Appendix
By the kindness of the Abbot Gasquet we are enabled to supplement the Bibliography of Acton's writings published by the Royal Historical Society with the following additional items:--
In The Rambler, 1858
April--Burke. July--[With Simpson] Mr. Buckle's Thesis and Method. Short Reviews. August--Mr. Buckle's Philosophy of History. October--Theiner's _Documents inédits relatifs aux affaires religieuses de France 1790-1800_, pp. 265-267. December--The Count de Montalembert, pp. 421-428 and note, 432. Carlyle's History of Frederick the Great, vols. i. and ii. p. 429.
1859
January--Political Thoughts on the Church. February--The Catholic Press. September--Contemporary Events.
1860
September--National Defence. Irish Education in Current Events.
1862
Correspondence. The Danger of the Physical Sciences.
INDEX
Abbot, Archbishop, and Father Paul, 432
Abbott, Dr., on Bacon and Machiavelli, 228
Absolutism, causes contributing to, 288 impulse given to, by teaching of Machiavelli, 41 inherently present in France, 237-40 and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 121 the old, its most revolutionary act, 275 sanction of, 433
Absolutists, eighteenth century, their care solely for the State, 273
Acta Sanctorum authority on the inception and early growth of the Inquisition, 554
Acton, Lord-- Character and characteristics of-- Absolutism detested by, xxxi, xxxiv admiration of, for George Eliot and for Gladstone, basis of, xxiii Catholicism of, xii-xiv, xix, xx, xxvii, xxviii; attitude of, to doctrine of Papal Infallibility, xxv, xxvi; reality of his faith, xviii et seq. ideals cherished by, document embodying, xxxviii-ix; need of directing ideals practised by, xxii, xxiv individualistic tendencies of, xxviii intense individuality of, xvi objection of, to doctrine of moral relativity, xxxii, xxxiii personality of, as exhibited in present volume, xii; greatness of, xxii, xxxvii, xxxviii severity of his judgments, xxv, xxvii Literary activity and tastes of-- contributions of, to periodicals, light thrown by, on his erudition and critical faculty, ix History of Liberty projected by, xxxv as leader-writer, ix preference of, for matter rather than manner in literature, xxii literary activity, three chief periods in, xii-xiv writings of, planned, xxxv, xxxvi; and completed, ix et passim; why comparatively few, xxxv-vii; qualities in, iv, x, xvi; instance of, xi; the real inspiration of, and of his life, xxi; style of, xxxiv et seq. origin, birth, and environment of, xiv, xviii, xix, xxxiii political errors of, xxviii et seq.; on freedom, xxxi; on Liberalism, xxv, xxx on Stahl, 391
Adams, J.Q., on the Christian faith, 585 denying the influence of the pilgrims on the American Revolution, 584 despondency of, as to American constitution, 579 discriminating between American and French Revolutions, 580 on Hamilton, 582
Adams, the younger, 578
Addison, J., inconsistent ideas of, regarding liberty, 53
Address of the Bishops at Rome, Wiseman's draft, the facts concerning, 444-5; attacks on, of the Patrie, 439, 443, 444, 445; Wiseman's reply, and see Home and Foreign Review
Ahrens, cited on national government, 227
Alamanni, forecasting the Huguenot massacres, 109
Albertus Magnus, 557
Albigenses, how dealt with by Montfort, 556 why persecuted, 168
Aldobrandini, Cardinal Hippolyto, see Clement VIII.
Alessandria, Cardinal of, Michielli Bonelli, Legate of Pius V. mission of, to Spain, Portugal, and France, 112; his famous companion, 113; his ostensible purpose, its failure, information given to, on the forthcoming massacre, 113-14 after the St. Bartholomew 140
Alfonso, King of Aragon, proscription by, of heretics, 558
Alva, Duke of, Catherine de' Medici's message to, on the massacres, 122 failure of, in the Low Countries, 103 judgment of, on the St. Bartholomew, 124 letter of, on the St. Bartholomew. 108 & note ordered to slay all Huguenot prisoners, 141-2
America, colonists of, opposition of Lords Chatham and Camden to, 55 early settlers in, Catholic and Protestant, contrasted action as to religious liberty, 187 doctrine of rights of man, originated from, 55 United States, democracy in, 64 government, based on Burke's political philosophy, 56; how the value of this foundation was negatived, 56 humour in, 579 national institutions of, attitude to, of Americans of to-day, not that of the founders, 579 place of, in political science, 578 presidency of Monroe, "the era of good feeling," 56 progress of democracy in, 84 religion in, Döllinger on, 339-40 representation in, defect concerning, 579
American Commonwealth The, by James Bryce, review, 575
American Constitution, Hamilton's position regarding, 581; its development due to Marshall, ib. how cemented, 579 government, confederate scheme of, 577 Judge Cooley on, 580 liberty, Judge Cooley on, 580 revolution, the abstract revolution in perfection, 586 no point of comparison between it and the French, 580 not inspired by the beliefs of the Pilgrim Fathers, 584-5 spirit of, 580, 587
Americans, attitude of the best towards politics, 578
Anabaptists, destructive tendency of their teaching, 157, 169, 171, 174, 175, 178, 185; and its effect on Luther, 155 intolerance of, 171-2 views of reformers as to their toleration, 157, 164, 167, 176
Andreæ. Lutheran divine, on the Huguenots, 145
Angelis, de Cardinal, manager of elections to Commission on Dogma, 529 President of Vatican Council, 534
Anglicanism, appreciation of Döllinger for some exponents of, 395 and growth of other sects, 334-7 progress of, 329-32
Anjou, Confession of, on the St. Bartholomew, 107
Anjou, Duke of (see also Henry III.), and the crown of Poland, 105, 120, 144 schemes for marriage of, with Queen Elizabeth, 105 guilt of, for the St. Bartholomew, 110 orders of, for Huguenot massacre in his lands, 119
Annalists, method of, compared with that of scientific historians, 233
Antiquity, authority of State excessive in, 4 of liberty proved by recent historians, 5
Antonelli, Cardinal, advice of, to Bonnechose, 529 discussion of Infallibilty by Vatican Council, denied by, 518-19 on temporal power of Papacy, 414
Apologists for the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 147-8
Apology of Confession of Augsburg on excommunication, 158
Arianism among the Teutonic tribes, 199 suggested, of Petavius, and why, 592
Aristides and democracy, 68
Aristocracy, destruction of, in the Reign of Terror, 262 early eighteenth-century, 273-4 government by, advocated by Pythagoras, 21; government by, danger of, 20 Roman, struggle with plebeians, 13, 14
Aristotle on class interests, 69 estimation of, by Döllinger, 406 Ethics of, democracy condemned by, 71 Politics of, 22, 79; makes concession to democracy, 72 saying of, reflecting the illiberal sentiments of his age, 18
Arles, Council of, and the Count of Toulouse, 565
Arnaud and the saying, "God knows His own," 567
Arnauld, 429
Arnim, Baron, influence of, at Vatican Council, 506 interview of, with Döllinger, 426
Arnold of Brescia, 559
Arragon, constructive science of its people, 557 heresy in (1230), 556; lead of the country in persecution, 557
Artists, method of, compared with that of scientific historians, 233
Ascoli, Cecco d', fate of, 564-5
Ashburton, Lady, 382
Asoka (Buddhist king), first to proclaim and establish representative government, 26
Assassination, see also Murder and Regicide Catherine de' Medici's plan, inspired by member of Council of Trent, 216 expediency of, view of Swedish bishops, 217 as a political weapon, 213-14 religious, considered expedient, 325 the reward of heresy, a doctrine of the Church in Middle Ages, 216
Athenagoras cited, 70
Athenians, character of, 11
Athens, constitution of, rapid decline in career of, 11; revision of, provided for by Solon with good results, 7, 8 democracy of, 66; tyranny manifested by, 12 government by consent superseded government by compulsion, under Solon, 7 laws of, revised by Solon, 6 political equality at, 68 Republic of, causes of ruin of, 70 death of Socrates crowning act of guilt of, 12 reform in, came too late, 12, 13
Aubigné, Merle d', and the charge against the Bordeaux clergy, 127 note
Auger, Edmond, S.J., and the Bordeaux massacres, 127
Augsburg, Confession of, axiom concerning importance of, in Luther's system of politics, 159 Apology of, on excommunication, 158
Austria, Concordat in, its failure, 292 opposition to Vatican politics in, and to the Council, 503, 506 policy of repression in, after Waterloo, 283 representation of, on Vatican Council, 509
Austria, Don Juan of, and the victory of Lepanto, 104; effect of, marred by Charles IX., 105
Austrian Empire, nationalities in, 295, 296; why substantial, one of the most perfect States, 298
Austrian power in Italy, effect of, on nationality, 287 rule in Italy, error of, 285
Authorities, use made of, revealing qualities of historians, 235
Authority of the Church questioned through Frohschammer's excommunication, 477-8
Authority, supreme, of the Church, 192; attitude of Home and Foreign Review towards, 482-91
Avaux, D', view of expedient political massacre, 218
Avignon, removal of the Papacy to, 370; strife between, and the Franciscans, 552
Ayamonte, Spanish Ambassador to Paris, 123
Baader, F.X. von, estimate of, by Döllinger and Martensen, 376; work of, 377; father-in-law of Lasaulx, 405 Schelling's coolness to, 381
Baboeuf, proclaimer of Communism, 273
Bach, administration of, in Austria, 283
Bacon, Francis, 562 advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48 modern attacks on, 377 on bookish politicians, 575 on St. Thomas Aquinas, 37 influence of Machiavelli on, 228 cited on political justification, 220
Bacon, Sir Nicholas, 44
Baden (1862), nationality in, 295
Baglioni, family of, models for Machiavelli, 212
Bain, T., interpreter of Locke, 220
Ballanche and liberal Catholicism, 588
Ballerini, influence on Döllinger, 387
Balmez, classed as Ultramontane, 451
Baltimore, synod of, and Infallibility, 499
Baluze, 559
Barbarians, the, become instrument of the Church by introducing single system of law, 244
Barberini, Cardinal, on reason for condemning De Thou's History, 147
Baronius, 379, 429; Döllinger's study of, 387
Barrot, O., opposed to universal suffrage, 590
Barrow, Isaac, Döllinger's Roman antidote to, 387
Basel, Church government at, under OEcolampadius, 176
Baudrillart, cited on Machiavelli's universality, 226
Baumgarten, Crusius, on political expediency, 230 works of, esteemed by Döllinger, 381
Baur, Ferdinand, on historical facts, 385 work of, estimated by Döllinger, 381, 404
Bavaria, Catholic stronghold (1572), 103
Baxter, Richard, 416
Bayle, Pierre, cited on Servetus, 185
Bayonne, conference of, massacre of St. Bartholomew the outcome of, 108, 109 & note, 124
Beaconsfield, Earl of, story of, 551; view of Döllinger on, 391
Beauville, bearer to Rome of news of the St. Bartholomew, 132-3
Beccaria, on importance of success as result of action, 223
Belgian revolution, causes united in, 284
Belgium, representation of, on Vatican Council, 507 vigorous growth of municipal liberties in, 38
Bellarmine, Cardinal, deceived by hierarchical fictions, 420
"Bellum Haereticorum pax est Ecclesiae," maxim utilised by Polish bishops, 103
Benedict XIV., Pope, 148 scholarship under, 387
Bennettis, De, appreciated by Döllinger, 387
Bentham, Jeremy, pioneer in abolition of legal abuses, 3 principle of greatest happiness, 223
Berardi, Cardinal, influence of, on Döllinger, 387 proposed announcement of discussion of Infallibility at Vatican Council set aside, 518
Bergier, 573
Berlin, 378
Bernard, Brother, 564
Bernays, 432
Besold, followers of Machiavelli denounced by, 225
Beust, Count, on Vatican Council, 503; indifference to, 509
Beza, Theodore, death of Servetus approved by, 185 defence of Calvin, 183 on the Huguenot massacres, on toleration, and on the civil authority over religious crime, 146 on religious assassination, 326
Beziers, siege of, 567
Bianchi, recommended by Döllinger, 387
Bible, inspiration of, 513-15 as sole guide in all things, Luther's principle, 154, 158, 159, 161
