Chapter XXX
1861
[Pageheading: CONSERVATIVE OVERTURES]
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
BROADLANDS, 1st January 1861.
VISCOUNT PALMERSTON presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and begs to be allowed to wish your Majesty and His Royal Highness the Prince Consort many prosperous returns of New Year's Day, with increasing happiness to your Majesty and the Royal Family, and progressive advantage to the Nation who have the good fortune to have your Majesty for their Sovereign; and to adopt the language of Pope, he would say,
"May day improve on day, and year on year, Without a pain, a trouble, or a fear."
This Autumn and Winter, however, have been productive of events in three of the four quarters of the Globe, which future years are not likely to repeat. The capture of Pekin in Asia by British and French troops; the Union in Europe of nearly the whole of Italy into one Monarchy; and the approaching and virtually accomplished Dissolution in America of the great Northern Confederation, are events full of importance for the future, as well as being remarkable in time present.
Viscount Palmerston submits two letters which your Majesty may feel an interest in seeing. With regard to that from Lord John Russell stating a half-formed wish to go to the House of Lords, Viscount Palmerston does not expect that the desire will be repeated when the Session begins, although Lord John said last year that he felt attendance in the House of Commons in addition to the labour of his office, more than he could well get through. He would be a loss to Viscount Palmerston in the House of Commons, especially after the removal of Mr Sidney Herbert to the House of Lords;[1] and speaking confidentially to your Majesty with regard to the future, Viscount Palmerston would think himself doing better service by recommending the House of Lords for Mr Gladstone, than for Lord John Russell.
Mr Herbert will take the title of Lord Herbert of Lea, the title of Herbert being that borne by his elder brother during the life of the late Lord Pembroke.
The other letter from Lord Malmesbury relates to a communication which he made to Viscount Palmerston last year from Lord Derby and Mr Disraeli at the beginning of the Session, to the effect that, if the Government were then to break up from internal dissensions, the Conservative Party would support during the then ensuing Session any administration which Viscount Palmerston might be able provisionally to make, to carry through the business of the Session.[2] Viscount Palmerston is not aware of any circumstances which can have led to the expectation that the present administration is likely to be broken up by internal divisions in the course of this next Session. There are no questions ahead so likely to produce discord as the Reform Bill of last year, and the differences between the two Houses about the Paper Duties, about which it was very difficult to prevent Lord John and Mr Gladstone from flying off, or the Fortification Question, upon which Mr Gladstone announced to his colleagues, nearly a dozen times, that he was firmly resolved to resign. Viscount Palmerston has asked Lord Malmesbury to come over to him to Broadlands at any time before the 21st or 22nd of this month, which is the probable time at which the Cabinet will have to meet in London.
Viscount Palmerston finds he has not got Lord John Russell's letter at hand, but the only thing of any interest in it was the intimation which Viscount Palmerston quoted.
[Footnote 1: Mr Herbert had been latterly in bad health, and resigned office in the summer. He died on the 2nd of August.]
[Footnote 2: In his memoirs, Lord Malmesbury describes an interview with Lord and Lady Palmerston on the 1st of June 1860, apparently the one at which this communication was made. "It is evident," he writes, "he [Lord Palmerston] does not wish to lose Lord John, though he would be very glad if Gladstone resigned."]
The Emperor of the French to Queen Victoria.
PARIS, le 31 Decembre 1860.
MADAME ET TRES CHERE S[OE]UR,--Je ne veux pas laisser cette annee s'ecouler sans venir porter a votre Majeste l'expression de mes souhaits pour son bonheur et celui du Prince et de sa famille. J'espere que l'annee qui va commencer sera heureuse pour nos deux nations, et qu'elle verra encore nos liens se resserrer. L'Europe est bien agitee, mais tant que l'Angleterre et la France s'entendent, le mal pourra se localiser.
Je felicite votre Majeste du succes que nos deux armees ont obtenu en Chine; laissons toujours nos etendards unis; car Dieu semble les proteger.
J'ai bien envie l'Imperatrice qui a pu vous faire une visite et revoir votre charmante famille: elle en a ete bien heureuse.
Je saisis avec empressement cette occasion de renouveler a votre Majeste les sentiments de haute estime et de sincere amitie avec lesquels je suis, de votre Majeste le bon Frere,
NAPOLEON.
[Pageheading: DEATH OF KING OF PRUSSIA]
The Princess Royal to Queen Victoria and the Prince Albert.
POTSDAM, 2nd January 1861.
BELOVED PARENTS,--At last I can find a moment for myself to sit down and collect my thoughts and to write to you an account of these two last dreadful days! My head is in such a state, I do not know where I am hardly--whether I am in a dream or awake, what is yesterday and what to-day! What we have so long expected is come at last! All the confusion, bustle, excitement, noise, etc., is all swallowed up in that one thought for me--I have seen death for the first time! It has made an impression upon me that I shall never, never forget as long as I live--and I feel so ill, so confused and upset by all that I have gone through in the last forty-eight hours, that you must forgive me if I write incoherently and unclearly. But to go back to Monday evening (it seems to me a year now). At a quarter to eight in the evening of Monday the 31st, I took dear darling Affie to the railway station, and took leave of him with a heavy heart. You know I love that dear boy distractedly, and that nothing could have given me more pleasure than his dear, long-wished-for visit. At nine o'clock Fritz and I went to tea at the Prince Regent's; we four were alone together. The Princess was rather low and unwell, the Prince low-spirited, and I thinking of nothing but Affie and of how dear he is. While we were sitting at tea we received bad news from Sans Souci,[3] but nothing to make us particularly uneasy. Fritz and I went home and to bed, not being in a humour to sit up till twelve.
About half-past one we heard a knock at the door and my wardrobe maid brought in a telegram saying the King was given up, and a note from the Prince Regent saying he was going up immediately. We got up in the greatest hurry and dressed--I hardly know how; I put on just what I found, and had not time to do my hair or anything. After we had hurried on our clothes we went downstairs and out--for there was no time to get a carriage or a footman or anything--it was a splendid night, but twelve degrees of cold (Reaumur). I thought I was in a dream finding myself alone in the street with Fritz at two o'clock at night. We went to the Prince Regent's, and then with them in their carriages to the railway station--we four all alone in the train. We arrived at Sans Souci and went directly into the room where the King lay--the stillness of death was in the room--only the light of the fire and of a dim lamp. We approached the bed and stood there at the foot of it, not daring to look at one another or to say a word. The Queen was sitting in an armchair at the head of the bed, her arm underneath the King's head, and her head on the same pillow on which he lay; with her other hand she continually wiped the perspiration from his forehead. You might have heard a pin drop; no sound was heard but the crackling of the fire and the death-rattle, that dreadful sound which goes to one's heart, and which tells plainly that life is ebbing. This rattling in the throat lasted about an hour longer, and then the King lay motionless. The doctors bent their heads low to hear whether he still breathed--and we stood, not even daring to sit down, watching the death-struggle; every now and then the King breathed very fast and loud, but never unclosed his eyes; he was very red in the face, and the cold perspiration pouring from his forehead. I never spent such an awful time! And to see the poor Queen sitting there quite rent my heart--three, four, five, six, seven struck, and we were still standing there--one member of the family came in after the other and remained motionless in the room, sobs only breaking the silence. Oh! it is dreadful to see a person die! All the thoughts and feelings that crowded on my mind in those hours I cannot describe, more than in my whole past lifetime. The light of the morning dawned, and the lamps were taken away--oh, how sad for the first morning in the year! We all went into the next room, for I assure you, anxiety, watching, standing, and crying had worn us out. The Princess fell asleep on a chair, I on a sofa, and the rest walked up and down the room asking one another, How long will it last? Towards the middle of the day, Marianne and I went into the room alone, as we wished to stay there; we came up and kissed the Queen's hand and knelt down and kissed the King's; it was quite warm still. We stood about and waited till five o'clock and then had some dinner, and I felt so sick and faint and unwell, that Fritz sent me here to bed. At one o'clock this morning I got up and dressed, and heard that the King had not many minutes more to live, but by the time I had got the carriage I heard all was over. I drove to Sans Souci and saw the King and Queen. May God bless and preserve them, and may theirs be a long and happy and blessed reign. Then I went into the room where the King lay, and I could hardly bring myself to go away again. There was so much of comfort in looking at that quiet, peaceful form, at rest at last after all he had suffered--gone home at last from this world of suffering--so peaceful and quiet he looked, like a sleeping child. Every moment I expected to see him move or breathe--his mouth and eyes closed, and such a sweet and happy expression--both his hands were on the coverlid. I kissed them both for the last time; they were quite cold then. Fritz and I stood looking at him for some time. I could hardly bring myself to believe that this was really death, that which I had so often shuddered at and felt afraid of; there was nothing there dreadful or appalling, only a heavenly calm and peace. I felt it did me so much good, and was such a comfort. "Death, where is thy sting? Grave, where is thy victory?" He was a just and good man, and had a heart overflowing with love and kindness, and he has gone to his rest after a long trial which he bore with so much patience. I am not afraid of death now, and when I feel inclined to be so, I shall think of that solemn and comforting sight, and that death is only a change for the better. We went home and to bed and this morning went there at ten. I sat some time with the poor Queen, who is so calm and resigned and touching in her grief. She does not cry, but she looks heartbroken. She said to me: "I am not longer of any use in this world. I have no longer any vocation, any duties to perform. I only lived for him." Then she was so kind to me, kinder than she has ever been yet, and said I was like her own child and a comfort to her. I saw the corpse again this morning; he is unaltered, only changed in colour, and the hands are stiffened.
The funeral will be on Saturday; the King will lie in state till then. His wish was to be buried in Friedenskirche before the altar--and his heart at Charlottenburg in the Mausoleum. Of course all will be done that he wishes. His servants are in a dreadful state. They adored him, and nursed him day and night for three years with the most devoted attachment. The King and Queen stay at Sans Souci till after the funeral, and Fritz and I here at Potsdam.... Ever your most dutiful and devoted Daughter,
VICTORIA.
P.S.--The funeral will only take place on Monday, and the body will be embalmed to-morrow. To-morrow evening there will be prayers at the bedside, and the day after the lying in state.
[Footnote 3: The palace at Potsdam, built by Frederick the Great, the usual residence of the King of Prussia.]
[Pageheading: LETTER TO THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON]
Queen Victoria to the Emperor of the French.
OSBORNE, le 3 Janvier 1861.
SIRE ET CHER FRERE,--Les bons v[oe]ux que votre Majeste veut bien m'exprimer a l'occasion de la nouvelle annee me sont bien chers, et je vous prie d'en accepter mes remerciments sinceres, ainsi que l'expression des v[oe]ux que je forme pour le bonheur de votre Majeste, de l'Imperatrice et de votre cher enfant; le Prince se joint a moi dans ces sentiments.
Votre Majeste a bien raison si elle regarde avec quelque inquietude l'etat agite de l'Europe, mais je partage aussi avec elle le ferme espoir, que le mal peut etre beaucoup amoindri, tant que la France et l'Angleterre s'entendent, et j'y ajouterai, tant que cette entente a pour but desinteresse de preserver au monde la paix et a chaque nation ses droits et ses possessions, et d'adoucir des animosites, qui menacent de produire les plus graves calamites, des guerres civiles et des luttes de races. La benediction de Dieu ne manquera pas a l'accomplissement d'une tache aussi grande et sacree.
Je me rejouis avec votre Majeste des glorieux succes que nos armees alliees viennent d'obtenir en Chine, et de la belle paix que ces succes ont amenee. Elle sera feconde, je l'espere, en bienfaits pour nos deux pays aussi bien que pour ce peuple bizarre que nous avons force a entrer en relations avec le reste du monde.
Il nous a fait bien du plaisir de voir l'Imperatrice et d'entendre depuis que son voyage en Angleterre lui a fait tant de bien.
Agreez l'assurance de la parfaite amitie avec laquelle je suis, Sire et mon Frere, de votre Majeste Imperiale, la bonne S[oe]ur,
VICTORIA R.
[Pageheading: ITALIAN AFFAIRS]
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
BROADLANDS, 10th January 1861.
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and has many apologies to make for not having sooner answered your Majesty's previous communications. He is glad to be able to say that Lady Jocelyn's youngest boy, whose illness has been the cause of very great anxiety, is now in the course of gradual, but favourable recovery.
Viscount Palmerston returns to your Majesty the letter of the Emperor of the French, and your Majesty's excellent answer; it is to be hoped that he will profit by the sound advice which that answer contains.
Upon the subject of Italy your Majesty reminds Viscount Palmerston that he stated last summer that it would be better for the interests of England that Southern Italy should be a separate Monarchy, rather than that it should form part of an united Italy. Viscount Palmerston still retains that opinion; because a separate kingdom of the Two Sicilies would be more likely, in the event of war between England and France, to side, at least by its neutrality, with the strongest Naval Power, and it is to be hoped that such Power would be England. But then it would be necessary that the Two Sicilies as an independent and separate State should be well governed, and should have an enlightened Sovereign. This unfortunately has become hopeless and impossible under the Bourbon Dynasty, and no Englishman could wish to see a Murat or a Prince Napoleon on the Throne of Naples.[4] The course of events since last summer seems to have finally decided the fate of Sicily and Naples, and there can be no doubt that for the interest of the people of Italy, and with a view to the general balance of Power in Europe, a united Italy is the best arrangement. The Italian Kingdom will never side with France from partiality to France, and the stronger that kingdom becomes the better able it will be to resist political coercion from France. The chief hold that France will have upon the policy of the Kingdom of Italy consists in the retention of Venetia by Austria.
Viscount Palmerston has heard no more from Lord John Russell about his wish eventually to go to the House of Lords, and it is probable that this wish often before expressed will, as upon former occasions, be allowed to sleep undisturbed....
[Footnote 4: Prince Napoleon Murat, a son of Joachim Murat, King of Naples, 1808-1815, had returned to France from the United States in 1848; an attempt was now being made to form a Murat party in Southern Italy.]
Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 19th January 1861.
The Queen has received Lord John Russell's letter enclosing his correspondence with Lord Clarendon.[5] She has kept the latter in order to show it to Lord Palmerston this evening, not knowing whether he has seen it already. She must say that Lord Clarendon's arguments are very conclusive. Has it ever occurred to Lord John Russell that, if Lord Clarendon were to go to Berlin carrying the highest compliment the Queen has to bestow, viz. the Order of the Garter to the new King of Prussia, and from thence to Vienna empty-handed to the Emperor of Austria for the purpose of giving good advice, the Emperor might look upon it as an offensive public proceeding towards him?
[Footnote 5: Lord Clarendon was appointed to represent the Queen at the Coronation of the King of Prussia.]
[Pageheading: CONSERVATIVE OVERTURES]
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
PICCADILLY, 27th January 1861.
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty....
Viscount Palmerston saw Lord Malmesbury on Friday before the Cabinet. They both came up in the same train though not in the same carriage, and Lord Malmesbury came to Viscount Palmerston's in Piccadilly at three o'clock.
He said that he was charged by Lord Derby and Mr Disraeli with a message similar to that which he had conveyed last year, namely, that if Mr Gladstone were to propose a democratic Budget making a great transfer of burthens from indirect to direct Taxation, and if, the Cabinet refusing its concurrence, Mr Gladstone were to retire, the Conservative Party would give the Government substantial support except in the case of the Government wishing to take an active part in war against Austria. That this did not of course mean an abstinence from usual attacks and criticisms in debate, but that no step would in such case be taken to produce a change of Government. In fact, said Lord Malmesbury, neither the Conservative leaders nor the Party wish at present to come into office, and have no intention of taking any step to turn the present Government out. Mr Bright had indeed proposed to Mr Disraeli to join together with the Radical Party, the Conservatives, for the purpose of turning out the present Government; and especially to get rid of Viscount Palmerston and Lord John Russell. Mr Bright said he would in that case give the Conservative Government a two years' existence, and by the end of that time the country, it might be hoped, would be prepared for a good and real Reform Bill, and then a proper Government might be formed.
This proposal, which it must be owned was not very tempting, Lord Malmesbury said had been declined. He also said that Count Persigny, on returning from one of his trips to Paris, had brought a similar proposal from Mr Cobden for a co-operation of Radicals and Conservatives to overthrow the present Government; but that also had been declined. Viscount Palmerston requested Lord Malmesbury to convey his thanks to Lord Derby and Mr Disraeli for the handsome communication which they had thus made to him, and to assure them that he fully appreciated the honourable and patriotic motives by which it had been prompted....
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 29th January 1861.
MY BELOVED UNCLE,--I write to you on a sad anniversary--already seventeen years ago, that it pleased God to take dearest Papa away from us all! He, who ought to have lived for twenty years longer at least!...
We hear from Berlin that the poor King is much angegriffen, and very irritable, but that my letter announcing to him that I would give him the Garter had given him so much pleasure that he had been seen to smile for the first time since the 2nd of January.
I think you will be gratified by the little extract from a letter from our dear friend the Queen, about Vicky, which I venture to send you--as well as by the following extract from Vicky's own letter to me, written on her wedding day, in which she says:--"Every time our dear wedding day returns I feel so happy and thankful--and live every moment of that blessed and never-to-be-forgotten day over again in thought. I love to dwell on every minute of that day; not a hope has been disappointed, not an expectation that has not been realised, and much more--that few can say--and I am thankful as I ought to be."
These two extracts are very gratifying to our hearts.
I must now wish you good-bye. With Albert's affectionate love, ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Pageheading: THE PROVOSTSHIP OF ETON]
[Pageheading: DR GOODFORD]
Viscount Palmerston to Sir Charles Phipps.
94 PICCADILLY, 10th February 1861.
MY DEAR PHIPPS,--In the box which I sent to the Queen on Friday morning, giving a short account of the Debate on Thursday, I placed a separate paper submitting for her approval that Dr Goodford, Headmaster of Eton, might be recommended to the Fellows to be elected to the office of Provost now vacant; and I mentioned that the matter was rather pressing. I have had no answer as yet, and the election is fixed for to-morrow.
The election is on the same footing as that of a bishop who is nominally elected by the Chapter of the Diocese, but who is named for being so elected by the Crown. The Crown recommends the person to be named Provost, and the Fellows as a matter of course elect him. But the election must be made within a stated period--I believe fifteen days after the vacancy has happened; and if the Crown does not within that period recommend, the Fellows proceed to make their own choice.
The election is fixed for to-morrow, and it would not, I think, be desirable to let the Royal prerogative drop on this occasion. The persons who have been named as candidates are Dr Goodford, Headmaster, and with regard to him it is to be said that the office has generally been given to the Headmaster, and that, as far as the Provost has any function connected with improvements in the arrangement of the school, there is an advantage in his having been conversant with the details of the existing system. Dr Goodford is qualified for the office by his degree.
The next candidate is Mr Coleridge, once a master in the school, but he is not qualified by a sufficient degree, and there was a prejudice against him on account of his Puseyite tendencies.
The third is Dr Chapman, late Bishop of Colombo, qualified by his degree, but having no peculiar claims or other recommendations for the office.
The fourth is Mr Birch, formerly tutor to the Prince of Wales, scarcely of sufficient calibre for the office, and not qualified by a sufficient degree.
Between Dr Goodford and Dr Chapman I think the preference should be given to Dr Goodford, and the more especially because Dr Chapman is supposed to entertain theological opinions similar to those of Mr Coleridge, his brother-in-law.
If the Queen should approve of Dr Goodford being recommended, perhaps she would have the goodness to sign the document sent in the accompanying box, and if it is returned by the earliest opportunity it is just possible that I may be able to send it to Windsor in time for the election to-morrow.[6] Yours sincerely,
PALMERSTON.
[Footnote 6: Dr Goodford was elected, and remained Provost till his death in 1884.]
Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.
10th February 1861.
The Queen has received Lord John Russell's letter enclosing the draft of one to General Garibaldi, which she now returns. She had much doubt about its being altogether safe for the Government to get into correspondence, however unofficial, with the General, and thinks that it would be better for Lord John not to write to him. Lord Palmerston, who was here this afternoon on other business, has undertaken to explain the reasons in detail to Lord John--in which he fully concurs.
[Pageheading: GARIBALDI]
Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.
CHESHAM PLACE, 11th February 1861.
Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; he earnestly entreats your Majesty to consider whether any step ought to be omitted by which the peace of Europe may be preserved.
General Garibaldi is generally esteemed by Italians; even Count Ludolf speaks of him in the highest terms of praise. General Garibaldi has lost his country, and is full of resentment at Count Cavour for selling it. He respects and admires England for her disinterested conduct.
But it is evident the French Emperor is again exciting the Hungarian party. The Garibaldian legion is told to hold itself in readiness, and the Pays and Patrie are instructed to praise the Legion. They are being assembled in Genoa and Piedmont.
There is little chance of Garibaldi's refusing to take part in this expedition, and if he does proceed to the Dalmatian or Istrian coast, his name will have an immense effect.
It does not seem reasonable to throw away any chance of saving the Austrian Empire and the peace of Europe.
Lord John Russell will wait till Monday next to learn definitively your Majesty's pleasure.
The proposed letter appears to him to give some hope of preventing great misfortunes. In this belief it is Lord John Russell's duty to endeavour to prevent the frightful war which is impending.
Kossuth is fabricating paper to the extent of from 140 to 300,000,000 of florins to furnish the sinews of insurrection. In the month of March Hungary will be in a blaze. But if Italy, Germany, and France keep away, the fire may burn out of itself.
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
11th February 1861.
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and in returning Lord John's letter begs to submit, that as Lord John is so anxious to send it, and seems so strongly of opinion that it is an effort which might be successful in dissuading Garibaldi from attempting to create disturbances in the Austrian territory by going thither with a band of adventurers, it may be best to let the letter go, though it might perhaps be improved by pointing more directly to the nature of the expedition which it advises Garibaldi not to undertake.
There may be inconveniences which may arise from the letter, but they might be dealt with; on the other hand, if Garibaldi undertakes his expedition, it would be a matter of regret if it could be thought or said that a step which might have prevented the mischief had been omitted.
Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, 12th February 1861.
The Queen has received Lord John Russell's reiterated request for her sanction to his writing to General Garibaldi. She still entertains the same objections to the step, as implying a recognition of the General's position as a European Power as enabling him to allow the impression to prevail, that he is in communication with the British Government and acts under its inspiration, as possibly leading to a prolonged and embarrassing correspondence, and as implying for the future that when the disapprobation of the Government is not expressed (as in the present instance), it gives its consent to his aggressive schemes. The Queen will not prevent, however, Lord John from taking a step which he considers gives a chance of averting a great European calamity. Should Lord John therefore adhere to his opinion, she asks him to let her see the letter again, upon the precise wording of which so much depends.
[Pageheading: A HAPPY ANNIVERSARY]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, 12th February 1861.
MY DEAREST UNCLE,--Many, many thanks for your dear letter of the 8th. Here we have cold again since the day before yesterday, and last night seven degrees of frost. On Sunday we celebrated, with feelings of deep gratitude and love, the twenty-first anniversary of our blessed marriage, a day which had brought us, and I may say the world at large, such incalculable blessings! Very few can say with me that their husband at the end of twenty-one years is not only full of the friendship, kindness, and affection which a truly happy marriage brings with it, but the same tender love of the very first days of our marriage!
We missed dear Mamma and three of our children,[7] but had six dear ones round us--and assembled in the evening those of our Household still remaining who were with us then!...
In Parliament things go on quietly enough, and every one hopes for a short session....
Hoping that these lines will find you well, believe me ever, your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Footnote 7: The Duchess of Kent was at Frogmore; the Princess Royal, now Crown Princess of Prussia, was at Potsdam; the Prince of Wales had just entered upon his first term at Cambridge; and Prince Alfred had joined his ship, the Euryalus, at Plymouth.]
[Pageheading: LORD JOHN RUSSELL AND GARIBALDI]
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
DOWNING STREET, 13th February 1861.
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and begs to state that the Cabinet at its meeting this afternoon were of opinion that Lord John Russell's proposed letter to Garibaldi, as altered by Lord John, might do good, and could scarcely be attended with any material inconvenience, and that therefore it might go.[8]
[Footnote 8: It accordingly was sent in the following form:--
GENERAL,--You did me the honour, some time ago, to write me a letter, thanking me for a speech I made in Parliament.
I was not insensible to the value of that compliment. My present purpose however is not compliment.
I wish you seriously to reconsider your declaration that you propose to begin a war in the Spring.
It seems to me that no individual, however distinguished, has a right to determine for his country the momentous question of peace or war with a foreign State.
Italy, represented by a free Parliament, is about to assemble and declare her own sentiments and wishes.
It is surely for the King and the Parliament together to decide on questions which may involve all Europe in bloodshed.
I cannot believe that you will be the man to give the signal of dissension in Italy. I remain, General, your obedient Servant,
JOHN RUSSELL.
The reply received was as follows:--
CAPRERA, 4th March 1861.
NOBLE LORD,--Italy owes you much gratitude. You, however, judge me somewhat harshly; giving credence to rumours which attribute to me projects that are not known to any one.
I hope to make war again for my country. But I desire that you, deserving as you are of my esteem and attachment, should believe that I will not undertake anything which may injure or be in contradiction with the rights of the King and Parliament of Italy.
I do not love war, Minister, but, in the present condition of my country, it appears most difficult to constitute her in a normal manner, without war.
I am sure that Italy is able to make her war of liberation even this year. The person who directs does not feel the same certainty, and I leave it to you to weigh his motives. I, if I am not called upon by events, shall continue in my retreat, and I will, in every way, endeavour to gain your good-will, and that of the generous nation to whom my country owes so much, etc., etc., etc. I am your devoted Servant,
G. GARIBALDI.]
Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, 22nd February 1861.
The Queen is very glad to see that the Government is seriously taking up the question of iron-sided ships, and looks forward to the result of Lord Palmerston's conference with the Duke of Somerset. The number wanted appears large, but the Queen must add that she does not consider one ship a sufficient preponderance over the French Navy for this country. Twenty-seven to twenty-six would give that number.
[Pageheading: DEATH OF DUCHESS OF KENT]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
FROGMORE, 16th March 1861.
MY DEARLY BELOVED UNCLE,--On this, the most dreadful day of my life, does your poor broken-hearted child write one line of love and devotion. She is gone![9] That precious, dearly beloved tender Mother--whom I never was parted from but for a few months--without whom I can't imagine life--has been taken from us! It is too dreadful! But she is at peace--at rest--her fearful sufferings at an end! It was quite painless--though there was very distressing, heartrending breathing to witness. I held her dear, dear hand in mine to the very last, which I am truly thankful for! But the watching that precious life going out was fearful! Alas! she never knew me! But she was spared the pang of parting! How this will grieve and distress you! You who are now doubly precious to us. Good Alice was with us all through, and deeply afflicted, and wishes to say everything kind to you. Bertie and Lenchen are now here--all much grieved, and have seen her sleeping peacefully and eternally! Dearest Albert is dreadfully overcome--and well he may, for she adored him! I feel so truly verwaist. God bless and protect you. Ever your devoted and truly unhappy Niece and Child,
VICTORIA R.
P.S.--The devotion of dearest Mamma's ladies and maids is not to be described. Their love and their devotion were too touching. There we all were round her--the poor, good, old Clark, who is so devoted to us all. Ever again, your devoted Child,
VICTORIA R.
[Footnote 9: The Duchess of Kent died on the 16th of March. She had had a surgical operation in the arm, on account of an abscess, a short time before, but till the 15th the medical reports had been encouraging. On that day the Queen went to Frogmore, and was with her mother at the time of her death.]
[Pageheading: BEREAVEMENT]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 26th March 1861.
MY DEAREST UNCLE,--Your sad little letter of the 21st reached me on Saturday. On Sunday I took leave of those dearly beloved remains--a dreadful moment; I had never been near a coffin before, but dreadful and heartrending as it was, it was so beautifully arranged that it would have pleased her, and most probably she looked down and blessed us--as we poor sorrowing mortals knelt around, overwhelmed with grief! It was covered with wreaths, and the carpet strewed with sweet, white flowers. I and our daughters did not go yesterday--it would have been far too much for me--and Albert when he returned, with tearful eyes told me it was well I did not go--so affecting had been the sight--so universal the sympathy.
Poor little Arthur went too. I and my girls prayed at home together, and dwelt on her happiness and peace.
But oh! dearest Uncle--the loss--the truth of it--which I cannot, do not realise even when I go (as I do daily) to Frogmore--the blank becomes daily worse!
The constant intercourse of forty-one, years cannot cease without the total want of power of real enjoyment of anything. A sort of cloud which hangs over you, and seems to oppress everything--and a positive weakness in the powers of reflection and mental exertion. The doctors tell me I must not attempt to force this. Long conversation, loud talking, the talking of many people together, I can't bear yet. It must come very gradually....
I try to be, and very often am, quite resigned--but dearest Uncle, this is a life sorrow. On all festive or mournful occasions, on all family events, her love and sympathy will be so fearfully wanting. Then again, except Albert (who I very often don't see but very little in the day), I have no human being except our children, and that is not the same Verhaeltniss, to open myself to; and besides, a woman requires woman's society and sympathy sometimes, as men do men's. All this, beloved Uncle, will show you that, without dwelling constantly upon it, or moping or becoming morbid, though the blank and the loss to me, in my isolated position especially, is such a dreadful, and such an irreparable one, the worst trials are yet to come. My poor birthday, I can hardly think of it! Strange it is how often little trifles, insignificant in themselves, upset one more even than greater things....
But the general sympathy for me, and approval of the manner in which I have shown my grief, as well as the affection and respect for dearest Mamma's memory in the country, is quite wonderful and most touching. Ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Pageheading: RENEWED GRIEF]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, 30th March 1861.
MY DEARLY BELOVED UNCLE,--It is a comfort for me to write to you, and I think you may like to hear from your poor motherless child. It is to-day a fortnight already, and it seems but yesterday--all is before me, and at the same time all, all seems quite impossible. The blank--the desolation--the fearful and awful Sehnsucht und Wehmuth come back with redoubled force, and the weeping, which day after day is my welcome friend, is my greatest relief.
We have an immense deal to do--and everything is in the greatest order; but to open her drawers and presses, and to look at all her dear jewels and trinkets in order to identify everything, and relieve her really excellent servants from all responsibility and anxiety, is like a sacrilege, and I feel as if my heart was being torn asunder! So many recollections of my childhood are brought back to me, and these dumb souvenirs which she wore and used, and which so painfully survive what we so dearly and passionately loved, touch chords in one's heart and soul, which are most painful and yet pleasing too. We have found many most interesting and valuable letters--the existence of which I was not aware of--and which, I think, must have come back with poor Papa's letters, viz. letters from my poor father asking for dearest Mamma's hand--and sending a letter from you, encouraging him to ask her. And many others--very precious letters--from dear Grandmamma; Albert has also found at Clarence House, where he went to-day, many of dear Grandpapa's.[10] ...
Frogmore we mean to keep just as dear Mamma left it--and keep it cheerful and pretty as it still is. I go there constantly; I feel so accustomed to go down the hill, and so attracted to it, for I fancy she must be there.
Was poor dear Grandpapa's death-bed such a sad one? You speak of its distressing impressions.[11] ...
She watches over us now, you may be sure! Ever your devoted, sorrowing Child and Niece,
VICTORIA R.
Albert is so kind, and does all with such tenderness and feeling. Vicky goes on Tuesday, and we on Wednesday, to Osborne, where I think the air and quiet will do me good.
[Footnote 10: Duke Francis Frederick of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, and Duchess Augusta Caroline Sophia, the parents of the Duchess of Kent and King Leopold.]
[Footnote 11: In a recent letter King Leopold had said that he was not quite sixteen years old when his father died (1806), and the elder son, Ernest, being alarmingly ill at Koenigsberg, he was himself called upon to be the support of his mother. "The recollections of that death-bed," he adds, "are fresh in my memory, as if it had been yesterday. I thank God that your recollections of that terrible moment are so peaceful, and that you may preserve an impression ... without any distressing addition."]
[Pageheading: FATHERLY ADVICE]
The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.
LAEKEN, 1st April 1861.
MY BELOVED VICTORIA,--Your dear letter of the 30th moved me very much. I can see everything, and it makes me shed tears of the sincerest sorrow.
The bereavement, the impossibility, they are what one feels most deeply and painfully, that nothing will bring back the beloved object, that there is a rupture with everything earthly that nothing can remedy. Your good, dear Mamma was without ostentation, sincerely religious, a great blessing, and the only solid support we can find. Happy those whose faith cannot be shaken; they can bear the hardships of earthly life with fortitude.
True it is that if we compare the sorrows of our earthly life with the hope of an eternal existence, though painfully felt, still they shrink as it were in appreciation.
You feel so truly, so affectionately, that even in that you must gratify the dear being we lost. When I think of poor Aunt Julia,[12] she was so alone that I cannot help to pity her even in all the objects she valued and left behind; the affectionate care which is shown to everything connected with your dear Mamma could not have existed, and still she was a noble character, and with a warm, generous heart. In all your dear Mamma's letters there will everywhere be found traces of the affection which united us. From early childhood we were close allies; she recollected everything so well of that period which now, since the departure of the two sisters, is totally unknown to every one but me, which, you can imagine, is a most melancholy sensation. Time flies so fast that all dear recollections soon get isolated. Your stay at Osborne will do you good, though Spring, when fine, affects one very much, to think that the one that was beloved does not share in these pleasant sensations. You must try, however, not to shake your precious health too much. Your dear Mamma, who watched your looks so affectionately, would not approve of it.... Your devoted old Uncle,
LEOPOLD R.
[Footnote 12: Sister of King Leopold, and widow of the Grand Duke Constantine, who had lived in retirement at Geneva for many years, and died at Elfenau on the 15th of August 1860.]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
OSBORNE, 9th April 1861.
MY DEARLY BELOVED UNCLE,--Your dear, sad letter of the 5th found a warm response in my poor heart, and I thank you with all my heart for it. I am now most anxiously waiting for an answer to my letter asking you to come to us now. You would, I think, find it soothing, and it would painfully interest you to look over her letters and papers, which make me live in times I heard her talk of when I was a child. It is touching to find how she treasured up every little flower, every bit of hair. I found some of dear Princess Charlotte's, and touching relics of my poor Father, in a little writing-desk of his I had never seen, with his last letters to her, and her notes after his death written in a little book, expressing such longing to be reunited to him! Now she is! And what a comfort it is to think how many very dear ones are gone on before her whom she will find! All these notes show how very, very much she and my beloved Father loved each other. Such love and affection! I hardly knew it was to that extent. Then her love for me--it is too touching! I have found little books with the accounts of my babyhood, and they show such unbounded tenderness! Oh! I am so wretched to think how, for a time, two people most wickedly estranged us!... To miss a mother's friendship--not to be able to have her to confide in--when a girl most needs it, was fearful! I dare not think of it--it drives me wild now! But thank God! that is all passed long, long ago, and she had forgotten it, and only thought of the last very happy years.
And all that was brought by my good angel, dearest Albert, whom she adored, and in whom she had such unbounded confidence....
On Sunday our dear little Beatrice was four years old. It upset me much, for she was the idol of that beloved Grandmamma, and the child so fond of her. She continually speaks of her--how she "is in Heaven," but hopes she will return! She is a most darling, engaging child.... Ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Pageheading: THE DANISH QUESTION]
Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.
OSBORNE, 27th May 1861.
The Queen returns the proposed draft of answer to the observations of the Russian Government on Lord John Russell's proposals with regard to the Danish Question. She has to observe that this reverses the whole position taken by us hitherto. Prince Gortschakoff is quite right in reminding us that the engagements taken in 1852[13] did not contain a formal guarantee (obliging to take up arms for the defence of the object guaranteed) in deference to the opinion of the British Government which, on general principles, has always objected to such engagements. These principles are as important now as ever, and yet Lord John proposes "to renew the guarantee of the integrity of the Danish Monarchy contained in the Treaty of 8th May 1852," thereby giving those engagements the force of a guarantee, which was on principle objected to by us at the time. Both Russia and France in their answers object to such a guarantee now, even with regard to Schleswig alone, as involving the guaranteeing powers in future grave difficulties, and Lord John proposes to extend it to Holstein, a part of Germany and not of Denmark, by way of obviating the difficulty. The Queen cannot give her sanction to this proposal.
[Footnote 13: A Treaty was signed by the European Powers on the 8th of May 1852, by which the succession of the line of Sonderburg-Gluecksburg to the Danish throne was settled, and the integrity of the kingdom guaranteed. See ante, vol. ii., 4th January, 1852.]
[Pageheading: WAR IN AMERICA]
Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.
FOREIGN OFFICE, 30th May 1861.
Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; he has the honour to submit letters from the Emperor and Empress of Austria of a private nature. The Cabinet decided yesterday that the ports of your Majesty's Dominions ought to be closed to the ships of war and privateers of the Belligerents in America.[14] A letter for that object has been sent to the Law Officers of the Crown, and will be, when put into proper form, submitted for your Majesty's approbation.
[Footnote 14: See ante, Introductory Note to Chapter XXX.]
Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.
OSBORNE, 30th May 1861.
The Queen returns these papers. She thinks it of great importance that we should be strong in Canada, and thinks an increase in Artillery as important as the sending of two more battalions, as that Arm cannot be supplied at all by the Colony. The Naval forces would, however, require strengthening even more. It is less likely that the remnant of the United States could send expeditions by land to the North while quarrelling with the South, than that they should commit acts of violence at sea.
Queen Victoria to Lord John Russell.
BUCKINGHAM PALACE, 5th June 1861.
The Queen has perused the accompanying draft to Sir James Hudson. She is of opinion that so important a step as proposals on our part for the solution of the Roman Question, with which we are not directly concerned, and for the solution of which we are for many obvious reasons perhaps the Power possessing the least favourable position, is a subject of such great importance, that it should not be undertaken without the most mature consideration. Has this draft been brought before the Cabinet? The Queen wishes to have their united advice before giving her decision. Her opinion at present is against our volunteering a scheme which will render us responsible for the result of grave complications, from which we have hitherto stood happily quite clear. The Queen wishes these lines to be communicated to the Cabinet.[15]
[Footnote 15: Lord John Russell had written that the withdrawal of the French troops from Rome would probably be followed by tumults and bloodshed; and as both the Roman party and Garibaldi hated the Government of the Pope, and wished to put an end to his temporal power, he suggested that the Pope should be allowed to retain his sovereignty during his lifetime, in a restricted territory and with restricted powers; that Italian troops should occupy the towns and villages outside a limit of five miles from Rome; and that the King of Italy and the Emperor of the French should agree not to recognise the temporal power of any future Pope.]
[Pageheading: DEATH OF CAVOUR]
Lord John Russell to Queen Victoria.
PEMBROKE LODGE, 6th June 1861.
Lord John Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; the despatch relating to Rome had been sent, seeming to Lord John Russell quite unobjectionable. But your Majesty will see that it was instantly suspended, and that Count Cavour is dying.[16] The despatch was solely intended to save the poor old Pope from insult, and Rome from tumult, but beyond this it is of no consequence, and the death of Cavour may give a new complexion to the affairs of Italy.
Nothing will be done on the despatch at present.
[Footnote 16: Count Cavour died at Turin on the 6th of June. It is curious to note that the words of the Emperor Napoleon, on hearing of the death of Cavour, appear to have been "Le cocher est tombe du siege; il faut voir maintenant si les chevaux iront s'emporter, ou rentrer a l'ecurie."]
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
PICCADILLY, 18th June 1861.
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty....
