INDEX
Aa, Aê, Ea (Aos), 17, 26, 56, 61, 77; ? the same name as Yâ, 59, 112; transferred to Merodach, 32, 113; his other names and titles, 62; abode and form, 62, 63; offspring, attendants, and consort, 63, 64; parentage, 17, 64; god of handicrafts, rivers, and water, the sea and life therein, 62, 63; ever ready with counsel, 64; warns Pir-napištim of the coming of the Flood, commands him to build a ship, and tells him what to say to the people, 102; reproaches Ellila, 107; deifies Pir-napištim, 107, 108; worshipped at Eridu, 160; month Iyyar dedicated to him, 65; figures of Aa, 247
Aa (Aê, Ea), Yâ, Ya’u, names containing, 59, 546
Aa (goddess), 160
Aah-mes, Egyptian captain of marines, 270
Aah-mes, Pharaoh, 269, 270
Aa-ibur-sabû, Babylon’s festival street, 405, 472
Aa-rammu of Edom, 374
Abarakku, 258
Abdi-Aširta (Abdi-Aširti, Abdi-Ašratum, Abdi-Aštarti), the Amorite, 278, 293; the forms of his name, 313; writes to the king of Egypt, 314
Abdi-îli (Abdeel), 157
Abdi-li’iti of Arvad, 374
Abdi-milkutti of Sidon beheaded, 386
Abdi-tâba of Jerusalem, 233; in a different position from Melchizedek, 235; writes to the king of Egypt, 294, 295, 297-299; see also 293
Abed-nego (Abed-nebo), the Babylonian name of Azariah, 129, 403
Abel-Beth-Maachah, 352, 353
Abēšu’ (Ebisum), king, 153, 155; his daughter hires a field, 167
Abi-baal of Samsimuruna, 386
Abil-Addu-nathānu, life of, 459 ff.
Abil-akka, 352
Abil-Sin, king, 153
Abi-nadib (Abinadab), 438, 439
Ablum, “son,” as a personal name, 547
Abram, Abraham, his parentage, meaning of his first name, and traditions concerning him, 146, 147, 196; a Chaldean or Babylonian, 147; probable Assyrian form of his name, 148; the importance of his period, 149 ff.; his seeming mistrust of the sons of Heth, 150, 151; was there a movement towards monotheism in his time? 198, 199; the Sabeans dedicate a chapel to him, 203; the field of Abram, 552
Abrech, Sayce’s explanation of, 258
Abriqqu, 258
Absence of names of Egyptian kings, 250
Abubu, one of the weapons of Merodach, 24
Abu-habbah (Sippar), 158, 411
Abu-ramu, 148
Abydenus, 63, 384, 385, 393
Abyss, the, measured by Merodach, 26. See Apsū, Apason
Accad, a city of Nimrod’s kingdom, 118. See Akkad
Accho, 277; lawless acts of the people, 281, 282, 360, 374
Accusation, false, 501 (127)
Achzib (Akzibi), 374
Act of God, 513, 523
Adad-’idri, 329; resists the Assyrian king, 334, 335; = Ben-Hadad, 337
Adad-nirari of Assyria, 279
Adad-nirari, king of Nuḫašše, 317
Adad-nirari III., king, 339, 342, 344; inscriptions of, 340, 341, 343
Adam, various etymologies of the word, 78; adam in the bilingual story of the Creation, 78, 79
Adamah, 292
Adaya, 297
Addu (Hadad), 157, 170, 277
Adini of Til-barsip, 328
Administration, 493, 494
Adonis (see Dumuzi, Tammuz), 82, 279
Adoni-zedek, 324
Adoption, 173, 175 177, 463, 465, 508, 509, 525, 553 ff.
Adram(m)elech, 378, 384, 385
Adultery, 501, 502
Aesculapius, the serpent, and the magic herb, 109 n.
Agad, Agadé, 124, 412, 422; its temple-tower, 136; misfortunes sung, 477. See Akkad
Agaditess, lamentation of the, 477
Agents and travelling merchants, laws concerning, 495
Agricultural implements, theft of, 513
Ahab (Ahabbu of the Sir’ilâa), 329-331, 335, 337, 338
Ahaz and Tiglath-pileser, 353, 356
Aḫi-milki of Ashdod, 386
Aḫi-miti of Ashdod, 369
Aḫi-tâbu (Ahiṭub), 281
Ahuni of Til-barsip, 328
Ahuramazda, 426, 427
Ain-anab, 293
Ainsworth, W. F., his description of the ruins of Haran, 200
Ajalon, 280, 297
Akizzi, king of Qatua, 289-290, 317
Akkad (Accad), 119; references to the country and its language, 121, 412; the ideograph for, 122; in early times a collection of small states, 123; names of their capitals, 124; the gods of, 415; revolt in, 415; weeping in, 416
Akkad, the city (Agadé), 124, 135
Akkadian, Akkadians, 119, 120, 121; probably migrants, 134; will overthrow the nations, 123; their language that of most of the earlier inscriptions, 124; its gradual disuse, 125; disappearance of their specific racial type, 125; their literature current also in Assyria, 126; their laws retained, 125; transcription and translations of inscriptions, 219-221
Akkû (Accho), 374
Alašia (? Cyprus), 277
Al Aštarti, city, 278
Al bêth Ninip, “the city of the temple of Ninip,” 278
Aleppo, 304, 329
Allala-bird, Ištar breaks his wings, 96
Allat, the temple of, 182
Alliance by marriage, 276
Amadeh, 273
Amāna, the god Ammon, 278
Ama-namtagga, “the mother of sin,” 532
Amanus mountains, 349, 368
Amaru, a name of Merodach, 54
Amar-uduk (Merodach), 54
Amasis, pharaoh, Babylonian vassal, 401
Amattu (Hamath), 363
Amedi, city, 372
Amen-em-heb, officer of Thothmes III., 272
Ameni (Amen-em-ha), inscription of, 261
Amenophis II., 273; Amenophis III., 274, 316; Amenophis IV., 269, 293, 299, 302; his names, 303
Amherst of Hackney, Lord, his tablet mentioning Ostanes, 544
Amki, the cities of, 288, 289, 317
Ammani’ita, goddess, 561
Amminadab (Ammi-nadbi) of Beth-Ammon, 389
Ammi-ṭitana, king, 153; extent of his dominions, 155; letter from, 165; lord of Amurrū, 215
Ammi-zaduga, king, 153; tablet dated in his reign, 168, 332
Ammonites (Amanians), 329, 333
Ammurabi, a form of the name Hammurabi, 209
Ammurapi (Hammurabi), 210
Amna, a name of the sun-god, 144
Amon (the god Ammon), 278
Amoria (the land of the Amorites), 155, 205, 206, 207, 208, 374, 422
Amorite, Amorites, 156, 157, 300; in Babylonia, 169, 277, 310; tribute from the, 328, 341; their kings do homage to Cyrus, 422; their deities, 156, 170 n.; names, 170
Amorite tract, the, 169, 312
Amorite, an, the father of Jerusalem, 316
Amosis, the prince who knew not Joseph, 307
’Amq, identified with Amki, 289
Amraphel (Hammurabi), 125, 152; identified with Hammurabi by Prof. Schrader, 209; explanations of the final l, 211; colophon-dates of his reign, 211-214; his successor, 153, 187, 188
Amtheta, mother of Abram, 146
Amu, the ethnic name of the “impure” Hyksos kings, 265
Amurrū (the land of the Amorites), 122, 134, 155, 205, 206 (207), 208, 328, 341; ruled over by Sargon of Agadé, 215; claimed by Ḫammurabi, 215; ruled by Ammi-ṭitana, 311; the cuneiform ideographs for, 122, 311, 312; used for “west,” 311
Amurrū (the god), 156, 312
Amurrū (personal name), 157
Amytis, 407
Anab, 293
Anamimi, the spring of, 305
“An eye for an eye,” etc., 509, 522
Animals created by Merodach, 40; animals sent into the ark, 103, 117; animals held in honour at On, 264, 265
Ankh-kheperu-Ra, “the beloved” of Amenophis IV., 303
Anman-ila, king, 54 n., 154
Annihilation, the, of Assyria, 393
Annunit, 224. See Anunitum
Anos (= Anu), 17
Ansan, city, 411, 420, 421
Anšar and Kišar, production of, 16; their names, 65; connection of Anšar with Asshur, 66; identity of the two deities, 66; similar names, 67
Anšar and the revolt of Tiamtu, 20
Antiochus (Epiphanes), tablet referring to his reign, 480, 561
Anu, god of the heavens, 16; asked to subdue Tiamtu, 20; fails, 21; mentioned with Ištar, 41; worshipped at Erech, 160, 231; Merodach founds a place for him, 26; he joins with other deities to send a flood, 101
Anu-Bêl, the god, 482, 483
Anunitum, goddess of Sippar, 160; Nabonidus’ and Belshazzar’s offerings to her temple, 445, 450
Anunnaki (spirits or gods of the earth), creation of, 40; present at the Flood, 104
Aos (Aa, Aê, or Ea), 17. See Aa
Apam’a (Apameia), city, 484
Apason (Apsū, the primæval ocean), 16; husband of Tauthé (Tiamtu), 17
Apharsathchites, the, 391
Apharsites, the, 391
Aphek, city, 330
Apophis (’Apop’i), 262
Apparazu, city, 334
Apprenticeage, 508
Apsū (= Apason), the primæval ocean, the abyss, 17; non-existent at the beginning, 39; its fountain, 41, 44; E-sagila there, 40, 43; the abode of Tammuz, 43
Arabia, Sennacherib, king of, 378, 381
Arabians (Arbâa), 329, 333, 388, 391; help Sennacherib, 382
“Arabic” dynasty, the, 169
Arabs, 347
Araḫtu, the canal, 70
Aramaic dialects, 140; papyri, 539 ff.
Arame, king, 334
Aramean tribes, 347, 356
Arameans, 371
Aram-naharaim, 207
Arandaš, Hittite king, 537
Ararat (Urarṭu), 127, 336, 347, 351, 367, 368
Arareh, 293
Ararma (Larsa), 218
Araske (Nisroch, the god Assur), 378
Arazias, land of, 341
Arbaces, the Scythian, 393
Arbela, 412
Archevites, the, 391
Arganâ, city, 329
Argob, 313
Ari, the land of the Amorites in Sumerian, 312
Arioch, 164; identified with Eri-Aku, 209
Arioch, the king’s captain, 403
Ark (ship), command to build the, given by Aê (Ea, Aa), 102, 117; description of the, 103; entered by Pir-napištim, his family, etc., 103; given into the hands of a pilot, 104; stopped by the mountain of Niṣir, 105; Bel’s anger on seeing it, 106; its building and provisionment, 103, 115
Armenia, 311, 344, 373; Sennacherib’s sons take refuge there, 378
Armenians (Mannâa), 387
Arnon, 313
Arpachshad, possible etymologies of, 143, 144 n.
Arpad, 340, 345, 347
Arqania, city, 484
Arrapha (Arrapachitis), 345, 346
Arsakā (Arsaces), departs to Arqania, 484
Arsâm (Arsames), 539, 542
Art of the Hittites, 323
Artaxerxes, friendly to the Jews, 428; his death, 429
Artificers of the ark saved in the vessel, 103, 115, 117
Aruada (Arvad), 386, 390
Aruru, the goddess of Sippar-Aruru, 43, 44; aids Merodach to create the seed of mankind, 40; creates Ea-banî, 93; her names, 546
Arvad, city, 272, 322, 328, 386, 390
Arvadites (Arudâa), 329, 374
Arzauya of Ruhizzu, 289
Arzawa, 298
Ašaridu, letter of, 210
Asari-lu-duga (Merodach), 54, 155
Asaru or Asari (Merodach), 54, 143
Asdudimma, city, 369
Asenath, the name, 258; legend concerning her, 259
Ashdod, 322, 369, 370, 376, 386
Ashdodites (Asdudâa), 374
Asherah, the, 278, 314
Ashtoreth, Ashtaroth, 156, 157, 278, 313
Askelon, 277, 297; conquered by Meneptah II., 306, 374, 386
Asnapper (Assur-banî-âpli), 391; letter apparently addressed to him, 210
Aspāsinē (Hyspasines), Kharacenian king, 482, 483
Assarachoddas (Esarhaddon), 378
Asshur, builder of the cities of Assyria, 118
Asshur (Aššur), city, creation or foundation of, 28, 38, 374, 422; earliest mention of, 490; revolts, 345, 346; land of, 340
Assignment for loan, 498
Aššur, the national god of the Assyrians, 202, 329, 340; Delitzsch’s etymology of, 66
Aššurâaitu, queen, 392
Aššur-âḫâ-iddina (Esarhaddon), 392
Aššur-banî-âpli, 129; letters to, 201, 410; restores the temple of Nusku at Haran, 202; see also 251; refers to Sennacherib, 382; his reign, 388-392; his palace discovered, 394
Aššur-dan, king, 344; wars in Babylonia, etc., 345
Aššur-êtil-îlāni-ukînni, 392
Aššur-mulik (Aššur-munik), 385
Aššur-nadin-šum, son of Sennacherib, made king of Babylon, 379; his deposition, 380
Aššur-naṣir, eponym, 410
Aššur-naṣir-apli, I., 327
Aššur-naṣir-âpli II., 327; attacks Carchemish, 321; marches to the Mediterranean, 328
Aššur-nirari II. marches to Hatarika, Arpad, 345; and Namri, 346
Aššur-uballiṭ to Amenophis III., 282
Aššur-uttir-aṣbat = Pitru, 329
Assyria, Assyrians, 122, 123; spoke the same language as the Babylonians, 126; their origin, 126; character, rulers, artistic skill, 128; invasion by, 331; revolt of, 345, 374; downfall of, 391 ff., 395; Christians of, 485
Assyro-Babylonian language, the, widely known, 140, 275
Astamaku, city, 334
Aštarte (Istar) and the Asherah, 314
Astyages captured by Cyrus, 411
Ašur-nadin-âḫi of Assyria, 283
’Atar-’ata (’Atar-ghata), Tar-’ata, Atargatis, or Derketo, 203
Atargatis, goddess of Haran, 203
Aten, the sun’s disc, its suggested etymology, 303
Athribis, 389
Atra-ḫasis (Gk. Xisuthrus), a name of Pir-napištim, 107, 117; the coming of the Flood revealed to him in a dream, 107
Augury from entrails, 240
Avaris, the Hyksos shut up in, 252; the centre of their rule, 254; taken by the Egyptians, 270
Avitus of Vienne, Bishop, 47
Ay, pharaoh, 303
Azariah, 338, 348
Aziru, 279, 293, 313, 315
Azor (Azuru), 375
Azriau or Izriau (Azariah), 348, 349
Azuri of Ashdod, 369
Azzati (Gaza), 285
Ba’ali, city, 340
Ba’ali-ra’asi, 337
Ba’al(u) of Tyre, 386
Baal-zephon (Ba’ali-ṣapuna), 349; (Ba’il-ṣapuna), 369
Ba’asa (Baasha), 333
Baba (Beby), 261; his inscription, 262
Babel = Babylon, 118, 135
Babel, Tower of, supposed, 44, 132-141, 398
Bâbîa, name, 456
Babylon, founded by Merodach, 40; principal centre, 124; Dynasty of Babylon, 142, 152, 153; city destroyed by Sennacherib, 380, 381; Jehoiachin carried to, 399; the gods of Akkad enter, 415; at the time of the Captivity, 471-473; the proposed new capital under Alexander the Great, 476; its walls dismantled under the Seleucidæ, 418; as revealed by the German excavations, 560; the Church at, 485; tablets dated at, 432, 440-444, 448, 449, 459, 460, 464, 466, 478
“Babylon and the Bible,” 525, ff.
Babylonia (Sumer and Akkad, Shinar), 118, 119; majority of inscriptions Semitic, 119; federated under Ḫammurabi, 149; change in its rule, 152; under Assyrian rule, 327, 356, 357, 371, 379, 380, 386, 391; under Cyrus, 419 ff.; Darius and his successors, 424 ff.; the Greeks, 475 ff.; Kharacenians, 481; Parthians, 484
Babylonia at the time of Abraham, 171, 347
Babylonian, Babylonians, character, 150; dress, 171; manners, 172, 391; racial characteristics, 119, 120; downfall of their empire, 415; fought in the army of Cambyses, 467; their religion, 49 ff., 159 ff.; gods worshipped at a late date, 479
Babylonian Chronicle, the, 361, 383, 385
Bactrian slave-girl, the, 471
Bāgā-asā, brother of Hyspasines, 483
Baghdad, the Christians of, 126
Bagohi (Bagoas, Bagoses), 539 ff.