Bigamy of the Landgrave of Hesse, how dealt with by Luther, and why, 160
Bilio, Cardinal, junior president of Vatican Council, 534
Biner, apologist of the St. Bartholomew, 148
Biran, Maine de, cited on political expediency, 220
Bishops, the, address to Pius, in preparation for Vatican Council, 494, 499 attitude of, towards Bull Multiplices inter, 520-25 and the Papacy, 511 protesting, charge of sharing Döllinger's views, repudiated by, 538 deception of, at Vatican Council, 518-526 hostility of, harm done by, 531 withdrawal of, from close of Vatican Council, 549
Bismarck, Count, on State participation in Vatican Council, 506
Bizarri, policy of, on Vatican Council, 534
Blanc, Louis, a secret worker for overthrow of Louis Philippe, 92
Blasphemy, reasons for its punishment by the Reformers, 169, 175
Blois, French court at, 112; Coligny at, 1571., 115
Blondel, Döllinger's gratitude to, 393
Blue Laws of Connecticut, 55
Boccaccio, Giovanni, revision of the Decamerone, 215
Boccapaduli, Papal secretary, speech of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 136
Bodin, cited on Il Principe, 218
Bohemia, religious future of, in relation to the case of Hus, 571
Bolingbroke, Lord, slight knowledge of Machiavelli's works, 218
Bologna, University of, 556
Bona, Cardinal, urged suppression of Liber Diurnus, 516
Bonald, and absolute monarchy, 467 and Lamennais's theory, 593 ultramontanism of, 451
Bonelli, Michiel, see Alessandria, Cardinal of
Boniface VIII., Pope, Bull of, on supreme spiritual power, 324; vindications of, inspired by Döllinger, 391
Bonnechose, Cardinal, share of, in elections to Commission of Dogma, 529, 532 urged French representation on Vatican Council, 504
Bordeaux, the Huguenot massacres of, 127
Boretius, cited on Frederick the Great and Machiavelli, 229
Borghese, Cardinal, afterwards Paul V., Pope, his knowledge of the planned character of St. Bartholomew, 114
Borgia, compiler of history, 387 family, models for Machiavelli, 212 Francis, S.J., 113
Borromeo, Cardinal, 108 & notes, 108-9
Bossuet, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 47, 429, 434 Defensio feared, 378 indignation of, 148 and the idea of development, 591, 592, 593, 595 on love of country, 20 & note work of, compared to Döllinger, 424
Boucher, 45; on Henry III. of France and reliance on maxims of Il Principe, 215
Bourbon, Cardinal of, unguarded speech of, on coming Huguenot massacre, 111 Etienne de, inquisitor, works of, 558-9 House of, French and Spanish, contests of the Habsburgs with, 275 House of, upholders of supremacy of kingship over people, 47
Bourges, massacre of Huguenots commanded at, by Charles IX. La Chastre's refusal to obey, 115
Boys, Du, defender of the Inquisition, 573
Brandenburg, Albrecht, Margrave of, and the Anabaptists, 157, & see 156 note
Brantôme on the death of Elizabeth of Valois, 104
Brescia, Bishop of, see Guala city, centre of historical work, 387
Brewer, intercourse with Döllinger, 402
Brief of Pius IX. to Archbishop of Munich, and attitude of Home and Foreign Review to supreme authority of the Church, 482-491
Brill, the, Dutch maritime victory, its importance, 103
British empire, why substantially one of the most perfect states, 298
Brittany, and the Huguenot massacres, 119
Brixen, Bishop of, on Papal authority, 543
Brosch, on Cardinal Pole and Il Principe, 214
Brougham, Lord, advice to students, 393
Bruce, house of, struggle with house of Plantagenet, 35
Bruno, 430
Bryce, James, The American Commonwealth, review, 575
Bucer, Martin, in favour of persecution, 172-73
Buch, De, 430
Buchanan, 44, 45
Buckeridge, Blondel, Döllinger's Roman antidote to, 387
Buckle, H.T., 589, 590
Bugge, discoveries of, 405
Bull, censure of the Reformation of, 416
Bull of Boniface VIII., on supreme spiritual authority, 324
Bull of Gregory XIII. relating to the Huguenot massacres, 134-45 & note; not admitted into official collections 101
Bull Multiplices inter, of Vatican Council, 520-22
Bullarium Dominicanum, the, referred to by Lea, 563
Bullinger, Heinrich, death of Servetus approved by, 185 cited on persecution, 174-76
Burd, L.A., edition of Machiavelli's Il Principe, introduction to, 212-31; skill as exponent of Machiavelli's political system, 212 text of the Discorsi produced by, 227
Burgundy, refusal of its governors to massacre Huguenots, 118
Burke, Edmund, 580; Döllinger's political model, 393, 417 French Revolution denounced by, 219 on the moral and political as distinct from the merely geographical, 294 on the partition of Poland, 275 on revolution, 587 cited on political oppression in Ireland, 253, note on the rights of mankind, 56
Burning of heretics, Lea's view on, 568
Byzantine despotism, due to combined influence of Church and State, 33
Bzovius, authority on the Inquisition, 554
Cadiz Constitution, 1812., 89; its overthrow the triumph of the restored monarchy of France, 89
Cæsarius of Heisterbach, authority of, distrusts by Lea, 567
Calhoun, J.C., indictment against democracy, 93
Calvin, John, 176, 585 action of, with regard to Servetus, 184; and his defence of the same, 181 attitude of, to the civil power, 179-81 hostility to, of Lutherans, 145 republican views of, 42, 43 system of Church government, 177-79
Calvinism in Germany, 345
Calvinists, English, tolerated by Melanchthon, 170 & note
Camden, Lord, cited in disfavour of American taxation, 55
Campanella, ideal society of, 270
Campeggio, Cardinal, commentary of, on Zanchini, 559
Canello, cited on Machiavelli's unpopularity, 226
Canning, G., on the question as to who reigned, George III. or his ministers, 583; his wisdom, 40
Capalti, Cardinal, junior President of Vatican Council, 534
Capecelatro, 412
Capilupi, Camillo, author of Lo Stratagemma di Carlo IX., 129; its bearing on the position of the Cardinal of Lorraine, 130; and others, on Alessandria's information as to forthcoming massacre of Huguenots, 114 family, glorification by, of Charles IX. for the St. Bartholomew, 128 et seq. Hippolyto, Bishop of Fano, support given by, to Charles IX., 128-9
Capito, Wolfgang Fabricius, reformer, 172, 174
Capponi, friend of Döllinger, 420 as federalist, 414 Döllinger's study of, 402
Capuchins, General of, and the Inquisition, 553
Carbonari, supporters of, 284; their impotence, 286
Carcassonne, no Huguenot massacres at, 142
Cardinal Wiseman, 436
Cardinals, approval by, of the St. Bartholomew, 140 opposition of, to Vatican Council, 493 French, and absolute monarchy, 41
Carena, "De Officio S.S. Inquisitionis," valuable matter in, on the Inquisition, 560
Carius, works of, edited by Trent Commissioners, 215
Carlstadt, Andreas, polygamy defended by, 159
Carlyle, Thomas, on truth as basis of success, 223
Carneades, his infusion of Greek ideas into minds of Roman statesmen, 16
Carouge, and the Rouen massacre of Huguenots, 119
Caspari, at Döllinger's house, 405
Castagna, Papal Nuncio, 117
Catechism of St. Sulpice, Lea's deductions from, 571
Catherine de' Medici, Queen-Mother of France, advisers urging, to destroy Coligny and his party, 108-9 & notes challenge of, to Queen Elizabeth, 122 children of, trained on Machiavelli's principles, 215 hints of the intended massacre, 110, 111, 113-14 jealous for her merit in the St. Bartholomew, 130 levity of her religious feelings, 122 long premeditation by, of the massacre, 115 methods of, to balance Catholic and Huguenot power, 103 wrath of, at Gregory's demand for revocation of the edict of Toleration, 137 on the death of her daughter, Queen of Spain, 104 & note cited, 580-81
Catholic attitude to Huguenot massacres, 146-8; change in, how induced, 148 Church, see Church countries, revolution more frequent in, than in Protestant, and why, 278 Emancipation Act, spiritual fruits of, gathered by Wiseman, 437 legitimists and democracy, link between, 590 literature, phases of, last hundred years as to principles in politics and science, 450-51 theory on the proper way to deal with heretics, discredit caused by, 140-41 use of subterfuge, 454
Catholic and Protestant intolerance, difference between, 165, 168-70, 186-7
Catholicism, in the Dark Ages, 200 ground lost by, since the Middle Ages, 593 holiness of, hated by its enemies, 437 identification of, with some secular cause an Ultramontane peculiarity, 451 liberal, supposed founder of, 588 spreads as an institution as well as a doctrine, 246 tendency of, 189
Catholics, English, peculiarities of their position, 438; unity aimed at by them, ib. treatment of, by the Reformers, 157, 162, 163, 168, 174, 178-9
Cavalli, Venetian ambassador, on the bad management of the St. Bartholomew, 109
Celts, Gallic and British, why conquered, 241 the materials less than the impulse of history supplied by, 240
Champel, half-burned book from, 569
Chanson de la Croisade, 565
Character, national, influence of, on events, limits of, 557
Charlemagne, 409
Charles Albert, King of Piedmont, revolution under, 285
Charles I., King of England, execution of, a triumph for Royalism, 51
Charles II., King of England, secret treaty between him and Louis XIV., 53
Charles V., Emperor, records of reign of, 409
Charles IX., King of France, active conciliation by, of Protestants, 105 alliances made by, with Protestant rulers, 105 attempts of, to appease Protestant powers after the massacre, 120 blamed for "leniency," "cruel clemency," etc., in the massacre, 126, 141, 143 Cardinal Lorraine's eulogy of, for the massacre, 112 civil war resulting from persecutions during his minority, 103 date when Catherine suggested the massacre to him, 115 desirous of thwarting Spain, his measures to that end, 104, 105 effect on his attitude to Rome of his success in crushing Huguenots, 137 explanations offered by, various, on the massacre, 118 hints dropped by, of the coming massacre, 111 letters of, to Rome, fate of, 101 letter from, to the Pope, announcing the massacre, 132; reasons alleged in, 133 massacre of Huguenot prisoners ordered by, 141 methods of, in the provincial massacres, 118 et seq. Naudé's Apology for its basis, 147 negotiations of, for Anjou's marriage with Queen Elizabeth, 105 Nuncio on Charles IX., tenacity of his authority, 137 panegyric on, by Panigarola, 125 personal share of, in the massacre, approved by Mendoça, 124 praised for his conduct as to the massacre, 112, 125, 128-9, 136, 140, 147 suppression by, of materials for history of the massacre, 121 & note threats of Pius V. to, 139 tracts on his danger from Coligny, and on his joy at the massacre, 131 on his plan for the massacre, 117 death of, Sorbin's account, 126-7 his wife and her parentage, 105
Charron, on subordination to universal reason, 46
Chastre, La, refuses to execute Charles IX.'s orders as to Huguenot massacre at Bourges, 115
Chateaubriand, Marquis de, 464 liberalism of, discussed, 594 maxim of, on the timidity of the better sort of men, 582; endorsed by Menou, ib. transcription by, of Salviati's despatches, 102
Chatham, Lord, against taxation of American colonists, 55
Châtillon, House of, feud of, with the Guises, 112
Chemnitz, Lutheran divine, on Calvinists, 145
Cherbuliez, the elder, on the power of abstract ideas, 585
Cheverus, 402
Chinese, stationary national character of, 241
Christ, His divine sanction the true definition of the authority of government, 29
Christian states, constitution of the Church as model for, 192
Christianity, appeal to barbarian rulers, 33 considered as force, not doctrine, by Döllinger, 383-7 in the Dark Ages, 200 as history, Döllinger's view of, 380 how employed by Constantine, 30, 31 influence of, on the human race, 200; and on popular government, 79 primitive, penetration of influence over State gradual, 27 progress of, must be supplemented by secular power, 246, 247 teaching of Stoics nearest approach to that of, 24, 25 universality of, influence of nations on, 317-21 why Romans opposed establishment of, 195, 198 freedom in, appeal of Christianity to rulers, 33 effects on, of Teutonic invasion, 32 influence on, of feudalism, 35 political influence of the Reformation on, 43 supplying faculty of self-government in classical era, 31 political advances of Middle Ages due to, 39 rise of Guelphs and Ghibellines as affecting, 36 rise and progress of absolute monarchy as affecting, 41, 47, 48 rise of religious liberty and toleration as resulting from, 52, 53 rise and progress of political liberty due to, 56, 57, 58 sovereignty of people in Middle Ages acknowledged in consequence of, 35
