Walter’s Tour in the East, two series of volumes for young readers; Young Man’s Friend; Young Woman’s Friend; The Burman Apostle, a life of Judson; Roger Williams and the Baptists; The Unitarian Apostasy; Europa, or Scenes in the Old World; Waiting at the Cross; Angel Whispers.

=Eddy, Henry Turner.= Ms., 1844- ----. A mathematician, since 1874 a professor in the University of Cincinnati. Analytical Geometry; Researches in Graphical Statics; Thermodynamics; Maximum Stress under Concentrated Loads.

=Eddy, Mrs. Mary Morse [Baker] [Glover] [Patterson].= N. H., 1822- ----. A resident of Concord, New Hampshire, widely known as the founder of the sect of Christian Scientists. Besides Christian Science; Science and Health, she has published a number of pamphlets on the general subject of Christian Science.

=Eddy, Richard.= R. I., 1828- ----. A Universalist clergyman of Melrose, Massachusetts. Universalism in America; History of the Sixtieth New York Regiment; The Martyr to Liberty.

=Eddy, Thomas.= Pa., 1758-1827. A philanthropist whose efforts were chiefly in the direction of prison reform, and who was the author of The State Prisons of New York. See Life by S. L. Knapp, 1834.

=Eddy, Thomas Mears.= O., 1823-1874. A Methodist minister of Chicago, who published Patriotism of Illinois, a history of that State during the Civil War.

=Eddy, Zachary.= Vt., 1815-1891. A Presbyterian minister of Augusta, Georgia. Immanuel, or the Life of Christ; Hymns of the Church; Songs of the Church.

=Edes, Henry Herbert.= Ms., 1849- ----. A Boston merchant of antiquarian tastes, who has published Charlestown’s Historic Points; Memorial of Josiah Barker.

=Edes, Robert Thaxter.= Me., 1838- ----. A physician of Washington. Nature and Time in the Cure of Diseases; Physiology and Pathology of the Sympathetic or Ganglionic Nervous System; Therapeutical Handbook of United States Pharmacopœia; Text Book of Therapeutics and Materia Medica.

=Edgar, Cornelius Henry.= N. J., 1811-1884. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Easton, Pennsylvania. Lectures on Slavery; Discourses on the Death of Lincoln; Curse of Canaan Rightly Interpreted; Exposition of the Nine Last Wars (1867).

=Edgren, August Hjalmar.= Sn., 1840- ----. A Swedish scholar who came to the United States in 1862, and served for a time in the Federal army, and afterwards in the Swedish army. Since 1884 he has been professor of languages in the University of Nebraska. Complete Sanskrit Grammar; German and English Dictionary (with W. D. Whitney, infra); The Literature of America (in Swedish); Public Schools and Colleges of the United States; Swedish Literature in America; American Antiquities.

=Edmonds, John Worth.= N. Y., 1799-1874. A prominent jurist of New York city, noted as an ardent defender of Spiritualism. Spiritualism (with G. T. Dexter); Reports of Select Law Cases; Letters and Tracts on Spiritualism.

=Edwards, Bela Bates.= Ms., 1802-1852. A Congregational clergyman, professor in Andover Theological Seminary, and editor of the Bibliotheca Sacra. He published an Eclectic Reader; Biography of Self-made Men; Memoirs of E. Cornelius; but his principal work was in the line of religious editorship. See Memoir by E. A. Parks, infra.

=Edwards, Charles.= E., 1797-1868. A New York lawyer who was counsel to the British consulate. The Juryman’s Guide; Parties to Bills and Other Pleadings; Feathers from my Own Wings; Receivers in Chancery; Reports of Chancery Cases; Receivers in Equity; Referees; History and Poetry of Finger Rings; Pleasantries about Courts and Lawyers.

=Edwards, Emory.= Va., 1841- ----. A naval engineer who served in the United States navy as assistant engineer, 1864-68, and was subsequently employed in a similar capacity in the merchant marine service. A Catechism of the Marine Steam Engine; Modern American Locomotive Engines; Modern American Marine Engines, Boilers, and Screw Propellers; The Practical Steam Engineer’s Guide. Bai.

=Edwards, George Wharton.= Ct., 1860- ----. An artist and writer of short stories living at Plainfield, New Jersey. P’tit Matinic’, and Other Monotones; Thumb-Nail Sketches; The Rivalries of Long and Short Codiac; Break o’ Day and Other Stories. Cent.

=Edwards, Harry Stillwell.= Ga., 1854- ----. A littérateur and journalist of Macon, Georgia. Two Runaways and Other Stories; Sons and Fathers. Cent. Ra.

=Edwards, James Thomas.= N. J., 1838- ----. A Methodist clergyman and educator of Baltimore. The Grass Family; The Voice Tree; The Silva of Chautauqua Lake.

=Edwards, John.= W., 1806-1887. A Welsh poet who came to America in 1828, and settled in central New York. He was long prominent amongst Welsh residents in the United States, and published two volumes of verse, The Crucifixion; The Omnipresence of God.

=Edwards, John Ellis.= N. C., 1814-1891. A Methodist clergyman of Richmond, Virginia. Life of John Wesley Childs; Random Sketches and Notes of European Travel; The Confederate Soldier; Log Meeting-House.

=Edwards, Jonathan.= Ct., 1703-1757. A Congregational clergyman who must be called the most subtle reasoner the New World has ever produced. He was the son of Timothy Edwards, a Congregational minister of East Windsor, Connecticut, and was minister at Northampton, Massachusetts, 1727-50. From 1751 to 1758 he served as missionary to the Stockbridge Indians, and the last month of his life was president of the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University). He was the greatest defender of Calvinism that has ever lived, and as a preacher had an extraordinary influence. His famous sermon, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,” is the best example of the pitiless, ferocious realism of his style. His chief work is the celebrated Inquiry into the Freedom of the Will, a masterpiece of acute, precise, and original thinking. His other works include Notes on the Mind and Natural Science, written when he was between 15 and 16 years of age; The Religious Affections; Distinguishing Marks of a Work of the Spirit; Nature of True Virtue; God’s Last End in the Creation; Treatise on Grace; Doctrine of Original Sin Defended; Inquiry into the Qualifications for Communion; Thoughts for the Revival of Religion; History of the Redemption; Life of David Brainerd. See Lives by S. E. Dwight, supra; S. Hopkins, infra; A. V. G. Allen, 1889, supra; Sparks’s American Biography, vol. 8; Tyler’s American Literature; Duyckinck’s Cyclopedia; Allibone’s Dictionary.

=Edwards, Jonathan, Jr.= Ms., 1745-1801. Son of Jonathan Edwards, supra. A Congregational clergyman of great ability who was president of Union College. Treatise on Liberty and Necessity; Discourses on the Atonement. See Memoir by Tryon Edwards, infra; Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit.

=Edwards, Justin.= Ms., 1787-1853. A Congregational clergyman, prominent in the temperance movement. Beside a Sabbath Manual; Temperance Manual, he published a great number of tracts. See Memoir by W. Hallock, 1854.

=Edwards, Morgan.= W., 1722-1795. A Welsh Baptist clergyman who came to America in 1761, and was the foremost colonial minister of his faith. He was one of the founders of Brown University. Materials Toward a History of the Baptists in Pennsylvania; Materials Toward a History of the Baptists in New Jersey.

=Edwards, Ninian Wirt.= Ky., 1809-1889. A prominent jurist of Illinois, son of Ninian Edwards, governor of that State. History of Illinois and Ninian Edwards.

=Edwards, Tryon.= Ct., 1809-1894. A grandson of Jonathan Edwards, Jr. A Congregational clergyman who edited the Works of Joseph Bellamy, supra, with Memoir; the Works of his grandfather; and published, among other works, Christianity a Philosophy of Principles; Self-Cultivation; Light for the Day; Wonders of the Word; Anecdotes for the Family.

=Edwards, William Emory.= Va., 1842-1903. Son of J. E. Edwards, supra. A Methodist clergyman of Virginia who was the author of John Newson, a Tale of College Life.

=Edwards, William Henry.= N. Y., 1822- ----. A naturalist of Coalburgh, West Virginia. The Butterflies of North America; Voyage up the Amazon. Hou.

=Egan, Maurice Francis.= Pa., 1852- ----. A journalist and littérateur, now professor at the Roman Catholic University of Notre Dame, Indiana. His prose writings include That Girl of Mine; That Lover of Mine; A Garden of Roses; Stories of Duty; The Life Around Us; The Theatre and Christian Parents; Modern Novelists; Lectures on English Literature; The Disappearance of Mr. Longworthy; A Primer of English Literature; A Gentleman; A Marriage of Reason; The Success of Patrick Desmond; The Flower of the Flock. In verse he has published Preludes; Songs and Sonnets, and Other Poems. Mg.

=Egar, John Hodson.= E., 1832- ----. An Episcopal clergyman of Rome, New York. The Threefold Grace of the Holy Trinity; Christendom, Ecclesiastical and Political.

=Eggleston, Edward.= Ind., 1837-1902. A novelist long resident near Lake George, New York, who, in the early part of his career, was a Methodist minister. He was especially successful in depicting life in southern Indiana in pioneer days, his first important work, The Hoosier Schoolmaster, attracting widespread notice. Other fictions by him include The End of the World; The Circuit Rider; Roxy; The Graysons, a story of Illinois; The Faith Doctor; The Hoosier Schoolboy; Queer Stories; Schoolmasters’ Stories for Boys and Girls; Mr. Blake’s Walking-Stick; Duffels. Still other works are Sunday-School Manual; Counsel for Teachers; School History of the United States; Household History of the United States; First Book in American History; Stories of Great Americans; The Beginners of a Nation, the first volume in a History of Life in the United States. In collaboration with his daughter, Mrs. Seelye, infra, he wrote Tecumseh and the Shawnee Prophet; Pocahontas; Brandt and Red Jacket; Montezuma. See Vedder’s American Writers. Am. Ap. Cent. Do. Scr.

=Eggleston, George Cary.= Ind., 1839- ----. Brother of E. Eggleston, supra. During the Civil War he served in the Confederate army, and afterwards filled several journalistic positions in New York city, becoming editor of the Commercial Advertiser in 1886. His writings are mainly for young people. How to Educate Yourself; A Man of Honor; A Rebel’s Recollections; How to Make a Living; How to Make Money; The Big Brother, or a Story of the Indian War; Captain Sam; Signal Boys; The Wreck of the Red Bird; Strange Stories from History for Young People; Red Eagle; Juggernaut: a Veiled Record (with Dolores Marbourg). Do. Fo. Har. Put.

=Egle, William Henry.= Pa., 1830-1901. A physician and local historian of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. History of Pennsylvania; History of Dauphin County; History of Lebanon County; Historical Register; Pennsylvania Genealogies, Scotch-Irish and German; Pennsylvania in the Revolution; Notes and Queries relative to Interior Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania Archives (edited with J. B. Linn, infra), in 12 volumes.

=Egleston, Thomas.= N. Y., 1832-1900. A metallurgist of note, professor of mineralogy at Columbia College from 1864. Metallurgy of Silver; Catalogue of Minerals; Lectures on Mineralogy; Life of John Patterson, Major-General in the Army of the Revolution. Wil.

=Eidlitz, Leopold.= Bo., 1823-1896. An architect of New York city. The Nature and Function of Art.

=Elder, Cyrus.= Pa., 1833- ----. Nephew of W. Elder, infra. A revenue commissioner of Pennsylvania. Dream of a Free-Trade Paradise; Man and Labor; Short Studies; May Gift, in verse.

=Elder, George A. M.= Ky., 1794-1838. A Roman Catholic priest who founded the College of St. Joseph, at Bardstown, Kentucky, and was its first president. He wrote Letters to Brother Jonathan.

=Elder, Mrs. Susan [Blanchard].= La., 1835- ----. A littérateur of New Orleans who has written extensively for Roman Catholic periodicals. The Loss of the Papacy; James the Second; Savonarola; Ellen Fitzgerald, a Southern tale.

=Elder, William.= Pa., 1806-1885. A Philadelphia physician, prominent as an abolitionist. Periscopics, a volume of miscellanies; The Enchanted Beauty; Life of Dr. Kane, infra; The Debt and Resources of the United States (1863); Questions of the Day, Economic and Social; Conversations on the Principal Subjects of Political Economy. Bai.

=Eliot, Charles William.= Ms., 1834- ----. Son of S. A. Eliot, infra. A distinguished educator who has been president of Harvard University since 1869. Manual of Qualitative Chemical Analysis; Manual of Inorganic Chemistry (with Storer).

=Eliot, Jared.= Ct., 1685-1763. Grandson of John Eliot, 1st, infra. A Congregational clergyman of Killingworth, Connecticut, 1707-63, famous in his day as an agriculturist, physician, and scientist. He was awarded a medal by the London Institute in 1786 “for producing malleable iron from American Black Sand.” Essays upon Field and Husbandry, and many single sermons.

=Eliot, John.= E., 1604-1690. A Puritan minister of Roxbury who came to America in 1631, and is famous in history as the “Indian Apostle.” He is chiefly remembered for his famous translation of the Bible into the Indian language, but he was the author of other works, among which are the Communion of Churches; The Harmony of the Gospels; Dying Speeches of Several Indians; The Indian Primer; Indian Logic Primer. See Sparks’s American Biography; Life by R. B. Caverly; Appleton’s American Biography; Hart’s American Literature.

=Eliot, John.= Ms., 1754-1813. A clergyman of Boston, pastor of the New North Congregational church, 1779-1813, and author of the New England Biographical Dictionary.

=Eliot, Samuel Atkins.= Ms., 1798-1862. A citizen of Boston who was mayor 1837-39, and published Observations on the Bible for the Use of Young Persons; Sketch of the History of Harvard College.