Baḫiani, 322
Balawat, gates of, 405
Ball, the Rev. C. J., 54; compares Akkadian with Chinese, 121
Barbers and slave-marking, 511
Bardes (Barzia), 424
Baruḫi-îlu (? Baruchiel), 458
Bashan, the plain of, 277
Bashmurites, origin of the, 266
“Battle,” the, 530
Behistun (rock), 426
Bêl, “the lord,” a name given to Merodach, 32, l. 116, 54; = Baal, Beecl, etc., 55; as god of lordship and dominion, 58; his dislike for Pir-napištim, 102; his anger at the escape of the patriarch and his people from the Flood, 107. See Anu-Bêl
Bêl, “the lord” = Ellila (Illil) = Illinos, 17; called “the father,” 32, l. 116
Bel and the Dragon, story of (= the Semitic Babylonian story of the Creation), 20
Bêl-âbla-iddina, captain of Babylon, 469
Bêl-âḫê-iddina, one of Neriglissar’s captains, 444
Bêl-bulliṭ-su (a scribe), 478
Bêl-êṭiranni, major-domo of Neriglissar, 438
Bêl-ibnî (Belibus), 379
Belichus (river), 328
Bel-Merodach, 18
Belos (Bel-Merodach), 17, 18; his temple, 471, 472, 552
Bêl-rêṣuā, Belshazzar’s servant, 447
Bêl-šarra-bulliṭ, agent of Nabonidus and Belshazzar, 450
Bêl-šarra-uṣur, chief of a Median province, 367
Bel-shamin worshipped at Haran, 203
Belshazzar (Bêl-šarra-uṣur), son of Nabonidus, 414; was he descendant of Nebuchadnezzar? 339, 407; as crown prince, 412, 447 ff.; in Akkad, 412, 449; his position, 414; though heir to the throne, 447; never mentioned as king, 419; a sale of clothes, 449; his appointment of Daniel, 419; a letter apparently from, 538; his death, 417-419
Bêl-šum-iškun, father of Neriglissar, 409, 438
Bêl-tarṣi-îli-ma, of Calah, 343
Belteshazzar (Daniel), explanation of the name, 402
Beltis, goddess, 415
Bêl-ušallim, the enchanter, tablet of, 155
Bêl-Yau, “Bel is Jah,” name, 59
Bêl-zēr-lîšir, copy of an old lamentation made for, 447, 478
Bene-berak (Banâa-barqa), 375
Ben-Hadad II. (son of Ben-Hadad I.), 330; restores cities, 331; besieges Samaria, 333; meets Shalmaneser, 335; see also 329, 337, 338, 342; Ben-Hadad (god), 317
Bennu, the bird of Râ or Rê, 265
Berechiah, 471
Bêri, the Ḫašabite, to the king of Egypt, 288
Berlin Museum, 372
Berosus, the Babylonian author, 63, 378, 379 (siege of Jerusalem), 384, 385 (death of Sennacherib), 406, 408, 409, 410, 418, 422
Bertin, George, his suggestion with regard to the “sons of god,” 86
Beth-Ammon, 322, 386, 389
Beth-Ammonites, the, 374
Beth-arbel, 361
Beth-Dagon (Bît-Daganna), 375
Bethel (bêt-îli), the, at Haran, 201; division of property declared in the, 180
Beth-Ninip, the city, 235, 299
Bethuel, the name, 245
Beyrout, 293
Biamites, origin of the, 266
Bigamy, 503
Bilingual Creation story, 38-41
Bin-Addu, 317
Bin-Addu-’idri, 329. See Ben-Hadad
Birch, Dr. S., 253
Birds, sending forth of the, 106, 116
Birejik, 207
Birs-Nimroud (Tower of Nimrod), services in, 485. See E-zida
Bît-Amukkāni (Chaldean tribe), 356
Bît-Baḫiani, 322
Bît Ḫumrî, Bît Ḫumrîa (Israel), 332, 352, etc.
Bît Ninip in the province of Jerusalem, 2, 235, 299
Bît-Yakin, 371
Black Obelisk, 332, 337
Blessed, the abode of the, at the mouths of the rivers, 73
Blessing of Aaron, Delitzsch’s parallel to, 526
Boatmen’s wages and penalties, 511-512
Boats and ships, hire of, 514, 515; boats of skins, 319
Body, the, of Joseph not taken at once to Canaan, 266, 267
Boghaz Keui (Köi), 205, 317, 537, 538
Bond and free, marriages between, 506, 507, 525
Borrowers, liabilities and rights of, 495, 496
Borsippa, the temple tower at, 137; tablets dated at, 461, 462. See Birs-Nimroud, E-zida
Bosanquet (Mr.), 345
Bow of Merodach, 28
Branding of animals, 457
Breasted, Prof., 552
Brick in Babylonia, 135
Brigandage, 493
Brugsch, Prof., 253, 304, 305; his translation of the inscription of Baba, 262
Bubastis, 263
Budu-îlu of Beth-Ammon, 374, 386
Builders, their pay and liabilities, 511; Babylonian kings as, 398
Building of the ship or ark, 102, 103, 117
Bull, divine, sent against Gilgameš and his friend, 97; killed and mutilated by the latter, 97, 98
Buntaḫtun-ila, king, 54 n., 154
Burial of Seqnen-Rê, 269
Burra-buriaš (Burna-burias), king, 276, 293; speaks of Canaan, 205; his letter to Amenophis III., 281
Bûr-Sin, king, 124, 164; meaning of his name, 217, 218
Buzu, city, 182
Buzur-Kurgala, the pilot or boatman of the ship (ark), 104
Caedmon, 47
Cain and Abel, parallel to the story of, 82-84
Calah (Nimroud), built by Asshur, 118, 126, 341; statues at, 343; revolt in, 346
Calne, 348
Calneh, one of the cities of Nimrod’s kingdom, 118; identified with Niffer, 126, 135
Camarina (Urie), 146; its probable etymology, 147, 197
Cambyses (Kambuzîa), performs ceremonies, 416; becomes king, 424; tablet of his reign, 466; his campaign in Egypt, 467
Canaan, 204, 205; mentioned by the Pharaoh, 301, 304, 306; “a domain of Babylonian culture,” 526
Canaanites, Rameses II. and the, 305
Canals, the Babylonian, 159
Canon, the Babylonian, agrees with that of Ptolemy in naming Pûlu or Poros, 357, 358
Canon of Ptolemy, 358, 398
Canons, the eponym, 352, 353, 358
Cappadocia, 318
Captives asked for, 301, 302
Caravans, attacks on, 281, 285, 286
Carchemish, 272, 304, 319, 321, 329-334, 339, 367
Carchemishites, 350
Carmania, Nabonidus exiled to, 418
Carmel, Thothmes III. at, 271
“Cedar, beloved of the great gods,” the, 76
Carrier’s responsibility, 499
Cart, oxen and driver, hire of, 514
Chaboras (Habor), river, 364
Chaldean, Chaldeans, the tribes, 341, 347, 356; not liked by the Babylonians, 371; Esarhaddon and the, 388; Nabopolassar supposed to be a, 396
Chaldean Christians, the, 394
Characters, Assyrian, 312; Babylonian, 122
Changelings, 509
Chariots of the Hittites, 319
Chedor-, 209. See Kudur-
Chedorlaomer, 209, 215; at first identified with Kudur-mabuk, 222; probably the Kudur-laḫmal, or Kudur-laḫgumal of the inscriptions, 223, 232
Chemosh, the god of the Moabites, 557, 559 ff.
Cherub, cherubim, 80-82, 533, 547
Chiefs of Takhsi made captive, 273
Chinzeros (Ukîn-zēr), 356, 357
Chnub, Chnum, priests of, plot against Jews, 539, 542, 543
Choosing the inheritance, 180
Christians, of Mossoul and its neighbourhood, 394; of Baghdad and Irak, 485
Chronological trade-document, a 398
Cilicia (Kefto), 274, 368; places near, conquered by Sennacherib, 379
Cilicians, the, 390
Cities, creation of, in Babylonia, 28; their growth, 171; invoked as deities, 181; those benefited by Ḫammurabi, 489, 491
Cities, etc., of the western states, before the Hebrews, 277
Cittaeans, 360
Civilization in Babylonia, antiquity of, 170
Clay, Prof. A. T., 555
Cleopatra’s Needle, 265
Coast-lands, Mediterranean, pay tribute to Aššur-banî-âpli, 388
Code of Ḫammurabi, 491-515; notes upon, 519, ff., 545, 546; illustrations of, 166, 168, 173 ff., 176, ff., 179, ff.
Collisions at sea, 512
Colophon-dates, 178-182, 184, 185, 187, 188, 211-214
Combat with the Dragon, 18 ff.
Commagene, 319, 329, 372
Commissariat, letter concerning the, 287
Commissioner and agent, relations between, 498, 499
Compensation for slaves, 458, 459, 513, 523
Conciliation, Elamite policy of, 233
Concubines, 502, 503, 508
Confusion of tongues, the, 132, 133, 139, 140, 170
Congregation, the, of, E-saggil, 126 B.C., 482
Constellations, Merodach sets the, 27
Consulting the teraphim, 247
Contempt for gods, 553, (480)
Cossaeans (Kaššû), 373, 537
Costume of the people in Babylonia 2000 B.C., 171
Countries known to the Babylonians and Assyrians, list of, 206
Courts of Justice in the temples and at the gates of cities, 163
Creation, the Hebrew story of, 11 ff.; how it grew, 9 ff.; differences between it and the Babylonian accounts, 34 ff., 48-49
Creation-legend, the Semitic, an heroic poem, 10; extracts from, 18, 19, 21-23, 35, 36; remarks upon, 20, 33-38
Creation-legend, the bilingual, 38-45; why compiled, 39
Creation-legends, though differing, contain similar ideas, 10
Creation-tablet, the first, 16; Damascius’ version, 16; remarks thereon, 20; the second, 20, 21; third, 22; fourth, 22-26; fifth, 26-28; sixth, 28, 29; last, 29-33
Cruelty of the Egyptians to captives, 273
Cultivation, tablet referring to, 456, 457
Cure of Gilgameš, the, 108, 109
Cush, the father of Nimrod, 118, 204
Cuthah, the temple-tower at, 136; tribute from, 341; its site found by Rassam, 394
Cylinder-seal with supposed representation of Adam’s fall, 79
Cyprus (Yatnana or Ya(w)anana), 128, 304, 373; its kings, 386, 387; tributary to Egypt, 272; aids Aššur-banî-âpli, 389
Cyrus, his operations against Astyages, 411; crosses the Tigris, 412; subjugates Babylonia and enters the capital, 415; helped by the Jews, 416; his treatment of Nabonidus, 418; master of Babylonia, 419; his inscription, 420 ff.; champion of the Babylonian gods, 422; restores exiles to their homes, 423; his death, 424
Daché and Dachos, miswritten for Laché and Lachos, 17
Dagon (Dagunu), 59; (Dagan), 142, 279
Daily Telegraph expedition, the, 90; finds a fragment of a second story of the Flood, 117
Damage by herdsmen, 514
Damascius, his version of the Babylonian Creation-story, 16, 17, 63
Damascus, the city (Dimasqu, Dimasqa), Israelites build streets there, 331; Mari’u, the king besieged there, 341; “land of,” 353; Ahaz goes there, 356, 363
Damascus, the country (Ša-imēri-šu, Imēri-su), 329, 334, 336-338; Mari’u, king of, 341; subdued by Assyria, 348 (353); Rezon of, 354
Damu, goddess, “the great enchanter,” 16
Daniel, 402, 417
Daos, the shepherd of Pantibiblon, his long reign, 63
Dapur (Tabor), 305
Darius Hystaspis, mounts the throne of Babylon, 424; the contract-tablets of his reign, 425, 468-471; his monotheism, 426, 427; the extent of his dominions, 427
Darius II., 539, 542
Dark head, people of the, 420
“Dark vine,” the, of the Babylonian Paradise, Eridu, 71, 75
Dâ-šartî, a captive, 302
Date, probable, of the Hyksos invasion, 265; of the Exodus, 306
“Daughter for daughter,” 510, 522
Daughter (? adopted), sale of a, 185
Dauké (= Damkina), 17, 18; consort of Aa or Ea, 64
Day, the evil, 528
Days of creation, no reference to, 49; days of the month, 526, ff.
Dead slave, the, 458, 459
Death of Shalmaneser II., 339; IV., 361; Sargon, 372; Sennacherib, 383; Esarhaddon, 388; the last king of Assyria, 393; Belshazzar, 419
Death-penalty for adultery, 501, 521
Debt, working off of, 500, 521; responsibility of husband and wife for, 503, 504
De Clercq collection, the, 560
Decoration, Babylonian, 551 (405), 552 (471-472)
Defamation, 501
Dehavites, the, 391
Deified kings, 164
Deities as witnesses, 187
Deities of Mitanni, 277, 278
Deities of west Asian origin, 156
Deities probably foreign, 157
Delaiah, son of Sanballat, 541
Delitzsch, Prof., Friedrich, 14, 15, 36, 78; restorations by, 122, 361; his etymology of sadû, 248; Babel und Bibel, etc., 525, ff., 546, 559
Deposit, goods on, 499, 500, 501, 521
Derketo (Atargatis), goddess, 203
Dêru, Babylonian city, 363
Desertion, 502
Devotees, recluses, priestesses, and public women, 161, 499, 507, 508
“Dibbara Legend,” the, 122
Digging of canals, dating by the, 159
Dimasqa, Dimasqu (Damascus), 336, 341, 353, 363
Dinaites, the, 391
Diodorus Siculus upon the taking of Nineveh, 393
Disaster, the Assyrian, at the siege of Jerusalem, 378
Disowning of a son, 176, 177, 505
Distraint, 500; a parallel to the case of the Egyptian farmers, 525
Divination, 247
“Divine Daughters,” the, 160
Divine honours paid to Egyptian rulers, 270
Division of property, 178-181
Divorce, 181, 502
Double-formed and bull-like monsters, Ea and his attendants, 63, 64
Dove, swallow, and raven sent forth from the ship (ark), 106
Dower, return of, 502, 504
Dowers and gifts to virgins, priestesses, etc., 508
Downfall of Assyria, the, 392, 393; Nabopolassar upon the, 550
Dragon of Chaos, the, 18; dragon and the serpent-tempter, 529 ff.
Dreams, royal, 390, 411
Dress of the scribes in early Babylonia, 171, 172
Driver, Prof., 260 n.
Du-azaga, “the holy seat,” 405
Dûdu, name, 315
Dudḫalia, 537
“Due of the Sun-god,” the, 167
Dū-maḫa, a sacred place, 228
Dumuzi-Abzu, “Tammuz of the Abyss,” 43, 63
Dungi, Babylonian king, 124, 152, 164
Dunip (Tenneb), city, 277; resists the enemies of Egypt, 294
Dunnaitess, lamentation of the, 477
Dura, plain of, 403, 404
Dûr-Ammi-zaduga, city, 172
Dûr-Dungi, 325
Dûr-îlitess, lamentation of the, 478
Dûr-Kuri-galzu, 347
Dûr-Ladinna, 371
Dûr-maḫ-îlāni, son of Eri-Eaku, 223, 224, 226, 227, 231, 233
Dûr-Sargina (Khorsabad), the temple-tower there, 137, 369
Dusratta, king of Mitanni, 276, 278, 304, 316
Dynasty of Babylon, 142, 152, 153; Babylonia at the period of the, 169 ff.
Ea, the god, 17, 26, 56, etc. See Aa
Eaašarri, 278 n.
Ea-banî (Aê-banî, Aa-banî), the man of the wilds, 92; his creation and appearance, 93; is seen by a hunter, enticed, and induced to go to Erech, 94; he accompanies Gilgameš against Ḫumbaba, 94, 95; kills a divine bull, 97, 98; his dreams and death, 98; his resurrection, 110 (Ea-du, Enki-du)
Ea-du or Enki-du, 92 n., 548
E-ana, E-anna, the temple at Ecrech, 39, 229; its sanctuary, 91
Early life of a Syrian prince, 285
E-babbara (the temple at Sippar), 160, 434; expenditure of, 446; (the temple at Larsa), 218
E-bara. See E-babbara
Ebed-tob (Abdi-ṭâba), 291
Ebers, Prof., his translation of the inscription of Ameni, 261; upon Apophis, 263
Ebisum (Abēšu’), king, 153, 155
Eden, Garden of 13, 69; the native land of the Babylonians, 14; Sippar of Eden, 70, 72; Eden not referred to as the earthly paradise in the Babylonian inscriptions, 72
Edina, “the plain” (Eden), 43, 72
Edom (Udumu), 322, 341, 370, 374, 386
Edrei, 313
Egypt (Musuru, Musru, Musur, Miṣir), 249-309; the Hyksos invasion, 251; gradually loses Palestine, 290; governors still faithful to, 293; invaded by Sennacherib, 381; an Assyrian province; see also 363, 365, 375
Egypt, the brook (? river) of, 388
Egypt Exploration Fund, the, 305
Egyptian civilization, 250
Egyptian king, the, to the prince of the Amorites, 300
Egyptian loan-words, 143, 144
Egyptian slave, sale of an, 466, 551; testifies to Cambyses’ campaign in Egypt, 467
Egyptians (Muṣurâa), 375; their decision with regard to the Israelites, reason of, 268
E-ḫulḫul, the temple of Sin or Nannara at Haran, 202
Ejectment before the end of the term, 498
E-kidur-kani, temple at Babylon, 433
Ekron (Amqarruna), 375, 376, 377, 386
E-kua, sanctuary of Merodach, 472
Elah, 355
Elam, a mountainous country, 206; firstborn of Shem, 549; its power, 209; conquered by Sargon, 362 (363); Merodach-baladan in, 373; ravaged by Sennacherib, 380; conquered by Aššur-banî-âpli, 391; acknowledges the sway of Darius, 427
Elamite, Elamites: Ḫumbaba, 94, 95; Chedorlaomer, 209, 215, 222, 224, 227; Kudur-mabuk, Kudur-laḫ(gu)mal, etc., 222-225, 230, 232; hostile to Assyria, 372, 379, 380, 391; their incursions near the Tigris, 483; see also 122, 140, 170, 229
Elath, 353
Elders, rule of, 280
Elephantine, the Aramaic papyri from, 539 ff.