Christina, Queen, of Sweden, on truth, 316
Chronicle, The, Acton's leaders in, ix
Chrysippus, views of, 73
Church, the, see also Catholicism, Papacy, Popes, and Rome attitude of, to isolation of nations, 292 attitude of, to Wycliffe, Hus, and Luther, 271; difference in their attitude to her, ib. both accepting and preparing the individual to receive, 450; how she performs this, ib. censure of, ineffectual against Machiavelli's political doctrines, 218 condemnation of Frohschammer's book, and excommunication, 477 and the development of Machiavelli's policy, 225 difficulties of, how nourished, 455 Döllinger's vindication of, 404 effect on, of growth of feudalism, 245 fables of, Döllinger's investigation of, in _Papstfabeln des Mittelalters_, 418-21 free action of, test of free constitution of State, 246 Goldwin Smith's unfair estimate of, 234 in Ireland, Goldwin Smith's views on, 259 great work (salvation of souls) and its subsidiaries, 448-9 hostility to, roused by conflicts with science and literature, 461-91 indebted to the barbarians for corporate position, 244 manifestation of, how seen, 269 minority in, in agreement with Döllinger, 313 not justified in resisting political law or scientific truth on grounds of peril in either to the faith, 449 et seq. not openly attacked, eighteenth century, 273-4 her peculiar mission to act as channel of grace not her sole mission, 448-9 political thoughts on, 188; authority, supreme, the Church as, 192; Catholicism in the "Dark Ages," 200; Christianity, influence of, on human race, 200; divine order in the world, establishment of, 189; English race, Christianity a cause of greatness of, 204; liberty, influence of Christianity on, 203; religion, true, definition of, 197; Romans, persecution of Christians by, reasons for, 196, 198 position of, in State, regulation difficult, 252 struggle of feudalism with, 35 tolerance of, in early days, 186 view of, on government, 260
Church discipline, Bucer's system of, 172-3 government, under control in the modern State, 151
Church of England, internal condition of, 437-8 establishment, English and Irish, difference between, 259
Church and State Teutonic, quarrel between, cause of revival of democracy, 80 relations of, 150-52, 162, 163-4 union of, creating Byzantine despotism, 33; effect of, on paganism, 33 views on, of Anabaptists, 171-2; Bucer, 172-3; Calvin, 177 et seq.; Luther, 154, 156, 157-8, 159, 161-4, 180; Melanchthon, 164 et seq.; OEcolampadius, 176-7; Zwingli, 173-4; Reformers in general, 181
Cicero, 409
Cienfuegos, Cardinal and Jesuit, view of, on Charles IX., 148
Circumspice, as motto for the Catholic Church, 269
Citeaux, 567
Citizenship in Athens, 68
"City of the Sun," an ideal society described by, 270
Civil authority over religious crime (see also Passive obedience), Beza's view, 146 liberty, point of unison of, with religious liberty, 151; its two worst enemies, 300 War of America, consolidating effects of, on the Constitution, 579 society, its aim and end, 298
Civilisation, despotism in relation to, 5, 6, 27 liberty the product of, 596 mature, liberty the fruit of, 1 social, unconnected with political civilisation, 243 in Western Europe retarded by five centuries owing to Teutonic invasion and domination, 32, 33
Civilta Cattolica, organ of Pius IX., 497
Classical literature, subjects not found in, 25, 26
Clay, H., despondency of, as to American institutions, 579
Clement IV., Pope, directions of, for Inquisitors, 560
Clement V., Pope, decree of, on privilege of Inquisitors, deductions on, of Lea, 566 share of, in the trial of the Templars, 563 cited on political honesty, 214 publication of Il Principe authorised by, 214
Clement VIII., Pope (Aldobrandini), testimony of, on premeditation of the St Bartholomew, 114-15 & notes
Clergy, immunities of, 34; unpopular in Italy, 363 upholders of absolute monarchy, 41
Clifford, Lord, acquaintance of, with Döllinger, 388
Colbert, admirers of, in accord with Helvetius, 220
Coleridge, S.T., metaphysics of, Döllinger's love for, 381
Coligny, Admiral de, 105; death of, origin and motives of, discussed, 101 et seq., 117-18; the story of, 106, 111 et seq., 118; the question of its premeditation discussed, 106-7 et seq. alleged plot to kill Charles IX., 131, 135, 136 murderer of, 124; reward of, from Philip II., 123, and presented to the Pope, 144 & note; nationality (alleged) of, 124
Colocza, Archbishop of, head of Council of Bishops, 1867., 499
Cologne, Archbishop of, loose reading of terms of the legal reform of Index, 531
Cologne, Synod at, and infallibility, 499
Commines, Philip de, on levying of taxes, 39
Commonwealth, The American, by James Bryce, review, 575
Commonwealths, founders of, 70
Communism, a subversive theory, proclaimed by Baboeuf, 273; theory of its antiquity due to Critias, 17
Comte, Auguste, historic treatment of philosophy, 380
Concordat, Austrian, failure of, 292
Confederacy essential to a great democracy, 277
Confederate scheme of American government, 577
Conference of Bayonne, resolutions inimical to Huguenots taken at, 108-9 & notes
Confession of Anjou, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107
Confession of Augsburg, apology of, on excommunication, 158 importance of, recognised by Luther, 159
Conflicts with Rome, 461-91
Connecticut, Blue Laws of, 55
Conrad, Master (of Marburg), principles inspiring, 556; as confessor of St. Elizabeth, 570
Conscience, freedom of, a postulate of religious revolution, 153 in politics, expedient elasticity of, 212-14
Conservateur, the, 594
Conservatism, indirect elections not always a safeguard of, 2; restriction of suffrage in relation to, 96
Conservatism of American revolutionists, 580 European, 583
Constance, Council of, support of, to the Inquisition, 570
Constantine, donation of, 469; political Christianity of, 30, 31
Constantinople, seat of Roman Empire transferred to, 30 Patriarchs of, see Eutychius
Constitution, American, consolidated by the Civil War, 579 despondency of its founders as to, 579 Hamilton's views on, 581-3 not understood by Tocqueville, 576
Constitution of England, Sir E. May on, 62
Constitutions, evolution of, 58 growth of, nature of, 5 Periclean, characteristic of, 10 view of Guelph writers respecting, 36 how ancient, differ from modern, 19 mixed, difficulty of establishing and impossibility of maintaining, 20
Contarini, Gaspar, 214
Contarini, Venetian ambassador, on the expected change in France (as to the Huguenots), 109
Conti, story of priests and the St. Bartholomew disproved, 126
Cooley, Judge, cited by Bryce, on American liberty and government, 580
Copernican system, the, derided by Luther, 160
Corsica, 105
Cortes, Donoso, classed as ultramontane, 451
Council of Arles and the Count of Toulouse, 565
Council of Constance, support of, to the Inquisition, 570
Council of Trent, 111, 138; Döllinger's investigations of, 431; and tradition, 513
Council of Ten, Molino on, 213
Cournot, intellectual qualities of, 589
Cousin, Victor, 224, 588, 589 historic treatment of philosophy, 380
Cranmer, 430
Creuzer, 405
Critias, cited, 70 originator of notion of original communism of mankind, 17
Croker, see Canning
Cromwell, Oliver, Constitutions of, short-lived, 50 study of, 410
Cromwell, Thomas, acquaintance of, with Il Principe, 214 death of, a joy of Melanchthon, 217
Culturgeschichte of Hellwald, 573
Cumberland, expositor of Grotius, 46
Cusa, Cardinal of, on Christian doctrine, 514
Daniel, historian, 588
Dante, Döllinger's return to study of, 433 key to, where found, 574 views of, on conscience, 562 and Cecco d'Ascoli, on schism, 564
Danton, his action in the Reign of Terror, 266
Darboy, Archbishop, on Papal Infallibility, 547 opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522
Daru, revival by, of Hohenlohe's policy, 511
Darwin, Charles, estimate of Carlyle, 223
Deàk on Hungarian administration, 510
Decree, the first, issued to Vatican Council, 531; withdrawn, 535
Defoe, Daniel, on want of principle among contemporary politicians, 53
"De Haereticis," tract on toleration, 182
Delbrück, criticism of Macaulay's power of historical deduction, 385
Delicieux, fall of, conclusions on, of Lea, 563, 564
Democracy (see also Will of the People), alliance of, with despotism, 238 alliance of, with socialism baneful, 92, 93, 98 attitude to, of Aristotle, 71, 72 and Catholic Legitimists, link between, 590 curbing of, by ancient constitutions, 19 definition and tendencies of, 62 enlightened ideas of Lilburne on, 83 essence of, 7 federalism most effective check on, 98 in fourteenth century, 80 government by, danger of, 20 a great, in relation to self-government, 277 modern mistakes in true conception of, 93, 94 in Pennsylvania, 84 pervading evil of, 97 political writers against, 93 Presbyterianism and, 81, 82 present aim, 95 principles of, advocated by Pericles, 9 progress of, in Europe, 85 revival of, to what due, 80 ancient, partial solution of, by popular government, 79 Athenian, tyranny manifested by, 12 Swiss, 90
Democracy in Europe, by Sir Erskine May, 61
Democratic method of Socrates, 71 principle, triumph of, in France, results of, 287
Denifle, Father, 574
Denmark, religion in, Döllinger on, 340-31
Derby, Lord, cited, 189
Descartes, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48
Despotic spirit, old, its two adversaries, 276
Despotism after peace of Westphalia, 325 alliance of democracy with, 238 emancipation of mankind from, to what due, 24, 25 overpowering strength of, the doom of classical civilisation, 27 product of civilisation, 5, 6 see also Absolutism
Development, see also Progress and its earlier supporters, 592 Flint on, topic discussed, 591, 592
Diocletian's persecution of the Christians due to attempt to transform Roman government into despotism of Eastern type, 30, 31
Dispensation, the, for the Navarre marriage long withheld, 128 & note; price, assumed, for, ib.; never granted, 131-2; Charles IX.'s hope regarding, 133
Divine right of freeholders established by Revolution of 1688., 54 of kings, principle of, led to advocacy of passive obedience, 47 of the people, 36, see also Will of the People with respect to election of monarch, 35
Divine order in the world, establishment of, 189
Djakovar, Bishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549
Doctrine, danger from, motive for religious persecution in pagan and mediæval times, 251
Dogma, Commission on, at Vatican Council, election and proceedings of, 529-31
Dolcino, two versions of the story of, 555, 568
Döllinger, Dr. J.J. Ignatius von, his attacks on Papal Infallibility, 538, 545; on episcopal authority, in Council, 545 character of, 403 declaration of, on papal necessity for temporal power, 312-13 fame of, 463 historical insight of, limitations of, 409-10 judgments of, compared to Möhler's, 378; their gentleness, 410 influences acting upon, earlier and later studies, intercourse, literatures, etc.--evolution due to--375-6, 379-82, 383, 386-9, 392-3, 399; later views of, 396, 425-36 later life of, 399 and Möhler in Munich, views at variance, 377-80 politics and their interest for, 400-403 reliance of scholars on, in theological difficulties, 382-3 silence of followers of, 313-15 style of, 375-435; own estimate of, 432; views on, and methods of, 383, 385, 389-92 tract attributed to, on Infallibility, 512, 513 value as historian of the Church, 408-10 views of, compared to Möhler's, 378-9; on temporal power, 301-74 visits of, to Oxford, 403; to Rome, 410-14 Works by-- Church History, interpretations of, 379-435; source of, 386; new edition of, refused by, 392-3 Heidenthum und Judenthum, publication of, 405-7 Hippolytus und Kallistus, publication of, 404-5 Kirche und Kirchen, argument of, 414-18; description of, 384-6; source of, 386; preface to, cited on temporal authority of the Church, 303-12; purpose of, 371-4 Papstfabeln des Mittetalters, spurious authority of the Church, 418-21 Philosophumena, vindication of Rome, after publication of, by, 404 Reformation, preparation for, 392-4; publication of, 394; ridiculed in Rome, 411; style of, 393-7 cited on attitude of Pius IX. and the Council, 371 character of Pius IX., 365-6 Council of Trent, 432 England's attitude to temporal power of Pope, 415 German loyalty to the Church, 370-71 Luther, 397 mistaken judgments of youth, 429 St. Dominic, 428 the temporal power of the Pope, 414-15
