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THE PRACTICE OF OSTEOPATHY
CARL PHILIP McCONNELL
President American Osteopathic Association, 1904-05. Formerly of the Faculty American School of Osteopathy. Member of the Faculty Chicago College of Osteopathy
CHARLES CLAYTON TEALL
President American Osteopathic Association, 1902-03. Dean of the Faculty and Professor of Practice and Clinical Osteopathy American School of Osteopathy. Editor Journal of Osteopathy
FOURTH EDITION
Rewritten in collaboration with osteopathic specialists of note with much new and original matter
1920 JOURNAL PRINTING CO. KIRKSVILLE, MO.
COPYRIGHT 1920 CARL PHILIP MCCONNELL AND CHARLES CLAYTON TEALL
DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF ANDREW TAYLOR STILL
FIRST EDITION 1899 SECOND EDITION 1902 THIRD EDITION 1906 FOURTH EDITION 1920
PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION
A science is said to be known by its literature and, if that be true, Osteopathy is backward for there are few available books on the subject for the student and investigator although there is a vast amount of unclassified journalistic matter. A pretentious start was made and, for a time, it appeared that we should have texts on all subjects for the teaching of Osteopathy but, for reasons not necessary to give here, these books did not live although their value and need was never questioned.
The third edition of the Practice of Osteopathy was exhausted very soon after publication and there have been insistent calls for a fourth which is now presented with the hope that it will find as friendly a reception as was accorded the previous editions. Close attention to current literature has been given and reports from experienced practitioners in the field has been sought and this material made use of wherever possible. Besides this, certain sections have been written by specialists in their several lines whose signed articles we confidently present. The subject of osteopathic practice has been handled to avoid undue optimism in the light of experience but, also, not to lose sight of the fact that osteopathy won its way by performing the so-called impossible in a multitude of cases. Therefore, it has been thought best not to draw a hard and fast line on our limitations.
The border line between osteopathy and surgery has been demonstrated as well as can be done on paper without the actual patient in hand. Medical literature has been called upon to give its store of knowledge wherever our needs have appeared and all osteopathic prints have, also, given from their accumulated wisdom and experience.
The authors acknowledge, with thanks, this information from the many writers for osteopathic journals who have created a great fund of knowledge on osteopathic subjects and particularly those who have contributed special sections.
CARL PHILIP MCCONNELL. CHARLES CLAYTON TEALL.
1920.
“Osteopathy is not so much a question of books as it is of intelligence. A successful osteopath is in all cases, or should be, a person of individuality with a mechanical eye behind all motions or efforts to readjust any part of the body to its original normality, because unguided force is dangerous, often doing harm and failing to give relief that should be the reward of well directed skill.”—A. T. STILL.
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS
RAYMOND W. BAILEY, D. O.
Former member of the faculty, Philadelphia College of Osteopathy.
(Defective Children)
EDGAR S. COMSTOCK, D. O.
Professor of Principles of Osteopathy, and of Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Chicago College of Osteopathy.
(Infectious Diseases)
J. DEASON, M.S., Ph. G., D. O.
Professor of Rhinology, Laryngology and Otology, Chicago College of Osteopathy.
(Ear, Nose and Throat)
L. VAN HORN GERDINE, A. M., M. D., D. O.
Neurologist, Still-Hildreth Sanatorium.
(Mental Diseases)
A. G. HILDRETH, D. O.
Superintendent, Still-Hildreth Sanatorium.
(Mental Diseases)
H. S. HAIN, D. O.
Professor of Orthopedics, American School of Osteopathy, Orthopedic Surgeon, A. S. O. Hospitals.
(Deformities)
EARL R. HOSKINS, Sc. B., D. O.
Professor of Clinical Osteopathy, X-Radiance and Diagnosis, Chicago College of Osteopathy.
(Diseases of the Blood)
CHARLES J. MUTTART, D. O.
Professor of Diagnosis and Technique and of Gastroenterology, Philadelphia College of Osteopathy.
(Diseases of the Stomach)
GEORGE M. MCCOLE, D. O.
Osteopathic Practitioner and Writer.
(Influenza)
CHARLES C. REID, M. D., D. O.
President, Denver Polyclinic and Post-Graduate College.
(Ophthalmology)
GEORGE A. STILL, M. S., M. D., D. O.
Professor of Surgery, American School of Osteopathy, Surgeon in Chief, A. S. O. Hospitals.
(Post-Operative Treatment)
Part I
INTRODUCTION 17
OSTEOPATHIC ETIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY 24
Osteopathic lesion; Etiological factors; Osseous lesion; Muscular lesion; Ligamentous lesion; Visceral lesion; Composite lesion; Pathology; Spinal lesions; Proof.