Elephants killed by Tiglath-pileser I. in the land of Haran, 200; and in Lebanon, 201; elephants in the district of Niy, 273
Elephants’ tusks, 321
El-Kâb, 261
Ellasar, city, 124
Ellila (v. Bel)
Ellipu, country of, 341, 372
Elmesum, princess, marriage-contract of, 166
Elmešum’s letter to his father, 172
Eltekah (Altaqû), 375
Elulaeus of Tyre, 360
E-maḫ (temple), 161
Embankment of the Sun-god, the 213
E-melam-anna, the temple of Nusku at Haran, 202
Emutbālu or Yamutbālu, conquered by Ḫammurabi, 211, 212, 213, 216, 217, 219, 220
Enchantments, Istar’s, 97
Endowment of an adopted daughter, 173
Engur, mother of Aa or Ea, 64
Enki-du, the friend of Gilgameš, 92 n., 540
En-nu-gi and the Flood, 101
Ennun-dagalla, 228
Enoch, 84
Enšara and Ninšara, 67
Enweduranki (Euedoreschos), 63, 77, 538, 539
Ephron, 315
Eponym dates in the reign of Shalmaneser IV., 358
Erech non-existent at the beginning, 39; built by Merodach, 41; called “Erech the walled,” and ruled over by Gilgameš, 91; besieged, 91; other references to the city, 92, 93, 94; rejoicing there on the death of the divine bull, 98; Gilgameš returns thither after seeing Pir-napištim, 110; one of the cities of Nimrod’s kingdom, 118, 124, 135; its temple-tower, 136; the city delivered to Rîm-Sin, 221; lamentation over its misfortunes, 477, 478; tablet dated at, 456
Ereš-ki-gala (Persephone), 279
Eri-Aku (Eri-Sin), 216, 217, 218, 233; inscription of, 219
Eridu, the Babylonian Paradise, 71, 72, 73; non-existent at first, 39, 42; made, 40; not the earthly city of that name, 43; a type of Paradise, 43; the incantation of, 44; one of the principal cities of Babylonia, 124
Esâ (? = Esau), 157, 245
E-saggil, 223, 224. See E-sagila
E-sagila (E-saggil, E-sangil), completed by Merodach, 40, 43; meaning of the name, 43, 139; the temple of Belus, 137, 246, 472; restored by Samsu-iluna, 161; restoration attempted under Alexander and Philip, 476; offerings at, 412, 480; its congregation, 482; see also 409, 415
E-sagila, the temple “within the Abyss,” founded by Lugal-du-azaga, 40, 73
E-sagila-râmat and her father-in-law’s slave, 465, 466
Esarhaddon (Aššur-âḫâ-iddina), 383, 384-388; apparently crowned at Haran, 201-202; in Ḫanigalbat, 384, 385; in Babylonia and the Mediterranean states, 386, 387; in Armenia, and on the east of Assyria, 388; in Egypt, 251, 388; he restores the temple of Belos, 560; mentions his brothers, 558, and his father’s campaign against the Arabs, 382; his death, 388
E-šarra, the heavens, 26
E-šarra, an Assyrian temple, 328, 340
E-ša-turra, a temple at Su-anna, 433
Esau, the name, 157, 245
Escaped slaves, 493
Esdraelon, defeat of Syrians at, 271
Ešnunna(k) (Umliaš), soldiers of, defeated by Ḫammurabi, 213; destroyed by a flood, 214; its gods restored by Cyrus, 422
Etakama (Edagama), of Kinza and Kadesh, 279; pretending to be faithful to Egypt, attacks Amki, 288, 289; hostile to Egypt, 293
E-temen-ana(-kia), the tower of Babylon, 136, 138, 139, 406, 559; and shrine of E-sagila, 398, 560
E-temena-ursag, temple, 213
Etham, 304
Ethobaal (Tu-ba’alu), 374
E-tur-kalama, a Babylonian temple, 214, 415
Euedoreschos, 63, 546, 547
E-ur-imina-ana(-kia), the tower of Borsippa, 136, 138
Euphrates, creation of, 40; mentioned, 329, 334, 335, 336, 339, 341, 344, 471, etc.
Eupolemus concerning Abraham, 146, 196
Eusebius, 396
Eve, a Babylonian type of, 532
Events chosen to date by, 159
Evetts, Mr. B. T. A., 408
Evil-Merodach (Awel-Maruduk), 408; murdered, 409; tablets dated in his reign, 440, 441
Evil spirit, the, driven from the temple, 530
Evolution in the Babylonian story of the Creation, 33, 34
Exodus, date of the, 306; pharaoh of the, 309
Expulsion of Eve, a parallel to, 83
Expulsion of the Egyptians from Palestine, 302
“Eye for an eye,” 509, 522
E-zida, the temple-tower at Borsippa, restored by Nebuchadnezzar, 138, 139, 406; Evil-Merodach, 409; its people resist Kudur-laḫgu(mal), 229, 230; its bronze doorstep, 405; incantation concerning, 41; see also 412, 415, 485
Ezra, Sir H. Howorth upon, 427, 429
“Fair son,” the, his carrying off, 83
Faithlessness, 503
Fall? did the Babylonians possess the legend of the, 79, 531, 532
False witness, 491
Family of the hero of the Flood saved with him, 103, 115, 117
Famines in Egypt, 260, 261
Father’s lawsuit, a, 182
Fear of God, lines upon, 50
Female rule, 280
Fifteenth day = Sabbath, 527
Fire, penalty of death by, 480
Flood, the Biblical story, 87 ff.; the Babylonian story, 100 ff.; introduction to, 89, ff.; first read by G. Smith, 90; a chapter of the Legend of Gilgameš, 90; related to him by Pir-napištim, 101; decided upon by the gods, 101, 102; its approach, arrival, and effect, 104, 105; duration and subsidence, 105, 106; due to the god Bel, 106; why sent, 107, 112; Pir-napištim dreads its coming, 104, 116; the second Babylonian story of the, 117; was it a “Sin Flood”? 529; description of the tablets recording, 100, 101
Followers of Tiamtu, the, 530
Food, incantation in which it is used, 540
Foster-children and their disowning, 176, 177, 505
Four kings against five, the, 208
Fraudulent practices, 513
Furious cattle, laws concerning, 512, 523
Furniture, lists of, 189
Future life, 111
Gad, the name, 246 (Gadu-ṭâbu)
Gadlat, goddess of Haran, 203
Gadu-ṭâbu, name, 547
Gala-Aruru = Istar the star = the planet Venus, 44
Galilee, attacked by Tiglath-pileser, 353
Galilee, South, invaded by Amenophis II., 273
Garden of Eden, 69
Garizim, temple at, re-dedicated to Jupiter, 481
Garment, the vanishing, 23
Garu, Petrie’s identification of, 292
Gate of Istar at Babylon, 551, 552
Gates of city, judgment in the, 163
Gath (Gimti), 299
Gath-Carmel, 296
Gauzanitis, 304
Gaza (Ḫazitu), 277, 376 386, 411; Thothmes III. at, 271; Yabitiri guards, 285; Hanon of, 352, 363, 365, 366
Gazzāni (a ruler), 224, 325, 556
Gebal (Gublu), 278, 293, 313, 317, 322, 339, 386
Gebalite, whose brother drove him from the gate, 300
Gebalites (Gublâa), 350, 374
Gedaliah, governor of Jerusalem, put to death, 400
Gemariah, 471
Gergesa, 324
Gezer, 297, 299, 306
Giammu, prince, 328
Gift to a son, 505
Gigîtum, Neriglissar’s daughter, 442
Gihon, river, 69, 70
Gilead, 353
Gilgameš, ancient hero, king of Erech, 73, 91; the legend concerning him, 90 ff.; and his friend Ea-banî, 92; who consents to go to him, 94; he seeks the place of Ḫumbaba, 94; who is killed, 95; Ištar makes love to him, 95, 96; he reproaches her, 96, 97; and she sends a divine bull against them, 97; dreams concerning him, 98; he mourns for Ea-banî and sets out on his great journey, 98; he meets Ur-Sanabi, the pilot, and Pir-napištim, 99; who tells him the story of the Flood, 101 ff.; he is restored to health, 108, 109; finds the magic plant, 109; loses it, and reaches Erech, 110; sees the spirit of Ea-banî, 111; the new version of the legend referring to him, 547 ff.
Gilgameš-series, the getting together of the, 90
Gilu-ḫêpa, wife of Amenophis II., 276
Gimil-Sin, king, 124, 164
Gimmirrâa, the, 390
Gimti (Gath), 299
Gimtu (Gath?), 369
Gindibu’u, an Arabian tribe, 333
Girgashites, the, 310, 324-326
Gišdubar, Gišṭubar, Gisdhubar. See Gilgameš
Glosses in the Tel-el-Amarna tablets, 234 n.
Gobryas (Gubaru, Ugbaru) of Gutium, enters Babylon, and appoints governors there, 415, 417, 418, 419; (goes) against ..., 416, 417; receives the kingdom for Cyrus, 419
“God,” names for, in the chief tongues of the ancient East, 170, n.
Gods and their seats, 160, 415; tithe granted to, 448; processions of, 526; they fear the Flood, 105; those who joined Tiamtu, 20, 25; their punishment, 25
Gods, figures of, found under the pavement of palaces, 247
Gods identified with Merodach, 58
Gods of On (Heliopolis), 264
Gods of the west of Asia, 277
Gog, 391
“Gold, much gold,” 277, 283
Gomer, people of, 390
“Good wishes,” the tablet of, 81
Goshen, 268
Government of states, 279
Gozan, 345, 364
Greek words in Babylonia, 480
Greetings, Babylonian, 172, 452, 453, 454
Gublu (Gebal), 313
Guites, 329; (= Goim?), 332, 333
Gula, goddess of healing, 86, 472
Gutians, Gutites, 158, 170, 552
Guti-kirmil, 296
Gutû or Gutium, 206, 207, 415
Gyges’ son, the dream of, 390
Ḫabati, the, 292, 299
Ḫabbatu, 291. See Habati
Ḫabiri, the, 269, 291, 295, 296, 297, 538; they possess the land, 299
Ḫaburu, city in Babylonia, 446
Hadad, 160, 277, 330; of Aleppo, 329. See Addu
Ḫādara, Rezon’s birthplace, 354
Hades, “the land of no-return,” 65
Hagar, her position, 186; parallels (with differences) to the case of, 174, 175, 185, 236, 524
Ḫâi, 315
Halah (Ḫalaḫḫa), 364
Ḫalman, 325
Hamah (Hamath), 317
Ḫamanu (Amanus), mountains, 328, 334, 336, 349
Hamath (Amatte), Hamathites (Amatâa), Irhulêni of, 329, 334; districts of, 349; Yau-bi’idi (Ilu-bi’idi) of, 322, 363; see also 348
Ḫammatites (? = Hamathites), Eni-îlu of the, 350
Ḫammurabi (Amraphel), changes during his reign, 125; its length, 153; tablets dated therein 182, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187; references to his conquest of “Mair and Malgia,” 187; other references to him, 209-215, 238; his code of laws, 491-515; his image on the stele, 487; the benefits he had conferred on the cities of Babylonia, 488-491; his opinions of his reign, 515, 516; his curse upon any destroying or changing his record, 517-519
Ḫammurabi-ḫêgalla, canal, 211
Ḫammurabi-nuḫuš-niši, canal, 212
Ḫammurabi-Samši, name, 164, 187
Ḫana-galbat, Ḫani-galbat, king of, 283; the caravans of, 286; Esarhaddon fights (? against his brothers) there, 384, 385
Ḫanni, messenger of Egypt, 301
Hanon of Gaza, 352
Ḫanû, land of, 206
Haran born at Ur of the Chaldees, 144
Haran (city, the Bab. Ḫarran), a centre of lunar worship, 147, 195; Terah and his family migrate thither, 192, 195; its probable origin, 199, 200; its ruins, 200; elephants in the neighbourhood in early times, 200, 201; its gods and temples, 201, 202, 534; Esarhaddon (?) crowned there, 201, 202; Nabonidus restores the temple of Sin, 202; its renown in later days, 202, 203; the city besieged, 411; deities restored, 414
Ḫarḫar, called by the Assyrians Kar-Sarru-ukîn, 367, 368
Ḫarri-si’isi, 325
Ḫatānu, servant of Neriglissar, 439
Ḫatarika, Ḫatarikka, 344, 345, 349
Hatred of Bel for the hero of the Flood, 102, 113
Hatshepsut, queen regent, 271
Ḫatta, 288. See Hatti
Ḫatti, Ḫattî (Hittites, Kheta, people of Heth), 205, 288, 319, 341; their depredations, 317; ships of, used by Sennacherib, 379; Syria and the Holy Land, 386. See Heth, Hittites
Ḫattu, city, 205
Ḫattu-šil, (Kheta-sir), 320, 537
Haupt, Prof. Paul, upon the description of the ship or ark, 114
Hauran, the (Ḫauranu), 336
Ḫâya, a messenger, 286
Ḫaza, 340
Hazael of Arabia, 382
Hazael of (Ša-)Iamēri-šu (Damascus), 337, 338, 342
Ḫaza-îlu, 336, etc. See Hazael
Hazor, 277, 353
Heathen images, the, of Jacob’s household, 247, 248
Heavens, Merodach arranges the, 27
Hebrews, their ancestor and his language, 204; in Egypt, 268; did not leave with the Hyksos, 267; their commonwealth, 327; were they the Ḫabiri? 538
Heliopolis, 258
Helios (Samas), 203
Hellenizing influence, the, of Antiochus Epiphanes, 480
Helpers of Rahab, the, 530
Hephaistos (Sethos), 381, 382
Herdsmen, their duties and liabilities, 213, 214, 524
Hereditary chiefs, 279
Herodotus upon the Temple of Belus, 137, 405; Sennacherib’s expedition to Egypt, 381, 382; Nitocris’ architectural works, 407; see also 342, 443
Heth, 368, 369; the sons of, 315. See Ḫatti, Hittites
Hezekiah (Ḫazaqiau), 375, 376, 377, 395
Hiddekel, the Tigris, Babylonian form of the name, 84
Hiding heathen images, 248
Hieroglyphic inscriptions of the Hittites, 317
Hilprecht, Prof. H. V., 124
Hire of animals for agricultural work, 514; field labourers and herdsmen, 513; fields, 495; of a ship (by Belshazzar), 450; (by Sirku), 470
Hired “from himself,” 188
Hired men, their responsibilities, 513
Hiring of slaves and freemen, for money, 187, 188; for produce, 188; risks of the hirer, 191
Hirom (Ḫirummu) of Tyre, 350
Hittite, Hittites, 140, 205, 274, 277, 315-323, 341; attack Tuneb, 316; tributary, 272, 316, 320; their architecture borrowed by the Assyrians, 323; inscriptions, where found, 317; their language, 537
Hittite, a, the mother of Jerusalem, 316
Holy Land, 340; its state before the entry of the Israelites, 277
Home, the, of the Hittites, 318
Hommel, Prof., 14, 54; suggests a connection of Ea, Aê, or Aa, with Ya’u (Jah), 113; his early etymology of Arpachshad, 143; his work upon Egyptian culture 144 n.; the Hittite inscriptions, 318; Gilgameš, 547; Shinar, 549; early names, etc., 555, 557
Hophra encourages Zedekiah against Nebuchadnezzar, 399; marches to support him, 400; deposed, 401
Hor-em-heb, 303
Horner, Rev. J., 331
Horse, glorious in war, loved by Istar, 96
Horus, 264
Hosea, Hoshea (Ausi’a), king, 354, 355, 359; the prophet, 361
House of Belshazzar, its situation, 447
Household goods, 189; gods, 247
Housebreaking, 493, 521
Houses and cities, built by Merodach, 40
Houses, private, 188, 189
Howorth, Sir H., 427, 429
Hui, his tomb at Thebes, 303
Ḫulḫutḫulitess, lamentations of the 477
Ḫumbaba, apparently an Elamite, 94; Gilgameš and Ea-banî seek his domain, 94, 95; his end, 95
Ḫursag-kalama, Babylonian city, 415
Ḫursag-kalamitess, lamentations of the, 477
Husband, causing death of, 504
Ḫuṣṣiti-ša-Mušallim-Marduk, tablet dated at, 436
Hyksos, or shepherd-kings, legends concerning, 252; their fear of an Assyrian (Babylonian) invasion, 251; their policy in time of famine, 260; quit Egypt, 252, 270; at Tanis, 264; those who remained reduced to subjection, 270; their descendants, 266
Hyspasines, 481. See Aspāsinē
Ian-Ra (Ra-ian), was he the pharaoh of Joseph? 263
Iāwa, the ending of names, 470, 471. See -yāwa
Ibi-Sân sells his daughter, 185
Ibi-Sin, king, 124, 152, 164
Ibi-Tutu, king (?), 230, 231
Ibscher, Herr, 544
Idalium, 386
Idigna, Akkado-Babylonian form of the name of the Tigris, 84
Igigi, address to Merodach by the, 29-33; his title among them, 32
Ijon, 353
Ikausu of Ekron, 386
Ili-milki (Elimelech), 295
Ili-rabiḫ, 288, 289
Illegitimate children, acknowledgement of, 505, 506
Illinos (Illil, the god Bel), 17
Iltani, princess, hires a field, 167
Iltani, princess, sun-devotee, hires a reaper, 168
Ilu-bi’idi (Yau-bi’idi) of Hamath, 322, 363, 366
Ilu-dâya, the Hazite, writes to the king of Egypt, 288
Imgur-Bêl, wall of Babylon, 405
Immerum, king, 154
Immortality, the Chaldean Noah attains, 101, 108
“Impure,” the name given by the Egyptians to the Hyksos, 254
Inaction of the Egyptian king, 296, etc.
