The Medallic History of the United States of America 1776-1876 (part 3 of 3)

The Medallic History of the United States of America 1776-1876 (part 3 of 3)

By the judicious disposition made of this brigade, under the immediate supervision of McPherson and Logan, a position was soon obtained giving us an advantage which soon drove the enemy from that part of the field, to make no further stand south of Bayou Pierre.

The enemy was here repulsed with a heavy loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners. The repulse of the enemy on our left took place late in the afternoon. He was pursued toward Port Gibson, but night closing in, and the enemy making the appearance of another stand, the troops slept upon their arms until daylight.

In the morning it was found that the enemy had retreated across Bayou Pierre, on the Grand Gulf road, and a brigade of Logan's division was sent to divert his attention whilst a floating bridge was being built across Bayou Pierre immediately at Port Gibson. This bridge was completed, eight miles marched by McPherson's corps to the north fork of Bayou Pierre, that stream bridged, and the advance of this corps commenced passing over it at 5 o'clock the following morning.

On the 3d the enemy was pursued to Hawkinson's Ferry, with (p. 381) slight skirmishing all day, during which we took quite a number of prisoners, mostly stragglers from the enemy.

Finding that Grand Gulf had been evacuated, and that the advance of my forces was already fifteen miles out from there, and on the road, too, they would have to take to reach either Vicksburg, Jackson, or any intermediate point on the railroad between the two places, I determined not to march them back, but taking a small escort of cavalry, some fifteen or twenty men, I went to the gulf myself, and made the necessary arrangements for changing my base of supplies from Bruinsburg to Grand Gulf.

In moving from Milliken's Bend, the fifteenth army corps, Major-General W. T. Sherman commanding, was left to be the last to start. To prevent heavy re-enforcements going from Vicksburg to the assistance of the Grand Gulf forces, I directed Sherman to make a demonstration on Haines's Bluff, and to make all the show possible. From the information since received from prisoners captured this ruse succeeded admirably.

It had been my intention, up to the time of crossing the Mississippi river, to collect all my forces at Grand Gulf, and get on hand a good supply of provisions and ordnance stores before moving, and in the meantime to detach an army corps to co-operate with General Banks on Port Hudson and effect a junction of our forces.

About this time I received a letter from General Banks giving his position west of the Mississippi river, and stating that he could return to Baton Rouge by the 10th of May; that by the reduction of Port Hudson he could join me with 12,000 men.

I learned about the same time that troops were expected at Jackson from the southern cities with General Beauregard in command. To delay until the 10th of May, and for the reduction of Port Hudson after that, the accession of 12,000 men would not leave me relatively so strong as to move promptly with what I had. Information received from day to day of the movements of the enemy also impelled me to the course pursued. Whilst lying at Hawkinson's Ferry waiting for wagons, supplies, and Sherman's corps, which had come forward in the mean time, demonstrations were made, successfully, I believe, to induce the enemy to think that route and the one by Hall's Ferry above were objects of much solicitude to me. Reconnoissances were made to the west side of the Big Black to within six miles of Warrenton. On the 7th of May an advance was ordered, McPherson's corps keeping the road nearest Black river to Rocky Springs, McClernand's corps keeping the Ridge road, with his corps divided on the two roads. All the ferries were closely guarded until our troops were well advanced. It was my intention here to hug the Black river as closely as possible, with McClernand's and Sherman's corps, and get them to the railroad, at some place between Edward's Station and Bolton. McPherson was to move by way of Utica to Raymond, and from there into Jackson, destroying the railroad, telegraph, and public stores, etc., and push west to rejoin the main force. Orders were given to McPherson accordingly. Sherman was moved forward on the Edward's Station road, crossing Fourteen Mile creek at Dillon's Plantation; McClernand was moved across the same creek, further west, sending one division of his corps by the Baldwin's Ferry road as far as the river. At the crossing of Fourteen Mile (p. 382) creek both McClernand and Sherman had considerable skirmishing with the enemy to get possession of the crossing.

McPherson met the enemy near Raymond, two brigades strong under Gregg and Walker, on the same day engaged him, and after several hours hard fighting, drove him with heavy loss in killed, wounded, and prisoners. Many threw down their arms and deserted.

My position at this time was with Sherman's corps, some seven miles west of Raymond, and about the centre of the army.

On the night of the 12th of May, after orders had been given for the corps of McClernand and Sherman to march toward the railroads by parallel roads, the former in the direction of Edward's Station and the latter to a point on the railroad between Edward's Station and Bolton, the order was changed and both were directed to move toward Raymond.

This was in consequence of the enemy having retreated toward Jackson after his defeat at Raymond, and of information that re-enforcements were daily arriving at Jackson, and that General Joe Johnston was hourly expected there to take command in person. I therefore determined to make sure of that place and leave no enemy in my rear.

McPherson moved on the 13th to Clinton, destroyed the railroad and telegraph, and captured some important despatches from General Pemberton to General Gregg, who had commanded the day before in the battle of Raymond. Sherman moved to a parallel position on the Mississippi Springs and Jackson road; McClernand moved to a point near Raymond.

The next day Sherman and McPherson moved their entire forces toward Jackson. The rain fell in torrents all the night before, and continued until about noon of that day making the roads at first slippery and then miry, notwithstanding, the troops marched in excellent order without straggling and in the best of spirits about fourteen miles, and engaged the enemy about 12 o'clock, M., near Jackson. McClernand occupied Clinton with one division, Mississippi Springs with another, Raymond with a third, and had his fourth division and Blair's division of Sherman's corps with a wagon train still in the rear near New Auburn, while McArthur with one brigade of his division of McPherson's corps was moving toward Raymond on the Utica road. It was not the intention to move these forces any nearer Jackson, but to have them in a position where they would be in supporting distance if the resistance at Jackson should prove more obstinate than there seemed reason to expect.

The enemy marched out the bulk of his force on the Clinton road and engaged McPherson's corps about two and a half miles from the city. A small force of artillery and infantry took a strong position in front of Sherman, about the same distance out. By a determined advance of our skirmishers these latter were soon driven within their rifle-pits just outside the city. It was impossible to ascertain the strength of the enemy at this part of the line in time to justify an immediate assault; consequently McPherson's two divisions engaged the main bulk of the rebel garrison at Jackson, without further aid than the moral support given them by the knowledge the enemy had a force to the south side of the city and the few infantry and artillery of the enemy posted there to impede Sherman's progress. Sherman soon discovered the weakness of the enemy by sending a (p. 383) reconnoitering party to his right, which also had the effect of causing the enemy to retreat from this part of his line. A few of the artillerists, however, remained in their places, firing upon Sherman's troops, until the last moment, evidently instructed to do so, with the expectation of being captured in the end. On entering the city it was found that the main body of the enemy had retreated north, after a heavy engagement of more than two hours with McPherson's corps, in which he was badly beaten. He was pursued until near night, but without further damage to him.

During that evening I learned that General Johnston, as soon as he satisfied himself that Jackson was to be attacked, had ordered Pemberton peremptorily to march out from the direction of Vicksburg and attack our rear. Availing myself of this information, I immediately issued orders to McClernand and Blair, of Sherman's corps, to face their troops towards Bolton, with a view of reaching Edward's Station, marching on different roads converging near Bolton. These troops were admirably located for such a move. McPherson was ordered to retrace his steps early in the morning of the 15th on the Clinton road. Sherman was left in Jackson to destroy the railroads, bridges, factories, workshops, arsenals, and everything valuable for the support of the enemy. This was accomplished in the most effectual manner.

On the afternoon of the 15th I proceeded as far west as Clinton, through which place McPherson's corps passed to within supporting distance of Hovey's division of McClernand's corps, which had moved that day on the same road to within one and a half mile of Bolton. On reaching Clinton, at 4.45 P.M., I ordered McClernand to move his command early the next morning toward Edward's Station, marching so as to feel the enemy, if he encountered him, but not to bring on a general engagement unless he was confident he was able to defeat him; and also to order Blair to move with him.

About five o'clock on the morning of the 16th, two men, employees on the Jackson and Vicksburg railroad, who had passed through Pemberton's army the night before, were brought to my headquarters. They stated Pemberton's force to consist of about eighty regiments, with ten batteries of artillery, and that the whole force was estimated by the enemy at about twenty-five thousand men. From them I also learned the positions being taken up by the enemy, and his intention of attacking our rear. I had determined to leave one division of Sherman's corps one day longer in Jackson, but this information determined me to bring his entire command up at once, and I accordingly dispatched him at 5.30 A.M. to move with all possible speed until he came up with the main force near Bolton. My despatch reached him at 7.10 A.M., and his advance division was in motion in one hour from that time. A despatch was sent to Blair at the same time, to push forward his division in the direction of Edward's Station with all possible dispatch. McClernand was directed to establish communication between Blair and Osterhaus, of his corps, and keep it up, moving the former to the support of the latter. McPherson was ordered forward at 5.45 A.M. to join McClernand, and Lieutenant-Colonel Wilson, of my staff, was sent forward to communicate the information received, and with verbal instructions to McClernand as to the disposition of his forces. At an early hour I left for the advance, and on arriving at the crossing of the Vicksburg and Jackson railroad with the road (p. 384) from Raymond to Bolton, I found McPherson's advance and his pioneer corps engaged in rebuilding a bridge on the former road that had been destroyed by the cavalry of Osterhaus's division that had gone into Bolton the night before. The train of Hovey's division was at a halt, and blocked up the road from further advance on the Vicksburg road. I ordered all quartermasters and wagonmasters to draw their teams to one side and make room for the passage of troops. McPherson was brought up by this road. Passing to the front, I found Hovey's division of the thirteenth army corps at a halt, with our skirmishers and the enemy's pickets near each other. Hovey was bringing his troops into line, ready for battle, and could have brought on an engagement at any moment. The enemy had taken up a very strong position on a narrow ridge, his left resting on a height where the road makes a sharp turn to the left approaching Vicksburg. The top of the ridge and the precipitous hill-side to the left of the road are covered by a dense forest and undergrowth. To the right of the road the timber extends a short distance down the hill, and then opens into cultivated fields on a gentle slope and into a valley extending for a considerable distance. On the road and into the wooded ravine and hill-side Hovey's division was disposed for the attack. McPherson's two divisions, all of his corps with him on the march from Milliken's Bend (until Ransom's brigade arrived that day after the battle), were thrown to the right of the road properly speaking, the enemy's rear. But I would not permit an attack to be commenced by our troops until I could hear from McClernand, who was advancing with four divisions, two of them on a road intersecting the Jackson road about one mile from where the troops above described were placed, and about the centre of the enemy's line; the other two divisions on a road still north and nearly the same distance off.

I soon heard from McClernand, through members of his staff and my own, whom I had sent to him early in the morning, and found that by the nearest practicable route of communication he was two and a half miles distant. I sent several successive messages to him to push forward with all rapidity. There had been continuous firing between Hovey's skirmishers and the rebel advance, which by 11 o'clock grew into a battle. For some time this division bore the brunt of the conflict, but finding the enemy too strong for them, at the instance of Hovey I directed first one and then a second brigade from Crocker's division to re-enforce him. All this time Logan's division was working upon the enemy's left and rear and weakened his front attack most wonderfully. The troops here opposing us evidently far outnumbered ours. Expecting McClernand momentarily with four divisions, including Blair's, I never felt a doubt at the result. He did not arrive, however, until the enemy had been driven from the field, after a terrible contest of hours, with a heavy loss of killed, wounded and prisoners, and a number of pieces of artillery. It was found afterward that the Vicksburg road, after following the ridge in a southerly direction for about one mile and to where it intersected one of the Raymond roads, turns almost to the west, down the hill and across the valley in which Logan was operating on the rear of the enemy. One brigade of Logan's division had, unconscious of this important fact, penetrated nearly to this road and compelled the enemy to retreat to prevent capture. As it was, much of his artillery and Loring's division of his army was cut off, besides the prisoners captured. On the call of Hovey for more re-enforcements, just before the rout of the enemy (p. 385) commenced, I ordered McPherson to move what troops he could by a left flank around to the enemy's front. Logan rode up at this time and told me that if Hovey could make another dash at the enemy he could come up from where he then was and capture the greater part of their force. I immediately rode forward and found the troops that had been so gallantly engaged for so many hours withdrawn from their advanced position and were filling their cartridge boxes. I directed them to use all dispatch and push forward as soon as possible, explaining to them the position of Logan's division. Proceeding still further forward, expecting every moment to see the enemy, and reaching what had been his line, I found he was retreating. Arriving at the Raymond road, I saw to my left and on the next ridge a column of troops which proved to be Can's division and McClernand with it in person; and to the left of Carr, Osterhaus's division soon afterward appeared with his skirmishers well in advance. I sent word to Osterhaus that the enemy was in full retreat, and to push up with all haste. The situation was soon explained, after which I ordered Carr to pursue with all speed to Black river, and across it if he could, and to Osterhaus to follow. Some of McPherson's troops had already got into the road in advance, but having marched and engaged the enemy all day they were fatigued, and gave the road to Carr who continued the pursuit until after dark, capturing a train of cars loaded with commissary and ordnance stores and other property.

The delay in the advance of the troops immediately with McClernand was caused, no doubt, by the enemy presenting a front of artillery and infantry where it was impossible, from the nature of the ground and the density of the forest, to discover his numbers. As it was, the battle of Champion's Hill or Baker's Creek was fought mainly by Hovey's division of McClernand's corps and Logan's and Quinby's divisions (the latter commanded by Brigadier-General M. M. Crocker) of McPherson's corps.

Ransom's brigade, of McPherson's corps, came on to the field where the main battle had been fought immediately after the enemy had begun his retreat.

Word was sent to Sherman, at Bolton, of the result of the day's engagement, with directions to turn his corps toward Bridgeport, and to Blair to join him at this latter place.

At daylight, on the 17th, the pursuit was renewed with McClernand's corps in the advance. The enemy was found strongly posted on both sides of the Black river. At this point, on Black river, the bluffs extended to the water's edge on the west bank. On the east side is an open, cultivated bottom of near one mile in width, surrounded by a bayou of stagnant water, from two to three feet in depth, and from ten to twenty feet in width, from the river above the railroad to the river below. Following the inside line of this bayou the enemy had constructed rifle-pits, with the bayou to serve as a ditch on the outside and immediately in front of them. Carr's division occupied the right in investing this place, and Lawless brigade the right of his division. After a few hours skirmishing Lawler discovered that by moving a portion of his brigade under cover of the river bank he could get a position from which that place could be successfully assaulted, and ordered a charge accordingly. Notwithstanding the level ground over which a portion of his troops had to pass without cover, and the great obstacle of the ditch in front of the enemy's works, the charge was gallantly and successfully (p. 386) made, and in a few minutes the entire garrison with seventeen pieces of artillery were the trophies of this brilliant and daring movement. The enemy on the west bank of the river immediately set fire to the railroad bridge and retreated, thus cutting off all chance of escape for any portion of his forces remaining on the east bank.

Sherman, by this time, had reached Bridgeport, on the Black river above. The only pontoon train with the expedition was with him. By the morning of the 18th he had crossed the river, and was ready to march on Walnut Hills. McClernand and McPherson built floating bridges during the night, and had them ready for crossing their commands by 8 A.M. of the 18th.

The march was commenced by Sherman at an early hour by the Bridgeport and Vicksburg road, turning to the right when within three and a half miles of Vicksburg to get possession of Walnut Hills and the Yazoo river. This was successfully accomplished before the night of the 18th. McPherson crossed Black river above the Jackson road, and came into the same road with Sherman, but to his rear. He arrived after nightfall with his advance to where Sherman turned to the right. McClernand moved by the Jackson and Vicksburg road to Mount Albans, and there turned to the left to get into Baldwin's Ferry road. By this disposition the three army corps covered all the ground their strength would admit of, and by the morning of the 19th the investment of Vicksburg was made as complete as could be by the forces at my command.

During the day there was continuous skirmishing, and I was not without hope of carrying the enemy's works. Relying upon the demoralization of the enemy in consequence of repeated defeats outside of Vicksburg, I ordered a general assault at 2 P.M. on this day.

The fifteenth army corps, from having arrived in front of the enemy's works in time on the 18th to get a good position, were enabled to make a vigorous assault. The thirteenth and seventeenth corps succeeded no further than to gain advanced positions, covered from the fire of the enemy. The 20th and 21st were spent in perfecting communications with our supplies. Most of the troops had been marching and fighting battles for twenty days, on an average of about five days' rations, drawn from the commissary department. Though they had not suffered from short rations up to this time, the want of bread to accompany the other rations was beginning to be much felt. On the 21st my arrangements for drawing supplies of every description being complete, I determined to make another effort to carry Vicksburg by assault. There were many reasons to determine me to adopt this course. I believed an assault from the position gained by this time could be made successfully. It was known that Johnston was at Canton with the force taken by him from Jackson, re-enforced by other troops from the east, and that more were daily reaching him. With the force I had, a short time must have enabled him to attack me in the rear, and possibly succeeded in raising the siege. Possession of Vicksburg at that time would have enabled me to have turned upon Johnston and driven him from the State, and possess myself of all the railroads and practical military highways, thus effectually securing to ourselves all territory west of the Tombigbee, and this before the season was too far advanced for campaigning in this latitude. I would have saved (p. 387) government sending large re-enforcements much needed elsewhere; and finally, the troops themselves were impatient to possess Vicksburg, and would not have worked in the trenches with the same zeal, believing it unnecessary, that they did after the failure to carry the enemy's works. Accordingly on the 21st orders were issued for a general assault on the whole line, to commence at 11 A.M. on the 22d. All the corps commanders set their time by mine, that there should be no difference between them in movement of assault. Promptly at the hour designated, the three army corps then in front of the enemy's works commenced the assault. I had taken a commanding position near McPherson's front, and from which I could see all the advancing columns from his corps, and a part of each of Sherman's and McClernand's. A portion of the commands of each succeeded in planting their flags on the outer slopes of the enemy's bastions and maintained them there until night. Each corps had many more men than could possibly be used in the assault, over such ground as intervened between them and the enemy. More men could only avail in case of breaking through the enemy's line or in repelling a sortie. The assault was gallant in the extreme on the part of all the troops, but the enemy's position was too strong, both naturally and artificially, to be taken in that way. At every point assaulted, and at all of them at the same time, the enemy was able to show all the force his works could cover. The assault failed, I regret to say, with much loss on our side in killed and wounded, but without weakening the confidence of the troops in their ability to ultimately succeed.

No troops succeeded in entering any of the enemy's works with the exception of Sergeant Griffith, of the 21st regiment Iowa volunteers, and some eleven privates of the same regiment. Of these none returned except the sergeant and possibly one man. The work entered by him, from its position, could give us no practical advantage, unless others to the right and left of it were carried and held at the same time.

About 12 M., I received a despatch from McClernand that he was hard pressed at several points, in reply to which I directed him to re-enforce the points hard pressed from such troops as he had that were not engaged. I then rode round to Sherman, and had just reached there, when I received a second despatch from McClernand stating positively and unequivocally that he was in possession of and still held two of the enemy's forts; that the American flag was then waved over them, and asking me to have Sherman and McPherson make a diversion in his favor. This despatch I showed to Sherman, who immediately ordered a renewal of the assault on his front. I also sent a messenger to McClernand, directing him to order up McArthur to his assistance, and started immediately to the position I had just left on McPherson's line to convey to him the information from McClernand by this last despatch, that he might make the diversion requested. Before reaching McPherson I met a messenger with a third despatch from McClernand, of which the following is a copy:

Headquarters 13th Army Corps, To In the Field near Vicksburg, Mississippi, MAJOR-GENERAL U. S. GRANT. May 22d, 1863.

General: We have gained the enemy's intrenchments at several points, but are brought to a stand. I have sent word to McArthur to re-enforce me if he can. Would it not be best to (p. 388) concentrate the whole or part of his command on this point?

John A. MCCLERNAND, Major-General commanding.

P.S. I have received your despatch, my troops are all engaged, and I cannot withdraw any to re-enforce others.

MCCLERNAND.

The position occupied by me during most of the time of the assault gave me a better opportunity of seeing what was going on in front of the thirteenth army corps than I believed it possible for the commander of it to have. I could not see his possession of forts, nor necessity for re-enforcements, as represented in his despatches, up to the time I left it, which was between 12 M. and 1 P.M., and I expressed doubts of their correctness, which doubts the facts subsequently, but too late, confirmed. At the time I could not disregard his reiterated statements, for they might possibly be true; and that no possible opportunity of carrying the enemy's stronghold should be allowed to escape through fault of mine, I ordered Quinby's division, which was all of McPherson's corps then present, but four brigades, to report to McClernand, and notified him of the order. I showed his despatches to McPherson, as I had to Sherman, to satisfy him of the necessity of an active diversion on their part to hold as much force in their fronts as possible. The diversion was promptly and vigorously made and resulted in the increase of our mortality list full fifty per cent., without advancing our position or giving us other advantages.

About 3.50 P.M., I received McClernand's fourth despatch, as follows:

To Headquarters 13th Army Corps, MAJOR-GENERAL U. S. GRANT, May 22, 1863. Department of the Tennessee.

General: I have received your despatch in regard to General Quinby's division and General McArthur's division. As soon as they arrive I will press the enemy with all possible speed, and doubt not I will force my way through. I have lost no ground. My men are in two of the enemy's forts, but they are commanded by rifle pits in the rear. Several prisoners have been taken who intimate that the rear is strong. At this moment I am hard pressed.

John A. MCCLERNAND, Major-General commanding.

The assault of this day proved the quality of the soldiers of this army. Without entire success, and with a heavy loss, there was no murmuring or complaining, no falling back, nor other evidence of demoralization.

After the failure of the 22d, I determined upon a regular siege. The troops now being fully awake to the necessity of this worked diligently and cheerfully. The work progressed rapidly and satisfactorily until the 3d of July, when all was about ready for a final assault.

There was a great scarcity of Engineer officers in the beginning, but under the skillful superintendence of Captain F. E. Prime, of the Engineer corps, Lieutenant-Colonel Wilson, of my staff, (p. 389) and Captain C. B. Comstock, of the Engineer corps, who joined this command during the siege, such practical experience was gained as would enable any division of this army hereafter to conduct a siege with considerable skill in the absence of regular Engineer officers.

On the afternoon of the 3d of July a letter was received from Lieutenant-General Pemberton, commanding the Confederate forces at Vicksburg, proposing an armistice and the appointment of commissioners to arrange terms for the capitulation of the place. The correspondence, copies of which are herewith transmitted, resulted in the surrender of the city and garrison of Vicksburg at 10 o'clock A.M., July 4, 1863, on the following terms: The entire garrison, officers and men, were to be paroled, not to take up arms against the United States until exchanged by the proper authorities; officers and men each to be furnished with a parole, signed by himself; officers to be allowed then side arms and private baggage, and the field, staff and cavalry officers one horse each; the rank and file to be allowed all their clothing, but no other property; rations from their own stores sufficient to last them beyond our lines; the necessary cooking utensils for preparing their food; and thirty wagons to transport such articles as could not well be carried. These terms I regarded more favorable to the government than an unconditional surrender. It saved us the transportation of them north, which at that time would have been very difficult, owing to the limited amount of river transportation on hand, and the expenses of subsisting them. It left our army free to operate against Johnston, who was threatening us from the direction of Jackson, and our river transportation to be used for the movement of troops to any point the exigency of the service might require.

I deem it proper to state here, in order that the correspondence may be fully understood, that after my answer to General Pemberton's letter of the morning of the 3d, we had a personal interview on the subject of the capitulation.

The particulars and incidents of the siege will be contained in the reports of division and corps commanders, which will be forwarded as soon as received.

I brought forward during the siege, in addition to Lauman's division and four regiments previously ordered from Memphis, Smith's and Kimball's divisions of the sixteenth army corps, and assigned Major-General C. C. Washburne to command of same. On the 11th of June, Major-General F. J. Herron's division from the Department of the Missouri arrived; and on the 14th two divisions of the ninth army corps, Major-General J. G. Parke commanding, arrived. This increase in my force enabled me to make the investment most complete, and at the same time left me a large reserve to watch the movements of Johnston. Herron's division was put into position on the extreme south of the city, and Lauman's division was placed between Herron and McClernand. Smith's and Kimball's divisions and Parke's corps were sent to Haines's Bluff. This place I had fortified to the land side and every preparation made to resist a heavy force. Johnston crossed Big Black river with a portion of his force, and everything indicated that he would make an attack about the 25th of June. Our position in front of Vicksburg having been made as strong against a sortie from the enemy as his works were against an assault, I placed Major-General Sherman in command of all the troops designated to look after Johnston. The force intended to operate against Johnston, in addition to that at Haines's Bluff, was one division from each of the thirteenth, fifteenth, and (p. 390) seventeenth army corps and Lauman's division. Johnston, however, not attacking, I determined to attack him the moment Vicksburg was in our possession, and accordingly notified Sherman that I should again make an assault on Vicksburg at daylight on the 6th, and for him to have up supplies of all descriptions ready to move upon receipt of orders if the assault should prove a success. His preparations were immediately made, and when the place surrendered on the 4th two days earlier than I fixed for the attack, Sherman was found ready, and moved at once with a force increased by the remainder of both the thirteenth and fifteenth army corps, and is at present investing Jackson where Johnston has made a stand.

In the march from Bruinsburg to Vicksburg, covering a period of twenty days, before supplies could be obtained from government stores, only five days' rations were issued, and three days' of these were taken in haversacks at the start, and were soon exhausted. All other subsistence was obtained from the country through which we passed. The march was commenced without wagons, except such as could be picked up through the country. The country was abundantly supplied with corn, bacon, beef and mutton. The troops enjoyed excellent health, and no army ever appeared in better spirits or felt more confident of success.

In accordance with previous instructions, Major-General S. A. Hurlbut started Colonel (now Brigadier-General) B. H. Grierson with a cavalry force from La Grange, Tennessee, to make a raid through the central portion of the State of Mississippi to destroy railroads and other public property, for the purpose of creating a diversion in favor of the army moving to the attack on Vicksburg. On the 17th of April this expedition started, and arrived at Baton Rouge on the 2d of May, having successfully traversed the whole State of Mississippi. This expedition was skillfully conducted and reflects great credit on Colonel Grierson and all of his command. The notice given the raid by the Southern press confirms our estimate of its importance. It has been one of the most brilliant cavalry exploits of the war, and will be handed down in history as an example to be imitated. Colonel Grierson's report is herewith transmitted.

I cannot close this report without an expression of thankfulness for my good fortune in being placed in co-operation with an officer of the navy who accords to every move that seems for the interest and success of our arms his hearty and energetic support. Admiral Porter and the very efficient officers under him have ever shown the greatest readiness in their co-operation, no matter what was to be done or what risk to be taken, either by their men or their vessels. Without this prompt and cordial support my movements would have been much embarrassed, if not wholly defeated.

Captain J. U. Shirk, commanding the Tuscumbia, was especially active and deserving of the highest commendation for his personal attention to the repairing of the damage done our transports by the Vicksburg batteries.

The result of this campaign has been the defeat of the enemy in five battles outside of Vicksburg; the occupation of Jackson, the capital of the State of Mississippi, and the capture of Vicksburg and its garrison and munitions of war; a loss to the enemy of thirty-seven thousand (37,000) prisoners, among whom were fifteen general officers; at least ten thousand men killed and (p. 391) wounded, and among the killed Generals Tracy, Tilghman and Green, and hundreds and perhaps thousands of stragglers, who can never be collected and reorganized. Arms and munitions of war for an army of sixty thousand men have fallen into our hands, besides a large amount of other public property, consisting of railroads, locomotives, cars, steamboats, cotton, &c., and much was destroyed to prevent our capturing it.

Our loss in the series of battles may be summed up as follows:

Killed. Wounded. Missing.

Port Gibson 130 718 5 Fourteen Mile creek (skirmish) 4 24 -- Raymond 69 341 32 Jackson 40 240 6 Champion's Hill 426 1842 189 Big Black railroad bridge 29 242 2 Vicksburg 545 3688 303

Of the wounded many were but slightly wounded, and continued on duty; many more required but a few days or weeks for their recovery. Not more than one-half of the wounded were permanently disabled.

My personal staff and chiefs of departments have in all cases rendered prompt and efficient service.

In all former reports I have failed to make mention of company A, 4th regiment Illinois cavalry volunteers, Captain S. D. Osband commanding. This company has been on duty with me as an escort company since November, 1861, and in every engagement I have been in since that time rendered valuable service, attracting general attention for their exemplary conduct, soldierly bearings and promptness. It would not be overstating the merits of this company to say that many of them would fill with credit any position in a cavalry regiment.

For the brilliant achievements recounted in this report, the Army of the Tennessee, their comrades of the Ninth Army corps, Herron's division of the Army of the Frontier, and the navy co-operating with them, deserve the highest honors their country can award.

I have the honor to be, Colonel, very respectfully your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Major-General United States Army, commanding.

_____

General Pemberton to General Grant.

To Headquarters, Vicksburg, MAJOR-GENERAL U. S. GRANT, July 3, 1863. Commanding United States Forces before Vicksburg.

General: I have the honor to propose to you an armistice for--hours, with a view of arranging terms for the capitulation of Vicksburg. To this end, if agreeable to you, I will (p. 392) appoint three commissioners to meet a like number to be named by yourself at such place and hour to-day as you may find convenient.

I make this proposition to save the further effusion of blood, which must otherwise be shed to a frightful extent, feeling myself fully able to maintain my position for a yet indefinite period.

This communication will be handed you under flag of truce by Major-General J. S. Bowen.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. C. PEMBERTON, Lieutenant-General.

_____

General Grant to General Pemberton.

Headquarters, Department of the Tennessee, To In the Field, near Vicksburg, Mississippi, July 3, 1863. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL J. C. PEMBERTON, Commanding Confederate Forces, Vicksburg, Mississippi.

General: Your note of this date is just received, proposing an armistice for several hours for the purpose of arranging terms of capitulation through commissioners to be appointed, etc.

The useless effusion of blood you propose stopping by this course can be ended at any time you may choose by an unconditional surrender of the city and garrison. Men who have shown so much endurance and courage as those now in Vicksburg will always challenge the respect of all adversaries, and I can assure you will be treated with all respect due to prisoners of war.

I do not favor the proposition of appointing commissioners to arrange terms of capitulation, because I have no terms other than those indicated above.

I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Major-General.

_____

General Grant to General Pemberton.

Headquarters, Department of the Tennessee, To Near Vicksburg, Mississippi, July 3, 1863. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL J. C. PEMBERTON, Commanding Confederate Forces, Vicksburg, Mississippi.

General: In conformity with agreement of this afternoon, I will submit the following proposition for the surrender of the city of Vicksburg, public stores, etc. On your accepting the terms proposed, I will march one division as a guard and take possession at 8 A.M. to-morrow. As soon as rolls can be made out and paroles signed by officers and men, you will be allowed to march out of our lines, the officers taking with them their side-arms and clothing, and the field, staff, and cavalry officers one horse each. The rank and file will be allowed (p. 393) all their clothing, but no other property. If these conditions are accepted, any amount of rations you may deem necessary can be taken from the stores you now have, and also the necessary cooking utensils for preparing them. Thirty wagons, also, counting two horse or mule teams as one, will be allowed to transport such articles as cannot be carried along.

The same conditions will be allowed to all sick and wounded officers and soldiers as fast as they become able to travel.

The paroles for these latter must be signed, however, whilst officers are present authorized to sign the roll of prisoners.

I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Major-General.

_____

General Pemberton to General Grant.

To Headquarters, Vicksburg, MAJOR-GENERAL U. S. GRANT, July 3, 1863. Commanding United States Forces before Vicksburg.

General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of this date, proposing terms of capitulation for this garrison and post.

In the main your terms are accepted; but in justice both to the honor and spirit of my troops manifested in the defence of Vicksburg, I have to submit the following amendments, which, if acceded to by you, will perfect the agreement between us.