=Eliot, Samuel.= Ms., 1821-1898. A New England educator of prominence, at one time president of Trinity College. History of Liberty; Manual of United States History; Life and Times of Savonarola.

=Eliot, William Greenleaf.= Ms., 1811-1887. A Unitarian clergyman of St. Louis, chancellor of Washington University there, 1872-87. Doctrines of Christianity; Early Religious Education; Lectures to Young Men; Lectures to Young Women; Discipline of Sorrow; Manual of Prayer; The Unity of God; The Story of Archer Alexander from Slavery to Freedom; Home Life and Influence. A. U. A.

=Ellet, Charles.= Pa., 1810-1862. An engineer of note who built the first wire suspension bridge in America. He served during the Civil War as a colonel in the Federal army, and was killed in an engagement on the Mississippi. Physical Geography of the Mississippi Valley; Coast and Harbor Defences; The Mississippi and Ohio Rivers, with Plans for Protecting the Delta from Inundation. Lip.

=Ellet, Mrs. Elizabeth Fries [Lummis].= N. Y., 1818-1877. A once popular miscellaneous writer whose historical works were the outcome of a good deal of research and are not without value, but whose productions as a whole have little of the quality of permanence. They include Domestic History of the American Revolution; Women of the American Revolution; Court Circles of the Republic; Queens of American Society; Pioneer Women of the West; Novelettes of the Musicians; Rambles in the West; The Practical Housekeeper; Family Pictures from the Bible; Evenings at Woodlawn; Poems, Original and Selected; Teresa Contarini, a tragedy; Scenes in the Life of Joanna of Sicily; The Characters of Schiller; Women Artists in All Ages. Har.

=Ellinwood, Frank Fields.= N. Y., 1826- ----. A Presbyterian clergyman, secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. The Great Conquest; Oriental Religions and Christianity. Scr.

=Elliot, Benjamin.= S. C., 1786-1836. A South Carolina jurist who published Refutation of Calumnies respecting the Institution and Existence of Slavery; The Militia System of South Carolina.

=Elliot, George Henry.= Ms., 1831-1900. A military engineer in the service of the United States. European Light-House Systems; The Presidio of San Francisco.

=Elliot, Henry Rutherford.= 1849- ----. A journalist of New York city. The Basset Claim, a Story of Life in Washington; The Common Chord, a Story of the Ninth Ward. Cas.

=Elliot, Samuel Hayes.= Vt., 1809-1869. A Congregational clergyman of New Haven. Rolling Ridge, or the Book of Four-and-Twenty Chapters; The Parish Side; Dreams and Realities; New England’s Chattels, or Life in a Northern Poor-House; The Attractions of New Haven.

=Elliott, Charles.= I., 1792-1869. A Methodist clergyman, at one period president of Iowa Wesleyan University. Treatise on Baptism; Delineation of Roman Catholicism; Life of Bishop Roberts; History of the Great Secession from the Methodist Episcopal Church; Political Romanism; Reminiscences of the Wyandotte Mission; Southwestern Methodism; The Bible and Slavery; Sinfulness of American Slavery. Meth.

=Elliott, Charles.= S., 1815-1892. A Presbyterian minister, professor of Hebrew at Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania. The Sabbath; The Inspiration of the Holy Scriptures; Vindication of the Mosaic Authorship of the Pentateuch.

=Elliott, Charles Wyllys.= Ct., 1817-1883. A New York writer, at one time a landscape gardener of note. The Book of American Interiors; Pottery and Porcelain; Remarkable Characters and Places in the Holy Land; Cottages and Cottage Life; Mysteries, or Glimpses of the Supernatural; St. Domingo, its Revolution and its Hero, Toussaint l’Ouverture; New England History, from its Discovery by the Northmen; Wind and Whirlwind, a novel. Ap. Hou.

=Elliott, Ezekiel Brown.= Sn., 1823-1888. A government statistician of note. Unification of International Coinage.

=Elliott, Franklin Reuben.= Ct., 1817-1878. A horticulturist of Cleveland. The Western Fruit Book; Popular Deciduous and Evergreen Trees; Handbook for Fruit Growers; Handbook of Practical Landscape Gardening.

=Elliott, Henry Wood.= O., 1846- ----. Son of F. R. Elliott, supra. An artist in the employ of the Smithsonian Institution. Monograph of the Seal Islands of Alaska; Our Arctic Provinces. Scr.

=Elliott, John.= Ct., 1768-1824. A Congregational minister at Madison, Connecticut, 1791-1824, co-author with S. Johnson of the first American dictionary of the English language.

=Elliott, Jonathan.= E., 1784-1846. A publicist of Washington who published American Diplomatic Code; Debate on Adoption of the Constitution; Funding System of the United States; Statistics of the United States; The Comparative Tariffs; Sketches of the District of Columbia. Lip.

=Elliott, Mrs. Maud [Howe].= Ms., 1855- ----. Daughter of S. G. Howe, infra. A fiction-writer of Chicago. Atalanta in the South; Mammon; A Newport Aquarelle; The San Rosario Ranch; Honor; Phyllida. Mer. Rob.

=Elliott, Sarah Barnwell.= 18-- - ----. Granddaughter of S. Elliott, infra. Jerry; John Paget, a novel of New York and Newport; The Felmeres. Ho.

=Elliott, Stephen.= S. C., 1771-1830. A naturalist of South Carolina, and a professor in the State Medical College. His son Stephen, 1800-1866, was the first Episcopal bishop of Georgia, and his grandson, Robert Woodward Barnwell Elliott, 1840-1887, the first bishop of Western Texas. The Botany of South Carolina and Georgia.

=Elliott, William.= S. C., 1788-1863. Nephew of S. Elliott, supra. A politician of Beaufort, South Carolina, who published the tragedy of Fiesco; Carolina Sports by Land and Water.

=Ellis, Charles Mayo.= Ms., 1818-1878. A Boston lawyer of prominence as an abolitionist, who published a History of Roxbury.

=Ellis, Edward Sylvester.= O., 1840- ----. A popular writer of school text-books and juvenile tales, who was for a number of years an instructor in Trenton, New Jersey. Among his numerous writings are included The People’s Standard History of the United States; several school histories of the United States; From the Throttle to the President’s Chair; Lost in Samoa; The Camp Fires of General Lee; The Hunters of the Ozark; The Last War Trail; Righting the Wrong; Up the Tapajos; Down the Mississippi; Life of Daniel Boone; Storm Mountain. Am. Cas. Co. Mer.

=Ellis, George Edward.= Ms., 1814-1894. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston who was pastor of the Harvard Church in Charlestown, 1840-69, and for many years president of the Massachusetts Historical Society. He was an enthusiastic historical student with positive convictions. They were, however, held without bitterness or prejudice. A Half Century of the Unitarian Controversy; Evidences of Christianity; The Red Man and the White in North America; The Organ and Church Music; Aims and Purposes of the Founders of Massachusetts; Memoirs of Count Rumford, Jared Sparks, Jacob Bigelow, Luther Bell, and others; Lives of John Mason, Anne Hutchinson, and William Penn, in Sparks’s American Biography; History of the Battle of Bunker Hill. The Puritan Age and Rule in the Colony of the Massachusetts Bay is his most important work. Hou. Lit.

=Ellis, Sumner.= Ms., 1828-1886. A Universalist clergyman of Boston and Chicago. At Our Best, and Other Essays; Life of E. H. Chapin, supra; Hints on Preaching. See Memorial by C. R. Moor, 1887. Meth.

=Ellsworth, Erastus Wolcott.= Ct., 1822- ----. An inventor of Connecticut who published in 1855 a volume of poems of very uneven excellence, some of which were popular for a time.

=Ellsworth, Henry Leavitt.= Ct., 1791-1858. A commissioner of patents who was a son of the noted jurist, Oliver Ellsworth. Digest of Patents from 1770 to 1859.

=Ellsworth, Henry William.= Ct., 1814-1864. Son of H. L. Ellsworth. A lawyer of Indiana. Sketch of the Upper Mississippi Valley; American Swine-Breeder.

=Ellsworth, Mrs. Mary Wolcott [Janvrin].= N. H., 1830-1870. A writer for periodicals. Peace, or the Stolen Will; An Hour with the Children; Smith’s Saloon.

=Ellwanger, George Herman.= N. Y., 1848- ----. Brother of H. B. Ellwanger, infra. A writer of Rochester, New York. The Garden’s Story; The Story of My House; In Gold and Silver; Idyllists of the Country-Side. Love’s Demesne, a Garland of Contemporary Love Poems. Ap. Do.

=Ellwanger, Henry Brooks.= N. Y., 1851-1883. A horticulturist of Rochester, New York. The Rose, a Treatise on Cultivation, History, etc., of Roses. Do.

=Elmendorf, John James.= N. Y., 1827-1896. An Episcopal clergyman, professor of philosophy in Racine College, Wisconsin, 1867-88, and later connected with the Western Theological Seminary at Chicago. Manual of Rites and Ritual; History of Philosophy; Outlines of Logic; Aspects of Modern Philosophy; Moral Philosophy.

=Elmer, Lucius Quintus Cincinnatus.= N. J., 1793-1883. A jurist of Bridgeton, New Jersey, who published a Digest of the Laws of New Jersey, commonly styled “Nixon’s Digest;” Genealogy of the Elmer Family; History of Cumberland County; History of New Jersey.

=Elsberg, Louis.= P., 1836-1885. A physician of New York city. Laryngoscopal Medication; The Throat and its Functions.

=Elson, Louis Charles.= Ms., 1848- ----. A Boston journalist, editor of the Vox Humana. History of Music; History of German Song; Curiosities of Music. Dit.

=Elton, Romeo.= Ct., 1790-1870. A once prominent clergyman of the Baptist faith, at one time a professor in Brown University, who was author of a Life of Roger Williams.

=Elwell, Edward Henry.= Me., 1825-1890. A journalist of Portland, Maine. Portland and Vicinity; The Boys of Thirty-Five, a Story of a Seaport Town.

=Elwyn, Alfred Langdon.= N. H., 1804-1884. A noted Philadelphia philanthropist. Bonaparte, a poem; Glossary of Supposed Americanisms; Melancholy and its Musings; Hints to the City on Intemperance.

=Ely, Ezra Stiles.= Ct., 1786-1861. A Presbyterian minister of Philadelphia. Contrast between Calvinism and Hopkinsianism; Endless Punishment; The Science of the Human Mind; Sermons on Faith; Visits of Mercy; Memoir of Zebulon Ely; The Contrast; Ely’s Journal.

=Ely, Richard Theodore.= N. Y., 1854- ----. A political economist of distinction, professor of political economy at Wisconsin University since 1892. French and German Socialism in Modern Times; The Past and Present of Political Economy; Taxation in American States and Cities; Problems of To-Day; Political Economy; Social Aspects of Christianity; Outlines of Economics. See Bibliography of Wisconsin. Fl. Har. Meth.

=Embury, Mrs. Emma Catharine [Manly].= N. Y., 1806-1863. A writer of verse and prose whose home was in Brooklyn. Her various works include Guido and Other Poems; The Blind Girl and Other Tales; The Waldorf Family, a Fairy Tale; Female Education; Glimpses of Home Life; Pictures of Early Life; Poems; Token of Flowers; Nature’s Gems, or American Wild Flowers; Love’s Token Flowers, a collection of verse.

=Emerson, Alfred.= Pa., 1859- ----. An archæologist, professor at Cornell University since 1891. Dissertatio de Hercule Homerico.

=Emerson, Charles Noble.= Ms., 1821-1869. A Massachusetts lawyer, commissioner of revenue, who published Internal Revenue Guide; Handbook of Internal Revenue for Popular Use.

=Emerson, Edward Waldo.= Ms., 1844- ----. Son of R. W. Emerson, infra. An instructor in art anatomy, living at Concord, Massachusetts. Emerson in Concord. Hou.

=Emerson, Mrs. Ellen [Russell].= Ms., 1837- ----. A Boston writer upon art and Indian mythology. Indian Myths; Masks, Heads, and Faces, with Considerations Respecting the Rise and Development of Art. Hou.

=Emerson, Frederick.= N. H., 1788-1857. A once prominent Boston educator who published a series of popular arithmetics, chief among which was the North American Arithmetic.

=Emerson, George Barrell.= Me., 1797-1881. An educator of Boston of much prominence and wide influence. Lectures on Education; The School and the Schoolmaster (with A. Potter, infra); Manual of Agriculture (with C. L. Flint); Report on the Trees and Shrubs of Massachusetts; Reminiscences of an Old Teacher. See Harvard Register, May, 1881. Lit.

=Emerson, Joseph.= N. H., 1777-1833. A New England clergyman and educator, author of Lectures on the Millennium. See Life by R. Emerson, infra.

=Emerson, Ralph.= N. H., 1787-1862. Brother of J. Emerson, supra. A Congregational clergyman, professor in Andover Theological Seminary, 1829-53, and author of Life of Joseph Emerson, and translation of Wisgon’s Augustinianism and Pelagianism.

=Emerson, Ralph Waldo.= Ms., 1803-1882. The most distinguished of American essayists, and by some critics ranked as the foremost American poet when the substance of his poetry is considered apart from its form. He was ordained in 1829 as a Unitarian minister in Boston, but retired from the profession in 1833, and the next year settled in Concord, Massachusetts, where the remainder of his life was spent. He succeeded Margaret Fuller as editor of The Dial, and was the most prominent figure among the Transcendentalists. As a lecturer he was frequently before the public, and in his writings faced a world-wide public as a philosophical thinker. His first volume of Poems appeared in 1847, followed in 1867 by May-Day and Other Pieces. His prose writings are comprised in Nature; Essays, first and second series; Representative Men; English Traits; Conduct of Life; Society and Solitude; Letters and Social Aims; Lectures and Biographical Sketches; Miscellanies; Natural History of Intellect, and Other Papers. See Scribner’s Magazine, February, 1879; Century Magazine, April, 1883; Fraser’s Magazine, May, 1867; Harper’s Magazine, February, 1884; Conway’s Emerson at Home and Abroad; Correspondence between Carlyle and Emerson; Benton’s Emerson as a Poet; Emerson in Concord; Appletons’ American Biography; Stedman’s American Poets; Lives by Cabot (1887), Garnett, Ireland, Holmes, Cooke; Guernsey’s Emerson as Poet and Philosopher; Nichol’s American Literature; Richardson’s American Literature; New England Magazine, December, 1896; Emerson-Stirling Letters; Atlantic Monthly, January, and February, 1897; Peterson’s Magazine, February, 1897; The Forum, November, 1896; The Arena, March, 1896. Hou.