OSTEOPATHIC DIAGNOSIS AND PROGNOSIS 38
The Spine; Examination; Vertebræ; Position in examination; Neck, Head and Face, Atlas, Axis, Skull, Third Cervical, Muscles of the Neck, Temporo-Maxillary Articulation, Scalp, Ribs, Clavicle, Sternum, Dorso-Lumbar, Thorax, Abdomen, Gall Bladder, Spleen, Stomach, Intestines, Kidneys, Lumbar, Pelvis, Coccyx, Arms, Legs.
OSTEOPATHIC PROGNOSIS 56
OSTEOPATHIC TECHNIQUE 60
Sense of touch, Definite principles, General treatment, Position, Neck, Head, Ribs, Dorsal, Lumbar, Abdomen, Pelvis, Legs, Arms, How often to treat, Length of treatment, Over-treatment, Misapplied treatment.
OSTEOPATHIC CENTERS, STIMULATION, INHIBITION, READJUSTMENT, VASOMOTOR AND SENSORY NERVES 88
SPINAL CURVATURE 96
POTT’S DISEASE 102
SPRAINS 104
FLAT FOOT 112
FRACTURES 115
POSTURAL DEFECTS 120
Round Shoulders, Painful Shoulders, Pendulous Abdomen, Postural Curvature of the Spinal Column.
PROLAPSED ORGANS 133
Prolapsed and Dilated Stomach, Prolapsed Kidney, Liver Prolapse, Prolapsed Intestines, Prolapsed Uterus, Ovarian Displacements.
SKIN DISEASES 147
Eczema, Herpes Simplex, Herpes Zoster, Urticaria, Acne.
ANIMAL PARASITES 151
Tape Worm, Round Worm, Pin Worm, Hook Worm, Trichiniasis, Filaria.
HEMORRHAGES 160
Epistaxis, Hemoptysis, Hematemesis, Intestinal Hemorrhage, Hematuria, Uterine Hemorrhage.
HICCOUGHS 165
VARICOSE VEINS 166
PHLEBITIS 168
THE RECTUM 169
Local Treatment, Proctitis, Hemorrhoids, Rectal Conditions.
GENITO-URINARY 175
Prostate Gland, Acute Prostatitis, Chronic Prostatitis, Seminal Vesicles, Varicocele, Impotency.
HEAT STROKE 180
DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 183
Examination of the Eye, Ciliospinal Center, Somatic Reflexes, Accommodation in the Eye, The Ophthalmoscope, Diseases of the Eye, Neuralgia, Diseases of the Eyelids, Lachrymal Apparatus, Conjunctiva, Ophthalmia Neonatorum, Trachoma, Phlyctenular Conjunctivitis, Vernal Conjunctivitis, Diseases of the Cornea, Examination, Ulcer, Xerosis, Keratitis Neuropatalytica, Pannus, Phlyctenular Keratitis, Interstitial Keratitis, Diseases of the Iris and Ciliary Body, Diseases of the Choroid, Glaucoma, Diseases of the Lens, Cataract, Diseases of the Retina, Optic Neuritis, Optic Atrophy, Asthenopia.
DISEASES OF THE EAR, NOSE AND THROAT 236
Examination, Diseases of the Auditory Meatus, Diseases of the Middle Ear, Acute Mastoiditis, Chronic Mastoiditis, Otitis Media, Catarrhal Deafness, Normal Hearing, Diseases of the Middle Ear, Diseases of the Nose, Rhinitis, Hay Fever, Sinuitis, Epistaxis, Diseases of the Nasopharynx, Adenoids, Diseases of the Oropharynx, Tonsillitis, Tonsillectomy, Quinsy.
MENTAL DISEASES 282
Dementia Praecox, Delirium, Confusion and Stupor, Manic Depressive Psychosis, Involutional Psychosis, Senile Dementia.
DEFECTIVE CHILDREN 303
Tendencies, Amentia, Treatment.
POST-OPERATIVE TREATMENT 312
Vomiting, Backache and Headache, Neuritis, Phlebitis, Nephritis, Pleurisy, Pneumonia.