At 10 o'clock, A.M., to-morrow, I propose to evacuate the works in and around Vicksburg, and to surrender the city and garrison under my command, by marching out with my colors and arms, stacking them in front of my present lines, after which you will take possession.

Officers to retain their side-arms and personal property, and the rights and property of citizens to be respected.

I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. C. PEMBERTON, Lieutenant-General.

_____

General Grant to General Pemberton.

Headquarters, Department of the Tennessee, To Before Vicksburg, July 4, 1863. LIEUTENANT-GENERAL J. C. PEMBERTON, Commanding Confederate Forces, Vicksburg, Mississippi.

General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of 3d July. The amendment proposed by you cannot be acceded to in full. It will be necessary to furnish every (p. 394) officer and man with a parole signed by himself, which with the completion of the roll of prisoners, will necessarily take some time. Again I can make no stipulations with regard to the treatment of citizens and their private property. While I do not propose to cause them any undue annoyance or loss, I cannot consent to leave myself under any restraint by stipulations. The property which officers will be allowed to take with them will be as stated in my proposition of last evening; that is, officers will be allowed their private baggage and side arms, and mounted officers one horse each.

If you mean by your proposition for each brigade to march to the front of the lines now occupied by it, and stack arms at 10 A.M., and then return to the inside and there remain as prisoners until properly paroled, I will make no objection to it.

Should no notification be received of your acceptance of my terms by 9 o'clock A.M., I shall regard them as having been rejected, and shall act accordingly.

Should these terms be accepted, white flags should be displayed along your lines to prevent such of my troops as may not have been notified from firing upon your men.

I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Major-General.

_____

General Pemberton to General Grant.

To Headquarter, Vicksburg, MAJOR-GENERAL U. S. GRANT, July 4, 1863. Commanding United States Forces before Vicksburg.

General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of this day, and in reply to say that the terms proposed by you are accepted.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant, J. C. PEMBERTON, Lieutenant-General.

_____

General Grant to the Assistant Adjutant-General.

Headquarters, Military Division of the Mississippi, To In the Field, Chattanooga, Tennessee, COLONEL J. C. KELTON, December 23d, 1863. Assistant Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C.

Colonel: In pursuance of General Orders, No. 337, War Department, of date Washington, October 16th, 1863, delivered to me by the Secretary of War, at Louisville, Kentucky, on the 18th of the same month, I assumed command of the "Military Division of the Mississippi," comprising the Departments of the Ohio, the Cumberland, and the Tennessee, and telegraphed the order (p. 395) assuming command, together with the order of the War Department, referred to, to Major-General A. E. Burnside, at Knoxville, and to Major-General W. S. Rosecrans, at Chattanooga. My action in telegraphing these orders to Chattanooga in advance of my arrival there, was induced by information furnished me by the Secretary of War, of the difficulties with which the Army of the Cumberland had to contend in supplying itself over a long, mountainous, and almost impassable road from Stevenson, Alabama, to Chattanooga, Tennessee, and his fears that General Rosecrans would fall back to the north side of the Tennessee river. To guard further against the possibility of the Secretary's fears, I also telegraphed to Major-General Thomas on the 19th of October, from Louisville, to hold Chattanooga at all hazards; that I would be there as soon as possible. To which he replied, on same date, "I will hold the town till we starve."

Proceeding directly to Chattanooga, I arrived there on the 23d of October, and found that General Thomas had immediately, on being placed in command of the Department of the Cumberland, ordered the concentration of Major-General Hooker's command at Bridgeport preparatory to securing the river and main wagon road between that place and Brown's Ferry, immediately below Lookout Mountain. The next morning after my arrival at Chattanooga, in company with Thomas and Brigadier-General W. F. Smith, Chief Engineer, I made a reconnoissance of Brown's Ferry and the hills on the south side of the river, and at the mouth of Lookout Valley. After the reconnoissance, the plan agreed upon was for Hooker to cross at Bridgeport to the south side of the river with all the force that could be spared from the railroad, and move on the main wagon road by way of Whitesides to Wauhatchie, in Lookout Valley. Major-General J. M. Palmer was to proceed by the only practicable route north of the river from his position opposite Chattanooga, to a point on the north bank of the Tennessee river, and opposite Whitesides, there to cross to the south side to hold the road passed over by Hooker. In the meantime and before the enemy could be apprised of our intentions, a force under the direction of Brigadier-General W. F. Smith, Chief Engineer, was to be thrown across the river at or near Brown's Ferry to seize the range of hills at the mouth of Lookout Valley, covering the Brown's Ferry road, and orders were given accordingly.

It was known that the enemy held the north end of Lookout Valley with a brigade of troops, and the road leading around the foot of the mountain from their main camps in Chattanooga Valley to Lookout Valley. Holding these advantages, he would have had little difficulty in concentrating a sufficient force to have defeated or driven Hooker back. To remedy this the seizure of the range of hills at the mouth of Lookout Valley and covering the Brown's Ferry road was deemed of the highest importance. This, by the use of pontoon bridges at Chattanooga and Brown's Ferry, would secure to us by the north bank of the river, across Moccasin Point, a shorter line by which to re-enforce our troops in Lookout Valley, than the narrow and tortuous road around the foot of Lookout Mountain afforded the enemy for re-enforcing his.

The force detailed for this expedition consisted of four thousand men, under command of General Smith, Chief Engineer, eighteen hundred of which under Brigadier-General W. B. Hagen, in sixty pontoon boats, containing thirty armed men each, floated (p. 396) quietly from Chattanooga past the enemy's pickets to the foot of Lookout Mountain on the night of the 27th of October, landed on the south side of the river at Brown's Ferry, surprised the enemy's pickets stationed there, and seized the hills covering the ferry, without the loss of a man killed and but four or five wounded. The remainder of the force, together with the material for a bridge, was moved by the north bank of the river across Moccasin Point to Brown's Ferry, without attracting the attention of the enemy, and before day dawned the whole force was ferried to the south bank of the river; 2nd the almost inaccessible heights rising from Lookout Valley, at its outlet to the river and below the mouth of Lookout creek were secured. By ten o'clock A.M. an excellent pontoon bridge was laid across the river at Brown's Ferry, thus securing to us the end of the desired road nearer the enemy's forces, and the shorter line over which to pass troops if a battle became inevitable. Positions were taken up by our troops from which they could not have been driven except by vastly superior forces, and then only with great loss of the enemy. Our artillery was placed in such position as to completely command the roads leading from the enemy's main camps in Chattanooga Valley to Lookout Valley.

On the 28th Hooker emerged into Lookout Valley at Wauhatchie by the direct road from Bridgeport by way of Whitesides to Chattanooga, with the 11th Army Corps, under Major-General Howard, and Geary's Division of the 12th Army Corps, and proceeded to take up positions for the defence of the road from Whitesides, over which he had marched, and also the road leading from Brown's Ferry to Kelly's Ferry, throwing the left of Howard's Corps forward to Brown's Ferry. The Division that started under command of Palmer for Whitesides, reached its destination, and took up the position intended in the original plan of this movement. Three movements so successfully executed, secured to us two comparatively good lines by which to obtain supplies from the terminus of the railroad at Bridgeport, namely, the main wagon road by way of Whitesides, Wauhatchie, and Brown's Ferry, distant but twenty-eight miles, and the Kelly's Ferry and Brown's Ferry road, which, by the use of the river from Bridgeport to Kelly's Ferry, reduced the distance for wagoning to but eight miles.

Up to this period our forces at Chattanooga were practically invested, the enemy's lines extending from the Tennessee river above Chattanooga to the river at and below the point of Lookout Mountain below Chattanooga, with the south bank of the river picketed to near Bridgeport, his main force being fortified in Chattanooga Valley, at the foot of and on Missionary Ridge and Lookout Mountain, and a brigade in Lookout Valley. True, we held possession of the country north of the river, but it was from sixty to seventy miles over the most impracticable of roads to any supplies. The artillery horses and mules had become so reduced by starvation that they could not have been relied on for moving anything. An attempt at retreat must have been with men alone, and with only such supplies as they could carry. A retreat would have been almost certain annihilation, for the enemy, occupying positions within gunshot of, and overlooking our very fortifications, would unquestionably have pursued our retreating forces. Already more than ten thousand animals had perished in supplying half rations to the troops by the long and tedious route from Stevenson and Bridgeport to Chattanooga, over (p. 397) Waldron's Ridge. They could not have been supplied another week.

The enemy was evidently fully apprised of our condition in Chattanooga, and of the necessity of our establishing a new and shorter line by which to obtain supplies, if we would maintain our position, and so fully was he impressed of the importance of keeping from us these lines, lost to him by surprise, and in a manner he little dreamed of, that in order to regain possession of them, a night attack was made by a portion of Longstreet's forces on a portion of Hooker's troops (Geary's Division of the 12th Corps) the first night after Hooker's arrival in the valley. This attack failed, however, and Howard's Corps, which was moving to the assistance of Geary, finding that it was not required by him, carried the remaining heights held by the enemy west of Lookout Creek. This gave us quiet possession of the line of communication heretofore described south of the Tennessee river.

Of these operations I cannot speak more particularly, the sub-reports having been sent to Washington without passing through my hands.

By the use of two steamboats, one of which had been left at Chattanooga by the enemy and fell into our hands, and one that had been built by us at Bridgeport, plying between Bridgeport and Kelly's Ferry, we were enabled to obtain supplies with but eight miles of wagoning. The capacity of the railroad and steamboats was not sufficient, however, to supply all the wants of the army, but actual suffering was prevented.

Ascertaining from scouts and deserters that Bragg was detaching Longstreet from the front and moving him in the direction of Knoxville, Tennessee, evidently to attack Burnside, and feeling strongly the necessity of some move that would compel him to retain all his forces and recall those he had detached, directions were given for a movement against Missionary Ridge with a view of carrying it, and threatening the enemy's communication with Longstreet, of which I informed Burnside by telegraph on the 7th of November. After a thorough reconnoissance of the ground, however, it was deemed utterly impracticable to make the move until Sherman could get up, because of the inadequacy of our force and the condition of the animals then at Chattanooga, and I was forced to leave Burnside, for the present, to contend against superior forces of the enemy until the arrival of Sherman with his men and means of transportation. In the meantime reconnoissances were made and plans matured for operations. Despatches were sent to Sherman, informing him of the movement of Longstreet and the necessity of his immediate presence at Chattanooga. On the 14th of November, I telegraphed to Burnside as follows:

"To "MAJOR-GENERAL A. E. BURNSIDE.

"Your despatch and Dana's just received. Being there, you can tell better how to resist Longstreet's attack than I can direct. With your showing you had better give up Kingston at the last moment, and save the most productive part of your possessions. Every arrangement is now made to throw Sherman's forces across the river just at and below the mouth of Chicamauga creek, as soon as it arrives. Thomas will attack on his left at the same time, and together it is expected to carry Missionary Ridge (p. 398) and from there push a force on to the railroad between Cleveland and Dalton. Hooker will at the same time attack and, if he can, carry Lookout Mountain, The enemy now seem to be looking for an attack on his left flank. This favors us. To further confirm this, Sherman's advance division will march direct from Whitesides to Trenton. The remainder of his force will pass over a new road just made from Whitesides to Kelly's Ferry, thus being concealed from the enemy, and leave him to suppose the whole force is going up Lookout Valley.

"Sherman's advance has only just reached Bridgeport. The rear will only reach there on the 16th. This will bring it to the 19th, as the earliest day for making the combined movement as desired.

"Inform me if you think you can sustain yourself until that time. I can hardly conceive of the enemy breaking through at Kingston and pushing for Kentucky. If they should, however, a new problem would be left for solution.

"Thomas has ordered a division of cavalry to the vicinity of Sparta. I will ascertain, if they have started and inform you. It will be entirely out of the question to send you ten thousand men, not because they cannot be spared, but how could they be fed after they got even one day east of here.

"U. S. GRANT, "Major-General."

On the 15th, having received from the General-in-Chief a despatch of date the 14th, in reference to Burnside's position, the danger of his abandonment of East Tennessee, unless immediate relief was afforded, and the terrible misfortune such a result would be to our arms; and also despatches from Mr. C. A. Dana, Assistant Secretary of War, and Colonel Wilson, of my Staff, sent at the instance of General Burnside, informing me more fully of the condition of affairs as detailed to them by him, I telegraphed him as follows:

"To Chattanooga, November 15th, 1863. "MAJOR-GENERAL A. E. BURNSIDE.

"I do not know how to impress on you the necessity of holding on to East Tennessee in strong enough terms. According to the despatches of Mr. Dana and Colonel Wilson, it would seem that you should, if pressed to do it, hold on to Knoxville and that portion of the valley which you will necessarily possess, holding to that point. Should Longstreet move his whole force across the Little Tennessee, an effort should be made to cut his pontoons on that stream, even if it sacrificed half the cavalry of the Ohio army. By holding on and placing Longstreet between the Little Tennessee and Knoxville, he should not be allowed to escape with an army capable of doing anything this winter. I can hardly conceive of the necessity of retreating from East Tennessee. If I did so at all, it would be after losing most of the army, and then necessity would suggest the route. I will not attempt to lay out a line of retreat. Kingston, looking at the map, I thought of more importance than any one point in East Tennessee. But my attention being called more closely to it, I can see that it might be passed by, and Knoxville and the rich valley about it possessed, ignoring that place entirely. I should not think it advisable to concentrate a force near the Little Tennessee; (p. 399) to resist the crossing of it would be in danger of capture, but I would harass and embarrass progress in every way possible, reflecting on the fact that the Army of the Ohio is not the only army to resist the onward progress of the enemy.

"U. S. GRANT, "Major-General."

Previous reconnoissances, made first by Brigadier-General W. F. Smith, Chief Engineer, and afterward by Thomas Sherman, and myself in company with him, of the country opposite Chattanooga and north of the Tennessee river, extending as far east as the mouth of the North Chicamauga, and also of the mouth of the South Chicamauga, and the north end of Missionary Ridge, so far as the same could be made from the north bank of the river, without exciting suspicions on the part of the enemy, showed good roads from Brown's Ferry up the river and back of the first range of hills opposite Chattanooga, and out of view of the enemy's positions. Troops crossing the bridge at Brown's Ferry could be seen and their numbers estimated by the enemy, but not seeing anything further of them as they passed up in rear of these hills, he would necessarily be at a loss to know whether they were moving to Knoxville or held on the north side of the river for further operations at Chattanooga. It also showed that the north end of Missionary Ridge was imperfectly guarded, and that the banks of the river from the mouth of South Chicamauga Creek, westward to his main line in front of Chattanooga, were watched only by a small cavalry picket. This determined the plan of operations indicated in my despatch of the 14th to Burnside.

Upon further consideration, the great object being to mass all the force possible against one given point, namely Missionary Ridge, converging toward the north end of it, it was deemed best to change the original plan, so far as it contemplated Hooker's attack on Lookout Mountain, which would give us Howard's Corps of his command to aid in this purpose, and on the 18th the following instructions were given Thomas:

"To "MAJOR-GENERAL GEO. H. THOMAS.

"All preparations should be made for attacking the enemy's position on Missionary Ridge by Saturday at daylight. Not being provided with a map giving names of roads, spurs of the mountain and other places, such definite instructions cannot be given as might be desirable. However, the general plan, you understand, is for Sherman, with the force brought with him, strengthened by a division from your command, to effect a crossing of the Tennessee river just below the mouth of the Chicamauga, his crossing to be protected by artillery from the heights on the north bank of the river (to be located by your chief of artillery), and to secure the heights from the northern extremity to about the railroad tunnel, before the enemy can concentrate against him. You will co-operate with Sherman. The troops in Chattanooga Valley should be well concentrated on your left flank, leaving only the necessary force to defend fortifications on the right and centre, and a movable column of one division in readiness to move whereon ordered. This division should show itself as threateningly as (p. 400) possible on the most practical line for making an attack up the valley Your effort will then be to form a junction with Sherman, making your advance well toward the northern end of Missionary Ridge, and moving as near simultaneously with him as possible. The junction once formed and the ridge carried, communication will at once be established between the two armies by roads on the south bank of the river. Further movements will then depend on those of the enemy. Lookout Valley, I think, will be easily held by Geary's Division and what troops you may still have there belonging to the old army of the Cumberland. Howard's corps can then be held in readiness to act either with you at Chattanooga, or with Sherman. It should be marched on Friday night to a position on the north side of the river, not lower down than the first pontoon bridge, and there held in readiness for such orders as may become necessary. All the troops will be provided with two days cooked rations in haversacks and one hundred rounds of ammunition on the person of each infantry soldier. Special care should be taken by all officers to see that no ammunition is wasted or unnecessarily fired away. You will call on the Engineer Department for such preparations as you may deem necessary for carrying your infantry and artillery over the creek.

"U. S. GRANT, "Major-General."

A copy of these instructions was furnished Sherman with the following communication:

"To "MAJOR-GENERAL W. T. SHERMAN.

"Enclosed herewith I send you copy of instructions to Major-General Thomas. You having been over the ground in person, and having heard the whole matter discussed, further instructions will not be necessary for you. It is particularly desirable that a force should be got through to the railroad between Cleveland and Dalton, and Longstreet thus cut off from communication with the South; but being confronted by a large force here, strongly located, it is not easy to tell how this is to be effected, until the result of our first effort is known. I will add, however, what is not now shown in my instructions to Thomas, that a brigade of cavalry has been ordered here which, if it arrives in time, will be thrown across the Tennessee above Chicamauga, and may be able to make the trip to Cleveland or thereabouts.

"U. S. GRANT, "Major-General."

Sherman's forces were moved from Bridgeport by way of Whitesides, our division threatening the enemy's left flank in the direction of Trenton, crossing at Brown's Ferry, up the north bank of the Tennessee to near the mouth of South Chicamauga, where they were kept concealed from the enemy until they were ready to force a crossing. Pontoons for throwing a bridge across the river were built and placed in the North Chicamauga, near its mouth, a few miles further up, without attracting the attention of the enemy. It was expected we would be able to effect the crossing on the 21st of November, but owing to heavy rains, Sherman was unable to get up until the afternoon of the 23d, and then only with (p. 401) Generals Morgan L. Smith's, John E. Smith's, and Hugh Ewing's divisions of the 15th Corps, under command of Major-General Frank P. Blair, of his army. The pontoon bridge at Brown's Ferry having been broken by the drift consequent upon the rise in the river and rafts sent down by the enemy, the other division (Osterhaus') was detained on the south side, and was on the night of the 23d ordered, unless it could get across by eight o'clock the next morning, to report to Hooker, who was instructed, in this event, to attack Lookout Mountain, as contemplated in the original plan.

A deserter from the rebel army, who came into our lines on the night of the 22d November, reported Bragg falling back. The following letter from Bragg, received by flag of truce on the 20th, tended to confirm this report:

"To "Headquarters, Army of the Tennessee, "MAJOR-GENERAL U. S. GRANT, "In the Field, 20th November, 1863. "Commanding United States Forces, Chattanooga.

"General: As there may still be some non-combatants in Chattanooga, I deem it proper to notify you that prudence would dictate their early withdrawal.

"I am, General, very respectfully, your obedient servant, "Braxton BRAGG, "General commanding."

Not being willing that he should get his army off in good order, Thomas was directed early on the morning of the 23d to ascertain the truth or falsity of this report by driving in his pickets and making him develop his line. This he did with the troops stationed at Chattanooga, and Howard's corps (which had been brought into Chattanooga because of the apprehended danger to our pontoon bridges from the rise in the river and the enemy's rafts) in the most gallant style, driving the enemy from his first line and securing to us what is known as "Indian Hill" or "Orchard Knoll," and the low range of hills south of it. These points were fortified during the night and artillery put in position on them. The report of this deserter was evidently not intended to deceive, but he had mistaken Bragg's movements. It was afterward ascertained that one division of Buckner's corps had gone to join Longstreet, and a second division of the same corps had started, but was brought back in consequence of our attack.

On the night of the 23d of November Sherman, with three divisions of his army, strengthened by Davis' division of Thomas', which had been stationed along on the north bank of the river, convenient to where the crossing was to be effected, was ready for operations.

At an hour sufficiently early to secure the south bank of the river, just below the mouth of the South Chicamauga, by dawn of day, the pontoons in the North Chicamauga were loaded with thirty armed men each, and floated quietly past the enemy's pickets, landed and captured all but one of the guard, twenty in number, before the enemy was aware of the presence of a foe. The steamboat "Dunbar" with a barge in tow, after having finished ferrying across the river the horses procured from Sherman, with which to move Thomas' artillery, was sent up from Chattanooga to aid in crossing artillery and troops, and by daylight of the (p. 402) morning of the 24th of November, eight thousand men were on the south side of the Tennessee and fortified in rifle trenches. By twelve o'clock M. the pontoon bridges across the Tennessee and the Chicamauga were laid, and the remainder of Sherman's forces crossed over, and at half-past three P.M. the whole of the northern extremity of Missionary Ridge to near the railroad tunnel was in Sherman's possession. During the night he fortified the position thus secured, making it equal if not superior in strength to that held by the enemy.

By three o'clock of the same day, Colonel Long with his brigade of cavalry of Thomas' army, crossed to the south side of the Tennessee, and to the north of South Chicamauga Creek and made a raid on the enemy's lines of communications. He burned Tyner's station, with many stores, cut the railroad at Cleveland, captured near a hundred wagons, and over two hundred prisoners. His own loss was small.

Hooker carried out the part assigned him for this day, equal to the most sanguine expectations. With Geary's division (12th Corps) and two brigades of Stanley's division (4th Corps) of Thomas' army, and Osterhaus' division (15th Corps) of Sherman's army, he scaled the western slope of Lookout Mountain, drove the enemy from his rifle pits on the northern extremity and slope of the mountain, capturing many prisoners, without serious loss.

Thomas having done on the 23d, with his troops in Chattanooga, what was intended for the 24th, bettered and strengthened his advanced position during the day and pushed the 11th Corps forward along the south bank of the Tennessee river across Citico creek, one brigade of which with Howard in person, reached Sherman just as he had completed the crossing of the river.

When Hooker emerged in sight of the northern extremity of Lookout Mountain, Carlin's brigade of the 14th Corps was ordered to cross Chattanooga creek and form a junction with him. This was effected late in the evening and after considerable fighting.

Thus on the night of the 24th, our forces maintained an unbroken line with unbroken communications, from the north end of Lookout Mountain through Chattanooga Valley to the north end of Missionary Ridge.

On the morning of the 25th, Hooker took possession of the mountain top with a small force, and with the remainder of his command in pursuance of orders, swept across Chattanooga Valley, now abandoned by the enemy, to Rossville. In this march he was detained four hours in building a bridge across Chattanooga creek. From Rossville he ascended Missionary Ridge and moved northward toward the centre of the now shortened line.

Sherman's attack upon the enemy's most northern and most vital points was vigorously kept up all day. The assaulting column advanced to the very rifle pits of the enemy, and held their position firmly and without wavering. The right of the assaulting column being exposed to the danger of being turned, two brigades were sent to its support. These advanced in the most gallant manner over an open field on the mountain side to near the works of the enemy, and laid there, partially covered from fire for some time. The right of these two brigades rested near the head of a ravine or gorge in the mountain side, which the enemy took advantage of, and sent troops, covered from view below them (p. 403) and to their right rear. Being unexpectedly fired into from this direction, they fell back across the open field below them, and reformed in good order in the edge of the timber. The column which attacked them was speedily driven to its entrenchments by the assaulting column proper.

Sherman's position not only threatened the right flank of the enemy, but, from his occupying a line across the mountain and to the railroad bridge across Chicamauga Creek, his rear and stores at Chicamauga Station. This caused the enemy to mass heavily against him. This movement of his being plainly seen from the position I occupied on Orchard Knoll, Baird's division of the 14th Corps was ordered to Sherman's support; but receiving a note from Sherman informing me that he had all the force necessary, Baird was put in position on Thomas' left.

The appearance of Hooker's column was at this time anxiously looked for and momentarily expected, moving north on the ridge, with his left in Chattanooga Valley and his right east of the ridge. His approach was intended as the signal for storming the ridge in the centre, with strong columns; but the time necessarily consumed in the construction of the bridge near Chattanooga creek, detained him to a later hour than was expected. Being satisfied, from the latest information from him, that he must by this time be on his road from Rossville, though not yet in sight, and discovering that the enemy in his desperation to defeat or resist the progress of Sherman, was weakening his centre on Missionary Ridge, determined me to order the advance at once. Thomas was accordingly directed to move forward his troops, constituting our centre,--Baird's division (14th Corps), Wood's and Sheridan's divisions (4th Corps), and Johnson's division (14th Corps),--with a double line of skirmishers thrown out, followed in easy supporting distance by the whole force, and carry the rifle pits at the foot of Missionary Ridge, and when carried to reform his lines in the rifle pits with a view to carrying the top of the ridge.

These troops moved forward, drove the enemy from the rifle pits at the base of the ridge like bees from a hive, stopped but a moment until the whole were in line, and commenced the ascent of the mountain from right to left almost simultaneously, following closely the retreating enemy, without further orders. They encountered a fearful volley of grape and canister from near thirty pieces of artillery, and musketry from still well filled rifle pits on the summit of the ridge. Not a waver, however, was seen in all that long line of brave men. Their progress was steadily onward until the summit was in their possession.

In this charge the casualties were remarkably few for the fire encountered. I can account for this only on the theory that the enemy's surprise at the audacity of such a charge caused confusion and purposeless aiming of their pieces.

The nearness of night and the enemy still resisting the advance of Thomas' left, prevented a general pursuit that night, but Sheridan pushed forward to Mission Mills.

The resistance on Thomas' left being overcome, the enemy abandoned his position near the railroad tunnel in front of Sherman, and by twelve o'clock at night was in full retreat, and the whole of his strong positions on Lookout Mountain, Chattanooga Valley and Missionary Ridge were in our possession, together with a large number of prisoners, artillery, and small arms.

Thomas was directed to get Granger with his corps, and (p. 404) detachments enough from other commands, including the force available at Kingston, to make twenty thousand men, in readiness to go to the relief of Knoxville, upon the termination of the battle at Chattanooga, these troops to take with them four days' rations and a steamboat loaded with rations to follow up the river.

On the evening of the 25th November orders were given to both Thomas and Sherman to pursue the enemy early the next morning, with all their available force except that under Granger, intended for the relief of Knoxville.

On the morning of the 26th Sherman advanced by way of Chicamauga Station, and Thomas' forces, under Hooker and Palmer, moved on the Rossville road toward Grayville and Ringgold.

The advance of Thomas' forces reached Ringgold on the morning of the 27th, where they found the enemy in strong position in the gorge and on the crest of Taylor's Ridge, from which they dislodged him after a severe fight, in which we lost heavily in valuable officers and men, and continued the pursuit that day until near Tunnel Hill, a distance of twenty miles from Chattanooga.

Davies' division (14th Corps) of Sherman's column reached Ringgold about noon of the same day. Howard's Corps was sent by Sherman to Red Clay to destroy the railroad between Dalton and Cleveland, and thus cut off Bragg's communication with Longstreet, which was successfully accomplished.

Had it not been for the imperative necessity of relieving Burnside, I would have pursued the broken and demoralized retreating enemy as long as supplies could have been found in the country. But my advices were that Burnside's supplies would only last until about the 3d of December. It was already getting late to afford the necessary relief. I determined, therefore, to pursue no further. Hooker was directed to hold the position he then occupied until the night of the 31st, but to go no further south at the expense of a fight. Sherman was directed to march to the railroad crossing of the Hiwassee, to protect Granger's flank until he was across that stream, and to prevent further re-enforcements being sent by that route into East Tennessee.

Returning from the front on the 28th, I found that Granger had not yet got off, nor would he have the number of men I had directed. Besides he moved with reluctance and complaints. I therefore determined, notwithstanding the fact that two divisions of Sherman's forces had marched from Memphis and had gone into battle immediately on their arrival at Chattanooga, to send him with his command, and orders in accordance therewith were sent him at Calhoun, to assume command of the troops with Granger in addition to those with him, and proceed with all possible dispatch to the relief of Burnside.

General Elliott had been ordered by Thomas on the 26th of November, to proceed from Alexandria, Tennessee, to Knoxville, with his cavalry division to aid in the relief of that place.

The approach of Sherman caused Longstreet to raise the siege of Knoxville and retreat eastward on the night of the 4th of December. Sherman succeeded in throwing his cavalry into Knoxville on the night of the 3d.

Sherman arrived in person at Knoxville on the 6th, and after a conference with Burnside in reference to "organizing a pursuing force large enough to either overtake the enemy and beat him (p. 405) or drive him out of the State," Burnside was of the opinion that the corps of Granger, in conjunction with his own command, was sufficient for that purpose, and on the 7th addressed to Sherman the following communication:

"To "Knoxville, December 7th, 1863. "MAJOR-GENERAL SHERMAN.

"I desire to express to you and to your command my most hearty thanks and gratitude for your promptness in coming to our relief during the siege of Knoxville, and I am satisfied that your approach served to raise the siege. The emergency having passed, I do not deem for the present any other portion of your command, but the corps of General Granger, necessary for operations in this section, and inasmuch as General Grant has weakened the forces immediately with him in order to relieve us, thereby rendering portions of General Thomas' less secure, I deem it advisable that all the troops now here, except those commanded by General Granger, should return at once to within supporting distance of the forces operating against Bragg's army. In behalf of my command I again desire to thank you and your command, for the kindness you have done us.

"A. E. BURNSIDE, Major-General."

Leaving Granger's command at Knoxville, Sherman with the remainder of his forces returned by slow marches to Chattanooga.

I have not spoken more particularly of the result of the pursuit of the enemy, because the more detailed reports accompanying this do the subject justice. For the same reason I have not particularized the part taken by Corps and Division Commanders.

To Brigadier-General W. F. Smith, Chief Engineer, I feel under more than ordinary obligations for the masterly manner in which he discharged the duties of his position, and desire that his services be fully appreciated by higher authority.

The members of my staff discharged faithfully their respective duties, for which they have my warmest thanks.

Our losses in these battles were 757 killed, 4529 wounded, and 330 missing; total 5616. The loss of the enemy in killed and wounded was probably less than ours, owing to the fact that he was protected by his entrenchments, while our men were without cover.

At Knoxville, however, his loss was many times greater than ours, making his entire loss at the two places equal to, if not exceeding ours. We captured 6142 prisoners, of whom 239 were commissioned officers; 40 pieces of artillery, 69 artillery carriages and caissons, and 7000 stand of small arms.

The armies of the Cumberland and of the Tennessee, for their energy and unsurpassed bravery in the three days battle of Chattanooga and the pursuit of the enemy, heir patient endurance in marching to the relief of Knoxville, and the Army of the Ohio for its masterly defence of Knoxville and repeated repulses of Longstreet's assaults upon that place, are deserving of the gratitude of their country.

I have the honor to be, Colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, U. S. GRANT, Major-General U. S. A.

No. 74. (p. 406) PLATE LXXIV.

March 17, 1862.

A grateful country to her generous son Cornelius Vanderbilt. [Rx]. Bis dat qui tempori dat 1865.

CORNELIUS VANDERBILT.

[Free Gift of Steamship Vanderbilt.]

A GRATEFUL COUNTRY TO HER GENEROUS SON * * * CORNELIUS VANDERBILT * * *. Undraped bust of Cornelius Vanderbilt, facing the right. On edge of bust, S. ELLIS. F. (fecit).

America, personified as Minerva, stands, leaning with her left hand on the American shield, and holding in her right a sword which rests on her shoulder; to the right the American eagle; to the left, the genius of the maritime cities imploring her aid and protection. In the background, in the open sea, is the steamer Vanderbilt under steam; above, a cloud with thunderbolts. Exergue: BIS DAT QUI TEMPORI DAT.[118] (He gives twice who gives in time.) 1865. ELLIS SC. (sculpsit.) LEUTZE DEL. (delineavit.)[119]

[Footnote 118: The Latin proverb is BIS DAT QUI CITO DAT.]