Ina-E-sagila-rêmat, daughter of Nabonidus, 450
Ina-êši-êṭir, Nebuchadnezzar’s agent, 432
Incantation for E-zida (the Birs-Nimroud), 41; against “sickness of the head,” 55; to purify, 86
Incest, 504, 521, 522
India-House Inscription, extract from the, 138, 139; references to Babylon, 405, 406
Inheritance, 178-181, 503-507; of virgins, priestesses, etc., 508
Injuries, penalties for, to slaves, 509, 522; to a woman, 510, 522; in a quarrel, 509, 510, 522
Inscriptions, the Hittite, 317, 318
’Ir, the Hebrew for “city,” and uru, 241
Irḫulēni of Hamath, 329; = Urhi-lēni, 332; resists the Assyrian king, 334, 335
Irnini, a god, 95
Irqata, rule of, 280
Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph, 242
Išḫara, goddess, invoked, 433
Isidore of Charax, 192
Isin, Isinna (Karrak), city, 124, 211
Isis, 264
Isis-Hathor (Venus Urania), 264
Isqal(l)una (Askelon), 374, 386
Israel, 351, 352, 355; on the monolith of Meneptah, 306
Israel, the name, probable Assyro-Babylonian forms, 157, 245
Israelites, allied with Ben-Hadad, 329-333, 337; subject to Hazael, 342
Iššaku, “chief” (= patesi), 127
Ištar, 55; her search for Tammuz in Hades, 65; makes love to Gilgameš, 96; her cruelty to her lovers, 96, 97; sends a divine bull against Gilgameš and Ea-banî, 97; which they kill, 98; her grief on account of the Flood, 105, 116; worshipped at Erech, 160; her spouse Tammuz, 279; Ištar’s gate, at Babylon, 405, 559, 560
Ištar and the asherah, 278
Ištar of Babylon, 212; Haran, 203; Nineveh, 278, 491, 551
Ištara, goddess, 156
Išullanu, Ištar’s treatment of, 97
Itu’u, on the Euphrates, 344
Iyyar, the month of Ea (Aa, Aê), 65
Izdubar. See Gilgameš
Jabesh, 293
Jacob, Jacob-el, 157, 183, 243, 244, 547
Jaffa, Yabitiri guards, 285
Jah, 113, 535
Jahweh (Jehovah), 535
Janoah, 353
Jebus (Jerusalem), 323
Jebusites, 312, 323, 324
Jehoahaz, 342
Jehoiachin, captive in Babylon, 399; released by Evil-Merodach, 408
Jehoiakim, 399
Jehoram, 338, 339
Jehu, “son of Omri,” 332, 337-339
Jensen, Prof., 140, 318, 546, 548
Jerabis (Carchemish), 317
Jerusalem (Uru-salim, Ursalimmu), 234, 277, 280, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379; legend attributing its foundation to the Hyksos, 252; Ahaz besieged there, 353; invested twice by the Babylonians, 399, 400; Temple destroyed, 400; Temple polluted, 481
Jesus, brother of Johanan, murdered, 542
Jews (Yaudâa), 375; at Damascus, 331; last vestiges of their rule, 400; Cyrus helped by, 416; probably thought him a monotheist, 419; names of Jews at Babylon, 470, 471; why did they remain in the cities of their exile? 474 ff.
Jezreel, 338
Jilting, 504
Joash, king of Israel, 340, 342
Johns, the Rev. C. H. W., 551, 552
Joppa (Yappû). See Jaffa, Yapu
Joseph, the name, 243; its probable meaning, 244
Joseph in Egypt, 255 ff.; as viceroy, 260; no native record of his administration, 253; his death, 266, 267
Josephus, 359, 382, 408-410; upon the Hyksos, 251; the period of Joseph, 262; the Amorites, 313; the siege of Jerusalem, 377, 378; the murder of the high-priest’s brother, 542
Jotham, 355
Judah, 353; one of the states regarded by the Assyrians as Hittite, 322, 386 (Yaudu)
Judeans (Yaudâa), 375. See Jews
Justin upon Abraham, 147
Kadašman-ḫarbe or Kadašman-Murus, 123; transports the Sutites, 291
Kadesh, 279; (Kidša), 300; conquered by Seti I., 304; (Kidiš), 401
Ka-dumu-nuna, the gate of E-saggil, 484
Kaldu (the Chaldean tribes in Babylonia), 341
Kalisch, 266
Kallima-Sin (now read Kadašman-ḫarbe), king, 276
Kames, king of Egypt, 269
Kamid-el-Lauz, 293
Kammusu-nadbi of Moab, 374
Kan’ana (Canaan), 304
Karanatum, her adoption, 177; her name and that of Ashteroth Karnaim, 157
Kar-Adad (fortress of Hadad), 349
Kar-Duniaš, Kara-Dunias, Karu-Dunias (Babylonia), 120 n.; ruled by Kudur-laḫgumal, 225; see also 281, 286
Kar-Nebo, maternal grandfather of Abram, 146
Kar-Shaimaneser (-Shalmanu-aša-rid), city, 339
Kar-Sippar, 167
Kaši (= Kašši), 297, 298 (see Kassite)
Kassite, Kassites, 122, 140, 170, 537
Kedesh, 272, 353
Kefto, identification of, 274
Keilah, 299
Kemi (Egypt), 271
Kêš, a Babylonian city, 124
Kêšitess, lamentations of the, 477
Kheta (Hittites), 274; their treaty with Egypt, 304; Meneptah’s reference to, 306
Kheta-sir = Ḫattu-šil, 320, 537
Khorsabad (Dûr-Sargina), 137, 369
Kidnapping, 492, 493, 520
Kidiš (Kadesh), 401
Kili(gug ?), Neriglissar’s servant, 438
Kili-Tešub son of Kali-Tešub, 319
Killing and mutilating hired animals, 512, 523
Kinaḫḫi (Canaan), 281, 301
King, Mr. L. W., 28, 545, 546
King, the, 164-168
Kingi or Kengi (a part of Babylonia), 134, 351
Kingi-Ura or Kengi-Ura = Sumer and Akkad (Babylonia), 206
Kingu, Tiamtu’s husband, exalted, receives the Tablets of Fate, 19; is overcome by Merodach and deprived of them, 25; bound, 36
Kirbiš Tiamtu, 24, 31
Kirkišâti, 324, 325
Kirubu = Heb, kerûb, “cherub”; kirub nismû, kirub šarri, 81
Kiš, a Babylonian city, 415
Kišar, “host of earth,” 16
Kišara-gala, 66
Kisi, Aramean leader, 349
Kiškanū-tree in Eridu, 75; its fruit, 76
Kissaré and Assoros (Kišar and Anšar), 17
Kizirtum, princess, 166
Knudtzon, Prof., 556
Ktesias, 203
Kudma-bani, district, 179, 180
Kudur in Elamite names, 209, 222
Kudur-laḫgumal, 230, 231
Kudur-mabuk, inscription of, 219; his sons Eri-Aku and Rîm-Sin, 216
Kûites, the, 350
Kullanû, city, 348
Kulummite(s), 372
Kummuhi (Commagene), 319, 320, 329
Kundaspu of Commagene, 329
Kurium, 387
Laban, the name, 245
Labaya, father of Mut-zu’u, 286; his sons, 293, 297, 298
Laborosoarchod (Labāši-Marduk), son of Neriglissar, 410; lends money, 443, 444
Labynetus, Cyrus marches against, 407. See Nabonidus
Lachish, 277, 297, 377
Lachish epigraph, the, 382
Lagamal (Lagamar, Lagamaru), 222
Lagaš, a Babylonian city, 124
Laḫamu, consort of Laḫmu, 16
Laḫamu, creatures produced by Tiamtu, 19
Laḫmu and Laḫamu, production of, 16; these names in Damascius, 17
“Lake of Abraham the Beloved,” 192, 193
“Lament of the Daughter of Sin,” 83
Lamentations, Babylonian, 194, 195, 477, 478
“Land of the city of Jerusalem,” 297
Landed property acquired by Neriglissar, 440-442
Lands, etc., created by Merodach, 40
Language of Canaan, 204
Larancha, lamentation of, 477, 478
Larsa (Ellasar), 124; the temple-tower at, 137; a centre of sun-worship, 160
Laws, Sumero-Akkadian, 190, 191, 550; Ḫammurabi’s, 491-515, 553, 554
Lawsuit of Bunanitu, the, 462-464
Lawsuits, 182, 184
Layard, Sir A. H., discoverer of the palaces of Nineveh and Calah; and Rassam, his helper and successor, 394
Laz (goddess), 211
Leasehold system, the, 190
Lebanon, elephants in, 201; Saniru (Shenir) before, 336; see also 387
Legal precedents, 190, 191
Legend of Asenath, 259
Legend of Chedorlaomer, 227-230
Legend of Râ-’Apop’i, 254
Lenormant, inscription published by, 216
Letter concerning an inscription of Ammurapi (Hammurabi), 210
Letters from Abdi-ṭâba (Ebed-ḫiba, Ebed-ṭâba, Ebed-tob), 294-299; Ammi-ṭitana, 165; Akizzi of Qatna, 289; Ašur-uballiṭ, 382; Bêri, 288; Burra-buriaš, 281; Ilu-dayan, 289; Mut-zu’u, 286; Yabitiri, 284; Yidia, 286, 287; the king of Egypt, 300; the king’s daughter to Queen Aššu-râaitu, 392
Leviathan, 530
Leviticus xviii. 18, the tablet illustrating, 545
Lex talionis, 509, 522
Lêya, a captive, 302
Libation, the, of the Babylonian Noah, 106
Lieblein upon the pharaohs of the Oppression and the Exodus, 269
Life at Tanis in Egypt, 264
Lingua franca, the, of Western Asia, 140
Lion (divine), loved by Ištar, 96
Liver, the, in divination, 247
Loan to make up purchase-money and its repayment by instalments, 460, 461, 464, 465
“Lord and Lady, my,” 479
Lud, 391
Ludlul the Sage, lines by, 50
Lugal-zag-gi-si, early Akkadian king, 123, 124
Luli of Sidon, 373
Lullubite, Lullubites, 123, 325
Lulubū (Lullubū), country, 206, 208
Lulumu (Lulubū), 207, 351
Luluppu-tree, the legend of the, 76
Lumaši-constellation, 545
Luxor, 326
Lydia (Luddu), 390, 391
Machpelah, differences between Babylonian contracts and that referring to, 236-238, 524
Mad bull or vicious ox, death or injury from, 512, 513
Maër (and Suḫi), principality, 548
Magdala, 293
Maḫ, Babylonian goddess, 105, 106, 116
Mahler, Dr. Edouard, upon the stele of Meneptah II. and the Exodus, 306
Mair, city, 213, 214
Majesty, plural of, in addressing the king, 284; (in the Chedor-laomer-legend it refers to the god)
Malgia, city, 211, 213, 214
Malik (Moloch), 156; Maliku, 170 n.
Mamre, 315
Mamun, khalif, 266
Man, creation of, 28, 40, 45, 47
Manamaltel, king, 154, 155
Manasseh (Minsê, Minasê), 340; pays tribute to Esarhaddon, 386; to Assur-banî-âpli, 389
Manda barbarians, Medes, 420
Manê, a messenger, 276
Manetho, 251, 274
Mankind, destruction of, in the Flood, 105; in future other means to be used, 107, 112, 116
Man’s duties, 45
Marad, city, 415; its patron-deity, 542
Marduk (Merodach), 33, etc.
Marduk-âbla-iddina (Merodach-baladan) of Babylonia, 379
Marduk-îriba, one of Belshazzar’s neighbours, 447
Marduk-nadin-aḫi, son of Nebuchadnezzar, 435
Marduk-našṣi-abli. See Sirku
Marduk-šum-uṣur, son of Nebuchadnezzar, 434
Marduk-zakir-šumi of Babylonia, 379
Maritime nation, Babylonia a, 115, 116
Mari’u of Ša-îmēri-šu, 341, 342
Marking of slaves, 469
Marriage, 173-175, 186
Marriage-contracts, 173, 174; of Princess Elmešu, 166; of Neriglissar’s daughter, 442; indispensable, 501
Martu = Amurrû, 312
Mašitess, lamentation of the, 477
Maspero, Prof., 253; upon the Sallier Papyrus, 255 n.
Matan-ba’al of Arvad, 386
Mattaniah (Zedekiah), 399
Max Müller, Prof. W., 274
Medes, the (Madâa, Umman-manda), in alliance against Assyria, 392; at Haran, 411, 414; see also 341, 351, 364, 388
Media, 206, 346, 351, 368
Mediation, 53
Mediterranean, the, 340, 341; states of, 365
Megasthenes, 401
Megiddo, 274; Thothmes III. at, 271
Meissner, Dr., 547
Melakiyin, the, 266
Melchizedek, 324; in Heb. vii. 3, 234
Meluḫḫa, 370, 375, 480, 481
Memphis, 263; captured by Esarhaddon, 388, 389 n.
Menahem (Meniḫimme, Minḫimmu), 350, 351, 374
Menander, 360
Menanu of Elam, 380
Menant, M. J., 560
Menasê (Manasseh), 386
Meneptah II. (Merenptah), the pharaoh of the Exodus, 269, 305
Mentiu (Bedouin), 270
Mer, Merri, a name of Hadad or Rimmon, 207, 212
Merchants of Babylonia killed, 281
Merodach, the god, his parentage, 33, 63; the same as Nimrod, 126; the gods’ champion against Tiamtu, 21, 22; installed as king, 23 (163); prepares for the fight, 23, 24; attacks and conquers Tiamtu, 25, 537; takes the Tablets of Fate, 25; cuts Tiamtu asunder, 26; orders the universe anew, 26 ff.; receives new names, etc., 29-33; his “incantation,” 41; founds Babylon, Niffer, and Erech, 40, 41, 42, 126; creator of the gods, 43; his titles, 44; explanations of some of his names, 45, 54, 56; identified with other gods, 47, 58; glorified above them all, 49; prayer to be delivered into his gracious hands, 51; the other deities mediators with him, and his manifestations, 53, 58; heavenly bodies, identified with him, 55; the benefactor of mankind, 56, 57; the begetter of the gods, 533, 534; his description, 529; his weapons, 550; names compounded with his, 57; which in the end was almost = îlu, 58, 61; he was the “great hunter,” 131; worshipped especially at Babylon, 160, 407; his yearly procession, 405; his vengeance, 392; his merciful nature, 486; replaced in the end by Anu-Bel, 483
Merodach in West Asia, 279
Merodach-baladan, king of Babylon, 357, 361, 364, 370, 371, 373, 379, 380, 395
Merom, 305
Merwân II., khalif, 266
Mesech, 230
Mesha of Moab, 338
Mesopotamia, 204, 207, 336, 351
Messengers dying abroad, concerning, 283, 284
Mesu, the land of, 341
Methusael, 84
Middle class, the, 171
“Mighty king,” the, 234, 280
Milki-asapa of Gebal, 386
Milki-idiri, governor of Kedesh, 401
Milki-îli, Milkîli, 293, 297, 298, 299
Milku (Melech, Moloch), 279
Milton, 47
Minsê (Manasseh), 389
Mitâ of Musku (Mesech), 367
Mitanni (Naharain, Naharaim), 276, 277, 304; its language not Semitic, 275; vassal state, 537
Mitinti of Ashdod, 374, 376
Mitinti of Askelon, 355, 386
Mitunu, the eponyme of, Sennacherib’s campaign against Hezekiah, 378
Mnevis, the bull, 265
Moab (Ma’ab, Ma’abi), 322, 338, 370, 386
Moabites, the, 326, 374; driven out, 313
Moloch, 279
Mond, Mr., his papyri, 539
Monotheism and polytheism in Babylonia, 47, 198, 533
Monotheistic names, 534; systems, 541
Monster, the, 530
Monsters, produced by Tiamtu, 18 ff.
Month, Egyptian god, 262
Months and stars, 27
Moon, purpose of the, 27, 37
Moph or Noph (Men-nofr, Memphis), 264
Mordecai (Mardecai), 61, 436, 471
Moses, notes upon his date, 306; was he saved by Teie’s daughter? 307
Mosque of Abraham at Urfa (Orfa or Edessa), 192
“Mother of Sin,” the, 532
Moumis (= Mummu), son of Tauthé and Apason, 17
Mouths of the rivers, a sacred place, 71, 108
Mugallu of Tubal, 290
Mugheir, regarded as Ur of the Chaldees, 147, 193; but not altogether certain, 197
Müller, Prof. W. Max, 557
Mummu Tiamtu, the first producer. See Tiamtu
Muršil, Hittite king, 537
Muru, a centre of the worship of Hadad, 490
Muṣaṣir, 127
Mušêzib-Marduk of Babylonia, 380
Mushtah, 293
Muškinu, 536
Musku (Mesech), 371
Muṣrites, 329; (Muṣrâa), 333
Muṣru, the land of, 354
Muṣur’i of Moab, 386
Muṣuru, Muṣur, Miṣraim (Egypt), 366, 370
Mut-Addu to Yanhama, 292
Mutallu, Hittite king, 537
Mut-îli = Methusael, 84, 245
Mut-zu’u, 279; letter from, 286
Nabonassar, 347; his death, 356
Nabonidus, “who is over the city,” witness to a contract, 436; described on one copy as the son of the king, 436 n., 437
Nabonidus, king, his parentage, 410; expeditions, and reference to Cyrus, 411; said to have neglected the gods, 412; and brought strange deities, 413; his antiquarian researches, 413; his son Belshazzar, 414, 447 ff.; his daughters, 450, 451; his flight before the army of Cyrus, and capture, 415; sent to Carmania, 418; his record of the downfall of Assyria, 392; of the death of Sennacherib, 537 ff.; other inscriptions, 411, 414; tablets dated in his reign, 444-451; his pious works, 445, 446; Berosus upon his reign, 410
Nabopolassar, king, supposed to have been a Chaldean, 396; his alliance with the Medes, 392, 397; marches against Nineveh, 392, 393, 397; his connection with Syria, 397; he builds the two great walls of Babylon, 410; his guardian-god, 533; frees Akkad from Assyrian yoke, 558
Nabû-balaṭ-su-iqbî, the father or ancestor of Nabonidus, 410, 437
Nabû-bêl-uṣur, governor, 346
Nabû-kain-âḫi, secretary of Belshazzar, 447, 448
Nabû-nadin-zēri, 356
Nabû-ṣabit-qâtâ, servant of Neriglissar, 438; Laborosoarchod, 443; and Belshazzar, 448 ff.