Dominicans, the, theology of, discountenanced, 498
Dominis, De, 432
Dorner, 389
Dort, Canons of, 580
Doyle, 402
Duchesne, Abbé, 400, 574 on the idea of development, and what impeded its acceptance, 592-3
Dupanloup, 400, 425; opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522, 526 defence of Syllabus by, 424 opposition of, to Papal temporal power, 412
Duperron, Cardinal, on Arianism, apparent, in St. Irenæus and Tertullian, 592
Duplessis-Mornay, forebodings of, as to Huguenot perils, 107
Dutch independence due to maritime successes, 103
Dynastic interest, dominant in old European system, 273 at the Congress of Vienna, 283
Ebrard, Döllinger's opinion of work of, 420
Ecclesiastical authority, functions of its office, 460
Echard, authority on the Inquisition, 554 book by, on St. Thomas, pages by another, printed in, 558-9
Eckstein, character of, 400
École des Chartes, pupils of, methods of, 561
École Française, 574
Edessa, Archbishop of, at commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500
Edict of Nantes, Revocation of, an inconsistency, 170 not approved by Innocent XI., 147 remarks on, 260 of Pacification, 108 of Toleration, deceitful, of Charles IX., 117, 135
Elections, indirect, 97; not always a safeguard of conservatism, 2
Elizabeth, Queen of England, Catherine de' Medici's challenge to a massacre of Catholics, 122 Döllinger's lenient view of, 410 murder of, sanctioned by Pius V., 139 not alienated by Charles IX.'s Huguenot massacres, 120 proposed league of, for Protestant defence, Lutheran protest, 145
Elizabeth of Valois, first wife of Philip II. of Spain, fate of, 104 & note
Ellicott, Dr., Bishop of Gloucester and Bristol, on Lamennais's theory, 593
Emerson, R.W., on attitude of the best Americans to politics, 578
Encyclical, the, of 1846, Infallibility proclaimed in, 496
England, an exception to the common law of dynastic States till 1745., 274 indignation in, at the idea of development in religion, 591 Inquisition never admitted into, 59 status of kings in, Canning on, 583-4 under the Stuarts, Church and liberty in, 208
English Catholics, peculiarities of their position, 438; Wiseman's personal relations with, 437, 438 legal system, pioneer work of Jeremy Bentham in reform of, 3 liberty, adversary of the despotic policy, 276 nation, endurance of, and supremacy of, in art of labour, 60 foremost in battle for liberty, 59 views of, on the Huguenot massacres, 144 race, Christianity a cause of greatness of, 204 writers, Döllinger's acquaintance with, 388
Entremont, Countess, marriage of, with Coligny, Salviati's denunciation on, 110
Eötvös on lay interest in religious government, 510
Ephialtes and democracy, 68
Epictetus, 406
Epicurus on purpose of foundation of societies, 18
Equality, passion for, in France, 57, 58 subversive theory proclaimed by Rousseau, 273; making French Revolution (1789) disastrous to liberty, 88 of fortune, and class interests, 69 political, observations on the right to, 262
Erasmus, his idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58
Erhle, Father, 552, 560, 574
Essenes, disappearance of, 66 idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58 slavery, both in principle and practice, rejected by, 26
Ethical offices of the Church not exclusively hers, 448-9
Ethnology and Geography united, in relation to security of free institutions, Mill on, 286
Eudæmon-Johannes, praise given by, to the St. Bartholomew, 147
Eugenius IV., Pope, election of, 355
Euphemus, cited, 70
Europe, attitude of, to the French massacre of Huguenots, 120. 124-5; progress of democracy in, 85; theory of Nationality in, how awakened, 275 civilised, to what its preservation is due according to Lea, 568 Latin, frequency in, of revolution, 278; its object, 280-81 Western, retrogression in arts and sciences due to domination of Teutons, 32, 33 the two conquests of, and their effects on social ideas, 278 et seq.
European liberalism and conservatism, 582-3 system, the old, reigning families, not nationalities, dominant in, 273
Eutychius, Lea's remarks on, challenged, 563
Excommunication, of Frohschammer, 477 what it involves, according to the confession of Schmalkald, etc., 158
Eymeric, author of the Directorium, President of Arragonese tribunal against heretics, 558, 559
Fables of the Church (Papstfabeln des Mittelalters), Döllinger's investigations of, 418-21
Faenza, why menaced by Pius V., 137
Faith not to be kept with heretics, Catholic theory on, 140-41
Falloux, value of, as historian, 400 opposition of, to Montalembert, 425
False principles, place of, in social life of nations, 272
Fantuzzi, compiler of history, 387
Farel, death of Servetus approved by, 185
Farnese, Cardinal, see Paul III., Pope
Fatalism, philosophy of historians, 221
Fauriel, 565
Federal government, views on, of Hamilton, 581-3
Federalism, most effective check on democracy, 98; value of, 20
Federalist, The, by Alexander Hamilton, various views on, 581
Federal form of American constitution, said not to be understood by Tocqueville, 576
Fénelon, his idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58 on absolutism, 433 on domains as dowries, 273 on national distress, 49
Ferdinand I., Döllinger's lenient estimate of, 410
Ferdinand II., Döllinger's lenient estimate of, 410
Ferralz, despatches of, on attitude of Roman Court to the St. Bartholomew, unused, 102 quarrels of, with the Cardinal of Lorraine, 129 true particulars of the Navarre marriage according to, 131-2 on the attitude of Gregory XIII. on hearing of the St. Bartholomew, 132-3 note
Ferrara, Alfonso, Duke of, a massacre of Huguenots advised by (1564), 108 & note
Ferrari, 590; Döllinger's tribute to, 417 on Machiavelli's character, 226
Ferrier, Du, Catherine de' Medici's words to, on the death of the Queen of Spain and the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 104
Ferrières, 122
Fessler, see St. Pölten, Bishop of
Feudalism, alien to the sentiment of France, 279 growth of, 34; effect on Church, 245 struggles of, with the Church, 34, 35
Feuerlein, Machiavelli's loyalty upheld by, 229 on political expediency, 224
Fichte, J.S., cited in praise of Machiavelli's policy, 228
Ficker, Prof., account by, of the Inquisition, 426 on the real contriver of the Inquisition's rule by terror, 555
First Empire, the French, things most oppressed by, the causes of its downfall, 281
Fischer, Kuno, trace of Machiavelli in metaphysics of, 228
Fisher, John, Bishop of Rochester, on persecution, 570
Flaminian Gate, ancient custom connected with, 136
Flaminius, works of, edited by Trent Commissioners, 215
Fleury, style of, Döllinger's compared to, 381
Flint, Professor Robert, 572; _Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland_, review, 588 critical faculty strong in, 591 nature of his superiority as writer, 588-9; some defects, 589-90
Florence, prepared for the St. Bartholomew, 109
Fontana, authority on the Inquisition, 554
Forbes (Bishop of Brechin), Döllinger's intimacy with, 416
Force replaced by opinion as Catholic tribunal, 148
Foreign rulers, objection to, as third cause of popular risings, 284
Forgery, Church authority supported by 511, 513
Formosus, 563
Fors de Béarn, the, 566
"Fourth Estate," rise of, 67
Fox, Charles James, 54
France, absolute monarchy in, 48; how built up, 41 the Church in, and Protestantism, Döllinger on, 337 democratic principle in, its triumph the cause of the energy of the national theory, 287 feudalism alien to, 279 Gallican theory in, with respect to reigning houses, 35 governed by Paris during Revolution of 1789., 88 of history, how, and why, it fell, 277 inherent absence of political freedom and presence of absolutism in, 237-40 kingdom of, how evolved, 278 opposition in, to Lamennais's Ultramontanism, 463-4 passion in, for equality, 57, 158 political ideas concerning, of Charles IX., and of Richelieu, 116 removal of Papacy to, 370 and representation on Vatican Council, 504-5 "the slave of heretics" according to Pius V., 105 restored monarchy of, see Restoration
Franchi at Council of Bishops in 1867., 499
Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria, in 1859., 287
Franciscan masters, the, and the idea of development in religion, 592
Franciscans, General of, on the planned character of the St. Bartholomew, 124 struggle of Avignon with, 552
Franklin, Benjamin, irreligious tone of, 584
Franks, preamble of the Salic law of, 200
Franzelin on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500
Frederic the Great and Machiavelli's political schemes, 227 ignorant opposition of, to Machiavelli's works, 218
Frederic II., Emperor, treaty of, with the Church, 555 Lombard law of, 152; its provisions, 555, 556
Free institutions, a generally necessary condition for securing, Mill on, 286
Freedom (see also Liberty) accorded to English Catholics, 438 in antiquity-- age of Pericles, 9 antiquity of liberty, modernity of despotism, 5 cause of liberty benefited more under Roman Empire than under Republic, 15 dangers of monarchy, of aristocracy and democracy, 19, 20 decline of Athenian constitution, 11 definition of liberty, 3 early communism and utilitarianism, 17, 18 emancipation by Stoics of mankind from despotic rule, 24 guiding principle of Roman Republic, 13 highest teaching of classical civilisation powerless to avert despotism, 27 history of institutions often deceptive and illusive, 2 implicit opposition of Stoics to principle of slavery, 25, 26 influence of Christianity over the State, gradual, 27 infusion of Greek ideas of statesmanship among Romans, 16 liberty, highest political end, 22, 23, 24 limitation and excess in duties of State, 4 method of growth of constitution, 5 nature of government of Israelites, 4 object of constitutions, 10 reform in English legal system instituted by Jeremy Bentham, 3 representative government, emancipation of slaves, and liberty of conscience not a subject of classical literature, 25, 26 revision of laws of Athens by Solon, 6 sanction of Christ the true definition of the authority of government, 29 teaching of Plato and Aristotle respecting politics, 22 teaching of Pythagoras and Heraclitus of Ephesus, 21, 22 triumphs due to minorities, 1, 4 value of federalism, 20 vice of the Classic State, 16 wisest minds among the ancients tainted with perverted morality, 18
Freedom in Christianity, history of-- Christianity employed by Constantine to strengthen his empire, 30, 31 civil, its two worst enemies, 300 conscience, a postulate of religious revolution, 153
Freeholders, "divine right of," established by Revolution of 1688, 54
Freeman, Döllinger on, as a historian, 421 on Mommsen's want of generous sentiment, 222
French Belgium, see Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland
French Catholics, reasons of their confusion between piety and ferocity, 141 clergy, and the St. Bartholomew, 126-7 & notes monarchy, aid of the democracy in establishing and in demolishing, reasons for both, 278-80 people, attitude of, to and after the Huguenot massacres, 143 et seq. how regarded after the Revolution, 277 provincial massacres of Huguenots, 118-19, 134 writers, influence of, on Döllinger, 387 scholarship, dependence on, of Mr. H.C. Lea, 558
French Republic of 1848, of what school the triumph, 590
French Revolution, see Revolution, French
Frohschammer, 473-7 conflict with Rome, 462, 467, 469, 473-483
Fulcodius, Cardinal, see Clement IV.