[Footnote 119: See INTRODUCTION, page viii.]

EMANUEL LEUTZE, who designed the reverse of the medal to Cornelius Vanderbilt, was born in Gmünden, Württemberg, May 24, 1816. His parents emigrated to America while he was still a child, and settled in Fredericksburg, Virginia. In 1841 he went to Europe, and studied art at Düsseldorf under Professor Lessing. He returned to America in 1859, and took up his residence in Washington. Among his principal paintings, which are mostly historical, and relate to America, are: Columbus before the Council of Salamanca, Columbus in chains, Columbus before Queen Isabella, Washington crossing the Delaware, Washington at Monmouth, and Washington at Princeton. One of his last works is the fresco in the Capitol at Washington, "Westward the star of empire takes its way." He died in Washington, July 18, 1868.

CORNELIUS VANDERBILT was born on Staten Island, New York, May 27, (p. 407) 1794. He went to New York city early in life, and engaged in the shipping business, in which, by his energy and perseverance, he in time acquired wealth, and became owner of several lines of steamers, running from New York to places along the coast. In 1851 he established a line of steamers to California, and in 1855 another to Europe. In March, 1862, he presented to the United States Government the magnificent ship which bore his name, for which generous gift Congress gave him a vote of thanks and a gold medal. He was made president of the New York and Harlem Railroad Company in May, 1863; of the Hudson River Railroad Company in June, 1865; and of the New York Central Railroad Company in December, 1867. In November, 1869, the two last were consolidated, with a joint capital of ninety millions of dollars. He died in the city of New York, January 4, 1877. Cornelius Vanderbilt was, at the time of his death, one of the richest men in the world. Among his charities was a gift of one million dollars to the "Central University of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South," in Nashville, Tennessee, which, in consequence of this munificence, was named, in honor of him, Vanderbilt University. He was known by the sobriquet of "Commodore."

_____

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS.

Resolution of Congress Voting a Medal to Cornelius Vanderbilt.

Whereas, Cornelius Vanderbilt of New York, did, during the spring of 1862, make a free gift to his imperilled country of his new and staunch steamship "Vanderbilt," of five thousand tons burthen, built by him with the greatest care, of the best materials, at a cost of eight hundred thousand dollars, which steamship has ever since been actively employed in the service of the republic against the rebel devastations of her commerce; and

Whereas, The said Cornelius Vanderbilt has in no manner sought any requital of this magnificent gift, nor any official recognition thereof; therefore,

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: That the thanks of Congress be presented to Cornelius Vanderbilt for this unique manifestation of a fervid and large-souled patriotism.

SECTION 2. And be it further resolved, That the President (p. 408) of the United States be requested to cause a gold medal to be struck, which shall fitly embody an attestation of the nation's gratitude for this gift; which medal shall be forwarded to Cornelius Vanderbilt, a copy of it being made and deposited for preservation in the library of Congress.

Approved January 28, 1864.

_____

The Secretary of State to Cornelius Vanderbilt.

To Department of State, CORNELIUS VANDERBILT, Esq., Washington, April 17, 1866. New York.

Sir: I have to inform you that the Congress of the United States, by a resolution of the 28th of January, 1864, an attested copy of which is herewith sent, offered you their thanks for your generous gift to the nation during the last war, of the steamer "Vanderbilt," and requested the President to cause a gold medal to be struck and forwarded to you, commemorative of that gift. It is now my pleasing duty to forward the medal to you accordingly. I avail myself of the occasion to express a hope that it may prove acceptable, and also to congratulate you upon the proud consciousness, which you cannot fail to cherish, of having, by the act referred to, rendered your country a signal service at a critical period in its history.

I am, Sir, your very obedient servant, William H. SEWARD.

_____

Cornelius Vanderbilt to the Secretary of State.

To the Honorable William H. SEWARD, New York, May 3rd, 1866. Secretary of State, Washington, D. C.

Sir: Your communication of the 17th of April ult., informing me that the Congress of the United States had, by their resolution of the 28th of January, 1864, tendered to me their thanks for the gift of the steamer "Vanderbilt," and requested the President to cause a gold medal to be struck and forwarded to me in commemoration of the gift, has been placed in my hands.

I have also received the medal, together with an attested copy of the resolution in compliance with which you have caused it to be transmitted.

You have been pleased to express the hope that the medal would be acceptable to me, with your congratulations for the consciousness which you consider I cannot fail to cherish of having, by the act which its presentation commemorates, rendered a service to my country at a critical period in its history.

Permit me, Sir, to return my acknowledgment for this (p. 409) national recognition of the act referred to, and to express the satisfaction with which I have received this generous token of remembrance. It may not be inappropriate for me to refer to the transaction which gave rise to the resolve of Congress which your Department has now so gracefully executed.

About the year 1856, I formed the design and commenced the work of a steamship for the purpose of demonstrating that individual enterprise could, without the aid of governmental encouragement, place upon the ocean steamships equal at least in magnitude, power and speed, to any which had been constructed under governmental patronage and protection in any part of the world. An expenditure of about one million of dollars produced the steamship "Vanderbilt," which carried the flag of our country across the sea in a lesser space of time than any national banner had been hitherto borne.

On the 16th of March, 1862, I received at my residence in this city a letter from the War Department enquiring if I would undertake to prevent the Confederate steamer "Merrimac" from coming out of the harbor of Norfolk, and urging my immediate attention, as the danger was most imminent and "there was no time to be lost." I answered by telegraph that I would go to Washington the next day. On the morning of the 17th of March I called at the War Department, where I saw for the first time Mr. Stanton, the Secretary of War. He requested me to accompany him to the executive mansion, where I was introduced to Mr. Lincoln, to whom I was then personally a stranger. The President asked me if I thought I could, with the aid of my steamships, do anything to prevent the "Merrimac" from getting out of Hampton Roads. I replied to him that it was my opinion that if the steamship "Vanderbilt" was there properly manned, the "Merrimac" would not venture to come out, or if she did, the chances were ten to one that the "Vanderbilt" would sink and destroy her. Mr. Lincoln asked me to name the sum of money for which I would undertake the service; I replied to him that nothing would induce me to become a speculator upon the necessities of the government, and that I would not mention a sum as the value of her charter, but that I would make a gift of her to the government for the service proposed. The President replied, "I accept her." I left him promising that the "Vanderbilt" should be at Fortress Monroe properly equipped and officered under my direction within three or four days at the farthest, and she was there within the time. The requisite instrument of transfer was subsequently executed by me and transmitted to the War Department.

The resolution of Congress of which you have informed me truly states that I have in no manner sought requital for the gift, and the recognition of it, which in the discharge of your official duty you have given me, was altogether unsolicited. I shall proudly preserve the splendid token of appreciation which you have transmitted to me, and it is my hope that those who come after me, as they read the inscriptions of the medal and are reminded of the event in their father's life which caused it to be struck, will inflexibly resolve that should our Government be again imperilled, no pecuniary sacrifice is too large to make in its behalf, and no inducement sufficiently great to attempt to profit by its necessities.

I am, Sir, your very obedient servant, C. VANDERBILT.

No. 75. (p. 410) PLATE LXXV.

April 16, 1865--March 4, 1869.

Andrew Johnson, President of the United States 1865. [Rx]. Peace.

PRESIDENT ANDREW JOHNSON.

[Seventeenth President of the United States of America.]

ANDREW JOHNSON, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES 1865. Undraped bust of President Johnson, facing the right PAQUET, F. (fecit).

America is giving her hand to an Indian chief, before a mausoleum, upon which, in a crown of laurel, is the word PEACE. The mausoleum is surmounted by a small undraped bust of Washington, facing the right; to the left, at the feet of the Indian, are the attributes of savage life, and behind him a buffalo hunt; to the right, at the feet of America, are the emblems of civilization, and behind her a railway train. PAQUET. F. (fecit).

ANDREW JOHNSON was born in Raleigh, North Carolina, December 29, 1808. He settled in Greenville, Tennessee, 1826; was a member of the State Legislature, 1835 and 1839; State senator, 1841; member of Congress, 1843-1853; governor of Tennessee, 1853-1857; and United States senator, 1857-1863. He remained true to the Union when his State seceded, and was appointed military-governor of Tennessee, 1864; became vice-president of the United States, March 4, 1865; President, after the assassination of President Lincoln, April 16, 1865-1869. He was an unsuccessful candidate for the Senate of the United States in 1870, and for Congress in 1871; but was elected to the Senate in 1875. He died July 31, 1875, near Elizabethtown, Carter County, Tennessee.

No. 76. (p. 411) PLATE LXXVI.

December, 1853.

By Joint resolution of Congress to the rescuers of the passengers officers and men of steamship San Francisco, etc. [Rx]. July 26 1866.

WRECK OF THE STEAMSHIP SAN FRANCISCO.

[Testimonial of National Gratitude.]

BY JOINT RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS TO THE RESCUERS OF THE PASSENGERS OFFICERS AND MEN OF STEAMSHIP SAN FRANCISCO WRECKED DEC. (December) 1853. TESTIMONIAL OF NATIONAL GRATITUDE FOR HIS GALLANT CONDUCT. America, personified as a female, seated, and with the eagle, fasces, and shield at her left, crowns with a wreath of laurel a sailor, who is kneeling before her; to the right, the United States capitol; to the left, a ship at anchor. PAQUET. F. (fecit).

Thirty-nine stars; a man and a woman on a raft at sea; a ship coming to their rescue. On the raft, PAQUET. F. (fecit). Exergue: JULY 26 1866--An anchor and a branch of laurel.[120]

[Footnote 120: See INTRODUCTION, page ix.]

As this medal was not voted by Congress until 1866, it is placed here according to the chronological order adopted.

_____

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS. (p. 412)

Resolutions of Congress Voting Medals to Captains Creighton, Low, and Stouffer.

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: SECTION 1. That the President of the United States be requested to procure three valuable gold medals with suitable devices, one to be presented to Captain Creighton, of the ship Three Bells, of Glasgow; one to Captain Low, of the bark Kilby, of Boston; and one to Captain Stouffer, of the ship Antar(c)tic, as testimonials of national gratitude for their gallant conduct in rescuing about five hundred Americans from the wreck of the steamship San Francisco; and that the cost of the same be paid for out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.

SECTION 2. And be it further resolved, That the sum of seven thousand five hundred dollars each is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to the above named captains respectively, as a reward of their humanity and heroism in the rescue of the survivors of the said wreck, and in case either of the said captains may have died, then the amount hereby appropriated shall be paid to the widow of said deceased captain respectively; if no widow surviving, then to the respective child or children of such deceased captain; and in the event of there being no child or children of said deceased captain surviving, then the amount hereby appropriated shall be paid first, to the father, or if the father be not living, then to the mother of such deceased captain respectively.

SECTION 3. And be it further resolved, That there shall be paid to each mate of the three above-named vessels the sum of five hundred dollars, and to each man and boy the sum of one hundred dollars, and in case of the death of the respective mate or mates, or men or boys, that the said respective sums shall be paid in the same way and under the same conditions as the payment is to be made in case of the death of the respective captains.

Approved July 26th, 1866.

_____

Major Wyse to the Adjutant-General of the Army.

To Fort Wood COLONEL S. COOPER, New York Harbor, January 14th, 1854. Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C.

Colonel: I have the honor to enclose the above[121] informal report, for the information of the proper authorities, with the following remark: We were wrecked about 7 A.M. of the 24th of December, 1853 (Saturday), the sea sweeping overboard Brevet Colonel Washington, Brevet Major Taylor, Brevet Captain Field, Lieutenant Smith, and about 120 men. We were much disabled and leaking a great deal, mostly under our guards, which were (p. 413) all broken up. On the 28th of December, 1853, we put on board the bark Kilby, bound for Boston, Colonel Gates, Major Merchant, Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Burke, Doctors Saterlee and Wirtz, Captain Judd, Captain Gardner, Lieutenant Fremont, Lieutenant Loeser and Lieutenant Van Voast, with all the ladies and their children, and about fifty men. Lieutenants William A. Winder, Charles Winder, J. G. Chandler and myself, with the rest of the men remained on board the wreck.

I continued the disembarkation until about 8 P.M. the same day, when the weather forced us to stop, and that night we parted with the bark in a gale. On Friday night, the 30th of December, 1853, we fell in with the English ship "Three Bells," Captain Creighton, who after finding our condition stuck by us most nobly, until the sea calmed sufficiently to take our men off, which was on Tuesday morning the 3d of January, 1854. At this time the ship "Antarctic" of Liverpool came to our relief and also commenced taking off our men. We continued this disembarkation throughout Tuesday and Wednesday, and on Wednesday evening, about 6 P.M., having removed every man, woman and child of my command, I embarked myself on board the "Three Bells." The commander of the San Francisco, Captain Watkins, with his officers and crew, remained on the wreck that night, and left the next morning about 10 A.M., after which we parted with the wreck, the ship "Antarctic" steaming for Liverpool, and our ship the "Three Bells" for New York, where I have the happiness to inform you we arrived last evening. Words cannot express the gratitude we owe to Captain Creighton for laying by us so faithfully during so many stormy days, his ship disabled in the storm which wrecked us, and leaking at the rate of four inches per hour, and to whom I trust our government may make some suitable testimonial. Our own captain also behaved throughout the whole trouble with the most untiring courage, energy and perseverance. Both of our surgeons being on the bark Kilby, I don't know what we should have done had it not been for the accidental presence of Doctor Buell, a citizen physician, who labored incessantly night and day to alleviate the sufferings of our numerous sick, who were dying hourly with the cholera, and to make things still worse the small pox made its appearance on board. All our hospital stores were swept overboard the morning of the wreck, with the exception of two or three boxes of brandy and wine, and a little opium.

I feel that I would be doing injustice to Lieutenants Charles S. Winder, James Van Voast, and J. G. Chandler, did I not recommend them to the favorable notice of the President, for their untiring and noble exertions, night and day for ten successive days, in keeping the ship clear of water, and mingling among the sick and desponding men, to minister to their wants and cheer them up with hope. The other officer with me, Lieutenant Wm. A. Winder, was sick nearly all the time and that prevented him from rendering the services which otherwise he would have done. I am also happy to say that under the most trying circumstances, my non-commissioned officers and men behaved well.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, F. O. WYSE, Captain and Brevet Major 3d Artillery, commanding.

[Footnote 121: See ENCLOSURE, page 414.]

[Enclosure.] (p. 414)

CONSOLIDATED MORNING REPORT OF COMPANIES A, B, D, G, H, I, K AND L, OF THE 3D ARTILLERY.

Stationed at Fort Wood, New York Harbor, January 14, 1854.

====================================================================== Number of ||Letters Companies. || of Companies. || | || |Present || |for Duty. || | | || | |Present Sick. || | | | || | | |Absent. || | | | | || | | | |Absent Sick. || | | | | | || | | | | |Dead. || | | | | | | || | | | | | |Total Present. || | | | | | | | || | | | | | | |Total Present || | | | | | | |Absent, and || | | | | | | |Dead. || | | | | | | | | || | | | | | | | |Commissioned || | | | | | | | |Officers || | | | | | | | |Present. || | | | | | | | | ||Aggregate. || | | | | | | | | || || -----------||----------------------------------------||----|| Field and || | | | 1 | | | | | || || Staff || | | | | | | | | || || Regimental || | 7 | 1 | 7 | | 7 | 8 | 22 | || 22 || Band || | | | | | | | | || || 1 || A | 17 | 1 | 24 | 4 | 8 | 18 | 54 | || 54 || 2 || B | 12 | 2 | 20 | 3 | 31 | 14 | 68 | || 68 || 3 || D | 21 | 4 | 21 | 3 | 7 | 25 | 56 | 1 || 57 || 4 || G | 14 | | 23 | 3 | 15 | 14 | 55 | 1 || 56 || 5 || H | 11 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 13 | 12 | 51 | || 51 || 6 || I | 10 | 1 | 31 | 2 | 2 | 11 | 46 | || 46 || 7 || K | 12 | 1 | 6 | 2 | 36 | 13 | 57 | || 57 || 8 || L | 16 | 1 | 16 | | 41 | 17 | 74 | || 74 || -----------------------------------------------------||----|| Total || |120 |12 |174 |18 |160 |132 |483 | 2 ||485 || =============================================================

Number of Companies. REMARKS.

Field and Staff: Lieutenant C. Winder and Sergeant Major Gorham embarked for Liverpool.

Regimental Band: 7 embarked for Liverpool.

1: 2 embarked on board the bark Kilby for Boston, and 26 for Liverpool.

2: 23 embarked for Liverpool.

3: 9 embarked for Boston, and 15 for Liverpool.

4: 2 privates embarked on board the bark Kilby for Boston, and 21 for Liverpool.

5: 24 embarked for Liverpool, and 2 for Boston.

6: 29 embarked for Boston, and 4 for Liverpool.

7: 1 private embarked on board the bark Kilby for Boston, and 7 for Liverpool.

8: 16 embarked for Liverpool.

_____

Colonel Gates to the Adjutant-General of the Army. (p. 415)

To Headquarters, 30 Artillery, COLONEL S. COOPER, New York City, Jan. 16, 1854. Adjutant-General, Washington, D. C.

Colonel: I have the honor to report my arrival in this city, with a remnant of my regiment.

As you are already aware I embarked on the 22d of December last, with eight companies of my regiment, on the steamship San Francisco for California. On the 24th December, when about three hundred miles from New York, the engine of the ship gave way, and in a few hours a heavy sea boarded her, carrying away the entire upper cabin, and with it four officers and about two hundred enlisted men, the wife of Major Taylor, my eldest son, and a number of citizen passengers.

Every exertion was now made by both officers and men to assist the crew in keeping the ship afloat; by clearing her of water and throwing overboard freight.

A constant succession of gales continued for four days, rendering it almost certain (to human foresight) that she must go down. But by the merciful goodness of God we were preserved, and I am happy to inform you that all the survivors have been taken from the wreck and are now in this harbor, and on the ship "Antarctic" for Liverpool, except eighteen men that volunteered to remain, and help work the old bark Kilby into port.

On the 27th of December the bark Kilby of Boston hove in sight, and her noble commander, Captain Low, said he would lay by us until the sea would permit him to remove us on board his vessel. On the 28th, the sea having in a measure become quiet, he came alongside, sent his boats and removed all the ladies, children, passengers (citizens), a number of officers, and about fifty soldiers, when suddenly a squall of wind separated the two vessels, parting the hawser by which they were attached, and continued to blow all night a violent gale. This squall came on so suddenly that my quarter-master and acting adjutant, 1st Lieutenant Fremont, who came on board the bark for a few hours to urge the sailors on to renewed exertions, and offer them large inducements to work the boats all night, was left on the bark unable to get back.

Brevet Major Wyse, the senior officer, undisabled, was, by my orders, detailed to superintend the transfer of troops, and was thus left in command of those remaining on the wreck. For two days and nights the gale continued, and though we tried constantly to regain the wreck, it was found impossible to do so, with the old bark in her crippled condition, and as we were put on an allowance of bread and water, it was finally resolved to make if possible an American port.

We drifted before the wind for fifteen days, and were at last, after living on parched corn five days, taken off by the packet ship Lucy Thompson, of this port, Captain Pendleton, a noble hearted sailor.

I cannot close this brief report without expressing my high admiration of the noble conduct of every undisabled officer, and most of the men. Brevet Major Wyse, Captain Judd, my only staff officer (quartermaster and acting adjutant), 1st Lieutenant Fremont, who, in addition to his own duties, served at the (p. 416) pumps, 1st Lieutenant Loeser, acting Commissary, 1st Lieutenant W. A. Winder, 2d Lieutenants C. S. Winder, Van Voast, and Chandler.

These officers, some of them though slightly disabled, never faltered in their duty, working day and night at the pumps and elsewhere, and I would specially notice the three 2d lieutenants who, being unencumbered with the cares of family, labored unremittingly, and deserve the highest praise.

My regiment is broken up and disorganized, and it will be many months before it can take the field successfully. We were all anxious to reach California; our "all" was embarked in the expedition, and by the providence of God it has been swept away, and we are now penniless and destitute. We claim that our tour of duty in California has been performed, by every military principle, we have suffered more in the last three weeks than we could, ordinarily, during a five-year tour in California. "We have marched off parade," sought our destination, and been crushed, cruelly crushed, and we now ask that due consideration be shown us.

I further request that the officers of companies "B" and "L" now under orders for California be directed to report to me in this city for duty, with the remnants of those companies.

The officers lost are Brevet Lieutenant-Colonel Washington, Brevet Major George Taylor, Brevet Captain H. B. Field, and 1st Lieutenant R. H. Smith.

As soon as possible a detailed report with a return of the survivors will be made to you.

The troops taken off by the "Kilby" and "Three Bells" are at Bedloe's Island.

I am, Colonel, very respectfully, your obedient servant, William GATES, Colonel commanding.

_____

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS.

_Acts of Congress Voting Eight Months' Pay to Lieutenant Francis Key Murray and others._

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States in Congress assembled: That there shall be paid, under the direction of the President, to each of the officers, non-commissioned officers, musicians and privates, who, on the twenty-first day of December, eighteen hundred and fifty-three, embarked at New York, under orders to California, on the steamship San Francisco, and who was on board the vessel on the occasion of her recent disaster at sea, and to Lieutenant Francis Key Murray, and any other officer or seaman of the United States Navy, who was on board the said steamship, under orders, a sum equal in amount to his pay and allowance for eight months.

SECTION 2. And be it further enacted, That if any such (p. 417) officer, non-commissioned officer, musician or private, shall have died before receiving such payment, from any cause consequent upon said disaster, his widow, if one survive him, and if not, then his minor children, if any there be, shall be paid a sum equal in amount to six months' pay, and allowances of the deceased; and that the widows and minor children of those officers, non-commissioned officers and privates, who perished by this disaster, or who died from disease in consequence thereof, shall be allowed pensions in the same manner in all respects as if the said officers, non-commissioned officers, and privates had been killed in battle.

Approved March 27th, 1854.

SECTION 3. And be it further enacted, That the amount which it may be found necessary to pay under the act of twenty-seventh March, eighteen hundred and fifty-four, to the widows and orphans of United States troops, who perished by the recent disaster to the steamship San Francisco, be paid out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.

Approved August 5th, 1854.

No. 77. (p. 418) PLATE LXXVII.

1866.

Honor and fame are the reward. [Rx]. By resolution of the Congress of the United States. March 2, 1867. to Cyrus W. Field, of New York, etc.

CYRUS WEST FIELD.

[Laying of the Atlantic Telegraph Cable.]

Within a circle formed by a telegraphic cable: HONOR AND FAME ARE THE REWARD. On clouds in the midst of sunbeams the undraped bust of Cyrus West Field, facing the left. A hand from above places a crown on his head; below is the Atlantic Ocean; two ships going in opposite directions are paying out the cable; to the left, the western hemisphere, AMERICA; to the right, the eastern hemisphere, EUROPE; beneath, in a band formed by the Atlantic cable and a chain uniting the two worlds, INDOMITABLE PERSEVERANCE AND ENDURING FAITH ACHIEVED THE SUCCESS, J. G. BRUFF D. (delineavit.) BARBER F. (fecit).

Within an endless chain: BY RESOLUTION OF THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES. MARCH 2, 1867. TO CYRUS W. (West) FIELD, OF NEW YORK FOR HIS FORESIGHT, FAITH, AND PERSISTENCY, IN ESTABLISHING TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION, BY MEANS OF THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH, CONNECTING THE OLD WITH THE NEW WORLD. To the left, the American shield; to the right, a star formed of thirty-one smaller stars; below, the terrestrial globe, showing AMERICA and EUROPE, surrounded with electric sparks, surmounted by a torch and a caduceus crossed, and resting on branches of laurel and of oak.

J. GOLDSBOROUGH BRUFF was in 1872 one of the designing artists (p. 419) attached to the Treasury Department in Washington. He designed the face of this medal.

WILLIAM BARBER, at present engraver to the United States Mint in Philadelphia, was born in London, England. The principal medals engraved by him are those of Cyrus W. Field, Elliot, Rittenhouse, James Pollock, Joseph Pancoast, and Dr. Linderman.

CYRUS WEST FIELD was born in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, November 30, 1819. He went to New York city at the age of fifteen, and entered a commercial house. He was one of the first promoters of an Atlantic telegraph, and founded the New York, Newfoundland, and London Telegraph Company in 1854; organized the Atlantic Telegraph Company in 1856; and took a leading part in the various attempts to lay a transatlantic cable. He received a vote of thanks and a gold medal from Congress for the final success of this great undertaking. He is still living.

_____

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS.

Resolution of Congress Voting a Medal to Cyrus W. Field.

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: That the thanks of Congress be, and they hereby are, presented to Cyrus W. Field of New York, for his foresight, courage and determination in establishing telegraphic communication by means of the Atlantic cable, traversing mid-ocean and connecting the Old World with the New; and that the President of the United States be requested to cause a gold medal to be struck, with suitable emblems, devices, and inscription, to be presented to Mr. Field.

And be it further resolved, That when the medal shall have been struck, the President shall cause a copy of this joint resolution to be engrossed on parchment, and shall transmit the same, together with the medal, to Mr. Field to be presented to him in the name of the people of the United States of America.

And further, That a sufficient sum of money to carry this resolution into effect is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.

Approved March 2, 1867.

_____

The Secretary of State to Cyrus W. Field. (p. 420)

To Department of State, Cyrus W. FIELD, Esq., Washington, January 7, 1869. New York.

Sir: Pursuant to the resolution of Congress of March 2, 1867, the President has caused to be prepared, for presentation to you, in the name of the people of the United States, a gold medal, with suitable devices and inscriptions, in acknowledgment of your eminent services in the establishment of telegraphic communication, by means of the Atlantic cable, between the Old World and the New.

This testimonial, together with an engrossed copy of the resolution referred to, is herewith transmitted to you by direction of the President.

I am, Sir, your obedient servant, William H. SEWARD.

No. 78. (p. 421) PLATE LXXVIII.

February 7, 1867.

[Rx]. The people of the United States to George Peabody, etc.

GEORGE PEABODY.

[Promotion of Universal Education.]

Bust of George Peabody, facing the left.

THE PEOPLE OF THE UNITED STATES TO GEORGE PEABODY IN ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF HIS BENEFICENT PROMOTION OF UNIVERSAL EDUCATION.[122]

[Footnote 122: See INTRODUCTION, page viii.]

This is not, properly speaking, a medal, but rather a medallion forming the center of a piece of gold plate, the work of Messrs. Starr and Marcus, goldsmiths, of New York. A female figure, representing Benevolence, leans over the medallion on the right, holding in her right hand a branch of laurel, while with her left she points to the bust of George Peabody. On the opposite side, under a palmetto tree, are two children, the one white, the other a negro, typical of education in the Southern States. The group is placed upon a pedestal of solid gold, in the center of which are the arms of the United States of America in enamel, resting upon two branches, one of oak, the other of laurel. To the right, BENEVOLENCE; to the left, EDUCATION. On the reverse of the pedestal, beneath the medallion, are a globe, books, a map of the United States, a square, a compass, etc., emblems of Art, Science, and Education. This piece of plate is eight inches high, six inches wide, and its depth is an inch and a half. The allegorical figures are modeled and finely chased, and the (p. 422) portrait in the medallion is in alto relievo.

GEORGE PEABODY was born in Danvers, Massachusetts, February 18, 1795. In 1806 he began life as an apprentice to a grocer. He afterward entered into partnership with Mr. Elisha Riggs, in Baltimore, and when the latter retired from business, in 1830, he became the head of the house; in 1843 he settled in London as a banker. In 1852 he gave $200,000 for the foundation of a free library and educational institute in Danvers; and in 1857 he founded in Baltimore the Peabody Institute, to which he gave $1,000,000. He also contributed, at various times, $2,500,000, for the amelioration of the condition of the London poor. The freedom of the city of London was presented to him, and Queen Victoria offered him a baronetcy or the grand cross of the Order of the Bath, both of which honors he respectfully declined. Her Majesty then wrote him a private letter of thanks, and sent him, in March, 1866, a beautiful miniature portrait of herself. During a visit to America, in 1867, he made a gift of $2,000,000 to promote education in the Southern States, for which Congress gave him a vote of thanks and a gold medal; and on April 13, 1868, Massachusetts passed an act changing the name of his native town, Danvers, to Peabody. He returned to England, and died in London, November 4, 1869. A funeral service was performed over his body in Westminster Abbey, November 12; and in December it was, by order of Her Majesty, the Queen of Great Britain, taken on board the iron-clad turret ship-of-war Monarch, Captain Comerell, C. B., V. C. (Knight Companion of the Bath,[123] Victoria Cross), and conveyed to America under escort, by order of President Grant, of the United States screw sloop-of-war Plymouth, Commander Macomb. It was landed in Portland, Maine, January 26, 1870, and was deposited, February 8, 1870, in the memorial church erected to his mother at Peabody, amid an immense concourse of people, among whom were Prince Arthur of England, the governors of Maine and Massachusetts, and numerous deputations. The bronze statue of Mr. Peabody, by Story, erected by the citizens of London behind the Royal Exchange, was unveiled in presence of the Prince of Wales, July 23, 1869.

[Footnote 123: The Most Honorable Military Order of the Bath is composed of three classes:

THE FIRST CLASS: (G. C. B.), to consist of not more than seventy-two KNIGHTS GRAND CROSSES, exclusive of the Sovereign and Princes of the Blood.

THE SECOND CLASS: (K. C. B) KNIGHTS COMMANDERS.

THE THIRD CLASS: (C. B.) COMPANIONS OF THE BATH.]

_____

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS. (p. 423)

Resolution of Congress Voting a Medal to George Peabody.

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: That the thanks of Congress be, and they hereby are, presented to George Peabody of Massachusetts, for his great and peculiar beneficence in giving a large sum of money, amounting to two million dollars, for the promotion of education in the more destitute portions of the Southern and Southwestern States, the benefits of which, according to his direction, are to be distributed among the entire population without any distinction, except what may be found in needs or opportunities of usefulness.

And be it further resolved, That it shall be the duty of the President to cause a gold medal to be struck, with suitable devices and inscriptions, which, together with a copy of these resolutions, shall be presented to Mr. Peabody in the name of the people of the United States.

And further, That a sufficient amount of money to carry this resolution into effect is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.

Approved March 16, 1867.

_____

George Peabody's Gift for Southern Education.

Washington, February 7, 1867.

To Hon. Robert C. WINTHROP, of Massachusetts; Hon. Hamilton FISH, of New York; Right Rev. Charles P. MCILVAINE, of Ohio; GENERAL U. S. GRANT, of the United States Army; Hon. William C. RIVES, of Virginia; Hon. John H. CLIFFORD, of Massachusetts; Hon. William AIKEN, of South Carolina; William M. EVARTS, Esq., of New York; Hon. William A. GRAHAM, of North Carolina; Charles MACALESTER, of Pennsylvania; George W. RIGGS, Esq., of Washington; Samuel WETMORE, Esq., of New York; Edward A. BRADFORD, Esq., of Louisiana; George N. EATON, Esq., of Maryland; and George PEABODY RUSSELL, Esq., of Massachusetts.

Gentlemen: I beg to address you on a subject which occupied my mind long before I left England, and in regard to which one, at least, of you (the Hon. Mr. Winthrop, the distinguished and valued friend to whom I am so much indebted for cordial sympathy, careful consideration, and wise counsel in this matter,) will remember that I consulted him immediately upon my arrival in May last.

I refer to the educational needs of those portions of our beloved and common country which have suffered from the destructive ravages, and the not less disastrous consequences of civil war.

With my advancing years my attachment to my native land has but become more devoted. My hope and faith in its successful and glorious future have grown brighter and stronger, and now, (p. 424) looking forward beyond my stay on earth, as may be permitted to one who has passed the limit of three score and ten years, I see our country united and prosperous, emerging from the clouds which still surround her, taking a higher rank among the nations, and becoming richer and more powerful than ever before.