=Emerton, Ephraim.= Ms., 1851- ----. A professor of history at Harvard University. Introduction to the Study of Mediæval History; Synopsis of the History of Continental Europe; The Practical Method in Higher Historical Instruction; Sir William Temple und die Tripleallianz vom Jahre 1668; Mediæval Europe, 814-1300. Gi.

=Emerton, James Henry.= Ms., 1847- ----. A naturalist of eminence. Structure and Habits of Spiders; Life on the Seashore. Wn.

=Emmerton, James Arthur.= Ms., 1834-1888. A New England genealogist and physician. Eighteenth Century Baptisms in Salem, Massachusetts; Record of the 23d Massachusetts Regiment; Materials towards an Emmerton Genealogy.

=Emmet, Thomas Addis.= I., 1764-1827. An Irish patriot who came to the United States in 1804 and settled in New York city, where he practiced law. He was a brother of the famous Robert Emmet. Pieces of Irish History. See Memoir by C. G. Haynes.

=Emmet, Thomas Addis.= Va., 1828- ----. Grandson of T. A. Emmet, supra. A physician and surgeon of New York city, whose chief work is The Principles and Practice of Gynecology.

=Emmons, Ebenezer.= Ms., 1799-1863. A noted geologist who in the latter part of his life was attached to the State geological survey of North Carolina. Manual of Mineralogy and Geology; American Geology.

=Emmons, George Foster.= Vt., 1811-1884. A rear-admiral in the United States service who wrote The Navy of the United States from 1775 to 1853.

=Emmons, Nathanael.= Ct., 1745-1840. A once noted Congregational minister at Franklin, Massachusetts, 1773-1840. His theological works in six volumes, with Memoir by J. Ide, appeared in 1842. A later edition contains a Memoir by E. H. Park, infra. See Sprague’s Annals of the American Pulpit.

=Emmons, Samuel Franklin.= Ms., 1841- ----. A geologist in government service. Descriptive Geology; Geological and Mining Industries of Leadville; Statistics and Technology of the Precious Metals (with G. F. Becker, supra).

=Emory, John.= =Md.=, 1789-1835. A Methodist bishop of prominence in his denomination. The Divinity of Christ Vindicated; Defence of Our Fathers. See Life by R. Emory, infra. Meth.

=Emory, Robert.= Pa., 1814-1848. Son of J. Emory, supra. A Methodist minister and educator who was president of Dickinson College, Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 1842-48. Life of Bishop Emory; History of the Discipline of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Meth.

=Emory, William Helmsley.= Md., 1811-1887. Cousin of J. Emory, supra. An army officer who retired from the United States service in 1876 with the rank of brigadier-general. Notes of a Military Reconnoissance in Missouri and California, 1848; Report on the United States and Mexican Boundary Commission.

=Endicott, Charles Moses.= Ms., 1793-1863. A writer of Salem, Massachusetts, who was at one time commander of a merchantman. Life of John Endicott; The Persian Poet, a tragedy; Rights and Duties of Nations; Three Orations.

=Endress, Christian.= Pa., 1755-1827. A Lutheran clergyman of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who published in German The Kingdom of Heaven not Susceptible of Union with Temporal Monarchy and Aristocracy.

=Engelmann, George Julius.= Mo., 1847-1903. A St. Louis physician, founder of the Polyclinic School of Medicine in that city. Labor among Primitive Peoples, or the Development of Obstetric Science.

=England, John.= I., 1786-1842. A Roman Catholic prelate who was appointed bishop of Charleston in 1820, and came to America in that year. He was eminent as a lecturer and orator, whose influence both within and without his church was widespread and beneficent. Letters on Slavery are among his writings. See Works, 8 vols., 1849.

=Engles, William Morrison.= Pa., 1797-1867. A Presbyterian minister of Philadelphia, for many years editor of The Presbyterian. Records of the Presbyterian Church; English Martyrology; Sick-Room Devotion; Bible Dictionary; Sailor’s Companion; Soldier’s Pocket Book.

=English, George Bethune.= Ms., 1787-1828. A versatile adventurer who wrote The Grounds of Christianity Examined, which was answered by Edward Everett, and this brought a rejoinder from English entitled Five Smooth Stones out of the Brook. He published also Narrative of the Expedition to Dongola and Sennaar.

=English, Thomas Dunn.= Pa., 1819-1902. A physician and poet of Newark, New Jersey, widely known by his famous song Ben Bolt, first published in 1843. His various writings include Walter Woolfe, a novel; Poems; 1844, or the Power of the S. F., a political satire; Ambrose Fecit, or the Peer and the Painter; American Ballads; Book of Battle Lyrics; Jacob Schuyler’s Millions. Har.

=Errett, Isaac.= N. Y., 1820-1888. A Campbellite clergyman of Cincinnati. Debate on Spiritualism; Brief View of Missions; Walks about Jerusalem; Talks to Bereans; Letters to Young Christians; Evenings with the Bible, comprise the most of his writing.

=Esling, Mrs. Catherine Harbeson [Waterman].= Pa., 1812- ----. A verse-writer of Philadelphia who published The Broken Bracelet and Other Poems in 1850.

=Esling, Charles Henry Augustine.= Pa., 1845- ----. A lawyer of Philadelphia, author of Life of Saint Germaine Cousin, the Shepherdess of Pibrae.

=Espy, James Pollard.= Pa., 1785-1860. A meteorologist of Philadelphia, sometimes called “the storm king,” who published The Philosophy of Storms (1841).

=Evans, Augusta Jones.= See Wilson, Mrs. Augusta.

=Evans, Edward Payson.= N. Y., 1833- ----. An Oriental scholar who has lived chiefly in Europe. Abriss der deutschen Literaturgeschichte; Progressive German Reader; translation of Stahr’s Life and Works of Lessing.

=Evans, Mrs. Elizabeth Edson [Gibson].= R. I., 1833- ----. Wife of E. P. Evans, supra. The Abuse of Maternity; Laura, an American Girl; The Story of Kaspar Hauser; The Story of Louis XVII. of France.

=Evans, Frederick William.= E., 1808-1893. An elder among the Shakers of Lebanon, New York, from 1838. He wrote and lectured much, and possessed great influence in his sect. Compendium of Origin, History, and Doctrines of Shakers; Shaker Communism; Autobiography of a Shaker; Second Appearing of Christ; Test of Divine Inspiration, are his chief works.

=Evans, Hugh Davy.= Md., 1792-1868. A Baltimore lawyer, conspicuous for loyalty to the Union during the Civil War, who wrote on legal and High Church topics. Essay on Pleading; Maryland Common Law Practice; Essay on the Episcopate; Treatise on the Christian Doctrine of Marriage; Essays on the Validity of Anglican Ordination; Theophilus Americanus. Hou.

=Evans, Lewis.= Circa 1700-1756. A surveyor and geographer of Philadelphia who published Geographical, Historical, Political, and Mechanical Essays.

=Evans, Mrs. Lizzie Phelps [Esterbrook].= Ms., 1846- ----. A writer of Somerville, Massachusetts. Aunt Nabby; From Summer to Summer.

=Evans, Nathaniel.= Pa., 1742-1767. An Episcopal clergyman stationed as a missionary in Gloucester County, New Jersey. Poems on Several Occasions, with Memoir by Wm. Smith, appeared in 1772.

=Evans, Oliver.= Del., 1755-1819. A once famous inventor who constructed the first high-pressure steam-engine. The Young Engineer’s Guide; Miller and Millwright’s Guide.

=Evans= [ĭv´anz], =Thomas.= Pa., 1798-1868. A Quaker controversialist of Philadelphia who was an active opponent of the doctrines of Thomas Hicks, infra, and published an Exposition of the Faith of the Religious Society of Friends.

=Evans, Thomas Wiltberger.= Pa., 1823-1897. A famous dentist, resident in Paris from 1848, through whose aid the Empress Eugénie escaped from that city in 1870. History of the American Ambulance in Paris during the Siege, 1870-71; Sanitary Institutions during the Austro-Prussian-Italian Conflict, 1868; Lettres sur le Gouvernement des États Unis; La Commission Sanitaire des États Unis.

=Eve, Paul Fitzsimmons.= Ga., 1806-1877. A distinguished surgeon of Nashville during the Civil War, surgeon-general of the Confederate army of Tennessee. Collection of Remarkable Cases in Surgery; One Hundred Cases of Lithotomy; The Inhumanity of Capital Punishment by Hanging.

=Everest, Harvey William.= N. Y., 1831- ----. A clergyman and educator of the Christian denomination. The Divine Demonstration: a Text-Book of Christian Evidence.

=Everett, Alexander Hill.= Ms., 1792-1847. Brother of E. Everett, infra. An able member of the diplomatic service of the United States who was minister to Spain, 1825-29, and to the Chinese Empire at the time of his death. Critical and Miscellaneous Essays; Poems; Europe: a General Survey; America: a General Survey. See Allibone’s Dictionary.

=Everett, Charles Carroll.= Me., 1829-1900. A Unitarian clergyman of Cambridge, dean of the theological faculty of Harvard University from 1878, and a profound and independent philosophical thinker. The Science of Thought; Religions before Christianity; Fichte’s Science of Knowledge, a Critical Exposition; Poetry, Comedy, and Duty; Ethics for Young People; The Gospel of Paul. Gi. Hou. Sc.

=Everett, David.= Ms., 1770-1813. A Boston journalist who wrote the famous lines beginning,--

“You’d scarce expect one of my age To speak in public on the stage.”

Common Sense in Déshabillé, or the Farmer’s Monitor; Daranzel, or the Persian Poet, a tragedy.

=Everett, Edward.= Ms., 1794-1865. A distinguished Massachusetts statesman famous for his oratory. He was ordained to the Unitarian ministry in 1813, but soon retired from the profession and entered political life, becoming a congressman in 1825. After that date he was successively governor of Massachusetts, president of Harvard College, and secretary of state. He achieved a wide popularity, and his literary style was greatly admired. His work has, however, failed to retain its hold upon attention, and his polished sentences now find a constantly lessening circle of readers. Defence of Christianity; Orations and Speeches; Mount Vernon Papers; Importance of Practical Education. See Whipple’s Character and Characteristic Men; Allibone’s Dictionary; Appleton’s American Biography. Lit.

=Everett, Edward Franklin.= Ms., 1840-1899. A Boston genealogist who published genealogies of the families of Capen and Everett.

=Everett, Erastus.= Ms., 1813-1900. An educator once prominent in Brooklyn. System of English Versification; Progress, a poem.

=Everett, William.= Ms., 1839- ----. Son of E. Everett, supra. At one time an instructor in Harvard University, afterward master of the Adams Academy at Quincy, Massachusetts, member of Congress in 1893, and an active political speaker. College Essays; On the Cam: Lecture on Cambridge University; the poem Hesione, or Europe Unchained; School Sermons. His books for boys include Thine not Mine; Changing Base; Double Play. Rob.

=Everhart, Benjamin Mablack.= Pa., 1818-1904. A Pennsylvania botanist, co-author with J. B. Ellis of The North American Pyrenomycetes.

=Everhart, James Bowen.= Pa., 1821-1888. Brother of B. M. Everhart, supra. A Pennsylvanian politician and congressman who published Miscellanies; Poems; The Fox Chase, a Poem.

=Everts, Orpheus.= Ind., 1826- ----. A physician of Cincinnati. Giles & Co., or Views and Interviews concerning Civilization; What Shall we Do with the Drunkard? Clke.

=Everts, William Wallace.= N. Y., 1814-1890. A Baptist clergyman of Chicago, and later of Jersey City, among whose many published works are included The Pastor’s Hand-Book; Bible Prayer-Book; The Voyage of Life; Manhood, its Duties and Responsibilities; Promise and Training of Childhood; Words in Earnest; The Baptist Layman’s Book; The Sabbath; The Christian Apostolate; Life of John Foster. Bap. Fu. Rev.

=Ewbank, Thomas.= E., 1792-1870. A scientist of New York, at one period commissioner of patents. Thoughts on Matter and Force; Hydraulics; The World a Workshop; Life in Brazil; Experiments in Marine Propulsion; Reminiscences in the Patent Office. Har. Scr.

=Ewell, Marshall Davis.= Mch., 1844- ----. A lawyer of Chicago, and professor of law in Union College of Law in Chicago. Blackwell on Tax Titles; Treatise on the Law of Fixtures; Essentials of the Law; Manual of Medical Jurisprudence.

=Ewer, Ferdinand Cartwright.= Ms., 1826-1883. An Episcopal clergyman of New York city of the extreme ritualistic school, whose Sermons on the Failure of Protestantism attracted much attention at the time of their delivery. His other writings include The Operation of the Holy Spirit; Grammar of Theology; Two Eventful Nights, or the Fallibility of Spiritualism Exposed; Sanctity and Other Sermons. See American Church Review, December, 1883; Sermons of, with Memoir by C. T. Congdon, supra.

=Ewing, Finis.= Va., 1773-1841. A Presbyterian clergyman who with two others organized the Cumberland Presbyterian church in 1810. Lectures on Divinity is an exposition of the doctrines of the sect.