Viscount Palmerston submits a note from Garter King at Arms, by which your Majesty will see that there are now three Garters vacant; and Viscount Palmerston would beg to suggest for your Majesty's consideration that those Garters might appropriately be conferred upon Lord Canning for his great services in India, upon Lord John Russell for his long political services under your Majesty, and upon the Duke of Somerset, senior Duke after the Duke of Norfolk, and the able administrator of an important branch of your Majesty's service.[17]
Viscount Palmerston is not aware whether by the regulations of the Order the Garter could be sent out to Lord Canning in India. If that were possible, it might have the double advantage of strengthening his hands during the remainder of his stay, by affording so public a mark of your Majesty's approval; and moreover of making sure that Lord Canning should receive this mark of your Majesty's royal favour, while the Government is in the hands of an administration similar to that at whose recommendation he was sent out, which perhaps might be more agreeable to his feelings than running the chance, always possible, though Viscount Palmerston hopes it may not be probable, that political combinations might, before his return in May or June 1862, have produced administrative changes.
[Footnote 17: The Duke was First Lord of the Admiralty. All the three Peers mentioned received the Garter early in 1862.]
[Pageheading: DEATH OF LORD CAMPBELL]
Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.
24th June 1861.
The Queen approves of Sir R. Bethell[18] as Lord Campbell's successor. Lord Palmerston is aware of the Queen's objections to the appointment; they will have weighed with him as much as with her. If therefore he finally makes this recommendation, the Queen must assume that under all the circumstances he considers it the best solution of the difficulty, and that his Colleagues take the same view.
[Footnote 18: Lord Campbell died at the age of eighty-two; his successor was created Lord Westbury.]
[Pageheading: THE DUCHESS OF SUTHERLAND]
The Duchess of Sutherland to Queen Victoria.
STAFFORD HOUSE, 26th June 1861.
MADAM,--I shall never forget your Majesty and the Prince's kindness.[19]
I am anxious to tell your Majesty as strongly as it was, what his feeling was of my service to your Majesty; he approved and delighted in it; dear as it was to me--it could not have been if this had not been so, nor those occasional absences, if he had not had devoted children when I was away; still, when the great parting comes one grudges every hour, and the yearning is terrible.
Even in his last illness he showed an anxious feeling, as if he feared I might resign, saying that I knew what an interest it had been to him, how he had liked hearing of the Queen and her family. He spoke very late in life of your Majesty's constant kindness. This feeling and early associations made him take a great interest in the Princess Royal's marriage, which did not leave him. If it ever crossed your Majesty--if your Majesty should ever feel that I might have been devoted, if I had had but one service, pray believe that he took the greatest pleasure and pride in that other great service; and that therefore he really felt it best it should be so.
Since I have written this I have received your Majesty's most kind letter--and the precious gift of the photograph so wonderfully like, and rendering exactly that most kind and loving countenance. I shall like much sending one to your Majesty of my dearest husband.
I repeat to myself the precious word that I am dear to your Majesty again and again; and that my love to your Majesty was returned. How often I shall think of this in my altered life, in my solitude of heart! The admiration I have ever felt for the Prince has been one of the great pleasures of my life; that he should be your Majesty's husband, a constant thankfulness. I feel I owe him much, and that great approbation and admiration are not barren feelings. I have the honour to remain, Madam, your Majesty's devoted Subject,
HARRIET SUTHERLAND.
I fear I have written worse than usual--I can hardly see to do so--weak eyes and tears.
[Footnote 19: The Duke of Sutherland had died in the preceding February.]
[Pageheading: MR LAYARD]
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
PICCADILLY, 8th July 1861.
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and begs to state that Lord Elcho[20] this afternoon moved a Resolution that the new Foreign Office should not be built in the Palladian style. Mr Charles Buxton seconded the Motion. Mr Cowper[21] opposed it, stating reasons for preferring the Italian style to the Gothic. Mr Layard was for neither, but seemed to wish that somebody would invent a new style of architecture. Mr Tite,[22] the architect, was strongly for the Italian style; Lord John Manners, swayed by erroneous views in religion and taste, was enthusiastic for Gothic;[23] Mr Dudley Fortescue confided in a low voice to a limited range of hearers some weak arguments in favour of Gothic; Mr Osborne seemed to be against everything that anybody had ever proposed, and wanted to put off the building till some plan better suited to his own taste should have been invented. Viscount Palmerston answered the objections made to the Italian plan, and Lord Elcho's Motion was negatived by 188 to 75. The House then went into Committee of Supply, and the first estimate being that for the Foreign Office, some of the Gothic party who had not been able to deliver their speeches on Lord Elcho's Motion, let them off on this estimate....
[Footnote 20: Now Earl of Wemyss.]
[Footnote 21: Mr William Cowper, at this time First Commissioner of Works.]
[Footnote 22: Mr (afterwards Sir) William Tite, was now Member for Bath; he had been the architect entrusted with the task of rebuilding the Royal Exchange.]
[Footnote 23: Mr Gilbert Scott had made his first designs for the new Foreign Office in the Gothic style; his appointment as architect for the building was made by the Derby Government, but the scheme which they favoured, for a Gothic building, was opposed by Lord Palmerston, and Scott adopted the Italian style in deference to his views.]
Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.
OSBORNE, 24th July 1861.
The Queen is sorry that she cannot alter her determination about Mr Layard.[24] She fully recognises the importance of the Parliamentary exigencies; but the Queen cannot sacrifice to them the higher interests of the country. Neither Mr Layard nor Mr Osborne ought to be proposed as representatives of the Foreign Office in the House of Commons, and therefore of the Crown to foreign countries. If Lord Palmerston can bring Mr Layard into office in some other place, to get his assistance in the House of Commons, she will not object.
[Footnote 24: In the course of July, Lord John Russell, who had entered Parliament for the first time in 1813, was raised to the Peerage as Earl Russell and Viscount Amberley. To supply the loss to the Government of two such powerful debaters as Lord Russell and Lord Herbert, Lord Palmerston had suggested Mr Layard as Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, mentioning also the claims of Mr Bernal Osborne.]
[Pageheading: MR LAYARD]
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
94 PICCADILLY, 24th July 1861.
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and regrets very much to find that he has not succeeded in removing your Majesty's objections to Mr Layard as Under-Secretary of State for the Foreign Department; but he still hopes that he may be able to do so. If he rightly understands your Majesty's last communication on this subject, he is led to infer that your Majesty's main objection is founded on a dislike that Mr Layard should be the representative and organ of the Foreign Policy of the Crown in the House of Commons.
With regard to his being a subordinate officer in the Foreign Office, your Majesty's sanction to that was obtained in 1851-52, when Mr Layard was Under-Secretary to Lord Granville. His tenure of office at that time was short; not from any fault of his, but because the Government of that day was overthrown by Viscount Palmerston's Motion in the House of Commons in February 1852 about the Militia; and Lord Granville speaks highly of Mr Layard's performance of his official duties at that time. There is no reason, but the reverse, for thinking him less competent now than then; and an Under-Secretary of State is only the instrument and mouthpiece of his principal to say what he is told, and to write what he is bid.
With regard to Mr Layard's position in the House of Commons, he would in no respect be the representative of the Foreign Policy of the country; that function will belong to Viscount Palmerston, now that the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs will be removed to the House of Lords, and it will be Viscount Palmerston's duty and care to see that nobody infringes upon that function. Mr Layard would be useful to answer unimportant questions as to matters of fact, but all questions involving the Foreign Policy of the country will be answered by Viscount Palmerston as head of the Government, as was done when Lord Clarendon was Foreign Secretary and in the House of Lords. But there are not unfrequently great debates on Foreign Affairs in the House of Commons, and there are many members, some of them not perhaps of great weight, who join in attacks on such matters. It is of great importance to your Majesty's Government to have a sufficient number of speakers on such occasions. Lord John Russell and Lord Herbert were ready and powerful. Mr Gladstone is almost the only one on the Treasury Bench who follows up foreign questions close enough to take an active part; it would be of great advantage to Viscount Palmerston to have as assistant on such occasions a man like Mr Layard, knowing the details of matters discussed, able to make a good speech in reply to Mr Fitzgerald, or Mr Baillie Cochrane,[25] or Mr Hennessy,[26] or Sir G. Bowyer,[27] and who would shape his course in strict conformity with the line which might be chalked out for him by Viscount Palmerston. Your Majesty need therefore be under no apprehension that Mr Layard or anybody else, who might in the House of Commons hold the office of Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, would appear to the world as the organ or representative of the Foreign Policy of your Majesty's Government. With respect to giving Mr Layard any other office of the same kind, there is none other in which he could be placed without putting into the Foreign Office somebody far less fit for it, and putting Mr Layard into some office for which he is far less fit. His fitness is for the Foreign Department, and to use the illustration, which was a favourite one of the late Mr Drummond, it would be putting the wrong man into the wrong hole. Viscount Palmerston has, as charged with the conduct of the business of the Government in the House of Commons, sustained a severe loss by the removal of two most able and useful colleagues, Lord Herbert and Lord John Russell, and he earnestly hopes that your Majesty will be graciously pleased to assist him in his endeavours, not indeed to supply their place, but in some degree to lessen the detriment which their removal has occasioned.
[Footnote 25: Afterwards Lord Lamington.]
[Footnote 26: Mr (afterwards Sir) John Pope Hennessy, M.P. for King's County.]
[Footnote 27: M.P. for Dundalk.]
[Pageheading: MR LAYARD]
Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.
OSBORNE, 25th July 1861.
The Prince has reported to the Queen all that Lord Palmerston said to him on the subject of Mr Layard; this has not had the effect of altering her opinion as to the disqualifications of that gentleman for the particular office for which Lord Palmerston proposes him. This appointment would, in the Queen's opinion, be a serious evil. If Lord Palmerston on sincere self-examination should consider that without it the difficulty of carrying on his Government was such as to endanger the continuance of its success, the Queen will, of course, have to admit an evil for the country in order to avert a greater. She still trusts, however, that knowing the nature of the Queen's objections, he will not place her in this dilemma.
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
94 PICCADILLY, 26th July 1861.
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and begs to be allowed to make his grateful and respectful acknowledgments for your Majesty's gracious and condescending acquiescence in his recommendation of Mr Layard for the appointment of Under-Secretary of State for the Foreign Department. It is always a source of most sincere pain to Viscount Palmerston to find himself differing, on any point, in opinion with your Majesty, a respect for whose soundness of judgment, and clearness of understanding, must always lead him to distrust the value of his own conclusions when they differ from those to which your Majesty has arrived. But the question about Mr Layard turned mainly upon considerations connected with the conduct of public business of your Majesty's Government in the House of Commons.
Viscount Palmerston sits in that House four days in every week during the Session of Parliament, from half-past four in the afternoon to any hour however late after midnight at which the House may adjourn. It is his duty carefully to watch the proceedings of the House, and to observe and measure the fluctuating bearings of Party and of sectional associations on the present position of the Government, and on its chances for the future; and he is thus led to form conclusions as to persons and parties which may not equally strike, or with equal force, those who from without and from higher regions may see general results without being eye- and ear-witnesses of the many small and successive details out of which those results are built up.
It was thus that Viscount Palmerston was led to a strong conviction that the proposed appointment of Mr Layard would be a great advantage to your Majesty's Government as regards the conduct of business in the House of Commons, and the position of your Majesty's Government in that House; and he is satisfied that he will be able to prevent Mr Layard in any subsidiary part which he may have to take in any discussion on foreign questions, from departing from the line which may be traced out for him by Lord John Russell and Viscount Palmerston....
[Pageheading: THE KING OF SWEDEN]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
OSBORNE, 13th August 1861.
MY BELOVED UNCLE,--Since Saturday we have great heat. Our King of Sweden[28] arrived yesterday evening. We went out in the yacht to meet him, and did so; but his ship going slow, the dress of the hohen Herrn only arrived at a quarter to nine, and we only sat down to dinner at a quarter past nine! The King and Prince Oscar[29] are very French, and very Italian! I think that there is a dream of a Scandinavian Kingdom floating before them. The King is a fine-looking man.... He is not at all difficult to get on with, and is very civil. Oscar is very amiable and mild, and very proud of his three little boys. They leave again quite early to-morrow.
Our dear children leave us, alas! on Friday quite early, for Antwerp.[30] It will again be a painful trial! Their stay has been very pleasant and gemuethlich, and we have seen more of and known dear Fritz more thoroughly than we ever did before, and really he is very excellent, and would, I am convinced, make an excellent King. The little children are very great darlings, and we shall miss them sadly.
On the 16th we go to poor, dear Frogmore, and on the 17th we shall visit that dear grave! Last year she was still so well, and so full of life; but it was a very sad birthday, two days after the loss of that dear beloved sister, whom she has joined so soon! Oh! the agony of Wehmuth, the bitterness of the blank, do not get better with time! Beloved Mamma, how hourly she is in my mind!
The King of Prussia will have great pleasure in visiting you at Wiesbaden; he will arrive at Ostend on the 16th....
Good-bye, and God bless you, dearest Uncle. Ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Footnote 28: Charles XV., who succeeded to the throne in 1859.]
[Footnote 29: Brother and heir to Charles XV., whom he succeeded, as Oscar II., in 1872; died 1907.]
[Footnote 30: The Crown Prince and Princess of Prussia, accompanied by their two children, were on a visit to the Queen.]
[Pageheading: SWEDISH POLITICS]
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
DOWNING STREET, 14th August 1861.
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and hastens to answer the enquiry contained in your Majesty's note, which was delivered to him at Southampton. He must, in the first place, explain that much of what was said to him by the King of Sweden and by Prince Oscar was not clearly understood by him. They would both speak English--which they spoke with difficulty and in an indistinct utterance of voice--and he did not like to break the conversation into French, because to have done so would have looked like a condemnation of their English, of any imperfection of which they did not seem to be at all conscious.
The King was very guarded in all he said about France; the Prince spoke with more freedom and with less caution. The result of what Viscount Palmerston gathered from their conversation, and perhaps for this purpose they may be put together, because they probably both feel and think nearly alike, though the Prince lets his thoughts out more than the King, may be summed up as follows.
They were much pleased and flattered by the kind and friendly reception given them by the French Emperor, and both he and they seem to have had present to their minds that the existing Royal Family of Sweden is descended from General Bernadotte--a General in the Army of the First Napoleon. They think the French Emperor sincerely desirous of maintaining his alliance with England, believing it to be for his interest to do so. But they consider the French Nation essentially aggressive, and they think that the Emperor is obliged to humour that national feeling, and to follow, as far as the difference of circumstances will allow, the policy of his Uncle. They consider the principle of nationalities to be the deciding principle of the day, and accordingly Venetia ought to belong to Italy, Poland ought to be severed from Russia, and Finland ought to be restored to Sweden. Holstein should be purely German with its own Duke, Schleswig should be united to Denmark, and when the proper time comes, Denmark, so constituted, ought to form one Monarchy with Sweden and Norway. But they see that there are great if not insuperable obstacles to all these arrangements, and they do not admit that the Emperor of the French talked to them about these things, or about the map of Europe revised for 1860. They lamented the dangerous state of the Austrian Empire by reason of its financial embarrassments, and its differences between Vienna and Hungary. They admitted the difficulty of re-establishing a Polish State, seeing that Russia, Prussia, and Austria are all interested in preventing it; but they thought that Russia might make herself amends to the Eastward for giving up part of her Polish possessions.
They said the Swedes would be more adverse than the Danes to a Union of Denmark with Sweden. They said the Finns are writhing under the Russian yoke, and emigrate in considerable numbers to Sweden. They think Russia paralysed for ten years to come by her war against England and France, by her internal changes, and her money embarrassments. When the Prince asked Viscount Palmerston to sit down, it was for the purpose of urging in the strongest and most earnest manner that some British ships of war, or even one single gunboat, if more could not be spared, should every year visit the Baltic, and make a cruise in that sea. He said that the British Flag was never seen there, although Great Britain has great interests, commercial and political, in that sea. That especially for Sweden it would be a great support if a British man-of-war were every year to show itself in Swedish waters. He said that our Navy know little or nothing of the Baltic, and when a war comes, as happened in the late war with Russia, our ships are obliged, as it were, to feel their way about in the dark; that the Russians send ships of war into British ports--why should not England send ships of war into Russian ports? That we survey seas at the other side of the Globe, why should we not survey a sea so near to us as the Baltic; that as far as Sweden is concerned, British ships would be most cordially received. I said that this should receive due consideration; and in answer to a question he said the best time for a Baltic cruise would be from the middle of June to the latter end of August.
They both thought the Emperor of the French extremely popular in France--but, of course, they only saw outward demonstrations. They are very anxious for the maintenance of the Anglo-French Alliance; and they think the Emperor obliged to keep a large Army and to build a strong Navy in order to please and satisfy the French Nation. Such is the summary of the impression made upon Viscount Palmerston by the answers and observations drawn out by him in his conversations with the King and the Prince; most of these things were said as above reported, some few of the above statements are perhaps inferences and conclusions drawn from indirect answers and remarks.
[Pageheading: SWEDEN AND DENMARK]
[Pageheading: FRANCE AND SWEDEN]
Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.
OSBORNE, 18th August 1861.
The Queen is very much obliged to Lord Palmerston for his detailed account of his conversation with the King of Sweden, and sends both Memorandums back to him in accordance with his wishes, in the expectation of having them returned to her after they shall have been copied.
The King may have been embarrassed by the presence of the Crown Prince of Prussia here at Osborne, and have on that account postponed speaking openly to Lord Palmerston. His desire to acquire Denmark and Finland is not unnatural, and would not be very dangerous; but the important part of the matter is, that the Emperor Napoleon has evidently tried to bribe him for his schemes by such expectations. After having established a large kingdom, dependent upon him and possessing a fleet, in the South of Europe on his right flank, he evidently tries to establish by the same means a similar power on his left flank in the North. If then the Revolution of Poland and Hungary takes Germany also in the rear, he will be exactly in the all-powerful position which his Uncle held, and at which he himself aims, with that one difference: that, unlike his Uncle, who had to fight England all the time (who defended desperately her interests in Europe), he tries to effect his purposes in alliance with England, and uses for this end our own free Press and in our own free country!
The Polish and Hungarian Revolutions (perhaps the Russian) and the assistance which may be (nobly?) given to them by Sweden, can easily be made as popular in this country as the Italian has, and efforts to produce this result are fully visible already. The position and prospects of the Ally, when the Emperor shall have the whole Continent at his feet, and the command of the Mediterranean and the Baltic, will not be a very pleasant one. Moreover, the Ally will probably have irritated him and the French Nation all the time by abusing them, and by showing that, although we may have approved of her policy, we did not intend that France should reap any benefits from it. All this is probably not thought of by our journalists, but requires the serious attention of our statesmen.
Lord Palmerston will perhaps show this letter to Lord Russell when he sends him the copies of the Memoranda, which he will probably do.
[Pageheading: FROGMORE]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
OSBORNE, 20th August 1861.
MY BELOVED UNCLE,--Before I thank you for your dear letter of the 14th, or at least before I answer it, I wish to tell you how soothed I was by that visit to that lovely peaceful Mausoleum at Frogmore.
We parted from our dear children and grandchildren with heavy hearts at seven on the morning of the 16th, for their visit, excepting the blank which clouds over everything, has been most peaceful and satisfactory, and we have learnt to know and most highly appreciate the great excellence of dear Fritz's character; noble, high-principled, so anxious to do what is right, and to improve in every way, and so sweet-tempered and affectionate--so, beyond everything, devoted to Vicky.
I thought much of poor, dear Aunt Julia on the 15th; that loss was the signal for my irreparable one!
We went that afternoon (16th) to Frogmore, where we slept. The first evening was terribly trying, and I must say quite overpowered me for a short time; all looked like life, and yet she was not there! But I got calmer; the very fact of being surrounded by all she liked, and of seeing the dear pretty house inhabited again, was a satisfaction, and the next morning was beautiful, and we went after breakfast with wreaths up to the Mausoleum, and into the vault which is a plain-pied, and so pretty--so airy--so grand and simple, that, affecting as it is, there was no anguish or bitterness of grief, but calm repose! We placed the wreaths upon the splendid granite sarcophagus, and at its feet, and felt that only the earthly robe we loved so much was there. The pure, tender, loving spirit which loved us so tenderly, is above us--loving us, praying for us, and free from all suffering and woe--yes, that is a comfort, and that first birthday in another world must have been a far brighter one than any in this poor world below! I only grieve now that we should be going so far away from Frogmore, as I long to go there; only Alice and dear Augusta Bruce[31](who feels as a daughter of hers) went with us. The morning was so beautiful, and the garden so lovely!...
The news from Austria are very sad, and make one very anxious. The King of Sweden is full of wild notions put into his head by the Emperor Napoleon, for whom he has the greatest admiration!...
It is high time I should end my long letter. With Albert's affectionate love, ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Footnote 31: Lady Augusta Bruce, who bad been living with the Duchess of Kent at the time of her death, was appointed by the Queen to be her resident Bedchamber Woman.]
[Pageheading: VISIT TO IRELAND]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
VICE-REGAL LODGE, PHOENIX PARK, 26th August 1861.
MY BELOVED UNCLE,--Not to miss your messenger I write a few hurried lines to thank you for your two dear letters of the 16th and the 22nd, the last of which I received yesterday morning here.... Would to God that affairs in Hungary took a favourable turn--mais j'en ai bien peur. We had a very good passage on Wednesday night, since which it has blown very hard. We left Osborne on Wednesday morning (21st) at quarter to nine, and anchored in Kingstown Bay at half-past eleven that night. The next day (22nd) we landed at eleven and came here, and it rained the whole day. On Saturday we all went over to the camp, where there was a field-day. It is a fine emplacement with beautiful turf. We had two cooling showers. Bertie marched past with his company, and did not look at all so very small.
Yesterday was again a very bad day. I have felt weak and very nervous, and so low at times; I think so much of dearest mamma, and miss her love and interest and solicitude dreadfully; I feel as if we were no longer cared for, and miss writing to her and telling her everything, dreadfully. At the Review they played one of her marches, which entirely upset me.
Good Lord Carlisle[32] is most kind and amiable, and so much beloved. We start for Killarney at half-past twelve. This is the dearest of days, and one which fills my heart with love, gratitude, and emotion. God bless and protect for ever my beloved Albert--the purest and best of human beings! We miss our four little ones and baby sadly, but have our four eldest (except poor Vicky) with us.
Now good-bye, dearest Uncle. Ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Footnote 32: Lord Carlisle was Viceroy in both the administrations of Lord Palmerston; as Lord Morpeth he had been Chief Secretary in the Melbourne Government.]
Queen Victoria to Earl Canning.
BALMORAL, 9th September 1861.
The Queen has not heard of Lord Canning for some time, but is happy to hear indirectly that he is well, and that everything is going on well under his admirable administration.
It is most gratifying to the Queen to see how peaceful her Indian Dominions are, and considering the very alarming state of affairs during the years 1857, '58, and even '59, it must be a source of unbounded satisfaction and pride to Lord Canning to witness this state of prosperity at the end of his Government.
As Lord Canning will now soon return to England, the Queen is anxious to offer him the Rangership of the Park at Blackheath, with the house which dear Lord Aberdeen had for some years, hoping that he might find it acceptable and agreeable from its vicinity to London.[33]
[Footnote 33: Lord Aberdeen had died on the 14th of December 1860.]
[Pageheading: THE ORLEANS PRINCES]
The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.
LAEKEN, 17th October 1861.
MY BELOVED VICTORIA,--Receive my sincerest thanks for your dear letter of the 14th, which arrived very exactly. I am so happy to see all the good which your stay in the Highlands has done you, and I am sure it will be lasting, though Windsor must have the effect of reviving strongly some feelings.... When one looks back on those times, one must say that they were full of difficulties, and one ought to feel very grateful that such a happy present has grown out of them. I regret much Paris and Robert[34] having joined the Federal Army, mixing in a civil war!! The object is to show courage, to be able to say: "Ils se sont beaucoup distingues." They have a chance of being shot for Abraham Lincoln and the most rank Radicalism. I don't think that step will please in France, where Radicalism is at discount fortunately. The poor Queen is very unhappy about it, but now nothing can be done, only one may wish to see them well out of it. Poor Queen! constantly new events painful to her assail her. I had rather a kind letter from the Emperor Napoleon about the state of Mexico. I fear he will find his wishes to see there a stable Government not much liked in England, though his plans are not for any advantage France is to derive from it. To-morrow we go to Liege to be in readiness for the following day. The King William III.[35] will arrive for dinner, stay the night, and go very early on Sunday. He will be extremely well received here, his procede being duly appreciated. To be very civilly received in a country which one was heir to, is rather un peu penible, and one feels a little awkward.... Your devoted and only Uncle,
LEOPOLD R.
[Footnote 34: The Comte de Paris and the Duc de Chartres, sons of the Duc d'Orleans, eldest son of King Louis Philippe.]
[Footnote 35: The King of Holland.]
[Pageheading: THE COURT OF HANOVER]
The Duchess of Manchester[36] to Queen Victoria.
HANOVER [Undated. October 1861].
MADAM,--Though your Majesty has only very lately seen the Princess Royal, I cannot refrain from addressing your Majesty, as I am sure your Majesty will be pleased to hear how well Her Royal Highness was looking during the Man[oe]uvres on the Rhine, and how much she seems to be beloved, not only by all those who know her, but also by those who have only seen and heard of her. The English could not help feeling proud of the way the Princess Royal was spoken of, and the high esteem she is held in. For one so young it is a most flattering position, and certainly as the Princess's charm of manner and her kind unaffected words had in that short time won her the hearts of all the officers and strangers present, one was not astonished at the praise the Prussians themselves bestow on Her Royal Highness. The Royal Family is so large, and their opinions politically and socially sometimes so different, that it must have been very difficult indeed at first for the Princess Royal, and people therefore cannot praise enough the high principles, great discretion, sound judgment, and cleverness Her Royal Highness has invariably displayed.
Your Majesty would have been amused to hear General Wrangel[37] tell at the top of his voice how delighted the soldiers were to see the Princess on horseback, and the interest she showed for them. What pleased them specially was to see Her Royal Highness ride without a veil--such an odd thing in soldiers to remark. The King of Prussia is looking very well, but the Queen I thought very much altered. Her Majesty looks very pale and tired, and has such a painful drawn look about the mouth. How the Queen will be able to go through all the fatigues of the Coronation I do not know, as Her Majesty already complained of being tired, and knocked up by the man[oe]vres and dinners, and had to go to Mentz for a few days to rest herself. Their Majesties' kindness was very great, and the Duke told me of the extreme hospitality with which they were entertained. Every one, high and low, were rivalling each other in civility and friendliness towards the strangers, especially the English, and one really felt quite ashamed of those wanton attacks the Times always makes on Prussia, and which are read and copied into all the Prussian papers. The last night all the officers dined together. General Forey put himself into the President's place and insisted, to the exclusion of Lord Clyde, who was by far the senior officer, and who was expected to do it, on proposing the health of the King, the Royal Family, the Army, and Nation. Not content with doing it in French, he drew out of his pocket a document written for him in German, for he did not know the language, and read it with the most extraordinary pronunciation. The English officers all admired the way the Germans kept their countenance notwithstanding the absurdity of the exhibition.
On the 21st they have had great doings here at Hanover. I hear that to the astonishment of everybody the Queen appeared at the Enthuellung, where all other people were en grande tenue, in a little small round hat with a lilac feather. Her Maids of Honour--she has only one now besides that English Miss Stewart--were ordered to wear hats to keep Her Majesty in countenance. I wonder if your Majesty has read the speech the King has addressed to his people on the occasion of the Enthuellung and the Crown Prince's birthday. It cannot fail to excite the greatest pity that such things, however well meant, should be written. Has your Majesty also heard of the pamphlet that has been published here called Das Welfe--that name Welfe is quite an idee fixe of the King now, and he brings it in on every occasion, and this pamphlet is written throwing the whole idea into ridicule, and beginning with the last years of the late King's reign. The Crown Prince[38] is very much liked, but, unfortunately, his new tutor will probably also leave very shortly--he has no authority over him, the Prince still regretting M. de Issendorf. Besides, he is not allowed to exercise his judgment in the smallest way--the King going on the principle that a King only can educate a King. The reason the other tutor left, or was dismissed, was partly on account of his remonstrating against the religious instructions, which were carried so far that the Prince had hardly any time left to learn other things. Besides the Prince, who dislikes the clergyman, had drawn a caricature, to which the man very much gives himself, and the King thought M. de Issendorf had known of it, which turned out not to be the case.... I have the honour to remain, your Majesty's most obedient and devoted Servant and Subject,
LOUISE MANCHESTER.
[Footnote 36: Louise Frederica Augusta, wife of the seventh Duke of Manchester, and Mistress of the Robes. She was daughter of the Count von Alten of Hanover, and is now Dowager Duchess of Devonshire.]
[Footnote 37: The Queen had met General von Wrangel at Babelsberg in August 1858. "He is seventy-six," she wrote, "and a great character." He had commanded a division in the Danish war of 1848, and it had fallen to him in the same year, as Commandant of the troops, to dissolve the Berlin Assembly by force.]
[Footnote 38: Prince Ernest Augustus, born 1845; the present Duke of Cumberland.]
[Pageheading: CORONATION OF KING OF PRUSSIA]
[Pageheading: A BRILLIANT CEREMONY]
[Pageheading: DISTINGUISHED GUESTS]
The Crown Princess of Prussia to Queen Victoria.
KOENISBERG, 19th October 1861.
MY BELOVED MAMMA,--Last night I could not write to you as I would have wished, because I felt so knocked up that I went to bed. I have got such a very bad cold on my chest, with a cough that leaves me no rest, and of course cannot take care of myself, and am obliged to stand and sit in every sort of draught with a low gown and without a cloak, so it is no wonder to have caught cold. I have not had a cough since I don't know when. I should like to be able to describe yesterday's ceremony to you, but I cannot find words to tell you how fine and how touching it was; it really was a magnificent sight! The King looked so very handsome and so noble with the crown on; it seemed to suit him so exactly. The Queen, too, looked beautiful, and did all she had to do with perfect grace, and looked so vornehm; I assure you the whole must have made a great impression on everybody present, and all those to whom I have talked on the subject quite share my feeling. The moment when the King put the crown on the Queen's head was very touching, I think there was hardly a dry eye in the church. The Schlosshof was the finest, I thought--five bands playing "God save the Queen," banners waving in all directions, cheers so loud that they quite drowned the sound of the music, and the procession moving slowly on, the sky without a cloud; and all the uniforms, and the ladies' diamonds glittering in the bright sunlight. I shall never forget it all, it was so very fine! Dearest Fritz's birthday being chosen for the day made me very happy; he was in a great state of emotion and excitement, as you can imagine, as we all were. Mr Thomas[39] was in the chapel. I hope he will have been able to take down some useful memoranda. The Grand Duke of Weimar,[40] the King and ourselves, have ordered drawings of him.
The coup d'[oe]il was really beautiful; the chapel is in itself lovely, with a great deal of gold about it, and all hung with red velvet and gold--the carpet, altar, thrones and canopies the same. The Knights of the Black Eagle with red velvet cloaks, the Queen's four young ladies all alike in white and gold, the two Palastdamen in crimson velvet and gold, and the Oberhofmeisterin in gold and white brocade with green velvet, Marianne and Addy in red and gold and red and silver; I, in gold with ermine and white satin, my ladies, one in blue velvet, the other in red velvet, and Countess Schulenberg, together with the two other Oberhofmeisterin of the other Princesses, in violet velvet and gold. All these colours together looked very beautiful, and the sun shone, or rather poured in at the high windows, and gave quite magic tinges.
The music was very fine, the chorales were sung so loud and strong that it really quite moved one. The King was immensely cheered, wherever he appeared--also the Queen, and even I.
There were illuminations last night, but I did not go to see them, as I was too tired and felt so unwell. There are five degrees of cold (Reaumur), and one is exposed to draughts every minute.
Sixteen hundred people dined in the Schloss last night! The King and Queen were most kind to me yesterday; the King gave me a charming little locket for his hair, and only think--what will sound most extraordinary, absurd, and incredible to your ears--made me Second Chef of the 2nd Regiment of Hussars! I laughed so much, because really I thought it was a joke--it seemed so strange for ladies; but the Regiments like particularly having ladies for their Chefs! The Queen and the Queen Dowager have Regiments, but I believe I am the first Princess on whom such an honour is conferred.
The Archduke addressed the King yesterday, in the name of all the foreign Princes present, in a very pretty speech.
It is such a pleasure to see good Philip here, and the two Portuguese cousins. Juan[41] is very nice, but he does not talk much; he has a very fine, tall figure, and is nice-looking. I should think he must be like his father. Prince Hohenzollern [42] is become Royal Highness, and the title is to descend to his eldest son. Half Europe is here, and one sees the funniest combinations in the world. It is like a happy family shut up in a cage! The Italian Ambassador sat near Cardinal Geisel, and the French one opposite the Archduke. The Grand Duke Nicolas is here--he is so nice--also the Crown Prince of Wuertemberg,[43] Crown Prince of Saxony,[44] Prince Luitpold of Bavaria,[45] Prince Charles of Hesse[46] (who nearly dies of fright and shyness amongst so many people), and Heinrich; Prince Elimar of Oldenburg,[47] Prince Frederic of the Netherlands,[48] and the Grand Duke and Duchess of Weimar, who wish to be most particularly remembered to you and Papa.
The King and Queen are most kind to Lord Clarendon, and make a marked difference between their marked cordiality to him and the stiff etiquette with which the other Ambassadors are received.
I think he is pleased with what he sees. The King has given the Queen the Order of the Black Eagle in diamonds. I write all these details, as you wish them, at the risk of their not interesting you, besides my being, as you know, a very bad hand at descriptions. I shall make a point of your having newspapers.
I am unable to appear at the cour this morning, as my cough is too violent: I hope to be able to be at the concert this evening, but I own it seems very doubtful. The state dinner looked very well; we were waited on by our Kammerherren and pages--the King being waited on by the Oberhofchargen--and our ladies stood behind our chairs. After the first two dishes are round, the King asks to drink, and that is the signal for the ladies and gentlemen to leave the room and go to dinner, while the Pages of Honour continue to serve the whole dinner really wonderfully well, poor boys, considering it is no easy task.
To-morrow we leave Koenigsberg for Dantzic--we have not had one day's bad weather here, nothing but sunshine and a bright blue sky. I was so glad that Heaven smiled upon us yesterday, it would have been so sad if it had poured; it looked a little threatening early in the morning and a few drops fell, but it cleared completely before nine o'clock.
Fritz would thank you for your dear letters himself, but he is at the University, where they have elected him Rector Magnificus, and where he has to make a speech. We have all got our servants and carriages and horses here every day--300 footmen in livery, together with other servants in livery, make 400. All the standards and colours of the whole Army are here, and all the Colonels. Altogether, you cannot imagine what a crush and what a scramble there is on every occasion; there was a man crushed to death in the crowd the other day, which is quite dreadful. I must say good-bye now, and send this scrawl by a messenger, whom Lord Clarendon means to expedite. Ever your most dutiful and affectionate Daughter,
VICTORIA.
[Footnote 39: George Housman Thomas, artist (1824-1868). The picture he produced on this occasion was entitled, Homage of the Princess Royal at the Coronation of the King of Prussia.]
[Footnote 40: Charles Alexander, 1818-1901, grandfather of the present Grand Duke.]
[Footnote 41: Prince John, brother of King Pedro, was making a tour with his elder brother, Louis, the Duc d'Oporto.]
[Footnote 42: Prince Charles Anthony of Hohenzollern was the father of the young Queen Stephanie of Portugal, who had died in 1859.]
[Footnote 43: Prince Charles Frederick, 1823-1891.]
[Footnote 44: Prince Albert, who became King in 1873.]
[Footnote 45: Brother of King Maximilian II.]
[Footnote 46: Son of the Elector Frederick William I.]
[Footnote 47: Brother of the reigning Grand Duke.]
[Footnote 48: Uncle of the King of Holland.]
[Pageheading: THE PRINCESS ROYAL]
The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.
KOENIGSBERG, 19th October 1861.
Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and humbly hopes that your Majesty will not be displeased at his not having written sooner, but every moment has been occupied by fetes and ceremonies here, and the visits to Royal Personages, who are in great numbers, and Lord Clarendon also wished to delay sending off the messenger until the Coronation was over.
That most interesting and imposing ceremony took place yesterday, and with the most complete and unalloyed success; everything was conducted with the most perfect order; the service not too long, the vocal music enchanting, but the great feature of the ceremony was the manner in which the Princess Royal did homage to the King. Lord Clarendon is at a loss for words to describe to your Majesty the exquisite grace and the intense emotion with which Her Royal Highness gave effect to her feelings on the occasion. Many an older as well as younger man than Lord Clarendon, who had not his interest in the Princess Royal, were quite as unable as himself to repress their emotion at that which was so touching, because so unaffected and sincere....
If His Majesty had the mind, the judgment, and the foresight of the Princess Royal, there would be nothing to fear, and the example and influence of Prussia would soon be marvellously developed. Lord Clarendon has had the honour to hold a very long conversation with Her Royal Highness, and has been more than ever astonished at the statesmanlike and comprehensive views which she takes of the policy of Prussia, both internal and foreign, and of the duties of a Constitutional King.
Lord Clarendon is not at all astonished, but very much pleased, to find how appreciated and beloved Her Royal Highness is by all classes. Every member of the Royal Family has spoken of her to Lord Clarendon in terms of admiration, and through various channels he has had opportunities of learning how strong the feeling of educated and enlightened people is towards Her Royal Highness. All persons say most truly that any one who saw Her Royal Highness yesterday can never forget her.
Lord Clarendon is sorry to say that the Princess Royal has a feverish cold to-day--nothing at all serious--and as Her Royal Highness stayed in bed this afternoon, did not attend the great concert at the Palace this evening, and, as Lord Clarendon hopes, will not go to Dantzic to-morrow, Her Royal Highness will probably be quite fit for the many fatiguing duties she will have to perform next week....
[Pageheading: THE EMPEROR NAPOLEON'S AIMS]
[Pageheading: AUSTRIA AND PRUSSIA]
The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.
BERLIN, 20th October 1861.
Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and humbly begs to say that yesterday he had the honour of being sent for by the Queen, with whom he had a long and interesting conversation....
The Queen expressed her deep regret at the tone of the English newspapers, but admitted that the German Press repaid the English insults with large interest. Her Majesty said, however, that she and the King, and all sensible men with whom their Majesties hold communication, were determined to disregard the attacks, and by every possible means to draw nearer to England.
Lord Clarendon took the opportunity of warning the Queen respecting the Emperor and his idee fixe, that his dynasty could only be secured by the territorial aggrandisement of France. Lord Clarendon expressed his conviction that if the King had resembled M. de Cavour, some strong proposals would already have been made to them, but that the Emperor's plans had been foiled by the honourable character of the King. There ought, nevertheless, to be no delusion here, but on the contrary, a careful avoidance of the traps which cajolery and flattery were setting for Prussia, because at any moment the Emperor might think it necessary for his own purposes in France to seize upon the left bank of the Rhine, and that all classes in France, no matter to what party belonging, would be delighted at his so doing, and his popularity and power in France would be enormously increased by it. The Queen agreed, but was under the notion, which Lord Clarendon was able effectually to dispel, that the dilapidated state of French finances would prevent the Emperor from undertaking a war upon a large scale.
Lord Clarendon thinks that he strengthened the Queen's opinion respecting "eventualities" and the necessity of making preparations and evoking a national spirit against foreign aggression, such as that recently manifested in England, and which had done so much in favour of peace as far as we ourselves were concerned. Her Majesty, however, said that Prussian policy towards Germany opened so large a chapter that she wished to reserve the discussion of it for our next conversation.