Fulda, council of bishops at, 517
Funds of the Church, proposed disposal of, in Italy, 509
Gallicanism, corruption of Christianity, 463, 524 Lamennais's crusade against, 464 theory of, on reigning houses in France, 35
Gams, 429; defender of the Inquisition, 573
Ganganelli, Cardinal, influence of, on Döllinger, 434
Gaspary, cited on Machiavelli's loyalty, 230
Gass, on St. Anthony's life and origin of monasticism, 420
Gaul, Roman, tolerance in, of absolutism, 279
Gazette de France and universal suffrage, 590
Geneva, trial of Servetus at, 184
Genlis, Huguenot commander, defeat of, the consequences to Coligny, 116, 117, 141
Genoa, extinction of, as State, 283
Gentz cited on Machiavelli's policy, 229
George III., King of England, 583
George IV., King of England, 583
German, or Teutonic, conquest of Europe, its consequences, 277 et seq. writers, as influencing Döllinger, 389
Germany, effect on, of the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124, 143 Protestantism in (1572), 103 theology of, unique and scientific, 317, 347-351, 376, 471-482 union of, 225 and the Vatican Council-- circular of German bishops to, 517 opposition in, 503; and to Infallibility, 500; representation of, 505
Gerson, 562; cited, 191
Gervinus, G.G.. on Machiavelli as prophet of modern politics, 229
Ghibellines, political theory of, 37
Gibbon, Edward, 389
Gieseler, Döllinger's dislike of, 389, and estimate of, 404
Ginoulhiac, on Papal Infallibility, 540 on Strossmayer's influence, 536
Gioberti, followers of, 314 metaphysics of, Döllinger's love for, 381
Girondists, objects of, 263
Gladstone, W.E., Acton's admiration for, xxiii; and Döllinger, letter to, on the Irish question, 434; estimate of historical judgment and style, 416; intercourse of, 400 policy of, feared in Rome, 507
Glencoe, massacre of, 218, 410
Gneist, 377
Gonzaga, Lewis, see Nevers
Görres, Joseph, 282, 405 centre of Munich group of theologians, 386
Göttingen, 378; seminary pupils of, methods of, 561
Government, authority of, defined by Divine sanction of Christ, 29 Catholic view of, 260 chief duty of, to maintain political right, 449 American, Judge Cooley on, 580
Gracchus, opposition to Octavius, 76
Grant, General Ulysses, 579
Granvelle, Cardinal, Viceroy of Naples, on the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 125, 140; on Alva's prisoners, 142
Gratian, 557
Gratry, letters of, to the Archbishop of Mechlin, on divisions in the Church, 537-8 on the Inquisition, 424 tribute from, to Döllinger, 424 cited on Veuillot's school, 429
Greece, national beliefs yielding to doubt during age of Pericles, 8, 9 politics of, infused into minds of Roman statesmen, 16
Greek Church, development of, 332-3 revolution, causes united in, 284
Greeks, democracy of, 66 as makers of history, 240 slavery discouraged by, 63
Gregory VII., Pope, deception of, by hierarchical fictions, 420 and democracy, 80 his disparagement of civil authorities, 36
Gregory IX., Pope, 430 appointed Guala as first Inquisitor, 553 Lea's view of, as intellectual originator of the Inquisition, 555, 557
Gregory X., Pope, and the Inquisition, 426
Gregory XIII., Pope, 430 and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew-- Bull of, on, 101, 134 complicity of, discussed, 128 fate of his letters to France, 101 previous knowledge of, 110, 116 receipt of the news by, his public and private attitude, and his reply, 132-5, 137 urges full and complete extirpation of Huguenots, 142 conduct as viewed by French and by Italians, 148 reply, 137 undue hatred of, consequent on his attitude to the matter, 138 and the Navarre marriage, his steady opposition, 105, 111, 113, 128 on destruction as result of sedition, 216
Gregory XVI., Pope, personal fallibility of, admitted, and denounced by Lamennais, 465, 466
Grenoble, Bishop of, doctrine of Papal Infallibility admitted by, 528 excluded from Commission on Dogma, 530 on dogmatic decrees of the Vatican Council, 533
Grey, Lord, 219
Grotius, 432; days of, 225 founder of study of real political science, 46 on the principles of law, 46
Guala, Bishop of Brescia, successor of Moneta and St. Dominic, 553 and the burning of heretics. 555-6
Guelphs, political theory of, 36
Guicciardini, Francesco, abridged by Trent Commissioners, 215
Guidonis, Bernardus, frequently cited by Lea, 568 leading authority of the fourteenth century, 559 Practitia of, 558 protests of, on Clement V.'s decree on privilege of Inquisitors, 566
Guise, Duke of, initiative of, in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, 112 recalled to France, 213 slain by Henry III. of France, 121
Guise, House of, 112, 118
Guizot, 400 on the eighteenth century, 585 on Hamilton's work The Federalist, 581 on importance, to all denominations, of the Vatican Council, 493 wisdom of, 401
Günther, 473
Gurney, Archer, alarm of, at Döllinger's views, 382
Guyon on the murder of heretics, 147
Habeas Corpus Act, principle originated in Middle Ages, 39
Habsburg family, contests of, 274
Halifax Archbishop of (Conolly), on the dogmatic decree, 533 opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522 on Scriptural authority, 547
Halifax, George Savile, Lord, 53
Hallam, Henry, favourable comparison of theory of Il Principe with other political theories, 224
Hamilton, Alexander, eulogised, 581-3 history, treatment of philosophy, 380 political example of, 586 views of, as cited by Bryce, 578
Harnack, estimate of Döllinger, 434
Harrington, political writer in advance of his time, 51
Hartwig, 230
Hase, Prof. K., cited on political expediency, view of, on importance of Vatican Council to all denominations, 493
Hauréau, Histoire Littéraire by, divergence from, of Lea, 558, 563
Havet, 555
Haynald, Archbishop of Colocza, at Council of Bishops, 1867, 499
Hefele, defender of the Inquisition, 573 estimate by, of Döllinger, 434 on Papal Infallibility, 540, 544 on validity of dicta of Vatican Council, 548
Hegel, Carl, friend of Döllinger, 420
Hegel, G.W.F., 589, 590 definition by, of universal history, 224 as enemy of religion, Döllinger's disparaging view of, 376, 381 master of Cousin, 589 posthumous work of, 385 view of, on Development of Liberty, 596
Henry III., King of France (see also Anjou. Duke of), 44, 580 Döllinger's lenient estimate of, 410 hopes of his destroying the Huguenots root and branch, 142; urged on him by Muzio, 143 and the murder of the Guises, 121, 213 reliance of, on Il Principe, 215
Henry IV., King of France, see Navarre, King of
Heraclitus, of Ephesus, on the supremacy of reason and divine origin of laws, 21, 22
Herbert, cited to show Machiavelli's sacrifice to unity, 229
Herder, J.G., 375 on Il Principe, 228
Heresy (see also Intolerance, Persecution, and Toleration), books on, definition of, by the Archbishop of Cologne, 531 Calvin's views on punishment, 181; its famous refutation, 182 causes of, in Frohschammer, 481 dependent on the State, 317 laws of Frederic II. on, 152, 555 punishable by death, doctrine of the Church, 216-19 methods of dealing with the Reformers cited on, 154, 157, 163-164, 166, 167, 175, 181, 183
Heretics, attitude towards, of St. Dominic, 554 Catholic theory on the proper way to deal with, 569; discredit incurred from, 140-41 a prominent dissentient, 144 divisions among, 103 first proscribed in Aragon, 557-58 murder of, Guyon on, 147
Hermann, reliance of Döllinger on authority of, 403
Hermas, 406
Hermes and followers denied the power of the Index, 473
Hesse, Landgrave of, bigamy of, why condoned by Luther, 160 & note
Hindoos, stationary national character of, 241
Historians, qualities of, revealed by use made of their authorities, 235 scientific, method of, how differing from that of artist and annalist, 233
Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Switzerland, by Robert Flint, review, 588
History, deductions of, Döllinger's theory, 389-92; not drawn from moral standards, 219-21 Döllinger's work in, 375-435 equity of, deductions drawn from action, 219 God seen in, 594 no conscience in, Hartwig's opinion of, 230 teaching of, Döllinger's desertion of theology for, 379-83 theory of, Döllinger's view, 385
History, A, of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, by Henry Charles Lea, review, 551
Hobbes, Thomas, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48 and Machiavelli's policy, 228
Höfler, 434
Hogendorp, on the American Revolution and the decline of religion in America (circ. 1784), 584
Hohenlohe, Prince, defeat of his policy, 511 defeated by Ultramontanes, 505 Döllinger secretary to, 385 opposed to discussion of Infallibility at Vatican Council, 503-4
Hohenzollern, house of, contests of Silesia with, 275
Holland, see also Low Countries and Netherlands, declares for the Prince of Orange, 103 republican, an exception to common law of dynastic states, 274
Holst on Hamilton's genius, 581 Verfassungsgeschichte, by, 577
Holy Alliance, originated by Baader, 377; the devotion of, to absolutist interests, 282; and to suppression of the revolution and national spirit, 283
Home and Foreign Review, The, action concerning, of Wiseman, 439-40; deprecated, 440 et seq.; his complaints investigated, 442-43; and replied to, 443-44; how Wiseman came to misconceive the words of the Review, 444 et seq.; position on which the Review was founded, 447, 457; sphere of such a publication delimited, 448-56; topics excluded from its purview, 457; its aid to religion indirect but valuable, 459; attitude of, on supreme authority of the Church, 482-91
Honorius III., Pope, characterisation by, of Gregory IX., 556 the Inquisition extant under, 554 and the Lombard law for burning heretics, 556
Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity, 45
Hosius, Cardinal, opposition of, to Beza, concerning the Polish Socinians, 146
Hötzl, Father, support of Döllinger, 545
House of Commons, the, and the Inquisition, 570
Huguenots, expulsion of from Switzerland, 125 massacres of, in Paris and the provinces, 106, and see Massacre of St. Bartholomew passim position of, in 1572, and apparent prospects, 102 views of, on the massacres of co-religionists, 145-46
Humboldt, W. von, 282
Hume, David, 54; cited on Il Principe, 218
Hungary, Church constitution of 1869., 510 growing autonomy of, 526
Huns, stationary national character of, 241
Hus, John, difference between his teaching and Luther's, 271 trial of, 552, 570; a test case, 572; Lea's puzzling views on, 573
Ideals, energy evoked by, why greater than in case of rational ends, 272 usefulness of, 272; how limited, 273
Ideas, abstract, more powerful than practical, views on cited, 585
Il Principe (Machiavelli's), dedication of, 215 Nourrisson's praise of, 227 Pole's attention called to, 214 publication of, 214; interpretation of, by all later history, 213; known to Pole and Cromwell, 214 various criticisms of, 218