=Ewing, Hugh Boyle.= O., 1826- ----. A general in the Federal army during the Civil War, and minister to the Netherlands, 1866-70. A Castle in the Air; Ladron, a Tale of Early California.

=Ewing, John.= Md., 1732-1802. A Presbyterian clergyman of Philadelphia, provost of the University of Pennsylvania, 1777-1802, and eminent in his day as a scientific observer. He published an Account of the Transit of Venus, and his Lectures on Natural Philosophy were issued after his death.

=Eyster, Mrs. Nellie [Blessing].= Md., 1831- ----. A writer for young people, formerly living in Pennsylvania, now in California. Sunny Hours; Chincapin Charlie; Tom Harding; Lionel Wintour’s Diary; A Colonial Boy. Lo.

F

=Fabbri, Cora Randall.= N. Y., 1871-1892. A verse-writer of Italian descent whose volume of Lyrics was published but a few days before her death. Har.

=Fabens, Joseph Warren.= Ms., 1821-1875. A native of Salem, Massachusetts, who was an envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the Dominican republic. The Camel Hunt, a Narrative of Personal Adventure; Story of Life on the Isthmus; Facts about Santo Domingo; The Last Cigar, and Eight Other Poems; In the Tropics (probably).

=Fairbairn, Robert Brinckerhoff.= N. Y., 1818-1899. An Episcopal clergyman, warden of St. Stephen’s College, Annandale, New York. The Child of Faith; Sermons Preached at St. Stephen’s; Morality in its Relation to the Grace of Redemption; Unity of Faith as Influenced by Speculative Philosophy. Wh.

=Fairbanks, George Rainsford.= N. Y., 1820- ----. A Confederate officer during the Civil War; since 1880 a resident of Fernandina, Florida. History and Antiquities of St. Augustine; History of Florida, 1512-1842.

=Fairchild, Ashbel Green.= N. J., 1795-1864. A Presbyterian clergyman of Pennsylvania, among whose writings are The Great Supper, long a popular defence of Calvinism; Baptism; Faith and Works; Confession of Faith.

=Fairchild, Herman Le Roy.= Pa., 1850- ----. A lecturer on natural science who has written a History of the New York Academy of Sciences.

=Fairchild, James Harris.= Ms., 1817-1902. A Congregational clergyman, president of Oberlin College, 1866-89. Moral Philosophy; Needed Phases of Christianity; Oberlin, the Colony and the College; Elements of Theology; Woman’s Right to the Ballot.

=Fairfield, Francis Gerry.= Ct., 1844-1887. A New York city journalist who was in early life a Lutheran minister. The Clubs of New York; Ten Years with Spiritual Mediums. Ap.

=Fairfield, Genevieve Genevra.= N. Y., 1832- ----. Daughter of S. L. Fairfield, infra. Genevra, or the History of a Portrait; The Vice-President’s Daughter; The Wife of Two Husbands; The Innkeeper’s Daughter; Irene.

=Fairfield, Mrs. Jane Frazee.= N. J., c. 1810- ----. Wife of S. L. Fairfield, infra, of whom she wrote a Life in 1846. She afterwards published an Autobiography.

=Fairfield, Sumner Lincoln.= Ms., 1803-1844. An educator of Philadelphia and elsewhere, and an ambitious versifier, whose work received very little attention from the public. Abaddon, the Spirit of Destruction; Lays of Melpomene; The Sisters of St. Clara; Cities of the Plain; The Heir of the World; The Last Night of Pompeii; Poems and Prose Writings; Select Poems (1860). See Griswold’s Poets and Poetry of America.

=Fales, Edward Lippitt.= 18-- - ----. Underneath the Mistletoe, and Other Poems; Songs and Song Legends of Dahkotah Land.

=Fall, Charles Gershom.= Ms., 1845- ----. A lawyer of Boston. Dreams, a volume of verse; A Village Sketch and Other Poems; Employers’ Liability for Personal Injuries to their Employés.

=Fallows, Samuel.= E., 1835- ----. A bishop of the Reformed Episcopal faith. In early life he was a Methodist minister, and during the Civil War a brigadier-general in the Federal army. He left Methodism for the Reformed Episcopal church in 1875, and was advanced to the episcopate the next year. The Bible Story for Young People; Complete Hand-Book of Synonyms and Antonyms; Hand-Book of Abbreviations and Contractions; Hand-Book of Briticisms, Americanisms, etc.; The Home Beyond, or Views of Heaven; Past Noon; Complete Dictionary of Synonyms and Antonyms. He has edited a Supplemental Dictionary of the English Language. Meth. Rev.

=Fanning, David.= N. C., c. 1756-1825. A once famous freebooter who acted with the royalists during the American Revolution, and was one of those persons exempted by name from benefits of the general pardon. He was the author of a Narrative of Adventures in North Carolina, edited by J. H. Wheeler, and printed privately in 1861.

=Fanning, John Thomas.= Ct., 1837- ----. A distinguished civil engineer of Minneapolis, whose Treatise on Water Supply Engineering has had wide circulation.

=Farley, Harriet.= N. H., 1817- ----. A factory operative of Lowell who, in 1841 and subsequently, edited The Lowell Offering, a periodical to which she and her companions in the mills were the contributors. It attracted much attention, from its literary character. A selection from its pages, Mind among the Spindles, was published in London in 1849. Shells from the Strand of Genius is partly original and partly selected. Fancy’s Frolics, a juvenile work, appeared many years later.

=Farlow, William Gilson.= Ms., 1844- ----. A professor of botany in Harvard University since 1874, and the foremost American authority on cryptogamic botany. Marine Algæ of New England; The Black Knot; The Gymnosporangia of the United States; Index of Fungi; The Potato Rot; Diseases of Orange and Olive Trees.

=Farman, Ella.= See Pratt, Mrs.

=Farmer, Henry Tudor.= E., 1782-1828. A writer of English birth who came to America in early life and settled in Charleston. He published Imagination (1819); The Maniac’s Dream, and Other Poems.

=Farmer, John.= Ms., 1789-1838. A genealogist of New England, whose Genealogical Register of the First Settlers of New England is a much valued work. His other writings include History of Billerica; History of Amherst; Gazetteer of New Hampshire; and an edition, with notes, of Belknap’s History of New Hampshire. See Savage’s edition of the Register, 1862; Memorial by Le Bosquet.

=Farmer, John.= N. Y., 1798-1859. A noted cartographer of Detroit who published A Gazetteer of Michigan.

=Farmer, Mrs. Lydia [Hoyt].= O., 1842-1903. A miscellaneous writer of Cleveland. Aunt Belindy’s Points of View; Boys’ Book of Famous Rulers; A Story Book of Science; Girls’ Book of Famous Queens; The Prince of the Flaming Star, an Operetta; Life of Lafayette; A Short History of the French Revolution; A Knight of Faith; A Moral Inheritance; The Doom of the Holy City. Cr. Lo. Mer. Ran.

=Farmer, Silas.= Mch., 1839-1902. Son of J. Farmer, supra. A publisher and antiquarian of Detroit. History of Detroit and Michigan.

=Farnam, Henry Wolcott.= Ct., 1853- ----. A professor of political economy at Yale University. Die Innere Französische Gewerpolitik von Colbert bis Turgot.

=Farnham, Mrs. Eliza Woodson [Burhans].= N. Y., 1815-1864. Wife of T. J. Farnham, infra. A philanthropist who from 1844 to 1848 was matron at the prison of Sing Sing, and later a resident of California. Woman and her Era is her most important work. Others are Life in Prairie Land; My Early Days; The Ideal Attained; California Indoors and Out.

=Farnham, John Marshall Willoughby.= Me., 1829- ----. A Presbyterian missionary to China; Homeward; Farnham Genealogy; The Missionary Complaint and Appeal.

=Farnham, Thomas Jefferson.= Vt., 1804-1848. A lawyer who in 1839 headed an expedition to Oregon. Travels in Oregon Territory (1842); Travels in California; Memorial of the Northwest Boundary Line; Mexico, its Geography, People, and Institutions (1846).

=Farquharson, Martha.= See Finley, Martha.

=Farrar, Charles A. J.= 18-- -1893. A New England writer who published Moosehead Lake and the North Maine Wilderness; Camp Life in the Wilderness; The Lake and Forest Series; Wild-Woods Life; From Lake to Lake. Le.

=Farrar, Mrs. Eliza Ware [Rotch].= Bm., 1791-1870. A writer of Cambridge who was the wife of a professor of mathematics in Harvard University. She was educated in England, where her first book, Congo in Search of his Master, was written. Her other works include The Children’s Robinson Crusoe; The Young Lady’s Friend; Life of Howard; The Story of Lafayette; Youth’s Love-Letters; Recollections of Seventy Years.

=Farrar, Timothy.= N. H., 1788-1874. A New Hampshire jurist. Report of Dartmouth College Case; Reviews of the Dred Scott Decision; Manual of the United States Constitution.

=Farrington, Margaret Vere.= See Livingston, Mrs. Margaret.

=Farrow, Edward Samuel.= Md., 1855- ----. An army officer and engineer. West Point and the Military Academy; A Military System of Gymnastic Exercises; Mountain Scouting; Pack Mules and Packing; Farrow’s Military Encyclopædia.

=Fasquelle, Jean Louis.= F., 1808-1862. A French educator who came to America in 1834, and was professor of modern languages at Michigan University, 1846-62. Lessons in French; French Course; Télémaque, with Notes and Grammatical References; General and Idiomatic Dictionary of the French and English Languages. Cas.

=Faunce, David Worcester.= Ms., 1829- ----. A Baptist minister of New England. Words and Works of Jesus; Words and Acts of the Apostles; The Christian in the World; A Young Man’s Difficulties with his Bible; The Resurrection in Nature and Revelation. Ran.

=Fawcett, Edgar.= N. Y., 1847-1904. A New York author who wrote much fiction, more or less ephemeral in character, but whose work as a poet takes far higher rank, some of it in the realm of pure fancy standing quite alone in excellence. His novels include An Ambitious Woman; Fabian Dimitry; A Gentleman of Leisure; A Hopeless Case; Olivia Delaplaine; Asses’ Ears; A New York Family; The Confessions of Claude; Purple and Fine Linen; A Mild Barbarian; The House at High Bridge; Social Silhouettes; The Adventures of a Widow; Tinkling Cymbals; Rutherford; Douglas Duane; Ellen Story; A Demoralizing Marriage; A Man’s Will; Miriam Balestier. In verse he published Short Poems for Short People; The Buntling Ball, a satire; Poems of Fantasy and Passion; Romance and Revery; Song and Story; Songs of Doubt and Dream; The New King Arthur. He wrote also Agnosticism, and Other Essays. Ap. Cas. Fu. Hou. Lip. Ra.

=Fay, Amy.= La., 1844- ----. A Chicago musician. Music Study in Germany. Mg.

=Fay, Theodore Sedgwick.= N. Y., 1807-1898. A writer who belonged to the generation of literary New Yorkers which included Halleck, Willis, and Bryant. He was secretary of legation at Berlin, 1837-53; minister to Switzerland, 1853-61; and thereafter lived in Berlin. The novel Norman Leslie is his best known work. Others are, Dreams and Reveries of a Quiet Man; The Minute Book, a record of travel; Countess Ida; Hoboken, a romance of New York; Sidney Clifton; Robert Rueful; Ulric, a volume of verse; Views of Christianity; Great Outlines of Geography; History of Switzerland; History of the Three Germanys. Bar.

=Fearing, Lilian Blanche.= Ia., 1863-1901. A lawyer of Chicago. The Sleeping World and Other Poems; In the City by the Lake (verse); Roberta. Ke.

=Fellows, John.= Ms., 1760-1844. The Veil Removed; Mysteries of Free Masonry.

=Felt, Joseph Barlow.= Ms., 1789-1869. A Congregational minister of Massachusetts who, after retiring from the ministry, devoted himself to antiquarian research at Salem. Annals of Salem; History of Ipswich, Essex, and Hamilton; Historical Account of Massachusetts Currency; Memoirs of Hugh Peters; The Customs of New England; Ecclesiastical History of New England, include the most of his writings.

=Felton, Cornelius Conway.= Ms., 1807-1862. A Greek scholar of eminence who was president of Harvard College, 1860-62. Besides his many translations from the Greek, among which The Clouds and The Birds of Aristophanes are the most noteworthy, he published Selections from Modern Greek Writers, with Notes; Familiar Letters from Europe; Greece, Ancient and Modern. Hou.

=Fenner, Cornelius George.= R. I., 1822-1847. A Unitarian clergyman at one time in charge of a church at Cincinnati. Poems of Many Moods.

=Fern, Fanny.= See Parton, Mrs.

=Fernald, Charles Henry.= Me., 1838- ----. A naturalist who has been professor of zoölogy at Massachusetts Agricultural College since 1886. Tortricidæ of North America; Butterflies of Maine; Grasses of Maine; Sphingidæ of New England.

=Fernald, Chester Bailey.= Ms., 1869- - ----. A littérateur of San Francisco. The Cat and the Cherub, and Other Stories. Cent.

=Fernald, James Champlin.= Me., 1838- ----. The Economics of Prohibition; The New Womanhood.

=Ferrel, William.= Pa., 1817-1891. A distinguished meteorologist employed at various times in the Coast Survey and the Signal Service. Recent Advances in Meteorology; Popular Treatise on the Winds; Motions of Fluids and Solids on the Earth’s Surface. Wil.

=Ferris, George Titus.= Ct., 1840- ----. Great German Composers; Great Italian and French Composers; Great Singers; Great Violinists and Pianists; Great Leaders. Ap.