Nabû-šarra-uṣur, one of Nebuchadnezzar’s captains, 434; a secretary of Nabonidus, 445
Nabû-šum-iddina, secretary of Neriglissar, 440
Nabû-šum-ukîn, Babylonian king, 356; a priest of Nebo, 442
Nagitu, the three cities called, 373, 380
Naharaina, Naharaim (Upper Mesopotamia), 270, 271, 272, 274, 288, 296, 304. See Nahrima, Narima, Na’iru
Naḫarâu and Nahor, 551
Nahor, the city of, 204
Nahor, 551; traditions concerning, 146
Nahrima (Naharaim), 296. See Naharaina
Nahr-Malka, 158; referred to by Mr. Rassam, 159
Nahum upon the fall of Nineveh, 393
Na’iru (Mesopotamia), 341, 351
Nal mountains, 351
Names given to Merodach, 30-32
Names of captives, 302
Nammu, a river-god, 43
Namri, 336, 346, 347
Namyawaza, an Egyptian vassal, 290, 293
Nannar(a), worshipped at Ur and Haran (Ḫarran), 147, 160, 219 ff.; hymns referring to him, 194, 195
Naphtali, 353
Napḫu’ruria, Napḫuri (Amenophis IV.), 281, 282
Naram-Sin conquers Elam, 124
Narima (Naharaim), 288
Navigation, Babylonian, 470, 512
Naville, Prof. E., 253, 305; upon the stele of Meneptah II., 306
Nebo identified with Merodach, 58; takes part at the coming of the Flood, 104; worshipped at Borsippa, 160, 409, 415; named also Lag-gi, 370; his titles, 343
Neb-mut-Râ (Amenophis III.), 276
Nebuchadnezzar (Nebuchadrezzar), son of Nabopolassar, 392; marries Amytis, sent against the army of Egypt, 397; aids, with his brother, in the restoration of the temple E-sagila, 398; mounts the throne, 398, 399; affairs in Palestine, Syria, Egypt, etc., 399-402; his dreams and the golden image, 403, 404; his buildings, 405-407; his sons, 408; was Nabonidus his son-in-law? 407, 437, 438; tablets dated in his reign, 432-440; his offerings, 433; his use of divination, 247; his name, 558
Nebuzaradan, 400, 558 ff.
Necho of Memphis and Sais, 389 n.
Nefer-titi, the Egyptian name of Tâdu-ḫêpa, 276
Negeb, the, 272
Negligence, loss or damage from, 496, 513
Nemitti-Bêl, wall of Babylon, 405
Nephayan, commander-in-chief at Syene, 539 ff.
Nergal, Nerigal, god of war, etc., 279, 330; identified with Merodach, 58; worshipped at Cuthah, 160; and in Alašia, 278
Nergal-sharezer, 408, 409
Nergal-ušêzib of Babylonia, 380
Neriglissar (Nergal-šarra-uṣur), son of Bêl-šum-iškun, 409, 438; cattle-owner, 339; trader, 440; banker, 441; mounts the throne, 408, 409; his daughter’s marriage, 442; tablets dated in his reign, 441-444; his death, 410
Net, Merodach’s, wherewith he catches Tiamtu, 24, 131, 550
Nibhaz, god of the Avvites, 129
Nîbiru, planet Jupiter, 27
Nicolas of Damascus upon Abraham, 147
Niffer (Calneh), non-existent at the beginning, 39; built by Merodach, 41; called Nippur (Niffer), 124; its temple-tower, 136; its streets and houses, 188, 189; the daughter of Niffer laments, 477, 478
Nimmalḫê, an Amorite captive, 302
Nimmuaria (Neb-mut-Râ, Amenophis III.), 276
Nimrod, son of Cush, his power and kingdom, 118, 119; the same as Merodach, 126, 127, 129, 130; “the mighty hunter,” 131; his land, 126; how his name assumed this form, 129, 550; Arabic Nimrud, 551
Nina, goddess, 64
Nin-aḫa-kudu, goddess, 41
Nin-edina, 77
Nineveh (Ninua), 376, 378, 387; probably named after Nina, daughter of Ea or Aa, 64; built by Asshur, 118, 126, 127; earliest mention of, 491; its destruction, 393
Nineveh-road, the, 384, 385
Nina-gala, goddess of Haran, 546
Nin-igi-azaga (Aa or Ea), 114
Ninip identified with Merodach, 58; his names, 235, 236, 555; worshipped near or at Jerusalem and in the west, 235, 278; in the Flood-story, 101, 104, 107
Ninšaḫ inscription dedicated to, 220
Nin-Urmuru (?), 280; possible reading Bêlit-nêši, 548
Nippuru, 28, 37. See Calneh, Niffer
Nisaba, the legend of, 76
Niṣir, the mountain on which the “ship” rested, 90, 106
Nisroch, the god Asshur, 129
Nitocris, queen, 407
Niy, city, 271; elephant-hunting near, 273
Non-existent things at the beginning, 16, 39
Nudimmud (= Aa, Aê, or Ea), 18; asked to subdue the Dragon, fails, 21; an abode made for him, 26
Nuḫašše, 317; an Assyrian district, 280
Nûr-îli-šu, builds and dedicates a temple, 162
Nûr-Rammāni (Nûr-Addi), king of Larsa, 218
Nusku, one of the gods of Haran, 202
Obelisk, the, emblematic, 265
Offerings, royal, to the gods, 433, 444-446
Officials’ rights, duties, and responsibilities, 493, 494
Offord, Mr. J., his cylinder, pl. vi. and p. 548; his tablet, 559
Og of Bashan, 313
Omri (Ḫumrî), the “house of Omri,” 332; “son of Omri,” 337, 339; “land of Omri,” 341
On (Heliopolis), 258, 264; the shrine of, 265
Opis on the Tigris, the battle of, 415, 416; tablets dated at, 439, 450, 459
Oppert, Prof., 14; his suggested Babylonian etymology of Abel, 82, 83; dates from Hebrew sources, 332
Oppolzer upon the Sothis period, 307
Oracles (for Esarhaddon), 385; (concerning Nineveh), 393
Osah (Ušû), 374
Osiris, Merodach identified with, 54; worshipped at On, 264
Ostâu (Ostanes), 540, 543 ff.
Oxen, the hire of, 512
Padî of Ekron, 375, 376, 377
Palace, house bought for a, 441; theft from a, 491, 492, 525
Palaces of Nebuchadnezzar at Babylon, 552
Palastu (Philistia), 341 (see Pilišta)
Palestine, Egyptian successes in, 270; Assyrian do., 329, 336, etc. (Amurrū, Ḫattî)
Pallukatu (the Pallacopas), 70
Pâlûma, a captive, 302
Panbesa, letter of, 305
Pantibiblon, supposed to be Sippar, 63
Paphos, 387
Pap-sukal, the god, 433
Papyri of Elephantine, the, 539-544
Paradise, the Babylonian, description of, 71, 72; its inaccessibility, 72
Pariktum (canal), 167
Partnership, 183
Party-walls or fences, 190
Pasturing, 496, 497
Patesi (priest-kings or viceroys), 126
Patinians, Kalparundu of the, 334
Patriarchs before Abraham, 141 ff.
Paura (Pauru, Puuru), the king’s commissioner, 297, 298
Peek, Sir Cuthbert, 179
Pekah, 352-355
Pekod, 458
Pekodites, the, 347
Peleg, 145, 552 " 544 (note to p. 145)
Pelusium besieged, 378, 381
Penalties, for changing the words of a contract, 174; for divorcing a wife, or denying a husband, and denying sisterhood (by adoption), 175; for denying an adopted son, an adopted father, 176, 177; for denying a mistress (by a female slave), 185; see also 190, 191
Peniel or Penuel, 547
Pen-nekheb, officer of Thothmes I., 270
Pentaur, Egyptian poet, 304
People, the, in early Babylonia, 169-191
Persian rule in Babylonia, 423 ff.
Pethor (Pitru), 329
Petrie, Prof. Flinders, 250, 253, 274, 275, 292, 293, 297, 303, 312, 313; upon the revival of native Egyptian power, 269; on Amenophis II., 273; monolith found by, 305
Pharaoh not drowned in the Red Sea, 307
Philistia (Pilišta, Palastu), 341, 352, 353, 361, 370
Phœnicia, 272, 360
Phœnix, the, 265
Physicians’ fees and liabilities, 510, 511
Pi-Beseth (Pi-Bast, Bubastis), 263
Piercing of Rahab, the, 530
Pilinussu, general of Hyspasines, 483
Pilišta (Philistia), 352, 353, 361
Pilot or boatman (of Gilgameš), 99; (of the ship or ark), 104, 116
Pirke di Rabbi Eliezer, 307
Pir-napištim, the Babylonian Noah, 73; Gilgameš sees him afar off, 99; they converse, 100; tells Gilgameš the story of the Flood, 101-108; directs his wife to cure Gilgameš, 108; tells him of a wonderful plant, 109; he was a worshipper of Ea (Aê, Aa), 113, 114; and was called also Atra-ḫasis, 107, 112, 117; his faithfulness to the old deity Aê, 114; his name probably Ut-napištim, 547
Pir’u of Musuri or Musri, 366, 370; one of the kings of the sea-coast and the desert, 368
Pishon, river, 69, 70
Pisiris of Carchemish, 350, 367
Pithom, 305
Pittit, an Elamite, 483
Place of fate, the, 472
Plague of darkness, the, 309
Plantation, concerning a, 456, 457
Planting and plantations, 497
Plant making the old young, the, 75
Plants, Merodach creates, 40
Pliny, his reference to king Horus, 124
Polyhistor, 393
Polytheism, the difficulty of escaping it, 246
Potiphar, 255; the name, 258
Poti-phera, meaning of, 258
Prayer to be freed from sin, 50-52
Presents, interchange of, 276
Priestesses and votaries, privileges of, 507, 508, 546 (180)
Priest of Nebo marries the daughter of Neriglissar, 442
Priests of On, the, 265
Primæval Ocean, the, 16
Principal cities, the, of Babylonia, 124
Procession-street at Babylon, the, 552
Profaning herself, of a temple-devotee, 499, 521
Property of officials, 493-495
Prostitution probably not compulsory, 443
Protection of caravans, the, 282
Prove purchase and gift, contracts to, 438, 439, 458
Ptolemy, 357, 358
Pul (= Pûlu, Poros), 357, 358
Pulug, Pulukku, or Peleg, 544
Pura-nunu (the Euphrates), 158
Purattu (Phuraththu), the Euphrates, 158
Purchase of a house, 460
Qarqara, royal city, 329, 330, 363; the battle there, 556 ff.
Qatna, 290, 317
Qauš-gabri of Edom, 386
Quê, 371
Qutite, Qutites, 123, 170
Qutû, the land of, 420, 422; old lamentation referring to the, 477. See Qutite
Râ or Rê, the Egyptian Sun-god, 254, 264
Râ-’Apop’i and the king of the south, 254
Rabbātum, land of, 224
Rabi-mur of Gebal, 288
Rab-mag (? = Rab-mugi), 408
Races, many, in Babylonia, 119, 169, 170, 541, 542
Rahab, 68, 530
Râ-Harmachis, 264
“Raian ibn el-Walid,” pharaoh, 263
Raising the spirit of Ea-banî, 110
Rameses I., 303
Rameses II., the pharaoh of the Oppression, 269, 304, 305, 307, 537
Rammānu (Rimmon), 160, 277
Ramoth-Gilead, 338
Ranke, Dr. Hermann, 148, 154 n.
Raphia (Rapiḫu), 363
Râ-seqenen (Seqenen-Rê) III., 261
Rassam, Mr. Hormuzd, 38; finds the gates of Balawat, 405, 556; his reference to the Nahr-Malka, 159; finds bas-relief and inscription of Ḫammurabi, 215; cylinder of Cyrus, 411, 419; his family in the East, 394
Raven, sending forth of the, 106
Rawlinson, Sir Henry, recognizes Eridu as a type of Paradise, 71; his identification of Ur (Mugheir), 193; and Kudur-mabuk, 222
Reaper, hire of a, 168
Receiver, liabilities of a, 492, 520
Rehoboth, Rehoboth-Ir, built by Asshur, 118, 127
Reisner, Dr. G. A., 156
Religion of the Western states, 277-279
Religious element, the, 159 ff.
Rent, 448
Reproaching the Amorite, 300
Repudiation of master by slave, 515 (law 282)
Resen, its origin, 126, 127
Respect for parents, 509, 522
Retaliation, the law of, 509, 510
Rezin, Rezon (Rasunnu), 350, 353, 355
Ria (the Egyptian Râ or Rê), 254
Rianappa, the representative of Egypt, 287
Rib-Addi of Gebal, etc., 293, 313
Rieu, Dr., 263
Right of way, tablet concerning, 459
Rim-Anu, king, 217
Rimmon (or Hadad), god of the atmosphere, identified with Merodach, 58; in the Flood-story, 104, 277 (Addu, Rammānu)
Rîm-Sin, 164; connection of this name with Eri-Aku, 216, 217; capture of, 213, 214, 217; inscription of, 220, 221
Rivers, the mouths of [which are on] both sides, 73; the place of the Babylonian Paradise, 71, 72
Rost, Dr. P., 347, 348, 352
Royal family, the, among the people, 166-168
Royal letters, 165
Rubenstein, Dr. Otto, 544
Rubute, city, 299
Rûkipti of Askelon, 355, 356
Rutennu (Syrians), 303; the Upper, 274; Upper and Lower, 304; conquered by Thothmes I., 270
Sabbath, the Babylonian, 27, 527, 528, pl. ii.
Sabeans, the, 203, 363
Sachau, Prof. E., 539 ff., 542
Sacrifice, the, on coming out of the ship (ark), 106
Sacrilegious theft, the punishment of, 553
Sadi-Tesub, son of Hattu-šar, 320
Šadû, Šaddu, “mountain,” “lord,” “commander,” 248
SA-GAS = ḫabatu, ḫabbatu, 291, 292, 538
Ša-imērišu, Imērisu (Syria of Damascus), 329, 334, 336, 337, 341, 354, 356
Sajur (river), 329
Šala, consort of Rimmon or Hadad, 212
Salatis, Hyksos king, 251
Salem, 239-241
Sale of a son by his parents, 435, 436
Sales of land, 237, 238; slaves, 466, 559 ff.
Šalim, šalimmu, Šulmanu (Salmanu), Šalmanu nunu, šalāmu, 239-241
Salmayātu, worshipped at Tyre, 278
Salvation, Babylonian desire for, 52
Samaria, 322; Ben-Hadad’s attempts upon, 330, 333, 338; Pekah’s flight from, 354, 355; revolts, 363; Menahem of, 350
Samarians, city of the, 350
Šamaš, the Sun-god, 77; identified with Merodach, 58; monsters guard him, 98; appoints the time for the coming of the Flood, 103, 104, 115; in Mitanni, 278
Šamaš-šum-ukîn, king of Babylon, 388
Sammu-ramat (Semiramis), 342, 343
Samsê, Samsi, queen of Arabia, 354, 363
Samsi-Adad III., king, 339
Samsimuruna, city, 386
Samsimurunâa, Menahem, the, 374
Samsu-iluna (king), 142; length of his reign, 153; tablets dated therein, 179, 180, 187, 188
Samsu-ṭitana, king, 153
Sân (deity), 156
Sân (Zoan), 263; the inhabitants said to be of a different type from those of other places in Egypt, 266
Sanaballat (Sinuballiṭ), governor of Samaria, 541, 543
Sanacharib (Sennacherib), 378, 381
Sangara of Carchemish, 329, 334; called king of the Hattê, 321
Šaniāwa, name, 458
Saniru (Shenir), 336
Saosduchinos (Samaš-šum-ukîn), 388; refuses to acknowledge his brother’s suzerainty, 391
Sapîa, city, 357
Saracos (Sin-šarra-iškun), 392, 396
Sarah, 148
Sarasar (Shareser), 378
Sardurri of Ararat, 347
Šargani (Sargon of Agadé), 124
Sargon of Agadé, 124, 313; ruler of Amurrū, 215; period and extent of his rule, 150; see also 549 ff.
Sargon (Sargina) the later, the Arkeanos of Ptolemy, 362; his annals, 367; his conquests, 322, 363-372; his death, 372
Sarḫa (Zorah), 280
Sar-îli, name, 157, 245
Šarru and Šullat, foundation of a temple to, 162
Šarru, a captive, 302
Sarru-dûri, one of Darius’s captains, 456
Šarru-îlûa, servant of Neriglissar, 439
Šarru-lû-dâri of Askelon, 374
Šarru-lû-dâri of Zoan, 389 n.
Sauê mountains, 349
Sayce, Prof., 14; identifies the Babylonian story of Paradise, 71; 124; researches in Hittite, 140, 318; upon the Amorites and Tidalum, 311, 312; his analysis of a Hittite name, 321; see also 283 n., 332, 539 n.
Scape-goat, Babylonian parallel to the, 53
Scheil, the Rev. V., 117, 487 ff., 536, 549, 558
Schrader, Prof. Eberhard, 143; identifies Amraphel with Ḫammurabi, 209; see also 341, 342
Sea, the, personified by Tiamtu, 16, 67; the abode of the god of knowledge, 62
Sea-coast, kings of the, 334, 335, 340
Seir, 296
Seizing the person for debt, 500, 521
Seleucia upon the Tigris, 476, 483, 484
Seleucus and the Babylonians, 476; Seleucus and Antiochus, tablet dated in the reign of, 477, 478
Sellas river. See Ṣilḫu
Semiramis, 342, 344
Semitic names replace the Akkadian, 125; Semitic inscriptions more numerous, 119
Sennacherib, 129, 372, 373-384; in Armenia, against Merodach-baladan, the Cosseans and Yasubigalleans, Ḫatti (Sidon, Ekron, Hezekiah, etc.), 373-376; before Lachish, 377, 382; in Babylonia, 379; Elam, 380; against Egypt, 381; his treatment of the Babylonians, 396; his death, 383, 384, 550
Seqnen-Rê, the death of, 255 n.