Immaculate Conception, doctrine of, Archbishop of St. Louis on, 545
Income Tax, known in Middle Ages, 39
Independent congregations, advocacy of toleration by, 52
Index, the Church's instrument of preventing scandal by literature, 469-471 institution and origin of, 215, 495 permanent exclusion of Il Principe by, 215 power of, in Germany, 473 reform of, urged on and effected by the Vatican Council, 495, 525, 531 sanction of, 544
Indifference, religious, of educated Protestants, 350-51
Indulgences granted by Pius V., in connection with war against the heretics, 141
Infallibility, Papal-- attitude to, of Lamennais, 462-4, 465, 466 Bavarian warning against adoption of, by Vatican Council, 511 Civiltà Cattolica on, 500-501 continental discussions on, 518 debate on, at Vatican Council, 532-549 declaration of, urged on Vatican Council, 499 definition of, not to be made, by Vatican Council, 518 discussion and definition of, by Vatican Council, 525-49 doctrine of the Jesuits, 498; establishment of, Vatican Council, 499 opinions in England, on discussion of, at Vatican Council, 507 opposition to, 502-4 origin of doctrine of, 513-515 to be presented at Vatican Council, 500-501 proposed by Cardoni at commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500
Infidelity, growth of, due to intolerance, 256
Innocent III., commonly reported as founder of the Inquisition, 553; intolerance of, 431 treatment of heretics, 568
Innocent IV., Pope, cited, 206
Innocent X., Pope, protest against Peace of Westphalia, 324-25
Innocent XI., Döllinger's proposed history of, 433
Innocent XI., Pope, and the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, 147
Inquisition, the, earlier and later, distinction between aims and characteristics of, 552 Lea's view on, 568 Machiavelli denounced to, 214-15 never admitted into England, 59 origin of, controversy on, 553 period of its activity and decline, 574 problem of, 570 sanction of, 544 in Spain, 152 supporters of, 570 tribunal of, appropriation by Spanish kings leading to absolute monarchy, 41 at Vienna, 184 writers defending, 573 Inquisition, The, of the Middle Ages, A History of, by Henry Charles Lea, review, 551
Institutes, Calvin's, on Toleration, 182
Insurrections previous to 1789, wherein differing from the French Revolution, 271
Intellectual offices of the Church not exclusively hers, 448-9
International league of nations founded by Mazzini, 286
Intolerance carried to an extreme by the Anabaptists, 172 Catholic and Protestant, distinguished, 165, 168-70, 186-7 cause of growth of infidelity, 256 inherent in the Mediæval Church, Leas view, 571 motive and principle of, when justifiable, 251 of Reformers, 184 as a rule of life, Lea's view on, 562-3
Ireland, Church in, Goldwin Smith's views on, 259 Celtic race in, yielding to higher political aptitude of the English, 242 failure of Reformation in, 43 history of, comparative method of, study of, 234 land question, the great difficulty in, 236 question of, Döllinger's views on, 434 religious disabilities in, an engine of political oppression, 253 and Ultramontanism at Vatican Council, 507
Irish agitation, causes united in, 284
Israelites, democracy of the, 65 government of, exhibiting principle upon which freedom has been won, 4, 5 a federation held together by faith and race, 4 resistance of monarchy among, by prophet Samuel, 4
Italian States (1862), nationality in, 295
Italy, Austrian rule in, error of, 285 effect on, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124, 143 literature of, influence on Döllinger, 386-7 policy of, under Machiavelli and before, use of assassination, 213 politics of, influenced by Vatican Council, 508-511 reliance in, on Machiavelli, 226 Machiavelli's triumph, 225, 266 temporal power of papacy in, 355-62, 367-71 wisdom of Huguenot massacres confessed, 125
Ivan the Terrible. Czar of Muscovy, protests of, on the St. Bartholomew, 144
Jackson, Andrew, American President, 578
Jacobins, policy of, criticism of, 261
James II., King of England, 54, 410 overthrow imperative, 468
Janus, 519; book on Ultramontane ideal, 511, 513
Jefferson, Thomas, President, U.S.A., 579 irreligion of, 585
Jesuit attitude to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 1, 127, 147, 148
Jesuits, the, and infallibility, 498 and preparations for Vatican Council, 497-98
Jews, see also Israelites treatment of, by Catholics, 169; and by Protestants, 164, 179
Joachim, Abbot, and his work, 560
Joan of Arc, 552; authorities on, not consulted by Lea, 558
John Of Salisbury, 45; reputed author of the Historia Pontificalis, 559
Joubert, on authority of the Church, 463
Judæ, Leo, views of, as to persecution, 174
Julian, apostate, reasons for persecution by, 196
Julius Cæsar, conversion by, of Roman republic into monarchy, 15
Jürgens, his estimate of Luther, 161
Justification by faith, dogma of, as test of orthodoxy, 158
Justin, summit reached by, 406
Justinian, code of, greatest obstacle to liberty next to feudalism, 79 on the absolute authority of the Roman Emperor, 31
Kolde, effect of works of, 408
Kampschulte, effect of works of, 408
Kant, Immanuel, 594
Kaulbach, pictorial ridicule of Döllinger's Reformation, 411
Kenrick, on Papal infallibility, 540, 544
Ketteler, W.E. von, Döllinger's lectures praised by, 381 on Papal infallibility, 540, 544
Kings, status of, in England, Canning on, 583-84
Kirchmann on political ethics, 222 cited on the adoption of Machiavelli's policy, 227-28
Klein. J.L., cited on Machiavelli's moral purpose, 229
Kleutgen, garbled version of Strossmayer's protest, 542
Kliefoth, influence on Döllinger, 389 work on penitential system, 381
Knowledge, growth of, freedom of, in the Church, 461
Knox, John, 44 "Monstrous Regiment of Women," 45
Laboulaye, indictment against democracy, 93
Labour, supremacy of English nation in art of, 60
Lacordaire, Henry, advice of, ignored by Montalembert, 400 cited on political honesty, 220 Döllinger antagonistic to, 401 on St. Dominic, 428
Lafayette, 590
La Farina, tribute to Machiavelli, 226
Lamennais and the Church, condemnation and fall, and cause of the latter, 398, 465, 466-73 conflict with Rome, 462-473 classed as Ultramontane, 451 endeavours of, to exalt Rome, 463-4 intercourse of, with Döllinger, 398 and the idea of development, 591, 593 theory of common sense, 593
Land question, the great difficulty in Ireland, 236
Languedoc, work in, of St. Dominic, 553
Lanza, 509
La Roche-sur-Yon, on the resolutions of the conference of Bayonne, 108 & notes
Larroque, Tamizey de, rejection by, of Arnaud's speech at Beziers, 567
Lasaulx, Ernst von, estimation of, 405
Lassalle, Ferdinand, on collective thought, 585
Laurent, 590; Döllinger's praise of, 417 cited on Machiavelli's doctrines, followed by detractors, 226
Laval, Bishop of, opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522
Lavradeo, Count de, Portuguese ambassador to Vatican Council, 507
Lavaur, fate of Albigenses at, 556
Law, custom and national qualities, not will of government, makers of, 58 mediæval opinions on, 258 in relation to the will of the people, Vergniaud on, 276
Laws (see also Legal system), divine origin of, 22 of realm, Socratic view that they were only sure guide of conduct, 18 view of Ghibelline writers respecting, 37 view of Guelph writers respecting, 36
Lay representation on Vatican Council, plans for, 503-8
Lea, Henry Charles, A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, review, 551 characteristics of, 555, 559, passim; as historical writer, 551
League, the, Charles IX.'s refusal to join, 129
League, Holy, attempts to bring France into, 113
Le Blanc de Beaulieu on political expediency, 225
Lecoy de la Marche, collection, 559
Lee, murder of, note on, 65
Legal system, English, pioneer work in reform of, of Jeremy Bentham, 3
'Leges Barbarorum,' principle of, in respect to the Church, 244
Legislation, liberty independent of domain of, 2
Legitimate ruler, defence of, first cause of popular risings, 1813., 284
Leibniz, Döllinger's gratitude to, 393 on Il Principe, 228 influence of, on Döllinger, 381
Leo I., Pope, and the suppression of heresy at any cost, 571
Leo X. (Medici), Pope, character of, 378 treatment of tyrant of Perugia, 214
Leo XIII., Pope, literary fruits of his liberality, 573-4
Leopold, 401
Lepanto, naval battle of, 104; effect foiled by Charles IX., 105 victory of, less dear to the Pope than the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 134
Leti, cited, 140
Lewis XII., king of France, extermination of Vaudois of Provence by, 217
Lewis XIII., king of France, Döllinger's lenient estimate of, 410
Lewis XIV., king of France, death penalty by, indicted for disobedience to his will, 48 Döllinger's lectures on, 433 ordinance against Protestants, 50 as political assassin, 410 records of reign of, 409 secret treaty between, and Charles II., 53 supreme among tyrants for bad use of his power, 49; adulation bestowed on him sign of national subjection to absolutism, 49
L'Hôpital, 126
Liberal movement in Latin Europe, its objects, 280-81
Liberalism, European, 582-3
Liberals, eighteenth century, their care only for the individual, 273 of the French Restoration, limitations of, 282
Liberty (see also Freedom), change in constitution not effected by, in Italy and Germany, 225 definition of, 3 and democracy, 63 essential condition and guardian of, religion, 4 essential to the subsistence of a country, Rousseau on, 294 failure of Protestant systems to secure, 181 influences of Christianity on, 203 Luther's attitude to, 156 and property, connection between, 54 realisation of, on what depended, 288 reconciled to religion, dispute concerning, 467-9 theory of, as regards nationality, 289 religion and nationality, causes united in revolutions after 1815., 284 sacrificed to unity, by Machiavelli, 229 views on, of Hegel, and of Flint, 596 vulgar definition of, 580
Liberty, American, Judge Cooley on, 580 civil and religious, point of unison between, 151 English, adversary of old despotic policy, 276 English, adversary of former despotic power, 276 municipal, vigorous growth of, in Belgium, 38 religious, definition of, 151-2 effect on, of State control, 151-3 in Maryland, 187 necessary conditions of, 152-3 not impossible, 367
Liddon, Canon, intimacy with Döllinger, 416
Liebig, 377
Lightfoot (Bishop of Durham), Church history of, 418
Lilburne, political writer in advance of his time, 50; his enlightened ideas on democracy, 83
Limborch, 563
Lipsius, R.A., study of Machiavelli by, 215
Lisle, Ambrose de, 423
Littré, 590
Locke, John, 54 doctrine of resistance, 54 inconsistent ideas regarding liberty, 53 on rules of morality, 221