Lord Clarendon fears that Count Bernstorff is disposed to think that Austria's difficulty is Prussia's opportunity, and to be exigent as to the concessions upon which a better understanding between the two countries must be based. Lord Clarendon was confidentially informed yesterday that a Cabinet had just been held for the first time since Count Bernstorff became a member of it, and that with respect to internal affairs he had greatly alarmed and annoyed some of his colleagues by his retrograde opinions. Lord Clarendon had the honour of dining with the Crown Prince and Princess last night. The dinner was perfect, and everything conducted in the most admirable manner; there was afterwards a ball at "The Queen's" which was really a splendid fete. The festivities and the visitings are so uninterrupted that everybody is unwell and tired. The Duc de Magenta's grand fete takes place on the 29th. The Austrian Minister gives a ball to-morrow (Sunday), which day has unfortunately been fixed by the King, to the annoyance of all the English; but Lord Clarendon has determined that the Embassy shall attend, otherwise the King might consider that we wished to give him a public lesson upon the observance of the Sabbath. Lord Clarendon trusts that your Majesty will approve the decision. Lord Granville's visit appears to be highly appreciated by the Court.
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
BALMORAL, 21st October 1861.
MY DEAREST UNCLE,--You will excuse a long letter as this is our last day, alas! Many, many thanks for your dear letters of the 17th and 18th, which I received yesterday. I am glad to see that my account of our mountain expedition amused you, and that you remember all so well. If it could amuse you later, I would send you my Reisebeschreibung to read. I will have it copied and send it you later. We have had a most beautiful week, which we have thoroughly enjoyed--I going out every day about twelve or half-past, taking luncheon with us, carried in a basket on the back of a Highlander, and served by an invaluable Highland servant I have, who is my factotum here, and takes the most wonderful care of me, combining the offices of groom, footman, page, and maid, I might almost say, as he is so handy about cloaks and shawls, etc. He always leads my pony, and always attends me out of doors, and such a good, handy, faithful, attached servant I have nowhere; it is quite a sorrow for me to leave him behind. Now, with Albert's affectionate love, ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Pageheading: THE TIMES AND PRUSSIA]
Queen Victoria to Viscount Palmerston.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 25th October 1861.
The Queen has long seen with deep regret the persevering efforts made by the Times, which leads the rest of our Press, in attacking, vilifying, and abusing everything German, and particularly everything Prussian. That journal had since years shown the same bias, but it is since the Macdonald affair of last year,[49] that it has assumed that tone of virulence, which could not fail to produce the deepest indignation amongst the people of Germany, and by degrees estrange the feelings of the people of this country from Germany. Lord Palmerston, probably not reading any German newspaper, nor having any personal intercourse with that country, can hardly be aware to what extent the mischief has already gone, though he will agree with the Queen that national hatred between these two peoples is a real political calamity for both. The Queen had often intended to write to Lord Palmerston on the subject, and to ask him whether he would not be acting in the spirit of public duty if he endeavoured, as far at least as might be in his power, to point out to the managers of the Times (which derives some of its power from the belief abroad that it represents more or less the feelings of the Government) how great the injury is which it inflicts upon the best interests of this country. She has, however, refrained from doing so, trusting in the chance of a change in tone, and feeling that Lord Palmerston might not like to enter into discussion with the Editors of the Times....
The Queen believes that Lord Palmerston is the only person who could exercise any influence over Mr Delane, and even if this should not be much, it will be important that that gentleman should know the mischief his writings are doing, and that the Government sincerely deplore it.
[Footnote 49: At Bonn, in September 1860, Captain Macdonald, a railway passenger, had been ejected from his seat in the train by the railway authorities, and committed to prison. The incident became the subject of considerable diplomatic correspondence, as well as of some fierce attacks on Prussia in the Times.]
[Pageheading: THE ENGLISH PRESS]
Mr Delane to Viscount Palmerston.[50]
16 SERJEANT'S INN, 28th October 1861.
MY DEAR LORD,--I shall be very glad to give the Prussians a respite from that most cruel of all inflictions--good advice.
Indeed, I would not have intruded anything so unwelcome during the splendid solemnities of the Coronation had not the King uttered those surprising anachronisms upon Divine Right.
Pray observe, too, in extenuation of my offence that I sent a faithful chronicler to Koenigsberg, who has described all the splendours in a proper and reverent spirit, and done what man can do to render such ceremonies intelligible, and the recital of them not too wearisome to those who believe in Divine Right as little as your Lordship's very faithful Servant,
JOHN T. DELANE.
[Footnote 50: Enclosed in the following letter.]
[Pageheading: THE TIMES]
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 30th October 1861.
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and begs to state that when he received a few days ago from Lord Russell the Memorandum which your Majesty intended for him, and which he returned to Lord Russell, he wrote to Mr Delane in accordance with your Majesty's wishes, and he has this morning received the accompanying answer.
Viscount Palmerston would, however, beg to submit that an erroneous notion prevails on the Continent as to English newspapers.
The newspapers on the Continent are all more or less under a certain degree of control, and the most prominent among them are the organs of political parties, or of leading public men; and it is not unnatural that Governments and Parties on the Continent should think that English newspapers are published under similar conditions.
But in this country all thriving newspapers are commercial undertakings, and are conducted on commercial principles, and none others are able long to maintain an existence. Attempts have often been made to establish newspapers to be directed by political men, and to be guided by the same considerations by which those men would govern their own conduct, but such papers have seldom succeeded. The Peelite Party tried some years ago such an experiment with the Morning Chronicle, but after spending a very large sum of money on the undertaking they were obliged to give it up. The Times is carried on as a large commercial enterprise, though, of course, with certain political tendencies and bias, but mainly with a view to profit upon the large capital employed.
The actual price at which each copy of the newspaper is sold barely pays the expense of paper, printing, and establishment; it is indeed said that the price does not repay those expenses. The profit of the newspaper arises from the price paid for advertisements, and the greater the number of advertisements the greater the profit. But advertisements are sent by preference to the newspaper which has the greatest circulation; and that paper gets the widest circulation which is the most amusing, the most interesting, and the most instructive. A dull paper is soon left off. The proprietors and managers of the Times therefore go to great expense in sending correspondents to all parts of the world where interesting events are taking place, and they employ a great many able and clever men to write articles upon all subjects which from time to time engage public attention; and as mankind take more pleasure in reading criticism and fault-finding than praise, because it is soothing to individual vanity and conceit to fancy that the reader has become wiser than those about whom he reads, so the Times, in order to maintain its circulation, criticises freely everybody and everything; and especially events and persons, and Governments abroad, because such strictures are less likely to make enemies at home than violent attacks upon parties and persons in this country. Foreign Governments and Parties ought therefore to look upon English newspapers in the true point of view, and not to be too sensitive as to attacks which those papers may contain.
[Pageheading: DEMOCRACY IN PRUSSIA]
The Earl of Clarendon to Queen Victoria.
BERLIN, 5th November 1861.
Lord Clarendon presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and humbly begs to say that as he leaves Berlin to-morrow, the Princess Royal has most kindly just given him an Audience of leave, although Her Royal Highness was still suffering considerable pain in her ear, and was quite unfit for any exertion. Her Royal Highness's countenance bears traces of the severe illness of the last few days, but Lord Clarendon trusts that the worst is now over, and that care alone is necessary for her complete recovery. Her Royal Highness is still so weak that she was obliged to desist from writing, which she attempted this morning, and Lord Clarendon took the liberty of earnestly recommending that the journey to Breslau, upon which Her Royal Highness appeared to be bent, should be given up. Lord Clarendon intends to repeat the same advice to the Queen, whom he is to see this evening, as there are to be four days of rejoicings at Breslau, for the fatigue of which the Crown Princess must be utterly unfit.
Her Royal Highness is much alarmed at the state of things here, and Lord Clarendon thinks with great reason, for the King has quite made up his mind as to the course that he will pursue. He sees democracy and revolution in every symptom of opposition to his will. His Ministers are mere clerks, who are quite content to register the King's decrees, and there is no person from whom His Majesty seeks advice, or indeed who is capable or would have the moral courage to give it. The King will always religiously keep his word, and will never overturn the institutions he has sworn to maintain, but they are so distasteful to him, and so much at variance with his habit of thought and settled opinions as to the rights of the Crown, that His Majesty will never, if he can avoid it, accept the consequences of representative Government, or allow it to be a reality. This is generally known, and among the middle classes is producing an uneasy and resentful feeling, but as far as Lord Clarendon is able to judge, there is no fear of revolution--the Army is too strong, and the recollection of 1848 is too fresh to allow of acts of violence.
Lord Clarendon had the honour of an Audience of the King on Sunday. His Majesty was most friendly and kind, but evidently unwell and irritable. Lord Clarendon therefore thought that it would be neither prudent nor useful to say the many things that the Queen had wished that the King should hear from Lord Clarendon. He touched upon the subject of Constitutional Government, and His Majesty said: "I have sworn to maintain our Institutions, and I declare to you, and I wish you to inform your Government, that I will maintain them."
Lord Clarendon proposes to remain Friday at Brussels, and hopes to have the honour of seeing the King.
[Pageheading: DEATH OF KING OF PORTUGAL]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 12th November 1861.
MY BELOVED UNCLE,--I hardly know how to write, for my head reels and swims, and my heart is very sore![51] What an awful misfortune this is! How the hand of death seems bent on pursuing that poor, dear family! once so prosperous. Poor Ferdinand so proud of his children--of his five sons--now the eldest and most distinguished, the head of the family, gone, and also another of fifteen, and the youngest still ill! The two others at sea, and will land to-morrow in utter ignorance of everything, and poor, dear, good Louis (whom I thought dreadfully low when we saw him and Jean for an hour on Friday) King! It is an almost incredible event! a terrible calamity for Portugal, and a real European loss! Dear Pedro was so good, so clever, so distinguished! He was so attached to my beloved Albert, and the characters and tastes suited so well, and he had such confidence in Albert! All, all gone! He is happy now, united again to dear Stephanie,[52] whose loss he never recovered.... Ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Footnote 51: King Pedro of Portugal died of typhoid fever on the 11th of November; his brother Ferdinand had died on the 6th; and Prince John, Duke of Beja, succumbed in the following December.]
[Footnote 52: The young Queen Stephanie of Portugal had died in 1859.]
[Pageheading: THE AFFAIR OF THE TRENT]
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
DOWNING STREET, 13th November 1861.
... Viscount Palmerston met yesterday at dinner at Baron Brunnow's the Grand Duke Constantine and the Grand Duchess, and they were overflowing with thankfulness for the kind and gracious reception they had met with at Windsor Castle.
There was reason to suspect that an American federal steamer of war of eight guns, which had lately arrived at Falmouth, and from thence at Southampton, was intended to intercept the Mail Packet coming home with the West Indian Mail, in order to take out of her Messrs Mason and Slidell, the two Envoys from the Southern Confederacy, supposed to be coming in her.[53]
Viscount Palmerston had on Monday a meeting at the Treasury of the Chancellor, Doctor Lushington, the three Law Officers,[54] the Duke of Somerset, Sir George Grey, and Mr Hammond.[55] The result of their deliberation was that, according to the Law of Nations, as laid down by Lord Stowell, and practised and enforced by England in the war with France, the Northern Union being a belligerent is entitled by its ships of war to stop and search any neutral Merchantmen, and the West India Packet is such; to search her if there is reasonable suspicion that she is carrying enemy's despatches, and if such are found on board to take her to a port of the belligerent, and there to proceed against her for condemnation. Such being ruled to be the law, the only thing that could be done was to order the Phaeton frigate to drop down to Yarmouth Roads from Portsmouth, and to watch the American steamer, and to see that she did not exercise this belligerent right within the three-mile limit of British jurisdiction, and this was done. But Viscount Palmerston sent yesterday for Mr Adams to ask him about this matter, and to represent to him how unwise it would be to create irritation in this country merely for the sake of preventing the landing of Mr Slidell, whose presence here would have no more effect on the policy of your Majesty with regard to America than the presence of the three other Southern Deputies who have been here for many months. Mr Adams assured Viscount Palmerston that the American steamer had orders not to meddle with any vessel under any foreign flag; that it came to intercept the Nashville, the Confederate ship in which it was thought the Southern Envoys might be coming; and not having met with her was going back to the American coast to watch some Merchantmen supposed to be taking arms to the Southern ports.
Viscount Palmerston heard from a source likely to be well informed that at the interview between the Emperor and the King of Prussia at Compiegne, the Emperor, among other things, said to the King that there were three systems of alliance between which France and Prussia might choose: an alliance of France with England, an alliance of Prussia with England, an alliance of France with Prussia. The first the Emperor said now to a certain degree exists, but is precarious and not likely to last long, because England is too exacting; the second would not be useful to Prussia, but might be dangerous, inasmuch as it would look like hostility to France, and England would not be likely to back Prussia effectually if a rupture took place between Prussia and France. The last was the system best for Prussia, and was calculated to promote her interests; at all events, the Emperor hoped that if at any time there should be a rupture between France and England, Prussia would remain neutral. The King of Prussia said he was not come to discuss matters of that kind with the Emperor, but only to pay him a visit of compliment. Your Majesty will be able to compare this statement with the accounts your Majesty may have received of what passed at that visit....
The Chancellor[56] told the Cabinet as he was going away that he would soon have to shut up the Court of Chancery in consequence of having disposed of all the suits before it; and that in future the progress of a Chancery suit will be the emblem of rapidity, and not as formerly synonymous with endless delay.
[Footnote 53: See ante, Introductory Note to Chapter XXX.]
[Footnote 54: Sir William Atherton, Attorney-General, Sir Roundell Palmer, Solicitor-General, and Dr Phillimore, Counsel to the Admiralty.]
[Footnote 55: Permanent Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, afterwards Lord Hammond.]
[Footnote 56: Lord Westbury.]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 26th November 1861.
MY BELOVED UNCLE,--... Albert is a little rheumatic, which is a plague--but it is very difficult not to have something or other of this kind in this season, with these rapid changes of temperature; unberufen, unberufen, he is much better this winter than he was the preceding years.[57] ...
[Footnote 57: The Prince had been unwell, even before the receipt of the distressing news from Portugal, and began to suffer from a somewhat continuous insomnia. On the 22nd of November, he drove to Sandhurst to inspect the new buildings in progress there. The day was very wet, and, though he returned in the middle of the day to Windsor, the exertion proved too severe for him; on the 24th he complained of rheumatic pains, and of prolonged sleeplessness.]
[Pageheading: REDRESS DEMANDED]
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
DOWNING STREET, 29th November 1861.
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and begs to state that the Cabinet at its meeting this afternoon resumed the consideration of the forcible capture of the Southern Envoys from on board the Trent steamer upon which the law officers had yesterday given the opinion contained in the accompanying report. The law officers and Doctor Phillimore, Counsel to the Admiralty, were in attendance. The result was that it appeared to the Cabinet that a gross outrage and violation of international law has been committed, and that your Majesty should be advised to demand reparation and redress. The Cabinet is to meet again to-morrow at two, by which time Lord Russell will have prepared an instruction to Lord Lyons for the consideration of the Cabinet, and for submission afterwards to your Majesty. The general outline and tenor which appeared to meet the opinions of the Cabinet would be, that the Washington Government should be told that what has been done is a violation of international law, and of the rights of Great Britain, and that your Majesty's Government trust that the act will be disavowed and the prisoners set free and restored to British Protection; and that Lord Lyons should be instructed that if this demand is refused he should retire from the United States.
It is stated by Mrs and Miss Slidell, who are now in London, that the Northern officer who came on board the Trent said that they were acting on their own responsibility without instructions from Washington; that very possibly their act might be disavowed and the prisoners set free on their arrival at Washington. But it was known that the San Jacinto, though come from the African station, had arrived from thence several weeks before, and had been at St Thomas, and had there received communications from New York; and it is also said that General Scott, who has recently arrived in France, has said to Americans in Paris that he has come not on an excursion of pleasure, but on diplomatic business; that the seizure of these envoys was discussed in Cabinet at Washington, he being present, and was deliberately determined upon and ordered; that the Washington Cabinet fully foresaw it might lead to war with England; and that he was commissioned to propose to France in that case to join the Northern States in war against England, and to offer France in that case the restoration of the French Province of Canada.
General Scott will probably find himself much mistaken as to the success of his overtures; for the French Government is more disposed towards the South than the North, and is probably thinking more about Cotton than about Canada....
[Pageheading: AN ULTIMATUM]
Earl Russell to Queen Victoria.
FOREIGN OFFICE, 29th November 1861.
Lord Russell presents his humble duty to your Majesty; Mr Gladstone has undertaken to explain to your Majesty what has taken place at the Cabinet to-day.
Lord Russell proposes to frame a draft for to-morrow's Cabinet of a despatch to Lord Lyons, directing him to ask for the release of Messrs Mason and Slidell and their two companions, and an apology. In case these requirements should be refused, Lord Lyons should ask for his passports.
The Lord Chancellor and the law officers of the Crown are clear upon the law of the case.
Lord Russell will be glad to have your Majesty's opinion on the draft which will go to your Majesty about four o'clock to-morrow, without loss of time, as the packet goes to-morrow evening.[58]
[Footnote 58: The draft of the despatch to Lord Lyons reached Windsor on the evening of the 30th, and, in spite of his weak and suffering state, the Prince prepared the draft of the Queen's letter early the following morning. The letter has been printed in facsimile by Sir Theodore Martin, who adds that it has a special value as "representing the last political Memorandum written by the Prince, while it was at the same time inferior to none of them, as will presently be seen, in the importance of its results. It shows, like most of his Memorandums, by the corrections in the Queen's hand, how the minds of both were continually brought to bear upon the subjects with which they dealt."]
[Pageheading: THE PRINCE'S LAST LETTER]
Queen Victoria to Earl Russell.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 1st December 1861.
Note in the Queen's handwriting.
[This draft was the last the beloved Prince ever wrote; he was very unwell at the time, and when he brought it in to the Queen, he said: "I could hardly hold my pen."
VICTORIA R.]
The Queen returns these important drafts, which upon the whole she approves, but she cannot help feeling that the main draft, that for communication to the American Government, is somewhat meagre. She should have liked to have seen the expression of a hope that the American captain did not act under instructions, or, if he did, that he misapprehended them--that the United States Government must be fully aware that the British Government could not allow its flag to be insulted, and the security of her mail communications to be placed to jeopardy, and Her Majesty's Government are unwilling to believe that the United States Government intended wantonly to put an insult upon this country, and to add to their many distressing complications by forcing a question of dispute upon us, and that we are therefore glad to believe that upon a full consideration of the circumstances, and of the undoubted breach of international law committed, they would spontaneously offer such redress as alone could satisfy this country, viz. the restoration of the unfortunate passengers and a suitable apology.
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 4th December 1861.
MY DEAREST UNCLE,--I have many excuses to make for not writing yesterday, but I had a good deal to do, as my poor dear Albert's rheumatism has turned out to be a regular influenza, which has pulled and lowered him very much. Since Monday he has been confined to his room. It affects his appetite and sleep, which is very disagreeable, and you know he is always so depressed when anything is the matter with him. However, he is decidedly better to-day, and I hope in two or three days he will be quite himself again. It is extremely vexatious, as he was so particularly well till he caught these colds, which came upon worries of various kinds.... Ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Pageheading: ILLNESS OF THE PRINCE]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 6th December 1861.
MY BELOVED UNCLE,--I am thankful to report decidedly better of my beloved Albert. He has had much more sleep, and has taken much more nourishment since yesterday evening. Altogether, this nasty, feverish sort of influenza and deranged stomach is on the mend, but it will be slow and tedious, and though there has not been one alarming symptom, there has been such restlessness, such sleeplessness, and such (till to-day) total refusal of all food, that it made one very, very anxious, and I can't describe the anxiety I have gone through! I feel to-day a good deal shaken, for for four nights I got only two or three hours' sleep. We have, however, every reason to hope the recovery, though it may be somewhat tedious, will not be very slow. You shall hear again to-morrow. Ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Pageheading: HOPE NOT ABANDONED]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 9th December 1861.
MY BELOVED UNCLE,--I enclose you Clark's report, which I think you may like to hear. Our beloved invalid goes on well--but it must be tedious, and I need not tell you what a trial it is to me. Every day, however, is bringing us nearer the end of this tiresome illness, which is much what I had at Ramsgate, only that I was much worse, and not at first well attended to. You shall hear daily.
You will, I know, feel for me! The night was excellent; the first good one he had. Ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
The Americans may possibly get out of it.
The King of the Belgians to Queen Victoria.
LAEKEN, 11th December 1861.
MY BELOVED VICTORIA,--How I do feel for you from the bottom of my heart; that you should have this totally unexpected tribulation of having dear Albert unwell, when not long ago we rejoiced that he was bearing this time of the year so well. Now we must be very patient, as an indisposition of this description at this time of the year is generally mending slowly. The great object must be to arrange all the little details exactly as the patient may wish them; that everything of that description may move very smoothly is highly beneficial. Patients are very different in their likings; to the great horror of angelic Louise, the moment I am ill I become almost invisible, disliking to see anybody. Other people are fond of company, and wish to be surrounded. The medical advisors are, thank God! excellent, and Clark knows Albert so well. Albert will wish you not to interrupt your usual airings; you want air, and to be deprived of it would do you harm. The temperature here at least has been extremely mild--this ought to be favourable. I trust that every day will now show some small improvement, and it will be very kind of you to let me frequently know how dear Albert is going on. Believe me ever, my beloved Victoria, your devoted Uncle,
LEOPOLD R.
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 11th December 1861.
DEAREST UNCLE,--I can report another good night, and no loss of strength, and continued satisfactory symptoms. But more we dare not expect for some days; not losing ground is a gain, now, of every day.
It is very sad and trying for me, but I am well, and I think really very courageous; for it is the first time that I ever witnessed anything of this kind though I suffered from the same at Ramsgate, and was much worse. The trial in every way is so very trying, for I have lost my guide, my support, my all, for a time--as we can't ask or tell him anything. Many thanks for your kind letter received yesterday. We have been and are reading Von Ense's book[59] to Albert; but it is not worth much. He likes very much being read to as it soothes him. W. Scott is also read to him. You shall hear again to-morrow, dearest Uncle, and, please God! each day will be more cheering. Ever your devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Footnote 59: The Memoirs of Varnhagen von Ense (1785-1858), who served for some years in the Austrian and the Russian Armies, and was later in the Prussian Diplomatic Service.]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 12th December 1861.
MY BELOVED UNCLE,--I can again report favourably of our most precious invalid. He maintains his ground well--had another very good night--takes plenty of nourishment, and shows surprising strength. I am constantly in and out of his room, but since the first four dreadful nights, last week, before they had declared it to be gastric fever--I do not sit up with him at night as I could be of no use; and there is nothing to cause alarm. I go out twice a day for about an hour. It is a very trying time, for a fever with its despondency, weakness, and occasional and invariable wandering, is most painful to witness--but we have never had one unfavourable symptom; to-morrow, reckoning from the 22nd, when dear Albert first fell ill--after going on a wet day to look at some buildings--having likewise been unusually depressed with worries of different kinds--is the end of the third week; we may hope for improvement after that, but the Doctors say they should not be at all disappointed if this did not take place till the end of the fourth week. I cannot sufficiently praise the skill, attention, and devotion of Dr Jenner,[60] who is the first fever Doctor in Europe, one may say--and good old Clark is here every day; good Brown is also most useful.... We have got Dr Watson[61] (who succeeded Dr Chambers[62]) and Sir H. Holland[63] has also been here. But I have kept clear of these two. Albert sleeps a good deal in the day. He is moved every day into the next room on a sofa which is made up as a bed. He has only kept his bed entirely since Monday. Many, many thanks for your dear, kind letter of the 11th. I knew how you would feel for and think of me. I am very wonderfully supported, and, excepting on three occasions, have borne up very well. I am sure Clark will tell you so. Ever your most devoted Niece,
VICTORIA R.
[Footnote 60: Dr (afterwards Sir) William Jenner, K.C.B. (1815-1898), was at this time Physician-Extraordinary to the Queen.]
[Footnote 61: Afterwards Sir Thomas Watson (1792-1882), F.R.S.]
[Footnote 62: Dr. William Frederick Chambers (1786-1855) was well known as a consulting physician.]
[Footnote 63: Sir Henry Holland (1788-1873) was Physician-in-Ordinary to the Queen and the Prince Consort.]
General Grey to Sir Charles Wood.
WINDSOR CASTLE, 13th December 1861.
MY DEAR WOOD,--The Queen desires me to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, and to say that she quite approves of the purport of your despatch to the Governor-General, understanding it to be, not that there is to be any reduction of the Artillery force which it had been determined to leave permanent in India as the proper establishment for that country, but simply that some batteries which it had been resolved to bring home, at all events, are to return somewhat sooner than had been intended, etc., etc., etc.,
GREY.
[Pageheading: DEATH OF THE PRINCE]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
OSBORNE, 20th December 1861.
MY OWN DEAREST, KINDEST FATHER,--For as such have I ever loved you! The poor fatherless baby of eight months is now the utterly broken-hearted and crushed widow of forty-two! My life as a happy one is ended! the world is gone for me! If I must live on (and I will do nothing to make me worse than I am), it is henceforth for our poor fatherless children--for my unhappy country, which has lost all in losing him--and in only doing what I know and feel he would wish, for he is near me--his spirit will guide and inspire me! But oh! to be cut off in the prime of life--to see our pure, happy, quiet, domestic life, which alone enabled me to bear my much disliked position, CUT OFF at forty-two--when I had hoped with such instinctive certainty that God never would part us, and would let us grow old together (though he always talked of the shortness of life)--is too awful, too cruel! And yet it must be for his good, his happiness! His purity was too great, his aspiration too high for this poor, miserable world! His great soul is now only enjoying that for which it was worthy! And I will not envy him--only pray that mine may be perfected by it and fit to be with him eternally, for which blessed moment I earnestly long. Dearest, dearest Uncle, how kind of you to come! It will be an unspeakable comfort, and you can do much to tell people to do what they ought to do. As for my own good, personal servants--poor Phipps in particular--nothing can be more devoted, heartbroken as they are, and anxious only to live as he wished!
Good Alice has been and is wonderful.[64]
The 26th will suit me perfectly. Ever your devoted, wretched Child,
VICTORIA R.
[Footnote 64: By a singular coincidence, the Princess was to pass away on the anniversary of the Prince's death. She died on the 14th of December 1878.]
[Pageheading: DEATH OF LADY CANNING]
Sir Charles Wood to Queen Victoria.
22nd December 1861.
Sir Charles Wood, with his humble duty, begs to enclose to your Majesty two letters from India, one giving an account of Lord Canning's investing the Indian Chiefs with the Star of India; and the other an account of poor Lady Canning's illness and death, which, even at this sad moment, may not be without interest for your Majesty.
Sir Charles Wood hopes that he may be forgiven if, when having to address your Majesty, he ventures to lay before your Majesty the expression of his heartfelt sympathy in the sorrow under which your Majesty is now suffering, and his deep sense of the irreparable calamity which has befallen your Majesty and the country.
Though it cannot be any consolation, it must be gratifying to your Majesty to learn the deep and universal feeling of regret and sorrow which prevails amongst all classes of your Majesty's subjects, and in none so strongly as in those who have had the most opportunity of appreciating the inestimable value of those services, of which by this awful dispensation of Providence the country has been deprived.
[Pageheading: DEATH OF LADY CANNING]
Earl Canning to Queen Victoria.
BARRACKPORE, 22nd November 1861.[65]
Lord Canning presents his humble duty to your Majesty. Your Majesty will have heard by the last mail of the heavy blow which has fallen upon Lord Canning. The kindness of your Majesty to Lady Canning has been so invariable and so great that he feels it to be right that your Majesty should receive a sure account of her last illness with as little delay as possible.
The funeral is over. It took place quite privately at sunrise on the 19th. There is no burial-place for the Governor-General or his family, and the cemeteries at Calcutta are odious in many ways: Lord Canning has therefore set a portion of the garden at Barrackpore (fifteen miles from Calcutta) apart for the purpose. It is a beautiful spot--looking upon that reach of the grand river which she was so fond of drawing--shaded from the glare of the sun by high trees--and amongst the bright shrubs and flowers in which she had so much pleasure.
Your Majesty will be glad, but not surprised, to know of the deep respect which has been paid to her memory, not only by the familiar members of the household and intimate friends, who refused to let any hired hands perform the last offices, but by the Civil and Military bodies, and by the community at large. The coffin was conveyed to Barrackpore by the Artillery, and was borne through the Garden by English soldiers.
Lord Canning feels sure that your Majesty will not consider these details as an intrusion. He feels sure of your Majesty's kind sympathy. She loved your Majesty dearly, and Lord Canning is certain that he is doing what would have been her wish in thus venturing to write to your Majesty. In the last connected conversation which he had with her, just before the illness became really threatening, she said that she must write again to the Queen, "for I don't want her to think that it was out of laziness that I was not at Allahabad." The fact is, that she had always intended to be present at the Investiture, and had made all her arrangements to go from Darjeeling to Allahabad for the purpose; but Lord Canning, hearing of the bad state of the roads, owing to the heavy and unseasonable rains, and knowing how fatiguing an additional journey of nearly 900 miles would be, had entreated her to abandon the intention, and to stay longer in the Hills, and then go straight to Calcutta. Whether all might have gone differently if the first plan had been held to, God alone knows. His will has been done.
[Footnote 65: Received on the 22nd of December, or thereabouts.]
[Pageheading: A NOBLE RESOLVE]
Queen Victoria to the King of the Belgians.
OSBORNE, 24th December 1861.
MY BELOVED UNCLE,--Though, please God! I am to see you so soon, I must write these few lines to prepare you for the trying, sad existence you will find it with your poor forlorn, desolate child--who drags on a weary, pleasureless existence! I am also anxious to repeat one thing, and that one is my firm resolve, my irrevocable decision, viz. that his wishes--his plans--about everything, his views about every thing are to be my law! And no human power will make me swerve from what he decided and wished--and I look to you to support and help me in this. I apply this particularly as regards our children--Bertie, etc.--for whose future he had traced everything so carefully. I am also determined that no one person, may he be ever so good, ever so devoted among my servants--is to lead or guide or dictate to me. I know how he would disapprove it. And I live on with him, for him; in fact I am only outwardly separated from him, and only for a time.
No one can tell you more of my feelings, and can put you more in possession of many touching facts than our excellent Dr Jenner, who has been and is my great comfort, and whom I would entreat you to see and hear before you see any one else. Pray do this, for I fear much others trying to see you first and say things and wish for things which I should not consent to.
Though miserably weak and utterly shattered, my spirit rises when I think any wish or plan of his is to be touched or changed, or I am to be made to do anything. I know you will help me in my utter darkness. It is but for a short time, and then I go--never, never to part! Oh! that blessed, blessed thought! He seems so near to me, so quite my own now, my precious darling! God bless and preserve you. Ever your wretched but devoted Child,
VICTORIA R.
What a Xmas! I won't think of it.
[Pageheading: BUSINESS STILL TRANSACTED]
Viscount Palmerston to Queen Victoria.
PICCADILLY, 30th December 1861.
Viscount Palmerston presents his humble duty to your Majesty, and has read with deep emotion your Majesty's letter of the 26th, every word of which went straight to the heart. Viscount Palmerston would, however, humbly express a hope that the intensity of your Majesty's grief may not lead your Majesty to neglect your health, the preservation of which is so important for the welfare of your Majesty's children, and for that of your Majesty's devotedly attached and affectionate subjects; and which is so essentially necessary to enable your Majesty to perform those duties which it will be the object of your Majesty's life to fulfil.
Lord Granville has communicated to Viscount Palmerston your Majesty's wish that Mr Dilke[66] should be made a Baronet, and that Mr Bowring[67] should be made a Companion of the Bath, and both of these things will be done accordingly. But there are three other persons whose names Viscount Palmerston has for some time wished to submit to your Majesty for the dignity of Baronet, and if your Majesty should be graciously pleased to approve of them, the list would stand as follows:
Mr Dilke.
Mr William Brown,[68] of Liverpool, a very wealthy and distinguished merchant, who lately made a magnificent present of a public library to his fellow-citizens.
Mr Thomas Davies Lloyd, a rich and highly respectable gentleman of the county of Carnarvon.
Mr Rich, to whom the Government is under great obligation, for having of his own accord and without any condition vacated last year his seat for Richmond in Yorkshire, and having thus enabled the Government to obtain the valuable services of Mr Roundell Palmer as your Majesty's Solicitor-General.
Viscount Palmerston has put into this box some private letters which Lord Russell thinks your Majesty might perhaps like to look at.
[Footnote 66: Sir Charles Wentworth Dilke was on the Executive Committee of the Exhibition of 1851, and on the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1862. He died in 1869.]
[Footnote 67: Mr Edgar Bowring's Companionship was conferred on him for services in connection with the earlier Exhibition. He was afterwards M.P. for Exeter, 1868-1874.]
[Footnote 68: Mr Brown became a baronet in 1863.]
[Pageheading: COMFORT AND HOPE]
Queen Victoria to Earl Canning.
OSBORNE, 10th January 1862.
Lord Canning little thought when he wrote his kind and touching letter of the 22nd November, that it would only reach the Queen when she was smitten and bowed down to the earth by an event similar to the one which he describes--and, strange to say, by a disease greatly analogous to the one which took from him all that he loved best. In the case of her adored, precious, perfect, and great husband, her dear lord and master, to whom this Nation owed more than it ever can truly know, however, the fever went on most favourably till the day previous to the awful calamity, and then it was congestion of the lungs and want of strength of circulation (the beloved Prince had always a weak and feeble pulse), which at the critical moment, indeed only two hours before God took him, caused this awful result. To lose one's partner in life is, as Lord Canning knows, like losing half of one's body and soul, torn forcibly away--and dear Lady Canning was such a dear, worthy, devoted wife! But to the Queen--to a poor helpless woman--it is not that only--it is the stay, support and comfort which is lost! To the Queen it is like death in life! Great and small--nothing was done without his loving advice and help--and she feels alone in the wide world, with many helpless children (except the Princess Royal) to look to her--and the whole nation to look to her--now when she can barely struggle with her wretched existence! Her misery--her utter despair--she cannot describe! Her only support--the only ray of comfort she gets for a moment, is in the firm conviction and certainty of his nearness, his undying love, and of their eternal reunion! Only she prays always, and pines for the latter with an anxiety she cannot describe. Like dear Lady Canning, the Queen's darling is to rest in a garden--at Frogmore, in a Mausoleum the Queen is going to build for him and herself.
Though ill, the Queen was able to tell her precious angel of Lord Canning's bereavement, and he was deeply grieved, recurring to it several times, and saying, "What a loss! She was such a distinguished person!"
May God comfort and support Lord Canning, and may he think in his sorrow of his widowed and broken-hearted Sovereign--bowed to the earth with the greatest of human sufferings and misfortunes! She lived but for her husband!
The sympathy of the many thousands of her subjects, but above all their sorrow and their admiration for him, are soothing to her bleeding, pierced heart!
The Queen's precious husband, though wandering occasionally, was conscious till nearly the last, and knew her and kissed her an hour before his pure spirit fled to its worthy and fit eternal Home!
INDEX
(The page references in italics refer to Introductory Notes or footnotes.)