Šêri (Seir), 296
Serpent and magic plant, 109; serpent-god and the abode of life, 532; serpent-tempter, the 531
Serû-êṭirat, princess, 392
Sethos and Hephaistos, 549 (381)
Seti I., Meneptah, 304
“Seven” a round number, 263
Seven kings of Cyprus send tribute, 372
Seventh day, the Flood stops on the, 105; the birds sent forth seven days later, 106; duties of the, 528 (see Sabbath)
Shaaraim, 297
Shaddai, a possible etymology of, 248
Shalam (Salamis), 305
Shalman, 239
Shalmaneser II., his accession, 328; refers to Ahab and Ben-Hadad, 331 ff.; Jehu son of Omri, 332, 337-339; his death, 339
Shalmaneser III., his accession and expeditions, 344
Shalmaneser IV., his accession and expeditions, 357, 358-362
Share of the cultivator, the, 495, 525
Shareser, Sarasar, 378, 384, 385
Shasu Bedouin, the, 271, 304
Shaving the head in Egypt and Western Asia, 257
Sheep, the, of Neriglissar’s servant, 438
Shelemiah, son of Sauballaṭ, 541
Shem, 141
Shepherd kings, the, in Egypt, 251, 252 ff.
Shepherd loved by Ištar, her treatment of him, 96, 97
Sheshonq of Busiris, 389 n.
Shinar (Babylonia), 118; regarded as equivalent to Sumer, 119, 134; its etymology, 548 ff.
Ship, Gilgameš and Ur-Šanabi embark in a, 99; Gilgameš lies down in its “enclosure,” 108
Ship, Pir-napištim commanded to build one to escape the Flood, 102, 113; its building and provisionment, 103, 114; the embarkation, 103, 104, 115; the pilot, 104, 116; the god Uragala, 104; Pir-napištim looks forth, 105; the mountain of Niṣir, and the sending of the birds, 105; Ellila’s anger and Aê’s kindness, 106, 107
Shrine of Râ at On, 265
Shrines of the gods at Babylon, 472
Shuhites, 319
Shulchan Aroch, the, 306
Sibitti-bi’ili of Gebal, 350
Sickness of the head, incantation against, 55, 56
Sidon in the Tel-el-Amarna tablets, 277, 300; its tribute to Shalmaneser II. (337), 338, 339; conquered by Adad-nirari, 341; Tiglate-pileser III., 360; Sennacherib, 373; Esarhaddon, 386; Great and Little Sidon, 374
Sidonians (Ṣidunâa), 328, 337, 374
Ṣidqâ of Askelon, 374
Siduri, goddess, consulted by Gilgameš, 99
Sihon, 313
Ṣilḫu, river (the Sellas ?), 484, 561
Ṣili-Ištar and Iribam-Sin, their dissolution of partnership and the lawsuit following, 183-185
Silili, mother of the horse beloved of Ištar, 96
Ṣilli-bêl of Gaza, 376, 386
Siluna, country of, 340
Similes, Babylonian, 52
Ṣimirra (Simyra), 348, 351
Simti-Šilhak, king, 219
Simyra (Ṣimirra, Ṣumuru), 277, 293, 313, 348, 351, 363
Sin, the Moon-god, identified with Merodach, 58; worshipped at Ur and Sippar, 160, 194, 195; also at Haran, 201, 202, 411
Sin-idinnam of Larsa, 165, 169, 218
Sinjar, 304
Sin-mâr-šarri-uṣur, servant of one of Nebuchadnezzar’s sons, 435
Sin-mubaliṭ, king, 153; tablets of his reign, 178, 179, 180, 181
Sin-šarra-iškun (Saracos), the last king of Assyria, 392, 396
Sippar or Sippara (now Abu-Habbah), discovered by H. Rassam, 394; its four names, 70; supposed to be Sepharvaim, 158; dated tablets from, 211; captured by Tiglath-pileser, 347; by Cyrus, 415, 416; its gods, 415; see also 38, 63, 484
Sippara of Eden, 70
Sippar-Amnanu(m), 161, 552 ff.
Sippar-Ya’ruru (Aruru), 161, 165, 553
Sirara, forests of, 387
Sir’ilites (Sir’ilâa, Israelites), 329, 330, 332, 335, 337
Sirku, a Babylonian magnate, 454, 467 ff.
Širru, land of, 206, 207
Sirû, land of, 206, 207
Sisters, the, of Belshazzar, 450, 451
Slander, 504 (law 161)
Slavery, 182, 185-187, 515
Small Hittite states, 322
Smerdis, 424
Smith, George, publishes the Babylonian Creation-story, 14; the original of Berosus’ Canon, 84; the Gilgameš-series, 90; conducts the Daily Telegraph expedition, 90; and finds a fragment of the second Flood-story, 117; arranges the series, 91, 93, 95; identifies Arioch, 209; concerning Shalmaneser IV., 359, 362
Smiting a father, 509 (law 195)
So, king of Egypt, 359, 365, 366
“Son of his God,” the, 86
“Sons of God,” the, 85
Sons of Syrian chiefs educated in Egypt, 274
Sons, the, of Yakinlû of Arvad, 390
Sothis period, 307
Spells, 491 (laws 1 and 2)
Sphinxes, Hyksos, 264
Spiegelberg upon the stele of Meneptah II., 306
Spirit of Ea-banî, the raising of, 110
Spirits of heaven and earth, invocation of, 56
Spirits of the departed, their lot, 111
Stars, creation of, 27
States regarded by the Assyrians as Hittite, 322
Steindorff’s translation of Zaphnath-paaneah, 257
Stele of Meneptah II., extract from the, 306
Stephen, Saint, 192
Storage and deposit, 500 (laws 120 ff.)
Storm at the coming of the Flood, description of the, 104, 105
Streets of Babylonian cities, 188, 189
Šu-anna (Su-ana), a part of Babylon, foreign gods taken thither, 414, 420; Cyrus enters and receives tribute there, 420, 422; see also 433
Šu-ardatum, 299
Ṣuba’ or Ṣuma’, city of the land of, tablet dated at, 457
Subarte, 318
Šubbiluliuma, Hittite king, 537
Sūḫu and Maër, states, 319, 556
Šulmanu-ašarid (Shalmaneser), 239
Ṣuma’, land of. See Ṣuba’
Šum-Addu (Šamu-Addu) of Šam-ḫuna, 279
Suma-îlu, king, 162, 163
Šumer (= Kengi), Sumerian, 119, 134; texts (incantations), 39 ff., 55, 86, 120, 121
Šumer and Akkad, 541; mentioned by Cyrus, 420; in titles, 347, 421
Sumero-Akkadian, its nature, 120, 121; early period, 552
Sumu, apparently a deity, 142; names compounded with his, 142
Sumu-âbi, king, 153, 154
Sumu-Dagan, name, 142
Sumu-la-îli (king), his name, 142, 153, 154; tablet dated in his reign, 173, 174; (Sumulel), 181
Sumulel (= Sumu-la-îli), 181
Šumu-libšî, a witness, 167
Sun, a title of the kings of Egypt, 284, 286, 287, 289, 295
Sun, the city of the, 446
Sun the indicator of the seasons, 115
Sun-devotees, Babylonian, 161, 168
Sun-god, the, 58, 77, 92, 103, 115; (see Šamaš), worshipped at Sippar and Larsa, 160; the centre of his worship in Egypt, 258
Sûqâain, tablet dated at, 457
Surgeons’ fees and penalties, 510
Surippak, where the gods decided to make a flood, 101; the native place of Pir-napištim, 102
Suri or North Syria, the king of, 347
Sur-Šanabi (Ur-Šanabi), 540
Suru, land of, 206, 207
Susa, city of, 422
Susanchites, the, 391
Šûta, royal commissioner, 296
Šutadna of Akka (Accho), 281
Sutekh, the god of the Hyksos, 254
Sutî (Sutite, Sutites), 123, 158, 170, 291, 292, 368; brigands, 283
Šûzubu (Nergal-usêzib), 380
Swallow, the, sent forth, 106
Swearing by the gods and the king, 162, 163, 174 ff.
Syncellus, 393
Syria, Egyptian successes in, 270, 271; (Rameses II.), 304; Syria in the time of Amenophis III., 274; on the stele of Meneptah, 306; Shalmaneser II. there, 336 ff.; Adad-nirari, 341; Shalmaneser III., 344; Tiglath-pileser, 347, 351; Sargon, 367; Sennacherib, 373 ff.
Syrian campaigns, Thothmes I., 270
Tabal (Tubal), 367
Tablet of Good Wishes, the, 81
Tablets of Fate given to Kingu, 19; taken by Merodach, who presses his seal upon them, 25
Tablets referring to Chedorlaomer, Tidal, and Arioch, 223 ff.
Tâdu-hêpa, princess of Mitanni, asked in marriage (? for Amenophis IV.), 276
Takhsi, near Aleppo, 273
Takrēta_in_ (?), tablet dated at, 439
Talents, parable of the, 525
Talmud, the, 195 n., 203
Tamessus, 387
Tamar, the case of, 525
Tammuz, in Akk. Dumu-zi or Du-mu-zida, 72, 82; his names, 539; possible parallel to the story of Cain and Abel, 83; his wife, Ištar, causes him grief, 96; his temple-tower at Agadé (Akkad), 136; worshipped also at Eridu, 160; in the west, 279; early date of his worship, 555; see also 547
Tammuz of the Abyss, 43, 63, 65
Tâmtu, the coast-land, 122, 123
Tanis (Zoan), 264. See Sân
Taribu, queen, 173
Tarpelites, the, 391
Tašmêtum, spouse of Nebo, 213
Tauthé (= Tiamtu), 16, 67
Taylor Cylinder, 373
Teie (Teyi), the first wife of Amenophis III., 275, 276
Tel-Aššur (Til-Ašurri), 388
Tel-Basta (Bubastis), 264
Tel-el-Amarna tablets, 249, 275-302
Tel-Sifr ruin-mound, 176, 211, 214
Temâ, Babylonian city, 412
Temeni, land of, 343
Temple, gift of a, 162
Temple (Jewish) at Elephantine, 539 ff.; destroyed, 540
Temple of Belus, the, 552
Temple of the Sun-god, declaration made in the, 184
Temples restored by the early kings, 161, 162; benefited by Ḫammurabi, 489-491
Temple-towers, Babylonian, 136 ff.
Tenneb (Tunep, Dunip), 277; its government, 280
Terah, traditions concerning, 146; stated to have been an idolater, 147, 195; his journey from Ur to Haran, 192, 195, 196; his name compared, 544
Teraphim, the, 246, 524
Tešupa or Tešub, Hadad of Mitanni, 277
Teuwatti of Lapana, 289
Thargal, for Thadgal = Tidal, 232. See Tudḫula
Thebais, kings of, 252
Thebes and the Thebans, their aid in expelling the Hyksos, 269, 270; the birthplace of Thothmes III., 271; stronghold of Tirhakah, 389
Theft (death-penalty for), 491, 492; by an employé, 513; of things deposited, 501, 521; see also 520, 561
Thompson, Prof. Campbell, 559
Thoth, 264
Thothmes I., 270
Thothmes II., 271
Thothmes III., 271, 316
Thothmes IV., 274, 316
“Throne-bearers” of the gods, 82
Thureau-Daugin, Morsiem F., 218
Tiamat, 67. See Tiamtu
Tiamtu or Tiawthu (= Tauthé), 16, 17, 33; being joined by certain gods, prepares to fight, 18 ff.; her husband Kingu, 19, 20; terrifies the gods Anu and Nudimmud, 21; caught by Merodach, 24, 131; conquered, 25; cut asunder, 26; her head pierced, 31; meaning of her name, 33, 67; why applied, 68; her desire to be the creator or producer, 34, 35; how typified in the O. T., 68
Tiamtu, the sea-coast, 230
Tidal, 222. See Tudḫula
Tidalum = Tidnu = Amurrū, 312
Tidnu, the Akkadian name of Amurrū (the land of the Amorites), 206, 208, 312; ideograph for, 312
Tiglath-pileser I., 129; kills elephants in Mesopotamia and Lebanon, 200, 201; attacks the Hittites, 318
Tiglath-pileser III., 346; “king of Sumer and Akkad,” 347; captures Arpad, 347; Kullanû, etc., 348; tribute from Syria, 350; marches to Madâa, Nal, and Ararat, 351; takes Gaza, 352; marches to Damascus, helps Ahaz, 353; describes the flight of the Syrian king, 354; his conquests, 355, 356; submission of Chaldean tribes, entry into Babylon, death, 357; = Pul, 357, 358
Tigris and Euphrates, creation of, 40; mentioned in Gen. i., 69; rivers of the district of Sippar, 158; and of Babylon, 471
Tigris, the, flows close to Nineveh, 393; Cyrus and the districts of, 422; Elamite incursions thither, 483. See Seleucia
Ti’imūṭusu, son of Aspāsinē, 483
Til-barsip, 328
Til-garimme (Togarmah), 271, 368
Tilla (= Ararat), 122, 208
Timašgi (regarded as Dimaški = Damascus), 290
Timnah (Tamnâ), 375
Tindir (Babylon), 420, 421
el-Tireh, 293
Tirhakah, 383, 388, 389
Tithes, payments of, 434
Title of the Gilgameš legend, 91
Togarmah (Tilgarimme), 271, 368
“Tooth for tooth,” 509
Topography of Babylon, 552
Tower of Babel, the Mohammedan legend of the, 551
Transcription of lines referring to Antiochus’s rule in Babylonia, 553
Tree-felling, 497 (law 59)
Towns in the ancient East, 188
Trade between Canaan and Babylonia, 281
Translation of the hero of the Flood, 108, 116
Translation, Semitic, inserted in the divided Akkadian lines, 38
“Tree of the drink of life” = the vine, 75
“Tree of knowledge,” 73; the Babylonian parallel of the, 77
“Tree of life,” 73; a Babylonian parallel of the, 75
Trees, sacred, of the Babylonians and Assyrians, 74-77, pl. III.
Tribes classed as Amorites, 311
Tribute of Carchemish of the Hittites, 321
Tubal, 367, 390
Tuckwell, the Rev. J., 551
Tudḫula, the probable Babylonian form of Tidal, 222, 223, 224, 227, 231, 232, 537, 554
Tukulti-Ninip I. annexes Babylonia, 327, 371
Tum or Tmu, 264
Tunep, Syrian town, 272; its resistance, 305 (Dunip, Tenneb)
Ṭpašu, canal, 468
Turbazu killed, 296
Tušamilki of Muṣur, 390
Tutamû, king of Unqu, 348
Tutu, a name of Merodach, 30; the explanation given, 45
Tûya, a captive, 302
Two wives, marriage-contracts for, 174, 175
Ty, Ay’s queen, 303
Tyre (Ṣurru), 277, 338, 339, 360, 373, 386, 400; blockaded by Nebuchadnezzar, 490; Ṣûru =? Tyre, 401; contract dated at, 401
Tyre, the land of, conquered by Adad-nirari, 341
Tyre, Old (Palaetyrus), 360
Tyrians, the land of the, pays tribute, 328, 337, 350; resists Shalmaneser IV., 360
Ube, Syria of Damascus, 290
Udumu, 310; (Edom), 322, 341, 370, 374, 386
Ugga, the god of Death, 36
Ukabu’šama, daughter of Nabonidus, 451
Ukîn-zēr (Chinzeros), 356, 357
Ukka, 127
Ukus, patesi, 124
Ul-Šamaš, city, 213
Umbara-Tutu, father of Pir-napištim, 102
Ummanaldas of Elam, 391
Umman-manda, the, 230, 392
Ummu Ḫubur, a designation of Tiamtu, 18
Unknown tongue, an, 140
Unlawful pasturing, 496, 521
Unqu, 348
Unskilful surgical treatment, penalties for, 510, 511
Unug, Akkadian form of the name of Erech, 84
Upaḫḫir-bêlu, eponymy of, 372
Upê, Upia (Opis), 439, 458, 459
Upê-rabi, “Opis is great,” name, 182
Upšukenaku, the place of assembly of the gods, 21
Ur (of the Chaldees), 124; its temple-tower, 136, 193-195; = Urie or Camarina, 146, 147, 196, 197; identified with Mugheir, 193; possibly really Uri or Ura (Akkad), 197; rebels against Assyria, 386; Nabonidus’s inscriptions at, 414, 415; name of its wall or fortification, 220
Ura, god of pestilence, 107; legend of Ura, 122; “Ura the unsparing,” 228; invoked by Evil-Merodach, 409
Ura-gala and the ship (ark), 104
Urarṭu (Ararat), 127. See Urtū
Uraš, god of Dailem, 279; the great gate of, 468
Urbi, the, 376, 557
Urdamanê, son of Sabaco, 389
Urfa (Orfa), the traditional Ur of the Chaldees, 192, 193
Uri or Ura = Akkad, 122, 134
Urie (Ur of the Chaldees), 146; a centre of lunar worship, 147
Urikku of the Kûites, 350
Uriwa, the Akkadian form of Ur (Mugheir), 193 ff.
Ur-kasdim (Ur of the Chaldees), 193. See Ur of the Chaldees
Urraḫinaš, Hittite city, 320
Ursalimmu (Jerusalem), 375, 376
Ur-Šanabi, the pilot or boatman, accompanies Gilgameš to see Pir-napištim, 99; takes the hero to be cleansed, 109; returns with him to Erech, 109, 110; Sur-Šanabi, 548
Urṭū (apparently short for Urarṭu), Ararat, 122, 208
Uru (in Uru-salim), probably from the Akkadian, 241
Uru-gala, the image of, 480, 561
Uruk supuri, “Erech the walled,” 91
Uru-ku, the dynasty of, 154
Urumaians (Hittites), 318
Uru-milki of Gebal, 374
Uru-salim (Jerusalem), 234, 239
Uruwuš (king), 124
Usertesen I., 261
Uštan(n)u (Ostanes), 543 ff.