Lombard law of Frederick II., as affecting heretics, 152, 555, 556
Lombardy, the heresy of (Waldensian), 559 work of St. Dominic in, 553
Longpérier, cited, on Italy's adoption of Machiavelli's policy, 227
Lorraine, Cardinal of (Guise), on Anjou's hatred of Protestants and its consequences, 105 & note approval expressed by, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 140 high position of, 111; on his initiative in the Huguenot massacre, his praise of Charles IX., 112 & note; complicity of, in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 129-30 quarrels with, of Ferralz, 129; its reason, the Pope's attitude to him, 130 on the price of the Navarre marriage, 128 slain by Henry III., attitude of the Pope, 121
Louis XVI., king of France, policy of, 57 powerlessness of, to effect reform, 85 why he perished, 280
Louis Philippe, king of the French, his good opinion of republican government, 56, 90 decline of his popularity, 92
Love of country, Bossuet on, 294 note
Low Countries (see also Holland and Netherlands), Alva's failure in, 103
Loyola, Ignatius, founder of the Society of Jesus, 113
Luca, Cardinal de, proposed discussion of infallibility at Vatican Council denied by, 518 Reisach's deputy as president, 534
Lucchesini, sermon against Machiavelli, 215
Lucius, attack of, on Philo, 419
Luther, Martin, 502 attitude of, to the marriage difficulties of Henry VIII., 160 and the bigamy of Philip of Hesse, 160 Döllinger's estimate of, 397 early utterances of, on toleration, 153-5; his change of view, 155 influence of, on politics, 81 Möhler on, 378 persecuting principles involved in his system, 164, 590 teaching of, wherein differing from that of Wycliffe and of Hus, 271 views of, on government, 42; on polygamy, 159, 162; on the relations of Church and Slate, 156, 157-58, 161-63, 173, 177, 180; logical outcome of his theory, 159; its inconsistency, 162; work of, on the Civil Power, 154 & note; cited on toleration of Anabaptists, 157
Lutheran attitude to heretics, gradual change in, 154, 157 to Huguenots, 145-6 theory of persecution, political element in, 172
Lutheranism, decline of, 327-9 in Denmark, 341 description of, 343-5 national character of, 319-320 roused by abuses in the Church, 495 in Sweden, 341
Lyons, massacre of Huguenots at, 119; news of, sent to Rome, 132; horror aroused by, in Provence, 144; letter from, on the massacres at that place, 131
Macaulay, T.B., 580 historical limitation of, 385 injustice of Döllinger to, 391-2 opinion of, on Father Paul, 432 on the study of history, 232
Machiavelli, Niccolo (see also Il Principe), character of, 225-6; its complexity, 212-14 crime of Catherine de' Medici not instigated by, 216 denouncement of, to Inquisition, by Muzio, 214-15 doctrine of, 40, 41; impulse given by, to absolutism, 41 influence on succeeding generations, 40, 41; political, 49; held by rulers before and since, 216-19; estimated by early historians, 225-231 ignorance of, displayed by great men, 218-19 indulgent views taken of methods of, 224 Medici patron and his daughter, 122 merits of, admitted by later historians, 230-231 methods of, 225-6 secret patriotism of, upheld by various historians, 229-230 in touch with reasoners and imitators, by theory of success, 223 zenith of power, 225-7
Mackintosh, Sir James, on constitutions, 581
Macmaster, on Hamilton's genius, 581
Madison, James, 579 on Hamilton's theory of government, 581
Maffei, on regicide, 217
Magdeburg, Archbishop of, temp. Gregory IX., 556
Mai, Cardinal, as an editor, 421
Maimbourg, 215
Maine, Sir Henry, on the Droit du Seigneur, 566-7
Maistre, Count de, Ultramontane writer, 451, 468; on the authority of the Church, 377 and Lamennais's theory, 593 relation to Savigny, 593 exaggerations of, 378 influence on Döllinger, 377 interpreted by elder Windischmann, 381 rank of, as writer, 417 thoughts of, on Nationality, 282 & note
Malebranche, 382
Malvenda, authority on the Inquisition, 554
Mamachi, authority on the Inquisition, 554
Mandelot, Governor of Lyons, and the Huguenot massacres, 119
Manin, Daniele, 287
Manning, Cardinal, Archbishop of Westminster, adviser of De Angelis, 529 on admission of papal infallibility by acknowledgment of supreme authority, 543-4
Manteuffel, administration of, 283
Manzoni on temporal power of Papacy, 512
Marat, madness of, 401 outcome of Rousseau's teaching on his policy, 57, 58
Maret, book of, on Vatican Council plans, 512, 513 opposition of, at Vatican Council, 426 and papal infallibility, 528
Mariana, rejoicing of, over the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124 cited on death of Henry III., 217
Marini, as a compiler of history, 387 occasional removal of, from Index, 215
Marlborough, Duke of (the Great), character of, 53
Marseilles, Bishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549
Marsilius of Padua, the Ghibelline, views of, on power and persecution, 561-2 cited on the relation of kings to the people, 37
Marshall, John, 579; and the development of the American Constitution, 581
Martens, 427
Martensen, Bishop, estimate of Döllinger, 434 tribute to Baader's powers, 376
Martineau, Dr., and Mill's opinion of results as test of actions, 223
Mary Tudor, Queen of England, 410
Maryland, religious history of, 187
Massachusetts, history of, contrasted with that of Maryland, 187
Massacre, the, of St. Bartholomew, 101 defects in plan and execution of, as judged by immediate results, 106; sources of the same, 117 defence of, on political grounds, 218 Döllinger's work on, 430-31 evidence concerning, how dealt with, difficult of access, 101; best existing sources, 102 motive inspiring its chief author, 121 question of numbers slain in, 106, 137 question of premeditation of, contemporary view, 106; modern view, 107; evidence in support of the former, 107 et seq. results anticipated from, 69; Philip II., 123; view not stated by Alva, 124
Massillon, Jean-Baptiste, cited on retribution, 220
Mathieu, Cardinal, share in elections to Commission of Dogma, 529, 530, 532
Matter, cited on Machiavelli's influence on liberty, 227
Maurenbrecher, rank of Döllinger estimated by, 386
Maurer, Conrad, at Döllinger's house, 405
Maximillian II., Emperor, information sent to, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107 opinion of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 144 toleration of, 105 urged to follow example of Charles IX., 134 & note
May, Sir Erskine, Democracy in Europe, by, 61
Mazade, influence on Döllinger, 434
Mazzini, Giuseppe, association of, with the growth of the idea of Nationality, 286 association of his revolutionary ideas with conservatism of Niebuhr, 59 on Machiavelli's politics, 219 proclaimer of Nationality, 273 profane criticism by, 218
Mazzuchelli, 114
Mechlin, Archbishop of, reply to the Bishop of Orleans by, 537
Medici, Cosmo de', patron of Machiavelli, father of Catherine, 122 family of, in disfavour under Paul III., 214 Machiavelli not countenanced by followers of, 214
Mediæval writers on law and right, 258
Melanchthon, Philip, his theory of persecution, 164-170 views of, on polygamy, and the bigamy of Philip of Hesse, 160 & note on religious assassination, 325 cited on Cromwell's death, 217
Memorandum of the Powers, 183; on temporal power, 366
Menabrea, circular of, on representation of Vatican Council, 509
Mendoça, praise of those concerned in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124
Mentz, Bishop of, belief in infallibility doctrine, 518
Mérode, 414
Metternich, Prince, 283; attitude of, to Nationality, 285
Metz, Bishop of, repudiation of Döllinger's declaration, 538
Mexico, nationality in, 245-46
Meyer, Paul, on the Council of Arles, 565
Michelet, Jules, Flint compared to, 596 cited on human action as interpreter of God's commands, 223 on Machiavelli, 213 influence on Döllinger, 433 Döllinger's study of, 421
Michiel, Giovanni, Venetian ambassador, 109; on premeditation of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 110
Middle Ages, authority of State inadequate in, 4 decline of religion in, 595 history of, reason for its unity, 244 political advances in, 39 persecution in, 152, 168 revival of study of, 390-91
Middle Ages, The, A History of the Inquisition of, by Henry Charles Lea, review, 551
Mignet, Döllinger's praise of, 417
Milan, Archbishop of, on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549
Mill, John Stuart, indictment of democracy, 93 on results as tests of actions, 223 on states as coincident with nationalities, 285
Milton, John, his justification of execution of Charles I., 51
Minerve, fate of Albigenses at, 556
Modena, 386
Mohammedans, treatment of, by Catholics, 169; by Protestants, 179; their tolerance, 186
Möhler, J.A., 593 influence on Döllinger's views of fixity of national types, 434 publication of Symbolik, 377 on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 149 suggested history of progress of doctrine of, 385 cited on Döllinger's rank as theologian, 379 cited on intercourse with Döllinger, 377 partiality as historian of religious wars, 428 rank of, 430 views of, compared to Döllinger's, 378-9 cited on Luther, 378-9
Möhler and Döllinger in Munich, views at variance, 377-380
Molina, Luis, 380
Molinier, Auguste, on a history of the Inquisition, 551-2 rejection by, of Arnaud's speech at Béziers, 567
Molino, Francesco da, cited on the recall of the Guises, 213
Mommsen, Theodor, cited on political expediency, 222 distinction of pupils of, 419 indifference of the public to, 430
Monarchy-- adulation manifested towards, after the Middle Ages, 48 danger of, 19, 20 and democracy, 64 limitation of powers, aim of modern constitutions, 19 resistance of, among Israelites, justified in later ages, 4 restricted suffrage not always a safeguard of, 2 Absolute-- clergy upholders of, 41 development and destruction of, by the democracy in France, & notes, 279-80 France chief centre of, 48 one of the worst enemies of civil freedom, 300
Monarchs, election and deposition of, divine right of people with respect to, 35 Guelphic and Ghibelline views respecting, 36, 37 subjection of, to public law, 35
Mondoucet, French agent at Brussels, Charles IX.'s letter to, on the proposed Massacre, 117
Moneta, Fra, successor of St. Dominic, 553
Monluc, Bishop of Valenca, dying speech of, its bitterness against Huguenots, 141 on the effect of the Huguenot massacres on Poland, 120 view of, on St. Bartholomew, 107
Monroe, James, President, his term of office "the era of good feeling," 56
Mons, fall of, 103; Lewis of Nassau at, 105 the garrison devoted to death by Charles IX. and Philip II., 141-2
Montaigne, Michel de, view held by, on Machiavelli's fame, 215