Abd-el-Kader, i, 43, 57; ii. 31, 146
Abercorn, Marchioness of, i. 310
Abercrombie, Dr, physician, i. 448
Abercromby, James, see Dunfermline, Lord
Abercromby, Sir Ralph, iii. 111
Aberdeen, Earl of, Foreign Secretary, i. 22, 309; political power and views, i. 29, 30; Palmerston's opinion of, i. 375; Emperor Nicholas, ii. 1; Queen's appreciation of, ii. 17, 87, 105; iii. 101, 102, 190; Corn Laws, ii. 49; takes leave of the Queen, ii. 85; ii. 103, 248, 263, 291, 293, 294; failure to form a Government, ii. 296, 298, 299; ii. 356, 393; forms a Government, ii. 413-429; Lord Derby's attack on, ii. 418; Queen Victoria's approval of, ii. 430; Eastern Question, ii. 432, 437-444, 449-451, 452, 455-472; India Bill, ii. 447; as to giving up office, ii. 458; on Lord Palmerston's resignation, ii. 467, 468; Crimea, iii. 1, 44; anomalous position of Prince Consort, iii. 3, 4; Orleans family, iii. 7; declaration of war with Russia, iii. 12, 13, 19; unsatisfactory speech, iii, 34; Lord John Russell's possible resignation, iii. 57-60; Queen's confidence in, iii. 66; Knight of the Garter, iii. 67, 68; Lord John Russell's resignation, iii. 71, 72; Government's resignation on result of Roebuck's motion, iii. 77-80; Lord John Russell, iii. 88; Government of 1855, iii. 97-104; iii. 190; on Oudh Proclamation, iii. 286; and W. E. Gladstone, iii. 349; death, iii. 453
About, Edmond, French writer, iii. 357
Accession, Queen Victoria's reminiscences of, i. 75
Achmet Bey, i. 57
Adams, Mr, iii. 467
Adelaide, Madame, King Louis Philippe's sister, death, ii. 143-147; will, ii. 148
Adelaide, Queen (wife of William IV.), parentage and marriage, i. 23, 24; character, i. 24; interests in life, i. 24; letter on Queen's accession, i. 77; on Queen's coronation, i. 120; Protestant Church at Valetta, i. 138; letters, i. 371, 399, 437; visits a convent, i. 437; letter, i. 464; death, ii. 230
Adelaide, Princess, of Hohenlohe, question of marriage, ii. 356, 408, 409
Adelaide, Queen Marie, of Sardinia, death, iii. 206
Adolphus, John, History of England, i. 453
Adrianople, Treaty of, i. 229
Adriatic, reported demonstration in, ii. 193
Aemilia, The, iii. 380
Afghanistan, Dost Mahommed dethroned, i. 142; surrender, i. 209; insurrection, i. 254; disasters retrieved, proclamation, i. 370; troubles, i. 373, 382; Fall of Cabul, i. 385; successful issue, i. 441; medals, i. 444; operations against Afghans, ii. 218
Africa, South, The Transvaal and Orange Free States, ii. 142; iii. 200
Agriculture, motion on distress of, ii. 285-286; protection, ii. 384; see Corn Laws
Airey, Sir Richard, Quartermaster-General, iii. 175
Ak Mussid, iii. 45
Akbar Khan (son of Dost Mahommed), i. 254, 370, 442
Aland Islands, iii. 36
Alava, Miguel Ricardo di, Spanish General, i. 59
Alba, Duke of, ii. 435
---- Duchess of, death, iii. 415
Albemarle, sixth Earl of, Master of the Horse, i. 76, 81, 121, 219
Albert, Archduke, ii. 219
---- Edward, see Wales, Prince of
---- Prince, see Consort, Prince
Albertine branch of House of Saxe-Coburg, history of, i. 2
Aldershot, review of Crimean troops, iii. 198
Alexander, Grand Duke (afterwards Czar Alexander II.), iii. 112, 172; crowned at Moscow, iii. 158; his character, iii. 204
Alexandria, i. 179
Alford, Dean of Canterbury, iii. 227
Alfred, Prince, birth, ii. 21; iii. 399; visit to the Cape, iii. 410, 413; visit to Ireland, iii. 420; joins the Euryalus, iii. 433
Algiers, i. 43
Ali, Mehemet, Pasha of Egypt, i. 141, 179, 182, 190; ultimatum, i. 209, 232-240; resigns claim to Syria, i. 252
Alibaud, i. 407
Alice, Princess, birth and christening, i. 480, 501; iii. 240; birthday, iii. 396; engagement to Prince Louis of Hesse, iii. 405, 415, 416-419; Prince Consort's death, iii. 474
Allahabad, mutiny, iii. 224
Allen, Mr, librarian, Holland House, i. 359
Allt-na-Giuthasach, Shiel of, Queen's visits to, ii. 322, 392
Alma, victory of, iii. 1, 43, 49, 252
Amritsar, ii. 74
Anarchists, ii. 3
Anglesey, Marquess of, i. 388; ii. 86
Annual Summary of Events, 1821-1835, i. 27; 1836, i. 43; 1837, i. 56; 1838, i. 102; 1839, i. 141; 1840, i. 209; 1841, i. 253; 1842, i. 370; 1843, i. 450; 1844, ii. 1; 1845, ii. 30; 1846, ii. 71; 1847, ii. 115; 1848, ii. 141; 1849, ii. 208; 1850, ii. 231; 1851, ii. 283; 1852, ii. 356; 1853, ii. 431; 1854, iii. 1; 1855, iii. 63; 1856, iii. 158; 1857, iii. 223; 1858, iii. 261; 1859, iii. 307; 1860, iii. 379; 1861, iii. 420
Anson, George, i. 199; Private Secretary to Prince Albert, i. 201, 206; interviews with Baron Stockmar, i. 224, 330, 331; interviews with Lord Melbourne, i. 224, 256, 268, 269, 296, 297, 303, 304, 311; interviews with Sir Robert Peel, i. 271, 273, 284, 312; memoranda by, i. 295, 298, 322, 337, 338, 368; illness, i. 490; ii. 36, 46, 67
---- Sir George, i. 201
Antonelli, Cardinal, iii. 311
Antwerp, Queen's visit to, ii. 45; ii. 68
Apponyi, Count, Austrian Ambassador, i. 237
Apprenticeship in Jamaica, i. 102
Aquila, Comte d', ii. 32
Arbuthnot, Colonel, i. 314, 398
Ardenne, ii. 16
Argyll, eighth Duke of, Lord Privy Seal, ii. 420; Government of 1855, iii. 97; Privy Seal, iii. 104; Divorce Bill, iii. 231; Lord Privy Seal, iii. 348; Abolition of Paper Duty, iii. 403
Argyll, Duchess of, ii. 376
"Aristocratic," meaning of, i. 107
Army (see Militia), estimates i. 99; civil government of, i. 147; bravery of troops, ii. 74; victory, ii. 77; Peninsular medals, ii. 109-113; officers' commissions, ii. 185; in India, ii. 212; Prince Consort, ii. 365; military appointments, ii. 393; national defences, ii. 396-398; Queen on augmentation of, iii. 12; embarkation for the Crimea, iii. 14; reserve to be sent out, iii. 36; Bomarsund, iii. 36; battle of the Alma, iii. 44; Indian contingents, iii. 46; Balaklava, iii. 50; Sebastopol, iii. 50, 63; Inkerman, iii. 53; Foreign Enlistment Bill, iii. 58; fall of Sebastopol, iii. 64; privations of the Army, iii. 68-70; New Board, iii. 71; laxity of discipline, iii. 153; land transport, iii. 157; retrenchments, iii. 188; peace establishment, iii. 191; review of Crimean troops at Aldershot, iii. 198, 199, 200; military education, iii. 218, 220; Indian Mutiny, iii. 224, 234, 236; Militia embodied, iii. 241; Queen's view on need of increasing, iii. 245, 257; vote of thanks to, iii. 261; question of control, iii. 293; indivisibility of, iii. 319; Committee on Military Departments, iii. 351
Arnold, Dr, ii. 273
Arrow, Chinese dispute, iii. 223, 228
Arthur, Prince (afterwards Duke of Connaught), christening, ii. 231; iii. 121; birthday, iii. 189; iii. 436
Ascot, Queen's visit to the races, ii. 13
Ashburton, Baron, i. 368, 462
Ashley, Lord, afterwards Earl of Shaftesbury, i. 165; Labour Bill, i. 370; Factory Labour Bill, ii. 1; Duchy of Lancaster, iii. 116; Oudh Proclamation, iii. 282, 290
Asis, Don Francisco de, ii. 72, 99
Aston, Mr (Diplomatic Service), i. 329, 432, 495
Athens, revolution at, i. 494; ii. 231
Atherton, Sir William, Attorney-General, iii. 467
Athole, Duchess of, ii. 376
Attock, fort of, captured, ii. 218
Attwood, Thomas, Birmingham Political Union, i. 69, 425
Auchterarder, Church case, i. 448
Auckland, Baron (afterwards Earl of), Governor-General of India, i. 142; policy in Afghanistan, i. 209, 266, 373, 383; ii. 10, 86
Audley, Baron, i. 124
Augusta, of Cambridge, Princess, afterwards Grand Duchess-Dowager of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, i. 434, 437, 440; ii. 256; iii. 264
---- Princess, of Saxony, i. 92
---- Princess, daughter of George III., i. 228; death, i. 230
Augustus, Prince, of Saxe-Coburg, see Saxe-Coburg
Augustus, Prince Ernest, afterwards Duke of Cumberland, iii. 456
Aulaire, Ste., Ambassador, i. 321, 334, 508
Aumale, Duc d', i. 95, 493, 502; ii. 153, 167; gallantry, ii. 192-193, 267, 337; visit to New Lodge, iii. 386
Australasian colonies, self-government of, iii. 64
Australia, emigration to, i. 102; wine from, ii. 41
Austria, Empress Elizabeth of, iii. 414
---- Emperor of (Francis Joseph), ii. 318; attempted assassination of, ii. 440; King Leopold's opinion of, ii. 447, 448; Queen's letter to, iii. 322, 323; reply, iii. 324, 325; proposed meeting with the Queen, iii. 408, 409
---- and the Porte, i. 191; abdication of Emperor, ii. 141; Pope declares war against, ii. 141; ascendency in Lombardy, ii. 174; and Italy, ii. 174; war with the Piedmontese, ii. 178, 182, 186, 190, 193; and England, ii. 183, 186, 190, 191, 198, 380; declines mediation, ii. 193; ascendency in N. Italy, ii. 208; ii. 229, 275; and Prussia, ii. 276; ii. 379, 402; and Eastern Question, ii. 440-444, 451, 452; alliance with Prussia, iii. 1; and Russia, iii. 13, 25; proposed alliance with England, iii. 49, 50, 51, 66; men required, iii. 115; negotiations broken off, iii. 118; and the Four Points, iii. 120, 161, 165; and France, iii. 168, 306; and Italy, iii. 307; war with Sardinia and defeat, iii. 308; and the Papal States, iii. 313; proposed congress, iii. 325-334; troops cross the Ticino, iii. 327; French victories, iii. 352; conclusion and terms of peace, iii. 354, 359, 360; Italy, iii. 382
Ayrton, Mr, iii. 239
Azeglio, Count, Premier of Sardinia, ii. 386; iii. 368
Baden, crisis at, ii. 220
---- Princess Mary of, i. 470
Bagot, Sir Charles, Governor-General of Canada, i. 323, 334
Baines, Matthew Talbot, Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster, iii. 116, 149; Conspiracy Bill, iii. 265, 272
Bala Rao, Indian Mutiny, iii. 351
Balaklava, successes at, iii. 2, 50; hurricane and loss of life at, iii. 56; iii. 189
Ballard, Lieutenant, siege of Silistria, iii. 36
Ballot, the, i. 56; ii. 335
Balmoral Castle, Queen's description of, ii. 194, 323; Queen's first occupation of, iii. 141
Baltic, English, expedition to the, iii. 16, 115
Bandeira, Sa da, i. 55
Bands, on Sundays, iii. 194
Bank Charter Act, ii. 1; infringement of, ii. 115; suspension of, iii. 224
Barbes, Armand, i. 179
Barclay & Perkins' brewery, attack on General Haynau, ii. 269
Barham, Lady (afterwards Countess of Gainsborough), i. 124, 318; ii. 274
Baring, F. (afterwards Lord Northbrook), Chancellor of the Exchequer, i. 264, 281, 308, 314; ii. 60, 84, 287, 312, 347; capture of Lagos, ii. 365, 366; Board of Works, ii. 421; iii. 79; Government of 1855, iii. 91
---- Thomas, ii. 368; Indian Mutiny debate, iii. 239; India Bill, iii. 294
Barkly, Sir H., Governor of Victoria, iii. 190
Barnard, General, death at Delhi, iii. 243
Barrackpore, funeral of Lady Canning, iii. 475
Barrot, Odilon, i. 248; ii. 149
Barrow, Sir John, i. 432
Barry, Sir Charles, knighted, ii. 363
Bastide, M., ii. 187
Baudrand, General Comte, i. 83
Bayley, Rev. Emilius, iii. 416
Bean, attempt on the Queen's life, i. 370, 407
Beas, River, ii. 74
Beatrice, Princess (afterwards Princess Henry of Battenberg), birth and christening, iii. 234
Beauclerk, Lord Amelius, i. 108
Beaufort, Duke of, i. 334
Beauharnais, Eugene de, Duke of Leuchtenberg, iii. 354
Beauvale, Lord (afterwards second Viscount Melbourne), i. 191; i. 232, 418, 490, 512; ii. 165, 436
Beche, Sir Henry T. de la, geologist, i. 315
Bedford, seventh Duke of, i. 296, 509; ii. 130, 132, 195, 257; opinion of Lord Palmerston, ii. 260, 261; ii. 403; iii. 89; Queen's appreciation of Endsleigh, iii. 203
Begum, the ex-Queen of Oudh, iii. 351
Belgians, King of, see Leopold
---- Queen of, see Louise
Belgium, dispute with Holland, i. 43, 102, 119, 142, 145, 146; independence of, i. 118; King Leopold's views on, i. 152, 153; and England, i. 134, 151; ii. 68; and Germany, i. 379; and Emperor of Russia, ii. 15; abortive insurrection, ii. 172; neutrality of, iii. 171
Belsham, William, History of Great Britain, i. 467
Bengal Mutiny, iii. 224
Bentinck, Lord George, attack on Sir R. Peel, ii. 79, 80; ii. 87; sudden death, ii. 208
---- Major-General Sir Henry, K.C.B., wounded at Inkerman, iii. 52; interview with the Queen, iii. 56, 60
Beresford, Lord John George de la Poer, Archbishop of Armagh, ii. 224
---- Major, iii. 78
---- Viscount, i. 420; ii. 393
Berkeley, Admiral, M.P., Gloucester, iii. 78
Bernadotte, Marshal, iii. 448
Bernard, Dr, trial of, iii. 261, 274
Bessarabia, cession of, iii. 152, 158, 208
Bessborough, Earl of, see Duncannon
Bethell, Sir Richard (afterwards Lord Westbury), Attorney-General, Divorce Bill, iii. 232; India Bill, iii. 267; Lord Chancellor, iii. 442
Beust, Baron, Minister in Saxony, iii. 151, 151, 171
Beverloo Camp, i. 41
Beyens, Baron, Secretary of Legation at Madrid, ii. 436
Beyrout, bombardment of, i. 238; iii. 10
Bickersteth, Robert, afterwards Bishop of Ripon, iii. 206, 217
Bilbao, battle at, i. 67
Birch, Mr, formerly tutor to Prince of Wales, iii. 431
Birmingham, Chartist riots, i. 179; political condition, i. 506
Births, registration of, i. 43
Bishops, seats in House of Lords, i. 56; and Dr Hampden, ii. 139; appointments of, iii. 416, 417
Black Sea, Russia's Fleet, iii. 120; neutralisation of, iii. 152, 158; England sends fleet to, iii. 208
Blagden, Mr, i. 14
Blanc, Louis, organisation du travail, ii. 168
Bloemfontein, ii. 200
Blomfield, C. J., see London, Bishop of
Bloomfield, Baron, ii. 256; Minister at Berlin, ii. 285; iii. 161, 253
Boers, defeat of, ii. 142, 200
Bois-le-Comte, Mons., French Minister at Madrid, i. 96
Bolgrad, iii. 208
Bomarsund, capture of, iii. 36
Bonaparte, see Napoleon
Bordeaux, Duc de (afterwards Comte de Chambord), i. 495, 498, 499, 506, 508; visit to London, i. 509, 510; ii. 3, 177; rumoured visit to England, iii. 7; and the King of the Belgians, iii. 296
Borthwick, Peter, ii. 34
Bourquency, Mons. de, iii. 151
Bouverie, Mr, iii. 131
Bowring, Edgar, C.B., iii. 477
---- Sir John, British Plenipotentiary, Hong-Kong, iii. 223, 227
Bowyer, Sir George, M.P., iii. 445
Brabant, Duchess Marie Henriette de (afterwards Queen of the Belgians), iii. 276
---- Dukes of, see Leopold
Bracebridge, Mr and Mrs, iii. 62
Braganza, Duchess of, i. 51, 178
Breadalbane, Marquess of, i 429; Lord Chamberlain, ii. 425; review at Edinburgh, iii. 407
---- Marchioness of, Lady of the Bedchamber, i. 143
Brescia, ii. 269
Bresson, Count, ii. 98, 99, 107 [107 correct]
---- M., aids King Louis Philippe's escape, ii. 157
Bribery at elections, i. 90
Bridgewater, eighth Earl of, treatises, i. 349
Bright, John, on war with Russia, iii. 20; appeal for ending the war, iii. 63; loses his seat, iii. 223; India Bill, iii. 280; Oudh Proclamation, iii. 281, 290; Reform Bill, iii. 324; proposed honour, iii. 349; England and Savoy, iii. 394; privilege resolutions, iii. 404; and Palmerston, iii. 429
Brighton, i. 140
British Columbia, name given, iii. 296
Broadfoot, Major, political agent, India, death, ii. 76
Broadstairs, Queen's visit to, i. 19
Brock, Mrs, Queen's nurse, i. 14
Brocket Hall, Lord Melbourne's house, i. 150; Queen's visit to, i. 296
Broglie, Duc de, ex-Minister of Foreign Affairs, i. 149; ii. 37
Brougham, Lord, i. 56; on Canadian difficulties, i. 102, 128; advice against dissolution, i. 293; right of audience, i. 344; as a protectionist, ii. 81
Brown, Sir George, wounded at Inkerman, iii. 53, 129
---- Sir William, Baronet, iii. 477
Bruce, Commodore, ii. 366
---- Colonel, iii. 306
---- Lady Augusta, ii. 434; iii. 451
Brunnow, M. de, Russian Minister, i. 190, 232; ii. 250, 286, 408, 442, 456; iii. 176, 189, 466
Brunswick, House of, history of, i. 1, 6
Brussels, Russian Minister to, ii. 17
Brydon, Dr, i. 254
Buccleuch, Duke of, i. 509; ii. 49, 63-65
---- Duchess of, Mistress of the Robes, i. 310
Buchanan, Mr, afterwards Sir Andrew, Secretary of Legation at St Petersburg, ii. 221
---- Mr (afterwards President), American Minister to Great Britain, iii. 105, 182; receives the Prince of Wales, iii. 380, 405
Buckingham, second Duke of, i. 278; Lord Privy Seal, i. 309; i. 386; ii. 33
---- Palace, proposed alterations, ii. 33
Buckland, Dr, Irish Commissioner, ii. 48
Buenos Ayres, blockade by British Fleet, ii. 133
Bull Run, battle of, iii. 421
Buller, Charles, i. 142, 425
Bulwer, Sir Henry (afterwards Lord Dalling), Minister at Madrid, i. 235, 238, 334; ii. 97, 119; 133, 136; recall, and Queen's opinion of, ii. 175, 179; at Rome, ii. 365; declines governorship of Victoria, iii. 190, 191
---- Lytton, Sir Edward (afterwards Lord Lytton), i. 350; iii. 79; motion of censure on Lord John Russell, iii. 131, 132, 292, 296, 301
Bunsen, Chevalier, ii. 139, 182; recall of, iii. 31
Buol, Count, Austrian Prime Minister, ii. 380, 440; iii. 11, 66, 121, _131, _176, 306, 328, 329
"Bureaucratic," Palmerston's definition of, i. 107
Burghersh, Francis Lord (afterwards Earl of Westmorland), A.D.C. to Lord Raglan, iii. 50
Burgoyne, Sir John, ii. 141
Burnes, Captain (afterwards Sir Alexander), mission to Cabul, i. 142; murdered, i. 254
Burnet, Bishop, History of his own Time, i. 435
Burney, Miss (Madame D'Arblay), diary, i. 406, 467
Bury, Lord, Straits Settlements, iii. 277
Bushey Park, residence of the Duke and Duchess of Clarence, i. 33
Bushire, capture of, iii. 159
Bussahir, iii. 360
Butler, Captain, siege of Silistria, iii. 36
Buxted, residence of Lord Liverpool, Queen visits, i. 50
Buxton, Charles, iii. 443
Bygrave, Captain, i. 442
Byng, Sir John, see Strafford, Earl of
---- George, i. 60, 467
Byron, Lady, i. 310
---- seventh Lord, i. 307
Cabrals, the, ii. 134, 135
Cabul, i. 254, 370, 383; fall of, i. 385, 442; ii. 218
Cadiz, Duke of, ii. 89
Cadogan, Honoria, Countess, died September 12, 1845, i. 62
Cagliari, seizure of the, iii. 262, 274
Cairns, Sir Hugh, Solicitor-General, Oudh Proclamation debate, iii. 290
Camarilla, i. 58
Cambridge, first Duke of, i. 4; political views, i. 5, 6; Regent of Hanover, i. 7; marriage, i. 99, 207, 208, 245; daughter's marriage, i. 434, 437, 440, 475, 476; death, ii. 247, 256
Cambridge, Prince George of (afterwards second Duke of Cambridge), i. 212; Ireland, ii. 226; Earldom of Tipperary, ii. 245-247; Ireland, ii. 303; Ranger of the Parks, ii. 393; in Paris, iii. 14; interview with Napoleon, iii. 24-26; writes from Constantinople, iii. 27, 28; illness and return from the Crimea, iii. 70; iii. 78; council of war, iii. 160, 167; Commander-in-Chief, iii. 199, 200; proposed marriage of Princess Mary, iii. 206, 209; Army control, iii. 293
Cambridge, Duchess of, i. 11, 31, 99, 494
---- Queen's visit to, i. 496, 501, 503
Campbell, Mr, M.P. for Weymouth, iii. 239
---- Sir Colin (afterwards Lord Clyde), Queen's high opinion of, iii. 152, 155; Commander-in-Chief, Indian Mutiny, relief of Lucknow, iii. 224, 250, 259, 278; Peerage, iii. 262; iii. 405, 455
---- Lord, Bernard trial, iii. 274; Lord Chancellor, iii. 348; reports of divorce cases, iii. 378
Canada, friction in, i. 56, 98, 100, 102, 103; Lord Durham, Governor-General, i. 104, 128, 133, 135-137; resignation, i. 137; union of, i. 209; dispute with United States, i. 254; ii. 30; resignation of Lord Metcalfe, ii. 47; Government of, ii. 94; Clergy Revenues Bill, ii. 431; Nova Scotia, iii. 189; Colonial Governorships, iii. 190; Ottawa selected as capital, iii. 262; British Columbia, iii. 296; United States claim to St Juan, iii. 373; Prince of Wales's visit to, iii. 380, 404; proposed increase in Army and Navy for, iii. 440
Candahar, i. 407
Canning, Right Hon. G., speech on Queen's education, i. 10, 229
---- Viscount (afterwards Earl), ii. 346; Post Office, ii. 421; not in the Cabinet, ii. 427; Government of 1855, iii. 98; Post Office, iii. 104; Governor-General of India, iii. 128, 159, 178; arrival in India, iii. 179; Indian Mutiny, iii. 224, 236-238; his clemency, iii. 249-252; Oudh Proclamation, iii. 262, 281-285, 289, 291; Viceroy, iii. 304; Earldom, iii. 313; Indian Army Question, iii. 318; termination of Mutiny, iii. 350; Indian titles, iii. 387; Queen's pleasure at progress in India, iii. 405; K.G., iii. 441; Queen's high opinion of, iii. 453; death of his wife, iii. 475; touching letter from the Queen, iii. 477, 478
---- Viscountess, i. 310, 397; iii. 405; death, iii. 474; Queen's appreciation of, iii. 477, 478
---- Sir Stratford, see Stratford de Redcliffe
Canrobert, Marshal, Commander of French army, iii. 1, 64; resignation, iii. 126
Canterbury, Archbishop of (William Howley), report as to Queen's education, i. 17, 55; announces to the Queen William IV.'s death, i. 74, 75; attends Queen's first council, i. 77; convocation address, i. 299; (John Bird Sumner), Bishopric of Capetown, ii. 448; on Sunday bands, iii. 194; (C. T. Longley), iii. 206; national prayer and humiliation iii. 247
---- Viscount, iii. 230
Canton, England's occupation of, iii. 223, 226
Capetown, Bishopric of, ii. 448
Caradoc, Sir John Hobart, see Howden, Lord
Carbonari Society, iii. 261
Cardigan, Earl of, i. 263, 264, 386, 394; iii. 67; censure on, iii. 175
Cardwell, Mr (afterwards Viscount), ii. 368; Secretary at War, ii. 421; President of Board of Trade, ii. 468; Oudh Proclamation, iii. 282; vote of censure withdrawn, iii. 290; Chief Secretary for Ireland, iii. 349
Carlisle, sixth Earl of, i. 419
---- seventh Earl (sometime Lord Morpeth), Chief Secretary for Ireland, i. 62, 281, 308; ii. 79, 95; Chief Commissioner of Woods and Forests, ii. 168, 324, 427, 428; iii. 452
Carlists, i. 50, 67; ii. 3
Carlos, Don, i. 44, 57, 488; abdication, ii. 31
Carlton House, residence of George IV., Queen's visit to, i. 11
Carmarthen Riots, i. 484
Carolina, South, iii. 381
Cartwright, Sir T., i. 409
Cashmere, ii. 74
Castlerosse, Lord, iii. 291
Cathcart, Earl, Governor-General of Canada, ii. 47
Cathcart, General Sir George, Kaffir War, ii. 283; death at Inkerman, iii. 52; iii. 134
Cavaignac, General, French Minister for War, ii. 184, 190, 191, 207, 387
Cavour, Count, Sardinian Premier, iii. 63, 66, 156, 161, 170, 307, 333; resignation, iii. 359; Papal States, iii. 380; death, iii. 420, 441
Cawdor, Earl, i. 484
Cawnpore, Mutiny, iii. 224, 238; massacre of the garrison, iii. 247, 248, 261
Cecile, Admiral, ii. 213
Chalmers, Dr, i. 448, 450
Chambers, Dr William Frederick, consulting physician, iii. 473
Chambord, Comte de, see Bordeaux, Duc de
Chandos, Lord (afterwards Duke), Secretary to the Treasury, ii. 423
Chantrey, Sir Francis, sculptor, i. 313, 333, 337
Chapman, Dr, iii. 431
Chapoo, captured by Sir Hugh Gough, i. 441
Charier, Mdlle., ii. 3
Charlemont, Viscount, i. 344
Charles of Hesse, Prince, iii. 458
---- X., of France, character and death, i. 52
---- Archduke, i. 431
---- Albert, King of Sardinia, ii. 141, 175; Piedmontese war, ii. 178, 182, 183, 186, 187, 190, 191, 197, 198; defeat at Custozza, ii. 191; at Novara, ii. 248; abdication in favour of his son, ii. 248
Charleston, surrender of, iii. 421
Charlotte, Princess (daughter of George IV.), i. 8; character, ii. 39, 40; bust, i. 203
---- Princess of Prussia (afterwards Hereditary Princess of Saxe-Meiningen), birth of, iii. 406
Charlotte, Princess of Belgium, ii. 185; illness, ii. 255, 271; beauty of, ii. 367; proposed marriage of, iii. 207, 211; marriage of, iii. 240, 241
Chartists, i. 83; riots, i. 179; ii. 134; demonstration, ii. 168; fiasco, ii. 169
Chartres, Duc de, i. 266, 414; iii. 453
Chateaubriand, Vicomte de, i. 508
Chatsworth, Queen's visit to, i. 509
Chelmsford, Lord, Lord Chancellor, iii. 272
Chelsea pensioners, arming of, i. 486
Cherbourg, Queen's visit to Napoleon, iii. 295
Chester, Dean of, see Davys
Childers, Col., Life of Right Hon. H.C.E. Childers, ii. 77
Chillianwalla, ii. 208
Chimay, Prince de, iii. 274
China, opium trade dispute, i. 142, 209, 219, 254, 260, 265; operations in, i. 261, 337, 370, 441; war of 1857, iii. 223, 226, 231; Treaty of Tien-tsin, iii. 262, 301; refusal to ratify treaty, march to Pekin, iii. 381
Chiswick, ii. 17
Chobham camp, review at, ii. 449, 450
Cholera, epidemic of, ii. 228
Christian, Prince, of Gluecksburg, afterwards King Christian IX. of Denmark, ii. 358
---- Princess, see Helena, Princess
Christina, Queen, Regent of Spain, i. 59, 62, 95; abdication, i. 244, 346, 349, 351; marriage question, ii. 4, 31, 96, 97, 99, 100, 183
Christino cause, i. 44, 67
Church of England, Queen's early knowledge of, i. 16; her relations to, i. 51, 72, 79; Parker Society, i. 259; reform, i. 282; difficulties at Oxford, i. 373, 374; Low Church bigotry, ii. 37; ii. 115; preferments, ii. 121; Ritualists and Romanists, ii. 273, 273, 377; riots at Stockport, ii. 391; in the Colonies, ii. 448
---- of Scotland crisis, i. 447, 448, 450
---- rates, i. 56, 66; iii. 323
Churchill, Lady, iii. 407
Chusan, i. 209, 265
Chuttur Singh, surrender of, ii. 217
Cintra, Convention of, iii. 175
Cistercian Trappists, Queen Adelaide's visit to, i. 437
Civil Service, competitive examinations for, iii. 9, 11
Clanricarde, Marquess of, i. 188; ii. 427; Privy Seal, iii. 266
---- Marchioness of, i. 350
Clanwilliam, Earl of, ii. 422
Claremont, residence of King Leopold, Queen's reminiscences of, i. 10, 18, 19; regret at leaving, ii. 5, 21; residence of King Louis Philippe, ii. 160-162
---- Col., Orsini trial, iii. 273
Clarence, Duke of, see William IV.
Clarendon, third Earl of, Chief Justice-in-Eyre, death, i. 143
---- fourth Earl of, i. 97; Ambassador at Madrid, i. 281; Lord Privy Seal, i. 308; ii. 60, 83, 86, 131, 132, 169, 195, 223, 224, 236, 244; opinion on Lord Palmerston's removal, ii. 260, 263; refusal of Foreign Office, ii. 346, 348; ii. 420, 423; Foreign Secretary, ii. 431; Eastern Question, ii. 439-444, 452-471; Duke of Cambridge in Paris, iii. 14; Russian loan, iii. 35; Crimea, iii. 43; Austrian alliance, iii. 48, 51; the "Four Points," iii. 65; Government of 1855, iii. 82, 83, 86, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94, 96, 96, 97, 98, 99; Foreign Affairs, iii. 104; Emperor's proposal to take command at the Crimea, iii. 110, 111; Naples despatch, iii. 143-144; Austrian ultimatum, iii. 152, 153, 165; arranging terms of settlement, iii. 168-185; conversation with French Emperor, iii. 175; Treaty of Peace signed, iii. 183; Queen's appreciation of his services, iii. 184, 185; honours, iii. 186; iii. 190; interview with Persigny, iii. 232; and Italy, iii. 305; declines joining the new Cabinet, iii. 346; St Juan dispute, iii. 373; coronation of King of Prussia, iii. 428, 429; reception at the coronation of King and Queen of Prussia, iii. 458-460; interview with the French Empress, iii. 460; King of Prussia's views, iii. 465
Clarendon's History of the Rebellion, i. 38, 52; Private Memoirs, i. 435
Claridge's Hotel, Empress of the French stays at, iii. 419
Clark, Dr (afterwards Sir James), Physician to the Queen, i. 61, 130, 202; Bagshot Park, iii. 384; Prince Consort's illness, iii. 471, 473
Clementine, Princess, of Orleans, i. 431
Cleveland, Duke of, i. 386
Clive, Lord, Life by Sir J. Malcolm, i. 55
Close, Francis, Dean of Carlisle, iii. 206
Clyde, Lord, see Campbell, Sir Colin
Cobden, Richard, i. 300; Corn Laws, i. 415, 465; ii. 60; Peel's tribute to, ii. 83; the Whigs, ii. 84, 85, 87; Poor Law Commission, ii. 130, 131, 132; ii. 155, 216; question of marriage between Prince Frederick William of Prussia and the Princess Royal, iii. 182; on China War, iii. 223; loss of seat, iii. 226; iii. 263; refuses to join Government, iii. 307, 348, 350; and the Pope, iii. 357; Plenipotentiary for commercial treaty, iii. 379; declines honours, iii. 413, 414
Coblentz, iii. 146
Coburg (see Saxe-Coburg), House of, history of, i. 3; influence on the Queen's politics, i. 4; abuse of, i. 53
---- Queen's visit to, ii. 45
Cochrane, Mr Baillie (afterwards Lord Lamington), iii. 445
Cockburn, Sir George, Admiral of the Fleet, i. 432
---- Mr (afterwards Sir Alexander), Don Pacifico debate, ii. 252; Chief Justice of Common Pleas, iii. 215
Codrington, Major-General Sir William, wounded at Inkerman, iii. 53; commands the English army in the Crimea, iii. 64, 134, 155, 155
Colborne, Sir John (afterwards Lord Seaton), i. 57; High Commissioner, Canada, i. 102; Field-Marshal, i. 129, 130
Colchester, Lord, iii. 230
Coldstream Guards wounded from Crimea, iii. 110
Colenso, Rev. J. W., ii. 449
Coleridge, Mr, and Provostship of Eton, iii. 431
Colloredo, Count, Austrian Ambassador, ii. 439, 440
Colquhoun, Mr, iii. 44
Colvin, John Russell, Lieut.-Gov. of North-West Provinces, death of, iii. 251
Combermere, Viscount, i. 420; Constable of the Tower, ii. 393; Field-Marshal, iii. 146
Companies, Limited Liability, statute passed, iii. 64
Conroy, Sir J., comptroller to Duchess of Kent, i. 99
Conservatives in opposition, i. 56; dissensions, ii. 1; Corn Laws, ii. 66; ii. 83, 315, 384, 403; form a Government, ii. 412-430; Roebuck Motion, iii. 79, 226; Government of 1858, iii. 262, 266; possible dissolution, iii. 283-292; new Reform Bill, iii. 307; defeat, iii. 341; iii. 362; overtures to Lord Palmerston, iii. 420, 429
Consort, Prince (see Victoria, Queen), parentage, i. 4; influence of Baron Stockmar, i. 26; his character, i. 28; Princess of Hohenlohe's opinion of, i. 46; Queen's first impression of, i. 49; education of, i. 97, 109, 111; engagement to Queen Victoria, i. 141, 188; visits Italy, i. 152; Queen's views, i. 177; description of, i. 186; arrival at Windsor, i. 188; religion, i. 196; question of a peerage, i. 198; the Declaration, i. 203, 204; his Household, i. 204, 206, 207; marriage with the Queen, i. 209, 217; his grant, i. 209, 214; appointed Regent, i. 209; the Queen's confidential secretary, i. 28; name in Prayer Book, i. 249; on changes at Court, i. 256; visits Oxford, i. 291; his position on change of Government, i. 304; Lord Melbourne's opinion of, i. 306; Fine Arts Commission, i. 332; lays foundation stone of Royal Exchange, i. 376; on duelling, i. 450; domestic life, i. 464; to hold levees, i. 470, 471; reception at Birmingham, i. 509; his father's death, ii. 6; Grand Cross of St Andrew, ii. 17; birthday, ii. 20; French King's appreciation of, ii. 25; title rumours, ii. 34; interest in Osborne, ii. 42; attacks on, ii. 46; memo. on change of Government, ii. 61; council meeting, ii. 65; Sir R. Peel and memo. of their conversation, ii. 76; memo. on resignation of Sir R. Peel, ii. 80, 83; on new Government, ii. 85; Sir R. Peel, ii. 93; his self-denial, ii. 129; visits King Louis Philippe at Claremont, ii. 163; and the unemployed, ii. 168; visit to York, ii. 184; visit with the Queen to Ireland, ii. 224; opening of new Coal Exchange, ii. 228; Exhibition of 1851, ii. 231, 316-318; memo. on Lord Palmerston's Foreign Policy, ii. 235, 243, 260, 261; Mansion House speech, ii. 239; memos. on formation of a new Government, ii. 293, 297, 298, 300, 302, 306, 309, 310, 311; presides at Propagation of Gospel Meeting, ii. 319; on Lord Palmerston's successor, ii. 345-347; his fondness for politics and business, ii. 362; and the Army, ii. 365; on resignation of Lord John Russell, ii. 367, 369, 371; on change of Government, ii. 374; command of Grenadier Guards and Rifle Brigade, ii. 392; on new appointments on death of Duke of Wellington, ii. 392; on national defences, ii. 398-400; on Free Trade Debate, ii. 404; on resignation of Lord Derby, ii. 412-413; on new Government, ii. 413, 415, 420; Lord Derby's opinion of, ii. 426; on change of Ministry, ii. 427; birth of Prince Leopold (afterwards Duke of Albany), ii. 444; congratulates Mr Gladstone on his Budget speech, ii. 446; memo. on Eastern Question, ii. 454, 456; memo. on Lord Palmerston's resignation, ii. 467; Press attacks on, iii. 1, 3, 4, 7, 8; interview with Emperor Napoleon, iii. 1; President of Patriotic Fund, iii. 2; memos. on Reform Bill, iii. 20, 22, 23, 24; memo. of Government changes, iii. 33, 34; visits French Emperor, iii. 41-43; memo. on Lord John Russell's possible resignation, iii. 58; visits the French Emperor, iii. 64; memo. on Lord John Russell's resignation, iii. 72; memos. on inability of Lord Derby and Lord John Russell to form a Government, iii. 83-96; memo. on Lord Palmerston's Government of 1855, iii. 97, 98; asks Lord Aberdeen to join new Government, iii. 98; memo. of interview with Mr Gladstone, iii. 107-109; on Austria's proposal of Crimean settlement, iii. 120, 127; visits France, iii. 135; appointment of Sir W. Codrington, iii. 155; Queen's memo. on his status, iii. 192-194; title of Prince Consort conferred, iii. 196, 197, 197; French Emperor's feeling towards England, iii. 232, 233; marriage of Princess Royal, iii. 261, 263, 264; memo. on resignation of the Government, iii. 266-268; Danish Question, iii. 281; memo. on Oudh Proclamation, iii. 284; memo. on Lord Derby and dissolution, iii. 289; visit to French Emperor at Cherbourg, iii. 295; memo. on Lord Palmerston, iii. 300; Lord Stanley's position with the Queen, iii. 301-303; tours of Prince of Wales and Prince Alfred, iii. 411; Princess Alice's engagement, iii. 415; state visit to Ireland, iii. 420; Lord John Russell's despatch to America, iii. 421; failure of health, iii. 421; death of the Duchess of Kent, iii. 435-439; illness, iii. 468, 470; draft despatch to United States, last written by, iii. 469; slight rally, 472, 473; death, iii. 421, 473
Conspiracy and Assassination Bill, iii. 266
Constantin, expedition against, i. 43; taken by France, i. 96
Constantine of Russia, Grand Duchess, ii. 7; iii. 466
Constantinople, i. 232; Russian Fleet ordered to, ii. 441, 452
Constitution de la Belgique, newspaper, i. 55
Constitution, the English, i. 358
Constitutional newspaper, i. 53
Conyngham, Lady Maria, i. 12
---- Marchioness, i. 12
---- Marquess, Lord Chamberlain, i. 12, 74, 75, 84, 110, 121
Cooper, the Leicester Chartist, i. 424
Coorg, Princess of, iii. 54
Corbett, Mr, Secretary of Legation at Florence, iii. 310
Corigan, Dominic, Physician-in-Ordinary, ii. 136
Cork, Queen Victoria's visit to, ii. 224; question of dockyard, iii. 151
Corn Laws, petition against, i. 148; debates on, i. 218, 265, 278, 280, 370, 381, 415, 450, 465; Anti-Corn-Law League, i. 370, 415, 466; ii. 30, 49, 383; paragraph in the Times, ii. 48, 49; Lord John Russell's policy, ii. 59; Sir R. Peel's views, ii. 65, 66, 87; settlement, ii. 233; Earl Grey on, ii. 377; Mr Disraeli on, ii. 381
Coronation, i. 120, 127
Corry, H., ii. 306, 405
Cottenham, Earl of, Chancellor, i. 271, 308, 314; ii. 83
County and Borough Franchise, ii. 288
Couper, Sir George, iii. 254
Courvoisier murders Lord William Russell, i. 220
Covent Garden Theatre, Free Trade meetings at, ii. 131
Coventry, Earl of, i. 91
Cowell, Major (afterwards Sir John), tutor to Prince Alfred, iii. 413
Cowley, first Baron, Minister at Frankfort, i. 495
---- second Baron (created Earl 1859), ii. 146, 186, 275; Queen's high opinion of, ii. 285, 286; Ambassador at Napoleon's Court, ii. 397, 407; Napoleon's marriage, ii. 435; Eastern Question, iii. 115, 151, 153, 154, 160; council of war at Paris, iii. 168; honours, iii. 186; iii. 221; mission to Vienna, iii. 308, 323, 324-326; rumoured treaty between France and Russia, iii. 330; terms of peace at Villafranca, iii. 359, 360; England's congress representative, iii. 375; Italian Question, iii. 384, 385; stormy interview with Napoleon, 390-394; French policy in Italy, iii. 412
Cowper, Countess, i. 201
---- Lady Fanny, i. 121; her beauty, i. 123, 125; i. 266. See also Jocelyn, Lady
---- Hon. William, Priv. Sec. to Lord Melbourne, i. 220; First Commissioner of Works, iii. 443
Cracow, ii. 72, 114
Crampton, Mr (afterwards Sir John), British Minister at Washington, dismissal of, iii. 219; English Ambassador at St Petersburg, iii. 326
Cranworth, Lord, Lord Chancellor, ii. 420; iii. 103; Divorce Bill, iii. 231
Creptowitch, Count, Russian Ambassador, iii. 185
Crimea, see Eastern Question
Croker, Right Hon. J. W., Queen's declaration, i. 197
Crown, influence of the, i. 105; prerogatives of, iii. 294, 296
---- jewels, claim to, i. 439, 487
Crowther, Rev. Samuel, ii. 366
Crystal Palace, the Queen opens the, iii. 2; visit of the Emperor and Empress of the French, iii. 117; peace fete, iii. 190
Cullen, Dr, Archbishop of Armagh, ii. 281
Cumberland, second Duke of, i. 4; his character, i. 6, 72, 76. See also Hanover, King Ernest of
---- third Duke of, see Hanover, King George V.