But to make her prosperity more than superficial, her moral and intellectual development should keep pace with her material growth, and in those portions of our nation to which I have referred, the urgent and pressing physical needs of an almost impoverished people must for some years preclude them from making, by unaided effort, such advances in education, and such progress in the diffusion of knowledge among all classes, as every lover of his country must earnestly desire.

I feel most deeply, therefore, that it is the duty and privilege of the more favored and wealthy portions of our nation to assist those who are less fortunate, and, with the wish to discharge so far as I may be able my own responsibility in this matter, as well as to gratify my desire to aid those to whom I am bound by so many ties of attachment and regard, I give to you, gentlemen, most of whom have been my personal and especial friends, the sum of one million of dollars, to be by you and your successors held in trust, and the income thereof used and applied in your discretion for the promotion and encouragement of intellectual, moral, or industrial education among the young of the more destitute portions of the Southern and Southwestern States of our Union; my purpose being that the benefits intended shall be distributed among the entire population, without other distinction than their needs and the opportunities of usefulness to them.

Besides the income thus derived, I give to you permission to use from the principal sum, within the next two years, an amount not exceeding forty per cent.

In addition to this gift I place in your hands bonds of the State of Mississippi, issued to the Planter's Bank, and commonly known as Planter's Bank bonds, amounting, with interest, to about eleven hundred thousand dollars, the amount realized by you from which is to be added to and used for the purposes of this trust.

These bonds were originally issued in payment for stock in that bank held by the State, and amounted in all to only two millions of dollars. For many years the State received large dividends from that bank over and above the interest on these bonds. The State paid the interest without interruption till 1840, since which no interest has been paid, except a payment of about one hundred thousand dollars, which was found in the treasury applicable to the payment of the coupons, and paid by a mandamus of the Supreme Court. The validity of these bonds has never been questioned, and they must not be confounded with another issue of bonds made by the State to the Union Bank, the recognition of which has been a subject of controversy with a portion of the population of Mississippi.

Various acts of the Legislature, viz.: of February 28, 1842; February 23, 1844; February 16, 1846; February 28, 1846; March 4, 1848, and the highest judicial tribunal of the State have confirmed their validity, and I have no doubt that at an early date such legislation will be had as to make these bonds available in increasing the usefulness of the present trust.

Mississippi, though now depressed, is rich in agricultural (p. 425) resources, and cannot long disregard the moral obligation resting upon her to make provision for their payment. In confirmation of what I have said in regard to the legislative and judicial action concerning the State bonds issued to the Planter's Bank, I herewith place in your hands the documents marked A.

The details and organization of the trust I leave with you, only requesting that Mr. Winthrop may be Chairman, and Governor Fish and Bishop McIlvaine Vice-Chairmen of your body; and I give to you power to make all necessary by-laws and regulations, to obtain an act of incorporation, if any shall be found expedient, to provide for the expenses of the trustees and of any agents appointed by them; and generally, to do all such acts as may be necessary for carrying out the provisions of this trust.

All vacancies occurring in your number by death, resignation, or otherwise, shall be filled by your election, as soon as conveniently may be, and having in view an equality of representation so far as regards the Northern and Southern States.

I furthermore give to you the power, in case two-thirds of the trustees shall at any time, after the lapse of 30 years, deem it expedient, to close this trust, and of the funds which at that time shall be in the hands of yourselves and your successors, to distribute not less than two-thirds among such educational or literary institutions, or for such educational purposes as they may determine, in the States for whose benefit the income is now appointed to be used. The remainder may be distributed by the trustees for educational or literary purposes wherever they may deem it expedient.

In making this gift I am aware that the fund derived from it can but aid the States which I wish to benefit in their own exertions to diffuse the blessings of education and morality. But if this endowment shall encourage those now anxious for the light of knowledge, and stimulate to new efforts the many good and noble men who cherish the high purpose of placing our great country foremost, not only in power, but in the intelligence and virtue of her citizens, it will have accomplished all that I can hope.

With reverent recognition of the need of the blessing of Almighty God upon this gift, and with the fervent prayer that, under His guidance, your counsels may be directed for the highest good of present and future generations in our beloved country,

I am, gentlemen, with great respect, your humble servant, George PEABODY.

_____

Action of the Trustees of the Peabody Gift.

On receipt of the foregoing letter by the Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, the Trustees present in Washington were called upon by him to meet on February 8th, and the letter having been laid before them, the following resolutions, moved by Bishop McIlvaine and seconded by Gov. Aiken, were unanimously adopted:

Whereas: Our countryman and friend George Peabody has, in a letter just communicated to the undersigned, made known his determination, out of a grateful sense of the manifold (p. 426) goodness with which God has prospered his life, and of an earnest desire to promote the best interests of his fellow-citizens, to devote a munificent donation of property for certain most wise and beneficent uses indicated in said letter, and has requested us to take in trust the charge and management of the same, therefore,

Resolved, That the undersigned, being the Trustees assembled in Washington, deeply sensible of the honor conferred on them by a trust of such eminent importance and responsibility, and realizing their dependence upon the guidance and blessing of God to be enabled to discharge its duties with such wisdom and faithfulness as may best secure the benevolent designs of the giver, do hereby accept the office of Trustees of the same, and promise our best exertions in its behalf.

Resolved, That we hereby express to Mr. Peabody our grateful appreciation of the enlarged and unprecedented generosity which, after having bestowed upon the poor of the city of London a bounty that drew forth the admiration of Europe, and after having exceeded the same in his recent return to his native land, in benefactions to institutions of learning and education in the Middle and Eastern States of the Union, has now crowned the whole with this last deed of patriotism and loving kindness, so eminently calculated to bind together the several parts of our beloved country in the bonds of mutual well-doing and regard.

Resolved, That we express to Mr. Peabody our respectful and affectionate prayer that, in the gracious providence of our Heavenly Father, his valuable life may be long spared to witness the success of his benevolent contributions to the happiness of his fellow-citizens in all parts of his native and beloved land, and that many of those whom God has blessed with large possessions may be induced to follow his example of wise and noble employment of wealth for the good of man and the glory of God.

Robert C. WINTHROP, C. MACALESTER, Charles P. MCILVAINE, George W. RIGGS, U. S. GRANT, Gen. U. S. A. Samuel WETMORE, William AIKEN, George N. EATON, William M. EVARTS, Geo. PEABODY RUSSELL.

_____

The Secretary of State to George Peabody.

To Department of State, Mr. George PEABODY, London. Washington, June 23, 1868.

Sir: I have the pleasure to inform you that, pursuant to the resolution of Congress of March 16, 1867, the President has caused to be prepared for presentation to you, in the name of the people of the United States, a gold medal, with suitable devices and inscriptions, in acknowledgment of your munificent donation for the promotion of education in the more destitute portions of the Southern and Southwestern States. This testimonial, (p. 427) together with an engrossed copy of the resolution referred to, will remain in the hands of this department until you shall have communicated to it your wishes with regard to their further disposition.

I have the honor to be, Sir, your obedient servant, William H. SEWARD.

_____

George Peabody to the Secretary of State.

To the Honorable William H. SEWARD, London, Sept 18, 1868. Secretary of State, Washington, D. C.

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication, dated the 23d of June, informing me of the completion of the gold medal prepared pursuant to an act of Congress of March 16, 1867, to be presented to me in the name of the people of the United States, and asking what may be my wishes in regard to its further disposition.

I have heretofore delayed responding to your polite letter from indecision on my part respecting the place to which I should wish to have the esteemed token transmitted, whether to me here, in London, or to the institution bearing my name in South Danvers, which I intend shall be its final resting place; but knowing the uncertainty of life, particularly at my advanced age, and feeling a great desire of seeing this most valued token my countrymen have been pleased to bestow upon me, I beg leave to submit, if compatible with the rules of your department, that the medal with the accompanying documents may be sent to me here, through our legation, when I will endeavor to express myself more fully how highly I esteem the distinguished honor.

I am, with great respect, your humble servant, George PEABODY.

_____

The Secretary of State to George Peabody.

To Department of State, Mr. George PEABODY, London. Washington, October 7, 1868.

Sir: Your letter of the 18th of September has been received. In compliance with the suggestion therein contained the congressional medal is herewith transmitted to Mr. B. F. Stevens, the United States despatch agent at London, with instructions to place the honorable testimonial directly into your own hands. It is hoped that it may receive no injury by the way, and that you may deem it, in design and execution, a not unworthy token of your countrymen's appreciation of your beneficence in the cause of universal education.

I am, Sir, your obedient servant, William H. SEWARD.

_____

George Peabody to the Secretary of State. (p. 428)

To the Honorable 64 Queen Street, Cheapside, William H. SEWARD, London, E. C., January 6, 1869. Secretary of State, Washington, D. C.

Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt, through the United States despatch agent at London, of the case alluded to in your letter of the 7th of October, containing the gold medal, which, pursuant to the resolution of Congress, the President has caused to be prepared for me, together with an engrossed copy of the resolution referred to.

The package arrived in England in November, but owing to my absence from London it was not till the evening of Christmas day that I was enabled to examine its contents in the presence of a circle of my intimate friends.

Of the unsurpassed beauty of the medal, and the excellence of its delicate workmanship, there is but one opinion, and I heartily concur with all who have seen it in appreciating the elegance of its design and the masterly skill of its execution.

Cherishing as I do the warmest affection for my country, it is not possible for me to feel more grateful than I do for this precious memorial of its regard, coming as it does from thirty millions of American citizens, through their representatives in Congress, with the full accord and co-operation of the President.

This medal, together with the rich illuminated transcript of the Congressional resolution, I shall shortly deposit in the Peabody Institution, at the place of my birth, in apartments specially constructed for their safe-keeping, along with other public testimonials with which I have been honored. There I trust it will remain for generations, to attest the generous munificence of the American people in recognizing the efforts, however inadequate, of one of the humblest of their fellow-countrymen to promote the enlightenment and prosperity of his native land.

To you, Sir, individually, I beg to convey the assurance of my profound gratitude for the interest which you have personally manifested on the occasion, and for the cordial manner in which you have consulted my wishes in relation to the transmission of this gracious record of my country's favor.

I have the honor to be, with great respect, your humble servant, George PEABODY.

No. 79. (p. 429) PLATE LXXIX.

March 4, 1869--March 4, 1877.

United States of America. Liberty justice and equality "Let us have peace." [Rx]. On earth peace good will toward men.

PRESIDENT ULYSSES SIMPSON GRANT.

[Eighteenth President of the United States of America.]

Within a wreath of laurel, at the four points of which are shields of the United States of America: UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. LIBERTY JUSTICE AND EQUALITY "LET US HAVE PEACE." Bust of President Grant, facing the right; under it, a calumet of peace and a branch of laurel.

Within a circle composed of thirty-six stars: ON EARTH PEACE GOOD WILL TOWARD MEN 1871. The western hemisphere of the globe resting on implements of husbandry, with the Holy Bible above it and rays behind it.

This medal, though not signed, is by Paquet.

No. 80. (p. 430) PLATE LXXX.

April 14, 1865.

To George F. Robinson. Awarded by the Congress of the United States, March 1, 1871.

GEORGE FOSTER ROBINSON.

[Heroic Conduct.]

TO GEORGE F. ROBINSON. AWARDED BY THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES, MARCH 1. 1871. Bust of Robinson, facing the left; on the coat, four clubs, the badge[124] of the eighteenth army corps, in which he served during the Civil War; above, two crowns, one of laurel and one of oak; on each side, the following: FOR HIS HEROIC CONDUCT ON THE 14. DAY OF APRIL 1865, IN SAVING THE LIFE OF THE HONORABLE WM. H. (William Henry) SEWARD THEN SECRETARY OF STATE OF THE UNITED STATES.

[Footnote 124: During the war the campaign badge was of felt, red for the first division, white for the second, and blue for the third. For dress occasions it was of silver, with the color of the division inserted in the badge. The felt badge was worn on the right side of the hat, the silver one as in the plate. By means of the letters, figures, and badge, any one could tell, at a glance, the army corps, division, brigade, regiment, and company, to which a soldier belonged, and the State from which he came.

After the war Congress passed the following resolution:

Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States in Congress assembled: That all who served as officers, non-commissioned officers, privates, or other enlisted men, in the regular army, volunteer, or militia forces of the United States, during the war of the Rebellion, and have been honorably discharged from the service or remain still in the same, shall be entitled to wear, on occasions of ceremony, the distinctive army badge ordered for or adopted by the army corps or division, respectively, in which they served.

Approved July 25, 1868.]

Secretary Seward lying in his bed, with curtains half drawn; (p. 431) standing at its side, Robinson struggling with Payne, who holds an uplifted dagger in his right hand. G. Y. COFFIN. DES. (designavit.) PAQUET. F. (fecit).

GEORGE FOSTER ROBINSON was born at Hartford, Oxford County, Maine, August 13, 1832. In 1863, he enlisted in the 8th regiment of Maine Volunteers, and was severely wounded at Bermuda Hundred, May 20, 1864. On the night of April 14, 1865, while acting as sick nurse to the Honorable William H. Seward, then secretary of State, at the imminent peril of his life, and at the cost of serious wounds, he saved Mr. Seward from the knife of the assassin Payne. For his heroic conduct on this occasion, Congress voted him five thousand dollars and a gold medal. He was clerk in the Treasury Department, from June, 1865, to August, 1866, when he resigned. He was appointed in December, 1868, to a similar position in the quartermaster-general's office, Washington.

_____

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS.

Resolution of Congress Voting a Medal to George F. Robinson.

Be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, directed to pay to George F. Robinson, late a private in the Eighth Regiment of Maine Volunteers, the sum of five thousand dollars, out of any money in the Treasury of the United States not otherwise appropriated.

SECTION 2. And be it further resolved, That the Secretary of the Treasury be, and he is hereby, directed to cause to be prepared and presented to the said George F. Robinson a gold medal with appropriate devices and inscriptions, commemorative of the heroic conduct of the said Robinson on the fourteenth day of April, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, in saving the life of the Honorable William H. Seward, then secretary of State of the United States, the expense of said medal to be paid out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated.

Approved March 1st, 1871.

The Committee on Foreign Affairs, to whom were referred the (p. 432) resolutions of the legislature of the State of Maine, declaring that the heroic conduct of George F. Robinson, late a private in the Eighth Regiment of Maine Volunteers, in saving the life of Secretary Seward from the knife of an assassin, at the imminent peril of his own life, and at the expense of permanent wounds, should receive public recognition by the Congress of the United States, to the end that his noble deeds may be known and remembered by the American People, and that provision may be made for his future welfare such as right and justice demand, and the generous impulse of a grateful people require, respectfully submit the following report:[125]

[Footnote 125: Reported by Mr. Porter Sheldon, of the Committee on Foreign Affairs.]

That on the 15th day of August, 1863, George F. Robinson enlisted in the Eighth Regiment of Maine Volunteers. On the 20th day of May, 1864, at an attack at Bermuda Hundred, made on General Butler's lines by the rebels, Robinson was wounded very severely in the leg by a canister shot. He was sent to Douglas Hospital in this city, where he lay nearly a year undergoing great suffering from his wound. On the memorable 14th day of April, 1865, although his wound was not then entirely healed, he was detailed from the hospital to act as nurse to Mr. Seward, the Secretary of State, who, it will be remembered, was confined to his bed by serious injuries--a broken arm and jaw. At 10 o'clock that night Robinson was on duty in Mr. Seward's room, when the assassin, Payne, sought that room to murder the feeble, wounded, helpless Secretary, in pursuance of the great conspiracy which ended with filling the whole civilized world with horror. The Secretary was sleeping; the room was darkened. Robinson hearing a disturbance in the hall opened the door; a flood of light streamed on him from the hall. On the threshold stood the athletic assassin, a revolver in one hand and a huge bowie knife in the other. He saw against the wall the wounded, crazed Assistant Secretary, with blood pouring from his wound. He caught the gleam of that terrible knife aimed at his throat; instinctively he struck up at the assassin's arm to ward off the knife, partially succeeded, but received the blow upon his head, and was prostrated to the floor. Bounding over him, Payne rushed on to the bed, and commenced wildly striking with the knife at the throat of the Secretary. Already he had cut the flesh off from one cheek to the bone, and the blood gushed in torrents over the pillow. This soldier, just from the hospital, with his wounded leg not yet healed, enfeebled from his year of suffering and pain, just prostrated to the floor by a blow from that terrible knife, springs to his feet, and without one moment's hesitation, without one moment's thought for himself, save, as he swears, the thought that he must die to save the Secretary; without a weapon of any description, with a bravery never surpassed in the annals of any country, he opposed his naked hands, his wounded and enfeebled body, to the terrible knife of the gigantic and desperate murderer. He seized the assassin just as the deadly knife was about to bury itself in the throat of the Secretary, and then commenced an unequal struggle which seemingly can only end in the death of the brave soldier. Having succeeded in dragging Payne from off the bed, he receives over his shoulder two deep wounds down his back, inflicting injuries from which one side of (p. 433) his face and two fingers of one hand are still partially paralyzed. He received two more wounds under his left shoulder blade, which proved nearly fatal, and received blows about the head and face from the revolver. At last Payne, probably becoming alarmed for his own safety should he spend more time in the house, wrenched himself loose and fled, stabbing a messenger from the State Department on his way down stairs. Disregarding his own desperate wounds, the blood from which was filling his shoes, with the help of Mr. Seward's daughter Robinson placed the insensible and mangled form of the Secretary on the bed from which he had fallen, and re-covering the gashed cheek with its flesh, he placed his fingers on the wounded artery from which Mr. Seward's life was fast passing, and with the same coolness, the same utter self-abandonment, he kept his position, though scarcely able to stand, and believing himself fatally wounded, until relieved by the arrival of the Surgeon-General. After the Secretary's wounds were dressed his own were attended to, and he was the same night carried back to the hospital.

On the 17th day of May following Robinson was honorably discharged from the service. Finding himself unable to labor on a farm, by reason of his wounds, he was obliged to sell his little place for some $1,200, and sought employment as a Government clerk. He is now a clerk in the Quartermaster General's Department, at a salary of $1,200 per year, and has no other means of supporting himself, his wife, and boy, except a pension of $8 per month for wounds received on the field of battle. Robinson is a modest man, of excellent character, and a faithful and efficient clerk.

The committee unanimously recommend the passage of the accompanying joint resolution.

No. 81. (p. 434) PLATE LXXXI.

August 31, 1872.

By Resolution of Congress February 24, 1873.

LOSS OF THE STEAMER METIS.

[For Courage and Humanity.]

A man standing in a boat, a coil of rope under his left arm, directs oarsmen with his right hand to pull for the wreck of the Metis. One of the men is lifting a woman from the sea into the boat. To the right, in the background, a light-house.

BY RESOLUTION OF CONGRESS FEBRUARY 24, 1873. Within a wreath of Oak: TO[126] FOR COURAGE AND HUMANITY IN THE SAVING OF LIFE FROM THE WRECK OF THE STEAMER METIS ON LONG ISLAND SOUND AUGUST 31, 1872. W. & C. BARBER.

[Footnote 126: Blank space for name.]

CHARLES E. BARBER, son of William Barber, chief engraver to the United States Mint, Philadelphia, was born in London, England, in 1840. He came to America with his parents when very young and studied the fine arts in the city of New York. He engraved for the Government of the United States the Metis and John Horn medals.

_____

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS.

Resolution of Congress Voting Medals to Captain Crandall and others.

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States in Congress assembled: That the President of the United States is hereby authorized and requested to cause to be made and presented to each of the following persons such suitable and appropriate medals, as in his judgment shall (p. 435) express the high estimation in which Congress hold the respective merits and services of Captain Jared S. Crandall, Albert Crandall, Daniel F. Larkin, Frank Larkin, Byron Green, John D. Harvey, Courtland Gavitt, Eugene Nash, Edwin Nash and William Nash of the town of Westerly, State of Rhode Island, who so gallantly volunteered to man the life-boat and a fishing boat, and saved the lives of thirty-two persons from the wreck of the steamer "Metis," on the waters of Long Island Sound, on the thirty-first day of August, one thousand eight hundred and seventy-two.

Approved February 24, 1873.

_____

Captain David Ritchie to the Secretary of the Navy.

United States Revenue Steamer Mocassin, To the Honorable Newport, Rhode Island, September 1st, 1872. George S. BOUTWELL, Secretary of the Treasury, Washington, District of Columbia.

Sir: I have the honor to submit the following report of the services rendered by this vessel, her officers and crew to the passengers and crew of the wrecked steamer Metis on the morning of August 30th, 1872.

On the evening of August 29th, while cruising to the westward, weather threatening, ran in for a harbor behind the Stonington breakwater, where we anchored. My glass falling and there being every indication of a storm, I prepared my vessel for it.

At 8 P.M. the gale began, and continued to increase throughout the night from southeast with heavy sea and blinding rain.

At daylight the gale moderated and it stopped raining, the wind hauling by south to westward.

At 9.20 A.M. the first officer of the steamer "Stonington" of the New York and Stonington Line, came alongside, and reported that the steamer "Metis" of the New York and Providence Line, was wrecked off Watch Hill, Rhode Island, the fate of which, together with her one hundred and fifty passengers and crew, was unknown.

I ordered steam as quickly as possible, and at 10.15 A.M. got under way and proceeded to the scene of the disaster, stationing lookouts aloft and upon the house.

I soon descried two boats loaded with helpless men, women and children, near the edge of the surf at Watch Hill Light House, and with great difficulty and danger, on account of the heavy sea, succeeded in getting them on board of the "Mocassin."

I then stood down for the wreck, lowered boats and picked up the living and dead, continuing this sad duty until 3.45 P.M., when night coming on and medical aid being required for those of the rescued who were exhausted, I put the vessel back for Stonington, the nearest port, having no hope of finding any more living persons and seeing no dead bodies remaining afloat. I reached Stonington at 6 P.M. with forty-two rescued persons and (p. 436) seventeen dead bodies which we had recovered from the deep.

Being a stranger in Stonington, I was at a loss to know what I should do with my precious cargo, but at the wharf I met with unexpected aid in the person of Mr. J. P. Bigelow, chief of the Loan Division of the Treasury Department, who, upon my wants being made known to him, procured proper relief, obtaining through Mrs. Bigelow and ladies in the town, clothing and proper care for five women who were rescued in a state of entire nudity. The men rescued were taken charge of by the citizens, who did all in their power to relieve their distress. All the rescued were greatly exhausted, having been in the water several hours.

I take great pleasure in informing the Department of the noble and untiring exertions of 1st Lieutenant Joseph Irish, 2d Lieutenant A. D. Littlefield, Chief Engineer Whittaker, Pilot Joseph Case, Boatswain E. F. R. Denison, and each of the crew in saving life, recovering bodies of the drowned and caring for the sick and wounded.

In the cases of several of the shipwrecked life was apparently extinct, but by the efforts of those on board they were resuscitated. The women were rolled in blankets, and all in our power was done to make them comfortable. Many of the rescued were very weak, and I doubted my ability to get them into port alive.

I was ably seconded in my work of boating by Captain Crandall, light house keeper at Watch Hill, and his noble crew, they having picked up fourteen living and dead.

After the last body had been taken on board a sea caught their boat under this vessel's quarter and split her open.

The boat was the private property of Captain Crandall, who, on beholding her destruction, simply remarked, "She has well paid for herself."

Five of the dead bodies were identified by those saved on board, and when the living women were clothed and brought to identify their friends, a sad scene presented itself, one recognizing a lost husband, another a sister, two men their wives, and one man his two children.

The corpses were all numbered, and together with a description list, were delivered to the authorities of Stonington, a copy of said list being retained on board.

On the morning of the 31st ultimo at daylight, kindly accompanied by J. P. Bigelow, Captain George B. Hull, Superintendent of New York and Providence Steamship Company (one of the rescued), and John McGuire to assist my worn-out officers and men, I again stood for the scene of the wreck and cruised in that vicinity, with lookouts stationed aloft, extending my cruise as far as Block Island. The wind was blowing strong from the northwest and constantly increasing, with a heavy cross sea from the southeast, breaking over and completely covering this vessel.

There being no signs of any bodies floating about, with decks full of water, I stood for Point Judith. Still finding no signs of the wreck, and the sea getting too heavy to lower a boat, I stood for Newport and anchored.

Having found a jewel and pocket-book on board (the property of one of the dead), I turned the same over to Mr. Bigelow, to take them to Stonington for the purpose of identifying corpse marked No. 4.

Trusting that the conduct of the Mocassin, under my command, (p. 437) and the acts of her officers and crew may meet the approval of the Department,

I remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant, David RITCHIE, Captain United States Revenue Marine.

_____

Resolution of Congress Voting Thanks to Captain Ritchie.

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States in Congress assembled: That the thanks of Congress are due, and are hereby tendered to Captain David Ritchie, commanding the revenue steamer Mocassin, and to the officers and men under his command, for their heroic and humane action in saving the lives of forty-two persons from the wreck of the steamer "Metis" on the waters of Long Island Sound, on the morning of the thirty-first of August, eighteen hundred and seventy-two.

Approved January 24, 1873.

No. 82. (p. 438) PLATE LXXXII.

1876.

These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States. [Rx]. In commemoration of the hundredth anniversary, etc.

CENTENNIAL MEDAL.

[Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence.]

THESE UNITED COLONIES ARE, AND OF RIGHT OUGHT TO BE, FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES.[127] A female figure, personifying the United Colonies, is kneeling, with a sword in her right hand, while she points with her left to a constellation of thirteen stars, emblematical of the thirteen original United States. Exergue: 1776.

[Footnote 127: These words occur in the following resolution of the Continental Congress:

IN CONGRESS.

Resolved: That the consideration of the first resolution be postponed to Monday, the first day of July next, and in the meanwhile, that no time be lost in case the Congress agree thereto, that a committee be appointed to prepare a declaration to the effect of the said first resolution, which is in these words: "That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, Free and Independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown; and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved."

Monday, June 10th, 1776.]

IN COMMEMORATION OF THE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE. ACT OF CONGRESS JUNE 1874. America personified as a maiden, coiffed with the Phrygian cap of liberty, girt with a sword, and with the shield of the United States of America by her side, is crowning with laurels two female figures representing Manufactures and Arts. On the platform, 1876.

This medal, though not signed, is by William Barber.

_____

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS. (p. 439)

Act of Congress Authorizing Centennial Medals.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States in Congress assembled: That medals with appropriate devices, emblems and inscriptions, commemorative of the Centennial Anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, be prepared at the mint at Philadelphia for the Centennial Board of Finance, subject to the provisions of the fifty-second section of the coinage act of eighteen hundred and seventy-three, upon the payment of a sum not less than the cost thereof, and all the provisions whether penal or otherwise of said coinage act against the counterfeiting or imitating of coins of the United States shall apply to the medals struck and issued under the provisions of this act.

Approved June 16, 1874.

_____

Official Notice Promulgated by the Centennial Board of Finance.

United States Centennial Board of Finance, Philadelphia, March 24, 1875.

It being deemed essential "that medals, with appropriate devices, emblems, and inscriptions, commemorative of the centennial anniversary of the Declaration of Independence," should be officially issued, the Congress of the United States, by special act, approved June 16, 1874, directed the same to be prepared at the Mint for the Centennial Board of Finance, subject to the provisions of the fifty-second section of the coinage act of 1873, upon the payment of a sum not less than the cost thereof, and all the provisions, whether penal or otherwise, of said coinage act against the counterfeiting or imitation of coins of the United States shall apply to the medals struck and issued under the provisions of this act. These medals having been prepared and issued are now being sold by the Centennial Board of Finance and its agents, and the profits arising therefrom strictly applied in aid of the preparation for the celebration of the anniversary which the medals commemorate. They are the only medals relating to the great events of 1876, officially issued, and may be readily distinguished from any of the tokens styled Centennial medals and issued by private parties for their individual profit, from the fact that in addition to the designs and other wording, the larger medals have stamped upon them "Act of Congress, June, 1874," and the others, "By authority of the Congress of the U. S."

These official medals are of four kinds: small gilt at $1; large bronze at $2; coin silver at $3; large gilt at $5, or all inclosed in one case at $11. Cautionary notice is hereby given that the Centennial Board of Finance intends to avail itself of the protection and privilege granted by the acts of Congress above mentioned, and that the highly penal provisions for publishing, counterfeiting, or imitating the authorized official medals will be strictly enforced against all infringement and violation.

John WELSH, President Centennial Board of Finance.

Frederick FRALEY, Secretary.

No. 83. (p. 440) PLATE LXXXIII.

1876.

These United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States. [Rx]. By authority of the Congress, etc.

CENTENNIAL MEDAL.

[Hundredth Anniversary of American Independence.]

THESE UNITED COLONIES ARE, AND OF RIGHT OUGHT TO BE, FREE AND INDEPENDENT STATES.[128] A female figure, personifying the United Colonies, is kneeling, with a sword in her right hand, while she points with her left to a constellation of thirteen stars, emblematical of the thirteen original United States. Exergue: 1776.

[Footnote 128: See note 1 under No. 82, page 438.]

BY AUTHORITY OF THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES 1876. Within a wreath of laurel, IN COMMEMORATION OF THE HUNDREDTH ANNIVERSARY OF AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE.[129]

[Footnote 129: The act of Congress in relation to the Centennial Medals, and an official notice promulgated by the Centennial Board of Finance, are given under No. 82, page 438.]

This medal, though not signed, is by William Barber.

No. 84. (p. 441) PLATE LXXXIV.

June 20, 1874.

Life Saving medal of the first class. United States of America. [Rx]. In testimony of heroic deeds, etc.

LIFE SAVING MEDAL OF THE FIRST CLASS.

[Saving Life from the Perils of the Sea.]

LIFE SAVING MEDAL OF THE FIRST CLASS · UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. · Three men in a boat in a heavy sea. One is rescuing a person who has hold of a spar, at the end of which is a block with its sheet. Another is standing, casting a rope, and a third is seated and rowing. In the distance, to the left, is the wreck of a large vessel. PAQUET. F. (fecit).

IN TESTIMONY OF HEROIC DEEDS IN SAVING LIFE FROM THE PERILS OF THE SEA. A female figure, standing, holds in her left hand a wreath of oak, and with her right is preparing to inscribe the name of the recipient on a monument which is surmounted by the American eagle, and to the right of which are a mast, a yard with its sail bent, an anchor, a sextant, and a branch of laurel. Exergue: ACT OF CONGRESS JUNE 20th 1874. PAQUET.

_____

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS. (p. 442)

Act of Congress Instituting Life Saving Medals.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: That the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby directed to cause to be prepared medals of honor, with suitable devices, to be distinguished as Life-Saving Medals of the first and second class, which shall be bestowed upon any persons who shall hereafter endanger their own lives in saving, or endeavoring to save lives from perils of the sea, within the United States, or upon any American vessel: Provided, That the medal of the first class shall be confined to cases of extreme and heroic daring, and that the medal of the second class shall be given in cases not sufficiently distinguished to deserve the medal of the first class: Provided also, That no award of either medal shall be made to any person until sufficient evidence of his deserving shall have been filed with the Secretary of the Treasury and entered upon the records of the Department.

Approved June 20, 1874.

_____

_Lucien M. Clemons, A. J. Clemons, and Hubbard M. Clemons, of Marblehead, Ohio, for rescuing two men from wreck of Schooner "Consuello," in Lake Erie, May 1, 1875. Awarded June 19th, 1876._

Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary, Washington, D. C., June 30th, 1876. To Lucien M. CLEMONS, Esq.,[130] Marblehead, Ohio.

[Footnote 130: Similar letters were written to A. J. Clemons and Hubbard M. Clemons.]

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a life-saving medal of the first-class, which has been awarded to you under authority of the provisions of the seventh section of the Act of Congress, approved June 20, 1874, for the extreme and heroic daring manifested by you in the rescue, under circumstances of peculiar peril and difficulty, of two men from the wreck of the schooner "Consuello," near Marblehead, Ohio, on the 1st of May, 1875.