Part II
INFECTIOUS DISEASES Fever 325 Typhoid Fever 329 Typhus Fever 344 Malarial Fever 347 Septicemia 355 Pyemia 356 Dengue 356 Cerebrospinal Meningitis 358 Diphtheria 362 Dysentery 368 Acute Ileocolitis 368 Amebic Dysentery 370 Chronic Dysentery 371 Erysipelas 372 Yellow Fever 374 Tetanus 377 Simple Continued Fever 379 Tuberculosis 380 Influenza 399
ACUTE ERUPTIVE FEVERS 412 Smallpox 413 Varioloid 420 Vaccination 424 Scarlet Fever 428 Measles 437 Rubella 444 Varicella 446 Mumps 449 Whooping Cough 452
CONSTITUTIONAL DISEASES Rheumatic Fever 457 Chronic Articular Rheumatism 460 Arthritis Deformans 462 Muscular Rheumatism 465 Gout 467 Diabetes Mellitus 470 Diabetes Insipidus 476 Rickets 478 Obesity 480 Scurvy 481 Infantile Scurvy 482 Purpura 483 Hemophilia 484
DISEASES OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Stomatitis 487 Catarrhal Stomatitis 487 Aphthous Stomatitis 488 Ulcerative Stomatitis 488 Parasitic Stomatitis 489
Diseases of the Gastro-intestinal Tract Applied Anatomy 490 Acute Gastritis 502 Chronic Gastritis 505 Gastric Neuroses 510 Gastric and Duodenal Ulcer 513 Dilatation of the Stomach 517 Gastroptosis and Enteroptosis 521
Diseases of the Intestines Acute Diarrhea 523 Chronic Diarrhea and Mucous Colitis 526 Diarrhea in Children 529 Acute Dyspeptic Diarrhea 529 Cholera Infantum 531 Acute Enterocolitis 532 Cholera Morbus 533 Intestinal Colic 535 Constipation 537 Intestinal Obstruction 541 Hernia 547 Appendicitis 547
Diseases of the Liver and Bile Duct Hyperemia of the Liver 554 Simple Catarrhal Jaundice 555 Cholecystitis 557 Jaundice 558 Cirrhosis of the Liver 560 Fatty Liver 562 Amyloid Liver 562 Gall-stones 563
Diseases of the Spleen Splenitis 567
DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT Acute Laryngitis 569 Chronic Catarrhal Laryngitis 570 Laryngismus Stridulus 572 Spasmodic Laryngitis 573 Tuberculous Laryngitis 575 Syphilitic Laryngitis 577 Edematous Laryngitis 577
Diseases of the Bronchi Acute Bronchitis 579 Chronic Bronchitis 582 Fibrinous Bronchitis 585 Bronchiectasis 587 Bronchial Asthma 589
Diseases of the Lungs Emphysema 592 Acute Lobar Pneumonia 597 Bronchopneumonia 605 Chronic Interstitial Pneumonia 609 Congestion of the Lungs 610 Edema of the Lungs 611
Diseases of the Pleura Pleurisy 611 Acute Pleurisy 612 Serofibrinous Pleurisy 612 Chronic Pleurisy 615
DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM Diseases of the Kidneys Renal Hyperemia 617 Acute Parenchymatous Nephritis 618 Chronic Parenchymatous Nephritis 621 Interstitial Nephritis 624 Amyloid Kidney 626 Pyelitis 627 Uremia 628 Renal Calculus 631
Diseases of the Bladder Cystitis 635
DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Diseases of the Pericardium Pericarditis 638 Endocarditis 641 Chronic Endocarditis 645 Hypertrophy of the Heart 655 Dilatation of the Heart 657 Myocarditis 659 Degeneration of the Heart Muscle 661 Neuroses of the Heart 662 Angina Pectoris 666
Diseases of the Arteries Arteriosclerosis 669
DISEASES OF THE BLOOD General Consideration 671 The Anemias 672 Costogenic Anemia 674 Chlorosis 676 Pernicious Anemia 678 The Leucemias 680 Splenomedullary Leucemia 681 Lymphatic Leucemia 682 Hodgkin’s Disease 684
DISEASES OF THE THYROID GLAND Congestion 686 Inflammation of the Thyroid 686 Simple Goiter 687 Exophthalmic Goiter 690 Myxedema 697 Cretinism 698
DISEASES OF THE PARATHYROID GLAND Tetany 699 Diseases of the Thymus 702 Diseases of the Adrenal Glands 703 Addison’s Disease 704
DISEASES OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
Diseases of the Nerves Neuritis 706 Neuralgia 710
Diseases of the Cranial Nerves Olfactory 715 Optic 715 Motor Oculi 716 Patheticus 716 Trigeminus 717 Facial 717 Auditory 718 Glosso-Pharyngeal 718 Pneumogastric 718 Spinal Accessory 719 Hypoglossal 719
Diseases of the Spinal Nerves Cervical Nerves 719 Phrenic Nerve 720 Brachial Plexus 721 Dorsal Nerves 721 Lumbar Nerves 722 Sacral Nerves 722
GENERAL AND FUNCTIONAL DISEASES Paralysis Agitans 723 Acute Chorea 725 Choreiform Affections 727 Infantile Convulsions 728 Epilepsy 729 Migraine 736 Occupation Neurosis 738 Hysteria 740 Neurasthenia 744
DISEASES OF THE SPINAL CORD Acute Myelitis 748 Poliomyelitis 750 Acute Ascending Paralysis 753 Locomotor Ataxia 754 Friedreich’s Ataxia 759 Spastic Paraplegia 760 Ataxic Paraplegia 761 Syringomyelia 761 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 763 Progressive Muscular Atrophy 764 Bulbar Paralysis 765
ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY Scoliosis 767 Functional Curvature 773 Organic Curvature 774 Congenital Dislocation of the Hip 778 Talipes 784 Pott’s Disease 788 Hip-Joint Disease 791 Tuberculosis of the Knee Joint 793 The Plaster Cast Bandage 795 Index 799
PART FIRST