=Fessenden, Thomas Green.= N. H., 1771-1837. An agricultural writer of Boston who edited the New England Farmer and similar journals, but in earlier life won considerable attention as a satirical poet under the name of Christopher Caustic. Country Lovers and The Terrible Tractoration are the poems by which he is remembered. He published Original Poems; The Ladies’ Monitor; American Clerk’s Companion; Democracy Unveiled; Pills, Poetical, Political, and Philosophical; Laws of Patents for New Inventions. See Hawthorne’s Fanshawe, and Other Pieces.

=Festetitts, Mrs. Kate [Neely].= Va., 1837- ----. A writer of children’s books whose home has been in Washington since 1885. Ellie Randolph; A Year at Dangerfield.

=Feuchtwanger, Lewis.= G., 1805-1876. A once noted chemist of New York city who came to America from Germany in 1829. Popular Treatise on Gems; Elements of Mineralogy; Treatise on Fermented Liquors; Practical Treatise on Soluble or Water Glass.

=Fewkes, Jesse Walter.= Ms., 1850- ----. An ethnologist of Boston who has written valuable professional monographs and edited the Journal of American Ethnology and Archæology. Hou.

=Ficklin, Joseph.= Ky., 1833-1887. A professor of mathematics in the University of Missouri who published The Complete Algebra; Elements of Algebra, and a series of arithmetical text-books.

=Field, Mrs. Caroline Leslie [Whitney].= Ms., 1853-1902. Daughter of Mrs. A. D. T. Whitney, infra. A writer of Guilford, Connecticut. High Lights, a novel; The Unseen King, and Other Verses. Hou.

=Field, David Dudley.= Ct., 1781-1867. A Congregational clergyman of Stockbridge, Massachusetts. History of Pittsfield; Genealogy of the Brainerd Family; Histories of the Counties of Berkshire and Middlesex.

=Field, David Dudley.= Ms., 1805-1894. Son of D. D. Field, supra. A distinguished jurist of New York city. His Speeches, Arguments, and Miscellaneous Papers have been edited by A. P. Sprague in three volumes. Speeches and Arguments before United States Supreme Court; The Electoral Votes of New York; Miscellaneous Papers. See Life by H. M. Field, infra. Ap.

=Field, Eugene.= Mo., 1850-1895. A journalist and author of Chicago whose writing has received much undiscriminating and damaging praise. The greater part of his work is purely ephemeral, but his poems for and about children possess both originality and beauty. The Denver Tribune Primer; Culture’s Garland; A Little Book of Profitable Tales; A Little Book of Western Verse; Second Book of Verse; Love Songs of Childhood; With Trumpet and Drum (verse); Echoes from the Sabine Farm (with R. M. Field); Songs and Other Verse; A Second Book of Verse; The Holy Cross, and Other Tales. Hou. Scr.

=Field, George Washington.= 18-- -1889. Iowa County and Township Officers; Law of Damages; Private Corporations for Pecuniary Gain; Law of Private Corporations; Constitution and Jurisdiction of United States Supreme Courts; Field’s Lawyers’ Briefs; Field’s Medico-Legal Guide for Doctors and Lawyers; Legal Relations of Infants in the State of New York.

=Field, Henry Martyn.= Ms., 1822- ----. Son of D. D. Field, 1st, supra. A Congregational clergyman, and editor of the New York Evangelist, whose writings are chiefly concerned with his extensive travels. From the Lakes of Killarney to the Golden Horn; From Egypt to Japan; Story of the Atlantic Telegraph; Among the Holy Hills; Our Western Archipelago; The Barbary Coast; On the Desert; Old Spain and New Spain; Gibraltar; Bright Skies and Dark Shadows; Summer Pictures, from Copenhagen to Venice; Blood is Thicker than Water; The Irish Confederates, or the Rebellion of 1798. Har. Scr.

=Field, Henry Martyn.= Ms., 1837- ----. A physician, professor in Dartmouth Medical School. Evacuant Medication is his only publication.

=Field, Mrs. James A.= See Field, Mrs. Caroline Leslie.

=Field, Joseph M.=[3] E., 1810-1856. An actor and dramatist of St. Louis. The Drama in Pokerville, and Other Stories.

=Field, Kate.= See Field, Mary.

=Field, Mary Katherine Kemble.= Mo., 1838-1896. Daughter of J. M. Field, supra. A journalist of Washington. Planchette’s Diary; Ten Days in Spain; Pen Photographs of Dickens’s Readings; Hap-Hazard, Travel Sketches; History of Bell’s Telephone; Adelaide Ristori, a Biography; Life of Fechter. See The Arena, November, 1896. Hou.

=Field, Maunsell Bradhurst.= N. Y., 1822-1875. A lawyer of New York city. Adrian (with G. P. R. James); Poems; Memories of Many Men and Some Women, a volume of entertaining gossip.

=Field, Thomas Warren.= N. Y., 1816-1881. An educator of Brooklyn who was superintendent of public schools there, 1873-81. Pear Culture; Historic and Antiquarian Scenes in Brooklyn; Essay Toward an Indian Bibliography. Scr.

=Fields, Mrs. Annie [Adams].= Ms., 1834- ----. Wife of J. T. Fields, infra. A Boston littérateur. Under the Olive, a volume of verse; The Singing Shepherd, and Other Poems; A Shelf of Old Books; Whittier, Notes of his Life and Friendships; Memoir of J. T. Fields; How to Help the Poor; Authors and Friends. Har. Hou. Scr.

=Fields, James Thomas.= N. H., 1816-1881. A well-known publisher of Boston who edited the Atlantic Monthly, 1862-70. Yesterdays with Authors; Underbrush, a collection of essays; Ballads, and Other Verses. See Memoir by Mrs. Fields. Hou.

=Fillmore, John Comfort.= Ct., 1843-1898. A musician of Milwaukee. History of Piano-Forte Music; New Lessons in Harmony; Lessons in Musical History.

=Filson, John.= Pa., 1747-1788. An early explorer of the Western country. The Discovery, Settlement, and Present State of Kentucky; Map of Kentucky; Topographical Description of the Western Territory. See Life by R. T. Durret, 1884.

=Finch, Francis Miles.= N. Y., 1827- ----. A New York jurist, dean of the law school of Cornell University since 1892. He has published a number of poems, among which Nathan Hale and The Blue and the Gray are well known.

=Finck, Henry Theophilus.= Mo., 1854- ----. A musical journalist of New York city. Wagner and Other Musicians; Romantic Love and Personal Beauty; Chopin, and Other Musical Essays; Lotos-Time in Japan; The Pacific Coast Scenic Tour; Spain and Morocco. Scr.

=Findley, Samuel.= Pa., 1818-1889. An Associate Reformed clergyman and educator. Rambles Among the Insects.

=Findley, William.= I., c. 1750-1821. A once noted Pennsylvania politician. Review of the Funding System; History of the Insurrection of the Four Western Counties of Pennsylvania.

=Finley, James Bradley.= N. C., 1781-1856. A Methodist clergyman of Ohio, at one time chaplain in the state penitentiary. History of the Wyandot Mission; Memorials of Prison Life; Sketches of Western Methodism; Life Among the Indians. See Autobiography. Bibliography of Ohio. Meth.

=Finley, John.= Va., 1796-1866. A journalist of Richmond, Indiana, mayor of that town for a number of years. The Hoosier’s Nest and Other Poems were once widely circulated.

=Finley, John Park.= Mch., 1854- ----. A lieutenant in the signal service. Tornadoes; Manual of Instruction in Optical Telegraphy; Sailors’ Handbook of Storm Track, Fog and Ice Charts of the North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico.

=Finley, Martha.= “Martha Farquharson.” O., 1828- ----. A voluminous writer of religious and moral tales for girls, including more than twenty Elsie Books; The Mildred Books; Casella; Wanted--a Pedigree; and others. Do. Lip.

=Finney, Charles Grandison.= Ct., 1792-1875. A Congregational clergyman famous during his earlier career as a revivalist. He was president of Oberlin College, 1852-66. Lectures on Revivals; Systematic Theology; Lectures to Professing Christians; Character of Free Masonry; Sermons on Gospel Themes. See Autobiography; Life by G. F. Wright, 1890. Bar.

=Finotti, Joseph Maria.= Iy., 1817-1879. A Roman Catholic clergyman who was in charge of a Colorado parish at the time of his death. French Grammar; A Month of Mary; Life of Blessed Paul of the Cross; Italy in the Fifteenth Century; Diary of a Soldier; The French Zouave; Herman the Pianist; The Spirit of St. Francis de Sales. Bibliographia Catholica Americana, his most important work, was never completed.

=Fish, Henry Clay.= Vt., 1820-1877. A Baptist clergyman of Newark, New Jersey. Primitive Piety Revived; The Price of Soul Liberty; Harry’s Conversion; Harry’s Conflicts; Handbook of Revivals; Bible Lands Illustrated, and several compilations. Bar. Do.

=Fisher, Ebenezer.= Me., 1815-1879. A Universalist clergyman who was the first president of the theological seminary at Canton, New York. The Christian Salvation. See Life, 1880.

=Fisher, Frances.= “Christian Reid.” See Tiernan, Mrs. F.

=Fisher, George Jackson.= N. Y., 1825-1893. A physician, for many years medical director at Sing Sing prison. Biographical Sketches of Distinguished Physicians of Westchester County, New York; Animal Substances Employed as Medicines by the Ancients; Diploteratology.

=Fisher, George Park.= Ms., 1827- ----. A Congregational clergyman, professor of ecclesiastical history at Yale University since 1861. The Supernatural Origin of Christianity; The Reformation; The Beginnings of Christianity; Faith and Rationalism; Discussions in History and Theology; Life of Benjamin Silliman, infra; The Grounds of Theistic and Rationalistic Belief; History of the Christian Church; The Christian Religion; Manual of Natural Theology; Manual of Christian Evidences; Outlines of Universal History; Nature and Method of Revelation; The Colonial Era. Fl. Scr.

=Fisher, Joshua Francis.= Pa., 1807-1873. A municipal reformer of Philadelphia. The Degradation of our Representative System and its Reform; Reform of Municipal Elections; Nomination of Candidates.

=Fisher, Michael Montgomery.= Ind., 1834-1891. A Presbyterian clergyman and educator, professor of Latin at the University of Missouri from 1871. The Three Pronunciations of Latin; Education.

=Fisher, Samuel Reed.= Pa., 1810-1881. A German Reformed clergyman of Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. Exercises in the Heidelberg Catechism; The Rum Plague, a translation from Zschokke; The Family Assistant; Heidelberg Catechism Simplified.

=Fisher, Samuel Ware.= Pa., 1814-1874. A Presbyterian clergyman and educator, who was president of Hamilton College, 1858-67. Three Great Temptations of Young Men; Occasional Sermons and Addresses.

=Fisher, Sydney George.= Pa., 1856- ----. A lawyer of Philadelphia. The Evolution of the Constitution of the United States; The Making of Pennsylvania; Pennsylvania: Colony and Commonwealth. Co. Lip.

=Fisher, Theodore Willis.= Ms., 1837- ----. A physician, since 1881 clinical instructor in mental disease at Harvard University. Plain Talks About Insanity.

=Fisher, Thomas.= Pa., 1801-1856. A Philadelphia writer who published Dial of the Seasons; Song of the Sea Shells; Mathematics Simplified and Made Attractive.

=Fisk, Samuel.= Ms., 1828-1864. A Congregational clergyman who served as a soldier in the Federal army, and was killed at the Battle of the Wilderness. Mr. Dunn Browne’s Experiences in the Army.

=Fisk, Wilbur.= Vt., 1792-1839. A Methodist clergyman once famous as a pulpit orator, and the first president of Wesleyan University, 1831-39. Calvinistic Controversy; Travels in Europe; Sermons on Universalism. See Lives by G. Prentice, 1889, J. Holdich, 1890. Meth.

=Fiske, John.= Ct., 1842-1901. A philosopher and historian of Cambridge, who lectured and wrote extensively on American history, and was a thinker of the school of Darwin and Spencer. Myths and Myth-Makers; Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy; The Unseen World; Darwinism and Other Essays; Tobacco and Alcohol; Excursions of an Evolutionist; The Destiny of Man; The Idea of God as Affected by Modern Knowledge; American Political Ideas from the Standpoint of Universal History; The Critical Period of American History, 1783-89; The Beginnings of New England; Civil Government in the United States; The War of Independence, a work for young readers; The American Revolution; The Discovery of America; United States History for Schools; Life of Edward L. Youmans, infra; Virginia and Her Neighbours. Ap. Har. Hou.

=Fiske, Nathan.= Ms., 1733-1799. A Congregational clergyman of Brookfield, Massachusetts, who was a prolific author of essays and addresses. Beside separate sermons, his published works include Sermons (1794); The Moral Monitor, a collection of essays once very popular as a school reader.

=Fiske, Nathan Welby.= Ms., 1798-1847. Son of N. Fiske, supra. A Congregational clergyman, professor at Amherst College, 1824-47. He was the father of Mrs. Helen Jackson, “H. H.,” infra. Manual of Classical Literature; Sermons; Young Peter’s Tour Around the World; Story of Aleck, or the History of Pitcairn’s Island. See Biography by H. Humphrey, 1850.

=Fitch, Elijah.= 1745-1788. A Congregational minister of Hopkinton, Massachusetts. The Beauties of Religion, a Poem Addressed to Youth; The Choice, a Poem. See Duyckinck’s American Literature.

=Fitch, William Clyde.= N. Y., 1865- ----. A dramatist of New York city, the author of Beau Brummell and other plays; The Knighting of the Twins, and Ten Other Tales; Some Correspondence and Six Conversations. Rob. St.

=Fitzgerald, Oscar Penn.= N. C., 1820- ----. A bishop of the Methodist Church South, living at Atlanta. California Sketches; Christian Growth; Centenary Cameos; Bible Nights; The Class Meeting; Life of Judge Longstreet, infra.

=Fitzhugh, George.= Va., 1807-1881. A lawyer of Port Royal, Virginia, noted as an advocate of slavery as the proper condition for the mass of mankind. Sociology for the South; Cannibals All, or Slaves without Masters.