Cureton, General, death of, ii. 212
---- Rev. Wm., recommended for Canonry, ii. 121
Custine, Marquis Astolphe de, La Russie en 1839, i. 501
Daily News, iii. 337
Dalhousie, Countess of, i. 397; death, ii. 450 ---- tenth Earl and first Marquess of, ii. 65, 84; Viceroy of India, ii. 142; views as to the Punjab, ii. 196; Marquess, ii. 208, 221; Queen's opinion of, ii. 212; Koh-i-noor diamond, ii. 242; Rangoon, ii. 380; Cinque Ports, ii. 393; India, ii. 400, 401; on his wife's death, ii. 450; correspondence with the Queen, iii. 38, 39, 45-48, 53; desires to retire, iii. 114; retirement of, iii. 159, 179; reported failure to suppress insubordination in India, iii. 180; Lord Canning succeeds him, iii. 179; iii. 292
Dalkeith, Queen's visit to, i. 430
Dalmeny, Lord, i. 489
Danish Law of Succession, ii. 358; iii. 280
Darmes, attempts King Louis Philippe's life, i. 243
D'Aubigny, Mons., ii. 20
Davis, Jefferson, President of the Southern States, iii. 421
Davys, Rev. George, Dean of Chester, afterwards Bishop of Peterborough, instructor of Queen, i. 15, 38, 64
Dawes, Richd., Dean of Ripon, iii. 206
Dawson, Hon. Thomas Vesey, death at Inkerman, iii. 55
Deceased Wife's Sister Bill, iii. 277
Defences, national, ii. 396, 398-400; iii. 37
De Grey, Earl, Lord-Lieut, of Ireland, i. 309
Delane, John T., editor of the Times, ii. 263; and Germany, iii. 462
De la Warr, Elizabeth, Countess, i. 310
Delhi, revolt at, iii. 224, 236; capture of, iii. 236
Democracy, progress of, ii. 385
"Democratic," definition of the term, i. 107
Denison, J. E., ii. 273; Speaker, iii. 223
Denman, Lord, i. 469
Denmark, and Morocco, ii. 4; and Holstein, ii. 171, 222, 223, 249, 251, 270; peace concluded with Prussia, ii. 254, 255; Danish succession, ii. 320, 358
---- King of, letter to Queen Victoria, ii. 254
Derby, Earl of, see Stanley
Despatches, method of dealing with, ii. 221, 222
Devonshire, Duke of, ii. 14; iii. 202
Dhuleep Singh, Maharajah, Queen's impression of, iii. 39, 47, 54; iii. 219; Indian Mutiny, iii. 248, 252
Dietz, Mons., Governor of Prince Ferdinand, i. 54, 131
Dilke, Sir C. W., Baronet, iii. 477
Disbrowe, Sir Ed., British Minister at the Hague, i. 145, 409, 417
Disfranchisement Bill, ii. 380
Disraeli, Benjamin, "Young England," ii. 16; "poisoned chalice," ii. 59; protectionist, ii. 71; attack on Sir R. Peel, ii. 79, 80; leader of Opposition, ii. 208, 216, 248; motion on agricultural distress, ii. 285; protection, ii. 287; ii. 291, 301, 303, 363; on Palmerston's defence, ii. 364; Endymion, ii. 376; Chancellor of the Exchequer, ii. 381; debate on dissolution, ii. 382, 384; Militia Bill, ii. 385, 386, 387; speech on Duke of Wellington, ii. 401; Free Trade, ii. 402, 403; and Gladstone, ii. 405; Budget speech, ii. 406; loss of office, ii. 415, 427; apology for his speech, ii. 428; attack on the Government, iii. 38; Roebuck Motion, iii. 76, 79, 106; formation of Government of 1855, iii. 81, 84; attack on Lord John Russell, iii. 131; preparation for war, iii. 192; attack on the Budget, iii. 224, 226; China War debate, iii. 228, 229; speech on Indian Mutiny, iii. 239; return to office, iii. 261; Conspiracy Bill debate, iii. 265; Chancellor of the Exchequer, iii. 272; reports of the debates, iii. 274, 275, 277, 278; India Bill, iii. 279; Oudh Proclamation debate, iii. 290, 292; and Lord Stanley, iii. 301; debate on the address, iii. 340; defeat of Government, iii. 341; and the Pope, iii. 358; and Lord Palmerston's Government, iii. 429
Dissenters and Church Rates, iii. 323
Dissolution, prerogative of, ii. 91
Divorce Bill, iii. 224, 231
---- Court, Queen's objection to publication of proceedings in newspapers, iii. 378
Doabs, Eastern, disarmament of Sikhs, ii. 217
Dorset, Duke of, Master of the Horse, i. 12
Dost Mahommed, see Afghanistan, Ameer of
Douglas, General Sir Howard, iii. 175
---- Lord (afterwards Duke of Hamilton), marriage, i. 439
Douglas, Rev. Hon. A. (afterwards Bp. of Aberdeen and Orkney), iii. 102
Douro, Marchioness of, i. 486; ii. 5, 322
Doyle, Richard, i. 152
Drayton Manor, Queen's visit to, i. 509
Dresden, ii. 219
Dreux, ii. 159
Drummond, Edward, assassination of, i. 455, 456
---- Castle, Queen's visit to, i. 430
---- Henry, Member for West Surrey, iii. 76, 276
Druses, iii. 380
Dublin, Archbishop of (Richard Whateley), Queen's opinion of, i. 62
---- fear of outbreak at, ii. 169; Queen's visit to, ii. 224
Duels, military, i. 450, 485
Dufferin, Marquess of, and story of Mrs Norton and the Times, ii. 48
Duffield, Walter, ii. 41
Dumas, General, ii. 159
Duncannon, Viscount (afterwards Earl of Bessborough), Lord Privy Seal, afterwards Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, i. 99, 133, 281, 308, 344; ii. 93; death, ii. 122
Duncombe, Thomas, M.P., Finsbury, iii. 79; Roebuck Committee, ii. 106
Dundas, Vice-Admral Sir James, Commander of Mediterranean Fleet, ii. 452; iii. 1, 116
---- Rear-Admiral Richard, commands expedition to the Baltic, iii. 116
---- Mr (afterwards Lord Melville), i. 357
---- Sir David, Convention of Cintra, iii. 175
Dundonald, Earl of (formerly Lord Cochrane), iii. 9
Dunfermline, Lord (formerly James Abercromby), Speaker, i. 98; iii. 230
Dungannon, Viscount, i. 133
Dunkeld, Queen's visit to, i. 429
Dunmore, Countess of, Lady-in-Waiting, i. 384
---- Earl of, death, ii. 43
Durham, first Earl of, High Commissioner in Canada, i. 102, 103, 104; rash conduct, i. 128, 133, 137; resignation, i. 137; i. 142, 144, 155, 234
Eastern Question, ii. 431, 437, 441-444, 449, 452-471; declaration of war with Russia, iii. 1, 12, 13, 20; Turkish success, iii. 36; battle of the Alma, iii. 43, 49; Inkerman, iii. 53; Four Points negotiations, iii. 63, 65; terms of settlement and final evacuation of the Crimea, iii. 158, 182
East India Company, recall of Lord Ellenborough, ii. 1, 9, 11; giving medals, ii. 200; Sir Charles Napier, ii. 259; position of Indian princes, iii. 47, 219; Mutiny, iii. 223, 234, 237-248, 252; future Government of India, iii. 257
Eastlake, Sir Charles, Keeper of National Gallery, i. 338
Ecclesiastical Titles Bill, ii. 232, 279, 281, 283, 313, 314
Eckerforde, ii. 218
Eden, Lt.-Gen. John, C.B., iii. 39
Edinburgh, Queen's visit, i. 429
Education, Bullock's work on, ii. 214; committee on, ii. 390
Edwardes, Major, ii. 200
Egypt (see also Ali, Mehemet) and the Four Powers, i. 227, 232, 242, 252
Elchingen, Duc de, i. 83
Elcho, Lord (afterwards Earl of Wemyss), Government of 1855, iii. 98; new Foreign Office, iii. 443
Election, general 1836, i. 56; on death of William IV., i. 80, 89; ii. 126; Corrupt Practices Bill, iii. 8
Elgin, Earl of, Governor in Jamaica, ii. 47, 94; treaty with Japan, iii. 262; Postmaster-General, iii. 349
Elimar, Prince, of Oldenburg, iii. 458
Eliot, Lord, afterwards Earl of St Germans, i. 310
Elizabeth, Princess, daughter of Queen Adelaide, death, i. 31
Ellenborough, Lord (afterwards Earl of), President of Board of Control, i. 163, 309, 326; Governor-General of India, i, 344; Indian warfare, i. 407, 443; Somnauth proclamation, i. 445, 462, 468; Scinde controversy, i. 502; recall of, ii. 1, 9, 18; Earldom, ii. 10; in office, ii. 65, 70; protectionist, ii. 306; and Lord Cochrane, iii. 10; iii. 73, 81; President of Board of Control, iii. 262, 272; Oudh despatch, iii. 281, 282-289; resignation, iii. 282-285
Ellesmere, Earl of, death, iii. 227
Ellice, Mr, i. 144; ii. 92
Elliot, Captain, Chinese opium trade, i. 254, 260, 261; recalled, i. 265
---- Lady Fanny, i. 291
---- Lady Harriet, illness of, iii. 69
---- Mr (afterwards Sir Henry), P.C., G.C.B., Plenipotentiary to Naples, iii. 356, 418
Elphinstone, General, capture of, i. 254
---- Sir J. D. H., M.P. for Portsmouth, iii. 278
---- Baron, Governor of Bombay, iii. 313, 406
Ely, bishopric of, ii. 35
---- Marchioness of, iii. 378
Emlyn, Lord, marriage, i. 395
Enfield, iii. 212
England, troubles in Afghanistan, 254, 370, 373, 382, 385
---- and Austria, ii. 182, 183, 187, 190, 380; Eastern Question, ii. 432, 441, 444, 452; iii. 1, 13, 25; proposed alliance, iii. 49, 50, 65, 115, 118; Four Points, iii. 120, 144; ultimatum, iii. 152, 168, 182
---- and China, i. 260-262; successes in, i. 441; dispute with and ultimatum, iii. 223, 226, 231; treaty of Tien-tsin, iii. 262, 381; march to Pekin, iii. 381
---- and Denmark, ii. 358
---- and France, i. 93, 209, 230; ii. 1, 19, 96, 120; hospitality to King of, ii. 155; relations with as a Republic, ii. 206; on the Eastern Question, ii. 431, 443, 452, 458, 460, 470; alliance with, iii. 1, 232; feeling against, iii. 261, 264
---- and Germany, ii. 274, 275, 276
---- and India (see India)
---- and Italy, ii. 182, 186; Rome, ii. 279, 386, 387; Naples, iii. 140, 141
---- and Japan, treaty, iii. 262
---- and Persia, war, iii. 159
---- and Portugal, unpopularity, i. 57; English fleet in the Tagus, ii. 109; constitutional trouble, ii. 111, 118; conference, ii. 120; policy in, ii. 179
---- Punjab, annexation of, ii. 208
---- and Russia, i. 86; ii. 19; on the Eastern Question, ii. 431, 441-445, 452; iii. 1, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14; declaration of war, iii. 19; Crimea, iii. 24-32, 35, 36, 43; defeat at the Alma, iii. 43, 44, 50; battle of Balaklava, iii. 50; Four Points, iii. 65, 120; Sebastopol taken, iii. 141; Austrian ultimatum, iii. 152; peace and terms of settlement, iii. 158; difficulty of enforcing settlement, iii. 159-186, 213; Danish Question, iii. 439
---- and Spain, i. 433, 486, 487, 512; ii. 31, 32, 44; marriage question, ii. 72, 95-108
---- Sweden and Norway, iii. 134
---- and Turkey, Eastern Question, ii. 431, 437, 441-445, 452; iii. 1, 11, 13, 19
England and United States of America, boundary dispute, i. 254, 355, 368, 461; ii. 30, 72; rupture with, iii. 159, 219; Trent affair, iii. 421
England, General (afterwards Sir Richard), i. 402, 407
Enrique, Don, ii. 89, 90, 96, 98, 99, 103
Ense, Varnhagen, von, memoirs of, iii. 472
Erfurt, Diet of, ii. 229
Ernest, Prince, of Hohenlohe, death of, iii. 396
Ernest, King, of Hanover, i. 57, 189. See Cumberland, Duke of
---- Prince, of Saxe-Coburg, i. 48; arrival at Windsor, i. 188; i. 205; marriage, i. 380; bravery, ii. 218
Ernestine branch of Saxe-Coburg family, history of, i. 2
Erroll, Earl of, i. 300, 474
Espartero, Joaquin, Regent of Spain, i. 57, 346
Este, Sir Augustus de, i. 489
Esterhazy, Prince Paul, i. 115, 435
Eton College, ii. 21; Montem, ii. 109; resignation of Dr Hawtrey, ii. 433; extra week's holiday, iii. 200; election of Provost, iii. 431
Eu, Chateau de, i. 181, 182; Queen's visit to, i. 490; ii. 23, 89
Eugenie, Empress of the French, see Montijo
Eupatoria, disaster at, iii. 1, 63, 111
Evans, Col. (afterwards Sir G. de Lacy), i. 44, 57; iii. 53, 297
Examinations, competitive, iii. 10, 297
Executions, public, ii. 38
Exeter, Bishop of, Gorham case, ii. 273
Exeter, Marquess of, i. 312
Exhibition of 1851, in Hyde Park, ii. 231, 239; success of, ii. 283, 316, 317; ball at Guildhall, ii. 320
Factory Labour, Bill, ii. 1, 115
Fane, Hon. Julian, Secretary of Embassy, Vienna, iii. 370, 409
Farnham, Queen's visit to, iii. 400
Fawcett, Col., shot in a duel, i. 485
Featherstonhaugh, Mr., H.B.M. Consul, Havre, arranges escape of King Louis Philippe, ii. 156-160, 163
Feodore, Princess, of Leiningen, the Queen's half-sister, marriage to Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg, i. 3, 33; childhood, i. 18; i. 31, 37, 88, 125, 480, 510
Ferdinand, Maximilian Joseph, of Austria, Archduke, proposed marriage, iii. 211; marriage and death of, iii. 234, 240
---- Duke of Orleans, i. 234
---- see Portugal, King of
---- II., King of Naples, i. 51; rising against, ii. 141; illness and death, iii. 324
---- of Bulgaria, Prince, i. 431
Feroz Shah, Prince, iii. 47
Ferozepore, ii. 74, 208
Ferozeshah, ii. 31, 76
Fieschi attempts King Louis Philippe's life, i. 407
Fife, Earl of, Peerage, iii. 245
Fine Arts Commission, i. 332
Finlay, Mr, claim against Greek Government, ii. 231, 239
Finmark, guarantee of, iii. 134
Fiscal Policy, ii. 292
Fisher, Dr, see Salisbury, Bishop of
Fitzclarence, Lord Adolphus, i. 390
Fitzgerald, William Robert Seymour Vesey, Under Secretary for Foreign affairs, iii. 277, 445
---- Sir John, iii. 76
---- and Vesci, Lord, President of Board of Control, i. 347, 372
Fitzmayer, Col., iii. 182
Fitzwilliam, Earl, ii. 126-128
---- Lady Anne, i. 121
Flahaut, Madame de, ii. 39
Florence, visited by Prince Albert, i. 152; revolution in, iii. 308
Follett, Sir William, i. 219; Solicitor-General, i. 469
Fonblanque, Albany, i. 412
Foreign Enlistment Bill, iii. 2, 58
Foreign Office, new, iii. 444
Foreign Secretary, duties of, ii. 264
Forey, General, iii. 455
Fortescue, second Earl, receives the Garter, iii. 157
---- Dudley, iii. 443
Fould, Achille, French Minister, iii. 333, 418
Four Points, Crimean negotiations, iii. 63, 65, 120, 154, 158, 160-185
Fox, Charles James, i. 5, 391
---- Mr, British Minister at Washington, i. 355
France, attempts on life of King, i. 43, 243, 408; expedition to Constantin, i. 43, 57; heated debates in Chamber, i. 59, 63; Duke and Duchess of Orleans, i. 69; and England, i. 93, 97, 209, 230; and the Peninsula, i. 94; in Africa, i. 96; sympathy with Belgium, i. 102, 135; resignation of Ministry, i. 149, 151; Louis Bonaparte, i. 209; Turco-Egyptian convention, i. 227; Eastern crisis, i. 231, 235-240; friendliness with England, i. 239, 244; Thiers Ministry dismissed, i. 242; possibility of revolution, i. 246-249; and Spain, i. 347, 351, 445; Spanish marriage, i. 488; ii. 32, 44, 72, 96-109; Queen Victoria's visit to, i. 490; friction with England, ii. 1, 6, 21; England and Russia, ii. 19; hostilities with Morocco, ii. 20; fortification of Paris and Algerian trouble, ii. 31; Syrian War, ii. 68; murder of Duchesse de Praslin, ii. 115, 128; revolution, ii. 141; abdication of King, ii. 149; republic, ii. 148, 151; new Government, ii. 155, 172; national assembly, ii. 173; the Royal Family, ii. 176; entente cordiale, ii. 186, 190; English Ambassador to, ii. 190, 206; Louis Bonaparte, President of Republic, ii. 205, 210, 214; relations with England, ii. 206; state of, ii. 238; coup d'etat in Paris, ii. 334-340, 353; dispute with Russia, ii. 356; and the Swiss Government, ii. 380; champion of Italian liberty, ii. 387; Bourbons, ii. 389; position of Louis Napoleon, ii. 390; assumes imperial title, ii. 406; Eastern Question, ii. 431, 441-444, 449, 451-471; iii. 1; fleet sent to Salamis, ii. 441; and England, ii. 443; alliance with England against Russia, iii. 1, 6, 13; and Sebastopol, iii. 43, 44; Inkerman, iii. 52; and the Four Points, iii. 120; success against Russia, iii. 135; Queen's visit to, iii. 135, 136; fall of Sebastopol, iii. 142, 143, 145; desire for peace, iii. 153; peace and terms of settlement, iii. 138-185, 214, 215; rupture with King Ferdinand, iii. 158, 159; and Austria, iii. 168; bad state of army, iii. 180; feeling against England, iii. 261, 264; Italy and Sardinia, iii. 307; war with Austria, iii. 310, 314; reported treaty with Russia, iii. 328; victories, iii. 353; conclusion of peace, iii. 355; Treaty of Zurich, iii. 374; annexation of Savoy and Nice, iii. 379; expedition to Pekin, iii. 381; policy in Italy, iii. 412
Franchise, County and Borough, ii. 288, 289; Extension Committee, ii. 324; Disfranchisement Bill, ii. 380, 381; based on personal property, iii. 307; Borough, iii. 379
Francis, attempts the Queen's life, i. 370, 398, 405
---- II., King of Naples, flight to Gaeta, iii. 380, 407
Frankfort, National Assembly at, ii. 174, 188, 192
Frederic of the Netherlands, Prince, iii. 458
---- Archduke, i. 431
Frederick, William Victor Albert (afterwards German Emperor), birth of, iii. 314; christening, iii. 324
Frederick I., see Wuertemberg, King of
---- Augustus II., see Saxony, King of
---- Crown Prince of Prussia, see Prussia, Prince Frederick
Free Church of Scotland, founded, i. 448
Freemasons, i. 478
Free Trade, i. 382; ii. 132, 248, 310, 313, 344, 384, 386, 390, 399, 405, 427
Fremantle, Sir Thomas, afterwards Lord Cottesloe, i. 482
French, Emperor of the, see Napoleon
---- Empress of the, see Montijo, Mademoiselle de
French, King of the, see Louis Philippe
---- Queen of the (Marie Amelie) (see Louis Philippe), death, ii. 265
Frogmore, iii. 399; death of Duchess of Kent at, iii. 435-439, 447
Fueros, i. 188
Gaelic, in Highland schools, ii. 214
Gaeta, ii. 205
Gaillard, Gabriel Henri, La Rivalite de la France et de l'Espagne, i. 39
Gainsborough, Countess of, see Barham, Lady
Gaisford, Very Rev. Thomas (Dean of Christchurch), iii. 148
Garbett, Mr, i. 374
Gardner, Lord, i. 291
Garibaldi, guerilla leader, iii. 308; deputy for Nice, iii. 380; and Sicilian insurrection, iii. 380, 410; Lord J. Russell's letter to and reply, iii. 431, 432, 434
Geisel, Cardinal, iii. 457
George III., his politics, i. 5; family, i. 6
---- IV., marriage, i. 1; politics, i. 5; Queen's visit to, i. 11-13, 258; death, i. 19
---- V., of Hanover, see Hanover
---- Prince, of Denmark, i. 214
Germany, King of Prussia on, ii. 137; effect of French Revolution, ii. 141; anxiety in, ii. 167, 170, 174; Minor States, ii. 188, 189; interest in Lombardy, ii. 193; disorder in, ii. 199, 215; Imperial crown declined by King of Prussia, ii. 219; Union of Schleswig and Holstein, ii. 222, 249, 254; critical position of, ii. 229, 273, 275, 278; and England, ii. 274; constitutionalism, ii. 275; anxiety in, ii. 278; Diet, ii. 320; coronation, iii. 456-459; the Emperor's views, iii. 465
Ghent, disturbances at, i. 187
Gholab Singh, ii. 74
Gholam Mohammed, Prince, iii. 39
Ghuznee, surrender of, i. 402, 442; Mahmood of, iii. 46
Gibraltar, Governorship of, ii. 201
Gilbert, Major-General, ii. 217
Girardin, Emile, ii. 149
Giurgevo, Turkish success at, iii. 1, 35
Gladstone, Right Hon. W. E., Member for Newark, i. 220; President of Board of Trade, i. 370; Corn Laws, i. 381; retirement, ii. 30; Colonial Secretary, ii. 64, 65; ii. 71, 248, 252, 302, 305, 306, 368; Disfranchisement Bill, ii. 381; education minute, ii. 391; Free Trade, ii. 403, 404; and Disraeli, ii. 405; Chancellor of the Exchequer, ii. 421; first Budget, ii. 431, 446; Prince Albert's congratulations, ii. 440; Eastern Question, ii. 454; possible Leader, ii. 458; iii. 24; letter in the Morning Chronicle, iii. 8; Civil Service examinations, iii. 9, 10; Roebuck Motion, iii. 77, 79, 109; formation of Government of 1855, iii. 83, 86, 93, 94, 97, 98, 107; Chancellor of Exchequer, iii. 104; interview with Prince Albert, iii. 107; resignation, iii. 109; iii. 149; preparation for war, iii. 192; attack on Budget, iii. 224, 226; Chinese dispute, iii. 228; Divorce Bill, iii. 231; High Commissioner to Ionian Islands, iii. 262, 301, 309; Conspiracy Bill debate, iii. 265; refusal to join Government of 1858, iii. 270, 292; Oudh Proclamation debate, iii. 290; Crown prerogatives (India), iii. 295; new Reform Bill, iii. 307; Chancellor of the Exchequer, iii. 307; on the fate of the Government, iii. 341; Chancellor of the Exchequer, iii. 349; and the Pope, iii. 357; Italian policy, iii. 367; rise in Income Tax, iii. 379; desire to resign, iii. 379; Budget import duties, iii. 388; Bill for Abolition of Paper Duties thrown out, iii. 401, 402, 420; threatens resignation, iii. 403; disagreement with Palmerston, iii. 420, 423, 429
Glasgow, serious riot, ii. 141; Queen opens Waterworks, iii. 308
Glenelg, Lord, Colonial Secretary, i. 102, 104
Glenlyon, Lord (afterwards Duke of Athole), i. 429; ii. 25
Gloucester, Duchess of (Princess Mary), i. 12, 31, 172, 194, 389; ii. 174
---- Duke of, character and politics, i. 7
---- Princess Sophia Matilda of, i. 480
Gluecksburg, Prince Christian of, see Christian
Goblet, Albert Joseph, Count d'Alviella, i. 52
Goldie, Brig.-Gen., death at Inkerman, iii. 52
Goodford, Dr, Headmaster of Eton College, elected Provost, iii. 431
Gordon, Col., Deputy Quartermaster-General, censure on, iii. 174
---- Sir Robert, Ambassador to Vienna, i. 326, 359, 487, 512
Gorham, Mr, and the Bishop of Exeter, ii. 272
Gortschakoff, Prince, iii. 135; character, iii. 204, 334, 410
Gosford, Earl of, Governor of Lower Canada, i. 56
Gotha, line extinguished, i. 2
Gough, Sir Hugh (afterwards Viscount), successes in China, i. 441; baronet, i. 444; successes in India, ii. 30, 71, 73, 74; Commander-in-Chief in India, ii. 142, 208; superseded, ii. 215; Viscount, ii. 221
Goulburn, H., Chancellor of the Exchequer, i. 309; ii. 37, 38, 306; Disraeli's attack on, ii. 428
Gower, Lady Elizabeth (afterwards Duchess of Argyll), i. 449
---- Lady Evelyn Leveson, marriage, i. 489
Graham, Sir James, Home Secretary, i. 163, 219, 253, 309, 448; public executions, ii. 38, 39; Corn Laws, ii. 49; takes leave of the Queen, ii. 85, 88; as to joining the Whig Cabinet, ii. 287, 293, 298, 305, 359, 368, 375; speech on Corn Duty, ii. 382; ii. 415; Colonial Office, ii. 421; and Disraeli, ii. 428; India Bill, ii. 447; Eastern Question, ii. 454, 455; position in the Government, ii. 458; speech at Reform Club, iii. 25; Government of 1855, iii. 91, 93, 94, 97, 100; Admiralty, iii. 104; resignation, iii. 109; iii. 175, 190; Conspiracy Bill, iii. 265; defeat of the Government, iii. 267-272; Oudh Proclamation debate, iii. 290; competitive exams., iii, 297; assailed by Disraeli, iii. 341
Grahamstown, new See, ii. 448
Granby, Marquess of, iii. 76
Grantown, Queen's visit to, iii. 407
Granville, first Earl, Ambassador at Paris, i. 95, 181, 258
---- second Earl, ii. 261; Foreign Secretary, ii. 283, 343, 344, 345, 348; audience with the Queen, ii. 349; Queen's view of Foreign Policy, ii. 351, 366, 372; resignation 1852, ii. 375; Board of Trade, ii. 421; iii. 34; Government of 1855, iii. 97; President of the Council, iii. 104; iii. 141; coronation of Czar, iii. 158; iii. 196; his opinion of the Czar, iii. 203; Garter, iii. 227; China War debate, iii. 229; fails to form a Government, iii. 307, 343; and the Times disclosures, iii. 347; President of the Council, iii. 348; and the Pope, iii. 357; Sir James Hudson, iii. 377; Lord J. Russell's despatch to France, iii. 389
Graves, Lord, i. 12
Greece, throne of, i. 63; ii. 21, 199; case of Don Pacifico and Mr Finlay, ii. 231, 234; appeal to Russia, and France, ii. 242
Gregory XVI., Pope, interview with Prince Albert, i. 152; death, ii. 115
Grenadiers, wounded from Crimea iii. 110
Grenville, Lord, i. 357
Greville, Charles, journal of, i. 285; and Lord Palmerston, ii. 263; iii. 300
Grey, Sir George, Governor of Cape of Good Hope (afterwards Governor of New Zealand), iii. 201; difficulties with Hottentots, Kaffirs, and Boers, iii. 225; action at Cape Town, iii. 238
---- General, iii. 407, 473
---- second Earl, Prime Minister, i. 55; Reform Bill, i. 61; i. 283; illness, i. 512; death, ii. 43
---- third Earl, see Howick, Lord
---- Sir George, Under-Secretary for the Colonies, i. 135; Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster, i. 308; Home Secretary, ii. 60, 86; Chartist meeting, ii. 169; officers' commissions, ii. 185; ii. 237, 244, 261; on Palmerston's successor, ii. 346; seals of office given up, ii. 374; Home Office, ii. 468; Colonies, iii. 1, 34; resignation of Lord John Russell, iii. 75, 76-78; Government of 1855, iii. 93, 95, 97, 98; Cabinet of 1855, iii. 103, 104, 149, 150; Conspiracy Bill debate, iii. 265; iii. 272; Chancellor of Duchy of Lancaster, iii. 349; on Sir James Hudson's appointment, iii. 377; Trent affair, iii. 466
---- George Henry (son of the above), iii. 103
Grimston, Lady Mary, trainbearer to the Queen, i. 121; her beauty, i. 123
Groeben, General Count von der, iii. 16
Gros, Baron, ii. 235
Grosvenor, Lord, i. 202, 204, 207
---- Lord Robert (afterwards Lord Ebury), peerage, iii. 245
Guards, The, embarkation for the Crimea, iii. 14
Guelphic Order, ii. 5
Gueronniere, M. de la, The Pope and the Congress pamphlet, iii. 313, 382
Guilford, Earl of, see North, Lord
Guizot, M., i. 237, 238, 321, 347, 348; ii, 6, 20, 44, 106, 108; a fugitive, ii. 141; ii. 145, 153, 156, 162, 170, 263
Gujerat, ii. 208, 217
Haddington, Earl of, First Lord of the Admiralty, i. 309, 432; ii. 65
Hadfield, Mr, iii. 239
Halford, Sir Henry, Court Physician, i. 144, 477
Hall, Sir Benjamin (afterwards Baron Llanover), First Commissioner of Public Works, ii. 365; iii. 135, 150
Hallam's Constitutional History, i. 435, 449
Hamilton, William, attempt on Queen's life, ii. 220
Hammond, Mr (afterwards Lord), permanent Under-Secretary at Foreign Office, iii. 466
Hampden, Dr, Bishop of Hereford, ii. 115, 135, 136, 139
Hanover, House of, history of, i. 1
---- constitution abrogated, i. 57; Princess Royal's reception, iii. 454
---- King of (Ernest Augustus), the Queen's uncle, i. 6, 72, 76, 123, 126; claim to Crown jewels, i. 439; visit to the Queen, i. 477, 480-482; power to confer Orders, ii. 5; death, ii. 331; treatment of Prince Consort, iii. 192
---- King George V. of, marriage, i. 437; succeeds to the throne, ii. 334; ii. 449
Hanoverian Orders, ii. 5
Harcourt, Edward Vernon, Archbishop of York, i. 291, 292
Hardinge, Sir Henry (afterwards Viscount), i. 65; Secretary at War, i. 163, 279, 309; Governor-General of India, ii. 28, 29; settlement of Sikh boundaries, ii. 74; Queen's appreciation of, ii. 75, 77, 88; state of India, ii. 125; Ireland, ii. 188; audience with the Queen, ii. 376; Commander-in-Chief, ii. 393, 394, 396; Army promotions, iii. 39; Field-Marshal, iii. 146; Army discipline, iii. 152, 189; illness and resignation, iii. 197, 198; death and Queen's opinion of, iii. 210, 211
Hardwicke, first Earl, Lord Chancellor, i. 500, 504
---- fourth Earl, i. 384, 497; ii. 23; Lord Privy Seal, iii. 272
Harley, Lord (afterwards Earl of Oxford), i. 504
Harrow, extra week's holiday, iii. 200
Harrowby, Lord, iii. 149
Hartington, Lord (afterwards Duke of Devonshire), iii. 340
Hatzfeldt, Count, iii. 181
Havelock, Colonel, death of, ii. 212
---- General, Lucknow relief, iii. 224, 238, 249, 255, 259; death of, iii. 259
Havre, flight of King Louis Philippe, ii. 157-160
Hawes, Mr, i. 220; ii. 83
Hawtrey, Dr, Headmaster of Eton College, i. 339; Montem, ii. 109; resignation, ii. 433
Hay, Lord John, i. 44, 57
Haynau, General, attack on, ii. 231, 267, 269, 402
Hayter, Mr, artist, i. 338
---- Mr (afterwards Sir William), Liberal Whip, iii. 227
Head, Sir Francis, i. 56
Heath, Captain, H.M.S. Sanspareil, iii. 70
Heathcote, Sir William, iii. 292
Helena, Princess (afterwards Princess Christian), ii. 220
Henley, J. W., iii. 78; President of Board of Trade, iii. 272; withdrawal from Ministry, iii. 307
Hennessy, John Pope (afterwards Sir), M.P., iii. 445
Henri IV., French warship, loss of, at Balaklava, iii. 56
Herat, i. 327; iii. 159; siege of, iii. 199
Herbert, Sidney (afterwards Lord Herbert of Lea), ii. 48, 49, 84, 368; Militia Bill, ii. 388; Free Trade debate, ii. 405, 415; Admiralty, ii. 421; sends out Florence Nightingale, iii. 62; Roebuck Motion, iii. 76; formation of Government of 1855, iii. 83, 87, 91, 97, 99; Cabinet, iii. 103, 104; resignation, iii. 109; Lord Palmerston, opinion of, iii. 149, 150; declines to join the Government, iii. 150; Secretary for War, iii. 349; England's interference with Italy, iii. 364; illness and death, iii. 422
Herries, Rt. Hon. J. C., ii. 291, 303
Hesse-Cassel, ii. 272
Hesse, Prince Charles of, iii. 458
Hever Castle, Queen's visit to, i. 37
Heytesbury, Lord, Governor of Isle of Wight, i. 326, 330
Highland Volunteers, i. 429
Highlanders, 92nd, i. 429
Hill, Viscount, Commander-in-Chief, i. 100, 263; resignation and death, i. 419, 420, 421, 446
---- Lord Marcus, i. 300
Hilliers, Gen. Baraguay de, at capture of Bomarsund, iii. 36
Hindoos, public offices opened to, ii. 29; remarriage of widows, iii. 223, 235; Indian Mutiny, iii. 224, 252; address to the Queen, iii. 399
Hobhouse, Sir John Cam (afterwards Lord Broughton), President of Board of Control, i. 62, 281; ii. 86, 287
Hohenlohe, House of, history of, i. 3
---- Langenburg, Ernest, Prince of, i. 3; marriage, i. 33; ii. 402; question of his daughter's marriage, ii. 429
---- Hermann, Prince, of, iii. 396
---- Princess of, see Adelaide, Princess; Feodore, Princess
Hohenzollern, Prince of, iii. 457
Holland, Dr (afterwards Sir Henry), Court Physician, i. 237, 438; ii. 8; Prince Consort's last illness, iii. 473
---- and Belgian dispute settled, i. 43, 102, 142, 145, 146; King Leopold's views on, i. 152; and England, i. 117-120; Queens visit to, ii. 44
---- King William I. of, i. 188; abdication, i. 210, 351
---- King William II. of, as Prince of Orange, suitor to the Queen, i. 1; becomes King, i. 210; i. 379, 380, 409; visit to the Queen Sophia Frederica, ii. 42
---- King William III. of, visit to King Leopold, iii. 454
---- Queen of, visit to England, iii. 240
Holland, Lord, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, i. 245
Holstein, union with Schleswig, ii. 222, 249, 250, 251, 258, 270
Holy Alliance, i. 44
Holyrood Palace, ii. 266; iii. 50
Honfleur, ii. 157, 159
Hong-Kong, i. 261, 262; cession of, to England, i. 370; ii. 4
Hooghly River, iii. 250
Hope, A. J. (afterwards Beresford-Hope), iii. 8
Horsman, Mr, M.P., iii. 276, 404
Hospitals for sick and wounded soldiers, iii. 113
Hotham, Admiral Sir William, i. 216
House Tax, ii. 407, 411
Household appointments, ii. 373, 376
Howard, Charles, i. 419
---- de Walden, Lord, British Minister at Lisbon and Brussels, i. 96, 131, 133, 356, 485; ii. 95
Howden, Lord (formerly Sir John H. Caradoc), British Minister at Rio Janeiro and Madrid, ii. 133, 241, 323, 390
Howick, Lord (afterwards third Earl Grey), views on Canadian affairs, i. 98, 100; on civil government of the Army, i. 147; Corn Laws, i. 465; and Lord Palmerston, ii. 59; possible Colonial Secretary, ii. 59; Ireland, ii. 84; his party, ii. 86; views on resignation of Government, ii. 375; iii. 80, 81, 86, 89, 90; iii. 192; South Africa, iii. 201; refusal to join the Government of 1858, iii. 270
Howley, Dr, see Canterbury, Archbishop of
Huebner, Baron, Austrian Ambassador at Paris, ii. 422; iii. 310, 321, 327
Hudson, Sir J., British Envoy at Turin, ii. 386; iii. 161, 333; peace at Villafranca, iii. 359; iii. 375, 440
Hugo, Victor (1802-1885), Napoleon le Petit, ii. 391
Hull, Queen's visit to, iii. 49
Hume, Joseph, i. 60, 90, 147; ii. 70, 123
Humiliation, days of, Queen's views on, iii. 19, 20; national prayer and humiliation, iii. 247, 248
Hummelauer, Baron, ii. 174
Hungary, submission of, ii. 208, 223
Hunt, Mr Leigh, i. 412
Huskisson, Mr, i. 278
Hutchinson, Mrs, biographer of her husband, i. 52
Ibrahim Pasha, (son of Mehemet Ali), i. 142, 246
Idees Napoleoniennes, ii. 374
Income Tax, Queen's decision to pay, i. 387; iii. 36; Bill, i. 403, 405; raised, ii. 141, 303, 307, 312, 388; reduction for farmers, ii. 406; ii. 431; iii. 226; increase, iii. 379; reduction, iii. 420
Indemnity Act, iii. 224, 256
India (see Afghanistan and East India Co.), policy as to Herat, i. 327-329; reinforcements for China, i. 336; success in, i. 481; retention of the Scinde, i. 502; recall of Lord Ellenborough, ii. 1, 9, 18, 19; education, ii. 28; public offices opened to Hindoos, ii. 29; Sikhs aggressive, ii. 30; Sikhs defeated, ii. 71; extension of boundaries, ii. 74; prosperity under British rule, ii. 125; origin of Sikh War, ii. 142; necessity of making Punjab a British province, ii. 196; successful operations against Sikhs, ii, 208, 217; safety of English prisoners, ii. 217; disarmament of Sikhs, ii. 217; annexation of the Punjab, ii. 220; state of, ii. 400; honours to Duke of Wellington, ii. 401; India Bill, ii. 431, 447; satisfactory state of, iii. 45-48, 53; troops for the Crimea, iii. 46; Oudh placed under British control, iii. 159; Mutiny in, iii. 223, 235, 235-238; Lucknow, iii. 243, 248, 249; Cawnpore, massacre of garrison, iii. 247, 248, 249; future government of India, iii. 257, 262, 293; Oudh Proclamation, iii. 262, 281, 282; Indian Army organisation, iii. 282, 295, 302; proclamation, iii. 298; title of Viceroy, iii. 304; religious question, iii. 304; army question, iii. 317-320; termination of the Mutiny, iii. 350; status of Bussahir, iii. 360; titles and honours, iii. 387; letters of thanks to civil servants, iii. 399
Indus, ii. 74
Inkerman, battle of, iii. 252; account of the battle, iii. 54-56
Insanity, plea of, i. 469
Inverness, Duchess of (wife of Duke of Sussex), i. 479, 480
Ionian Islands, constitution of, iii. 301
Ireland, Secret Societies, i. 43; Municipal Corporations Bill, i. 56, 66; Tithe Bill, i. 66; and O'Connell, i. 130; Committee for, i. 149; registration, i. 265; repeal agitation, i. 450; Arms Bill, i. 482; indictment of O'Connell, ii. 1; report of Potato Commission, ii. 48; failure of potato crop, ii. 53; Coercion Bill, ii. 71, 79, 81; Queen's proposed visit to, ii. 93, 95, 127; alarming state of, ii. 141, 170, 188; Queen's visit to, ii. 208, 223, 224; enthusiasm of people, ii. 226; brevet promotions, ii. 227; another visit to, iii. 420
Irun, capture of, i. 57
Isabella, Queen, of Spain, i. 59, 62; guardianship of, i. 346; proposed marriage of, i. 349, 432, 485, 486, 487, 512; ii. 4, 31, 32, 44, 71, 90, 96, 107, 389; iii. 6, 51
Ismail, surrender of, iii. 159
Issendorf, M. de, iii, 455
Isturitz, Senor, Spanish statesman, flight, i. 44; ii. 97, 99
Italy, special mission to the Vatican, ii. 128; revolution, ii. 141; and Austria, ii. 174; and England, ii. 182, 183, 187, 386, 387; Piedmontese successes in Northern, ii. 191, 191, 208, 213; and Austria, iii. 306, 322; proposed congress and war, iii. 324-354; Pope's opinion of Italians, iii. 357; insurrection at Perugia, iii. 358; Treaty of Zurich and congress to settle Italian affairs, iii. 374, 379; French policy in, iii. 412; summary of events in 1861, iii. 420; Palmerston's views on, iii. 427, 428
Jackson, Serjeant J. D., Irish Solicitor-General, i. 352, 354
Jamaica, troubles in, and constitution of, i. 102, 141, 153; Bill, i. 176
James, Edwin, successful defence of Dr Bernard, iii. 274
Japan, treaty with, iii. 262
Jarnac, Count, French Ambassador, ii. 21, 160
Jaux, M. de, ii. 429
Jenkinson, Lady Louisa, i. 121
Jenner, Dr (afterwards Sir William), Physician-Extraordinary to the Queen, in attendance on Prince Consort, iii. 473, 476
Jersey, Earl of, Master of the Horse, i. 310
Jewish Disabilities Bill, iii. 224
Jocelyn, Lord, on Free Trade, ii. 403
---- Lady, i. 380; iii. 427; see also Cowper, Lady Fanny
John, Archduke, younger son of the Emperor Leopold II, i. 431; ii. 171, 188, 191, 193
---- Prince of Portugal, brother of King Pedro, iii. 457
Joinville, Prince de, i. 94, 452, 480; imprudent brochure, ii. 1, 11, 24, 27; ii. 148, 153, 167, 192, 267, 337, 353; gallant deed, ii. 192; accident to, iii. 324
---- Princess de, i. 178, 490
Jones, Sir John Thomas, Wars in Spain, i. 38
---- Mr, Vice-Consul at Havre, ii. 157
Jowett, Rev. B., Fellow of Balliol College, Professor of Greek, iii. 148
Kaffir War, iii. 201
Kainardji, Treaty of, ii. 431, 452, 464
Kalampaka, engagement at, iii. 37
Karak, island of, iii. 4
Kars, fortress of, iii. 64, 159, 178, 179, 208
Keane, Sir John (afterwards Lord), Cabul, i. 142
Kellerman, General, and Convention of Cintra, iii. 175
Kellersberg, Baron, iii. 328
Kennedy, Mr, removed from Crown Office, iii. 61
Kennington Common, Chartist meeting, ii. 169
Kensington Palace, Queen's birth-place, i. 8; Queen's early recollections of, i. 10; proposal to build National Gallery on site of, ii. 315
Kent, Duchess of (Queen's mother), biography of, i. 3, 4, 8, 9; character and disposition, i. 9; Parliamentary Grant, i. 9; education of Princess Victoria, i. 14-17; Parliamentary Grant increased, i. 19; estrangement with William IV., i. 19; visit to Belgium, i. 287; ii. 177; illness of, iii. 335; Frogmore, iii. 399; Edinburgh, iii. 405; present at Volunteer Review, iii. 406; death, iii. 420, 435-439
---- Duke of (Queen's father), politics and philanthropic views, i. 5; biography, i. 8; sudden death, i. 9
Kertsch, successful attack on, iii. 64, 126
Khalsad army, surrender of, ii. 216
Khyber Pass, i. 370, 402
Kinburn, citadel of, iii. 64
King, Mr Locke, ii. 288, 295
---- Rev. Bryan, iii. 417
Kinglake, Mr, Invasion of the Crimea, iii. 31, 36, 111
Kingstown (Ireland), Queen Victoria's visit to, ii. 225
Kinsky regiment, loss of twenty-four officers, ii. 219
Kirkpatrick, William, ii. 435
Kisseleff, General, Russian Ambassador, iii. 393
Klebelsberg, Countess, marriage, i. 13
Knatchbull, Sir Edward, Paymaster-General, i. 279, 309
Knightley, Rainald (afterwards Sir), M.P., iii. 76
Knollys, Sir William, K.C.B., iii. 39
Koh-i-noor diamond, ii. 208; history of, ii. 242
Kokan, Khan of, iii. 45
Koller, Baron, Austrian Ambassador, ii. 267-269
Koenigsberg, crowning of King and Queen of Prussia, iii. 420
Kossuth, Louis, champion of Hungarian freedom, flight of, ii. 208; visit to England, ii. 283; reception by Lord Palmerston, ii. 324-331, 440, 441; iii. 432
Lablache, Luigi (Queen's singing master), i. 50, 62, 89
Labouchere, Mr (afterwards Lord Taunton), President of the
Board of Trade, i. 262, 281, 308; Government of 1855, iii. 91, 150, 190, 272
Labour Bill, Mines, i. 370; Factories, ii. 1
Laeken, Royal Palace in Belgium, i. 34
Lagos, capture of, ii. 366
Lahore, ii. 217
Lamartine, M., ii. 173, 174
Lambeth Palace, i. 388
Landgravine, Princess Elisabeth, i. 212
Landseer, Sir Edwin Henry (1802-1873), artist, i. 396, 397
Langdale, Lord, Master of the Rolls, i. 335
Lansdowne, Marquess of, Lord President of the Council, i. 74, 281; ii. 83, 86, 236, 237; Government crisis, ii. 290, 308, 310, 413-417; in the Cabinet, ii. 424; Reform Bill, ii. 468; and Lord John Russell, iii. 58; formation of the Government of 1855, iii. 85-89, 90, 93, 94, 97, 98, 102; Cabinet, iii. 103, 104; his ministerial life, iii. 104; iii. 190; declines a dukedom, iii. 246
Laporte, i. 220
La Susse, French Admiral, ii. 26
Lavradio, M., Portuguese statesman, i. 58
Law, administration of, ii. 67
---- Lords, want of, iii. 145
Lawrence, Sir Henry, Military Administrator at Oudh, death at Lucknow, iii. 224, 242
Lawrence, Mrs George, courage of, ii. 217
---- Sir J., Oudh Proclamation, iii. 286
Layard, Mr, Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs, iii. 76, 98, 376, 443-447
Lee, Dr James Prince (afterwards Bishop of Manchester), ii. 131
Leeke, Admiral Sir Henry, capture of Bushire, iii. 159
Lefevre, Mr Shaw (afterwards Viscount Eversley), Speaker, i. 141, 176; iii. 223, 230
Lefroy, John Henry, Inspector-General of Army Schools, iii. 220
Lehzen, Baroness (Queen's governess), i. 12, 14, 25, 122, 224
Leicester, Earl of, i. 350
Leigh, Mr Pemberton (afterwards Lord Kingsdown), ii. 284; iii. 145; declines Lord Chancellorship, iii. 271
Leiningen, House of, history of, i. 9
---- Prince of, marriage, i. 3; death, i. 9
---- Prince Charles of (son of above), i. 13, 120, 125, 126; ii. 188; death, iii. 216, 217
---- Princess Feodore, see Feodore
Leith, proposed dockyard at, iii. 151
Le Marchant, Sir John Gaspard, Lieut. Gov. of Nova Scotia, iii. 189
Lennox, Lady Caroline, i. 121
Leopold, Prince (afterwards Duke of Albany), birth, ii. 444
---- Duke of Brabant (afterwards 2nd King of the Belgians), i. 59; ii. 6
---- 1st King of the Belgians, birth and parentage, i. 4, 22; Queen's reminiscences of, i. 10, 11, 13, 22; kindness to Duchess of Kent, i. 11; influence on, and kindness to the Queen, i. 19, 22, 23; in the Russian army, refusal of throne of Greece, i. 22; accepts Belgian throne, gallantry in war, a model ruler, i. 23; nature of correspondence with the Queen, i. 27; Queen Victoria's first letter to, i. 32; valuable advice to Queen Victoria, i. 37; newspaper abuse of, i. 53; birth of second son, i. 63; visit to the Queen, i. 91; Belgian interests, i. 134, 151, 152, 153; England and France, i. 227-251; views on dissolution, i. 282-289; Queen's visit to, i. 492, 493; friendship with Queen Victoria, ii. 10; views on Czar's visit to England, ii. 19; letters on King Louis Philippe's visit to England, ii. 23, 25; birthday letter to the Queen, ii. 39; on state of Germany, ii. 167; failure of insurrection, ii. 172; Louis Bonaparte, ii. 213; state of France, ii. 238, 342; on death of Sir Robert Peel, ii. 255; illness of Queen Louise, ii. 266; the Sovereign "People," ii. 379; on Victor Hugo, ii. 391; on death of Duke of Wellington, ii. 395; the Empress of the French, ii. 436; Eastern Question, ii. 441, 443; Press attacks on Prince Consort, iii. 5; visits the Queen, iii. 133; on the conclusion of the war, iii. 172, 185; iii. 195; review of Crimean troops at Aldershot, iii. 198; as to decorating Duke of Westmorland, iii. 202; Princess Charlotte's proposed marriage, iii. 207; on death of Prince Charles of Leiningen, iii. 216; marriage of Princess Charlotte, iii. 234, 240; on the Queen's visit to Napoleon, iii. 295; Napoleon's desire for war, iii. 315; Napoleon and the Pope, iii. 382; Italian Question, iii. 386; Prince of Wales's visit to Canada, iii. 404; Volunteer Review in Hyde Park, iii. 406; letter to the Queen, iii. 414; death of Duchess of Kent, iii. 435-439, 451; sympathy for Prince Consort's illness, iii. 471, 472
Leopold, Prince of Saxe-Coburg, ii. 89, 97, 98
Letters, Sunday delivery, ii. 244
Levis, Duc de, i. 507
Lewis, Sir George Cornewall, Chancellor of Exchequer, iii. 109; Stamp Duties Bill, iii. 116; Budget, iii. 224; Income Tax, iii. 226; financial crisis, iii. 255; Home Secretary, iii. 348; St Juan dispute, iii. 373
Lhuys, M. Drouyn de, French Foreign Minister, ii. 262; and Russian loan, iii. 35; Austria's proposed terms of Crimean settlement and resignation, iii. 120
Liberals (see Whigs), small majority, i. 176; gains at election, 1839, ii. 126, 458; Lord Palmerston's followers, the Liberal Party, iii. 110; Oudh Proclamation debate, iii. 290, 291; new Reform Bill, iii. 307; Lord Palmerston forms a Government, iii. 307, 344-349
Liddell, Mr, iii. 239
Liechtenstein, Prince and Princess of, i. 433
Liege, iii. 453
Lieven, Princess de, i. 85, 88
Ligne, Prince de, i. 109
Lincoln, Abraham, President, United States, iii. 421
---- Bishop of (John Kaye), report as to Queen's education, i. 14-16
---- Earl of (afterwards (T.N.: 1851) fifth Duke of Newcastle), Chief Commissioner of Woods and Forests, i. 466; ii. 84; ii. 294, 300, 346, 350, 354, 360, 420, 448-449, 455, 468, 471; Secretary of State for War, iii. 1; Marshal St Arnaud, iii. 30; hospital at Scutari, iii. 61; Lord J. Russell's resignation, iii. 73, 75, 80, 91, 97; Knight of the Garter, iii. 145, 154, 156; refuses to join Government of 1858, iii. 271; Colonial Secretary, iii. 349; tour with Prince of Wales, iii. 380, 405, 414
Lind, Jenny, ii. 123
Lindley, Dr, Irish Commissioner on potato disease, ii. 48
Lindsay, Lady Charlotte, i. 358
Lisbon, revolution, i. 54; run on the bank of, ii. 90
Liverpool, bank failures, ii. 131
---- third Earl of, biography of, i. 50, 165; Lord Steward, i. 169, 310; ii. 85, 89; death of, ii. 323
Llanover, Baron, see Hall, Sir B.