In sending you this medal it is remarked that it and the two others respectively awarded to your associates in the hazardous undertaking referred to, are the first that have been issued under the provisions of the act above named, and the Department is gratified that the law should commence its operations by honoring and commemorating an action of such distinguished gallantry.

I have the honor to be, Sir, your obedient servant, Charles F. CONANT, Acting Secretary.

_____

_Hugh Beard, James Conley, William Gregory, Charles Danslow, (p. 443) John Dolman, George Lee, Philip Murphy, James Munday, James Martin, William Ruffler, Samuel Richards, and William Stewart, members of the crew of the Mersey Docks and Harbor Board; and E. Crabtree, Charles Eddington, William Griffith, James Godfrey, W. Jones, John Dean, James Duncan, James Harvey, Robert Lucas, Thomas Maloney, Charles McKenzie, John Powell, John Robinson, R. J. Thomas, and Henry Williams, members of the crew of the "Royal National Life-Boat Institution," at New Brighton, England, for rescuing persons at the wreck of the American Ship "Ellen Southard" September 27, 1875, at the mouth of River Mersey, Liverpool, England. Awarded February 27, 1877._

Treasury Department, Office of The Secretary, Washington, D. C. March 3d, 1877. To Mr. James MARTIN,[131] Master of the Mersey Docks and Harbor Board Life Boat, Liverpool, England.

[Footnote 131: Similar letters were sent to Hugh Beard, James Conley, William Gregory, Charles Danslow, John Dolman, George Lee, Philip Murphy, James Munday, William Ruffler, Samuel Richards, and William Stewart.]

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a life-saving medal of the first class, which has been awarded to you, under the authority of the provisions of the seventh section of the Act of the Congress of the United States, approved June 20, 1874, for the extreme and heroic daring manifested by you in the rescue, under circumstances of peculiar danger and difficulty, of seventeen persons from the wreck of the American ship "Ellen Southard," on the 27th of September, 1875, at the mouth of the river Mersey, near Liverpool.

It is the first time this nation has had an opportunity to offer to other than its own citizens the medal of the life-saving service, and it is a matter of congratulation that the occasion is more than worthy of the token. No words, it is felt, can do justice to the conduct of the men of the Liverpool life-boat upon the scene of the wreck of the "Ellen Southard," and the fatal disaster which followed the rescue, whereby nine persons belonging to the ship and three of your gallant comrades perished, while it saddens the glory of the deliverance, yet throws into bolder relief the noble courage of the life-boat crew by disclosing the dreadful hazards they dared to encounter. Upon you, as upon each of the survivors, it is my privilege to bestow, in behalf of the United States, this medal, provided by law in grateful recognition of such deeds, and I beg you will accept it with this expression of the appreciation of the gallant conduct it commemorates.

I have the honor to be, Sir, your obedient servant, Charles F. CONANT, Acting Secretary of the Treasury.

_____

To Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary, (p. 444) Mr. John DEAN,[132] Washington, D. C., March 3, 1877 Member of the crew of the Life-Boat of the Royal National Life-Boat Institution at New Brighton, England.

[Footnote 132: Similar letters of the same date were sent to E. Crabtree, Charles Eddington, William Griffith, James Godfrey, W. Jones, James Duncan, James Harvey, Robert Lucas, Thomas Maloney, Charles McKenzie, John Powell, John Robinson, R. J. Thomas, and Henry Williams.]

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a life-saving medal of the first class which has been awarded to you, under the authority of the provisions of the seventh section of the Act of the Congress of the United States, approved June 20, 1874, for the extreme and heroic daring manifested by you in the rescue, under circumstances of peculiar danger and difficulty, of eight persons from the wreck of the American ship "Ellen Southard," at the mouth of the river Mersey, near Liverpool.

In transmitting this offering to you, as to each member of the crew of the Life-Boat of the Royal National Life-Boat Institution stationed at New Brighton, it is proper to remark that it is the first time an opportunity has arisen for bestowing the medal of the life-saving service of this country upon subjects of a foreign nation. It was the fortune of your crew to arrive upon the scene of disaster after the Liverpool life-boat men had effected a deliverance, and been in turn subjected to a dreadful casualty, whereby nine of the persons they had rescued and three of their own number were drowned: and the remaining eight persons from the vessel and the twelve men of the Liverpool crew, clinging to the capsized boat in a fearful sea, owe their lives to you and your comrades. The extreme jeopardy and hardships you encountered upon the occasion of their rescue are deeply appreciated, and, in behalf of the United States, I beg you to accept this testimonial, provided by law in recognition of such deeds of bravery and compassion. In sending it, allow me to add the expression of the sense of the gallantry and the devotion to high human duty which marked the conduct of yourself and of your comrades upon the occasion under notice, and of the assurance that each member of your crew, in his own person, by this deed of valor and mercy, confers fresh and just honor upon the great name of England.

I have the honor to be, Sir, your obedient servant, Charles F. CONANT, Acting Secretary of the Treasury.

_____

Report of the United States Life-Saving Service.

Treasury Department, To the Honorable United States Life-Saving Service, LOT M. MORRILL, Washington, D. C., November 30, 1876. Secretary of the Treasury, Washington, D. C.

Sir: - - - - -

AWARDS OF MEDALS.

During the year three life-saving medals of the first class and two of the second class have been awarded under the provisions of the act of June 20, 1874. The medals of the first class were (p. 445) bestowed upon Messrs. Lucien M. Clemons, Hubbard M. Clemons, and A. J. Clemons, of Marblehead, Ohio, three brothers, who displayed the most signal gallantry in saving two men from the wreck of the schooner Consuelo, about two miles north of that place, on May 1, 1875. It appears from the evidence of the transaction that the schooner, which was heavily laden with blocks of stone, was seen by a number of spectators on the shore laboring in apparent distress in the passage between Kelley's Island and Marblehead, the sea at the time being tremendous and the wind blowing a gale from the northeast, when her cargo of stone blocks, which had been left upon rollers, thereby causing the disaster, suddenly shifted, and the vessel at once capsized and went down. Five of her crew immediately perished; but the remaining two succeeded in getting a hold in the cross-trees of the mainmast, which were above water, where they clung for nearly an hour. It was then that the three heroic brothers took a small flat-bottomed skiff, twelve feet long, three feet wide, and fifteen inches deep, the only boat available on the coast, and leaving their weeping wives and children, who formed a part of the watching group of forty or fifty persons on the shore, went out in this frail shell to the rescue. The venture was, in the judgment of the lookers-on, several of them old sailors, hazardous in the extreme, but after nearly an hour's hard struggle with the waves, the Clemons brothers gained the wreck and delivered the two exhausted men from their perilous position in the rigging. With the added burden in their skiff they were then unable to make the shore, but remained for a long time tossing about upon the high sea in momentary danger of destruction, when fortunately they were descried by a steam-tug at Kelley's Island, which came to their assistance. Under these circumstances the medals of honor awarded them must be considered justly due to their self-forgetful heroism.

The medals of the second class were given to Messrs. Otis N. Wheeler and John O. Philbrick, in recognition of their services in saving the lives of two men wrecked on Watts' Ledge, on the coast of Maine, on Tuesday, the 30th of November, 1875. It appears that Mr. Wheeler happened to see at 9 o'clock in the morning, from the window of a house on Richmond Island, a man standing on the ledge, which is about a quarter of a mile distant, waving his hat as a signal of distress, and called on Mr. Philbrick, the only other man on the island, to assist in rescuing him. The wind was blowing a gale from the northwest, the ocean was rough and covered with vapor, and the weather was very cold, being at sunrise 16° below zero. The two life-savers went out in a dory, one rowing and the other making thole-pins for the pull back, there being but one pair. Arrived at the ledge, they found there two men, one lying at length on his side, where he had resigned himself to death, and got them with considerable difficulty into the dory, great care being necessary to prevent the boat being stove on the sharp rocks on account of the dashing of the sea upon the ledge. The return was effected with two pairs of oars, the second set of thole-pins being finished, and involved a hard pull dead to windward.

The men saved were badly frozen. They had been on the ledge since 9 o'clock of the night preceding, and at high tide, which was during the night, had stood in a foot and a half of water, which is the height to which the sea rises at that time over the highest point of the rock. When they were taken off they were almost helpless, and probably could not have survived an hour longer. Their boots had to be cut off; their feet and hands (p. 446) kept for hours in cold water; great blisters which puffed up two and three inches high on their extremities were opened with a knife, and they were put to bed in a forlorn condition. Mr. Wheeler then took the dory and rowed two miles dead to windward with extreme difficulty, the wind blowing very hard, and the sea feather-white with foam, till he reached Cape Elizabeth, where he purchased rum, liniment, corn-meal and coffee. He got back to the island about dark, bringing with him Mr. Andrew J. Wheeler. The rescued men were then in great suffering; and rum, gruel and coffee were administered to them, and their feet, hands, and heads bathed in liniment and rum. They were constantly and tenderly cared for by Messrs. Wheeler and Philbrick, assisted by Mr. Andrew J. Wheeler, until Thursday noon following, when they were taken off the island by the revenue-cutter Dallas.

The active and steadfast humanity of Messrs. Wheeler and Philbrick, involving such marked labors, hardships and sacrifices in the interest of two poor castaways, can only be recognized, not recompensed, by the medals of honor bestowed upon them. It appears that they also, together with Mr. John N. Wheeler, of Cape Elizabeth, were subjected to considerable pecuniary loss on account of supplies and medicaments furnished these unfortunate men, clothing and bedding spoiled by the ichor from their sores, and journeys by team to Portland, to notify the Collector of their situation and necessities; and it is matter for deep regret that there is no appropriation available under the law to satisfy claims so intrinsically just, and arising under such circumstances.

Correspondence has been received from the Honorable the Secretary of State in relation to aid rendered by English life-boat crews to the crew of the American ship Ellen Southard, including a dispatch from the American consul at Liverpool, dated October 16, 1875, recommending recognition of the gallantry of these crews upon that occasion, and suggesting that this might take the form of a medal for each one of the members thereof. It appears that the Ellen Southard was wrecked by stranding on Sunday, the 26th of September, 1875, in a furious gale and frightful sea, at the mouth of the river Mersey. The ship soon began to break up, and unavailing efforts to construct a raft were made by her officers and men, who remained in extreme peril during the whole night. The next morning, news of the disaster having reached Liverpool, the life-boat belonging to the Mersey Docks and Harbor Board, and the life-boat stationed at New Brighton, of the Royal National Life-boat Institution, came to the rescue. The Liverpool boat arrived in advance of the other, and, after much difficulty and danger, succeeded in taking off all the persons on the wreck, seventeen in number, including the pilot. A few moments after, while all on board were congratulating themselves upon the fortunate escape, a terrific wave, which appeared, as averred by the deposition of some of the survivors, to be as high as a house, threw the life-boat entirely over, and eight of those belonging to the ship, including the captain and his wife, the pilot, and three of the fifteen life-boat men, making twelve persons in all, were drowned. The life-boat, which appears not to have been of the self-righting variety, remained bottom upward, and after struggling in the water for a considerable time, the survivors, being twelve of the life-boat crew and eight of the crew of the ship, managed to get on to her, where they clung for about an hour in great peril, when the New Brighton life-boat arrived and took them on board.

This melancholy disaster sets in the strongest relief the (p. 447) gallant devotion of the crews of the two English life-boats, all the members of which risked their lives, while three of them died in the brave effort to save our countrymen. The sorrow that must be felt for those who perished in this manly endeavor is tempered with satisfaction that the terms of the law permit us to bestow upon their living comrades in the enterprise the fitting tokens of our appreciation; and gold medals of the first class have been awarded to the twenty-seven survivors, and will be struck as soon as possible.

- - - - - I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. I. KIMBALL, In charge of life-Saving Service.

_____

_Colonel J. S. Crosby, U. S. Consul at Florence, Italy, for rescuing the life of Miss Edith May, and endeavoring to rescue the late Miss Adele Hunter, and Mr. W. T. Garner and his wife, at the sinking of the Yacht "Mohawk," in New York Harbor, July 20, 1876. Awarded June 8, 1877._

To Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary, COLONEL J. SCHUYLER CROSBY, Washington, D. C., June 30, 1877. United States Consul, Florence, Italy.

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a life-saving medal of the first class, and which has been awarded to you, under authority of the provisions of the seventh section of the Act of Congress approved June 20, 1874, for the extreme and heroic daring manifested by you in saving the life of Miss Edith May, and endeavoring to rescue the late Miss Adele Hunter and Mr. William T. Garner and his wife, under the circumstances of peculiar peril and difficulty which attended the sinking of the yacht "Mohawk," on the 20th of July, 1876.

The sorrowful catastrophe of that day will not soon be forgotten, and will be all the more remembered for the noble manhood it called into action. The vessel sank within four minutes. In that brief time you saved one life from the sinking cabin. There you re-entered, and remained until submerged, engaged in the desperate and heroic efforts to save the others, escaping yourself finally only by swimming upward through the broken sky-light, guided by the faint light shed from the above through the water. In sending you this medal, the highest recognition of your conduct which the Government can give, it is felt that no words can add distinction to the splendid gallantry which the token seeks to commemorate and honor.

I have the honor to be, Sir, very respectfully, John SHERMAN, Secretary.

_____

Carl Fosberg, for endeavoring to save the late Miss Adele Hunter (p. 448) and Mr. William T. Garner and his wife, at the sinking of the Yacht "Mohawk," in New York Harbor, July 20, 1876. Awarded June 8, 1877.

To Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary, Mr. CARL FOSBERG, Washington, D. C., September 22, 1877. Quartermaster, Yacht "Madeleine," Care of Commodore John S. Dickerson, No. 29 Cliff Street, New York.

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a life-saving medal of the first class, which has been awarded to you, under authority of the provisions of the seventh section of the Act of Congress approved June 20, 1874, for the extreme and heroic daring manifested by you in endeavoring to rescue the late Miss Adele Hunter and Mr. William T. Garner and his wife, under circumstances of peculiar peril and difficulty, which attended the sudden sinking of the yacht "Mohawk," on the 20th of July, 1876.

It is regretted that, owing to the inability of the Department to discover your address, the medal could not sooner be forwarded. In now sending it to you I recur to the circumstances of the conduct it is intended to recognize and commemorate. The record shows that the "Mohawk" sank within four minutes. During that time and when the vessel was on her beam ends, you rushed down into her cabin, where Colonel Crosby was already, and remained there with him until the cabin was almost filled with water, engaged in devoted though unavailing efforts to extricate the unfortunate ladies from the furniture which had fallen upon them, and escaping finally only by swimming upward through the broken skylight, guided by the faint light which penetrated the water. It must be noted that you were not bound by any tie of friendship or kindred to those you tried to rescue, and that you were not impelled by any consideration of reward, but solely by the gallant instincts of manhood. Language has no power to add distinction to heroism like yours, but in sending you this medal, which is the highest tribute to your conduct that the Government can bestow, it is a satisfaction to be able to express the feeling that in men like you the traditional nobility of the sailor is preserved.

Very respectfully, John SHERMAN, Secretary.

_____

Report of the United States Life-Saving Service.

Treasury Department, To the Honorable United States Life-Saving Service, John SHERMAN, Washington, D. C., November 29, 1877. Secretary of the Treasury, Washington, D. C.

Sir:

- - - - - AWARDS OF MEDALS.

Two life-saving medals of the first class, and six life-saving medals of the second class, have been awarded during the year under the provisions of the act of June 20, 1874.

The medals of the first class were awarded to Colonel J. (p. 449) Schuyler Crosby, of New York, at this date the American consul at Florence, and Carl Fosberg, a seaman belonging to the yacht Mohawk, in recognition of their extraordinary gallantry upon the occasion of the sudden sinking of that vessel in New York Harbor on the afternoon of the 20th of July, 1876. The horror which this dreadful catastrophe diffused for days through New York and its environs was only relieved by their action, which revealed some of the noblest traits of the human soul. The Mohawk was the largest and costliest of the fleet of pleasure vessels belonging to the New York Yacht Club. She was the property of Mr. William T. Garner, a wealthy merchant of New York, residing near New Brighton, Staten Island, and was sumptuously furnished and appointed. On Thursday afternoon (July 20, 1876) she lay at her anchorage in New York Bay, off Stapleton, Staten Island. At about half past three o'clock Mr. Garner arrived on board with a party of friends, consisting of Mr. Gardiner G. Howland, Mr. Louis B. Montant, Colonel J. Schuyler Crosby, Mr. Frost Thorne, together with Mrs. Garner, Miss Adele Hunter, and Miss Edith May, arrangements having been made for a sail down the bay. The day had been somewhat dark and cloudy, with occasional squalls and showers, and at the time of the company coming on board a thunder-storm was rising in the southwest, of which no other notice was taken by the guests than to retreat into the cabin from the already dropping rain. The order had been given by Mr. Garner to get under way, and under the direction of the sailing-master, Rowland, the anchor had been lifted from the bottom, but was still in the water, and all the working sails were set except the flying-jib. The neighboring craft, of which there was a number, had all taken in sail, and the men upon the decks waited to see how the Mohawk would behave in the coming squall. At that moment although there was hardly a breath on deck, a wind smote the upper sails, and the sailing-master gave orders to let go the fore-sheet, the jib-sheets, and the fore-topsail. The order had only been obeyed in respect to the fore-topsail, when the squall struck the yacht with such fury that she careened, and lurched violently to port.

There was an instant tumult of cries, and the gentlemen rushed up on deck from the cabin. In a moment the vessel was on her side with the water pouring over the rail. While she was going over, Mr. Garner and Colonel Crosby hurried back into the cabin to save the ladies. Miss May was far over on the port side as they entered, and Colonel Crosby, calling to her to get out as quickly as possible, met her half way as she came across, got her to the companion-way, where he pushed her up to Mr. Howland and Mr. Montant, and sprang back into the cabin. The bravery of this action will be realized when it is stated that the water was then pouring down the companion-way in a steady stream. To enter the filling cabin down this narrow way, in a vessel keeled over on her side and rapidly sinking, seemed certain death. This Colonel Crosby did, and with equal courage, the seaman Fosberg rushed in with him. The scene in the cabin was frightful. The rich and heavy furniture had shifted, and Mrs. Garner and Miss Hunter were caught and pinioned by it against the sideboard. Mrs. Garner was screaming and her husband was making frantic efforts to release her and her companion, by throwing off the heavy articles which held them down. In these endeavors Colonel Crosby and Carl Fosberg desperately joined, pulling away the furniture and handing it up to Mr. Montant and Mr. Howland, who threw in (p. 450) out on deck. The water, meanwhile, continued to pour in and the cabin rapidly filled. Although nearly submerged, the three men never stopped their perilous work while it could be continued. Their labors were, however, ineffectual, and were ended by the sinking of the vessel. It was only four minutes from the moment she capsized till she went down. Mr. Garner was drowned, clinging to his wife, whom he would not leave. Colonel Crosby and Carl Fosberg, toiling to the last second, were engulfed, and nearly lost their lives. Swallowed by the flood in the cabin, they only escaped by swimming upward, guided by the faint light shed through the water from the broken skylight. The aperture was fortunately large enough to enable them to pass through, and they reached the surface, and were picked up by one of the many boats which at once began to gather around the sunken vessel.

The yacht sank so rapidly that Miss May, after being saved by Colonel Crosby from the cabin, was again placed in the greatest danger. She had not instantly quitted the vessel, being advised to remain by Mr. Montant, who, with Mr. Howland, was engaged in throwing the cabin furniture out on deck from the companion-way. Consequently, when the vessel went down, they were all three caught between the companion-way and the furniture, which was now washed back into the cabin, and were completely covered by the rushing flood. Fortunately, Miss May had her arm outside the companion-way, which prevented her from being swept back into the cabin, and Mr. Montant, in his struggles, losing hold of her, she was enabled to swim, and with a few strokes gained the surface of the water, coming up near Mr. Howland, who supported her till they were picked up by a boat from a neighboring yacht. Mr. Montant also escaped, though unhappily he did not long survive the shock of the disaster.

The gold medals of the life-saving service have never been awarded more deservedly than in this instance. It was no common courage and humanity that impelled these two brave men to plunge within the sinking vessel, where in the half darkness, amidst the confusion of huddled furniture and rushing water, they strove for the lives of the unfortunate victims. The perfect behavior of the one in his manful efforts for his friends is matched by the action of the other in imperilling his life for strangers. Writing of him to the department, Colonel Crosby expresses a true feeling, the utterance of which adds new honor to his own conduct, in these words: "Too much cannot be said in favor of this man, who was governed simply by his own brave instincts rather than the hope of any reward. Nor did he have friendly or loyal considerations to prompt him to risk his own life, which he did by remaining to the last moment on board."

It deserves to be stated in this connection that Mr. Carl Fosberg completed his gallantry by his modesty. After the affair in which he behaved so well, he kept out of the way. When reporters sought him he hid. It was with difficulty, and after some time, that he could be found to give him the medal to which his conduct had entitled him.

The life-saving medals of the second class were bestowed upon six men who, at the risk of their own lives, saved a crew of nine persons from the wreck of the bark Tanner. This vessel, bound for Buffalo with a cargo of wheat, stranded about ten o'clock (p. 451) on the night of September 9, 1875, on the beach south of the harbor of Milwaukee. A severe northeast gale was prevailing, and the vessel being submerged in about 20 feet of water, her captain and crew were forced to take to the rigging, where they remained all night, with the heavy sea breaking over them. At daylight the captain jumped into the sea, and in the effort to gain the shore was drowned. The unfortunate crew remained in the utmost peril, one of the masts of the sunken vessel having fallen, and the vessel herself fast going to pieces. Their rescue was ineffectually attempted by the revenue-steamer Johnson, aided by the tug F. C. Maxon. It was finally accomplished toward noon of that day (September 10, 1875) by the following contrivance: A scow held by a long line from a steam-tug was allowed to drift down near the wreck, and a yawl-boat, similarly held to the scow, was let down still nearer. The men in the rigging then dropped one by one into the water and were picked up by those in the yawl, which was then drawn up with its burden to the scow, which in turn was drawn to shore. The six men referred to manned the yawl and scow, volunteering for this difficult and hazardous duty. Their names were Henry M. Lee, N. A. Petersen, Barnt Oleson, Anton Oleson, Henry Spark, and John McKenna. The skill and daring they displayed in the task of deliverance won hearty applause from many spectators, and fully entitled them to the recognition expressed by the medals awarded them.

The twenty-seven gold medals, mentioned in the last report as having been awarded to the crew of the life-boat of the Royal National Institution, and the twelve survivors of the crew of the Mersey Docks and Harbor Board life-boat, in recognition of their efforts to rescue the persons on board of the American ship Ellen Southard, wrecked at the mouth of the river Mersey, near Liverpool, on September 26, 1875, efforts which cost three of the life-boatmen their lives, have since been struck, and delivered to the members of the respective crews. The presentation took place on the 16th of April, 1877, at the Town Hall, in Liverpool, the proceedings being attended by a large number of corporation officials, officers of mercantile associations, the principal American merchants in Liverpool, and most of the masters of American ships in port. The deputy mayor of Liverpool presided, and the affair assumed the gratifying character of an ovation to the brave recipients of the medals, and was also the occasion for cordial and enthusiastic references, on the part of the distinguished gentlemen at the meeting, to the action of our government in the matter, which met with a suitable response from General Fairchild, the American consul at Liverpool, who was also present. The same cordial spirit appeared in the comments which the occasion elicited from the English press.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant, S. I. KIMBALL, General Superintendent.

_____

Philip C. Bleil, of the Metropolitan Police force of New York (p. 452) City, for rescuing, at different times, several persons from drowning, from November, 1876, to June, 1877. Awarded January 4. 1878.

To Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary, Mr. PHILIP C. BLEIL, Washington, D. C., January 15, 1878. Patrolman, New York Metropolitan Police, New York City.

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a life-saving medal of the first class, which has been awarded to you under authority of the Act of Congress approved June 20, 1874, in recognition of your services in rescuing from drowning, at the peril of your own life, six persons, on as many occasions, since 1875.

The papers in your case, transmitted to the Department, show that in twelve other instances you rescued persons from drowning. It is regretted that as these rescues were effected prior to the date of the Act of June 20, 1874, they cannot be recognized and honored by the inscription upon the medal awarded you. It is, however, proper that they should be remembered here, in connection with the six deliverances which the medal aims to commemorate, and that thus due acknowledgment should be made of your gallant record as the preserver of eighteen human lives. No record could be prouder, nor could any give you a better title to the respect and gratitude of your fellow beings. In sending you this token of the public appreciation of your noble courage and humanity, it gives me the truest pleasure to add an expression of my sense of your heroism, together with the hope that you may long adorn the force with which you are connected and the community which must rank you among its worthiest citizens.

I have the honor to be, very respectfully, John SHERMAN, Secretary.

No. 85. (p. 453) PLATE LXXXV.

June 20, 1874.

Life Saving medal of the second class. United States of America. [Rx]. In testimony of heroic deeds, etc.

LIFE SAVING MEDAL OF THE SECOND CLASS.

[Saving Life from the Perils of the Sea.]

LIFE SAVING MEDAL OF THE SECOND CLASS * UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. * A female figure hovering in the air, and saving a man from the deep.

IN TESTIMONY OF HEROIC DEEDS IN SAVING LIFE FROM THE PERILS OF THE SEA. Within a wreath of laurel: ACT OF CONGRESS JUNE 20TH, 1874, and a vacant space for the name of the recipient.

This medal, though not signed, is by Paquet.

_____

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS.[133]

[Footnote 133: The act of Congress instituting this medal is given under No. 84, page 441.]

John O. Philbrick and Otis N. Wheeler of Cape Elizabeth, Maine, for rescuing two men wrecked on Watts' Ledge, Maine, November 30, 1875. Awarded June 23, 1876.[134]

[Footnote 134: See report of the Life-Saving Service, November 30, 1876, No. 84, page 441.]

To Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary John O. PHILBRICK, Esq.,[135] Washington, D. C., July 22, 1876. Cape Elizabeth, Maine.

[Footnote 135: A similar letter was sent to Otis N. Wheeler.]

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a life-saving medal of the second class, which has been awarded to you under authority of the seventh section of the Act of Congress approved June 20, 1874, in recognition of your services in saving the lives of two men who were wrecked on Watts' Ledge, on the coast of Maine, on the 30th of November, 1875.

In sending you this medal, the Department desires to express (p. 454) its sense of the disinterestedness and zeal which marked your gallant conduct in saving the lives referred to.

I have the honor to be, Sir, your obedient servant, Lot M. MORRILL, Secretary.

_____

Henry M. Lee and N. A. Petersen, Barnt Oleson and Anton Oleson, Henry Shark and John McKenna, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, for saving Crew of the Barque "Tanner" on Lake Michigan, September 9, 1875. Awarded June 11, 1877.[136]

[Footnote 136: See Report of the Life-Saving Service, November 29, 1877, No. 84, page 441.]

To Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary, Mr. Henry M. LEE,[137] Washington, D. C., July 31st, 1877. Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

[Footnote 137: Similar letters were sent to N. A. Petersen, Barnt Oleson, Anton Oleson, Henry Shark and John McKenna.]

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a life-saving medal of the second class, which has been awarded to you, under authority of the seventh section of the Act of Congress approved June 20, 1874, in recognition of your services in saving the lives of the crew of the barque "Tanner," consisting of nine men, who were wrecked near the entrance to the harbor of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on the 9th of September, 1875.

The ingenuity, skill and heroic daring displayed by you and your companions in effecting the difficult and dangerous rescue of these men upon the occasion referred to, is felt to merit the highest commendation and to amply justify the award of this medal.

I have the honor to be, Sir, very respectfully, John SHERMAN, Secretary.

_____

Captain Charles H. Smith, of the Light-House Tender "Rose," for rescuing a boy from drowning in the Christiana River, Wilmington, Delaware, September 17, 1877. Awarded November 23, 1877.

To Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary, CAPTAIN CHARLES H. SMITH, Washington, D. C., March 12, 1878. Master Light-House Tender "Rose," Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a life-saving medal of the second class, which has been awarded to you, under authority of the seventh section of the Act of Congress approved June (p. 455) 20, 1874, in recognition of your services in rescuing from drowning, on the 11th of September, 1877, a boy named Thomas Walsh, who had fallen from a wharf at Wilmington, Delaware, into the Christiana river.

The witnesses of the affair testify that you plunged from the deck of your vessel in your clothes and, under circumstances of peculiar danger, seized the drowning lad as he was sinking for probably the last time, handed him up to the people on the wharf, and then swam back to your vessel. In this perilous action your modesty was no less conspicuous than your bravery, and in addition to the pleasure I have in sending you the medal which commemorates your gallant behavior, there is the equal pleasure of knowing that the Department is also honored by such conduct on the part of one of its officers.

Very respectfully, John SHERMAN, Secretary.

_____

Edward Nordall, seaman on board the revenue steamer "Tench Coxe" for rescuing an unknown man from drowning in the Delaware River, June 3, 1877. Awarded November 23, 1877.

Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary, Washington, D. C., March 12, 1878. To Edward NORDALL, Seaman on board the revenue steamer "Tench Coxe," Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a life-saving medal of the second class, which has been awarded to you, under authority of the seventh section of the Act of Congress approved June 20, 1874, in recognition of your services in rescuing an unknown man from drowning in the Delaware river, on the 3d of June, 1877.

The hardy courage and humanity of your action in springing overboard in a squall of violent wind and rain, at the peril of your life, and saving this stranger, cannot fail to be appreciated, and fully deserves the public recognition and esteem which the award of a medal to you, involves. In sending you this testimonial to your brave and humane conduct, I am deeply gratified that it was so well won, and by a seaman of the revenue marine.

Very respectfully, John SHERMAN, Secretary.

_____

_Malachi Corbell, Keeper of Life Saving Station No. 5, District (p. 456) No. 6, for rescuing two men from a capsized boat, near Caffrey's Inlet, North Carolina, November 14, 1875. Awarded November 23, 1877._

To Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary CAPTAIN MALACHI CORBELL, Washington, D. C., March 12, 1878. Keeper of Life Saving Station No. 5, District No. 6, Caffrey's Inlet, N. C.

Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a life-saving medal of the second class, which has been awarded to you, under authority of the seventh section of the Act of Congress approved June 20, 1874, in recognition of your services in saving the lives of Willis Westcott and James Gray, near Caffrey's Inlet, North Carolina, on the 25th of November, 1875.

It appears that these two men were clinging to a capsized boat in a heavy sea, two of their companions having already been drowned, and that you went out to their relief, and succeeded in bringing them to shore in an exhausted condition, at the peril of your own life, your boat being also capsized in the effort. Such an action, as marked by manly energy, courage and humanity, denotes no less the worthy keeper of a Life-Saving Station than a good and gallant man, and I have peculiar pleasure in transmitting to you this medal as the memorial of noble conduct and character.

Very respectfully, John SHERMAN, Secretary.

No. 86. (p. 457) PLATE LXXXVI.

June 20, 1874.

John Horn, Jr. [Rx]. By act of Congress June 20th 1874. In recognition of his heroic exploits, etc.

JOHN HORN, JR.

[Heroic Exploits.]

JOHN HORN, JR. Undraped bust of John Horn, Jr., facing the left. C. BARBER.

BY ACT OF CONGRESS JUNE 20{TH}, 1874. Within a wreath of laurel: IN RECOGNITION OF HIS HEROIC EXPLOITS IN RESCUING MEN WOMEN & CHILDREN FROM DROWNING IN DETROIT RIVER.

