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The Principles of Biology, Volume 2 (of 2)

Spencer, Herbert · Public domain text

221,096 words · about 15 h 29 min to read

About this edition

The text of The Principles of Biology, Volume 2 (of 2) comes from Project Gutenberg e-text #67282. It is public domain in the United States. Project Gutenberg’s header and license text are removed, and RedLectern sets the text out for reading on screen; no words of the book are rewritten or summarized. More formats (EPUB, Kindle) · How RedLectern is built

This text-only edition leaves out 97 illustrations. See the illustrated edition at Project Gutenberg.

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About this book

Author
Herbert Spencer (1820–1903)
Language
English
Subjects
Biology
Length
221,096 words · about 15 h 29 min
Sections
43 reader sections · Table of contents
Contents (43)
  1. Opening under 1 min
  2. Preface about 4 min
  3. I. THE PROBLEMS OF MORPHOLOGY about 18 min
  4. II. THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF PLANTS about 21 min
  5. Chapter III about 58 min
  6. IV. THE MORPHOLOGICAL COMPOSITION OF ANIMALS about 29 min
  7. Chapter V about 20 min
  8. VI. MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION IN PLANTS about 8 min
  9. VII. THE GENERAL SHAPES OF PLANTS about 13 min
  10. VIII. THE SHAPES OF BRANCHES about 8 min
  11. IX. THE SHAPES OF LEAVES about 9 min
  12. X. THE SHAPES OF FLOWERS about 16 min
  13. XI. THE SHAPES OF VEGETAL CELLS about 3 min
  14. XII. CHANGES OF SHAPE OTHERWISE CAUSED about 4 min
  15. XIII. MORPHOLOGICAL DIFFERENTIATION IN ANIMALS about 3 min
  16. XIV. THE GENERAL SHAPES OF ANIMALS about 27 min
  17. XV. THE SHAPES OF VERTEBRATE SKELETONS about 25 min
  18. XVI. THE SHAPES OF ANIMAL CELLS about 2 min
  19. XVII. SUMMARY OF MORPHOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT about 6 min
  20. I. THE PROBLEMS OF PHYSIOLOGY about 6 min
  21. Chapter II about 9 min
  22. III. DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THE OUTER TISSUES OF PLANTS about 27 min
  23. IV. DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THE INNER TISSUES OF PLANTS.[49] about 27 min
  24. V. PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN PLANTS about 9 min
  25. Chapter VI about 12 min
  26. VII. DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THE OUTER TISSUES OF ANIMALS about 19 min
  27. VIII. DIFFERENTIATIONS AMONG THE INNER TISSUES OF ANIMALS about 1 h 10 min
  28. IX. PHYSIOLOGICAL INTEGRATION IN ANIMALS about 15 min
  29. X. SUMMARY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT about 15 min
  30. X. ^A about 17 min
  31. I. THE FACTORS.[52] about 7 min
  32. Chapter II about 9 min
  33. III. OBVERSE À PRIORI PRINCIPLE about 10 min
  34. IV. DIFFICULTIES OF INDUCTIVE VERIFICATION about 9 min
  35. V. ANTAGONISM BETWEEN GROWTH AND ASEXUAL GENESIS about 10 min
  36. VI. ANTAGONISM BETWEEN GROWTH AND SEXUAL GENESIS about 16 min
  37. Chapter VII about 7 min
  38. VIII. ANTAGONISM BETWEEN EXPENDITURE AND GENESIS about 11 min
  39. IX. COINCIDENCE BETWEEN HIGH NUTRITION AND GENESIS about 14 min
  40. X. SPECIALITIES OF THESE RELATIONS about 14 min
  41. XI. INTERPRETATION AND QUALIFICATION about 11 min
  42. XII. MULTIPLICATION OF THE HUMAN RACE about 19 min
  43. XIII. HUMAN POPULATION IN THE FUTURE about 4 h 51 min

The opening of Preface

TO THE REVISED AND ENLARGED EDITION OF VOL. II.

To the statements made in the preface to the first volume of this revised edition, there must here be added a few having special reference to this second volume.

One of them is that the revision has not been carried out in quite the same way, but in a way somewhat less complete. When reviewing the first volume a friendly critic, Prof. Lloyd Morgan, said:--

“But though the intellectual weight has also been augmented, it is an open question whether it would not have been wiser to leave intact a treatise, &c... relegating corrections and additions to notes and appendices.”

I think that Prof. Morgan is right. Though at the close of the preface to volume I, I wrote:--“in all sections not marked as new, the essential ideas set forth are the same as they were in the original edition of 1864,” yet the reader who has not read this statement, or does not bear it in mind, will suppose that all or most of the enunciated conceptions are of recent date, whereas only a small part of them are.

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