Lloyd, Thomas Davies, Baronetage, iii. 477
Lochnager, Queen's visit to, ii. 322
Loftus, Lord A., iii. 153
Login, Sir John, iii. 248; Oudh Proclamation, iii. 286
Lombardy, ii. 178, 182, 183, 186, 191, 194, 198; ceded to Sardinia, iii. 308
London, Bishop of (C. J. Blomfield), report on Queen's education, i. 14-16, 340; Papal aggression, ii. 281; iii. 416; (A. C. Tait), Divorce Bill, iii. 231
Londonderry, Marquis of, Ambassador at Vienna, i. 420; ii. 287; Garter, ii. 391, 393
Longley, Charles Thomas, Bishop of Durham (afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury), iii. 206
Lonsdale, John (Bishop of Lichfield), ii. 35
---- Earl of, ii. 392
Loodiana, ii. 74
Lords, House of, increase of appellate jurisdiction, iii. 158; powers in Money Bills, iii. 379, 401; throw out Abolition of Paper Duties Bill, iii. 401, 403; privilege resolutions, iii. 404
---- Justices, question of, ii. 44
Louis XVIII., character of, i. 53
Louis Napoleon, see Napoleon
---- Philippe, King of the French, biography of, i. 4; Belgian throne, i. 22; attempted assassination of, i. 43, 243, 407; letters to the Queen, i. 77; ii. 27, 57, 78, 146, 160; proposed visit to the Queen, i. 181, 182; ii. 21-22; and English Government, ii. 1, 21, 27, 68; letter from the Queen on resignation of Sir R. Peel and reply, ii. 69, 78; ii. 89; the Spanish marriages, ii. 71, 90, 102, 105, 107; ii. 118; abdication, ii. 141, 148; death of his sister, ii. 143-147; flight of, ii. 149, 152, 153-165; gratitude to the Queen, ii. 160; ii. 169; Queen Victoria's view of his policy, ii. 170, 172; position of, ii. 177, 183, 204; illness and death, ii. 231, 238, 265; compared with Napoleon III. in knowledge, iii. 124
Louis, Prince, of Hesse (afterwards Grand Duke Louis IV.), engagement to Princess Alice, iii. 405, 415, 418, 419
---- Mrs (Queen's dresser), i. 10, 14, 110; death, i. 111
Louisa, Princess, of Hesse, ii. 358
Louise (Queen of the Belgians), marriage and correspondence with the Queen, i. 28; her character, i. 34; letter on the Queen's engagement, i. 192; on death of the Duke of Orleans, i. 413, 414; ii. 7; on her father's visit to England, ii. 21, 22, 23; sorrow at Madame Adelaide's death, ii. 143-145; French Revolution and her father's flight, ii. 150; illness, ii. 266; death, ii. 266, 267; ii. 271
---- Princess, of Belgium, birth, iii. 276, 397
Loewenstein, Prince William of, i. 490
Loyd, Mr Jones (afterwards Lord Overstone), ii. 130
Lucan, Lord, censure on, iii. 175
Lucca, Duke of, i. 148
Lucknow, iii. 177; mutiny and siege of, iii. 224, 238; relief of, iii. 248, 254, 259, 262, 278
Luitpold of Bavaria, Prince, iii. 458
Lushington, Dr Stephen, Admiralty Judge, i. 62, 277; refuses a life peerage, ii. 284; iii. 145; on right to search ships, iii. 466
Luxemburg, i. 43, 102
Lyndhurst, Lord, Lord Chancellor, i. 163, 253, 308; ii. 368; on Russia's aggressiveness, iii. 35; title of Prince Consort, iii. 196, 197; Divorce Bill, iii. 231, 232
Lynedoch, Lord, death, i. 512
Lyons, Richard Bickerton Pemell, K.C.B. (afterwards Earl Lyons), the Pope's appreciation of, iii. 310; United States dispute, iii. 469
---- Sir Edmund, commands Mediterranean Fleet, iii. 116
Lyttelton, Lady (governess to the Royal children), i. 390, 394; ii. 3
---- Lord, iii. 190
Lytton, see Bulwer Lytton
M'Caskill, Sir John, death, ii. 76
M'Culloch, Mr, ii. 303
Macaulay, T. B. (afterwards Lord Macaulay), Secretary at War, i. 141; China debate, i. 219; in favour of dissolution, i. 281, 308; on Somnauth Proclamation, i. 469; Maynooth grant, ii. 37; defeat at Edinburgh, ii. 126; peerage, iii. 245
Macdonald, Captain, iii. 462
---- Lt.-Col. Hon. Bosville, iii. 70
---- Miss, ii. 220
Macmahon, Mr, Conspiracy Bill debate, iii. 265
Macnaghten, Sir William, envoy at Cabul, i. 209, 383; death, i. 386
MacNaghten, Daniel, assassin, i. 455-459; pronounced insane, i. 468, 469
MacNeill, Sir John, iii. 175
Madiai, release of the, ii. 443
Magenis, Arthur Charles (afterwards Sir), Minister at Stockholm, iii. 133
Magenta, Duc de, iii. 461
Magnan, Marshal, iii. 136
Mahmoud, Sultan, war with Pasha of Egypt, i. 141; successor, i. 182
Mahon, Lord (afterwards fifth Earl Stanhope), History of England, i. 436, 449
Malakhoff batteries, attack on, iii. 64, 128
---- Duc de, see Pelissier
Malcolm, Major, i. 446
Malegnano, Austrians defeated at, iii. 308
Malmesbury, Earl of, memoirs, ii. 2; Foreign Secretary, ii. 372-374, 397; Napoleon's title, ii. 406; secret protocol, ii. 408; question of Princess Adelaide of Hohenlohe's marriage, ii. 408-410, 422; iii. 190; Foreign Secretary, iii. 272; Orsini incident, iii. 273, 274; Danish Question, iii. 280; and Italy, iii. 305; proposed congress to settle Italian difficulties, iii. 325-335, 341, 362; Peers and Money Bills, iii. 379; and Lord Palmerston's Government, iii. 423, 429
Malta, English Church for, i. 138
Maltby, Dr Edward, Bishop of Durham, i. 122; ii. 273
Mamelon, capture of, iii. 64, 126
Manchester, riot, i. 422-424; Chartist fiasco, ii. 169
---- Duchess of (afterwards Duchess of Devonshire), Mistress of the Robes, iii. 454
Mangles, Mr, of East India Company, iii. 239
Mann, Sir Horace, i. 389
Manners, Lord John (afterwards seventh Duke of Rutland), ii. 17; Commissioner of Works, iii. 272; on John Bright, iii. 394; on new Foreign Office, iii. 443
Manning, Marie, her execution, ii. 269
Mansfield, Colonel, military adviser at Constantinople, iii. 154
---- Earl of, i. 429
Manteuffel, Baron, President of Prussian Ministry, iii. 19, 153, 181
Maria, Donna, see Portugal, Queen of
Mario, opera singer, ii. 253
Maritime Law, International, iii. 183
Markham, General, death, of, iii. 153
Marmora, General La, Sardinian General, iii. 66, 134, 135, 168
Maronites, iii. 380
Marriage Act, i. 43
Marston, North, repair of church, ii. 392
Martin, Rev. Francis, bursar, Trinity Coll., Cambridge, i. 348
---- Sir Theodore, Life of Prince Consort, iii. 41, 137; last draft prepared by Prince Consort, iii. 469
Mary, Princess, see Gloucester, Duchess of
---- of Cambridge, Princess (afterwards Duchess of Teck), proposed marriage of, iii. 206, 209
Maryborough, Lady, i. 223
Mason, Mr, Confederate Envoy, iii. 466
Mathew, Father, ii. 88
Maule, Mr Fox, see Panmure, Lord
Maundy money, ii. 37
Maurice, Rev. F. D., ii. 46
Maximilian, Archduke, see Ferdinand
Mayne, Richard, Commissioner of Police, ii. 169
Maynooth Roman Catholic College, grant, ii. 30, 36, 37, 75
Mazzini, ii. 440; iii. 359
Mecklenburg, Prince Charles of, i. 6
Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Frederic William, Grand Duke of, i. 431, 435
Medals, Peninsular, ii. 109-113; East India Company, ii. 200; Crimea, iii. 56, 116; distribution of, iii. 127
Medjid, Abdul, Sultan, i. 182; interview with Duke of Cambridge, iii. 27
Meer Shere Mahommed, i. 481
Meerut, revolt at, iii. 224
Melbourne, Viscount, Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury, i. 20; Ministry, i. 24; i. 67; Queen's confidence in and appreciation of, i. 74, 79, 158, 159, 174, 189, 192; letter to Queen on accession, i. 74; interview with Queen, i. 76; arrangements for King William IV.'s funeral, i. 80, 81; King Leopold's appreciation of, i. 81, 82, 87, 116, 134, 145, 175, 190; Duke of Wellington's opinion of, i. 83; indisposition, i. 84; politics, i. 89; visit to the Queen, i. 92; Canadian troubles, i. 98, 99, 100, 103, 127-129, 133, 135-137; i. 102; Coronation arrangements, i. 114, 115; Belgium and Holland, i. 118, 135; ceremony, i. 122-125; Cabinet crisis, i. 147, 149, 150; resignation, i. 154, 155; advises the Queen, i. 155, 156, 160, 161, 162, 164; Queen's distress at parting, i. 156, 159; Queen's refusal of Peel's terms, i. 167; Prince Albert's declaration, i. 196; Turco-Egyptian Convention, i. 227-232; overtures to France, i. 231; Eastern difficulties, i. 237-239; criticism on his future correspondence with the Queen, i. 254, 330, 331, 340, 353, 360, 361; Ministry in jeopardy, i. 268-287; dissolution, i. 301; takes leave of the Queen, i. 306; portrait of, i. 333, 337; on division of high offices of State, i. 357; address from Derby, i. 369; visit to the Queen, i. 371, 372, 451, 512; serious illness, i. 376, 438; on his health, i. 449, 453, 458, 462, 467, 474, 483; Queen's visit to, i. 483; on old age, ii. 8; opinion of Emperor of Russia, ii. 17; crisis in Parliament, ii. 18; on Scotland, ii. 24; Queen's letters to, ii. 36, 42; Sir R. Peel's resignation, ii. 51, 52, 67; political views of, ii. 92; Queen's advance of money to, ii. 140; Queen's birthday congratulations to, ii. 164; death, ii. 203
Melvill, Sir James, Chief Secretary, East India Company, iii. 299
Mendizabal, Don Juan Alvarez y, Spanish statesman, i. 44; Queen's opinion of, i. 59
Menschikoff, Prince, the Eastern Question, ii. 431, 442, 449
Mensdorff-Pouilly, Comte Emmanuel de, marriage, i. 97, 396, 404; ii. 333
Meredith, Mr, ii. 48
Metcalfe, Sir Charles (afterwards Lord), Governor-General of Canada, i. 454, 508; retirement, ii. 46, 94
Metchersky, Princess, iii. 387
Metternich, Prince, i. 190, 192, 231, 232, 236, 359, 487, 512; ii. 4, 114; a fugitive, ii. 141, 170, 171; Italian Question, iii. 370, 375, 412
Meyendorff, Baron, Austrian Foreign Minister, ii. 457
Meyer, Miss Eugenie, i. 461
Michael, Grand Duke, visit to the Queen, i. 494, 501
Miguel, Dom, i. 43; ii. 118; iii. 10
Milan, surrender of, ii. 191; insurrection, ii. 440; French Emperor and King Emmanuel enter, iii. 308
Milanese rising against Austria, ii. 141
Miles, Mr, M.P. for Bristol, on Sugar Duties, ii. 17; iii. 78
Militia, reconstruction, ii. 141; Bill, ii. 367, 368, 374, 380, 388; carried, ii. 388, 440; iii. 71
Milner Gibson, Mr, iii. 223; Conspiracy Bill Debate, iii. 261, 265, 266, 267; President of the Board of Trade, iii. 349; Abolition of Paper Duties Bill, iii. 401, 403
Milnes, R. Monckton (afterwards Lord Houghton), iii. 76
Ministers of State, duties of, i. 106; iii. 68, 69
Minto, Earl of, First Lord of the Admiralty, i. 281, 308; ii. 86, 107, 115; special mission to the Vatican, ii. 128, 183; ii. 196, 236; Pope's opinion of, iii. 356
Modena, Duke of, ii. 174
Mohammedan schools, ii. 29; Indian Mutiny, iii. 251
Moldavia, iii. 262
Mole, Count, French Premier and Foreign Secretary, i. 95
Molesworth, Sir William, at the Office of Works, ii. 422; Government of 1855, iii. 98; Board of Works, iii. 104; death, iii. 148
Monro, Major, i. 315
Montebello, battle of, iii. 308
Montemolin, Count of, ii. 89, 90
Montijo, Mdlle. Eugenie de (Empress of the French), parentage, marriage to Napoleon, ii. 435, 435, 436; ii. 437; visit to England, iii. 117; Queen's opinion of, iii. 122, 137; Queen's letter to, re Treaty of Paris, iii. 207, 208; attempted assassination of, iii. 261, 264; tour in Scotland and England, iii. 415; visit to the Queen, iii. 418, 419
Montjoye, Madame de, ii. 165
Montpensier, Duc de, i. 439, 501; ii. 22, 23, 24, 32; engagement to the Infanta, ii. 72, 99, 100, 102, 107, 148, 149, 155, 164, 172
Montreal, i. 508
Moodkee, ii. 31, 76
Mooltan, insurrection, ii. 196, 208
Morning Chronicle, i. 374; ii. 34, 86, 172; iii. 7, 8, 463
Morning Post, iii. 337
Morocco, ii. 4
Morpeth, Viscount (afterwards Earl of Carlisle), see Carlisle
Morris, Mr, Governor of the Bank, ii. 129
Morton, Earl of, i. 499
Mouravieff, General, takes Kars fortress, iii. 64
Muich, Loch, Queen's visit to, ii. 321, 392
Municipal Corporations, i. 43
Munro, Lieutenant, duel, i. 485
Munster, Earl of, Governor of Windsor Castle, tragic death, i. 387, 390
Muntz, George Frederick, M.P., Birmingham, iii. 79
Murat, Madame de, ii. 154
---- Joachim, formerly King of Naples, iii. 428
Murray, Sir George, Commander-in-Chief for Ireland, i. 420
---- George, Bishop of Rochester, iii. 417
Muscat, Imam of, list of presents for the Queen, i. 406
Musgrave, Dr, Bishop of Hereford (afterwards Archbp. of York), ii. 135
Mutiny Act, ii. 447
Naas, Lord (afterwards Earl of Mayo), Chief Secretary for Ireland, iii. 277
Nagpur, annexation of, iii. 178
Nana Sahib, perfidy of, iii. 238, 351
Nanking, i. 370, 442
Napier, Sir Charles (General), Scinde victory, i. 481; G.C.B., i. 484; Governor of Scinde, i. 503; receives the thanks of both Houses, ii. 1; succeeds Lord Gough, ii. 208, 215; resignation, ii. 259
---- Sir Charles (Admiral), i. 252; commands the Baltic Fleet, iii. 1, 2, 10, 16; capture of Bomarsund, iii. 36
---- Sir George, Governor of Cape Colony, i. 427
Naples, cholera panic, i. 52; slight on English Government, iii. 140, 141; seizure of the Cagliari, iii. 262, 275; triumphal entry by King of Sardinia and Garibaldi, iii. 380; flight of Francis II., iii. 380, 408; revolution doctrines, iii. 383, 397; absorption of, iii. 428
---- Francis II., King of, amnesty granted, iii. 311; letter to the Queen, iii. 409; reply, iii. 412; character, iii. 418
Napoleon I., Emperor, iii. 139, 274, 354
---- Louis (afterwards Napoleon III., Emperor of the French), lands at Boulogne, i. 209, 228; President of the French Republic, ii. 141, 178; elections, ii. 204, 205; writes to Queen Victoria, ii. 210; ii. 212, 213; universal suffrage, ii. 283; coup d'etat in Paris, ii. 334-340; assumes Imperial title, projected marriage, ii. 356, 406, 408, 422; Queen Victoria's opinion of, ii. 360, 362, 366, 374, 378; title of Emperor, ii. 389; his position, ii. 390; anecdote of, ii. 397; and England, ii. 398, 401; Queen Victoria's letter to, ii. 406; annoyance with the Powers, ii. 422; his title, ii. 433; Eastern Question, ii. 432, 442; marriage, ii. 434, 435; interview with Prince Albert, iii. 1; and Russia, iii. 6; interview with Duke of Cambridge, iii. 24-26; visit from Prince Albert, iii. 41; visit to England with the Empress, iii. 63; Palmerston's letter to, iii. 105; proposes to take command at the Crimea, iii. 110, 111, 111; visit to England, iii. 117; festivities and investiture, iii. 117; letter to the Queen, iii. 118; and reply, 119; and Austria's proposed Crimean settlement, iii. 120; attempts on his life, iii. 121; Queen's opinion of, iii. 122, 122-126, 138; Queen's visit to France, iii. 135-137; attempt on his life, iii. 142; desire to terminate hostilities, iii. 150; correspondence with the Queen on the ultimatum, iii. 162, 164, 172, 185, 188; council of war at Paris, iii, 165, 169; interview with Lord Clarendon, iii. 175; birth of Prince Imperial, iii. 181; Treaty of Peace, iii. 221; on proposed marriage of Prince Frederick William of Prussia, iii. 220; Egypt and Morocco, iii. 221; his feelings towards England, iii. 232; visit to England, iii. 240; attempted assassination of, iii. 261, 264; and the Carbonari Club, iii. 273; and Italy, iii. 305; confederacy with Sardinia, iii. 308, 331; entry into Milan, and conclusion of peace, iii. 308; Napoleon et l'Italie, iii. 313; war with Austria, iii. 313-315, 321, 332, 333; proposed congress, iii. 326; rumoured treaty with Russia, iii. 329; French victories, iii. 353; conclusion and terms of peace, iii. 354, 359, 361; annexation of Savoy and Nice, iii. 379, 385, 391-393, 397; policy in Syria, iii. 380; The Pope and the Congress pamphlet, iii. 382; Italian policy, iii. 385; stormy interview with Lord Cowley, iii. 390-394; New Year's letter to the Queen, iii. 423; reply, iii. 427; Italian Question, iii. 432; on death of Cavour, iii. 441; King of Sweden, iii. 448; Mexico, iii. 453; interview with King of Prussia, iii. 467
---- Bonaparte, Prince Jerome, iii. 160, 331
---- Eugene Louis Jean Joseph, Prince Imperial, birth, iii. 181, 182
Narvaez, General, ii. 241
Nasmyth, Lieutenant, siege of Silistria, iii. 35
Nassau, Prince of, iii. 205
National Gallery, ii. 315; iii. 196
Navigation Laws, i. 278; ii. 184; repeal of, ii. 208, 219; iii. 2
Navy, African squadron, ii. 366; Admiralty appointments, ii. 373; national defences, ii. 396, 398; bombardment of Odessa, iii. 26; Bomarsund, iii. 36; battle of the Alma, iii. 44; Balaklava and Sebastopol, iii. 50; hurricane at Balaklava, iii. 56; second Baltic expedition, iii. 115; want of a dockyard in Scotland, iii. 151; retrenchments, iii. 188; position of, iii. 191; peace establishment, iii. 191; fleet sent to Black Sea, iii. 208; want of ships and state of, iii. 242, 279, 297; use for Indian Mutiny, iii. 250; proposed increase, iii. 312, 330; change in naval uniform, iii. 402
Neild, J. C., leaves fortune to Queen Victoria, ii. 392
Neill, General, death of, iii. 254, 259
Neipperg, Count, marriage i. 439
Nelson, Lord, proposed pension for children of his adopted daughter, iii. 40, 41
Nemours, Duchesse de, see Victoire, Princess
---- Duc de, i. 63, 65; at Constantin, i. 96; marriage, i. 149; i. 414, 439, 495, 498, 506; ii. 5, 148, 153, 154, 164, 167, 173, 185, 204, 354, 360; iii. 6; death of his wife, iii. 254
Nesselrode, Count, Russian Minister, ii. 452, 456; iii. 12
Netherlands, King of the, see Holland, King William Second of
Neuchatel, ii. 138; rising in canton of, iii. 214
Neuilly, Queen's visit to, iii. 136
Neumann, M. de, Austrian Minister, i. 46, 232, 497
Newcastle, Duke of, see Lincoln, Earl of
New Forest, ii. 282
Newhaven, King Louis Philippe's flight to, ii. 159
Newman, Mr, ii. 130
Newport, riot at, i. 141, 201
New Zealand, native troubles, ii. 31; constitution granted, ii. 357
Ney, Edgar, ii. 387
---- General, iii. 182
Nice, annexation to France, iii. 379, 385, 391-393, 397
Nicholas, see Russia, Emperor of
---- Prince, of Nassau, visit to the Queen, ii. 354
Nicholson, General, death of, iii. 254
Nicolas, Grand Duke, iii. 457
Nicols, Lieut.-Gen. Sir Jasper, Commander-in-Chief, India, i. 444
Nightingale, Miss Florence, iii. 2; arrival at Scutari, iii. 62; Queen's letter of thanks to, iii. 170; presentation to, iii. 170
Nine Elms Station, ii. 133
Ningpo, i. 441
Norbury, Lord, assassination of, i. 144
Norfolk, Duchess of (governess to Royal children), i. 397, 484, 485; Papal brief, ii. 273, 277
---- Duke of, Coronation, i. 122; refusal of Garter, iii. 227
Normanby, Marquess of, Canada, i. 129; Home Secretary, i. 141, 308; Lord-Lieut. of Ireland, i. 143, 281; i. 509; ii. 100, 104; Ambassador-Extraordinary at Paris, ii. 190, 192, 206; coup d'etat, Paris, ii, 334-341; Palmerston's conduct to, ii. 334, 336, 338, 341, 344, 354, 363
Normanby, Marchioness of, coup d'etat in Paris, ii. 336-341
Normandy, ii. 4
North, Colonel, iii. 76
---- Lord (afterwards Earl of Guilford), i. 358
Northumberland, Duke of, ii. 303, 305, 306, 392
---- Duchess of, first Lady-in-Waiting to the Queen, i. 64; ill-health, ii. 376
Norton, Mrs. ii. 48
Norway and Sweden, iii. 134. See also Sweden
Nott, General (afterwards Sir William), Afghanistan, i. 370, 402, 443, 444
Nottingham election, i. 264
Novara, battle of, ii. 219
Nuneham, Queen's Visit to, i. 291
Oaths Bill, iii. 262
O'Brien, Smith, Young Ireland agitation, ii. 141
Ocean Monarch, emigrant ship, burnt, ii. 193
O'Connell, Daniel, agitator, i. 106, 130, 425, 450; arrest, i. 496; release, ii. 1; ii. 8, 141
O'Connor, Feargus, people's charter, ii. 141; Kennington Common meeting, ii. 168, 169
Odessa, bombardment of, iii. 27
Olozaga, Mons., iii. 51
Oltenitza, ii. 432
Omar Pasha, Turkish Commander, iii. 31
Opera, Queen at the, ii. 14
Oporto, Louis, Duc de, brother to King Pedro V of Portugal, iii. 332, 457, 465
Orange, Prince of, see Holland
---- Prince William Nicholas of (son of King William), iii. 185
-----River Free State, ii. 142; iii. 201
Orders, right of British subjects to accept Foreign, ii. 5
Oregon, end of boundary dispute, ii. 82
Orleanists, and French Revolution, ii. 148-162; blunders of, ii. 164
Orleans, Duke of, i. 63, 94; death, i. 408, 409, 415, 416
---- Duchess of, ii. 334
---- Princess Louise of, see Belgians, Queen of
---- Princess Marie of, i. 65; marriage and death, i. 144
---- family, ii. 321, 360, 379; iii. 7, 139
Orloff, Princess, iii. 387
---- Count, Russian Ambassador, i. 86; iii. 204
Orsini, of the Carbonari Society, execution of, iii. 261, 264, 274
Osborne, Ralph Bernal, Secretary of the Admiralty, ii. 423; iii. 78, 275, 443, 444
---- Queen's purchase of, ii, 35, 36; Queen's occupation of, ii. 42
Oscar, Prince, of Sweden, iii. 195, 397; visit to the Queen, iii. 447, 448, 450
Otho, King of Greece, ii. 199
Oudh, placed under British control, iii. 159, 176; Mutiny, iii. 224, 238; Proclamation, iii. 262, 281, 282, 291
Oudinot, Gen., ii. 208, 387
Oultremont, Countess de, i. 210
Outram, General (afterwards Sir James), war with Persia, iii. 159; annexation of Oudh, iii. 177; Indian Mutiny, iii. 249, 255; Oudh, Proclamation, iii. 262, 291
Overstone, Lord, see Loyd
Oxford, Bishop of, see Wilberforce
---- tracts, i. 373
Owen, Sir Edward, i. 384
Pacifico, Don, Claim against Greek Government, ii. 231, 235, 239, 240, 243, 248, 252, 253, 256
Paget, General Sir Edward, G.C.B., i. 420
---- Lady Adelaide, i. 121
---- Lord, Lord Melbourne's page, i. 125
Pakenham, Sir R., Minister at Lisbon, ii. 286
Pakington, Sir John (afterwards Lord Hampton), First Lord of the Admiralty, iii. 272, 278, 280; French naval preparations, iii. 297, 328
Palermo, occupation of, by Garibaldi, iii. 380
Palmella, Duc de, ii. 72, 109
Palmer, Colonel, i. 402
---- Mr, ii. 273
---- Sir Roundell, Solicitor-General, iii. 467, 477
Palmerston, Viscount, his political power and views, i. 30; i. 54, 62; speech on Spanish affairs, i. 66; i. 72, 82; visits Queen Victoria, i. 92; power of officials in public offices, i. 106; i. 113, 119; illness, i. 143; Belgium and Holland, i. 145; marriage, i. 201; Eastern crisis, i. 227-240; views on France, i. 233, 246; China and opium trade, i. 260, 261; votes for dissolution, i. 281; Foreign Secretary, i. 308; Morning Chronicle, i. 374; and Lord Grey, ii. 59; possible Foreign Secretary, ii. 60; desire for peace, ii. 68; and Lord Aberdeen, ii. 85, 86; Spanish marriage question, ii. 90, 95, 97-103, 107; incurs Queen's displeasure, ii. 136, 171, 182, 193, 195, 221, 222, 223-236, 240, 241, 248, 256; attack on Portuguese Government, ii. 179, 180; anti-Austrian sympathy, ii. 182; France and Austria, ii. 186, 192, 193; Lord Normanby's appointment to Paris, ii. 189, 206; Italian policy, ii. 197; despatch about Greece, ii. 199; supplies arms to insurgents, ii. 211; proposed removal of, ii. 212, 235; methods for redress of wrongs, ii. 229; hostility against Greece, ii. 231; Haynau trouble, ii. 231; case of Don Pacifico and Mr Finlay, ii. 231, 233-240, 243, 244, 252, 253; draft to Greece, ii. 234, 235; Prince Consort's memoranda on his Foreign Policy, ii. 235, 243, 260, 261; and Spain, ii. 240; Lord J. Russell's offer to resign, ii. 243, 244; speech on Foreign Policy, ii. 252; Schleswig draft, ii. 258; removal of, considered, ii. 260-263; Press attacks on, ii. 263; duties of a Foreign Secretary, ii. 263; Haynau despatch, ii. 267-270; Austria and Prussia, ii. 274; reception of Kossuth, ii. 283, 325-331; Louis Napoleon, ii. 283; diplomatic changes, ii. 285, 312; coup d'etat, approval of, ii. 334-341; difference with Lord Normanby, ii. 334-340; dismissal from office, ii. 342-349; inconsistency of, ii. 344; absence from Council explained, ii. 350; explanation in the House, ii. 362-364; Militia Bill, ii. 367, 368, 385, 386; refusal to serve under Lord Derby, ii. 369, 370; and Lord John Russell, ii. 378, 379, 382; iii. 58; power to appoint Commander-in-Chief, ii. 394; his aims, ii. 403, 404; Home Office, ii. 420; illness, ii. 428, 430; Eastern Question, ii. 432; peculiar position of, ii. 451, 457; objection to Reform proposals, ii. 465, 466; iii. 20, 22, 23, 24; resignation, ii. 467; withdraws his resignation, ii. 472; speech at Reform Club, iii. 26; Austrian alliance, iii. 51, and the War Office, iii. 53; iii. 57; forms a Government, iii. 63; on Lord John Russell's resignation, iii. 72; Premier, iii. 76-78; position on Lord Derby's and Lord John Russell's failure to form a Government, iii. 84, 85, 87-96; forms a Government, iii. 97-104; letter to Napoleon, iii. 105; Roebuck Committee, iii. 109; Lord John Russell's resignation, iii. 131; Neapolitan affront, iii. 141; Queen's congratulations on Treaty of Peace, 1856, iii. 186; made K.G., iii. 187; condition of defence, iii. 192; obtains majority in House of Commons, iii. 223; resume of events, iii. 225, 226; dissolution on China War debate, iii. 229, 231; Indian Mutiny, iii. 234, 239, 241-248; financial crisis, iii. 255-257; Ministry defeated over right of asylum, iii. 261; resignation, iii. 266-268; iii. 272, 276; India Bill, iii. 279; iii. 288, 290; his unpopularity, iii. 300; new Reform Bill, iii. 307; reconciliation with Lord J. Russell, iii. 307; forms a Government, iii. 307, 344-348; foreign affairs, iii. 324; and John Bright, iii. 350; Committee on Military Departments, iii. 351; differences with the Queen on Italian policy, iii. 361-373; 374-378; Peers and Money Bills, iii. 379, 401; W. E. Gladstone's resignation, iii. 402, 403; privilege resolution, iii. 404; proposed visit of Emperor of Austria, iii. 409; appointments of bishops, iii. 416; overtures from Conservative leaders, iii. 420; resume of political situation, iii. 422, 423, 429; Italian Question, iii. 427, 428; Garibaldi letter, iii. 432, 434; presses for Mr Layard's appointment, iii. 443-447; Times newspaper, iii. 462-464
Panmure, Lord (Mr Fox Maule), afterwards Earl of Dalhousie, Under Secretary for Home Office, and Secretary for War, i. 221; ii. 345; iii. 61; War Minister, iii. 63, 90, 98, 104; Crimean medals, iii. 116; fall of Sebastopol, iii. 142, 143; G.C.B., iii. 146; Land Transport, iii. 157; no troops at the camp, iii. 196; Indian Mutiny, iii. 235, 236; increase of Army, iii. 256, 260; new Cabinet, iii. 272
Panshanger, Earl Cowper's residence, i. 151; Queen's visit to, i. 296
Papal aggression, ii. 272, 273, 277-282, 294, 299, 307
Paper Duties, Bill for Abolition of, thrown out, iii. 401; passed, iii. 420
Paris, Comte de, birth, i. 243; christening, i. 266, 267; Federal Army, iii. 453
---- question of an Ambassador, ii. 189; coup d'etat, ii. 334-340; Queen's visit to, iii. 135, 136; Treaty of, iii. 160, 167, 207, 208, 214
Parke, Baron (afterwards Lord Wensleydale), i. 419; iii. 158
Parker, Admiral Sir Wm., successes in China, i. 254, 370, 441; G.C.B., i. 444; Italy, ii. 128; commands Mediterranean fleet, ii. 229, 235
---- Society, i. 259
Parks, the Royal, ii. 259
Parliament, new Houses of, ii. 363
Parliamentary reform, ii. 458
Parma, Duke of, ii. 174
Parma, Duchess of, iii. 355
Pasha, the Capitan, treachery of, i. 179
---- of Egypt, see Mehemet Ali
----Omar, see Omar
Passport Question, iii. 277
Pate, Robert, assault on the Queen, ii. 231
Patriotic Fund, established, iii. 2
Paul, Captain, ii. 157, 158
Paxton, Mr, ii. 231
Pedro, Dom, Emperor of Brazil, i. 43
---- Prince (afterwards King of Portugal, King Pedro V.); proposed marriage of, iii. 51, 207, 211; marriage of, iii. 332; death, iii. 420, 465
Peel, Captain, of the Shannon, gallantry at relief of Lucknow, iii. 252
---- Lady (wife of Sir Robert Peel), ii. 280
---- Rev. John, Dean of Worcester, ii. 40, 41
---- General Jonathan, War Secretary, iii. 272, 321
---- Sir Robert, in opposition, i. 43, 56 Glasgow speech, i. 58, 60; Hume's attack on, i. 60; sent for by the Queen, i. 141; Corn Laws, i. 148, 218, 465, 466; ii. 49; Jamaica Government, i. 153; i. 155, 156; request to form a Ministry, i. 158; Queen Victoria's impression of, i. 159; difficulties as to appointment of Queen's Household, i. 159-173, 268-274; and the United States, i. 260; Lord Melbourne's opinion of, i. 161; Free Trade, i. 279; ii. 66; vote of censure, i. 286; i. 302, 305; Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury, i. 308; interview with the Queen, i. 309; Roman Catholics, i. 365; ii. 30; King Leopold's opinion of, i. 462; Queen's visit to, i. 509; Queen's appreciation of, ii. 16, 64, 85; Prince Albert's title, ii. 34; resignation and interview with Prince Albert, ii. 48, 51; his attitude, ii. 53, 54; returned to office, ii. 58-66; comprehensive scheme, ii. 66; speech on opening of Parliament, ii. 73; objection to Prince Albert's memo, of their conversation, ii. 76; explanation, ii. 73, 79; personal defence, ii. 79, 80; resignation, ii. 80, 82; account of his speech, ii. 82, 83; takes leave of the Queen, ii. 85, 87; and Prince Albert, ii. 93; ii. 115; supports the Ministry, ii. 123; accident and death, ii. 231, 253-255
---- Frederick (afterwards Right Hon. Sir Frederick), maiden speech, ii. 219
Peelites, ii. 359, 368, 375, 403, 404; position in Government of 1852, ii. 412, 413, 414; iii. 63; Lord John Russell's resignation, iii. 75; Government of 1855, iii. 82, 83, 85, 88, 89, 91, 94, 98, 101, 108; retirement of, iii. 109; Chinese debate, iii. 223, 231; conspiracy debate, iii. 266; return to power, iii. 307
Peers, right of audience, i. 335, 343; powers in Money Bills, iii. 379
Pelissier, General (afterwards Duc de Malakhoff), Commander of the French army, iii. 64, 126, 129; Queen's congratulations to, iii. 143; becomes Duc de Malakhoff, iii. 143; iii. 154, 276, 314, 333
Pennefather, Chief Justice of the Irish Queen's Bench, i. 352
Penny postage introduced, i. 141, 176
People's Charter riots, i. 141; ii. 141
Pepys, Henry, Bishop of Worcester, death, iii. 416
Percy, Lord Henry Hugh Manvers, K.C.B., V.C., gallantry at Inkerman, iii. 55
Perekop, Isthmus of, iii. 44
Perim, Island of, iii. 391
Perry, Sir Erskine, ex-Chief Justice of Bombay, Indian Mutiny debate, iii. 239
Persia, Turkey, and England, iii. 4; war with England, iii. 159; siege of Herat, iii. 199; hostilities terminated, and terms of peace, iii. 223
Persigny, M. de, French Ambassador in London, iii. 121, 165, 213, 215; interview with Earl of Clarendon, iii. 232; Orsini incident, iii. 273: resignation, iii. 276; iii. 333; war with Austria, iii. 353, 369, 375; visit to the Queen, iii. 384, 396
Peshawur, ii. 218
Peterborough, Bishop of, see Davys
Pfordten, M. von der, iii. 151
Philippe (second son of King Leopold I., afterwards Count of Flanders), i. 65, 146
Phillimore, Dr, Counsel to the Admiralty, iii. 467
Phillips, Mr T. (Mayor of Newport), knighted, i. 201
Philipotts, Henry, Bishop of Exeter, ii. 140; iii. 416
Philpott, Canon Henry, Bishop of Worcester, iii. 417
Phipps, Maria Henrietta Sophia, marriage of, iii. 169
---- Hon. Sir Charles, ii. 184, 378; iii. 89, 286, 430
Pianori, Giacomo, iii. 122
Piccolomini, Max, i. 395
Piedmont, war with Austria, ii. 178, 190, 191, 386, 387; invasion of, iii. 308
Piedmontese, ii. 178, 191
Pierri, execution of, iii. 261
Piraeus, fleet sent to, ii. 231
Pitt, William, i. 391
Pius IX., Pope, ii. 115; flight to Gaeta, ii. 204, 208; letter to the Queen, ii. 204; reply, ii. 210; Papal brief, titles for English bishops, ii. 232, 272; papal aggression, ii. 273-282; and England, iii. 310; invasion of the Papal States, iii. 380; iii. 415
Playfair, Dr, Irish Commissioner, potato disease, ii. 48
Plombieres, compact of, iii. 308, 385
Poerio, iii. 312
Poles and Russia, ii. 15, 17
Polk, President (U.S.A.), ii. 30