Ut-napištim, 548
Van, 127, 367
Vannites, 391
Venus, 203. See Istar
Veterinary surgeons’ fees and penalties, 511
Vicious cattle, laws concerning, 512, 523
Village settlements, growth of, 171
Vine, the, 75
Vine of the Babylonian Paradise, 71
Violation, penalty for, 501, 521
Virgins, priestesses, and hierodules, 508
Vowel-changes in the Akkadian dialects, 241
Waidrang, governor of Elephantine, 539
Wall built at Ur (Uriwa) by Eri-Aku, 220
Ward, Dr. W. Hayes, conductor of the Wolfe expedition, 70
“Warehouse of the king’s gifts,” the, 445
Water, concerning the king’s, etc., 446
“Waters of death,” the, 99
Way, the Rev. Dr. J. P., 155
Weissbach, Dr., 556, 558
Wedding-gift, the bridegroom’s, 553
West called Amurrū (Amoria, the land of the Amorites), 205
West-land, no record of an expedition to, in the reign of Ḫammurabi, 214, 215; his claim to this tract, 215
West-Semitic deities, 156; names, 157
Whitehouse, Mr. F. Cope, 263
Wiedemann, Prof., 253
Wife of Pir-napištim prepares the magic food, 108, 109
Wife-seeking, Abraham’s, for his son, parallels to, 524
Wild animals damage by, 512, 523
Winckler, Dr. Hugo, 235, 297, 537, 538
Wine-women, 499 (laws 108 ff.)
Wišyari, a captive, 302
Witnesses necessary, 500, 501; names of, 162, 237, 238, etc.
Working an ox unlawfully, 512, 523
Working-off debt, 500 (law 117)
Workmen, hire of, 188, 514
Worship, lines upon, 49
Xenophon, 422
Xerxes, forms of his name, 428
Yaana or Yawani, a Hittite, 369, 370
Yaanana. See Yatnana.
Yâ, Ya’u, Au, Aa, names containing, 59
Yâ-abî-ni, name, 60
Yabitiri, governor of Gaza and Jaffa, 279; to the king of Egypt, 284
Yabušu, name, 324
Ya-Dagunu, name, 59
Ya’enḫamu (Yanḫamu), 298
Yahu (Jah, Jehovah), temple of, at Elephantine, 539 ff., 544
Yahwah, 342. See -yāwa
Yakinlû of Arvad, 389; sends his sons to Assur-banî-âpli, 390
Yakubu, Yakubi, Yakub-îlu, Ya’kubi-îlu (Jacob, Jacob-el), and other similarly-formed names, 157, 183, 243-245, 554
Yamutbālu, Emutbālu, conquered by Ḫammurabi, 211, 212, 214, 216
Yanḫamu, an Egyptian official, 285, 295, 298
Yanzû, king of Na’iri or Mesopotamia, 367
Yapa-Addu, 293
Yapti’-Addu killed, 296
Yapu, Yappu (Jaffa), 285, 375
Yaraqu traversed by Shalmaneser, 334, 349
Yasubigalleans, 373
Yašupum, Yašup-îlu (Joseph, Joseph-el), and other similarly-formed names, 157, 243
Yatnana (Yaanana), Cyprus, 387
Ya’u, Yaum, etc., 535, 536; suggested etymology of, 113; supposed to have been identified with Aa or Ea, 18
Yaua (Jehu), 337, 339
Yau-bi’idi (= Ilu-bi’idi) of Hamath, 322, 363, 366
Yaudu, Yaudi (Judah), 370, 386, 389
Yaum-îlu, name, meaning “Jah is God” (Joel), 199 n.
Ya’wa, Yâwa, 535
-yāwa, names ending in, 458, 465, 470, 471
Ya(’)we-îlu, name, 535
Yeb (Elephantine), 539 ff.; meaning of the name, 544
Yedoniah of Elephantine, 539 ff.
Yehohanan (Johanan or John), 540, 542
Yidia of Askelon to the king of Egypt, 286, 287
Yoke of Assyria thrown off by Nabopolassar, 550
Young, plant to make the old, 109
Zabibé, queen of Arabia, 350
Zabû, Zabium (king), 153; tablets dated in his reign, 174, 183, 237
Zagaga, god of battle, identified with Merodach, 58; temple of, at Kiš, 213, 214, 415, 489
Zahi (Phœnicia), 270
Zaphnath-paaneah, Steindorff’s translation of, 257
Zarephath (Sareptu), 374
Zedekiah, captured, 400. See Mattaniah
Zelah, 297
Zēru-kênu-lîsir, son of Merodach-baladan, 386
Zēr-panitum, consort of Merodach, 160, 212; swearing by, 433; invocation of, 466; see also 472, 479
Zērû-Bâbîli (Zerubbabel, better Zeru-Babel), a frequent name, 425, 441, 559
Zeus (Belos), 137
Zikurat Babili, 139
Zilû city, 296
Zimmern, Prof. H., 68, 536, 546
Zimrêda of Sidon, hostile to Egypt, 293; Zimrêda of Lachish, threatened, 296; another Z., 556
Ziri-Bašani (field of Bashan), 277
Zoan, supposed place where Joseph met Pharaoh, 253
Zubuduru, messenger of Nebuchadnezzar’s son, 434
FOOTNOTES
1 Written on the edge of the tablet in the Assyrian copy.
2 Cf. the royal names, Anman-ila, Buntaḫtun-ila, etc., in the so-called Arabic Dynasty of Babylon. (P. 154.)
3 Literally “he who feareth not his god.”
4 The Akkadian line has “the sickness (disease) of the head.”
5 Cuneiform Inscriptions and the O.T., 2nd edit. vol. i. p. 28.
6 A later explanation by Prof. Sayce is, that Enoch may be Ḫana, “on the east side of Babylonia,” with the determinative suffix ki (making Ḫanaki) added. See Expository Times, Jan. 1902, p. 179.
7 In this description of the contents of the 12 tablets referring to Gilgameš, the common reading of the name of his friend and companion has been retained, partly to keep a form which was more or less familiar, and partly because the reading is doubtful. From the new text discovered by Meissner, however, the name would seem not to be Êa-bani, but Êa-du or Enki-du. Future discoveries may ultimately give us the true reading.
8 Variant, “with loud voice.”
9 Variant, “Maḫ.”
10 Compare the story of Aesculapius, who, when in the house of Glaucus, killed a serpent, upon which another of these reptiles came with a herb in its mouth, wherewith it restored its dead companion to life. Aesculapius was to all appearance luckier than Gilgameš, for it was with this herb that he restored the sick and dead, whereas the Babylonian hero seems to have lost the precious plant.
11 Apparently meaning the same as if the word “artificers” only had been used. Compare the expression “a son of Babylon” for “a Babylonian.”
12 Marshall Brothers, Paternoster Row.
13 The Assyrians, when referring to Babylonia, generally call it “Akkad,” which ought rather, therefore, to be the district nearest to them—that is, the northern part of the country, immediately south of their own borders. They also called this part Karduniaš, one of the names by which it was known in Babylonia.
14 See p. 122.
15 Other possible instances of the occurrence of this element in names of this time are Zumu-rame, Šumu-ḫammu (apparently for Sumu-ḫammu), Sumu-ḫala, Samu-abum, Samukim, Sumu-entel (so probably to be read instead of Sumu-ente-al), Sumu-ni-Ea, “Our Shem is Ea,” and in all probability many others could be found. (See Hommel, Ancient Hebrew Tradition.)
16 For further information upon Babylonia and Egypt, compare Prof. F. Hommel’s “Der babylonische Ursprung der ägyptischen Kultur,” München, G. Franz, 1892. A new etymology of Arpachshad, very similar to that of Prof. Schrader, has, however, lately been suggested by Prof. Sayce, and afterwards by Prof. Hommel, who has apparently abandoned that given above.
17 See the tablet translated on pp. 182-183, and compare the documents quoted on pp. 174, 178 ff., 180, 184, 185, 186-7.
18 In consequence of variations in the lists, there is doubt as to the total of the reigns of the above kings. The shorter indications have been given above, as far as the reign of Samsu-iluna. A small tablet from Babylon (Rassam excavations) gives Sumu-abi 15, Sumu-la-ila 35, Zabû 14, Abil-Sin 18, Sin-mubaliṭ 30, Ḫammurabi 55, and Samsu-iluna 35—total, with the others, 304 years instead of 285. Perhaps there were usurpers, whose reigns have not been included. There seems to have been an interregnum after the reign of Samu-abi (Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archæology, 1899, p. 161).
19 Or Buntaḫtun-ila, in an inscription published by Hermann Ranke (Pennsylvania Expedition, vol. VI., part 1, 1906).
20 The name really seems, however, to be Sumuenteal, probably a scribe’s error.
21 Or “heroic son”—dumu ursa[ga?].
22 The Ebišum of the chronological lists.
23 Yosephia and Habe-Ibraheem.
24 See the Quarterly Statement of the Palestine Exploration Fund, July 1900, pp. 262, 263.
25 An interesting commentary on this is furnished by the British Museum tablet K, 2100, which informs us that the god Rimmon or Hadad was called Addu or Dadu in Amorite, Tešsub in the language of Su (Mesopotamia), Maliku in the language of Suḫ, (the Shuites), Kunzibami in Elamite, and Buriaš in Kassite. The same inscription also states that the word for “God” was ene in Su, nab in Elamite, malaḫum in Amorite, kiurum in Lulubite, mašḫu in Kassite, and gives the additional synonyms (? in Babylonian) qadmu, “he who was first,” digirū (from the Akkadian dingir, “god”), and also, seemingly, ḫilibu.
26 To all appearance letters were originally read out to the person addressed by a professional reader.
27 This often happens, the most interesting case being the tablets referring to Bunanitum, four in number, acquired in 1876, 1877, and a year or two later. Another of the series is in New York. Cf. pp. 459-465.
28 I have purposely given the translation of the inner tablet, that of the envelope being less simply worded, and therefore not quite so easy to understand. The list of witnesses, however, is from the envelope, this being much more satisfactory in that it gives the father’s name and the title of the person in some cases.
29 The envelope here adds: “At no future time shall he make a claim.”
30 This is apparently an expression taken from the contracts referring to the purchase of houses, in which the same set phrases were used.
31 In the list of household goods inscribed on the tablet Bu. 91-5-9, 337, are enumerated 1 bed, 1 couch, 2 tables, other objects, mostly of wood, to the number of 42; 7 pots, 1 chair, 4 ušratum (probably vessels containing the tenth part of some measure), 5 hamsatum (probably vessels containing the fifth part of a measure), 31 qa of sesame, and a few other things.
32 Generally read Ê-giš-šir-gal.
33 Probably the first line of the next tablet.
34 The Talmud says that Terah worshipped twelve divinities, one for each month of the year.
35 There was a temple of the sun and the moon at a town at no great distance from Ur [Mugheir], now represented by the mounds of Tel-Sifr, where a number of tablets with envelopes were found.
36 One of the most interesting names found in the texts of this period is that of Yaum-îlu, “Jah is God,” occurring in a letter. Yau (Jah) was one of the Babylonian words indicating the Supreme God, only used, however, in special cases. (Cf. pp. 58 ff.)
37 See the inscription translated on p. 155.
38 In inscriptions referring to Haran the Moon-god bears this name.
39 Apparently the god Sin, through the priest, his representative. For Esarhaddon’s successes in Egypt, see p. 388.
40 The ayin of the second element must have been pronounced like the Arabic ghain, making ’Atar-ghata, which would probably be a better transcription.
41 A corrupt form of the same name.
42 This is probably not the land of Ḫana referred to on p. 84, note, which was apparently a Babylonian principality, and retained its independence to a comparatively late date. It was a district which had especially skilful stone- and metal-workers.
43 A doubtful rendering.
44 Or “Year of the images of the 7 gods.”
45 Or “Year of (the temple) Ê-namḫe.”
46 It may just be mentioned that date 30, “Year of the army of Elam,” if correctly rendered, may refer to the Elamite expedition to the West, but it seems more likely that it records a disaster to the Elamite arms, which enabled Ḫammurabi to overthrow Rîm-Sin of Emutbālu next year.
47 A deity, probably the god of destruction.
48 Further details will be found in the paper, Certain Inscriptions and Records, etc. in the Journal of the Victoria Institute, 1895-96, pp. 43-90. Published also separately.
49 The word ḳâtu, “hand,” in Semitic Babylonian, means also “power,” and as an explanatory gloss, the scribe has introduced the Hebrew זרוע or עורז, zuruḫ in Assyrian transcription, meaning “arm,” or, here, “power.” Apparently he was afraid that ḳâtu would not be understood.
50 In this connection Maspero’s remarks upon this fragment (Records of the Past, 2nd series, vol. ii. p. 43) are worth repeating. He points out that there were three Pharaohs named Soqnun-rî (= Seqnen-Rê), and he implies that it was in all probability the last of these which is referred to. He perished by a violent death, perhaps in battle against the Hyksos themselves. “He had shaved his head the morning before, ‘arraying himself for the combat like the god Montu,’ as the Egyptian scribes would say. His courage led him to penetrate too far into the ranks of the enemy; he was surrounded and slain before his companions could rescue him. The blow of an axe removed part of his left cheek and laid bare the teeth, striking the jaw and felling him stunned to the ground; a second blow entered far within the skull, a dagger or short lance splitting the forehead on the right side a little above the eye. The Egyptians recovered the body and embalmed it in haste, when already partly decomposed, before sending it to Thebes and the tomb of his ancestors.... The author of the legend may probably have continued the story down to the tragic end of his hero. The scribe to whom we owe the papyrus on which it is inscribed must certainly have intended to complete the tale; he had recopied the last lines on the reverse of one of the pages, and was preparing to continue it when some accident intervened to prevent his doing so.... It is probable, however, that it went on to describe how Soqnun-rî, after long hesitation, succeeded in escaping from the embarrassing dilemma in which his powerful rival had attempted to place him. His answer must have been as odd and extraordinary as the message of ’Apôpi, but we have no means even of conjecturing what it was.”
51 Compare the name of the well near which Hagar the Egyptian woman fell down exhausted when fleeing from Sarai, Abraham’s wife: “The well of the living one who seeth me.”
52 Driver, in Hastings’s Dictionary of the Bible, under Joseph.
53 Or “to each hungry person.”
54 This and other transcriptions of the name into cuneiform character suggests that it was generally pronounced Neb-mu’a-Re’a.
55 Another god of Mitanni seems to have been Eaašarri, probably from the Babylonian Êa šarru, “Êa (Aê) the king.” Other Mitannian deities are Šimîgi and Sušbi.
56 Compare the Arabic eshāra, “sign.”
57 Nin-urmuru (?) is only a provisional transcription, being at least partly Akkadian. Her name in all probability began with Bêlit, “lady of” = Bâalat. As the name ends with the plural sign, the question naturally arises whether it may not be practically a title—“Lady of the Urmuru” (?), or something of the kind.
58 I.e. to king Amenophis, to whom he was writing.
59 In all probability this is metaphorically spoken, and means simply that he captured him. The feet of those vanquished in battle were sometimes cut off, but it is hardly likely that a man would survive this without medical treatment.
60 Lit. “stood before him.”
61 Lit. “a servant of faithfulness.”
62 Lit. “I look thus, and I look thus.”
63 It is doubtful whether the full form of the name is preserved, the tablet being broken at this point.
64 Ḫani-galbat is identified with northern Mesopotamia (Aram-Naharaim), and was the land ruled over by Dušratta, king of Mitanni, a synonym of which, at least in part, the district known as Ḫani-galbat was. Ḫana-galbat is apparently a variant spelling.
65 Or “the keeper of thy horses.” The dual sign before the word “horses” suggests that “attendant,” “guardian,” or “driver” of the two horses of the king’s chariot is meant. The expression is apparently intended merely to indicate the writer’s position as vassal.
66 Lit. “to whose head,” apparently meaning “to whose self” = “to whom.”
67 Thus in the original—apparently Abdi-ṭâba thought that “they backbite” (îkalu karsi) might not be understood.
68 The name is lost.
69 The number is lost.
70 This number is incomplete.
71 Lit. “taken hostility against me.”
72 Lit. “there is alliance to all the governors.”
73 The scribe has left out a wedge in the middle character, making the name Kapasi.
74 Apparently meaning that Milki-îli, pretending to be faithful to the king of Egypt, intended to ask him, later on, for the territory governed by Lab’aya and Arzawa, in order to give it back to them, they having forfeited it by their rebellion.
75 So Naville and others.
76 Sothis rose heliacally on the 9th of Epiphi of the 9th year (1545 B.C.) of Amenophis I. Amosis, his predecessor, ruled twenty-two years, so that his first year must be 1575 B.C. Subtract 240 years, the period of oppression, from 1575, and we obtain 1335 as the date of the Exodus.
77 Mahler suggests that it was one of the sons of Rameses II. who met with his death in the Red Sea when pursuing the departing Israelites.
78 Also Abdi-Aširta, Abdi-Ašratum.
79 Lit. “chariots of the harness of their yoke.”
80 Prof. Sayce translates “like moon-stone I laid low.”
81 Or “fear which dreaded.”
82 These words (ša mât Ḫat-ta-a-a) are inserted in this place in squeeze 84.
83 See the list, p. 374 (with 373 and 378). Amurrū (Amoria, p. 374) appears as in Ḫatti (p. 373), or synonymous with it.
84 Lit. “of his decision.”
85 See p. 224.
86 The land of the Amorites.
87 Or Šizanians.
88 Only eleven are mentioned.
89 The god of death and battle.
90 Thus in the inscription, but translators generally read Gilzanu.
91 Guide to the Nimroud Central Saloon, p. 31. This rendering is based on a careful comparison of the inscription with the bas-relief.