=Flagg, Edmund.= Me., 1815-1890. A lawyer and journalist of St. Louis and elsewhere, living in West Salem, Virginia, in recent years. Venice, the City of the Sea, a history, is his most important work. Other writings of his include North Italy since 1849; Commercial Relations of the United States; Blanche of Artois; Edmond Dantes, a sequel to Monte Christo.

=Flagg, Isaac.= Ms., 1843- ----. Son of W. Flagg, infra. A professor of Greek at Cornell University, 1871-88, and professor at the University of California since 1891. The Hellenic Orations of Demosthenes; Versicles; The Seven Against Thebes, of Æschylus; Iphigenia among the Taurians, of Euripides. Gi.

=Flagg, John Foster Brewster.= Ms., 1804-1872. A Philadelphia physician. Ether and Chloroform and their Employment in Surgery, Dentistry, Midwifery, etc.

=Flagg, Wilson.= Ms., 1805-1884. A naturalist of Cambridge. Studies in the Field and Forest; Woods and By-Ways of New England; Halcyon Days; A Year among the Trees; A Year among the Birds.

=Flanders, Henry.= N. H., 1826- ----. A lawyer of Philadelphia. Maritime Law; The Law of Shipping; Lives of the United States Chief Justices (1858); Memoirs of Cumberland; Exposition of the United States Constitution; The Law of Fire Insurance; Adventures of a Virginian.

=Flash, Henry Lynden.= O., 1835- ----. An officer in the Confederate army during the Civil War. Since 1887 he has lived in Los Angeles. He published a volume of Poems (1860).

=Fleeta.= See Hamilton, Kate.

=Fleming, Mrs. May Agnes [Early].= N. B., 1840-1880. A prolific author of sensational romances, some of which were issued under the pseudonym “Cousin May Carleton.” Among them are Guy Earlscourt’s Wife; Lost for a Woman; Pride and Passion.

=Fleming, George.= See Fletcher, Julia.

=Fletcher, James Cooley.= Ind., 1823-1901. A Presbyterian clergyman, missionary to Brazil, 1851-54, author with D. P. Kidder of the once very popular work Brazil and the Brazilians, which first appeared in 1857, and reached an eighth edition in 1868. See Hart’s American Literature.

=Fletcher, Julia Constance.= “George Fleming.” B., 1853- ----. Daughter of J. C. Fletcher, supra. A novelist whose home is in Rome. Kismet; The Head of Medusa; Mirage; Vestigia; Andromeda; The Truth About Clement Ker; For Plain Women Only. Rob.

=Fletcher, Robert.= E., 1823- ----. An eminent anthropologist of Washington. Paul Broca and the French School of Anthropology; Prehistoric Trephining and Cranial Amulets; Human Proportion in Art and Anthropometry; Some Recent Experiments in Serpent Venom; The New School of Criminal Anthropology; Tattooing among Civilized People.

=Fletcher, William Baldwin.= Ind., 1837- ----. A physician, since 1883 superintendent of the Indiana Hospital for the Insane. Cholera, its Characteristics, History, etc. Clke.

=Flickinger, Daniel Krumler.= O., 1824- ----. A clergyman belonging to the sect of United Brethren, and since 1885 a foreign missionary bishop of that faith. Off-hand Sketches of Men and Things in Western Africa; Ethiopia; The Churches, Marching Orders.

=Flint, Abel.= Ct., 1765-1825. A Congregational clergyman of Hartford who published a Geometry and Trigonometry with a Treatise on Surveying.

=Flint, Austin.= Ms., 1812-1886. A distinguished physician of New York city who held professorships in several New York medical colleges. Practice of Medicine; Continued Fever; Chronic Pleurisy; Dysentery; Physical Explanation and Diagnosis of Diseases of the Respiratory Organs; Diseases of the Heart; Essays on Conservative Medicine; Phthisis; Clinical Medicine; Manual of Auscultation and Percussion; Medical Ethics and Etiquette; Medicine of the Future. Ap.

=Flint, Austin, Jr.= Ms., 1836- ----. Son of Austin Flint, supra, and like his father an eminent physician of New York city, connected with several hospitals and medical colleges. Text-Book of Human Physiology; Manual of Chemical Examinations of Urine in Disease; Physiological Effects of Severe and Protracted Muscular Exercise; The Source of Muscular Power; Physiology of Man. Ap.

=Flint, Charles Louis.= Ms., 1824-1889. The secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Agriculture, 1853-81, and one of the founders of the Massachusetts Agricultural College. The Agriculture of Massachusetts; Grass and Forage Plants; Milch Cows and Dairy Farming; Manual of Agriculture (with G. B. Emerson, supra). Le.

=Flint, Henry Martyn.= Pa., 1829-1868. A journalist of Chicago. Life of Stephen A. Douglas; History and Statistics of United States Railroads: Mexico under Maximilian.

=Flint, Joshua Barker.= Ms., 1801-1864. A surgeon of Boston and subsequently of Louisville, where he was professor of surgery in the Kentucky school of medicine from 1849 till his death. He published The Practice of Medicine.

=Flint, Micah P.= Ms., 1807-1830. Son of T. Flint, infra. The Hunter and Other Poems (1826). See Coggeshall’s Poets of the West.

=Flint, Timothy.= Ms., 1780-1840. A Congregational clergyman of New England who after some years of missionary labour in the Ohio Valley devoted himself to literary pursuits in Cincinnati, New York, and elsewhere. His most important work in some respects, the Geography and History of the Mississippi Valley, materially advanced the settlement of that region. His other works include Recollections of Ten Years in the Valley of the Mississippi; Indian Wars in the West; Memoir of Daniel Boone; Lectures on Natural History, etc. Fiction: Francis Berrian; Arthur Clenning; George Mason; The Shoshonee Valley. See Bibliography of Ohio.

=Flower, Benjamin Orange.= Il., 1859- ----. Formerly the editor and publisher of The Arena at Boston. Civilization’s Inferno, or Studies in the Social Cellar; Lessons Learned from Other Lives; The New Time; Persons, Places, and Ideas; The Century of Sir Thomas More; Gerald Massey, Poet, Prophet, and Mystic. Ar.

=Flower, Frank Abial.= N. Y., 1854- ----. A Wisconsin statistician, curator of the state historical society. Old Abe, the Wisconsin War Eagle; Life of Matthew H. Carpenter; History of the Republican Party.

=Floy, James.= N. Y., 1806-1863. A Methodist clergyman of New York city, prominent as a botanist and as an anti-slavery leader. Guide to the Orchard and Fruit Garden; Occasional Sermons, etc.; Literary Remains (1870).

=Folger, Peter.= E., 1617-1690. Grandfather of Benjamin Franklin. An emigrant from Norwich, England, in 1635. He settled successively at Watertown, Martha’s Vineyard, and in 1663 at Nantucket. He is remembered as the author of A Looking-Glass for the Times, a spirited doggerel ballad without literary merit, but a very manly appeal for religious toleration. See Tyler’s American Literature.

=Follen, Charles Theodore Christian.= G., 1796-1840. A German scholar who came to America in 1824. He was German instructor at Harvard University, 1830-34, but lost his position on account of his anti-slavery opinions, and in 1836 was ordained as a Unitarian clergyman. He published a German Reader; Practical German Grammar. See Works in five volumes, with Memoir, edited by Mrs. Follen.

=Follen, Mrs. Eliza Lee [Cabot].= Ms., 1787-1859. Wife of C. Follen, supra. A popular author for many years. Sketches of Married Life; Twilight Stories, a volume of excellent juvenile tales; The Well-spent Hour; The Skeptic; Poems; To Mothers in the Free States; Anti-Slavery Hymns and Songs; Home Dramas; Little Songs for Little People; The Old Garret Stories. Le.

=Folsom, Charles Follen.= Ms., 1842- ----. A physician of Boston, professor in the Harvard Medical School, 1877-1885. Mental Diseases; Present Aspect of the Sewage Question Applied to Boston (1877).

=Folsom, George.= Me., 1802-1869. An antiquarian writer of New York city. Sketches of Saco and Biddeford; Dutch Annals of New York; Letters and Dispatches of Cortés, translated from the Spanish; Political Condition of Mexico.

=Folwell, William Watts.= N. Y., 1833- ----. An educator of Minnesota. Public Instruction in Minnesota; Lectures on Political Economy.

=Fontaine, Edward.= Va., 1814-1884. An Episcopal clergyman of Mississippi. How the World was Peopled, a series of ethnological lectures.

=Fontaine, Francis.= 18--. The Exile; Etowah, a Romance of the Confederacy.

=Foote, Andrew Hull.= Ct., 1806-1863. A rear-admiral of the United States navy. Africa and the American Flag (1854). See Life by J. M. Hoppin, infra.

=Foote, Henry Stuart.= Va., 1800-1880. A prominent Mississippi politician. He was governor of his State, 1853-54, and, though opposed to secession, a member of the Confederate Congress, where he was noted for his strong opposition to Jefferson Davis. Texas and the Texans; The War of the Rebellion, or Scylla and Charybdis; Bench and Bar of the South and Southwest; Personal Reminiscences.

=Foote, Henry Wilder.= Ms., 1838-1889. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston, minister of King’s Chapel from 1861 till his death. Annals of King’s Chapel; Thy Kingdom Come, ten sermons on the Lord’s Prayer; The Insight of Faith. El. Rob.

=Foote, Mrs. Mary Anna [Hallock].= N. Y., 1847- ----. A novelist and illustrator whose married life has been passed chiefly in the Rocky Mountain country, where the scene of much of her work is laid. The Led Horse Claim, a Romance of a Mining Camp; In Exile, and Other Stories; John Bodewin’s Testimony; The Chosen Valley; Cœur d’Alene; The Last Assembly Ball; The Cup of Trembling, and Other Stories. Hou.

=Foote, William Henry.= Ct., 1794-1869. A Presbyterian clergyman and educator of West Virginia. Sketches of North Carolina; Sketches of the Presbyterian Church in Virginia; The Huguenots, or Reformed French Church; Sketches of Virginia.

=Forbes, Mrs. Harriette [Merrifield].= Ms., 1856- ----. A writer of Westborough, Massachusetts. The Hundredth Town, a series of historical sketches of Westborough; The Diary of Rev. Ebenezer Parkman.

=Forbes, Robert Bennet.= Ms., 1804-1889. A sea captain who was subsequently a Boston merchant. China and the China Trade (1844); Construction of Ships for the Merchant Service; Life Boats, Projectiles, and Other Means for Saving Life; Seamen Past and Present; Rambling Reminiscences; Notes on Some Few Wrecks and Rescues.

=Forbes, Stephen Alfred.= Il., 1844- ----. A professor of zoölogy in the University of Illinois and State entomologist. Studies of the Food of Birds, Fishes, and Insects; Contagious Diseases of Insects.

=Force, Manning Ferguson.= O., 1824-1899. Son of P. Force, infra. A brigadier-general in the Federal army during the Civil War, and subsequently a prominent jurist of Cincinnati. From Fort Henry to Corinth; Marching Across Carolina; The Mound Builders; Prehistoric Man; Recollections of the Vicksburg Campaign, include the most of his writings. Clke. Scr.

=Force, Peter.= N. J., 1790-1868. A journalist and historian of Washington who began in 1833 a documentary history of the American colonies. Thirty years’ labour was spent upon the task, and nine volumes completed, entitled American Archives. His other works include Tracts and Other Papers relating to the Origin of the North American Colonies; Grinnell Land. His immense and valuable library was purchased by Congress in 1867.

=Force, William Quereau.= D. C., 1820-1880. Son of P. Force, supra. A meteorologist of Washington who assisted his father in preparing American Archives, and published Builder’s Guide; The Picture of Washington.

=Ford, Corydon La.= N. Y., 1813- ----. A physician of note who has held several medical professorships, and since 1886 has been professor emeritus in the Long Island College hospital. Questions on Anatomy, etc.; Questions on the Structure and Development of the Human Teeth; Syllabus of Lectures on Odontology, Human and Comparative.

=Ford, Mrs. Emily Ellsworth [Fowler].= Ms., 1826-1893. Daughter of W. C. Fowler, infra, and granddaughter of Noah Webster. A Brooklyn writer who has published My Recollections, a volume of verse.

=Ford, James Lauren.= Mo., 1854- ----. A journalist and littérateur of New York city. Dr. Dodd’s School; The Third Alarm, are tales for juvenile readers. Other works of his are Hypnotic Tales; The Literary Shop; Bohemia Invaded; Dolly Dillenbeck. Ric. Sto.

=Ford, Paul Leicester.= L. I., 1865-1902. Son of Mrs. Emily Ford, supra. Bibliotheca Hamiltonia; Franklin Bibliography; The Honorable Peter Stirling; The True George Washington; The Story of an Untold Love; Janice Meredith. Do. Ho. Hou. Lip.

=Ford, Mrs. Sallie [Rochester].= Ky., 1828- ----. Wife of S. H. Ford, infra. A St. Louis writer whose early writings were very popular, Grace Truman, her first book, having an extensive sale. Other works of hers are, Romance of Freemasonry; Raids and Romance of Morgan and his Men; Mary Bunyan, the Dreamer’s Blind Daughter; Evangel Wiseman; Ernest Quest.

=Ford, Samuel Howard.= Mo., 1819- ----. A Baptist clergyman of Memphis, Mobile, and elsewhere, living in retirement in St. Louis since 1887. The Origin of the Baptists; Servetus, Hero and Martyr.

=Ford, Thomas.= Pa., 1800-1850. An Illinois jurist who was governor of his State, 1842-46. History of Illinois from 1818 to 1847.

=Ford, William Henry.= Pa., 1839-1897. A Philadelphia surgeon twice president of the municipal board of health. He has published Healthy Dwelling-Houses and How to Build Them.