Pollock, General (afterwards Sir George), successes in Afghanistan, i. 370, 402, 442; G.C.B., i. 444
Pollon, Count, Sardinian Minister, i. 148
Ponsonby, Lord (Ambassador at Constantinople), i. 232, 234; ii. 114
Poor Law Act, i. 20, 102, 108, 382; State maintenance of the poor, ii. 67; commission, ii. 130
Pope, see Pius IX. and Gregory XVI. The Pope and the Congress, famous pamphlet, iii. 382
Porte, the, i. 179; and Austria, i. 191; convention of 1828, i. 229, 232; and Mehemet Ali, i. 237; Eastern Question, ii. 431, 441-444, 449, 452-465, 469; iii. 1, 12, 13, 20; Turkish success, iii. 36; Alma, iii. 43, 50; Inkerman, iii. 53; Four Points Negotiation, iii. 63, 65; protection of Christian subjects, iii. 152
Portland, third Duke of, i. 357
---- fifth Duke of, iii. 227
Portugal, revolution, i. 43, 54, 92; and England, i. 57, 149, 356; ii. 111, 118, 134; and Spain, i. 59, 62; ii. 119; new Ministry, i. 92; slave trade, i. 115; insurrection, ii. 72, 90; civil war and constitutional troubles, ii. 109, 116, 117, 119, 120, 129; Lord Palmerston's attack on, ii. 179; case of Don Pacifico, ii. 231, 234, 235, 239, 240, 243
---- King of (Prince Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg), i. 45; Queen's opinion of, i. 46; Commander-in-Chief, i. 47, 55; Queen's letter to, on slave trade, i. 115; and Lord Howard de Walden, i. 133
---- Maria da Gloria, Queen of, i. 4, 43, 44, 94; letter on Queen's engagement, i. 200; dismissal of Ministry, ii. 109, 134; iii. 10
---- Stephanie, Queen of, iii. 332, 466
---- Prince of, the Pope sponsor to, i. 392
Post Office, inauguration of penny post, i. 141, 176; Sunday delivery, ii. 244
Pottinger, Sir Henry, successes in China, i. 254, 265; G.C.B., i. 444; i. 446, 447, 449
Powys, Captain, i. 426
Pozzo di Borgo, Count, Russian Ambassador, i. 67
Praet, Van, i. 134, 136
Praetorius, Dr, i. 361
Praslin, Duchesse de, murdered by her husband, ii. 115, 128
Prescott (Canada), i. 136
---- Mr, Deputy Governor of the Bank, ii. 130
Presentations, fatigue of receiving, i. 470, 471
Preston, riot, i. 424
Pretorius, Boer leader, ii. 200
Prime Minister, Lord Melbourne on origin of term, i. 358
Primogeniture, i. 56 Prince, loss of the steamer, at Balaklava, iii. 56
Principalities, the Danubian, Russia's invasion of, iii. 1, 12, 13, 17, 32; relinquishment of Russia's protectorate, iii. 152, 158, 180, 233, 262
Prior, Matthew, i. 504
Privilege Question, i. 209
Property, qualification, i. 56
Protection, i. 278; ii. 66, 293, 294; Lord Derby, ii. 384; abandoned by Disraeli, ii. 404
Protectionists, ii. 66, 71, 81, 83, 86, 123, 216, 231; check to, ii. 233, 248, 283, 289, 298, 315, 384, 468; iii. 88
Protestant, Prince Consort's declaration, i. 203-205; Low Church bigotry, ii. 37; Church in Ireland, ii. 83
Proxy, voting, i. 56
Prussia (see Prussia, King of), and Holland, i. 119; ii. 275, 278; Eastern Question, ii. 452; alliance with Austria, iii. 1; position in impending war, iii. 17, 115; and England, iii. 161; admission to war conference, iii. 171, 181
---- King of (Frederick William IV.), i. 365; visit to Queen Victoria, i. 376, 378-380; on Swiss quarrels, ii. 137; on French Revolution, ii. 150; declines Imperial Crown of Germany, ii. 219; Diet of Erfurt, ii. 229; peace with Denmark, ii. 254; and Austria, ii. 276, 280; Queen Victoria's letter to, on his position, iii. 17; reply, iii. 28; Russia's influence over, iii. 31; letter from the Queen, iii. 107; iii. 454; account of his death, iii. 420, 423-426
Prussia, Queen of, iii. 425, 426
Prussia, Prince of (afterwards King William I.), visit to Queen Victoria, ii. 172, 251, 253; a refugee, ii. 176; Queen's appreciation of, ii. 256; coronation, iii. 455, 456-459; interview with Napoleon, iii. 467
---- Prince Frederick William of (afterwards Emperor Frederick), question of marriage, iii. 142, 146, 147, 182, 195, 205, 220; marriage to the Princess Royal, iii. 253, 261, 455; birth of a son (present Emperor), iii. 314; death of the King of Prussia, iii. 423-426; coronation of the King and Queen of Prussia, iii. 456-459
---- Marie Louise Augusta, Princess of (grandmother of present German Emperor), ii. 106, 318, 319; Queen writes to, on death of Czar, iii. 112
Pulteney, Mr (afterwards Earl of Bath), i. 391
Punjab (see India), ii. 142, 196; annexation of, ii. 208, 220; iii. 178
Puseyites, ii. 16, 273, 277, 282, 376
Quadruple Alliance, i. 488; ii. 353
Rachel, Madame, i. 290
Racine, Jean Baptiste (1639-1699), tragedian and poet, i. 40
Radetzky, Marshal, Austrian General, ii. 141, 178, 182; defeats Piedmontese at Custozza, ii. 191, 219
Radicals, i. 56, 66, 90; ii. 123, 216, 313, 364, 403; defeat Government on House Tax, ii. 411-413; inclusion in Lord Aberdeen's Government, ii. 412-430; iii. 300
Radnor, third Earl of, i. 335
Radowitz, General, Prussian Minister for Foreign Affairs, ii. 378, 379
Raglan, Lady, iii. 129
---- Lord, see Somerset, Lord Fitzroy
Railways; accident near Reading, i. 369; Queen's first journey on G.W.R., i. 404
Rajpoot Hill States, ii. 74
Ramnuggur, English reverse at, ii. 142
Ramsgate, Queen's visit to, i. 11, 19
Rangoon, ii. 380
Raphael, painter, i. 334
Rawul Pindee, ii. 217
Rechberg, Count, Austrian Foreign Minister, iii. 409
Redan batteries, attack on, iii. 64, 126, 129, 163, 165
Redschid Pasha, Turkish Minister, ii. 460; iii. 27
Reeve, Henry, ii. 263
Reform Bill, i. 20, 61; ii. 294, 332, 361, 369, 466; withdrawn, iii. 2, 8, 15, 16, 20, 23, 59; introduced by Disraeli, iii. 307, 324
Reform, parliamentary and municipal, i. 20
Refugee Question, ii. 440
Regency Bill, i. 209
Reinhardtsbrun, i. 186; ii. 45
Rellstab, Louis, novelist, i. 501, 506
Review in Windsor Park, ii. 13; Crimean troops at Aldershot, iii. 198, 199, 200; field day, 1860, iii. 400; at Edinburgh, iii. 407
Revue des Deux Mondes, ii. 132
Revue Retrospective, ii. 183
Rianzares, Duke of, marriage, ii. 2, 97
Rice, Mr, M.P. for Dover, iii. 78
Rich, Mr, iii. 79; Baronet, iii. 477
Richmond, Duchess of, i. 124
---- Duke of, i. 122, 308
Rio Janeiro, ii. 133
Riots, Manchester, i. 422; tollbar, i. 450, 483, 492, 493; Chartist demonstration, ii. 167, 168; Birmingham, i. 179; Stockport, ii. 391
Ripon, first Earl of (Mr Robinson), Chancellor of the Exchequer, speech on Queen's education, i. 9, 10, 299; President of Board of Trade, i. 309; political history, i. 309; ii. 65
River Plate, ii. 133
Robinson, Mr, see Ripon Earl of,
Rocky Mountains, Canada, dispute as to territory, ii. 30
Roden, third Earl of, iii. 19
Roebuck, Mr, ii. 247, 363; motion on conduct of Crimean War, iii. 63, 72, 76-78; result, iii. 78, 79; Committee, iii. 89, 107, 108, 109, 112; Chinese dispute, iii. 228; Ireland, iii. 277; Reform Bill, iii. 324
Rokeby, Lord, iii. 60
Rolle, Lord, Queen's Coronation, i. 122
Rollin, Charles, Histoire Ancienne, i. 39
---- Ledru, French President, ii. 174, 239
Romagna, The, assembly of, and Victor Emmanuel, iii. 308; iii. 380
Roman Catholics, Maynooth College grant, ii. 30, 36; Bill, ii. 81, 84; papal aggression, ii. 232, 277-282, 303, 376
Romano, Giulio, painter, i. 334
Rome, Prince Albert's visit to, i. 152; Pope's flight from, ii. 205; and England, ii. 279; Lord Russell's draft on the Roman Question, iii. 441
Romilly, Sir John, Master of the Rolls, iii. 216
Rosebery, fourth Earl of, i. 62
Rosenau, the, ii. 45
Rosslyn, Lady, i. 310
Rothesay, Lord Stuart de, Ambassador at St Petersburg, i. 326
Rothschild, Baron, iii. 262
Rowan, Colonel, Commissioner of Police, ii. 167
Roxburgh, Duke of, i. 278
Royal Charter, wreck of, iii. 308
Royal Exchange opened by the Queen, ii. 1, 27
---- Princess, see Victoria
Royston, Lord, i. 384
Runjeet Singh, i. 233; ii. 217; Koh-i-noor diamond, ii. 242
Russell, Lord John (afterwards Earl), Irish Municipal Bill, i. 66; Leader of the House, i. 77; result of the elections, i. 90; i. 106; death of his wife, i. 130, 131, 133; Home Secretary, i. 141; civil government of the Army, i. 147; Corn Laws, i. 148, 381; politics, i. 267, 277, 278, 281; Sugar Duties, i. 274; Colonial Secretary, i. 308; political career of, i. 309; reply to Plymouth address, i. 365; opposition to Income Tax Bill, i. 406; conversion to repeal of Corn Laws, ii. 30, 49; views on Queen's absence from England, ii. 43; unable to form a Government, ii. 58-60, 70; resignation of Sir R. Peel, ii. 80, 81; undertakes to form a Government, ii. 83, 86; pensions, ii. 88; Queen's views on a dissolution, ii. 91; Spanish marriage difficulties, ii. 96-103, 107; Portuguese and Spanish affairs, ii. 117, 118, 119, 132; possible dissolution, ii. 121; crisis in the City, ii. 130; birth of second son, ii. 170; difficulty as to despatches, ii. 179, 220, 221, 222; Germany, ii. 229; case of Don Pacifico and Mr Finlay, ii. 233-236, 242; report, ii. 243; Prince Albert's memos. on Lord Palmerston's Foreign Policy, ii. 235, 243, 260, 261; offer to resign, ii. 243; on Lord Palmerston's removal, ii. 262; Haynau despatch, ii. 267-270; on Ritualism, "No Popery," ii. 273; and Sir James Graham, ii. 286; defeat of Government, ii. 288, 289, resignation of, ii. 290; failures to form a new Government, ii. 289-308; memo. as to uniting with Peelites, ii. 296; old Government to continue, ii. 312; memo. on state of Government, ii. 313; Palmerston's reception of Kossuth, ii. 324-331; Parliamentary Reform, ii. 332, 333; Lord Palmerston's approval of coup d'etat, Paris, ii. 334-340; dismissal of Lord Palmerston, ii. 342; and Lord Palmerston's successor, ii. 343-347; discomfiture of Lord Palmerston in the House, ii. 362-364; resignation, ii. 367; Lord Grey's opinion of, ii. 374, 375; and Lord Palmerston, ii. 379; ii. 381; on dissolution, ii. 382; Militia Bill blunder, ii. 387; education, ii. 390; ii. 403; refusal of Foreign Office, ii. 413-418; accepts Foreign Office, ii. 422-427; resigns Foreign Secretaryship, ii. 431; Leadership without office, ii. 438; pledged to introduction of Reform Bill, ii. 451 possible retirement, ii. 457, 458; war measures, ii. 467; President of the Council, iii. 1, 34; withdraws Reform Bill, iii. 2, 8, 15, 16, 23; incomprehensible actions, iii. 21, 22; Disraeli's attack on, iii. 38; Austrian alliance, iii. 48, 50; urges more vigorous measures, iii. 53; proposed resignation, iii. 57-60; and Mr Kennedy's loss of office, iii. 61; Ministry defeated, resignation, iii. 64, 72, 74, 79; visit to Paris, iii. 69; failure to form a Government, iii. 87-96; Government of 1855, iii. 98; Vienna Conference, iii. 64, 105; Colonial Office, iii. 109, 110; Austria's proposed terms of Crimean settlement, iii. 120; attacks on, and resignation, iii. 121, 131, 132, 133; iii. 190; Chinese dispute, iii. 223, 228; and the House of Lords, iii. 227; retains his seat, iii. 231; financial crisis, iii. 256; Conspiracy Bill, iii. 266; Reform Bill, iii. 276; India Bill, iii. 279; competitive examinations, iii. 297; new Reform Bill, iii. 307, 324; reconciliation with Palmerston, iii. 307; Foreign Secretary, iii 345-349; France and Austria, iii. 352; differences with the Queen on Italian policy, iii. 361-373, 374-378, 382-390, 395-398; Reform Bill, iii. 379; revolution doctrines, iii. 383; despatch to French Government, iii. 390; Abolition of Paper Duties Bill, iii. 401-404; proposed visit of Emperor of Austria, iii. 409; disagreement with Palmerston, iii. 420, 423; goes to the House of Lords, iii. 420, 423; despatch to America, iii. 421; iii. 428; and Gen. Garibaldi, iii. 431, 432, 433, 434; Danish Question, iii. 439; draft to Rome, iii. 441; the Garter, iii. 441; peerage, iii. 444
---- Lord William, i. 202; murder of, i. 220
---- Odo (afterwards Lord Ampthill), Secretary of Legation at Florence, iii. 306; interviews with the Pope; iii. 310, 356
Russell's Modern Europe, i. 38
Russia, Hereditary Grand Duke of (afterwards Alexander II), i. 154, 172
---- Nicholas, Emperor of, i. 234; visit to England, ii. 12; Queen's opinion of, ii. 12, 14, 15, 17; effect on foreign countries, ii. 19; on the French Revolution, ii. 165; dispute with France, ii. 357; letters to and from the Queen on the Eastern Question, ii. 459-465; and Turkey, iii. 4, 5; and Napoleon, iii. 6; interview with Sir H. Seymour, iii. 26; death, iii. 63, 111
---- Empress-Dowager of, widow of Emperor Nicholas, iii. 306
---- Alexander, Emperor of, see Alexander
---- Empress Marie Alexandrovna (wife of Alexander), iii. 205
---- and England, i. 86; protector of the Porte, i. 229; and Central Asia, i. 328; France and England, ii. 20; Poland, ii. 114; dispute with France, ii. 356; war with Turkey, ii. 431; Eastern Question, ii. 437-444, 449-465, 469-471; iii. 1, 4, 5, 17, 18; Ambassador leaves London, iii. 10; England declares war with, iii. 20; Napoleon's views on the crisis, iii. 24, 25; Prussia, iii. 29; repulse by Turkey, iii. 36; defeat on the Alma, iii. 43, 50; opinion of, in India, iii. 45, 46; Balaklava, iii. 50; Inkerman, iii. 53, 54-56; death of Czar Nicholas, iii. 63; fall of Sebastopol, iii. 64; "Four Points" negotiation, iii. 65, 120; Kertsch and the gravel pits (Redan) taken, iii. 126; defeat on the River Tchernaya, iii. 135; Austrian ultimatum, iii. 152; peace and terms of settlement, iii. 158, 182-185; procrastination in carrying out terms, iii. 159, 179, 208 214; Lord Granville's opinion of, iii. 204; reported treaty with France, iii. 328, 331; Danish Question, iii. 439
Sailors' Homes, iii. 191
St Albans, Disfranchisement, ii. 381
St Arnaud, Marshal, commands French Army in Crimea, death, iii. 1, 28, 30
St Cloud, Queen's visit to, iii. 136
St Edward's Chair, i. 121
---- Chapel, i. 121, 122
St Germans, Earl of, Postmaster-General, ii. 65
St Juan, Island of, United States claim to, iii. 373
St Leonards, Queen's visit to, i. 39, 40
St Leonards, Lord (Lord Chancellor), refusal to join Government of 1858, iii. 271
Saint-Simon, Duc de, Memoires, i. 435
Sak, proposed occupation of, iii. 185
Saldanha, Marshal, ii. 90
Sale, Lady, her journal, i. 383
---- Sir Robert, success in Afghanistan, i. 370, 383, 402; pension, i. 444; death, ii. 76
Salisbury, Bishop of (Dr Fisher), Queen's reminiscences of, i. 10
---- Marquess of, President of the Council, iii. 272
Sand, George, Comtesse de Rudolstadt, novel by, ii. 27
Sandon, Viscount, Sugar Duties, i. 275
Sandwich, Countess of, i. 177
Sans Souci, death of King of Prussia at, iii. 424
Sardinia, Princess Clothilde of, marriage of, iii. 308, 331
---- Kings of, see Charles Albert and Victor Emmanuel
Sardinia, ii. 141, 175; war with Austria, ii. 178, 182, 186, 190, 193; Western Alliance against Russia, iii. 63; success against Russia, iii. 135, 154, 161; Treaty of Peace, iii. 213; alliance with England and France against Russia, iii. 307; war with Austria, and cession of Lombardy to, iii. 308; refusal to disarm, iii. 327; sympathy with, iii. 328; Government of Tuscany, iii. 329; Napoleon's promise of help, iii. 331; Duchies of Parma, Modena and Romagna, transferred to, iii. 380; disavowal of Garibaldi, iii. 380
Savoy, annexation to France, iii. 379, 385, 395
Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, House of, history of, i. 1, 2, 3
Saxe-Coburg, Ernest, Duke of, (Prince Consort's father), i. 4, 22, 48; death, ii. 6
---- Ernest, Prince of (Prince Consort's brother), i. 49, 62; illness, i. 69
---- Prince Augustus of, parentage and marriage, i. 4, 431, 458, 459
Saxe-Saalfeld-Coburg, Duchess of, i. 13, 18
---- Francis, Duke of, i. 8, 22; iii. 437
Saxe-Weimar, Prince Edward of, letter to the Queen, iii. 54
---- Prince William and Princess Louise of, i. 31
Saxony, Crown Prince of, iii. 458
---- Frederick Augustus II., King of, ii. 12, 16
Schleinitz, M., ii. 250
Schleswig, ii. 141, 182, 192, 195; union with Holstein, ii. 222, 249, 254, 258; iii. 281
School for Scandal, i. 218
Schulenberg, Countess, iii. 457
Schwartzenberg, Prince, Prime Minister of Austria, ii. 378, 380
Scone Palace, Queen's visit to, i. 429, 430
Scotch Fusiliers, wounded from the Crimea, iii. 110
Scotland, Church crisis, i. 447, 448, 450; Admission of Ministers Bill, i. 488, 489; the Queen's visit to Balmoral, ii. 321-323, 392, 394-396; to Edinburgh, iii. 406
Scott, General, iii. 469
---- Gilbert, architect, iii. 444
Scutari, iii. 2; hospital at, iii. 61, 62, 78
Search, right of, on the high seas, ii. 6; iii. 466, 468, 469
Seaton, Lord, see Colborne
Sebastopol, iii. 1, 43, 44; bombardment, iii. 50; fall, iii. 64, 142
Secretary of State, see State, Secretary of
---- at War, see War, Secretary at
Sepoys, mutiny of, iii. 224, 237, 238
Septennial Act, i. 56; ii. 121
Serpent's Island, Russia's claim to, iii. 159, 208
Settembrini, iii. 312
Sevigne, Mme. de, i. 40; iii. 172
Seville, Duke of (Don Enrique), ii. 45
Seymour, Lord (afterwards Duke of Somerset), Roebuck Committee Reports, iii. 112. See Somerset, Duke of
---- Admiral, occupies Chinese fort, iii. 223
---- Mr Digby, M.P., iii. 402, 404
---- Sir Hamilton, Minister at Brussels, i. 139, 320; Envoy-Extraordinary at Lisbon, ii. 119, 134, 179, 180, 181; Petersburg, ii. 286; Eastern Question, ii. 431; recall from St Petersburg, iii. 10; interview with the Czar, iii. 26; "neutralisation," iii. 151
Shaftesbury, Earl of, see Ashley, Lord
Sheil, Mr, Minister at the Court of Tuscany, ii. 279; death, ii. 319
Shere Singh, surrender of, ii. 217
Short, Dr Thomas Vowler (afterwards Bishop of Sodor and Man), i. 64; Sketch of History of Church of England, i. 452
Sibthorp, Colonel, iii. 76
Sicily, rising in, ii. 141, 208. See Garibaldi
Sikhs (see India), aggressive, ii. 30; defeat of, ii. 71, 77; boundaries, ii. 74; murder of two Englishmen, ii. 142; hostility of, ii. 196, 197; successful operations against, ii. 208, 217
Silesia, insurrection in, ii. 72
Silistria, Turkish success at, iii. 1, 36
Simpson, General, retirement from the command in the Crimea, iii. 64; death of Lord Raglan, iii. 128; Commander-in-Chief, iii. 130; position, iii. 134; Queen's congratulations on fall of Sebastopol, iii. 142, 143
Sinclair, Sir George, M.P., i. 448
Singapore, convict population of, iii. 278
Singh, Maharajah Dhuleep, see Dhuleep
Sinope Harbour, affair of, ii. 432, 471; iii. 115
Slavery, abolition of, i. 20, 277, 377, 382
Slidell, Mr, Southern Confederacy Envoy, iii. 466, 468, 469
Smith, Mr Robert Vernon (afterwards Lord Lyveden), Under-Secretary for War and the Colonies, i. 275, 468; iii. 76; Board of Control, iii. 109, 127, 128; annexation of Oudh, iii. 176, 219; on Indian Mutiny, iii. 239; iii. 272; Oudh Proclamation, iii. 281
---- Sir Harry, ii. 71; Governor of Cape of Good Hope, Boer War, ii. 142; wounded, ii. 200; Kaffir War, ii. 283; Orange River Free State, iii. 201
---- Sir Lionel, Governor of Jamaica, i. 141
Smithfield, Cattle Show, Queen's visit to, iii. 419
Smyth, William, Professor of Modern History, i. 435
Smythe, George, member of "Young England" party, ii. 17
Sobraon, defeat of the Sikhs at, ii. 74, 77
Socialism, possibilities in Russia, iii. 205
Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, Prince Consort presides at meeting, ii. 319
Solferino, battle of, iii. 308, 353
Solyman Pasha, i. 246
Somerset, 11th Duke of, death, iii. 145
---- 12th Duke of, First Lord of the Admiralty, iii. 349; Garter, iii. 441; iii. 466. See Seymour, Lord
---- Lord Fitzroy, afterwards Lord Raglan ii. 393, 396; Commander of Forces for the East, iii. 26; victory at the Alma, iii. 50; Field-Marshal, iii. 52, 53; Inkerman, iii. 52, 54-56; death of, iii. 64, 128; welfare of the Army, iii. 68, 69, 81
Somnauth, Gates of Temple of, i. 444-445, 468, 477
Sonderbund, the, ii. 138
Sooja, Shah, Ameer of Afghanistan, 1. 142, 209, 328, 444, 445; Koh-i-noor diamond, ii. 242
Sophia, Princess, daughter of George III., i. 31; death, ii. 147
Soult, Marshal, Duke of Dalmatia, i. 111; ii. 268
South Africa, Natal insurrection, i. 427; Sir H. Smith's proclamation in 1848, ii. 142; Dutch War, ii. 200
Southern, Mr, Secretary of Legation at Lisbon, ii. 111, 118, 119, 120
Spain, disputed succession, i. 44, 50, 57; and Portugal, i. 59, 61; ii. 119, 133; Lord Palmerston on, i. 66; battle at Bilbao, i. 67; constitution, i. 82, 83; condition of, i. 96, 102; the Fueros, i. 188; Mission, i. 330; guardianship of young Queen, i. 346; and France, i. 347, 350, 351, 374; proposed marriage of the young Queen, i. 432, 485, 486, 487; ii. 31, 32, 44, 72, 90, 96-109; Don Carlos' abdication of claim to throne, ii. 31; changes in Ministry, ii. 116; and England, ii. 120; and Sir H. Bulwer, ii. 175; and Lord Palmerston, ii. 240; Queen of Spain's desire for the Garter, ii. 323
---- Infanta of, i. 488; ii. 32, 45, 72, 97, 99, 103, 107; iii. 51
---- Queen of, see Christina
Spaeth, Baroness, i. 14, 18, 123
Spithead, accident, ii. 199
Spooner, Mr, Conspiracy Bill debate, iii. 265
Spring Rice, Mr, Chancellor of Exchequer, i. 147
Stafford, Augustus, Secretary of the Admiralty, iii. 78
Stamp Duties Bill, iii. 116; stamp on cheques, iii. 262
Standard, newspaper, iii. 8
Stanhope, Philip Henry, fourth Earl, i. 108
---- Lady Wilhelmina, i. 121, 123, 125
Stanley, Lord (afterwards fourteenth Earl of Derby), thrice Prime Minister, i. 62, 137; Colonial Secretary, i. 163, 306, 309; Corn Laws, ii. 49; resignation, ii. 54, 64; Protection dinner, ii. 87, 122; vote of censure, ii. 244, 247, 248, 287, 288; failure to form a Government, ii. 290, 291, 293, 299, 300, 311, 315; Prime Minister, ii. 368-397; and the Church, ii. 376; adherence to treaties, ii. 377; the Queen's views on Militia Bill, ii. 380; Disfranchisement Bill, ii. 380; question of dissolution, ii. 383; progress of democracy, ii. 384, 385; Protection, ii. 386; Militia Bill, ii. 386, 388, 389; Italy, ii. 386, 387; military appointments, ii. 392; national defences, ii. 396, 398-400; confusion of Parties, ii. 403-405; Budget, ii. 406; Princess Hohenlohe's marriage, ii. 408-411; resignation, ii. 412-414; attack on Lord Aberdeen, ii. 417, 418, 419, 425; takes leave of the Queen, ii. 425; Roebuck Motion, iii. 78; failure to form a Government, iii. 63, 80-87, 90; on title of Prince Consort, iii. 197, 197; China War debate, attack on Lord Palmerston, iii. 230; Conspiracy Bill, iii. 261, 264, 265; forms a Government, iii. 268-272; Oudh Proclamation and resignation of Lord Ellenborough, iii. 282-285; possible dissolution, iii. 285, 286-289; vote of censure withdrawn, iii. 290-293; competitive examinations, iii. 296, 297; new Reform Bill, iii. 307; Queen's letter to French Emperor, iii. 314; Indian Army Question, iii. 317-320; Queen's letter to Emperor of Austria, iii. 322; proposed congress to settle Italian Question, iii. 327-333; Queen's Speech, iii. 336-340; resignation on defeat of Government, iii. 307, 324, 343
---- Lord (afterwards fifteenth Earl of Derby), Colonial Secretary, iii. 148, 272, 292; his position with regard to the Queen, iii. 301-303; Indian Army Question, iii. 317, 318, 319; Peers and Money Bills, iii. 379
Stanley of Alderley, Lord, Secretary to Treasury, i. 129, 395; iii. 150
State, Secretary of, duties of, i. 100; iii. 34
Stephanie, Grand Duchess, ii. 233
Stephen, James, Under-Secretary for Colonies, retirement, ii. 131; Privy Council, ii. 132
Stockmar, Baron, private physician and secretary to King Leopold, unofficial adviser to the Queen, i. 25; accompanies Prince Albert on tour, i. 25, 152; his character, i. 25, 26, 68; i. 69, 72, 73, 76, 79, 81, 83, 211, 332; memos. on Lord Melbourne's correspondence with the Queen, i. 340, 353, 360, 361; illness, i. 392; i. 474, 476; Spanish marriage, ii. 103, 192; on a Minister's duty, ii. 238; ii. 279, 315, 362; Legion of Honour, ii. 402; iii. 49, 171; illness of, iii. 185
Stockport, riot at, ii. 391
Stopford, Admiral Sir Robert, i. 252, 258
Stowell, Lord, law of nations, iii. 466
Strafford, Earl of, ii. 126, 128, 393; Field-Marshal, iii. 146
Straits Settlements, iii. 277
Strangford, Viscount, i. 326, 482
Strangways, Brigadier-General, died at Inkerman, iii. 53
Stratford de Redcliffe, Viscount (formerly Sir Stratford Canning), ii. 138, 369; Eastern Question, ii. 431, 449, 452, 456, 457, 460-465, 469, 470; illness of, iii. 27; victory of the Alma, iii. 44; and the Pope, iii. 358
Strawberry Hill, sale of, i. 389
Strelitz, ii. 188
Strickland, Miss Agnes, i. 322
Stroekens, Major, i. 67
Strutt, Mr, Chancellor of the Duchy, iii. 34
Stuart, Miss, marriage, i. 388
---- Wortley J. (afterwards second Baron Wharncliffe), President of the Council, i. 299, 309
Sudbury, disfranchisement of, ii. 381
Suffrage, Queen's view of, ii. 333; extension of, ii. 324, 333, 366
Sugar Duty, i. 265; Colonial preference, ii. 17, 91
Sully, Maximilien, Duc de, Memoirs of, i. 38, 47
Sunday bands, iii. 135
Surrey, Earl of (afterwards thirteenth Duke of Norfolk), i. 123; Treasurer of the Household, i. 275
Sussex, Duke of, politics, i. 5, 6, 10, 11, 71, 76; Ireland, i. 129, 138; precedence, i. 207; Regency Bill, i. 209, 378, 390; will of, i. 478, 479
Sutherland, second Duke of, death, iii. 443
---- Duchess of, i. 101, 120; Queen Victoria's valued friend, ii. 371; letter to Queen on her husband's death, iii. 442
Sweaborg, bombardment of, iii. 64
Sweden, and Morocco, ii. 4; Schleswig Question, ii. 195; and Norway, iii. 134
---- and Norway, Charles XV., King of, visit to the Queen, iii. 447; his views on foreign affairs, iii. 448-450
Switzerland, internecine strife, ii. 115, 137-139; and France, ii. 380; rising in, iii. 214; protest against annexation of Savoy, iii. 380; claim to parts of Savoy, iii. 395
Syria, i. 179, 209, 240; successes in, i. 246, 252; war, ii. 69; Napoleon's policy, iii. 380
Tahiti, dispute with France, ii. 1, 21, 25
Tait, Dr A. C., Bishop of London, iii. 205
Talbot, Lady Mary, i. 121, 125
---- Monsignore, iii. 356
Tallenay, M. de, ii. 173, 186
Talleyrand, Prince, death of, i. 116
Tamburini, Sr, opera singer, i. 220
Tangiers, bombardment of, ii. 20
Tankerville, Earl of, i. 198
Tawell, Salt Hill murderer, ii. 269
Taylor, Sir Herbert, i. 68
Taymouth, Lord Breadalbane's house, Queen's visit to, i. 428
Tchernaya, River, success of the Allies at, iii. 64, 135
Teba, Count de (afterwards Count de Montijo), ii. 435
Temple, The Hon. Sir William, K.C.B., Minister Plenipotentiary, Naples, iii. 140
Templetown, Viscount, i. 62
Tennent, Sir James Emerson, i. 469
Tennyson, Alfred, poet, ii. 45; Poet Laureate, ii. 272
Terceira, Duc de, i. 55; ii. 397
Terni, cataract at, Prince Albert's visit to, i. 152
Thames, pollution of the, iii. 294
Theresa, Archduchess, i. 52
Therese, Princess, i. 453
Thiers, Louis A., French Premier, i. 149, 227; ii. 364, 389
Thirlwall, Bishop of St David's, iii. 416
Thouvenel, M. de, French Foreign Minister, iii. 382; and Lord John Russell's despatch, iii. 389; iii. 395
Threepenny pieces, circulation of, ii. 37
Ticino, Austrian troops on the, iii. 328, 333
Timber duty, i. 265
Times, newspaper, i. 425; ii. 20, 27, 30, 48, 86, 135, 172, 190, 220, 241, 244, 263, 282, 348, 411; iii. 1, 8, 16; Crimea, iii. 36; Queen's visit to France, iii. 138; enquiry on Crimean officers, iii. 174; iii. 192, 254; attacks on Prussia, iii. 455; report of a private interview, iii. 347; abuse of Germany, iii. 462, 463
Tindal, Chief Justice, i. 469
Tippoo Sahib, iii. 39
Tite, Mr (afterwards Sir William), architect, iii. 443
Tithes, i. 43
Tollbar riots, i. 450, 483, 492
Tomantoul, Queen's visit to, iii. 407
Tory party and the Royal family, i. 5, 6; consolidation of, i. 20; Queen's opinion of, i. 27, 60, 61, 203, 207, 212, 213; failure of, i. 66; organisation of, i. 90; unsuccessful attempt to form a Ministry, i. 154-170; vote of censure on Government and success at the polls, i. 253, 264; Nottingham election, i. 264; amendment to address, 1841, i. 301; Cabinet, i. 308, 309; Finance, Income-Tax, Import Duties, i. 370; Corn Law Debate, i. 465, 466; Irish Arms Bill, i. 482; dissensions (Young England party), ii. 1, 16; resignation, ii. 30, 51; return to office, ii. 30, 62; repeal of Corn Laws, ii. 71; defeat on Irish Coercion Bill. ii. 71; resignation, ii. 80, 115; on intervention in Portugal, ii. 123, ii. 216; peril of the Ministry, ii. 285; defeat of the Government, ii. 288; inability to form a Government, ii. 288-313; Parliamentary Reform, ii. 332, 333; resignation of Whig Government, ii. 368; Lord Derby becomes Prime Minister, ii. 369-377; first debate, ii. 380-383; question of dissolution, ii. 383; Free Trade debate, ii. 399; Budget, ii. 406; defeat on House Tax and resignation, ii. 411-413; China War debate, iii. 231
Tractarian movement, ii. 273, 280
Transport Land Corps, iii. 157
Transvaal, independence of, ii. 142; iii. 200
Trapani, Count, Spanish marriage, ii. 31, 32, 44, 89, 99
Treaty of 1856, settlement of Eastern Question, iii. 63, 65, 158, 182; Nanking, i. 442
Trelawney, Sir John, and Church rates, iii. 323
Trench, Richard Chenevix, Dean of Westminster, iii. 206
Trent, steamship, seizure of Envoys, iii. 466, 468
Treport, Queen's visit to, ii. 44; ii. 157
Trianon, iii. 136
Troubridge, Sir Thomas, C.B., great gallantry at Inkerman, iii. 127
Trouville, ii. 156
Truelove, trial of, iii. 273
Tuckett, Captain Harvey, i. 263
Tulloch, Colonel, iii. 175
Tunbridge Wells, Queen's visits to, i. 11, 19, 36, 38
Turgot, M., ii. 335, 339, 344
Turkey, Convention about Egypt, i. 227-243, 258; war with Russia, ii. 432; Eastern Question, ii. 437, 441-444, 449, 452, 464-465, 469-471; and Persia, iii. 4; Russian occupation of the Principalities, iii. 12, 13, 17; protocol signed for integrity of, iii. 19; success of, iii. 35; Inkerman, iii. 54-56; peace and terms of settlement, iii. 158, 161-188, 208
Turton, Dr Thomas, Dean of Ely, ii. 35
Tuscans, deputation to King Victor Emmanuel, iii. 308
Tuscany, Duke of, Pope's opinion of, iii. 357
---- Government of, iii. 308, 329
Umbria, conquered, iii. 380
Unemployed, the, ii. 67, 168
United States, dispute with Canada, i. 254, 260, 356, 368; treaty, i. 461, 462; boundary dispute with England, ii. 30; Oregon boundary, ii. 82; Foreign Enlistment Act, iii. 159, 219; financial crisis, iii. 256; military occupation of St Juan, iii. 373; Prince of Wales's visit to, iii. 380; Abolitionist troubles, iii. 381; conflict between Federal Government and Southern States, iii. 421; right to search neutral ships, iii. 466, 468, 469; draft despatch for release of Mason and Slidell, iii. 469
Unkiar Skelessi, Treaty of, i. 142
Uruguay, ii. 133
Utrecht, Treaty of, ii. 107
Uxbridge, Earl of, i. 110, 400, 467
---- Countess of, i. 400; death, ii. 8
Valliant, Marshal, Minister of War, iii. 43; G.C.B., iii. 146; opinion of Morocco, iii. 221; goes to Italy in 1859, iii. 333
Vane, Lord Harry, Conspiracy Bill debate, iii. 265
Varna, Allied Forces sailing from, iii. 1, 36
Venice, Republic proclaimed, ii. 141; ii. 198; Venetia in 1859, iii. 308
Verney, Sir Harry, ii. 390
Versailles, Queen's visit to, iii. 136
Vico, Colonel, death of, iii. 135
Victoire, Princess, of Saxe-Coburg, i. 149; marriage to Duc de Nemours, i. 213; flight from France, ii. 155, 167, 176, 177; visits Queen Victoria, ii. 184, 185