JOHN HORN, Jr., was born at Sidmouth, Devonshire, England, September 7, 1843. He was brought when quite young to Detroit, Michigan, where his parents settled, and he is at present engaged with his father in the boat business, they owning one ferry and two tug-boats. He has been living, since 1863, on the dock at the foot of Woodward Avenue, Detroit, opposite Windsor, in Canada West, and the most dangerous place on the river. Since May, 1863, he has saved more than one hundred persons from drowning, distinguishing himself especially during the great fire at the Detroit and Milwaukee railroad depot, on the night of April 11, 1866, when he rescued nine persons from the water. The citizens of Detroit presented him with a gold medal in 1869, and the Congress of the United States of America voted him another in 1874. He is still living.

_____

ORIGINAL DOCUMENTS. (p. 458)

Act of Congress Voting a Medal to John Horn, Jr.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled: That the President of the United States be authorized and directed to cause to be prepared and presented to John Horn, junior, of Detroit, Michigan, a gold medal, with appropriate devices and inscriptions, in recognition and in commemoration of his heroic and humane exploits in rescuing men, women and children from drowning in the Detroit river.

Approved June 20, 1874.

_____

John Horn, Jr., to Moses W. Field.

To the Honorable Moses W. FIELD, Detroit, February 22, 1874. House of Representatives, Washington, D. C.

Dear Sir: I have never desired a public statement of the service which, under God, I have been able to render in saving human life, but as you have asked me to send you a list of the men, women and children whom I have rescued from drowning, I will do so, so far as I can from memory. I have never kept a record of the names, and the number is so great that you will excuse me if I leave some unmentioned.

I think I have altogether saved more than one hundred human beings, but I take no credit about this matter, and I have never regretted doing what I have done in any case, although I have had at times to keep my bed for many weeks on account of the exposure in the cold weather. It is well for me that I had a good mother to take care of me at such times of sickness. On the 21st of May, 1863, I saved Mr. Manning, of Windsor; on the 7th of July, 1865, I saved Mr. George Taylor, of New York State; he was very near dead when I got him on the wharf; October 10, 1865, I saved a child of Mr. T. Gorman of Adrian; she was about five years old, and was near drowned when I got her out; December 12, 1865, I saved a son of Mr. Yates, who kept a clothing store on Jefferson avenue. The night was very cold, a high wind was blowing at the time, and he was very near dead when we reached the wharf.

April 11, 1866, was the worst night I ever had. It will be ever memorable as the night of the great conflagration at the Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad depot, when sixteen poor fellows were drowned. I rescued nine, and then became so exhausted that I could not swim, and had to abandon them to their fate. I got a very bad cold and lay in bed two weeks, but that was nothing in comparison to the good accomplished. July 25, 1866, I saved Mr. Joseph Noble, of Windsor, and I believe you were there at the time. He was once engineer on the Great Western Railroad. (p. 459) You know he came near drowning me in his struggles in the water, at which time I received several internal injuries. April 7, 1867, I saved the son of Mr. C. Meyers, who lived in Mullet street. He was a boy about twelve years old. June 14, 1867, I saved the daughter of Mr. Andrew Nourse, of Cleveland. She was going on board the ferry-boat with her mother and some other ladies, when she fell off the plank. When I got to the wharf she was going out of sight for the last time, and I plunged in and brought her to the surface. September 15, 1867, I saved a colored man who was a deck hand on the propeller Meteor. He kicked me about in the water terribly, for drowning men are always crazy. November 2, 1867, I saved Mr. David Miller, the man who drove a wagon for Hull Brothers, storekeepers on Munroe avenue. May 10, 1868, I saved Mr. Robert Sinton, known as "Free Press Bob." You know he used to be a reporter for the "Free Press." And in his haste to get news, he fell in, and I got him out.

A few nights after that I saved Mr. Steele, who used to keep a store on Michigan avenue. He was on the ferry-boat with his wife; he had a very spirited horse, and was holding him by the head when the boat struck the wharf. The horse jumped and threw him into the river, when the current swept him under the wharf. I jumped in and got him out all right. October 4, 1868, I saved a daughter of Mr. McDonald, of Windsor. May 11, 1869, I saved Mr. Flattery, one of the Flattery Brothers who kept a furniture store on Woodward avenue. He was a heavy man; when I got hold of him he was near gone, and I came near losing my own life in getting him out. June 21, 1870, I saved a man called Mr. George Brodier. I was eating dinner at the time, when some persons came running in after me, saying, "there is a man in the river." I ran out and jumped into the river, and as soon as I got near him he clutched me like a vice and took me under water twice. When I came to the top the last time my father handed me a large pole, which I caught and that saved me. He was a powerful man, and kicked and struggled so hard that he made my legs black and blue for many months.

My mother goes to the edge of the wharf with me very often, when I jump in; but when she sees persons struggling in the water and drowning she never holds me back. August 24, 1871, I saved the daughter of Mr. A. Wilson of Milwaukee. March 4, 1872, I saved a colored man by the name of George Wilkes; he fell off the wharf while under the influence of liquor; but I think he has been a sober man ever since. July 4, 1873, I saved the daughter of Mr. F. Barlow, a butcher, who keeps a stall in the market. She was going on board the ferry-boat Detroit with her mother and some other ladies; the crowd was very great, being the Fourth of July, and although her mother held her by the hand, the crowd surged, and she was crowded off the plank, and fell into the river. There were about five hundred people on the wharf at the time, and they were all staring at the poor girl struggling in the water, not one of them daring to go to her rescue. I was in the house when some one came to give the alarm, and when I got out there I could just see her dress as she was going out of sight, four or five feet below the surface. I jumped in and caught her, and when I got out on the top of the wharf with her the people gave me three cheers. March 6, 1873, I saved a young lady called Miss Louise McKenzie. This was the closest call I (p. 460) ever had for my life. I was in the water about seventeen minutes, and the river being full of floating ice at the time, I was nearer dead than alive when I got out. Four men carried me into the house, and they rubbed me with hot whisky for over four hours before circulation was restored to its normal condition. This severe exposure made me sick, and it was over three months before the right feeling was in my hands.

You will remember this incident, for you came to me when I was unwell. I regret very much at this time I lost the beautiful medal presented me by the citizens, and I think you were one of the gentlemen connected with its presentation. I have been informed that I would receive a medal from the British Parliament, but it has not come. I don't ask any.

I saved a poor unfortunate individual last month, when I took a severe cold, and as I was lying in bed reading the proceedings of Congress, I saw something about an appropriation for medals to persons for saving life on the seashore, and I thought then that some gentleman would be very likely to remember also those who saved life on the northern lakes and rivers. There are many other cases which I don't mention, as I have not got their names. You must know yourself of a great many, as your place of business and warehouse are near by, and I recollect seeing you several times when rescuing people from a watery grave. Wishing you and your family good health, I remain, very truly yours,

John Horn, Jr.

THE END.

[Illustrations: Plates I to LXXXVI]

INDEX. (p. 460)

A

ABERCROMBIE, JOHN JOSEPH, 297. ACADEMY OF INSCRIPTIONS AND BELLES-LETTRES, Paris, xi, xiii, xvi, xix, xx, xxxv, xxxvi, xxxviii, xliv, 2, 9, 40, 49, 97, 112. ACADEMY OF PAINTING AND SCULPTURE, Paris, xli, xliv, xlv, 2. ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Paris, xlv. ACADEMY, ROYAL, Paris, xi, xxiii, xlv. ADAIR, JOHN, 260. ADAMS, DAVID, 321. ADAMS, JOHN, 3, 5, 6, 58, 73, 75, 84, 85, 117, 127, 132, 134, 270. ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY, 160, 267, 269, 270. ADDICKS, MR., 346. AIKEN, WILLIAM, 423, 425, 426. AITKIN, MARTIN J., 237. ALARM, Corvette, 303. ALBURTIS, CAPTAIN, 306. ALEXANDER, EDMUND B., 312, 313, 319, 320. ALEXANDER, MAJOR, Tennessee Volunteers, 297. ALFRED, Ship of war, 98. ALLEN, CAPTAIN, Tennessee Volunteers, 294. ALLEN, DOCTOR, 222, 231. ALLEN, FREDERICK P., 237. ALLEN, GENERAL, Kentucky Volunteers, 260, 261. ALLEN, G. W., 285, 297. ALLEN, LIEUTENANT, Tennessee Volunteers, 297. ALLEN, WILLIAM HENRY, 164. ALLIANCE, Ship of war, 99, 101, 102, 104, 106, 108, 112. ALMONTE, JUAN NEPOMUCENO, 313. AMERICAN REPUBLIC, Statue of, 267. AMOUREUX, MR., 112. AMPUDIA, PEDRO DE, 296. ANDERSON, JAMES W., 320. ANDERSON, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, Tennessee Volunteers, 297. ANDERSON, SAMUEL S., 326, 329. ANDRÉ, JOHN, MAJOR, 37, 38, 39. ANDREWS, COLONEL, Voltigeurs, 328. ANDREWS, GEORGE P., 326, 329. ANDRIEU, BERTRAND, x, 266. ANGOULÊME, DUKE D', Medal, 267. ANTROBUS, MR., 370, 371. APPLING, DANIEL, 235, 237. APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE, 371. ARCHER, MR., 15, 19, 21. ARGUS, Brig of war, 137, 141, 142, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149. ARIEL, Schooner, 178, 179, 180, 261. ARMISTEAD, LIEUTENANT, 328. ARMS OF THE UNITED STATES, 113, 115. ARMSTRONG, ADJUTANT, 297. ARMSTRONG, LIEUTENANT, Revolution, 33, 35. ARMSTRONG, LIEUTENANT, War of 1812, 21. ARMSTRONG, JOHN, 205, 208, 211, 214, 227, 231, 234, 255, 256. ARMSTRONG, MAJOR, of North Carolina, 53. ARMY MEDAL OF HONOR, 368, 369. ARNOLD, BENEDICT, 10, 26, 37, 38, 39, 41, 49. ARTHUR, PRINCE OF GREAT BRITAIN, 422. ARTIMESIA, Schooner, 357. ASH, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, of North Carolina, 53. ASPINWALL, THOMAS, 213, 214, 228. AUGUSTA, Ship of war, 26. AUGUSTE, M., 124, 125. AULICK, JOHN H., 308, 309, 310. AUSTIN, CAPTAIN, 206, 207, 211. AUSTIN, MAJOR, 213. AUSTRIA, EMPEROR OF, Medal, 267, 357, 359. AVERILL, HENRY K., 237. AYLWIN, J. C., 158.

B

BABBITT, MR., 277. BACKUS, ELECTUS, 293. BADGE, CAMPAIGN, 430. BAINBRIDGE, HENRY, 297. BAINBRIDGE, JOSEPH, 138, 139. BAINBRIDGE, WILLIAM, 143, 150, 166, 170, 188, 249. BAIRD, ABSALOM, 403. BAKER, EDWARD DICKENSON, 312. BAKER'S CREEK, BATTLE OF, 385. BALDWIN, LIEUTENANT, 308. BALDWIN, MIDSHIPMAN, 192. BALL, COLONEL, 34. BALL, LIEUTENANT COLONEL, 250, 261, 262, 263, 264. BALLARD, ADJUTANT, 213. BANCROFT, DR., 112. BANKHEAD, JAMES, 308. BANKS, NATHANIEL PRENTISS, 376, 381. BANNEVILLE, MARQUIS DE, xlix. BARBER, C., 457. BARBER, CHARLES E., 434. BARBER, WILLIAM, 29, 418, 419, 434. BARBOUR, PHILIP N., 294. BARCLAY, R. H., 176, 180, 183. BARCLAY, THOMAS, 129. BARLOW, F., 459. BARNARD, CAPTAIN, Voltigeurs, 328. BARREAULT, CAPTAIN, 129. BARRON, JAMES, 164. BARRON, SAMUEL, 142, 143, 146, 149, 154. BARRY, WILLIAM TAYLOR, 260. BARTHÉLÉMY, ABBÉ, xii, xiv, xxxvi, xxxvii, xxxix, xl, xliii, 119. BASHAW OF TRIPOLI, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147. BASTILLE, TAKING OF THE, Medal, 266. BATEMAN, SMITH, 237. BATES, ADJUTANT, 217. BATH, ORDER OF THE, 422. BAXTER, LIEUTENANT COMMANDER, New York Volunteers, 321. BAYLOR, CYRUS A., 273. BEALE, PURSER, 192. BEAN, ENSIGN, 221. BEAN, HUGH, 443. BEAUREGARD, PIERRE GUSTAVE TOUTANT, 316, 323, 325, 334, 381. BEEDLE, LIEUTENANT COLONEL, 213. BELKNAP, WILLIAM GOLDSMITH, 221, 231, 285, 298, 343, 346. BELMONT, BATTLE OF, 371. BELTON, LIEUTENANT, 231. BELTON, LIEUTENANT COLONEL, 318. BENHAM, HENRY W., 346. BENJAMIN, CALVIN, 329, 331. BENN, ENSIGN, 230. BENNINGTON, BATTLE OF, 10. BERMUDA HUNDRED, BATTLE OF, 431, 432. BETOUW, J. IN DE, 63. BIDDLE, CHARLES JOHN, 328. BIDDLE, JAMES, 162, 249, 250, 251, 252. BIDDLE, THOMAS, 211, 228, 229, 230. BIG BLACK BRIDGE, BATTLE AT, 385, 386, 391. BIGELOW, J. P., 436. BIGGER, CAPTAIN, 217. BILLARDERIE D'ANGEVILLER, COUNT DE LA, xlv, xlvi. BIRD, GUSTAVUS A., 237. BIRD, LIEUTENANT, 230. BIRDSALL, CAPTAIN, 229, 231. BISHOP'S PALACE, Monterey, 291, 292, 295. BISSEL, LIEUTENANT, 213. BISSELL, WILLIAM H., 338, 340, 345. BLAIR, FRANCIS PRESTON, JR., 382, 383, 384, 385, 401. BLAKE, ENSIGN, 230. BLAKE, JACOB E., 286. BLAKE, LIEUTENANT, Navy, 138. BLAKELEY, JOHNSTON, 200, 201, 202. BLANC, CHARLES, xxii. BLEIL, PHILIP C., 452. BLEISWIJK, P. V., 84, 85. BLISS, WILLIAM WALLACE SMITH, 285, 298, 299, 346, 347. BLOSSOM, ELISHA, 173. BLYTHE, SAMUEL, 173, 174, 175. BLOUNT, GOVERNOR, 243. BLOUNT, THOMAS, 53. BONAPARTE, NAPOLÉON, 41, 267. BONHOMME RICHARD, Ship of war, xxviii, xlviii, 97, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 112. BONNE CITOYENNE, Ship of war, 186, 187. BOOTH, LIEUTENANT, 162. BOREEL, W., 63, 71. BOSTON, TAKING OF, xi, xxii, xxviii, xxxv, xxxvi, xxxix, xlvii, xlviii, xlix, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 277. BOUILLÉ, GÉNÉRAL DE, 24. BOULTON, MATTHEW, xxxi. BOUTWELL, GEORGE S., 435. BOWDOIN COLLEGE, 351. BOWEN, ISAAC, 297. BOWEN, JOHN S., 392. BOWLES, COLONEL, Indiana Volunteers, 338, 345. BOWMAN, LIEUTENANT, 220, 231. BOYD, HANNIBAL, 187. BOYD, JOHN PARKER, 272. BOXER, Brig of war, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 181, 202. BRADDOCK, EDWARD, 3, 9, 41. BRADFORD, CAPTAIN, 35. BRADFORD, CAPTAIN, 213. BRADFORD, EDWARD A., 423. BRADFORD, MAJOR, Mississippi Volunteers, 345. BRAGG, BRAXTON, 292, 294, 295, 297, 338, 340, 341, 342, 344, 397, 401, 404, 405. BRANDYWINE, BATTLE OF THE, 14, 23, 26, 49. BRANNON, COLONEL, 43. BRANT, ENSIGN, 213. BRENT, THOMAS L., 344. BREVOORT, CAPTAIN, 179. BRINOT, LIEUTENANT, 213. BRIT, ABBREVIATION OF, ON BRITISH COINS, 171. BRODIER, GEORGE, 459. BROGUE, COUNT DE, 117. BROGLIE, DUKE OF, 116. BROGLIE, MARSHALL DE, 117. BROKE, PHILIP BOWES VERE, 186. BROOKE, GEORGE MERCER, 212, 213, 216, 217, 221, 232. BROOKES, CAPTAIN, 44. BROOKS, BARTEMUS, 237. BROOKS, CAPTAIN, 237. BROOKS, HORACE, 326, 329. BROOKS, JOHN, 177, 179. BROOKS, MASTER, 142. BROOKS, WILLIAM T. H., 316. BROTIER, ABBÉ, xxxvi, xxxvii, xxxix, xl, xliii. BROWN, FORT, 234. BROWN, JACOB, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 214, 216. BROWN, LIEUTENANT, 217. BROWN, LIEUTENANT, 23d Regiment, 221, 231. BROWN, MAJOR, 284. BROWN, ORLANDO, 348. BROWN, S. N., 354, 355, 357, 358. BROWNE, CAPTAIN, 53. BROWNLOW, ACTING-LIEUTENANT, 252. BROUGHTON, CAPTAIN, 228, 230. BRUFF, J. GOLDSBOROUGH, 418, 419. BRUM, SAILING-MASTER, 192. BRYAN, FRANCIS T., 344. BUCHANAN, CAPTAIN, 43. BUCHANAN, JAMES, 304, 361, 362. BUCKNER, SIMON BOLIVAR, 373, 374, 401. BUEL, CAPTAIN, 217. BUELL, DOCTOR, 413. BUENA VISTA, Battle Of, 281, 299, 304, 317, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347. BUNKER HILL, 4. BURBANK, JOHN G., 284. BURGESS, MR., 346. BURGOYNE, JOHN, xxii, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 86. BURKE, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 413. BURKE, MARTIN J., 320. BURNET, MAJOR, 35. BURNETT, COLONEL, New York Volunteers, 321. BURNSIDE, AMBROSE EVERETT, 395, 397, 398, 399, 404, 405. BURR, MAJOR, 217. BURROWS, WILLIAM, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175. BURY, LIEUTENANT, 202. BUTLER, BENJAMIN F., 432. BUTLER, PIERCE M., 321. BUTLER, THOMAS, 20. BUTLER, WILLIAM ORLANDO, 290, 292, 293, 296, 297. BUTTERWORTH, MR., 299. BUTTLER, CAPTAIN, 259, 260. BUSH, W. S., 154, 158, 159. BUSHNELL, CHARLES I., xxix. BUSHNEL, LIEUTENANT, 19th Regiment, 221. BUSHNELL, LIEUTENANT, 21st Regiment, 231. BUSKIRK, COLONEL, 34, 35.

C

CADWALADER, GEORGE, 315, 316, 317, 319, 324, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331. CALDWELL, JAMES R., 136, 141. CALDWELL, MAJOR, Voltigeurs, 328. CALDWELL, SAMUEL, 260, 261. CALEDONIA, Brig of War, 154, 180. CALHOUN, LIEUTENANT, Mississippi Volunteers, 297. CALMES, MARQUIS, 261, 262, 263, 264. CAMDEN, BATTLE OF, 9. CAMP, MAJOR, 207. CAMPBELL, HUGH F., 149. CAMPBELL, JOHN B., 207. CAMPBELL, LIEUTENANT, 345. CAMPBELL LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 53, 55. CAMPBELL, WILLIAM B., 297. CANALIZO, GENERAL, 313. CANTINE LIEUTENANT, 221. CANTY, WILLIAM, 331. CAPITOL AT WASHINGTON, 270. CAPRON, E. A., 320. CARDEN, JOHN, 163, 164. CAREY, MATTHEW, xxxiv. CARLETON, SIR GUY, 12. CARLIN, WILLIAM P., 402. CARMICK, DANIEL, 243. CARR, EUGENE A., 380, 385. CARR, SAILING-MASTER, 202. CARROLL, WILLIAM, 241. CASE, JOSEPH, 436. CASEY, SILAS, 327, 328. CASS, LEWIS, 256, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264. CASSIN, STEPHEN, 190, 191, 195, 196. CATLETT, CAPTAIN, 34. CATHERINE II, EMPRESS OF RUSSIA, 98. CAZENEAU, CAPTAIN, 4. CENTENNIAL MEDALS, 438, 439, 440. CERF, Ship of War, 99, 100, 101, 102. CERRO GORDO, BATTLE OF, 225, 304, 305, 311, 312, 313, 332. CHADBOURNE, THEODORE L., 284. CHADS, LIEUTENANT, 169. CHALMERS, J. M., 60. CHAMBERS, JOHN, 260. CHAMBERS, MAJOR, 273. CHAMBERS, MAJOR, 4th Regiment of Rifles, 213. CHAMILLARD, COLONEL DE, 100, 103, 105, 107, 108. CHAMPION'S HILL, BATTLE OF, 385. CHAMPLAIN, LAKE, VICTORY OF, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196, 233, 236. CHAMPLIN, STEPHEN, 179. CHANDLER, E., 321. CHANDLER, J. G., 413, 416. CHAPMAN, CAPTAIN, 345. CHAPMAN, WILLIAM, 328. CHAPMAN, MR., 277, 288, 289. CHAPULTEPEC, BATTLE OF, 225, 304, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 332, 333, 334, 371. CHARLES X, KING OF FRANCE, 267. CHARLESTON, OCCUPATION OF, 14. CHARTRES, DUKE DE, 6. CHASE, CAPTAIN, 15th Infantry, 328. CHATFIELD, LIEUTENANT, 217. CHATTANOOGA, 370, 371, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405. CHAUMONT, M. DE, 107, 109. CHAUNCEY, ISAAC, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 183. CHESAPEAKE, Frigate, 186. CHEW, T. S., 158. CHICAMAUGA, 400, 401, 402, 403. CHILDS, GENERAL, 258, 260, 262. CHILDS, THOMAS, 230, 285, 286, 312, 313. CHILTON, ROBERT H., 346. CHINA, EMPEROR OF, xix. CHIPPEWA, BATTLE OF, ix, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 215, 219, 223, 224. CHIPPEWAY, Schooner, 180. CHOCTAW NATION, 114. CHUNN, CAPTAIN, 221, 231. CHURCHILL, SYLVESTER, 216, 217, 345, 346. CHURCHILL, WILLIAM H., 285. CHURUBUSCO, BATTLE OF, 225, 304, 305, 317, 318, 320, 330, 332, 333, 334. CINCINNATI, ORDER OF THE, 13, 15. CITTERS, W. VAN, 64. CISSNEY, ENSIGN, 231. CISSNEY, LIEUTENANT, 221. CLAIBORNE, LIEUTENANT, 300. CLARK, F. G., MIDSHIPMAN, 301, 302. CLARKE, JOHN, 178, 179. CLARKE, MAJOR, 33, 34, 35. CLARKE, NEWMAN S., 318, 319, 327, 328, 329, 330. CLAXTON, ALEXANDER, 162. CLAXTON, THOMAS JR., 177. CLAY, HENRY, JR. 342, 343. CLEMONS, AI J., 442, 445. CLEMONS, HUBBARD M., 442, 445. CLEMONS, LUCIAN M., 442, 445. CLIFFORD, JOHN H., 423. CLINTON, SIR HENRY, 18. COCHRANE, LIEUTENANT, 284. COFFEE, JOHN, 241. COFFEE, MAJOR, 346. COFFIN, GEORGE, 188. COLUMBIA COLLEGE, 225. COLUMBUS, PAINTING OF, 406. COMSTOCK, C. B., 389. CONFIANCE, Ship of war, 191, 192. CONANT, CHARLES F., 442, 443. CONGRESS, LIBRARY OF, xxviii. CONGRESS, Ship of war, 142. CONLEY, JAMES, 443. CONNER, DAVID, 187, 188, 252, 305, 306, 308. CONNER, PATRICK E., 338, 345. CONSTELLATION, Ship of war, 128, 129, 130, 132, 142, 149, 194. CONSTITUTION, Frigate, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 153, 154, 155, 157, 158, 159, 166, 167, 169, 170, 181, 245, 246, 247, 248. CONSUELO, Schooner, WRECK OF, 442, 445. CONTEE, LIEUTENANT, 159. CONTRERAS, BATTLE OF, 225, 304, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 332, 333, 334. CONWAY, D., 379. COOKE, LIEUTENANT, Mississippi Regiment, 297. COOPER, CAPTAIN, Mississippi Regiment, 297. COOPER, MIDSHIPMAN, 187. COOPER, S., 412. CORBELL, MALACHI, 456. CORNECK, H. D., 170. CORNWALLIS, CHARLES, LORD, xxii, 9, 43, 86, 87, 89, 90. COSZTA, MARTIN, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360. COTTINEAU, CAPTAIN DE, 100, 102, 103, 106, 108. COUCH, DARIUS N., 344. COUDRAY, M. DU, 25. COULSON, SAMUEL, 188. COUNTESS OF SCARBOROUGH, Ship, CAPTURE OF, 108. COWPENS, VICTORY OF THE, xiii, xxi, xxviii, xxxv, xxxviii, xl, xli, xlii, xliii, xliv, xlviii, xlix, 2, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 277. CRABTREE, E., 443, 444. CRAIG, HENRY KNOX, 298, 346. CRAIG, SURGEON, 298, 346. CRANDALL, ALBERT, 435. CRANDALL, JARED S., 434, 435, 436. CRANE, LIEUTENANT, 141. CRAWFORD, LIEUTENANT, 213. CREIGHTON, CAPTAIN, ix, 412, 413. CREIGHTON, MASTER'S MATE, 145. CRITTENDEN, JOHN JORDON, 260. CRITTENDEN, THOMAS L., 346. CROCKER, MARCELLUS M., 384, 385. CROMWELL, LIEUTENANT, 237. CROSBY, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 216, 217. CROSBY, J. SCHUYLER, 447, 448, 449, 450. CROGHAN, GEORGE, 272, 273, 274, 298. CROSS, P. F., 352, 353. CROSSMAN, CAPTAIN, 285. CRUMP, CAPTAIN, 35. CULLUM, GEORGE WASHINGTON, 372. CUMMING, ENSIGN, 221, 230. CUNNINGHAM, MAJOR, 43. CUSHMAN, LIEUTENANT, 230. CYANE, Frigate, 245, 246, 247, 248.

D

DACIER, M., xiii, xvi, xxxiv, xxxvi, xxxix, xli, xlii, xliii. DACRES, JAMES A., 153, 154, 158. DALE, LIEUTENANT, 105. DALE, RICHARD, 163. DALIBA, CAPTAIN, 207. DALRYMPLE, JOSEPH, 188. DANA, CHARLES A., 397, 398. DANSLOW, CHARLES, 443. DARING, Brig of war, 303. DARTMOUTH COLLEGE, 116, 219. DAVIES, THOMAS ALFRED, 404. DAVIS, CAPTAIN, 346. DAVIS, DANIEL, 216. DAVIS, LIEUTENANT, Rifles, 312. DAVIS, JEFFERSON, 297, 338, 344. DAVIS, JEFFERSON C., 401. DAYTON, WILLIAM LEWIS, xlvii, xlviii, xlix, 1. DEAN, JOHN, 443, 444. DEARBORN, HENRY, 224. DECATUR, JAMES, 136, 138, 140. DECATUR, STEPHEN, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 147, 149, 154, 163, 164, 165, 186, 189, 246. DEDEM, F. G. VAN, 84, 85. DELAPIERRE, AID DE-CAMP, 217. DENHON, SERGEANT-MAJOR, 230. DENISON, E. F. R., 436. DENMONS, CAPTAIN, 208. DENT, JOHN HERBERT, 138, 139, 142, 144, 146. DEPUIS, M., xliii. DEPUY, M., xxxvi, xxxix. DERBY, GEORGE H., 312. DE RUSSY, RENÉ E., 237. DES BREQUIGNY, M., xxxvii, xl. DESHA, JOSEPH, 258, 259, 260, 262. DETROIT, Brig of war, 154. DETROIT, Ship of war, 180. DETROIT, SURRENDER OF, 261. DEXTER, SAMUEL, 113. DICKENSON, CAPTAIN, 249, 251. DICKENSON, LIEUTENANT COLONEL, South Carolina Volunteers, 306, 321. DICKERSON, JOHN S., 448. DICKINSON COLLEGE, 361. DILWORTH, RANKIN, 294. DIMICK, JUSTIN, 316, 320. DIPLOMATIC MEDAL, xxix, xxx, 41, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126. DIX, ROGER S., 346. DOBBIN, ADJUTANT, 217. DOBBIN, COLONEL, 210. DOBBIN, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 216, 217, 218. DOBBINS, LIEUTENANT, 3d Infantry, 284. DOLMAN, JOHN, 443. DONALDSON, JAMES LOWRY, 297, 342, 344. DO-NE-HO-GÀ-WA (GENERAL E. S. PARKER), 114. DONELSON, FORT, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375. DORSEY, JOHN SWORD, 136, 141. DOUGLAS, GEORGE, 245, 246, 248. DOUGLASS, LIEUTENANT, 230. DOWNIE, GEORGE, 189, 193, 195. DOWNING, CAPTAIN, Mississippi Volunteers, 297. DOX, MAJOR, 217. DRUM, SIMON H., 317, 324, 326, 329, 331. DRUMMOND, COLONEL, 228, 229. DRUMMOND, GORDON, 214, 227. DRUMMOND, LORD, 4. DUBUT, CAPTAIN, 303. DUDLEY, COLONEL, 261. DUMBAR, DERK, 60. DUMONT, AUGUSTIN, xxx. DUNHAM, MAJOR, 217. DUNCAN, JAMES, 443, 444. DUNCAN, JAMES, Army, 285, 286, 287, 318, 319, 330. DUNCAN, JOSEPH, 273. DUNCAN, SILAS, 190, 191. DUPRÉ, AUGUSTIN, x, xvi, xix, xx, xxi, xxii, xxix, xxx, xxxiii, xli, xliv, xlv, 1, 7,40, 41, 49, 86, 93, 95, 118, 119, 122, 123, 124. DUPRÉ, NARCISSE, xvi, xxx, xxxiii, 122. DUQUESNE, EXPEDITION AGAINST FORT, 3, 9. DUSENBURY, MR., 346. DUVIVIER, JEAN, 2. DUVIVIER, PIERRE SIMON, x, xxi, xxiii, xlv, xlvi, xlvii, 1, 2, 7, 22, 46, 48, 118.

E

EAGLE, Brig of war, 191, 192, 193, 194. EASLEY, THOMAS, 320. EASTMAN, SETH, 352, 353. EATON, AMOS B., 298. EATON, GEORGE N., 423, 426. EATON, J. H., 346. ECKFELDT, GEORGE, xxviii, 277. ÉCOLE DES BEAUX ARTS, Paris, xxx. EDDINGTON, CHARLES, 443, 444. EDMONDS, CAPTAIN, 53. EDSON, CAPTAIN, 306. EDWARDS, LIEUTENANT, 179. ELDER, WILLIAM, xxvii. ELLEN SOUTHARD, Ship, WRECK OF, 443, 446, 451. ELLIOT, CAPTAIN, 217. ELLIOT, COLONEL, 273. ELLIOT, JESSE DUNCAN, 154, 177, 179, 181, 182, 183, 184, 264. ELLIS, SALATHIEL, 304, 349, 361, 366, 406. EMUCKFAW, BATTLE OF, 238. ENDYMION, Frigate, 303. ENGELHARD I. A., 70. ENGHEIN, DUKE D', Medal, 267. ENGLAND, TREATY OF PEACE WITH, 94. ENOTOCHOPCO, BATTLE OF, 238. ENTERPRIZE, Brig of war, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 181, 201. ENTERPRIZE, Schooner, 137, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, 149. ÉPERVIER, Brig of war, 197, 198, 199. ERIE, BATTLE OF, 203, 204, 211, 212, 213, 214, 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232. ERIE, FORT, 154, 183, 205, 211, 212, 213, 216, 227, 228. ERIE, LAKE, VICTORY OF, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 183, 184. ESPIÈGLE, L', Brig of war, 188. Essex, Ship of war, 135. ESTAING, COUNT D', xix, 26, 27. EUTAW SPRINGS, VICTORY OF, xxviii, xxxv, xxxvii, xxxix, xlviii, 2, 47, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55. EVARTS, WILLIAM M., 423, 426. EVERETT, DOCTOR, 222, 231. EVERETT, Medal, 362. EVERIST, ETHAN, 237. EWELL, RICHARD S., 321. EWELL, LIEUTENANT, Rifles, 312. EWING, HUGH, 401. EXHIBITION, UNIVERSAL, of 1855, 267.