92 “Son of Ê-saggil” means that he was one of the deities worshipped in the temple bearing that name. The god Ninip is called “son of E-sarra,” for the same reason. Nebo was especially worshipped, however, at Ê-zida.
93 “The broad (land of) ... li,” however, occurs, and, as Professor Hommel actually suggests, may be a reference to Nap-ta-li or Naphtali.
94 I.e. like the ruins of cities which had been swept away by a flood. In both Assyria and Babylonia floods were common things, and the devastation they caused naturally gave rise to the simile.
95 According to Fried. Delitzsch, this is incorrectly given for Sewe, the Sib’e of the Assyrian inscriptions.
96 If it be Sargon, then it was naturally he who carried Israel captive to Assyria, placing them in Halah, Habor, and the cities of the Medes.
97 I.e. those of the island of Tyre, which still held out.
98 Lit. “I smote their overthrow.”
99 See the chapter upon the Tel-el-Amarna letters (p. 281 ff.).
100 It is noteworthy, however, that Sabaco is elsewhere called Sabaku (see below, p. 389).
101 “The two borders,” see Sayce. The Assyrian form is singular, as is also the Babylonian Miṣir, which has i for u in both syllables. The Arabic form is Miṣr. Muṣur(u), Misir(u), Miṣraim, and Misr are all forms of the same name.
102 Compare p. 366, where the earlier payment of tribute is referred to.
103 See pp. 283, 291, 292.
104 The land of Heth, Syria in general.
105 Lit. “wrought anew.”
106 Or Ya(w)anana. (This is added from the bull-inscription.)
107 Or Ṣidqaa (for Ṣidqaia = Zedekiah).
108 Unknown objects—perhaps gold bangles or similar things.
109 Lit. “whatever its name.”
110 Or “I.”
111 Elibus in Alexander Polyhistor, as quoted by Eusebius, Armenian Chronicle, 42.
112 It is impossible, with our present knowledge, to determine the date of Merodach-baladan’s envoy to Hezekiah (2 Kings xx. 12), but if at the late period indicated, he must have been in hiding, and waiting for the chance to mount the throne again.
113 This, together with Nagitu, and Nagitu-di’ibina, are apparently different from the Nagite-raqqi or Nagitu-raqqu mentioned above. Apparently Merodach-baladan had fled from the Nagitu “within the sea” to the mainland.
114 The Babylonian Chronicle claims victory for the allies, and Sennacherib for the Assyrians. The sequel implies that the latter is the more trustworthy.
115 I.e. Mer-en-Ptah, Seti I. As, however, this king reigned as early as 1350 B.C., Herodotus must have been misinformed. Tirhakah, “king of Ethiopia,” was Sennacherib’s opponent at the period of the siege of Jerusalem (2 Kings xix. 9).
116 Tel-Assar (Isaiah xxxvii. 12)—Assar probably = Asari (p. 54).
117 There were twenty provinces in all, including those of Nikû, king of Mempi and Sâa (Necho of Memphis and Sais); Šarru-lû-dâri (an Assyrian name), king of Ṣi’anu (Zoan or Tanis), Susinqu (Sheshonq), king of Buširu (Busiris), and many others.
118 “To the long chariot, the vehicle of my royalty.”
119 As pointed out by Commander Jones in 1852, the river responsible for the disaster was not the Tigris, but must have been the Khosr, which flows through Nineveh from the N.E., and runs into the Tigris W.S.W. of the village of Armushieh.
120 Apparently Duwair, S.S.E. of Babylon. This, however, is probably not a real place-name, the word really meaning “mound.”
121 A part of Babylon.
122 Lit. “like as a corpse.”
123 Lit. “went round” or “about.”
124 Probably meaning Asiatics, in contradistinction to the fair inhabitants of Europe.
125 The old name of Babylon as “the seat of life” = old Babylon.
126 Lit. “their number cannot be announced.”
127 Lit. “of the land of Amoria.”
128 The old capital of Assyria.
129 An addition by the scribe of the first tablet (the more correct copy), seemingly partly erased.
130 The second copy (the less correct) has, instead of “who is over the city,” the words “the son of the king ...,” which (judging from the word for “man” before “king”) the scribe must have read into the traces which he saw.
131 This must be another Marduka—it is most unlikely that it is the son of Adi’îlu and Ḫulîtu, concerning whom the document was written.
132 Variant, Adi’îlu, possibly the seller of Marduka, and if so, Ukîn-zēra must have been the brother of the man sold.
133 See above, p. 445, where the husbandmen are referred to.
134 Probably = “under.”
135 Apparently from the root par, “to be bright.” These stones were probably sacred to the Sun-god.
136 Or “the woollen stuffs.”
137 Lit. “thou (art) in thy house, in thy heart (there is) good to thee.”
138 It seems to have been sometimes the custom for a man to be known by more than one name.
139 Lit. “gardenership.”
140 This may mean “the Egyptian,” but as there were more than one Miṣir, this is doubtful.
141 Nabonidus.
142 Or, perhaps, “(in) the plantation-territory.”
143 Or, perhaps, “the territory of the great farther side.”
144 As the Babylonians had no means of indicating the sound of o, characters containing u had to be used in such words as these. The Babylonian pronunciation of the Greek πολίτης was, therefore, poliṭē. Another form of this plural word, namely, puliṭannu (poliṭānu), also occurs.
145 In 1890, when this inscription was copied, it was in the possession of Mr. Lucas, who kindly gave me permission to publish it. I do not know who possesses the tablet at present. The seal-impression at the end is exceedingly indistinct.
146 The spirits of the earth.
147 The Sungod was the god of justice, hence this comparison.
148 The inhabitants of the land.
149 The temple-tower of Niffur.
150 The temple of Bel at Niffur.
151 The temple of Eridu.
152 The temple of Bel at Babylon.
153 See p. 193.
154 The temple of Ur—see p. 194 ff.
155 The moon-goddess of Sippar.
156 The temple of the sun at Sippar.
157 Ellasar.
158 The temple of the sun at Larsa (Ellasar).
159 The god and goddess of Ê-anna, the temple of Erech.
160 The temple of Isin or Nisin.
161 The temple of Kiš.
162 Apparently a conflict had taken place here, and the success of the Babylonian arms was attributed to the god of the place.
163 The temple of Cuthah.
164 Merodach—see p. 30 ff.
165 The temple of Borsippa.
166 The modern Dailem.
167 The god of Dilmu.
168 The temple at Lagas.
169 Goddess of Ḫallabu.
170 Lit.: “the raising of the hand.”
171 Hadad.
172 Or, with Scheil: who has rectified the course of the Tigris. As, however, the sign for “river” is wanting, the meaning “family,” “race,” which this word has, is to be preferred.
173 The temple of Ištar of Nineveh, later called E-masmas.
174 Lit.: “to the river-god,” and so throughout the clause.
175 A matter of life and death.
176 Lit.: “which is in that judgment.”
177 Cf. 126, 131.
178 Lit.: “a period to the sixth month.”
179 Lit.: “in the sixth month.”
180 Lit.: “shall call upon the spirit of God.”
181 Lit.: “In the house of a man fire has been kindled.”
182 Lit.: “a man of substitution.”
183 The officer, etc.
184 Lit.: “for opening.”
185 Lit.: “the god Hadad.”
186 Or, “did not cover the cost.”
187 Lit.: “the god Hadad.”
188 Lit.: “the lord of the interest.”
189 Lit.: “profit.”
190 Or, “its interest.”
191 Lit.: “sons,” or “children.”
192 I.e. in the same proportion.
193 Lit.: “in days not full.”
194 In the British Museum fragment 80-11-12, 1235, found by Mr. Rassam in Babylonia, 100 and 101 form a single section, the last one of the 5th tablet.
195 Lit.: “invoke the spirit of God.”
196 In other words, “he shall take a receipt for the amount.”
197 Probably = “shall not be placed to his credit.”
198 Lit.: “dwells on the road.”
199 Lit.: “the possessions of his hand.”
200 Lit.: “and to whatever its name, as much as he gave, he shall renounce.”
201 Lit.: “the distraint.”
202 Apparently the agent who lent him the money, and who is called “the distrainer” in the foregoing lines.
203 Has not made a contract for her.
204 Lit.: “If the wife of a man her husband accuse her.”
205 Lit.: “she shall invoke the spirit of God.”
206 The original text adds “before him,” probably meaning “before he left.”
207 Or “may.”
208 Lit.: “after him.”
209 Or “need.”
210 Lit.: “she may take the husband of her heart.”
211 Lit.: “take.”
212 Or “a chain.”
213 Lit.: “her after (property).”
214 Lit.: “a lord of interest.”
215 Lit.: “set her upon a stake.”
216 There is a mistake in the text here, the most probable reading being “cast him into the water.”
217 Lit.: “movable(s),” French du meuble.
218 Perhaps “shall add to it an equal amount,” as a kind of compensation. Scheil has “il égalera.”
219 That is, to the man himself.
220 In all probability it is an adopted son who is meant—it is doubtful whether a man could do more than disinherit his own child.
221 I.e. decide to marry again.
222 Lit.: “her sonhood, of her brothers it is.”
223 The same word is used as in the case of a marriage-gift.
224 The same word is used as in the case of a marriage-gift.
225 That is, she must content herself with the marriage-gift.
226 Lit.: “taken to childship.”
227 Or “in his name.”
228 These were in the position of orphans, having no proper home.
229 Lit.: “the son of a worker.”
230 Or “as a foster-child.”
231 Here the term would seem to be equivalent to “apprentice.”
232 Evidently such a denial on the child’s part was regarded as the height of ingratitude (see the footnote to § 187).
233 In the original “his eye.”
234 Lit.: “price.”
235 Or “skull,” Scheil: “cerveau.” Peiser’s rendering, “cheek” (Backe), seems to be the best. (This applies to laws 203-205 as well.)
236 According to Winckler, this expression (“son of a man”) means “a free-born man.”
237 Lit.: “slave like slave.”
238 Lit.: “the silver of half his price.”
239 Lit.: “lord of the injury.”
240 This was regarded as a fraud, and punished as such.
241 Or “the boatman shall repair that vessel, and strengthen (it) with his own capital, and give the strengthened vessel (back) to the owner of the vessel.”
242 Lit.: “price.”
243 Lit.: “ox like ox.”
244 Such is the general translation. An injury of this kind would render the animal useless, as it would be unable to bear the yoke, hence this enactment.
245 Or “slit.”
246 Lit.: “shall invoke the spirit of God.”
247 As the dog his first bite, so the bull was allowed his first toss free.
248 Or “failing,” “defect.”
249 Or “weakened,” “starved.”
250 Lit.: “given.”
251 Lit.: “it is good to his heart.”
252 Lit.: “the fate,” i.e., divine decree concerning them.
253 Lit.: “of.”
254 The character used is the same as that for grain (wheat, etc.), but the weight is unknown.
255 Winckler: “potter.”
256 Lit.: “man of linen.” Scheil, Winckler, and Johns translate “tailor.”
257 A part only of the word is preserved.
258 Lit.: “he has had a claim.”
259 Lit.: “shall answer the claim.”
260 Lit.: “he shall make their freedom without silver.” This law seems to indicate that neither owner was regarded as having a right to them.
261 Lit.: “silver.”
262 The people.
263 The Ninevite duplicate has a different reading.
264 Probably = “north and south,” or “in mountain and valley.”
265 Winckler: “put an end to battles.”
266 Lit.: “proclaimed.”
267 Apparently meaning the head of the stone bearing this inscription.
268 The Nineveh duplicate has: “by the command of Šamaš and Hadad, judges of justice, deciders of decisions, may justice have power.”
269 Lit.: “a word.”
270 Lit.: “good flesh.”
271 Lit.: “thoughts.”
272 Lit.: “the going forth.”
273 Lit.: “his dark of head.”
274 Scheil: “given rectitude.”
275 The future king.
276 Lit.: “cause another to take (this responsibility).”
277 Lit.: “whose name has been proclaimed.”
278 I.e., his throne.
279 Lit.: “honourable.”
280 Lit.: “go before.”
281 Lit.: “ear.”
282 Or “oblivion.”
283 Or “visions.”
284 Lit.: “spirits” (utukke). Perhaps the “soul” and “spirit” are meant, the plural being indicated by writing the character twice, though nothing certain can be deduced from this.
285 Scheil and Winckler: “sickle” (= crescent), but this seems to be a different word.
286 Scheil: “is in conflict.”
287 Mounds of an inundation, such as the great Flood was supposed to have produced.
288 Probably repeated by an error of the stone-cutter.
289 The Nineveh duplicate has: “whose battle has no equal.”
290 Or “bind.”
291 Or “strength,” apparently meaning the imperfectness of that quality.
292 Generally referred to under the fuller form Anunnaki.
293 Or “temple,” either that of Merodach at Babylon, or Ê-babbara.
294 The temple of the Sun at Sippar or at Larsa—probably the former.
295 In Ex. xxi. 8 it is presumed that the master of the girl betrothed her to himself, as in the case of Šamaš-nûri (p. 185), who, however, could be sold as a slave if she denied her mistress.
296 The old Sumerian law referring to injuries to slaves (p. 191) inflicts a fine on the hirer, not on the owner.
297 Isaiah xlv. 20: “They have no knowledge that carry the wood of their graven images.” R. V.
298 Num. vi. 26: “The Lord lift up his countenance upon thee,” equivalent to “to raise the eyes” in Assyro-Babylonian.
299 Lit.: “shall not bring his hand to the sick.”
300 Lit.: “the raising of his hands.”
301 This form is due to a false etymology, but it is used by Delitzsch as a very convenient compound word.
302 The word may also be translated “inhabiting,” but this does not seem to be so good.
303 Lit.: “ill.”
304 For parallels to the Babylonian legend of Tiamtu in the Talmud and Midrash, see S. Daiches in the Zeitschrift für Assyriologie, xvii. (1903), pp. 394-399.
305 Similar figures are shown on the slabs in the British Museum (Nimroud Gallery) standing before the sacred tree.
306 The Religious Ideas of the Babylonians, in the Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute, 1895.
307 P. 181.
308 P. 183, where the reading is Ibsina-ili.
309 P. 184.
310 For a list of these, see “Observations sur la Religion des Babyloniens 2000 ans avant Jésus-Christ,” by Th. G. Pinches, in the Revue de l’Histoire des Religions, 1901.
311 See Hugo Winckler, Die im Sommer 1906 in Kleinasien ausgeführten Ausgrabungen, Orientalische Literatur-Zeitung, Dec. 15, 1906; Vorläufige Nachrichten über die Ausgrabungen in Boghaz-Köi im Sommer 1907, Mitteilungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft, Dec. 1907 (No. 35).
312 See pp. 297, 298, where Cassites (Kâsi) are referred to. The Kassites east of Babylonia were the Cosssæans of the Greeks. (Cf. pp. 122, 140, 170.)
313 See pp. 275 ff.
314 See pp. 222 ff.
315 It will be noticed that the Hittite-Babylonian transcription is of considerable value for the pronunciation of Egyptian.
316 See p. 232.
317 Aramaic Papyri discovered at Assuan, edited by A. H. Sayce and A. E. Cowley. London, 1906.
318 Lit.: “they shall remove.”
319 Sachau suggests that this may be gentilic, and mean “the Lachite.”
320 Possibly “companions” (Sachau).
321 Variant: “the 7 great doors.”
322 QYMu, a word of doubtful meaning.
323 Or “bronze.”
324 Sachau suggests that this may be the name of Waidrang’s tribe—that of Caleb, or the like.
325 Possibly signs of dignity or wealth, made of some precious metal.
326 In the original Ostan âḫûhi zi ’Anani, a construction which reminds us of the Babylonian âbli-šu ša, “son of.” May we, therefore, read “Ostanes, brother of ’Anani?”
327 That is, the receivers of Bagohi’s benefits.
328 As such a reward would be much too small, Sachau suggests that the kinkar (? talent) was much below the value of an ordinary talent.
329 See page 539.
330 Chnub, the Greek Chnubis, Knuphis, or Kneph.
331 If this be the case, Waidareng is also a possible reading.
332 Sanballat in Nehemiah. The transcription here used is that of the Septuagint, but the vocalization is in both cases incorrect—it should be Sin-uballiṭ. This name, which is Babylonian, means “the moon-god has given life.” He is called a Horonite in Neh. ii. 10, 19.
333 Lit.: “going.”
334 See the Author’s Religion of Babylonia and Assyria (A. Constable & Co., 1906), pp. 43-44.
335 Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft, 1902, I.: Ein Altbabylonisches Fragment des Gilgamosepos, von Bruno Meissner. Berlin, Wolf Peiser Verlag.
336 Oriental Translation Fund, New Series, I. The Rauzat-us-Safa; or Garden of Purity, by Mirkhond. Translated by E. Rehatsek. Royal Asiatic Society, 1891.
337 The Babylonian Excavations and Early Bible History, by Prof. Kittel, translated by Edmund McClure, M.A., with a preface by Henry Wace, D.D. Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1903.
338 Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, vol. v., pl. 2, l. 40, and Cuneiform Texts from Babylonian Tablets, part xii., pl. 6. Cf. p. 144.
339 Probably illustrating the Sumerian Laws.
340 Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1897.
341 The Bronze Ornaments of the Palace Gates of Balawat, with an introduction by Walter de Gray Birch, and descriptions and translations by Theophilus G. Pinches. Published at the Offices of the Society of Biblical Archæology, Bloomsbury, W.C.
342 Or “images.”
343 Assyria.
344 See p. 207, upper part.
345 That is, Babylonia.
346 Collection de Clercq. Catalogue méthodique et raisonné, par M. de Clercq, avec la collaboration de M. J. Menant. Paris, Leroux, 1885, etc.