Victor Emmanuel, King of Sardinia, ii. 208, 218; visit to England, iii. 64, 156; joins the Western Alliance, iii. 66; rumoured conversation with Louis Napoleon, iii. 168; proposed marriage, iii. 207; war with Austria, entry into Milan, and conclusion of peace, iii. 308; and the Pope, iii. 311; cession of Savoy and Nice, iii. 385; war with Austria, iii. 386; as King of Italy, iii. 420
Victoria, Queen, ancestry of, i. 1-7; political position of, i. 17; memoir of her early years, i. 18-21; relations and friends, i. 22-26; close correspondence and relationship with King Leopold, i. 23; formation of her character, i. 22-26; interesting points in her correspondence, i. 27-29 1819 Born 24th May at Kensington Palace, i. 8 1819-1826 Reminiscences of early childhood, written by herself, i. 10-14 1824 Miss Lehzen becomes her governess, i. 25 1826 Visits George IV. at Windsor, i. 11-13; serious illness, i. 13, 14 1827 Visits George IV. at Windsor, i. 13 1828 First letter to Prince Leopold, i. 32 1830 Duchess of Kent's memo, on education, i. 14-16; June, George IV. died and William IV. succeeded, i. 19; Duchess of Northumberland appointed official governess, i. 25 1832 King Leopold on the necessity of forming her character, i. 35 1834 Visits Hever Castle, i. 37; reading and studies, i. 37-40 1835 Confirmation, i. 41 1836 Painful scene between the Duchess of Kent and William IV., i. 19; possible suitors, i. 47, 48; admiration for Prince Albert, i. 48, 49, 50; visits Lord Liverpool at Buxted Park, i. 50; Church matters, i. 52; 72; change of name discussed, i. 55 1837 Music with Prince Albert, i. 59; her establishment, i. 64, 68; William IV. offers her an independent income, i. 68; 24th May--attains her majority, i. 69; accession imminent, i. 71; reliance on Lord Melbourne, i. 72; 20th June--death of William IV.: Queen Victoria's accession, i. 75; reminiscences of events on the King's death, i. 75; address of condolence and congratulation, i. 77; her nationality, i. 78; her Ministers, i. 79; 13th July--goes to Buckingham Palace, i. 84; 17th July--prorogues Parliament, i. 86; singing lessons, i. 89; the elections, i. 89; King Leopold's visit to Windsor Castle, i. 91; visit to Brighton, i. 92; goes to the House of Lords and gives her assent to the Civil List Bill, i. 97 1838 Prince Albert's education, i. 111; distress at death of Louisa Louis, i. 111, 112; deaths of old servants, i. 112; arrangements for the Coronation, i. 113, 114; draft letter to the King of Portugal on Slave Trade, i. 115; brilliant ball, i. 115; 28th June--Coronation Day, Queen's reminiscences of, i. 120-125; 9th July--Coronation Review in Hyde Park, i. 126; at Windsor Castle, i. 130 at Brighton, i. 140; 1839 Death of Princess Marie of Orleans, i. 144; opens Parliament, i. 146; disagreement with King Leopold, i. 151-154; Prince Albert's tour in Italy, i. 152; resignation of Lord Melbourne, i. 154; audience with Duke of Wellington and Sir R. Peel, i. 157-159; refusal to allow Sir R. Peel to appoint Ladies of her Household, i. 161-169; Lord Melbourne's return to office, i. 170; ball at Buckingham Palace, i. 172; views on Cabinet crisis, i. 174; feelings for Prince Albert, i. 177, 178; at the Opera, i. 178; arrival of Princes Albert and Ernest at Windsor Castle, i, 188; announcement of her engagement to Prince Albert, i. 188, 189; her happiness, i. 191; her letters to the Royal Family, i. 193, 194; letters to Prince Albert, i. 195, 196, 199, 200, 203, 206, 208, 211-213, 217; reads Declaration before the Privy Council, i. 196; suggested peerage for Prince Albert, i. 196-199; Prince Albert's Household, i. 200-207 1840 Queen opens Parliament and announces intended marriage, i. 212; Prince Albert's grant, i. 214; marriage of the Queen to Prince Albert, i. 209, 217; disturbance at the Opera, i. 220; Prince Albert and politics, i. 224; attempted assassination by Oxford, i. 225; views on foreign affairs, i. 248, 249; birth of Princess Royal, i. 251 1841 Christening of Princess Royal, i. 255; speech from the Throne, i. 256, 257; operations in China, i. 261, 262; the Budget, i. 265; Household appointment difficulties, i. 268-273; impartiality, i. 285; visit to Ascot and Nuneham, i. 291; visit to Woburn Abbey, i. 295, 296; carriage accident, i. 298; resignation of Whig Ministry, i. 301; Prince Albert as adviser, i. 304, 305; interview with Sir R. Peel and sorrow at parting with Lord Melbourne, i. 309; seals of office exchanged, i. 315; question of future correspondence with Lord Melbourne, i. 330, 331, 340, 353, 360, 361; indisposition, i. 364; birth of first son, now King Edward VII., i. 364; he is created Prince of Wales, i. 366; domestic happiness, i. 366 1842 Christening of the Prince of Wales, i. 376, 381; visit to Brighton, i. 383; excursion to Portsmouth, i. 384; decision to pay Income Tax, i. 387; selection of a governess, i. 390, 394; ball at Buckingham Palace, i. 392, 393; attempt by Francis on the Queen's life, i. 398; Ascot and review of cavalry, i. 401; first railway journey, i. 404; list of presents sent by the Imam of Muscat, i. 406; attempt by Bean on the Queen's life, i. 407; death of the Duke of Orleans, i. 408, 409, 413, 416; strike riots, i, 422-428; prorogues Parliament, i. 425; visit to Scotland, i. 428, 429; return to Windsor, i. 430; steam yacht, i. 432; domestic happiness, i. 436; visit to Walmer Castle, i. 436, 438, 443; King of Hanover's claim to Crown jewels, i. 439, 487; and France, i. 445, 446 1843 Gaieties at Windsor, i. 451; visit and recollections of Claremont, i. 451; education of Prince of Wales, i. 463; domestic happiness, i. 464; new chapel at Buckingham Palace, i. 466; views on the verdict, not guilty but insane, in Macnaghten trial, i. 469; Prince Consort to hold levees for the Queen, i. 470, 471, 472, 473; the toast of the Prince, i. 475; birth and christening of Princess Alice, i. 480, 481; Turnpike riots in South Wales, i. 483, 492; resignation of the Duchess of Norfolk as Bedchamber Woman and successor, i. 484, 485, 486; suppression of duelling, i. 485; the Crown jewels, i. 487; visit to the King and Queen of France at Chateau d'Eu, i. 490; visit to Belgium, i. 492; visit to Cambridge, Wimpole, and Bourne, i. 496, 497, 500, 503; visit to Sir R. Peel at Drayton Manor, i. 504, 509; visit of Prince Consort to Birmingham, i. 507, 509, 510; visit to Belvoir Castle and Chatsworth, i. 509, 510 1844 Opens the new Royal Exchange, ii. 1, 27; visit to Claremont, ii. 4, 5; carriage accident, ii. 5; death of the Duke of Saxe-Coburg Gotha, ii. 6; brochure of Prince de Joinville, ii. 11; visit of the Emperor Nicholas of Russia, ii. 1, 12-16, 17, 20; domestic happiness, ii. 6, 7; uncle and niece, ii. 10; review in Windsor Great Park, and Ascot races, ii. 13; visit of King Louis Philippe, ii. 21, 27 1845 Spanish marriage question, ii. 32, 44; state of Buckingham Palace, ii. 33; question as to Prince Albert's title, ii. 34; sponsor to Sir R. Peel's grandson, ii. 35; Queen's purchase of Osborne, ii. 35, 42; Low Church bigotry, ii. 37; King Leopold's birthday letter, ii. 39; visit of the King of Holland, ii. 42; on the Queen's absences from England, ii. 43; visit to Holland and Coburg, and to Treport to King Louis Philippe, ii. 44; Sir R. Peel's resignation and return to office, ii. 48-67; letter from King Louis Philippe, ii. 57; reply, ii. 69-70 1846 Opening of Parliament in person, ii. 73; defeat of the Sikhs, ii. 74-76; Coercion Bill, Ireland, ii. 79; resignation of Sir R. Peel, ii. 80-85; Lord John Russell forms a Government, ii. 85-87; parting with Ministers, ii. 87; Spanish marriage question, ii. 89, 90, 96-107; views as to dissolution, ii. 91; the Government of Canada, ii. 94; Duke of Wellington's statue, ii. 95; indignation at the engagement of the Queen of Spain, ii. 99-109; visit to Jersey, ii. 100; visit to Osborne, ii. 105; Peninsular War medals, ii. 109, 112, 113 1847 Views as to governing Portugal, ii. 117-120; Church patronage, ii. 121; difference with Lord Palmerston, ii. 122, 136; at the Opera to hear Jenny Lind, ii. 123; Duke of Wellington's statue, ii. 124; visit to Ardverikie, ii. 128; and Mr. Cobden, ii. 131; foreign policy, ii. 132-134; on the Swiss dispute, ii. 138; the Bishops and Dr Hampden, ii. 139; advance of money to Lord Melbourne, ii. 140 1848 Madame Adelaide's death, ii. 143-146; abdication and flight of King Louis Philippe to Claremont, ii. 149-164; Princess Louise born 18th March, ii. 166; Chartist demonstration, ii. 167-169; displeased with Lord Palmerston, ii. 171, 190, 191, 193, 195, 234, 240, 241, 256; position of the French Royal Family, ii. 176, 177; views on Foreign Policy, ii. 180; eulogy on Prince Albert, ii. 192; describes Balmoral, ii. 194; views of the Austrian and Italian Questions, ii. 197; stays at Osborne, ii. 197, 204; letter from Pope Pius IX., ii. 204; relations with France, ii. 206 1849 Receives the Koh-i-noor diamond, ii. 208; correspondence with Pope Pius IX., ii. 209, 210; letter from Napoleon, ii. 210; memo. on French Republic, ii. 213, 214; Hamilton's attempt on her life, ii. 220; method of dealing with despatches, ii. 221, 222; on Schleswig-Holstein Question, ii. 223, 250, 251, 257, 258; visits Ireland (Cork, Dublin, Waterford, Kingston, Belfast), ii. 223-249; Coal Exchange opened, ii. 228; thanksgiving after cholera epidemic, ii. 228; death of Queen Adelaide, ii. 230 1850 Pate's attack, ii. 231, 253; the draft to Greece, ii. 234, 238, 240; Prince Albert's speech, ii. 240; Koh-i-noor Diamond, ii. 242; birth and christening of Prince Arthur, ii. 251; stays at Osborne, ii. 256; death of first Duke of Cambridge, ii. 256; duties of the Foreign Secretary, ii. 264; death of King Louis Philippe, ii. 265; visits Scotland, ii. 265; death of the Queen of the Belgians, ii. 266, 271, 272; Lord Palmerston and the Haynau despatch, ii. 269, 270; on Germany, ii. 274, 278; on religious strife, ii. 277, 278; Papal aggression, ii. 279-282 1851 Principle of diplomatic appointments, ii. 285, 286; memo. on Sir J. Graham joining the Cabinet, ii. 286, 287; resignation of Government, ii. 289, 304; difficulties in forming a Government, ii. 288-315; success of the Exhibition in Hyde Park, ii. 317, 318, 320; Guildhall ball, ii. 320; visit to Balmoral, Allt-na-Giuthasach and Lochnagar, ii. 321-323; Lord Palmerston and Louis Kossuth, ii. 325-331; death of King of Hanover, ii. 331; views on Franchise and Suffrage proposals, ii. 332; Louis Napoleon's coup d'etat, ii. 334; dismissal of Lord Palmerston, ii. 342-348; review of Foreign Affairs, ii. 351 1852 Crown of Denmark, ii. 358; women and politics, ii. 362; New Houses of Parliament, ii. 363; pressure of business, ii. 366; change of Government, ii. 368-377; Household appointments, ii. 373, 376; on Foreign Affairs, ii. 377, 380; visits Osborne, ii. 378, 390, 417; on Italy, ii. 386, 387; Louis Napoleon's position, ii. 390; visits Osborne, ii. 391; inherits Mr Neild's fortune, ii. 392; visits Balmoral, ii. 392; views on national defence, ii. 396, 398-400; death of the Duke of Wellington, ii. 392-396, 401, 402; her admiration of his character, ii. 394; Louis Napoleon becomes Emperor, ii. 397, 407, 408; letter to him, ii. 407; secret Protocol, ii. 408; views on Princess of Hohenlohe's marriage, ii. 408-411, 422, 429; Lord Aberdeen's new Government, ii. 412-430; Lord Derby's tribute to, ii. 427 1853 French Emperor's marriage, ii. 433-435; Eastern Question, ii. 431, 441-444, 449, 452-465; views on Lord John Russell's position, ii. 438; birth of Prince Leopold (afterwards Duke of Albany), ii. 444; congratulations from the Emperor of Russia, ii. 444; views on India Bill, ii. 447; correspondence with Emperor of Russia on Eastern Question, ii. 459-465; Lord Stratford's despatch, ii. 469 1854 Opens Crystal Palace, iii. 2; Press attacks on Prince Albert, iii. 1, 3, 7, 8; on reception of Orleans family, iii. 6, 7; Reform Bill, iii. 8, 15; on competitive examinations, iii. 10, 11; desires augmentation of Army, iii. 12; Baltic Fleet sails, iii. 16; correspondence with King of Prussia on Eastern Question, iii. 16-19, 28-30, 31-33; declaration of war with Russia, iii. 19; on the defenceless state of England, iii. 36; on the state of India, iii. 38, 53; views on Army promotions, iii. 39; disapproves of special prayers for illness, iii. 40; French Emperor's letter after Prince Albert's visit, iii. 41, 42; battle of the Alma, iii. 44, 49; treatment of Indian Princes, iii. 47; views on Austrian Alliance, iii. 48, 50; Balaklava, iii. 50, 51; Inkerman, iii. 52, 54-56; Crimean medal, iii. 56; condition of hospital at Scutari, iii. 61 1855 Visits the French Emperor, iii. 64; King of Sardinia visits England, iii. 64; opinion on the "Four Points" negotiations, iii. 65; confidence in Lord Aberdeen, iii. 66-68; on the duties of Ambassadors and Foreign Secretaries, iii. 68, 69; on Lord John Russell's resignation, iii. 72-75; memo. on the crisis, iii. 74, 75; on Government's resignation, iii. 79; inability of Lord Derby and Lord John Russell to form a Government, iii. 80-96; Lord Palmerston forms a Government, iii. 96-104; letter to King of Prussia, iii. 107; visit to the wounded from Crimea, iii. 110; letter to Princess of Prussia on sudden death of the Czar, iii. 112; hospitals for sick and wounded soldiers, iii. 113; Crimean medals, iii. 116; visit of the Emperor and Empress of the French, iii. 117; review in Windsor Park, iii. 117; investiture of the French Emperor, iii. 117; letter from the Emperor, and reply, iii. 118, 119; Queen's opinion of French Emperor, iii. 122-126; distribution of medals, iii. 127; power of appointing Governor-General of India, iii. 127, 128; death of Lord Raglan, iii. 129; letter to Lady Raglan, iii. 129; message to the Army, iii. 130; Lord John Russell resigns, iii. 131, 132; Gen. Simpson's difficulties in the Crimea, iii. 134; Sunday bands, iii. 135; account of her visit to France, iii. 135-140; letter to French Emperor, iii. 137; first occupation of Balmoral, iii. 141; Sebastopol taken, iii. 142; Queen's message, iii. 142, 143; Princess Royal's proposed marriage with Crown Prince of Prussia, iii. 146, 147; Queen's desire for a dockyard on the Forth, iii. 151; discusses proposals of peace, iii. 152-154 1856 Victoria Cross, iii. 160; correspondence with French Emperor on the ultimatum, iii. 162-164, 172, 185; views on the council of war at Paris, iii. 168, 169; views of King of Sardinia, iii. 198; England's policy, iii. 169; letter to Florence Nightingale, iii. 170; distribution of honours, iii. 171; Commission on the conduct of Crimean officers, iii. 174; question of marriage of Princess Royal, iii. 182, 188, 220; Queen's views on Treaty of Peace, iii. 182-188; peace fete at Crystal Palace, iii. 190; enquiries before appointments offered, iii. 190; memorandum on her husband's status, iii. 192-194, 196; Sunday bands, iii. 194; title of Prince Consort conferred, iii. 197; review of Crimean troops, iii. 198, 199, 200; proposed marriage of Princess Mary, iii. 206, 209; letter to Empress of the French as to Treaty of Paris, and reply, iii. 207, 213; Balmoral, iii. 209; defence of England, iii. 212; death of Prince Charles of Leiningen, iii. 216, 217; letter to Louis Napoleon, iii. 221 1857 Indian Mutiny, iii. 223, 234, 236; China War debate, iii. 223, 231; French Emperor's feelings towards England, iii. 233; Princess Beatrice born, iii. 234; marriage of Princess Charlotte of Belgium, iii. 234, 241; Victoria Cross decoration, iii. 235; visit of the Emperor and Empress of the French, iii. 240, 242; views on defenceless state of England, iii. 241-242; urges reinforcements for India, iii. 242-246; on necessity of increasing the Army, iii. 245, 257, 260; anxiety for India, iii. 246; marriage of Princess Royal, iii. 253; death of Duchesse de Nemours, iii. 254; financial crisis, iii. 255; opens Parliament in person, iii. 256 1858 Prince Frederick William of Prussia (afterwards Emperor Frederick), married to the Princess Royal, iii. 261; death of Duchess of Orleans, iii. 261; parting with the Princess Royal, iii. 263, 264; defeat of the Government on Conspiracy Bill, iii. 265; formation of new Government, iii. 267-272; Prince of Wales's confirmation, iii. 278; enquiries into the state of the Navy, iii. 279, 297; Crown prerogatives, iii. 294, 295, 296; visit to the Emperor of the French, iii. 296; Proclamation to people of India, iii. 298, 304; duties of Secretary of State, iii. 299; Princess Royal's reception by the Prussians, iii. 454-456 1859 Dissolution on new Reform Bill, iii. 307; necessity for a strong Army and Navy, iii. 309; Queen's speech, iii. 313, 314; birth of first grandchild (present German Emperor), iii. 314, 324; letter to French Emperor advising peace, iii. 315; Indian Army Question, iii. 316-320; opens Parliament, iii. 317; letter to Emperor of Austria, and reply, iii. 322, 323, 324, 325; proposed congress to settle the Italian Question, iii. 325-334; Queen's speech, iii. 335-340; defeat of the Government, iii. 342; Lord Palmerston forms a new Government, iii. 344-349; Committee on Military Departments, iii. 351; views on the war between France and Austria, iii. 353, 354; conclusion of peace arranged between the two Emperors, iii. 354, 359, 360; the Pope's opinion of England's policy, iii. 356-359; differences with Lord Palmerston and Lord J. Russell on England's Italian Policy, iii. 361-373, 374-377; objection to publication of divorce cases in daily papers, iii. 378; congratulates French Emperor on peace, iii. 378 1860 Volunteer Review in Hyde Park, iii. 379; Prince of Wales visited Canada and United States, iii. 380, 405; difficulties with Lord John Russell over the Italian Policy, iii. 383; Gladstone's Budget statement, iii. 388; Earl Cowley's stormy interview with French Emperor, iii. 390-394; Prince of Wales visits Coburg and Gotha, iii. 396; letters of thanks to Indian Civil servants, iii. 398; visit to Aldershot, iii. 400; Abolition of Paper Duties Bill thrown out by the House of Lords, iii. 400-403; engagement of Princess Alice to Prince Louis of Hesse, iii. 405, 415, 418, 419; visits Holyrood, iii. 406; Balmoral, iii. 407; proposed meeting with the Emperor of Austria, iii. 408, 409; appeal from the King of Naples, iii. 409; reply, iii. 412; appointment of bishops, iii. 416, 417 1861 Death of Duchess of Kent, iii. 420; third visit to Ireland, iii. 420, 452; New Year's letter from French Emperor, and reply, iii. 423, 427; detailed account of death of the King of Prussia, iii. 424-426; happiness of the Princess Royal, iii. 430; wedding day anniversary, iii. 433; Garibaldi letter, iii. 434; death of the Duchess of Kent, iii. 420, 435-439, 447, 448; Mr Layard as Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs, iii. 444-447; King of Sweden's visit to Osborne, iii. 447; his views on the Foreign Affairs, iii. 448-450; the Queen's views, iii. 450; visits Frogmore, iii. 451; visits Ireland, iii. 452; coronation of the King and Queen of Prussia, iii. 456-458; Queen of Prussia on Foreign Policy, iii. 460; appreciation of her Highland servant, iii. 461; Times newspaper's attacks on Prussia, iii. 462-464; America's right to search neutral ships, iii. 466, 468; Prince Consort's illness, iii. 468, 470; slight improvement, iii. 470; the crisis, iii. 472, 473; pathetic letter to King Leopold on death of Prince Consort, iii. 473, 476; death of Lady Canning, iii. 475; sympathetic letter to Viscount Canning, iii. 477
Victoria, Princess Royal, birth, i. 251; i. 319, 322, 358, 364, 436, 451, 493; ii. 3, 5; at opening of new Coal Exchange, ii. 228; ii. 276, 317; riding accident, ii. 322; her character, iii. 156; question of marriage, iii. 146, 147, 182, 188, 195, 218, 221; confirmation of, iii. 185; birthday, iii. 216; iii. 240; marriage, iii. 253, 261; parting from the Queen, iii. 263, 264; reception by the Prussians, iii. 454-456; birth of the present German Emperor, iii. 313, 314; iii. 332; visit to the Queen, iii. 335; birth of Princess Charlotte, iii. 406; detailed account of death of King of Prussia, iii. 424-426; domestic happiness of, iii. 430; death of Duchess of Kent, iii. 435, 438
Victoria and Albert, Queen's yacht, ii. 42
---- Cross, iii. 160, 235
---- (Australia), governorship of, iii. 190
Vienna, Congress of, i. 3; Treaty of, ii. 72, 114, 455, 469; Crimean Conference, its failure, iii. 63, 64; Conference of the Powers, iii. 104
Villafranca, peace concluded at, iii. 308, 355, 359, 361
Villiers, George William Frederick, afterwards fourth Earl of Clarendon. See Clarendon
---- Hon. Henry Montagu, Bishop of Carlisle, iii. 417
---- Mr Charles, "Father of the House," i. 148; Free Trade motion, ii. 381, 399, 404; proposed for office, ii. 422
Viscount, meaning of term, i. 124
Vivian, Sir Hussey, Master-General of the Ordnance, i. 279
Volunteer Review, iii. 406
Vor-Parlament, ii. 192
Waddington, Dr, Dean of Durham, i. 453
Walcheren Expedition, iii. 76
Wales, Albert Edward, Prince of, afterwards King Edward VII., birth, i. 364; Order of Black Eagle conferred, i. 372; christening, i. 376, 380; education, i. 463, 475; Grand Cross of St Andrew, ii. 17; present from the King of the French, ii. 27; Duke of Cornwall, ii. 100; Irish title, ii. 224; opening of new Coal Exchange, ii. 228; Foreign Orders, ii. 390; confirmation, iii. 278; visit to Napoleon at Cherbourg, iii. 296; visit to Rome, iii. 306, 311, 321; tour in Canada and United States, iii. 380, 411, 413, 414; visit to Coburg and Gotha, iii. 396; visit to Ireland, iii. 420, 452; goes to Cambridge, iii. 433; death of Prince Consort, iii. 476
---- tollbar disturbances, i. 450, 483, 492
Walewski, Madame, iii. 333
---- Count, ii. _133; coup d'etat_, Paris, ii. 334, 339, 344, 347, 407; proposed marriage of Louis Napoleon, ii. 410, 422, 429; Eastern Question, ii. 442; Prince Albert's visit to Louis Napoleon, iii. 42; want of transports, iii. 51; curious letter, iii. 85, 154; Treaty of Peace, iii. 160, 213, 215; right of asylum despatch, iii. 261, 266, 276; and war with Austria, iii. 333, 333; resignation, iii. 383
Walker, Colonel, iii. 410
Wallachia, iii. 262
Walmer Castle, i. 436; Queen's visit to, i. 438, 443
Walpole, Spencer, ii. 374; Militia Bill, ii. 386, 388; on education, ii. 390, 391, 428; iii. 76; Home Secretary, iii. 272, 278; withdraws from Ministry, iii. 307
---- Sir Robert, i. 358
War, Secretary at, duties of, i. 100; power to appoint Commander-in-Chief, ii. 393
Warburton, Mr, Corn Law debate, i. 218
Ward, Mrs Horatia, daughter of Lord Nelson, iii. 41; pension for her children, iii. 40, 41
---- Rev., Dean of Lincoln, ii. 46
Warre, Lieut.-Gen., Sir Wm., i. 423
Wasa, Princess Caroline Stephanie of, ii. 408
Washington, Prince of Wales's reception at, iii. 405
Waterford, Queen's visit to, ii. 225
---- Marquess of, i. 388
Watson, Dr (afterwards Sir Thomas), Prince Consort's last illness, iii. 473
---- Admiral, iii. 250
Weikersheim, iii. 396
Weimar, Grand Duke of, i. 180; iii. 456, 458
Wellesley, Lord Charles, ii. 23
---- Sir Arthur (afterwards Duke of Wellington), and Convention of Cintra, iii. 175
Wellington, Duke of, Foreign Secretary, i. 30; Reform Bill, i. 61, 89; on Canadian difficulty, i. 100; i. 106, 155; interview with the Queen, i. 157; convention of 1828, i. 229; i. 253; illness, i. 259; i. 300; in the Cabinet, i. 309; Roman Catholic Question, i. 365; christening of the Prince of Wales, i. 376; Commander-in-Chief, i. 420; on duelling, i. 450, 485; i. 509; Corn Laws, ii. 49, 63; ii. 55, 63, 65; on dissolution, ii. 81; statue, ii. 95, 123, 124; Peninsular War medals, ii. 109, 113; on intervention in Portugal, ii. 123; on defence of England, ii. 141; Queen's tribute to, ii. 219; Brevet promotions, ii. 227; Sir Charles Napier's resignation, ii. 259; views on formation of new Government, ii. 295; appeal to, ii. 308, 309; death, ii. 357, 392; Queen's appreciation of, ii. 394; funeral arrangements, ii. 396; India's homage to, ii. 401; funeral, ii. 402
---- College, foundation stone, iii. 195
Welsh language, in schools, ii. 215
Wemyss, Earl of, see Elcho
Wessenberg, Baron, ii. 197
Westbury, Lord, see Bethell, Sir Richard
Westminster Abbey, the enthronisation, i. 121, 122
Westminster, Marquess of, K.G., iii. 227
Westmorland, eleventh Earl of, Minister at Berlin, ii. 241, 250, 274; question of decorations, iii. 202
Weyer, Sylvain van de, Belgian Foreign Minister, i. 58, 61, 182, 205; visit to the Queen, i. 255; ii. 299, 362, 372; iii. 101, 109, 386
Whalley, Mr, M.P., iii. 402
Wharncliffe, first Baron, Lord President of the Council, i. 299, 309
Whateley, Richard, Archbishop of Dublin, i. 62
Wheeler, General Sir Hugh, mutiny at Cawnpore, iii. 238
Whewell, Professor, i. 348
Whig Party, and the Royal Family, i. 5; power of, i. 20; weakness of, i. 43, 209; Ministry of, i. 56, 66, 102, 106; resignation of, i. 154; resume office, i. 171; Queen's opinion of, i. 213; verge of dissolution, i. 230; defeat, i. 253; in jeopardy, i. 268; vote of censure, i. 289; dissolution, i. 301; Cabinet, i. 308; Corn Law debate, i. 465; unable to take office, ii. 30, 58-63; and Protectionists, ii. 71; take office, ii, 71; Irish Coercion Bill, ii. 79, 81, 82; and Cobden, ii. 84; jealousies, ii. 86; Factory Act, ii. 115; intervention in Portugal, ii. 123; Poor Law Commission, ii. 130; repeal of Navigation Laws, ii. 208, 219; case of Don Pacifico and Mr. Finlay, ii. 231, 233-239, 243, 244, 247; suggested rearrangement of offices, ii. 236; Foreign Policy defended, ii. 252; in difficulties, ii. 283; Government defeat and resignation, ii. 288, 291; return to office, ii. 314; attempted fusion with Peelites, ii. 359; Militia Bill, ii. 368; resignation, ii. 368, 385; confusion of parties, ii. 403; defeat Government on House Tax, ii. 411, 412, 413, 423, 425; Lord Aberdeen forms a new Government, ii. 412-430; withdrawal of Reform Bill, iii. 16, 23; resignation of Lord John Russell, iii. 58, 61, 63, 73-76; Lord Palmerston becomes Premier, iii. 76; Roebuck Motion, iii. 76, 78; and Lord John Russell, iii. 86; Government of 1855, iii. 97, 102; Cabinet, iii. 103, 108, 109; Lord John Russell accepts the Colonial Office, iii. 109; dissolution on Chinese debate, iii. 229; return to power, iii. 307
Whiteside, Mr, iii. 239
Whiting, page to Queen Victoria, i. 12
Wilberforce, Archdeacon (afterwards Bishop of Oxford), i. 333; ii. 35, 82, 135; Divorce Bill, iii. 231, 232
Wilkie, Sir David, i. 313
William I., King of Prussia, see Prussia
---- King of the Netherlands, see Holland
---- IV. of England (formerly Duke of Clarence), politics, i. 5; marriage, i. 8, 14, 24; succession to the Throne, i. 19; estrangement with Duchess of Kent, i. 19, 27, 68; death and review of his reign, i. 19, 20, 56; illness, i. 71, 72, 73; death, i. 74; his children, i. 258
Williams, General Fenwick, gallant defence of Kars, iii. 64
---- Mr, i. 374
Willis's Rooms, iii. 341
Willoughby, Lord, receptions at Court, iii. 385
Wilson, James, Financial Secretary to Treasury, afterwards Privy Councillor, ii. 190
Wimpole, i. 504
Winchester, Marquess of, ii. 393
Windsor, Queen's opinion of, i. 85; beauty of, i. 372
Wiseman, Cardinal, made Archbishop of Westminster, ii. 232, 273, 278
Woburn Abbey, Queen's visit to, i. 295
Wodehouse, Lady, iii. 205
---- Lord (afterwards Earl of Kimberley), iii. 377
Women and Politics, Queen Victoria's view of, ii. 362
Wood, Sir Charles (afterwards Viscount Halifax), Chancellor of the Exchequer, ii. 84, 86, 109, 130, 132, 139, 312, 324, 359; Seals of Office given up, ii. 375; Board of Control, ii. 421; and Disraeli, ii, 428; India Bill, ii. 447; and Lord John Russell, iii. 59; Government of, 1855, iii. 93, 97, 98; India Board, iii. 104; first Lord of Admiralty, 1855, iii. 109, 149, 253; position of Naval Force, iii. 191; financial crisis, iii. 256; Secretary for India, iii. 349; Italian Policy, iii. 366; Indian titles, iii. 394; Indian Civil Service, iii. 398; artillery in India, iii. 473; letter on death of Prince Consort, iii. 474
Woods, Sir William, i. 204
Woolwich Arsenal, ii. 22
Worcester, Deanery of, ii. 40; See of, iii. 416
Wordsworth, Rev. Dr Christopher, Headmaster of Harrow, i. 348
Woronzow, Prince Michael, i. 494
Worsley, Lord, i. 287
Woulfe, Stephen, afterwards Chief Baron for Ireland, i. 62
Wrangel, General von, iii. 454
Wuertemberg, Alexander, Duke of, marriage, i. 4
---- Crown Prince of, iii. 458
---- King of, marriage, i. 1; visit to the Queen, i. 90
---- Prince Alexander, of, i. 89, 144, 145, 199
Wuertemberg, Princess Alexander of, death, i. 144, 150
---- Queen of, i. 11; visit to Frogmore, i. 13
Wyse, Mr, British Envoy at Athens, ii. 229, 234, 235, 243
Yang-tze River, i. 442
Yeh, Chinese Governor, and Sir John Bowring, iii. 223; ultimatum, iii. 223
York, Duke of, character, i. 5, 10
---- Prince Consort's visit to, ii. 184
Yorke, Sir Joseph, death, i. 384
Young, Sir John, High Commissioner, iii. 309
"Young England" party, ii. 1, 16
Zichy, Count Eugene, i. 115
Zollverein, i. 289
Zouaves, iii. 136
Zurich, Treaty of Peace at, iii. 308, 374
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_Printed by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Ld., London and Aylesbury. Paper supplied by John Dickinson & Co., Ld., London._
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Transcriber's note:
ERRATA
Page 20: extraneous "the" removed. (...what they are--the the Queen...)
Page 111: so-fond: hyphen removed
Page 142: 'as replaced with 'at'. (The great event has at length taken place...)
Page 171: 'Fiday' corrected to 'Friday' (Lord Clarendon starts for Paris on Friday.)
Page 209: (indistinct) 'a s' corrected to 'pas', to conform with wording of earlier draft (...ces dangers seront ecartes a l'instant que la France s'unira a nous pour tenir un langage ferme a la Russie qui tache de nous desunir et il ne faut pas qu'elle y reussisse.)
Page 261: 'eighy' corrected to 'eighty' (...joined with eighty-four Liberals and four Peelites...)
Page 281, Footnote 28: 'wote' corrected to 'wrote'.
Page 325: 'sentimens' [sic; instead of 'sentiments'] (Lord Cowley a ete aupres de moi le digne interprete des sentiments de votre Majeste, ....)
Page 325: 'independans' [sic; instead of 'independants'] Etats independans.
Page 325: 'sentimens' [sic; instead of 'sentiments'] C'est dans ces sentimens que je renouvelle a votre Majeste....
[The omission of 't' in the above words may have been a personal idiom. They have been left as such.]
Page 390: Date corrected from 7th March 1863 to 7th March 1860.
Page 432: 'preseved' corrected to 'preserved' (...by which the peace of Europe may be preserved.)
Page 444: '1831' corrected to '1851' (...your Majesty's sanction to that was obtained in 1851-52,...)
Page 503: 'annxation' corrected to 'annexation'