=Ford, Worthington Chauncey.= L. I., 1858- ----. Son of Mrs. Emily Ford, supra. A government statistician at Washington. American Citizens’ Manual; The Standard Silver Dollar.

=Forester, Frank.= See Herbert, W. H.

=Forestier, Auber.= See Moore, Mrs. Annie.

=Forney, John Weiss.= Pa., 1817-1881. A journalist of Philadelphia and Washington, of prominence as a politician, and secretary of the United States Senate, 1861-68. Life of General Hancock; Anecdotes of Public Men; The New Nobility, a story of England and America; What I Saw in Texas; A Centennial Commissioner in Europe; Letters from Europe; Forty Years of American Journalism. Ap. Har. Lip.

=Forrester, Fanny.= See Judson, Mrs.

=Forrester, Francis.= See Wise, Daniel.

=Forry, Samuel.= Pa., 1811-1844. A physician and surgeon of New York city. The Climate of the United States and its Endemic Influences; Meteorology.

=Fort, George Franklin.= N. J., 1809-1872. A governor of New Jersey, 1850-1854. Early History and Antiquities of Freemasonry.

=Fortier, Alcée.= La., 1856- ----. An educator of Louisiana, professor of Romance languages in Tulane University. Le Château de Chambord; Gabriel d’Ennerich, an historical novelette; Bits of Louisiana Folk-Lore; Sept Grands Auteurs de xix^e Siècle; Histoire de la Littérature Française; Louisiana Studies; Louisiana Folk Tales. He has also annotated college editions of several French texts. He. Ho. Hou.

=Forwood, William Stump.= Md., 1830-1892. A physician of Darlington, Maryland. History and Descriptive Account of Mammoth Cave, with Full Scientific Details of the Eyeless Fishes.

=Fosdick, Charles Austin.= “Harry Castlemon.” N. Y., 1842- ----. A voluminous author of juvenile books, among which The Gunboat Series; Rocky Mountain Series; Roughing It Series; The Steel Horse, or the Rambles of a Bicycle, are but a few of the whole number. Co.

=Fosdick, William Whiteman.= O., 1825-1862. A lawyer of Cincinnati, who published Malmiztic the Toltec, a novel; Ariel and Other Poems.

=Foss, Samuel Walter.= N. H., 1858- ----. A writer of popular dialect and other poems, whose home is in Somerville, Massachusetts. Back Country Poems; Whiffs from Wild Meadows (verse). Le.

=Foster, Charles Hubbs.= N. Y., 1833-1895. An actor and playwright of New York city, who wrote more than seventy-five plays, mostly melodramas, among which are, Twins of London; Twenty Years Dead; The Chain Gang.

=Foster, Mrs. Hannah [Webster].= Ms., 1759-1840. A writer who was the wife of John Foster, minister at Brighton, Massachusetts, 1784-1827, and after his death a resident of Montreal. She was the daughter of Grant Webster, a merchant of Boston, and was probably born in that city. She wrote The Boarding School; Letters of a Preceptress; but is remembered chiefly for having been the author of the once famous story, The Coquette, or the History of Eliza Wharton, which was largely based upon fact, and passed through more than thirty editions.

=Foster, John Wells.= Ms., 1815-1873. A geologist employed by the United States in a geological survey of the Lake Superior region, and subsequently a resident of Chicago. The Mississippi Valley; Mineral Wealth and Railroad Development; Prehistoric Races of the United States; Geology and Topography of the Lake Superior Land District (with J. D. Whitney, infra). Sc.

=Foster, Mrs. Judith Ellen [Horton].= Ms., 1840- ----. A lawyer and prominent temperance advocate of Iowa. The Crime Against Ireland; Amendment Manual (Prohibition); The American Renaissance; Republican Contentions and Supreme Court Decisions.

=Foster, Randolph Sinks.= O., 1820-1903. A Methodist bishop of much prominence in his denomination. Objections to Calvinism; Christian Purity; Ministry Needed for the Times; Theism; Beyond the Grave; Centenary Thoughts; Studies in Theology. Meth.

=Foster, Robert Verrell.= Tn., 1845- ----. A Cumberland Presbyterian clergyman and educator, professor of Hebrew in the Theological Seminary at Lebanon, Tennessee, since 1877. Introduction to the Study of Theology; Old Testament Studies; Commentary on the Epistle to the Romans.

=Foster, Stephen Collins.= Pa., 1826-1864. A famous song-writer and composer of Pittsburg and New York city. He set to music 150 or more songs, the words in nearly all cases being his own. Some of them, like the Suwanee River, My Old Kentucky Home, Nelly Bly, are known in all English-speaking lands. See Atlantic Monthly, November, 1867.

=Foster, Stephen Symonds.= N. H., 1809-1881. A noted anti-slavery agitator of Worcester, Massachusetts. He married in 1845 Abby Kelly, also noted as an abolitionist. The Brotherhood of Thieves, a True Picture of the American Church and Clergy.

=Foster, Mrs. Theodosia Maria [Toll].= “Faye Huntington.” N. Y., 1838- ----. An educator of Verona, New York, who has written much for young people. In Earnest; What Fide Remembers; A Baker’s Dozen; A Modern Exodus, are among her works. Lo.

=Foster, William Eaton.= Vt., 1851- ----. A librarian of Providence. The Civil Service Reform Movement; The Literature of Civil Service Reform in the United States; Stephen Hopkins, a Rhode Island Statesman; Town Government in Rhode Island.

=Fowler, Henry.= Ms., 1824-1872. A Presbyterian clergyman of Auburn, New York. The American Pulpit, a collection of sketches of American preachers.

=Fowler, Lorenzo Niles.= N. Y., 1811-1896. A lecturer, editor, and publisher of New York city who settled in London in 1863, and lectured frequently in England from that period. Marriage, its History and Ceremonies; Lectures on Man.

=Fowler, Mrs. Lydia [Folger].= Ms., 1823-1879. Wife of L. N. Fowler, supra. A practicing physician for some years. Nora, the Lost and Redeemed; The Pet of the Household and How to Save It; Familiar Lessons on Phrenology and Physiology; Familiar Lessons on Astronomy.

=Fowler, Orin.= Ct., 1791-1852. A Congregational clergyman of Fall River, noted as a temperance and anti-slavery orator, who was a member of Congress, 1848-52. Treatise on Baptism; Historical Sketch of Fall River.

=Fowler, Orson Squire.= N. Y., 1809-1887. Brother of L. N. Fowler, supra, and with him a member of the New York publishing house of Fowler & Wells, 1844-63. He was an ardent phrenologist, and wrote much on his favourite topic. Memory and Intellectual Improvement; Physiology, Animal and Mental; Matrimony; Self-Culture; Hereditary Descent; Love and Parentage; Sexual Science; Amativeness; Human Science; Creative Science; The Self-Instructor in Phrenology (with L. N. Fowler).

=Fowler, Philemon Halstead.= N. Y., 1814-1879. A Presbyterian clergyman of Utica. History of Presbyterianism in central New York; The Presbyterian Element in our National Life and History.

=Fowler, William Chauncey.= Ct., 1793-1881. A Congregational clergyman and educator of New England, who married a daughter of Noah Webster, infra. Memorials of the Chaunceys; The Sectional Controversy, or Passages in United States Political History; History of Durham, Connecticut; Local Law in Massachusetts and Connecticut; Essays; English Grammar; The English Language in its Elements and Forms. Har.

=Fowler, William Worthington.= Vt., 1833-1881. Son of W. C. Fowler, supra. He was successively a lawyer, broker, and journalist of New York city. Ten Years in Wall Street; Fighting Fire, the Great Fires of History (1873); Woman on the American Frontier; Twenty Years of Inside Life in Wall Street.

=Fox, Ebenezer.= Ms., 1763-1843. A Bostonian who was postmaster of his city 1830-36, and the author of The Revolutionary Adventures of Ebenezer Fox (1848).

=Fox, John [William].= Ky., 186- ----. A Cumberland Vendetta. Har.

=Fox, Norman.= N. Y., 1836- ----. A Baptist minister of New York and Missouri. George Fox and the Early Friends; Rise of the Use of Pouring and Sprinkling for Baptism; A Layman’s Ministry; Inspiration of the Apostles in Speaking and Writing.

=Foxton, E.= See Palfrey, Sarah.

=Foye, James Clark.= N. H., 1841-1896. An educator who was a professor of chemistry at Lawrence University from 1867. Chemical Problems; Handbook of Mineralogy; Tables for Determination of United States Minerals.

=France, Lewis Browne.= D. C., 1833- ----. A lawyer and littérateur of Denver. Over the Old Trail; Pine Valley, a volume of short stories; Mountain Trails and Parks in Colorado. Cr.

=Francis, Convers.= Ms., 1795-1863. Brother of Mrs. Lydia Child, supra. A Unitarian clergyman of Watertown, Massachusetts, and subsequently Parkman professor of pulpit eloquence at Harvard University, 1843-63. Life of John Eliot (supra); Historical Sketch of Watertown; Errors of Education, include his principal writings.

=Francis, James Bicheno.= E., 1815-1892. A noted hydraulic engineer of Lowell. Lowell Hydraulic Experiments; The Strength of Cast Iron Columns.

=Francis, John Wakefield.= N. Y., 1789-1861. A physician of much prominence at one time in medical and literary circles of New York city. Use of Mercury; Cases of Morbid Anatomy; Febrile Contagion; The Anatomy of Drunkenness; Old New York, a volume of pleasant reminiscences, comprise his principal writings. See Life by Tuckerman.

=Francis, Samuel Ward.= N. Y., 1835-1886. Son of J. W. Francis, supra. A physician of New York city and subsequently of Newport, Rhode Island. Mott’s Clinics; Water; Inside and Out; Biographical Sketches of New York Surgeons and Physicians; Life and Death; Curious Facts Concerning Man and Nature.

=Francis, Valentine Mott.= N. Y., 1834. Son of J. W. Francis, supra. A physician of Newport who has published Hospital Hygiene.

=Francke, Kuno.= Sg., 1855- ----. A professor in Harvard University. Social Forces in German Literature: a Study in the History of Civilization. Ho.

=Franklin, Benjamin.= Ms., 1706-1790. A celebrated philosopher, statesman, and scientist who was born in Boston but went to Philadelphia in 1723, where he worked as a journeyman printer. In 1729 he became the proprietor of The Pennsylvania Gazette, and after that date his rise in life was rapid. He established the Philadelphia Library in 1731, the American Philosophical Society in 1744, and was one of the founders in 1749 of the institution which in 1753 became the University of Pennsylvania. In 1753 he was appointed, jointly with William Hunter, postmaster-general of the colonies. He was twice sent to London as colonial agent for Pennsylvania, and in 1770 was appointed agent for Massachusetts in England. In 1776 he helped draft the Declaration of Independence. During the next nine years he was first commissioner, then minister, to France; and was also a member of the commission which negotiated the treaty of peace with England. He was the discoverer of the identity of lightning with electricity, and the inventor of the lightning-rod. As a writer his influence has been felt throughout the world, his works including essays on politics, religion, commerce, science, and philosophy. The Busybody is a series of papers of the type of those in The Spectator, but furnishing much more lively reading. Poor Richard’s Almanac, published 1732-57, was everywhere popular, and had a great influence over the mass of readers. The work by which he is best known, however, is his famous Autobiography, which has been one of the most widely read books ever printed. His Complete Works in ten volumes have been edited by J. Bigelow, supra. See Edinburgh Review, July, 1806, and August, 1817; Contemporary Review, July, 1879; Harper’s Magazine, July, 1880; Godey’s Magazine, 1896; Appleton’s American Biography; Parker’s Historic Americans; Hale’s Franklin in France; Lives by Parton, McMaster, H. Mayhew, Morse; Mignet’s Vie de Franklin, 1873; Wetzel’s Franklin as an Economist. Put.

=Franklin, Benjamin.= R. I., 1819-1898. An Episcopal clergyman of Shrewsbury, New Jersey. The Creed and Modern Thought; The Church and the Era.

=Franklin, Thomas Levering.= Pa., 1820-1899. An Episcopal clergyman of western New York, and more recently of Philadelphia. His writings include an important work on The Creed, and several tractates on Divorce.

=Frazer, Persifor.= Pa., 1844- ----. A distinguished geologist attached to the State geological survey of Pennsylvania who has published Tables for the Determination of Minerals; The Geology of Lancaster County. Lip.

=Frederic, Harold.= N. Y., 1856-1898. A novelist and journalist who served as the London correspondent of the New York Times from 1884. The scenes of several of his novels are placed in small American communities. Marsena, and Other Stories; The Copperhead; The Lawton Girl; In the Valley; Seth’s Brother’s Wife; The Damnation of Theron Ware; March Hares. Ap. Scr. St.

=Fredet, Peter.= F., 1801-1856. A Roman Catholic priest who came from France to America in 1831, and was professor in St. Mary’s Seminary at Baltimore from that date until his death. Ancient History; Modern History; Original Texts and Translations of the Bible; Treatise on the Eucharistic Mystery; Lay Baptism; Inspiration and Canon of Scripture; Interpretation of Scripture; Doctrine of Exclusive Salvation; Necessity of Baptism; Effect of Baptism.

=Freedley, Edwin Troxell.= Pa., 1827- ----. A Philadelphia writer and compiler of books of useful information, but of small literary value. The Business Man’s Legal Adviser; Leading Pursuits of Leading Men; Philadelphia and its Manufactures; Opportunities for Industry; History of American Manufactures; Common Sense in Business; Home Comforts. Lip.

=Freeman, Barnardus.= G., 1660-1743. A Dutch Reformed clergyman of Long Island who came to America in 1700 and was especially noted for his influence over the Indians. De Spizel der Self Kennis (Mirror of Self-Knowledge); De Weegshale der Gerade Gods (Balance of God’s Grace).