F

FAGEL, H., 63, 64. FAIRCHILD, GENERAL, 451. FALCON, GORDON, 246, 248. FANNING, CAPTAIN, 228, 229, 230. FARQUESON, R., 2d Tennessee Volunteers, 312. FEBIGER, CHRISTIAN, 20. FIDDENS, F., 70. FIELD, CYRUS WEST, 418, 419, 420. FIELD, GEORGE P., 294. FIELD, H. B., CAPTAIN, 412. FIELD, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, Kentucky Volunteers, 345. FIELD, MOSES W., 458. FILLMORE, MILLARD, 114, 304, 349. FISCHER, COLONEL, 220. FISH, HAMILTON, xxviii, 423, 425. FISHBOURN, WILLIAM, 16, 19, 21. FISHER, JOSHUA FRANCIS, xxix. FLAG, FIRST AMERICAN NAVAL, 98. FLAG OF THE UNITED STATES, 8. FLAGG, AZARIAH C., 237. FLATTERY, MR., 459. FLEMING, CAPTAIN, 217. FLEMING, LIEUTENANT COLONEL, 216. FLEURY, FRANÇOIS TEISSEIDRE DE, ix, x, xi, xv, xxiii, xxviii, xxxv, xlvi, xlviii, 2, 15, 19, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27. FONTAINE, LIEUTENANT, 230, 231. FOOT, LIEUTENANT, 230. FOOTE, ANDREW HULL, 373. FORREST, MIDSHIPMAN, 179. FORSYTH, CAPTAIN, 33, 35. FOSBERG, CARL, 448, 449, 450. FOSTER, EDMUND, 228, 230. FOSTER, WILLIAM S., 229. FOSTER, JOHN G., 323. FOURTEEN MILE CREEK, SKIRMISH, 381, 382, 391. FOWLER, LIEUTENANT, 5th Infantry, 284. FRALEY, FREDERICK, 439. FRANCE, FORMER MONEYS OF, 125. FRANCE, FORMER WEIGHTS OF, 125. FRANCE, NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF, Tribute to Franklin, 95, 96. FRANCE, NATIONAL ASSEMBLY OF, Tribute to John Paul Jones, 98. FRANCE, OFFENSIVE AND DEFENSIVE TREATY WITH, 93, 94. FRANCE, TREATY OF COMMERCE WITH UNITED STATES, x, 266, 267, 268, 269. FRANKLAND, CAPTAIN, 303. FRANKLIN, BENJAMIN, x, xi, xiv, xv, xxii, xxxiv, xxxv, 1, 41, 86, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 99, 277, 278. FRANKLIN, WILLIAM B., 346. FRAZER, LIEUTENANT, 213, 217. FREMONT, SEWALL L., 413, 416. FRENCH, SAMUEL G., 344. FRIESLAND, RESOLUTIONS OF, CONCERNING JOHN ADAMS, 58, 64. FROLIC, Sloop of war, 154, 160, 161, 162, 181, 249. FRY, MAJOR, 2d Kentucky Volunteers, 345. FULLER, DOCTOR, 222, 231. FUNK, LIEUTENANT, 154, 165. FÜRST, MORITZ, xxiv, 160, 166, 171, 174, 176, 183, 185, 189, 193, 195, 200, 203, 215, 219, 223, 224, 226, 233, 238, 245, 249, 253, 254, 265, 270, 271, 275, 277.

G

GAINES, CAPTAIN LIEUTENANT, 53, 54. GAINES, EDMUND PENDLETON, 204, 205, 220, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 260. GAINES, J. P., Kentucky Volunteers, 323, 325, 334. GALE, DOCTOR, 222, 231. GALT, MAJOR, 2d Artillery, 318. GAMBLE, PETER, 190, 192. GANSON, MAJOR, 217. GANTT, LEVI, 329. GARDNER, CAPTAIN, 413. GARDNER, CHARLES K, 206, 207, 208, 211, 213. GARDNER, MAJOR, 4th Artillery, 317, 320. GARLAND, JOHN, 285, 292, 293, 294, 297, 318, 319, 330. GARNER, WILLIAM T., 447, 448, 449, 450. GARNER, MRS WILLIAM T., 449. GARNETT, ROBERT SELDEN, 298, 346. GARNIER, ABBÉ, xliii. GASCOIGNE, MR., 170. GATES, COLLINSON R., 284. GATES, HORATIO, x, xl, xiii, xvi, xxx, xxxv, xxxvi, xxxvii, xxxviii, xxxix, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 41, 48, 150, 277. GATES, WILLIAM, 413, 416. GATTEAUX, M., xxx. GATTEAUX, NICOLAS MARIE, x, xxi, xxiii, xxx, xlv, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 28. GAVITT, COURTLAND, 435. GAYRARD, RAYMOND, x, 266, 267. GEARY, JOHN W., 396, 397, 400, 402. GENERAL GREENE, Sloop of war, 176. GEORGE, LAKE, 12. GEORGE WASHINGTON, Frigate, 166. GERMANTON, BATTLE OF, 14, 26, 48, 49. GIBBONS, LIEUTENANT, 15, 19, 21. GIBBS, SIR SAMUEL, 241. GIBSON, JAMES, 212, 213, 216. GILES, EDWARD, 42, 44. GILLET, R. H., 349. GIRARD, M., 27. GLADDEN, MAJOR, South Carolina Volunteers, 321. GLASBUCH, BARON DE, 44. GLEASON, LIEUTENANT, 231. GODFREY, JAMES, 443, 444. GOODELL, LIEUTENANT, 213. GOODMAN, J. B., 321. GORDON, LIEUTENANT, 144. GORHAM, SERGEANT MAJOR, 3d Artillery, 414. GORMAN, MAJOR, Indiana Volunteers, 339, 341. GORMAN, T., 458. GRAHAM, LORIMER, 321. GRAHAM, MIDSHIPMAN, 192. GRAHAM, RICHARD H., 297. GRAHAM, WILLIAM A., 423. GRAHAM, WILLIAM M., 319. GRAND GULF, ATTACK ON, 379. GRANGER, GORDON, 404, 405. GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON, viii, 114, 362, 370, 371, 372, 373, 374, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 422, 423, 426, 429. GRANVILLE, Privateer, 99, 101. GRASSE, COUNT DE, xix, 87, 89. GRAY, JAMES, 456. GRAYSON, JOHN B., 323, 325, 334. GREEN, BYRON, 435. GREEN, ENSIGN, 230. GREEN, MARTIN E., 391. GREENE, NATHANIEL, x, xi, xiii, xvi, xvii, xviii, xxi, xxviii, xxxv, xxxvi, xxxvii, xxxviii, xxxix, xli, xlv, xlviii, 2, 7, 9, 30, 41, 42, 46, 48, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 150, 277. GREENE, QUARTERMASTER, 217. GREENLEAF, LIEUTENANT, 140. GREGORY, WILLIAM, 443. GREGG, JOHN, 382. GRIFFITH, ADJUTANT, Mississippi Volunteers, 345. GRIFFITH, SERGEANT, 21st Iowa Volunteers, 387. GRIFFITH, WILLIAM, 443, 444. GRIERSON, BENJAMIN H., 390. GRONINGEN, RESOLUTION OF, CONCERNING JOHN ADAMS, 61, 69. GUELDERLAND, RESOLUTION OF, CONCERNING JOHN ADAMS, 62, 70. GUERRIÈRE, Frigate, xxiv, 153, 154, 158, 181, 188, 202.

H

HADDEN, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 2d Indiana Volunteers, 345. HAGEN, W. B., 395. HAGNER, PETER V., 323, 326, 329, 334. HALE, W. P., LIEUTENANT, 2d Tennessee Volunteers, 312. HALL, CAPTAIN, 140. HALL, LIEUTENANT, 221, 230. HALL, MAJOR, 213, 217, 229. HARRIDEN, MR., 140. HAMBLETON, S., 179, 180. HAMER, THOMAS L., 290, 296, 297. HAMILTON, PAUL, 155, 157, 159, 161, 164. HAMILTON, SCHUYLER, 323. HAMMOND, RICHARD P., 329. HAMPTON, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 53, 54. HANCOCK, JOHN, 4, 5, 10. HANDY, CAPTAIN, 33, 34, 35. HANSON, CHARLES, 317. HARDCASTLE, EDMUND L. F., 318, 323, 334. HARDEN, COLONEL, 52. HARDIN, JOHN J., 338, 340, 342, 343. HARDING, CAPTAIN, 228, 230. HARDMAN, MAJOR, 53. HARNEY, WILLIAM SELBY, 312, 313, 315, 317, 321. HARRIS, CAPTAIN, 206, 231. HARRISON, CONSUL, 365. HARRISON, FORT, 281. HARRISON, GEORGE, 150, 180. HARRISON, MR., 346. HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY, xxvii, 223, 254, 255 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 272, 273, 276, 277, 278. HART, JOHN, 187. HARVARD COLLEGE, 116, 127, 225. HARVEY, JAMES, 443, 444. HARVEY, JOHN D., 435. HASILWOOD, COMMODORE, 26. HAY, CAPTAIN, 365. HAY, LIEUTENANT COLONEL, 20. HAYES, COLONEL, 240. HAYS, COLONEL, 43. HAYS, COLONEL, Texas Volunteers, 291. HAZLITT, ROBERT, 294. HEARLAN, SERGEANT-MAJOR, Mississippi Volunteers, 297. HEBERT, PAUL O., 329. HEECKEREN, D. J. VAN, 84, 85. HEIMAN, ADJUTANT, Tennessee Volunteers, 297. HENDERSON, JAMES PINCKNEY, 290, 292, 295, 296. HENDERSON, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 53, 54. HENLEY, JOHN, 139. HENLEY, ROBERT, 190, 191, 193, 194. HENRY, FORT, 372. HENRY, WILLIAM, 258, 260, 262. HENRY, WILLIAM SEATON, 297. HÉRISSANT, LA VEUVE, xlv, xlvi. HERRON, FRANCIS J., 389, 391. HETT, LIEUTENANT, Ohio Volunteers, 294. HILL, C. J., LIEUTENANT, 2d Tennessee Volunteers, 312. HILLYER, WILLIAM S., 373. HINDMAN, MAJOR, 205, 207, 209, 211, 213, 228, 229, 230. HITCHCOCK, ASSISTANT-SURGEON, 345. HITCHCOCK, ETHAN A., 323, 325, 334. HOE, CAPTAIN, 5th Infantry, 284. HOFFMAN, G., 1st Artillery, 320. HOLDING, LIEUTENANT, 213, 222. HOOKER, JOSEPH, 297, 329, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 401, 402, 403, 404. HOLLAND AND WEST FRIESLAND, RESOLUTION OF, CONCERNING JOHN ADAMS, 59, 65. HOLMES, GOVERNOR, 243. HOLTZHEY, JOHN GEORGE, 57, 58, 74. HOLTZHEY, MARTIN, 58. HOORN, T. VAN, 70. HOPKINS, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 216, 217. HOPKINS, STEPHEN, 3. HORACE, quoted, 86, 185. HORN, JOHN, 434, 457, 458, 460. HORNET, Sloop of war, 181, 185, 186, 187, 188, 249, 250, 251, 252. HOSKINS, CHARLES, 294. HOUDON, JEAN ANTOINE, xxi, xlv, 7, 97, 112. HOUSTON, THOMAS TRUXTON, JR., 128. HOVEY, ALVIN P., 380, 383, 384, 385. HOWARD, CAPTAIN, 346. HOWARD, JOHN EAGER, x, xi, xii, xvii, xxiii, xxviii, xxxv, xxxvii, xxxviii, xl, xlvii, xlviii, xlix, 2, 41, 42, 43, 48, 49, 53, 277. HOWARD, LIEUTENANT, 297. HOWARD, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 321, 328, 330. HOWARD, OLIVER OTIS, 396, 397, 399, 400, 401, 402, 404. HOWE, MAJOR-GENERAL, 17. HOWE, SIR WILLIAM, 11, 12. HOWELL, LIEUTENANT, 364. HOWLAND, GARDINER G., 449, 450. HUBBARD, MAJOR, 217. HUGER, BENJAMIN, 323, 324, 326, 329, 334. HULL, CAPTAIN, 213, 217. HULL, GEORGE B., 436. HULL, ISAAC, xxiv, 133, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 172, 173, 188. HULL, MAJOR, 231. HULL, WILLIAM, 20, 260. HUMBOLDT, Medal, 362. HUMPHREYS, DAVID, xi, xiii, xvi, xvii, xxxiv, xxxv, xxxvi, xxxvii, xxxviii, xl, xli, 2, 6, 7, 13, 88. HUMPHRIES, G. C., 304. HUNTER, ADELE, 447, 448, 449. HUNTER, Brig of war, 180. HUNTER, CAPTAIN, 273. HUNTER, JAMES, 273. HUNTINGTON, SAMUEL, xi, 109. HURLBUT, STEPHEN AUGUSTUS, 390. HUSSAR, Brig of war, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360. HYRNE, MAJOR, 52, 55, 56. HYSLOP, LIEUTENANT-GENERAL, 168, 169.

I

INDEPENDENCE, DECLARATION OF, 93, 134. INDIAN PEACE MEDALS, xxvi, 113, 114, 151, 152, 160, 277, 278. INDUS, Ship of war, 365. INGE, ZEBULON M. P., 284. INGERSOLL, LIEUTENANT, 213. INGERSOLL, CAPTAIN, 213. INGRAHAM, DUNCAN NATHANIEL, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360. INSURGENTE, L', Ship of war, 129. INTREPID, Ketch, 144, 147, 148, 163, 186, 189, 246. IRISH, JOSEPH, 436. IRONS, I. F., 319. IRVINE, DOCTOR, 35. IRWIN, CAPTAIN, 323, 325, 334. IRWIN, DOUGLAS S., 294. ISABELLA THE CATHOLIC, ROYAL AMERICAN ORDER OF, 267. ISRAEL, JOSEPH, 136, 147, 148. IZARD, GEORGE, 234. IZARD, RALPH, 144.

J

JACKSON, ANDREW, 160, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244, 271, 275, 353. JACKSON, LIEUTENANT, 329, 330. JACKSON, MISSISSIPPI, CAPTURE OF, 382, 383, 391. JACQUEMART, ALFRED, xxxiii. JACQUEMART, JULES, xxxiii. JAMES, GENERAL, 208. JAMESON, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 38. JAMESTOWN, Ship of war, 364. JARGES, T., 70. JARVIS, JAMES, 129, 131. JAVA, Frigate, 166, 167, 168, 169, 177, 181, 188, 202. JAY, JOHN, xiv, vii, xviii, Xix, xxxiv, 3, 27, 56, 117. JEFFERSON, R., xxviii. JEFFERSON, THOMAS, xvii, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, xxiv, xxv, xxvi, xxxiii, xxxv, xli, xlii, xliii, xliv, xlv, 1, 2, 6, 7, 13, 40, 95, 96, 97, 99, 111, 112, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 127, 133, 134, 135, 136, 151, 152. JEOFFROY, M., 267. JESSUP, THOMAS SIDNEY, 205, 207, 209, 210, 213. JEWETT, LIEUTENANT, 231. JOHN ADAMS, Ship of war, 142, 144, 145, 146, 149, 300. JOHNSON, ANDREW, 362, 410. JOHNSON, COLONEL, 16. JOHNSON, EDWARD, 328. JOHNSON, JAMES, SENECA CHIEF, 114. JOHNSON, JAMES, 260. JOHNSON, RICHARD M., 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260. JOHNSON, RICHARD W., 403. JOHNSTON, BENJAMIN, 273. JOHNSTON, CAPTAIN, Ohio Volunteers, 297. JOHNSTON, JOSEPH ECCLESTON, 312, 382, 383, 386, 389, 390. JOHNSTONE, JOHN P., 317. JOHNSTONE, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, Voltigeurs, 328. JONES, ASSISTANT ADJUTANT-GENERAL, 209. JONES, ENSIGN, 221, 230. JONES, GENERAL, 98. JONES, JACOB, 154, 160, 161, 162. JONES, JOHN PAUL, x, xix, xx, xxi, xxviii, xlii, xliii, xliv, xlv, xlviii, 2, 41, 97, 112. JONES, MAJOR, 207, 211, 213, 231. JONES, SIR WILLIAM, 90. JONES, W., 443, 444. JONES, WILLIAM, 172, 178, 182, 186, 191, 198, 201. JORDAN, CHARLES D, 284. JOSÉPHINE, EMPRESS, Medal, 266. JOUY, BARBET DE, xxxiii. JUDD, CAPTAIN, 413, 415. JUSTIN, JOSHUA, 192.

K

KANE, ELISHA KENT, viii, xxvii. KEALLY, ENSIGN, 230. KEAN, JOHN, xxvi. KEANE, LORD JOHN, 241. KEARNY, PHILIP, 317, 321. KELLETT, COMMODORE, 365. KELLOGG, MAJOR, 217. KELTON, J. C., 375, 394. KENNEDY, CAPTAIN, 217. KENNEDY, COMMANDER, 364. KEISER, J. H., 70. KER, CAPTAIN, 285, 287. KETCHUM, CAPTAIN, 210. KILBURN, LIEUTENANT, 340, 344. KIMBALL, GENERAL, 389. KIMBALL, S. I., 447, 451. KING, WILLIAM, 258, 260, 261. KINGSBURY, CHARLES P., 346. KING'S MOUNTAIN, BATTLE OF, 265. KINNEAR, DOCTOR, 365. KIRBY, LIEUTENANT, 213, 222. KIRBY, MAJOR, 298, 323, 325, 334. KIRKWOOD, CAPTAIN, 53, 54, 55. KNAPP, CAPTAIN, 217. KNIGHT, MR., 162. KNOX, LIEUTENANT, 15, 19, 21. KNOX, HENRY, 114. KNOXVILLE, SIEGE OF, 397, 398, 404, 405. KUFFELER, JOAN VAN, 84, 85.

L

LABÉDOYÈRE, DE, CAPTAIN, 303. LADY PREVOST, Schooner, 180. LA FAYETTE, MARQUIS DE, xiii, xiv, xix, 26, 94. LAGONE, C. B., 373. LAGRANGE, M., 124, 125. LAMAN, P., 70. LAMB, HENRY, 177, 179. LAMBERT, CAPTAIN, 166, 167, 169, 170, 302. LAMOTTE, JOSEPH H., 297. LANDAIS, CAPTAIN, 100, 101, 102, 108. LANDERO, GENERAL, 309. LANE, COLONEL, Indiana Volunteers, 338, 345. LANE, JAMES HENRY, 338, 340, 344. LANGDON, MIDSHIPMAN, 202. LANGRES, BISHOP OF, 117. LARKIN, DAVID F., 435. LARKIN, FRANK, 435. LARNED, LIEUTENANT, 220, 231. LAUMAN, GENERAL, 389, 390. LAUNAY, M., 267. LAURENS, JOHN, 87. LAWLER, GENERAL, 385. LAWRENCE, Brig of war, 178, 179, 180, 181. LAWRENCE, JAMES, 144, 185, 186, 187, 188. LAWRENCE, MAJOR, 217. LAWSON, SURGEON-GENERAL, 323, 334. LAVAUX, M., 266. LA VEGA, GENERAL, 283, 311. LAY, GEORGE W., 323, 325, 334. LEAR, MAJOR, 297. LEAVENWORTH, HENRY, 207. LE BLOND, ABBÉ, xxxvi, xxxvii, xxxix, xl, xliii. LEE, FRANCIS, 318. LEE, GEORGE, 443. LEE, HENRY, xxiii, xxviii, xxxv, xlviii, 21, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 53, 54, 55. LEE, HENRY M., 451, 454. LEE, LIEUTENANT, 213. LEE, MAJOR, 217. LEE, ROBERT EDMUND, 315, 317, 318, 323, 325, 326, 334, 371. LEGION OF HONOR, 267. LENT, CUTTING, 100. LEONARD, LUTHER, 235. LESSING, PROFESSOR, 406. LEUTZE, EMANUEL, 406. LEVANT, Sloop of war, 245, 246, 247, 248. LEWE, E., 61. LEWE, G., 70. LEXINGTON, Ship of war, 177. LIBERA SOROR MEDAL, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73. LIBERTAS AMERICANA MEDAL, x, xi, xxii, 9, 41, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 277. LIFE-SAVING MEDAL, FIRST CLASS, 441, 442, 443, 444, 445, 446, 447, 448, 449, 450, 451, 452. LIFE-SAVING MEDAL, SECOND CLASS, 453, 454, 455, 456. LIJNDEN, W. C. H., 84, 85. LINCOLN, ABRAHAM, 304, 366, 409, 410. LINCOLN, BENJAMIN, 10, 46. LINCOLN, GEORGE, 343. LINNARD, THOMAS B., 346. LITTLE BELT, Sloop, 180. LITTLEFIELD, A. D., 436. LIVINGSTON, LIEUTENANT, 213. LIVINGSTON, ROBERT R., 58, 72, 90, 91. LLOYD'S COFFEE HOUSE, 132. LOESER, LUCIEN, 413, 416. LOGAN, JOHN ALEXANDER, 380, 384, 385. LONGACRE, JAMES BARTON, 352, 353. LONG, ELI, 402. LONG ISLAND, BATTLE OF, 46. LONGSTREET, JAMES, 328, 397, 398, 400, 401, 404, 405. LOOKOUT MOUNTAIN, 395, 396, 398, 399, 401, 402, 403. LORING, WILLIAM W., 312, 313, 317, 384. LOUIS XVI., KING OF FRANCE, 98. LOUIS XVIII., KING OF FRANCE, 116, 266, 267. LOVELL, MANSFIELD, 329. LOUISA FERNANDEZ, Corvette, 303. LOW, CAPTAIN, ix, 412, 415. LUCAN, quoted, 183. LUCAS, ROBERT, 443, 444. LUCKNER, MARSHAL DE, 24. LUNDY'S LANE, BATTLE OF, 224. LUTHER, ROLAND A., 283, 287. LUZERNE, CHEVALIER, afterward MARQUIS DE LA, xxix, 27, 110, 115, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 124. LUZERNE, COMTE DE LA, 117. LYON, CALEB, 358.

M

MACALESTER, CHARLES, 423, 426. MACCOUN, ASSISTANT-SURGEON, 365. MACDONOUGH, THOMAS, 140, 189, 190, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195, 196. MACEDONIAN, Frigate, 154, 161, 163, 164, 181. MACOMB, ALEXANDER, 204, 205, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237. MACOMB, WILLIAM H., 422. MADISON, JAMES, xxiv, 133, 151, 152, 253. MAGRATH, PURSER, 179. MAGRUDER, JOHN BANKHEAD, 317, 329, 330. MALESHERBES, M., 117. MALMADY, COLONEL, 52, 53. MALONEY, THOMAS, 443, 444. MALTA, GRAND MASTER OF, 91, 92. MANNERS, WILLIAM, 200, 201, 202. MANNING, MR., 458. MANSFIELD, JOSEPH KING FENNO, 291, 292, 298, 346. MARBOIS, M., 117. MARCH, MR., 346. MARCLE, MAJOR, 217. MARCY, WILLIAM LEARNED, xxiv, 288, 305, 307, 309, 311, 315, 323, 325. MARENGO, BATTLE OF, Medal, 266. MARIE LOUISE, EMPRESS, Medal, 266. MARION, FRANCIS, 52, 53, 55. MARSHALL, CAPTAIN, 168, 170. MARSHALL, HUMPHREY, 338, 339, 341, 345. MARSTON, CAPTAIN, 220, 221, 230. M'ARTHUR, DUNCAN, 256, 261, 262, 263, 264. MARTIN, JAMES, 443. MASON, CAPTAIN, Rifles, 312. MASON, JAMES L., 318, 323, 325. MASSACHUSETTS HISTORICAL SOCIETY, xxix. MATSON, COMMANDER, 303. MAY, CHARLES A., 285, 286, 292, 297, 337, 338, 341, 344. MAY, EDITH, 447, 449, 450. MAYO, CAPTAIN, 308. MAYO, MR., 251, 252. MAXIMILIAN JOSEPH, Elector of Bavaria, 116. MCALLISTER, LIEUTENANT, 31, 33, 35. MCARTHUR, JOHN, 382, 387, 388. MCARTHUR, MAJOR, 55. MCBURNEY, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 216, 217. MCCALL, COLONEL, 43. MCCALL, EDWARD RUTLEDGE, 171, 172, 173. MCCLAY, LIEUTENANT, 284. MCCLELLAND, GEORGE B., 323, 334. MCCLELLAND, JOHN, 323. MCCLERNAND, JOHN ALEXANDER, 372, 373, 376, 378, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389. MCCLUNG, ALEXANDER K., 297. MCCULLOCH, BEN, 337, 345. MCDONALD, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 207, 213, 217. MCDONALD, MR., 459. MCDOUGALL, GENERAL, 17, 19. MCDOWELL, IRVIN, 345. MCDOWELL, MAJOR, North Carolina Volunteers, 43. MCFARLAND, MAJOR, 23d Infantry, 210. MCGUIRE, JOHN, 436. MCILVAINE, CHARLES P., 423, 425, 426. MCINTOSH, JAMES S., 284, 285. MCKAVETT, HENRY, 295. MCKEE, WILLIAM R., 338, 342, 343. MCKENNA, JOHN, 451, 454. MCKENZIE, CHARLES, 443, 444. MCKENZIE, LOUISE, 460. MCKENZIE, SAMUEL, 327, 328. MCKINSTRY, JUSTUS, 334. MCLANE, CAPTAIN, 35. MCMILLAN, CAPTAIN, 379. MCNEILL, JOHN, 207. MCPHERSON, JAMES BIRDSEYE, 373, 376, 377, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388. MCREE, WILLIAM, 211, 213, 228, 230, 231. M'DONALD, LIEUTENANT, Penguin, 251. M'DONOUGH, LIEUTENANT, Artillery, 229, 230, 231. MEADE, GEORGE GORDON, 291, 298. MEASE, MR., 105. MEDILL, WILLIAM, 280, 348. MEDWAY, Frigate, 251. MEEK, JOHN, 273. MEIGS, FORT, 254, 260, 272. MEIGS, RETURN JONATHAN, xiii, 20. MELGAREJA, PRESIDENT OF BOLIVIA, 362. MERCHANT, CHARLES G., 328. MERCHANT, CHARLES S., 413. MERCURE, Brig, 303. MERLIN, Ship of war, 26. MERRIMAC, Steamer, 409. MERRILL, WILLIAM, 151. METIS, Steamer, Loss of, 434, 435, 436, 437. METROPOLITAN MUSEUM OF ART, New York, xxxiii. MEYERS, C., 459. MEXICO, BATTLES OF, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 337. MEXICO, CAPTURE OF, 225, 304, 305, 325. M'GLASSIN, CAPTAIN, 15th Regiment, 236, 237. MIAMI INDIANS, 14. MIDDLETON, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 53, 54. MIFFLIN, FORT, 23, 25, 26. MILITARY MERIT, ORDER OF, 98, 109, 110. MILLER, ALBERT S., 294. MILLER, CAPTAIN, 2d Pennsylvania Volunteers, 328. MILLER, DAVID, 459. MILLER, JAMES, 204, 209, 210, 212, 213, 214, 216, 223. MILLER, MIDSHIPMAN, 140. MILLS, F. D., 321. MINON, GENERAL, 339, 342, 344. MINT, PARIS, xxvii, xxviii, xlvii, 2, 41. MINT, UNITED STATES, xxvii, xxviii, xlvii, 29, 30, 114, 160, 277, 278, 279, 287, 288, 353, 362, 419, 434. MIRABEAU, 94. MISSIONARY RIDGE, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 402, 403. MITCHELL, COLONEL, Ohio Volunteers, 297. MOHAWK, YACHT, SINKING OF, 447, 448, 449. MOIGNON, CHANCELLOR DE LA, 117. MOLINOS DEL REY, BATTLE OF, 225, 304, 324, 325, 332, 333, 334, 371. MONROE, JAMES, ix, xxv, 160, 253, 270. MONSIEUR, Privateer, 99, 100. MONTANT, LOUIS B., 449, 450. MONMOUTH, BATTLE OF, 14, 26, 48, 49. MONTAGU, Frigate, 186. MONTEATH, MIDSHIPMAN, 192. MONTEREY, TAKING OF, 281, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 371. MONTGOMERY, MIDSHIPMAN, 192. MONTGOMERY, WILLIAM R., 284, 285, 328. MONTMORIN, M. DE, 119, 122, 124. MOOERS, BENJAMIN, 234, 236. MOOERS, HAZEN, 237. MOORE, LIEUTENANT, Mississippi Volunteers, 297. MORALES, GOVERNOR, 309. MORANGE, J. B., 331. MOREAU, FORT, 234. MORENO, COLONEL, 296. MORGAN, DANIEL, x, xi, xii, xiii, xvii, xx, xxi, xxxv, xxxvii, xl, xlii, xliii, xliv, xlv, 2, 25, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 48, 150. MORGAN, GEORGE W., 315, 321, 330. MOROCCO, EMPEROR OF, xviii, 81. MORRILL, LOT M., 454. MORRIS, CHARLES, 146, 156, 158, 159. MORRIS, LEWIS, 56. MORRIS, LEWIS N., 285, 294. MORRIS, MR., xii, xvii. MORRIS, THOMPSON, 320. MORRISON, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 2d Illinois Volunteers, 345. MORRISON, MAJOR, 341. MOUNTFORD, LIEUTENANT, 237. MOUSTIER, ÉLÉONORE FRANÇOIS ÉLIE, COUNT, afterward MARQUIS DE, xxix, 115, 116, 120, 121, 123, 124. MOUSTIER, MARQUIS DE, xxix. M'REYNOLDS, CAPTAIN, 3d Dragoons, 321. MUHLENBERG, JOHN PETER GABRIEL, 21. MUNDAY, JAMES, 443. MUNROE, JOHN, 298, 341, 344, 346. MURFEY, MAJOR, 20. MURPHY, PHILIP, 443. MURRAY, FRANCIS KEY, 416. MURRAY, H. F., 312. MYERS, ABRAHAM C., 285.

N

NAPOLEON I, xxx, 266. NAPOLEON III, xxx. NASH, EDWIN, 435. NASH, EUGENE, 435. NASH, WILLIAM, 435. NATIONAL PALACE, Mexico, 325, 334. NAUTILUS, Schooner, 137, 141, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149. NAVAL ACADEMY, 177. NAVY MEDAL OF HONOR, 367. NEILL, CORNET, 33. NELSON, F. B., 312. NETHERLANDS, RESOLUTION OF THE STATES-GENERAL OF, CONCERNING JOHN ADAMS, 63, 71. NETHERLANDS, UNITED, ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF UNITED STATES BY, x, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73. NETHERLANDS, UNITED, TREATY OF AMITY WITH UNITED STATES, x, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85. NEUVILLE, BARON HYDE DE, 267, 269. NEVILLE, MORGAN, 45. NEW ORLEANS, BATTLE OF, 238, 239, 240, 241, 242, 243, 244. NEWPORT, SIEGE OF, 26. NEWTON, LIEUTENANT, 188, 252. NIAGARA, BATTLE OF, ix, 203, 204, 208, 209, 210, 211, 215, 219, 220, 223, 224. NIAGARA, Brig of war, 178, 179, 180, 181. NICHOLAS, COLONEL, 209. NICHOLS, WILLIAM A., 297. NIEHOFF, S. I., 70. NIEUWERKERKE, COUNT DE, xxxiii. NOAILLES, LOUIS MARIE, VISCOUNT DE, 87. NOBLE, JOSEPH, 458. NORDALL, EDWARD, 455. NORIEGA, GENERAL, 311. NORTH CAROLINA, UNIVERSITY OF, 280. NOURSE, ANDREW, 459.

O

OBARDO, GENERAL, 311. O'BRIEN, JOHN P. J., 340, 342, 344. O'FALLON, JOHN, 260. O'FLING, ENSIGN, 213. OFFLEY, E. S., 358. OKECHOBEE, 281. OLESON, ANTON, 451, 454. OLESON, BARNT, 451, 454. ORANGE, PRINCE OF, 72. ORMSBY, STEPHEN, 297. OSBAND, S. D., 391. OSTERHAUS, PETER JOSEPH, 380, 383, 384, 385, 401, 402. OVERTON, MAJOR, 241. OVERYSSEL, RESOLUTION OF, CONCERNING JOHN ADAMS, 60, 68. OXFORD, UNIVERSITY OF, 93.

P

PACKENHAM, SIR EDWARD MICHAEL, 239. PAGE, CAPTAIN, 4th Infantry, 283, 286, 287. PAGE, FRANCIS N., 329. PALLAS, Ship of war, 99, 101, 102, 103, 104, 108. PALMER, JOHN MCCAULEY, 395, 396, 404. PALO ALTO, BATTLE OF, xxv, 281, 282, 283, 285, 288, 371. PAQUET, A. C., 362, 367, 368, 370, 410, 411, 441, 453. PARKER, CAPTAIN, 217. PARKE, JOHN G., 389. PARKER, D., 279. PARKER, ELY S., 114. PARKER, JAMES L., 301, 302. PARKER, LIEUTENANT, Ariel, 179. PARKER, LIEUTENANT, Constitution, 169. PARKHURST, JABEZ, 217. PATTEN, GEORGE W., 312. PATTEN, JAMES, 237. PATTERSON, D. T., 243. PATTERSON, LIEUTENANT, Mississippi Volunteers, 297. PATTERSON, ROBERT, 305, 313. PATTERSON, R. M., 151, 277, 278, 279, 280, 287, 289, 348. PAUL, COLONEL, 259. PAUL, GABRIEL R., 328. PAULDING, JOHN, xxxv, 37, 38, 39. PAULUSEN, MICHAEL, 30. PAULUS HOOK, SURPRISE OF, xxviii, xlviii, 29, 30. PAYNE, DUVAL, 260. PAYNE, LEWIS, 431, 432, 433. PAYNE, MATTHEW MOUNTJOY, 284. PEABODY, GEORGE, viii, 421, 422, 423, 424, 425, 426, 427, 428. PEABODY INSTITUTE, Baltimore, 422. PEABODY INSTITUTION, Peabody, Massachusetts, 28. PEACE MEDALS, INDIAN, 113, 114, 151, 152, 160. PEACOCK, Brig of war, 181, 185, 186, 187, 188. PEACOCK, Sloop of war, 197, 198, 199. PEAKE, WILLIAM, 185, 186, 187, 188. PEALE, FRANKLIN, 278, 280, 288, 289, 348. PEARSON, RICHARD, 97, 98. PEMBERTON, FORT, 377, 391. PEMBERTON, JOHN C., 382, 383, 389, 392, 393, 394. PENDLETON, CAPTAIN, 415. PENDLETON, NATHANIEL, 52, 55, 56. PENGUIN, Sloop of war, 249, 250, 251, 252. PENN, MR., 90. PENNSYLVANIA GAZETTE, 93. PERRY, CHRISTOPHER RAYMOND, 176. PERRY, MATTHEW CALBRAITH, 300, 307, 309. PERRY, OLIVER HAZARD, 172, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 257, 259, 260, 262. PERRY, RAYMOND, 192. PETERSEN, N. A., 451, 454. PETTRICH, MR., 278, 279. PEYTON, CAPTAIN, 35. PHILADELPHIA, Ship of war, 143, 150, 161, 163, 166, 186, 189, 246, 249. PHILBRICK, JOHN O., 445, 446, 453. PICKENS, ANDREW, 42, 43, 44, 53. PICKERING, Brig of war, 135. PICKETT, GEORGE E., 328. PIERCE, FRANKLIN, 304, 315, 317, 318, 320, 321, 324, 325, 327, 330, 333, 349, 351. PIERCE, WILLIAM, 52, 55, 56. PIKE, ALBERT, 341, 344, 345. PILLOW, GIDEON JOHNSON, 306, 310, 312, 313, 314, 317, 318, 319, 321, 324, 326, 327, 328, 329. PINCKNEY, SURGEON, 364. PINSON, GENERAL, 311. PISCATAQUA, FIGHT AT, 25. PITOT, CAPTAIN, 128. PLACE, JOHN, 188. PLATT, MIDSHIPMAN, 192. PLATTSBURGH, BATTLE OF, 191, 193, 195, 233, 234, 235, 236, 237. PLYMOUTH, Sloop of war, 422. PLYMPTON, JOSEPH, 312, 313, 320. POICTIERS, Frigate, 161. POIRIER, M., xliii. POLK, JAMES KNOX, 280, 361. POLK, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 53, 54. POLLOCK, JAMES, xlviii. PONSCARME M., xxx. POOR RICHARD'S ALMANAC, 93. POPE, JOHN, 292, 298, 346. PORCUPINE, Schooner, 180. PORTER, DAVID D., 377, 378, 379, 390. PORTER, FITZ-JOHN, 329, 331. PORTER, PETER BUEL, 204, 205, 206, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 215, 216, 217, 218, 228, 229, 230. PORT GIBSON, 379, 380, 391. PORT HUDSON, 376, 381. PORTRAIT LATHE, 277. POTTS, 346. POWELL, JOHN, 443, 444. POWLES HOOK, 30, 31, 32. PREBLE, EDWARD, xxiv, xxx, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 154, 163, 164, 181, 197, 201. PREBLE, GEORGE H., xxxi. PRENTISS, JAMES H., 343. PRESIDENT, Ship of war, 129, 149. PREVOST, SIR GEORGE, 233, 234. PRICE, MAJOR, 297. PRICE, Ram, 377. PRIDE, G. G., 376. PRIME, F. E., 376, 388. PRINCETON, BATTLE OF, 46, 49. PRINCETON COLLEGE, 30, 152. PRINCETON, Steamship of war, 308. PROCTOR, HENRY A., 255, 256, 257, 259, 261, 272, 273. PRUSSIA, KING OF, VISIT TO PARIS MINT, Medal, 266. PUENTE, CAPTAIN, 303. PULASKI, CASIMIR, COUNT, 26. PULLMAN, LIEUTENANT, 158. PUTNAM, ISRAEL, 4. PUTMAN, LIEUTENANT, Tennessee Volunteers, 294. PUYMAURIN, M. DE, 266. PYLADE, Brig, 303.

Q

QUARLES, AUGUSTUS, 321. QUEEN CHARLOTTE, Ship of war, 180. QUEEN, LIEUTENANT, 364. QUEENSTOWN HEIGHTS, BATTLE OF, 224. QUINBY, ISAAC F., 377, 385, 388. QUITMAN, JOHN ANTHONY, 290, 293, 295, 296, 297, 306, 315, 317, 318, 321, 322, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332.

R

RAMSAY, GEORGE D., 292, 298. RANDOLPH, E. B., 211. RANDWYCK, GEORGE VAN, 84, 85. RANSOM, THOMAS EDWARD GREENFIELD, 384, 385. RANSOM, TRUMAN B., 315, 316, 321, 328. RAPP, MR., 162. RAWLINS, JOHN A., 373. RAYMOND, BATTLE AT, 382, 391. RAYMOND, GENERAL, 382. RÉCAMIER, MADAME, 41. RED JACKET, 113, 114. REED, CAPTAIN, 35. REED, LIEUTENANT, 33, 34, 35. REICH, JOHN, xxiv, 133, 135, 150, 277. REID, LIEUTENANT, New York Volunteers, 329. REILY, LIEUTENANT, 202. REINDEER, Sloop of war, 200, 201, 202. RENO, JESSE L., 321, 329, 334. RESACA DE LA PALMA, BATTLE OF, xxv, 281, 283, 284, 288, 371. REYNOLDS, JOHN F., 341, 444. RHYNST, VICE-ADMIRAL, 112. RIALL, GENERAL, 210. RIBLET, GEORGE W., 359. RICHARDS, SAMUEL, 443. RICHARDSON, CAPTAIN, 217. RICOT, CAPTAIN, 102, 108. RIDDLE, LIEUTENANT, 213, 217, 221, 230. RIDGELY, CHARLES G., 140. RIDGELY, RANDOLPH, 286, 294, 295, 297. RIGGIN, JOHN, JR., 373. RIGGS, ELISHA, 422. RIGGS, GEORGE W., 423, 426. RILEY, BENNET, 315, 316, 317, 320, 324, 326, 327, 331. RINGGOLD, SAMUEL, 283, 285, 286, 287. RIO GRANDE, VICTORIES ON THE, xxiv, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289. RIPLEY, ELEAZER WHEELOCK, 204, 205, 207, 209, 210, 211, 212, 213, 219, 220, 221, 222, 228, 229, 230. RITCHIE, CAPTAIN, 211. RITCHIE, DAVID, 435, 437. RITTENHOUSE, DOCTOR, 114. RIVES, WILLIAM C., 423. ROANE, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, Arkansas Volunteers, 341, 345. ROBERTS, BENJAMIN S., 328. ROBERTS, LIEUTENANT, 158. ROBINSON, ADJUTANT, 217. ROBINSON, GEORGE FOSTER, 362, 430, 431, 432, 433. ROBINSON, JOHN, 443, 444. ROBINSON, LIEUTENANT, Navy, 138, 139, 142, 146. ROBINSON, LIEUTENANT, Army, 345. ROCHAMBEAU, COUNT DE, xix, 23, 87, 89. ROCHEFOUCAULD, M. DE LA, 94. RODGERS, ALEXANDER P., 328. RODGERS, GEORGE W., 162. ROGERS, CAPTAIN, Mississippi Volunteers, 339. ROHAN, PRINCE DE, 92. ROME, KING OF, Medal, 266. ROMNEY, SAILING-MASTER, 252. ROOT, LIEUTENANT, 235, 237. ROPES, CAPTAIN, 221, 230. ROSE, FREDERICK HENRY, ix, 362, 363, 364, 365. ROSECRANS, WILLIAM STARKE, 395. ROSS, CAPTAIN, 220. ROSS, L. F., 376. ROTTENBURG, BARON DE, 259. ROUSSEL, CAMILLE, 22, 23. RUCKER, LIEUTENANT, 341, 345. RUDOLPH, CAPTAIN, 35, 36, 53. RUDOLPH, LIEUTENANT, 31, 32, 33, 35. RUFFLER, WILLIAM, 443. RUSSELL, DAVID A., 329. RUSSELL, GEORGE PEABODY, 423, 426. RUSSELL, LIEUTENANT, Mississippi Volunteers, 297. RUSSIA, EMPRESS OF, 62, 111, 112.

S

SACKETT'S HARBOR, DEFENCE OF, 203. SACRIFICIOS, ROADS OF, 308. SA-GO-YA-WAT-HA, SENECA CHIEF, 114. SALLANDE, GRAND BAILIFF DE, 60. SALTILLO, 338. SAN ANTONIO, BATTLE OF, 225, 304, 305, 317, 318, 320, 332, 334. SAN COSMO, GATE OF, 334. SANDERS, JOHN, 291. SANDS, JOSHUA R., 365. SAN FRANCISCO, Steamship, WRECK OF, x, 362, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417. SAN GERONIMO, BATTLE OF, 315. SAN JUAN D'ULLOA, CASTLE OF, 305, 307, 309, 310, 311. SAN PABLO, CHURCH OF, 317. SAN REMO, 363. SANTA ANNA, ANTONIO LOPEZ DE, 313, 322, 323, 324, 333, 337, 339, 341, 343. SANTHEUVEL, B. V. D., 84, 85. SARATOGA, BATTLE OF, xxii, xxxv, xxxvii, xxxix, 2, 8, 9, 10, 12, 41, 86, 260. SARATOGA, Ship of war, 191, 192. SARTINE, M. DE, 109, 110. SATERLEE, DOCTOR, 413. SAVANNAH, OCCUPATION OF, 14. SCARRITT, JEREMIAH M., 294, 298. SCHWARTZ, COMMANDER, 355, 356, 357. SCHUYLER, FORT, 10. SCORPION, Schooner, 179, 180. SCOTT, COLONEL, 228, 230. SCOTT, FORT, 234. SCOTT, HENRY LEE, 315, 323, 325, 334, 335. SCOTT, MARTIN, 319. SCOTT, MR., 133. SCOTT, WINFIELD, ix, xxiv, xxvi, 204, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210, 224, 225, 228, 230, 288, 299, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 319, 320, 321, 322, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328, 329, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334, 335, 351. SCOURGE, Schooner, 137, 144, 149. SCUDDER, LIEUTENANT, 297. SELDEN, LIEUTENANT, 284, 328. SEMINOLE INDIANS, 281. SEMMES, RAPHAEL, 300, 303. SERAPIS, CAPTURE OF THE, xxviii, xlviii, xlix, 2, 97, 98, 99, 104, 105, 106, 108, 110, 111, 112. SEWARD, WILLIAM HENRY, 408, 420, 427, 428, 430, 431, 432, 433. SHANNON, Frigate, 186. SHARPE, CAPTAIN, Mississippi Volunteers, 345. SHELBY, ISAAC, 243, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 265. SHELDON, PORTER, 432. SHEPHERD, OLIVER L., 319. SHERIDAN, PHILIP HENRY, 403. SHERMAN, JOHN, 447, 448, 452, 454, 455, 456. SHERMAN, THOMAS W., 338, 340, 341, 344. SHERMAN, WILLIAM TECUMSEH, 377, 378, 381, 382, 383, 385, 386, 387, 389, 390, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405. SHIELDS, JAMES, 311, 312, 314, 315, 316, 317, 318, 320, 321, 328, 329, 331. SHILOH, BATTLE OF, 371. SHIPP, EDMUND, 273. SHIRK, J. U., 390. SHORE, LIEUTENANT, 213. SHORT, WILLIAM, xvii, 95, 116, 117, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125. SHORTRIDGE, ADJUTANT, 213. SHOVER, WILLIAM H., 339, 342, 344. SHUBRICK, JOHN TAYLOR, 187, 188. SHUBRICK, THOMAS, 52, 55, 56. SIBLEY, HENRY H., 298, 318, 346. SIMMS, CAPTAIN, 213. SIMRAL, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 263, 264. SINTON, ROBERT, 459. SITGREAVES, LORENZO, 345. SIX NATIONS, THE, 114, 205. SKINNER, ST. JOHN B. L., 237. SMINIA, A. J. V., 59. SMITH, CAPTAIN, 35. SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON, 313, 319, 330, 372, 373. SMITH, CHARLES H., 454. SMITH, FREDERICK AUGUSTUS, 336. SMITH, GUSTAVUS WOODSON, 316, 317, 323, 334. SMITH, J., 297. SMITH, JOHN E., 380, 389, 401. SMITH, J. L., 323. SMITH, J. M., 319. SMITH, J. P., 328. SMITH, JOHN SPEED, 260. SMITH, JOSEPH, xxx. SMITH, LARKIN, 319. SMITH, LIEUTENANT, 6th Infantry, 207, 210. SMITH, LIEUTENANT, Navy, 179. SMITH, MAJOR, 317, 325. SMITH, PERSIFOR FRAZER, 312, 315, 316, 320, 324, 326, 327, 328, 329, 331. SMITH, MORGAN L., 401. SMITH, R. H., 412. SMITH, ROBERT, 129, 150. SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR, 380, 395, 399, 405. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION, xxviii. SMYRNA, Asia Minor, 352, 354, 355, 356, 357, 359, 360. SMYTH, LIEUTENANT, 237. SNEAD, MAJOR, 53. SNELLING, JAMES G. S., 319. SNELLING, JOSIAH, 213. SOMERS, RICHARD, 136, 138, 139, 140, 142, 144, 145, 147, 148. SOMERS, Brig of war, 299, 300, 301, 302, 303. SOMERS, Schooner, 180. SOPER, AMOS, 237. SO-SA-WA, SENECA CHIEF, 114. SPARK, HENRY, 451, 454. SPENCE, ROBERT TRAIL, 141. SPENCER, CAPTAIN, 207, 211. SPENCER, JOHN C., 277, 278, 279. SPOFFORD, AINSWORTH R., xxviii. SPRINGFIELD, BATTLE OF, 49. SPRINGSTEEL, MR., 20. SPROUL, CAPTAIN, 235. STACK, LIEUTENANT, 105. STANLEY, DAVID S., 402. ST. ANNE, ORDER OF, 98. STANSBURY, JOHN, 190. STARR & MARCUS, 421. STARS AND STRIPES, 8. ST. BERNARD, PASSAGE OF THE, Medal, 266. ST. CLAIR, ARTHUR, 254. STEELE, FREDERICK, 329. STEELE, MR., 459. STEEN, CAPTAIN, 1st Dragoons, 338, 344. STEPHENSON, FORT, 273. STEPTOE, EDWARD J., 326, 327, 331. STEVENS, B. F., 427. STEVENS, ISAAC I., 317, 323, 325, 334. STEWART, CHARLES, 245, 246, 247, 248. STEWART, SIR HEWSTON, 363, 364, 365. STEWART, JOHN, x, xix, xxviii, xxx, xxxv, xlii, xliii, xlviii, 2, 9, 15, 19, 20, 28. STEWART, LIEUTENANT, Navy, 188. STEWART, LIEUTENANT, Rifles, 328. STEWART, WILLIAM, 443. STILLWATER, BATTLE OF, 9. STIRLING, WILLIAM ALEXANDER, LORD, 31, 32, 34, 36. ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM, ORDER OF, 117. ST. LAZARE, ORDER OF, xlv, xlvi. ST. LOUIS, ORDER OF, xlv, xlvi, 267. ST. LOUIS, Sloop of war, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 359, 360. STODDART, BENJAMIN, 130, 132. STONE, CHARLES P., 326, 329, 334. STONY POINT, TAKING OF, ix, xii, xxviii, xxxv, xlii, xliii, xlvi, xlviii, 2, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28, 39. STORY, WILLIAM WETMORE, 422. STOUFFER, CAPTAIN, ix, 412. ST. PHILIP, FORT, 239, 241. STRINGHAM, SILAS H., 354. SULLIVAN, JOHN, 26. SUMNER, EDWIN VOSE, 312, 318, 324, 330. SUMNER, JETHRO, 53. SUSQUEHANNA, Ship of war, 363, 364. SUTHERLAND, MAJOR, 35. SUTHERLAND, G. T., 312. SWIFT, JOSEPH GARDNER, 208. SYREN, Brig of war, 137, 141, 142, 144, 146, 149, 246.

T

TACUBAYA, 315, 323, 334. TALLADEGA, BATTLE OF, 238. TANNER, Bark, WRECK OF, 450, 454. TARLETON, SIR BANASTRE, 42, 43, 44. TATE, CAPTAIN, 43. TAYLOR, FRANCIS, 317, 320, 326, 327. TAYLOR, GEORGE, 458. TAYLOR, GEORGE, MAJOR, 412, 415. TAYLOR, SAILING-MASTER, 179. TAYLOR, ZACHARY, xxiv, 272, 281, 282, 283, 284, 285, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 304, 336, 337, 338, 339, 340, 341, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, 350, 371. TECUMSEH, 254, 281. TELEGRAPH, ATLANTIC, LAYING OF THE, 418, 419, 420. TERRETT, LIEUTENANT, 1st Infantry, 294. THAMES, BATTLE OF THE, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 262, 263, 264, 265. THOMAS, COLONEL, South Carolina Volunteers, 43. THOMAS, ENSIGN, 221, 230. THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY, 344, 395, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403, 404, 405. THOMAS, JOHN, 4, 14. THOMAS, PHILEMON, 242. THOMAS, R. J., 443, 444. THOMPSON, MAJOR, 260. THORNE, FROST, 449. THORN, LIEUTENANT, 140, 141. THOUVENEL, M., xlviii, xlix. THREE RIVERS, BATTLE OF, 14. THWING, MIDSHIPMAN, 192. TICONDEROGA, BATTLE AT, 14. TICONDEROGA, Ship of war, 191, 195, 196. TIGRESS, Schooner, 180. TIGRESS, Steamboat, 378. TIPPECANOE, BATTLE OF, 254, 272. TILGHMAN, LLOYD, 391. TILGHMAN, TENCH, 88, 89. TILLINGHAST, LIEUTENANT, 173, 202. TJASSENS, H., 84, 85. TODD, CHARLES SCOTT, 260. TODD, LEWIS, 188. TOHOPEKA, BATTLE OF, 238. TOSCAN, MIDSHIPMAN, 202. TOTTEN, JOSEPH GILBERT, 237, 310. TOUCEY, ISAAC, 364. TOWER, ZEALOUS B., 316, 323, 325, 334. TOWSON, NATHAN,, 206, 207, 208, 209, 211, 220, 221, 228, 230. TRACY, R. D., 391. TRAIL, MAJOR, 2d Illinois Volunteers, 339, 341, 345. TRAVIS, MELANCTHON W., 237. TREAT, CAPTAIN, 205, 206. TREATY OF AMITY AND COMMERCE WITH UNITED NETHERLANDS, x, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85. TREATY OF COMMERCE WITH FRANCE, x, 266, 267, 268, 269. TRENTON, BATTLE OF, 46, 49. TRESCOTT, GEORGE, 237. TRIMBLE, WILLIAM A., 213, 214, 228, 229. TRIP, L. A., 70. TRIPLETT, MAJOR, 43. TRIPOLI, xxiv, xxx, 81, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 154, 161, 163, 164, 166, 185, 186, 246, 249. TRIPPE, JOHN, 138, 139, 140, 146. TRIPPE, Sloop, 180. TRIST, NICHOLAS P., 322, 323. TRISTAN D'ACUNHA, 249, 250. TROTTER, GEORGE, 258, 260. TROUSDALE, WILLIAM, 319, 329, 330. TROWBRIDGE, DOCTOR, 222, 231. TROWBRIDGE, JAMES, 237. TRUXTUN, THOMAS, xxiii, xxxi, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 194. TURGOT, M., xxiii, 94. TURNBULL, WILLIAM, 323, 334. TURNER, DANIEL, 179. TURNER, LIEUTENANT, ENGINEER, 316. TWIGGS, DAVID EMANUEL, 285, 292, 294, 295, 296, 297, 305, 312, 313, 314, 316, 317, 318, 319, 324, 326, 328, 329, 330, 331. TWIGGS, LEVI, 328. TYLER, JOHN, 276, 277, 278, 279

U

UNITED NETHERLANDS AND UNITED STATES, CONVENTION BETWEEN THE, 84. UNITED STATES, ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF, BY UNITED NETHERLANDS, x, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73. UNITED STATES, ARMS OF, 113, 115. UNITED STATES, Frigate, 154, 163, 164, 181. UNITED STATES, LETTER FROM, TO KING OF FRANCE, 110. UNITED STATES, TREATY OF AMITY AND COMMERCE WITH UNITED NETHERLANDS, x, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85. UNITED STATES, TREATY OF COMMERCE WITH FRANCE, x. UNITED STATES AND UNITED NETHERLANDS, CONVENTION BETWEEN THE, 84. UPHAM, TIMOTHY, 212, 213. UTRECHT, RESOLUTION OF, CONCERNING JOHN ADAMS, 61.

V

VALLETTE, LIEUTENANT, 192. VAN BUREN, ABRAHAM, 298, 323. VAN BUREN, MARTIN, 160, 275, 278. VANDERBILT, CORNELIUS, viii, xxxi, 304, 406, 407, 408, 409. VANDERBILT, Steamship, GIFT OF, 406, 407, 408, 409. VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY, 407. VANDERVILLE, LIEUTENANT, 35. VAN DORN, EARL, 17th Infantry, 329. VANDYKE, MR., 131. VAN VOAST, JAMES, 413, 416. VAN WART, ISAAC, xxxv, 37, 38, 39. VARAGE, M. DE, 100. VASQUEZ, GENERAL, 311. VAUGHAN, ADJUTANT, Kentucky Volunteers, 341. VAUGUYON, DUC DE LA, 72, 73. VAUVILLIER, M. DE, xliii. VENDÔME, COLUMN IN THE PLACE, xxx. VENGEANCE, LA, Ship of war, 128, 129, 132, 194. VENGEANCE, Ship of war, 99, 101, 102, 103. VERA CRUZ, CAPTURE OF, 225, 304, 305, 306, 307, 308, 309, 310, 311, 332, 371. VERNON, MOUNT, 2, 3. VERPLANCK'S POINT, 17, 21, 39. VIBRAY, COUNT DE, xxix. VICKSBURG, CAPTURE OF, 370, 371, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380, 381, 382, 383, 384, 385, 386, 387, 388, 389, 390, 391, 392, 393, 394. VICTORIA, QUEEN OF GREAT BRITAIN, 422. VIENNA, CATHEDRAL OF, Medal, 266. VINTON, JOHN R., 308. VIRGIL, quoted, 74, 171, 195. VIXEN, Brig of war, 137, 141, 142, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149. VOIGT, HENRY, 133. VOLUNTEERS IN MEXICO, Medal, 299.

W

WADSWORTH, HENRY, 136, 142, 147, 148. WAGGAMAN, GEORGE G., 298. WAITE, CARLOS A., 319. WALES, CAPTAIN, 197, 198. WALES, PRINCE OF, 422. WALL, MR., 314. WALKER, CAPTAIN, 286. WALKER, MAJOR, 168, 169. WALKER, WILLIAM H. T., 382. WALLACE, LEWIS, 373. WALSH, THOMAS, 455. WALWORTH, HIRAM, 237. WARBURTON, COLONEL, 257. WARREN, MAJOR, 1st Illinois Volunteers, 339, 345. WARRINGTON, LEWIS, 197, 198, 199. WASHBURNE, CADWALLADER COLDEN, 389. WASHINGTON, GEORGE, x, xi, xiii, xvi, xix, xxiii, xxviii, xxxv, xxxvi, xxxviii, xxxix, xlvii, xlviii, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 16, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 38, 39, 41, 46, 47, 49, 87, 88, 89, 111, 113, 114, 134, 150, 277, 278, 406. WASHINGTON, JOHN M., 338, 339, 340, 342, 344, 412. WASHINGTON, WILLIAM AUGUSTINE, x, xi, xii, xvii, xxiii, xxviii, xxxv, xxxvii, xxxviii, xl, xlvii, xlviii, xlix, 2, 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 53, 54, 277. WASP, Sloop of war, 154, 160, 161, 181, 200, 201, 202, 249. WATERS, KERVAN, 173. WATKINS, CAPTAIN, 413. WATMOUGH, JOHN G., 229, 230, 231. WATSON, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, Maryland Volunteers, 294. WATTLES, CAPTAIN, 221, 232. WATTS, LIEUTENANT, 207, 213. WAYNE, ANTHONY, x, xix, xxviii, xxx, xxxv, xlii, xliii, xlviii, 2, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 21, 24, 28, 150, 254. WAYNE, HENRY C., 323. WAYNE, ISAAC, 15. WEATHERFORD, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 1st Illinois Volunteers, 345. WEBSTER, LUCIEN B., 292, 294, 297, 339, 342. WEBSTER, JOSEPH DANA, 373. WEBSTER, MIDSHIPMAN, 179. WEEKBECKER, CONSUL-GENERAL, 360. WEIBERT, COLONEL DE, 100, 105. WEIR, ROBERT WALTER, xxv. WELLER, JOHN B., 297. WELLINGTON, COLONEL, 237. WELSH, JOHN, 439. WESTCOTT, WILLIS, 456. WEST POINT, xxv, 19, 24, 25, 31, 336, 353, 371. WESTERVELD, MR. DE, 61. WESTMINSTER ABBEY, 422. WETMORE, SAMUEL, 423, 426. WHEELER, ANDREW J., 446. WHEELER, CAPTAIN, Illinois Volunteers, 342. WHEELER, OTIS M., 445, 446, 453. WHINYATES, CAPTAIN, 160, 161, 162. WHITE HOUSE, 255, 282. WHITE PLAINS, BATTLE OF, 48. WHITESIDE, ADJUTANT, 2d Illinois Volunteers, 345. WHITING, HENRY, 298, 346. WHITING, HENRY M., 344. WHITTAKER, CHIEF-ENGINEER, 436. WILDERNESS, BATTLES OF THE, 371. WILLIAM AND MARY COLLEGE, 133, 224, 253, 272, 276. WILLIAMS, AID-DE-CAMP, 217. WILLIAMS, ALEXANDER J., 228, 229, 230, 231. WILLIAMS, DAVID, xxxv, 37, 38, 39. WILLIAMS, FLAVEL, 237. WILLIAMS, FORT, 220. WILLIAMS, HENRY, 443, 444. WILLIAMS, JOSEPH, 187. WILLIAMS, OTHO HOLLAND, 53, 55. WILLIAMS, THOMAS, 323, 325, 334, 375. WILLIAMS, WILLIAM G., 291, 292, 294, 298. WILLIAMS, W. R., LIEUTENANT, South Carolina Volunteers, 321. WILKES, GEORGE, 459. WILKINSON, JAMES, 10, 224. WILLIAMSON, MIDSHIPMAN, 192. WILLSON, JOSEPH, 349, 351, 361. WILMOT, CAPTAIN, 35. WILSON, A., 459. WILSON, COLONEL, 211. WILSON, JAMES H., 383, 389, 398. WILSON, LIEUTENANT COLONEL, 297. WILSON, MAJOR, 217. WINDER, CHARLES S., 413, 414, 416. WINDER, WILLIAM A., 413, 416. WINTHROP, ROBERT CHARLES, 423, 425, 426. WIRTZ, DOCTOR, 413. WLADIMIR, Ship of War, 112. WOOD, CAPTAIN, 168, 169. WOOD, CAPTAIN, 12th Regiment, 321. WOOD, COLONEL, 2d Texas Volunteers, 297. WOOD, ELEAZER D., 206, 210, 211, 220, 228, 230, 231, 260, 262. WOOD, GEORGE T., 292. WOOD, IRA A., 237. WOOD, LIEUTENANT-COLONEL, 213, 216. WOOD, PETER V., 170. WOOD, THOMAS JEFFERSON, 403. WOODS, JAMES S., 294. WOODS, SAMUEL, 328. WOOL, JOHN ELLIS, 235, 237, 341, 343, 344, 345. WORTH, WILLIAM JENKINS, 207, 210, 291, 292, 295, 296, 297, 298, 305, 309, 310, 312, 314, 315, 317, 318, 319, 321, 324, 325, 326, 327, 328. WRIGHT, CHARLES CUSHING, 299, 304, 336. WRIGHT, JOHN, xiii. WRIGHT, JOSEPH, 29, 30. WÜRT, DIE-SINKER, 160. WYANDOT INDIANS, 259. WYSE, F. O., 412, 413, 415.

Y

YACHT CLUB, NEW YORK, 449. YALE COLLEGE, 215. YARNALL, LIEUTENANT, 179. YARRERO, GENERAL, 311. YATES, MR., 458. YEARWOOD, W., 312. YELL, ARCHIBALD, 338, 341, 345. YORKTOWN, BATTLE OF, xxii, 23, 86, 260. YOUNG WASP, Privateer, 251. YOUNGS, CAPTAIN, 192.

Z

ZALLAND, VAN, GRAND BAILIFF, 68. ZANTZINGER, LIEUTENANT, 230. ZEALAND, RESOLUTION OF, CONCERNING JOHN ADAMS, 59, 65. ZUIJLEN DE NIJEVELT, BARON DE, 64.

Spotted a typo or a problem in this chapter? Tell us