=Freeman, Frederick.= Ms., 1800-1883. An Episcopal clergyman and educator who was a Presbyterian minister in the earlier portion of his career. History of Cape Cod; Annals of Barnstable County; Freeman Genealogy; Civilization and Barbarism illustrated by Especial Reference to Metacomet and the Extinction of his Race.

=Freeman, James.= Ms., 1759-1835. The first clergyman in the United States to bear the name Unitarian. While a lay reader at King’s Chapel in Boston, in 1782, he became a Unitarian in his views, and was ordained in 1787 minister of that church, the members of which adopted Mr. Freeman’s theology as their own, and he continued in that office until his death. The oldest Episcopal church in New England thus became the first Unitarian church in America. Mr. Freeman’s Sermons and Charges were published in 1832.

=Freeman, James Midwinter.= “Robert Ranger.” N. Y., 1827-1900. A Methodist clergyman of New York city who published many books for children under the pseudonym “Robert Ranger.” Other works of his include Illustration in Sunday-School Teaching; Handbook of Bible Manners and Customs; Short History of the English Bible; Book of Books. Meth.

=Freeman, Samuel.= Me., 1743-1831. A jurist of Portland, Maine. The Massachusetts Justice; Probate Directory; The Town Officer. _See Bibliography of Maine._

=Frémont, Mrs. Jessie [Benton].= Va., 1824-1902. Wife of J. C. Frémont, infra, and daughter of T. H. Benton, supra. A resident of Los Angeles. The Story of the Guard, a Chronicle of the War; A Year of American Travel; Souvenirs of My Time; Sketch of Senator Benton; Far West Sketches; Will and the Way Stories. Lo.

=Frémont, John Charles.= Ga., 1813-1890. A famous soldier and politician who in 1856 was the first Republican candidate for the presidency, and served during the Civil War as a major-general in the Federal army. Report of the Exploring Expedition to the Rocky Mountains in 1842, and to Oregon and Northern California in 1843-44; Frémont’s Explorations; Memoirs of My Life. See Appleton’s American Biography; Lives by J. Bigelow, supra, C. Upham.

=French, Alice.= “Octave Thanet.” Ms., 1850- ----. A writer of novels and short stories whose home has been in Davenport, Iowa, and also in Arkansas. Knitters in the Sun; Otto the Knight, and other Trans-Mississippi Stories; Stories of a Western Town; An Adventure in Photography; Expiation. Hou. Scr.

=French, Benjamin Franklin.= Va., 1799-1877. A writer of New Orleans and subsequently of New York city. Biographia Americana; Memoirs of Eminent Female Writers; Historical Collections of Louisiana; History of the Iron Trade in the United States; Historical Annals of North America.

=French, Henry Willard.= Ct., 1853- ----. A lecturer and miscellaneous writer of Boston. Art and Artists in Connecticut; Our Boys in China; Our Boys in India; Through Arctics and Tropics; Gems of Genius; Nuna the Brahmin Girl; Lance of Kehama; Oscar Peterson; Colonel Thorndike’s Adventures; and the novels, The Only One; Castle Foam; Ego. Le. Lo.

=French, John William.= Ct., 1809-1871. An Episcopal clergyman of Washington, 1842-56, and from the latter date till his death professor of ethics at West Point. He was the author of a work on Practical Ethics.

=French, Mrs. L. Virginia [Smith].= Va., 1830-1881. A writer and educator of Memphis. Wind Whispers, a collection of poems; Legend of the South; Iztalixo, a Tragedy; My Roses, the Romance of a June Day.

=French, William Henry.= Md., 1815-1881. An officer who served in the army of the United States during the Mexican, Seminole, and Civil wars. His only published work is a manual of Instruction for Field Artillery.

=Freneau= [frē-nō´], =Philip.= N. Y., 1752-1832. A journalist of New York city who, during the Revolution, produced much patriotic verse that was very effective as well as popular, though none of it is marked by any high degree of excellence. Poems of Philip Freneau, written chiefly during the Late War (1786); Poems Written between the Years 1768 and 1794; Poems Written and Published during the American Revolution; Collection of Poems on American Affairs. Among his prose writings are, The Philosopher of the Forest; Essays by Robert Slender. See American Literatures by Hart, Nichol, and Richardson. Cr.

=Frey, Albert Romer.= N. Y., 1858- ----. A writer of New York city upon Shakesperean and dramatic topics, who has also published a work upon Sobriquets and Nicknames. Hou.

=Frey, Joseph Samuel Christian Frederick.= G., 1773-1850. A clergyman of Jewish descent who became a Christian in 1798, and, after coming to America in 1816, was for some ten years a Presbyterian minister and subsequently a Baptist preacher, especially active as a missionary to the Jews. Narrative of My Life: Hebrew Bible; Hebrew Grammar; Judah and Israel; Joseph and Benjamin; The Passover; Scripture Types.

=Frieze, Henry Simmons.= Ms., 1817-1889. A professor of Latin in the University of Michigan from 1854 until his death. He published editions of Quintilian and Virgil’s Æneid, and was the author of The Story of Giovanni Dupré.

=Frisbie, Levi.= Ct., 1748-1806. A Congregational clergyman of Ipswich, Massachusetts, who published Sermons and Orations.

=Frisbie, Levi.= Ms., 1783-1822. Son of L. Frisbie, supra. A tutor and professor at Harvard College from 1805 till his death. Miscellaneous Writings of Professor Frisbie, edited with Memoir by Andrews Norton, infra, appeared in 1823.

=Fritschel, Gottfried Leonhard Wilhelm.= G., 1836-1889. A Lutheran clergyman who came from Germany to the United States in 1857, and was a professor of theology in the seminary at Mendota, Illinois, from that time. He published (in German) Meditations on the Passion of Christ; History of Protestant Missions among North American Indians in the 17th and 18th Centuries.

=Frost, John.= Me., 1800-1859. An educator of Philadelphia who was a prolific writer and compiler of historical and other works of indifferent merit. Their number was very great, and the sale of some of them extensive. Among them are, Beauties of English History; Beauties of French History; Wild Scenes in a Hunter’s Life; Pioneer Mothers in the West; The Presidents of the United States; Pictorial History of the United States; History of the World. Har. Le.

=Frothingham, Ellen.= Ms., 1835-1902. Daughter of N. L. Frothingham, infra. A Bostonian who published several fine translations from Lessing (The Laocoön); Auerbach; Goethe (Hermann and Dorothea); Grillparzer (Sappho); “Marie-Herbert” (Poems of Therese).

=Frothingham, Nathaniel Langdon.= Ms., 1793-1870. A Unitarian clergyman of Boston whose writing displays singular grace and refinement. Deism or Christianity; Sermons in the Order of a Twelvemonth; Metrical Pieces, Original and Translated.

=Frothingham, Octavius Brooks.= Ms., 1822-1895. Son of N. L. Frothingham, supra. A Unitarian clergyman of extremely radical views who resigned his charge in New York city in 1879, and returned to Boston the next year, devoting the remainder of his life to literary pursuits. He was at one period art critic for the New York Tribune. Stories from the Lips of the Teacher; Stories from the Old Testament; The Religion of Humanity; The Cradle of the Christ; Memoir of W. H. Channing, supra; The Safest Creed; Beliefs of the Unbelievers; Creed and Conduct; The Spirit of the New Faith; The Rising and the Setting Faith; Visions of the Future; Lives of Gerrit Smith, George Ripley, Theodore Parker; History of New England Transcendentalism; Boston Unitarianism; Recollections and Impressions. Hou. Put.

=Frothingham, Richard.= Ms., 1812-1880. A journalist and local historian of Charlestown, Massachusetts. History of the Siege of Boston; The Rise of the Republic; History of Charlestown; Life of General Joseph Warren; The Command in the Battle of Bunker Hill. Lit.

=Frothingham, Washington.= N. Y., 1822- ----. A Presbyterian clergyman of Albany. Atheos, or Tragedies of Unbelief; The Martel Papers: Scenes in the Reign of Terror.

=Fry, James Barnet.= Il., 1827-1894. A colonel and brevet major-general in the United States army who was retired from active service in 1881, and thereafter lived in New York city. Sketch of the Adjutant-General’s Department, 1775-1875; Historical and Legal Effects of Brevets in Great Britain and the United States from their Origin in 1692; Army Sacrifices; McDowell and Tyler in the Campaign of Bull Run; Operations of the Army under Buell; New York and Conscription.

=Fuller, Andrew S----.= N. Y., 1828-1896. A horticultural writer and journalist of New York city, editor of Woodward’s Record of Horticulture. The Fruit Tree Culturist; The Grape Culturist; The Small Fruit Culturist; The Strawberry Culturist; Practical Forestry; The Propagation of Plants; The Nut Culturist.

=Fuller, Anna.= Ms., 1853- ----. A Boston novelist. Pratt Portraits; A Literary Courtship; Peak and Prairie; A Venetian June. Put.

=Fuller, Edward.= N. Y., 1860- ----. A Boston journalist, subsequently on the staff of the Providence Journal. The Complaining Millions of Men, a novel of social conditions in Boston.

=Fuller, Henry Blake.= Il., 1857- ----. A novelist of Chicago. The Chevalier of Pensieri-Vani; The Chatelaine of La Trinité; The Cliff Dwellers; With the Procession; The Puppet-Booth, twelve one-act plays. Cent. Har.

=Fuller, Hiram.= Ms., c. 1815-1880. A journalist of New York city who at the outset of the Civil War supported the Confederate cause, and emigrated to England on that account. Subsequently he became an adventurer in Paris. The Groton Letters; Belle Brittan on a Tour; Sparks from a Locomotive; Grand Transformation Scenes in the United States.

=Fuller, Margaret.= See Ossoli.

=Fuller, Richard.= S. C., 1804-1876. A Baptist clergyman of Charleston, and subsequently of Baltimore. Argument on Baptist Close Communion; Sermons; Scriptural Baptism.

=Fuller, Richard Frederick.= Ms., 1821-1869. Brother of M. Fuller, supra. A lawyer of Boston who published Visions in Verse; Chaplain Fuller, a life of his brother Arthur.

=Fuller, Samuel.= N. Y., 1802-1895. An Episcopal clergyman, professor at the Berkeley Divinity School, Middletown, Connecticut. Confirmation, its Authority and Nature; The Revelation of St. John Self-Interpreted.

=Fuller, Samuel Richard.= Ms., 1850- ----. Son of S. Fuller, supra. An Episcopal clergyman of Massachusetts. Personality, a volume of Sermons. Hou.

=Fullerton, George Stuart.= E. I., 1859- ----. An Episcopal clergyman, professor of moral philosophy in the University of Pennsylvania. The Conception of the Infinite and the Solution of the Mathematical Antinomies, a psychological treatise; A Plain Argument for God. Lip.

=Fullerton, William Morton.= Ct., 1865- ----. A journalist in Boston for several years, and since 1890 a member of the Paris staff of the London Times. Cairo, a descriptive essay; Patriotism and Science, a collection of essays. Mac. Rob.

=Fulton, John.= S., 1834- ----. An Episcopal clergyman noted as an able exponent of canon law, and professor of that subject at the Episcopal Divinity School in Philadelphia. Letters on Christian Unity; Index Canonum; The Laws of Marriage; Documentary History of the Episcopal Church in the Confederate States; The Beautiful Land, a description of Palestine; The Chalcedonian Decree. Wh.

=Fulton, Justin Dewey.= N. Y., 1828-1901. A Baptist clergyman, prominent in Boston and Brooklyn for his continued and violent attacks upon the Roman Catholic Church. The Roman Catholic Element in American History; The True Woman; Show Your Colors, a story of Boston Life; The Way Out; Witnessing for the Truth, or the Overthrow of the Papacy; Rome in America, include the most of his work, which is of interest as an example of religious bigotry if for no other reason.

=Furness, Mrs. Helen Kate [Rogers].= 1837-1883. Wife of H. H. Furness, infra. A Shakespearean scholar of Philadelphia who published A Concordance to the Poems of Shakespeare. Lip.

=Furness, Horace Howard.= Pa., 1833- ----. Son of W. H. Furness, infra. A distinguished Shakespearean scholar of Philadelphia, widely known in the literary world for his scholarly and exhaustive variorum editions of King Lear, Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Merchant of Venice, As You Like It, Midsummer Night’s Dream, and others of Shakespeare’s plays. Lip.

=Furness, William Henry.= Ms., 1802-1896. A Unitarian clergyman of Philadelphia, from 1825 to 1875 pastor of the Unitarian church in that city. A theologian of radical views, but reverent temper. The Unconscious Truth of the Four Gospels; Jesus and his Biographers; History of Jesus; Thoughts on the Life and Character of Jesus; The Story of the Resurrection Told Once More; The Power of Spirit; Discourses; The Veil Lifted and Jesus becoming Visible; Verses: Translations and Hymns; The Faith of Jesus; a much admired translation of Schiller’s Song of the Bell. See Harvard Graduates’ Magazine, June, 1896. El. Lip.

=Futhey, John Smith.= Pa., 1820-1888. A lawyer and antiquarian of Eastern Pennsylvania. History of Chester County; Historical Collections of Chester County.

G

=Gage, Mrs. Frances Dana [Barker].= O., 1808-1884. A prominent advocate of woman-suffrage who lectured much on that subject as well as upon temperance and anti-slavery. Elsie Magoon, a temperance story; Poems; Gertie’s Sacrifice; Nightcaps, a Series of Books; Sparks Upward. She wrote much over the signature “Aunt Fanny.” Lip.

=Gage, Mrs. Matilda Joslyn.= N. Y., 1826-1898. A noted woman suffragist of Fayetteville, New York. Woman’s Rights Catechism; Woman as an Inventor; Woman, Church, and State; History of Woman Suffrage (with Miss Anthony and Mrs. Stanton). Ke.

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