Montalembert, Count de, classed as Ultramontane, 451 influence of, on Döllinger, 400 intercourse unbroken, 463 unacknowledged agreement with Döllinger, 316 and Kirche und Kirchen, views cited, 417; estimate of that work, 424 in Munich, 398 opposition of, at Vatican Council, 524-5 politics of, 400 and the temporal power of the Papacy, 412
Montalto, Cardinal, alleged dissent of from congratulation on the St. Bartholomew, 140
Montégut, influence on Döllinger, 434
Montesquieu, and his development of Locke's teaching, 54
Montezuma, and Torquemada, resemblance between the gods of, 569
Montferaud, Sieur de, rumoured orders to, as to massacre of Huguenots, 127 note
Montfort and the Albigenses, 556
Montgomery and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107, 122
Montpensier, Duke of, Huguenot massacres ordered by, in Brittany, 119 unguarded speech by, on coming massacre, 111
Montpezat, Lieutenant of Guienne, and the Bordeaux massacres, 127
Morality, perverted ideas of, prevailing among classic sages, 18 public, how differing from private, 40
Mordenti, cited on Machiavelli, as champion of conscience, 226
More, Sir Thomas, author of the Utopia, 270 idea of renovating society on the principles of self-sacrifice, 58
Mores Catholici, Digby's, 569
Morinus cited, 194 basis of Kliefoth's work in, 381
Morley, John, on equity of history, 219
Mornay, see Duplessis-Mornay
Morris of Exeter, and study of Petavius, 380
Morris, Robert, an American, the suggester of the French wars of speculation and plunder, 578 cited on Hamilton as a leader, 582-3
Morvilliers, Bishop of Orleans, attitude of, to the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 126
Mozley, James, visit of Döllinger to, 403
Muenscher, works of, esteemed by Döllinger, 381
Müller, 282
Munich, Archbishop of (Reisach), brief from the Pope to, denouncing Frohschammer, 481-5 nominated as President of Vatican Council, 501; death of, before taking seat as, 534
Munich, conference at, Döllinger's declaration to, 312-13 Döllinger at, 386; lectures in, 375 Frohschammer's work in, 473 Möhler with Döllinger in, 377-80 school of theology at, 398-9, 434
Municipal liberties, vigorous growth in Belgium, 38
Münster (Westphalia), excesses of Anabaptists at, 171
Münzer, Thomas, intolerance of, 171
Muratori, Döllinger's study of, 387 on evangelists, 419 papal biographies by, 559 and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 148
Murder (see also Assassination, Heretics, and Persecution), on plea of religion, attitude to, of Rome, 138, 139, 140, 147
Muretus, 101; famous speech of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 130
Muzio, the Decamerone recommended to students by, 215 in favour with Pius V., 214-15 letter from, to Henry III. of France, urging unsparing extirpation of Huguenots, 143 Machiavelli denounced by, to the Inquisition, 214-15
Mylius, view of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107
Nantes, city, refusal of, to massacre Huguenots, 119 edict of, revocation of, not approved by Innocent XI., 147; inconsistency, 170; remarks on, 260
Napoleon I., causes of his downfall, 281, 284 new power called into existence by, 281 question respecting the durability of his institutions, 238 cited on importance of results, 221 cited on quality of endurance in English nation, 66
Napoleon III., ambition of, 316 and discussion of infallibility doctrine at Vatican Council, 504
Nassau, Lewis of, at Mons, French auxiliaries with, 105
National character, influence of, on events, units of, 557 claims, based on race only, futility of, an instance, 295
Nationality, essay on, 270 auxiliary and substance of present-day revolution, 276 denial of, what it implies, 297 evolution of, three stages in, 284-5; and definition of, in its final form, 285 idea of, as influencing modern thought greater than that of liberty, 59 modern theory of, greatest advocate of rights of, 297 historical importance of, its two chief causes, 298, 299 how awakened in Europe, 273, 275, 276; its parentage, 277, 286, 287; how first seen, 278, 281, 286 mission of, in the world, 300 more absurd and criminal than that of Socialism, 300 political character and value of, discussed, 280 et seq. a retrograde step in history, 298 rights of, and greatest adversary of, 297 some of its first supporters, 281-2 a subversive theory, 273 summing up of, 287-8 political theory of, in contradiction with the historic nation, 243 the true, 294, 295
Nations, different, in one State, considerations regarding, 289 et seq.
Naudé, basis of his apology for Charles IX., 147
Navarre, Henry, King of, later Henry IV., King of France, 44 marriage of, with Margaret of Valois, opposed by the Popes, 105, 109, 111, 128; real facts regarding, 131-3; representations on, of Charles IX. and his mother, 135; dissolution of, by Paul V., 114 murder of, schemed as a good deed, 139 and the proposed league of Protestant defence, 145
Navarre, Queen of (Margaret of Valois), death of, reckoned on in France, 109, and see Marriage, under Navarre, Henry, King of
Neander, rank of, 421 special gifts of, 555 unconventionally of, 384
Nelson, 592
Netherlands (see also Holland and Low Countries), deposition of Philip II., and establishment of republic, 44 republic of, inaugurated reign of law through freedom of press, 50
Nevers, Duke of (Lewis Gonzaga), high station of, 128 share of, in the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 110; his "ill-timed generosity" on this occasion, 122; praises of, by Capilupi, 129
Newman, John Henry, Cardinal, 573, 592, 593 distinction drawn between Pope and Court, 417 Döllinger's early appreciation of, 395; intercourse with, 402 Napoleon III. not condemned by, 413 theory of development different from Döllinger's, 407-8 cited on papal authority, 423
Nicholas I., 431
Niebuhr, 581; association of his conservatism with revolutionary ideas of Mazzini, 59 Döllinger's gratitude to, 393
Nimes, Bishop of, on infallibility, 515; opposed to discussion of, 501
Nimes (city), no Huguenot massacres at, 143
Nippold, rank of Döllinger estimated by, 386
Nourrison cited on Machiavelli's sincerity, 227
Nugent, Count, proclamation by, on Italian independence, 285
Nuremberg, Anabaptists at, 157
Octavius, opposition of Gracchus to, 76
Odescalchi, character of, 433
OEcolampadius, Joannes, opinions of, on Church government, 176-7
Ollivier, opposition of, to French lay representation in Vatican Council, 504
Orange, Prince of (William the Silent), 44 alliance made with, by Charles IX., 105 declaration for (1572), of province of Holland, 103 Huguenot expedition to aid, failure of results, 116, 141 not alienated by Charles IX.'s Huguenot massacres, 120
Origines de la France Contemporaine, 569
Orleans, Bishop of, attitude of, to papal infallibility, 228, 316, 515, 523, 524 at Council of Bishops, 1867., 500 patriotism of (1862), 445 permission refused to, for publication of reply to the Archbishop of Mechlin, 537 promotion of Vatican Council by, 493 unacknowledged agreement with Döllinger, 316 on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549 Orleans, city of, horrors of Huguenot massacre at, 124 Orleans dynasty, result of appeal from, in 1848., 590
Orsi, Döllinger's tribute to, 387
Orsini, Cardinal, Legatine mission of, to France, his instructions, 137; Charles IX.'s representations to him, 138
Oscott, Wiseman's work as President of, 438
Osiander, Andreas, cited on toleration, 157
Ossat, D' 114 & note
Overbeck, on Epistle to Diognetus, 420
Oxford movement, Döllinger told of, by Brewer. 402 Wiseman's influence on, 438
Paderborn, Bishop of, on infallibility of Pope, 518
Paine, Thomas, 585; citation of, from Rights of Man, on the confusion of political forms with political liberty, 238
Pallavicini, Theiner on, 431
Panhellenism, 284
Panigarola, panegyric by, on Charles IX., 125
Panslavism, rise of, 284
Papacy, the, acknowledgment of small principalities of Italy, 355 based on organic development, 321-4 and the Byzantine Empire, 353 extraordinary notions of Godwin Smith on the, 267 future of, 367-70 government of, reform in, 363-5 reform of, attempted by Pius IX., Döllinger on, 365 removal to France, a challenge to schism, 370 temporal power of, see Temporal power
Papal Legations rescued from Austria at the Congress of Vienna, 283 See, confusion between direct and indirect authority of, 256 struggle with the Franciscans, 552
Papinian, cited on political progress, 79
Paramo, 428
Paris, attitude hostile to the Huguenots, 116, 117 attitude after the murder of Coligny and Massacre of St. Bartholomew in, 106, 126, and see both heads France governed by, during revolution of 1789, 88 Mendoça's praise of its Catholic inhabitants, 124 Archbishop of, cardinals hat refused for, by Pius IX., 526 career of, 526 character of, 326 French representation on Vatican Council urged by, 505 on Papal infallibility, 532 on validity of Vatican Council's decrees, 549 university of, and the Inquisition, 570
Paris, Matthew, Lea's authorities on, 558
Parliamentary corruption in America, past and present, 578 government, primitive republicanism the germ of, 32
Parma, centre of historical work, 387 (1862) nationality in, 292
Partition of Poland, see under Poland
Pascal, Blaise, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 48 cited on varying standards of right and wrong, 220
Passaglia, fame of, 413 on papal liberty, 313 reputation of, 502
Passive obedience to the State, doctrine upheld by theologians and philosophers, 47, 48 taught by Luther, 156, 161, 180; asserted by Calvin, 180-81
Patrie, French newspaper, criticism by, of Wiseman's address at Rome, 439, 443, 444, 445; his reply, 439
Paul, Father, 432
Paul III., Pope (Cardinal Farnese), hatred of the Medici family, 214; letter from Sadolet, praising the extermination of the Vaudois, 217
Paul V., Pope (Borghese), aware of premeditated Huguenot massacre, 114
Peace of St. Germains, as affecting French Huguenots, 105; alarmist views on, held by Salvati, 110
Peasants' war, the, in Germany, attitude of Luther towards, 155, 156 & note, 162
Pegna, Arragonese origin of, 558, 560 character of works of, 428
Pellevé, Cardinal, Archbishop of Sens, on the premeditation of a massacre of Huguenots, 111
Peloponnesian war, influence of, on Athens, 69
Penn, William, 410; follower of doctrine of toleration, 84
Pennaforte, home of St. Raymond, 556
Pennsylvania, democratic constitution of, 84
People, see also Democracy and Will of the People sovereignty of, idea of parent of idea of Nationality, 277 wishes, etc., of, as criterion of right, teaching on, of the French Revolution as to, 271
Percin, authority on the Inquisition, 554 German ignorance of, 428
Peresius, on Bible inspiration, 514
Perez, Antonio, accusation by, of
Philip II. of Spain, 104
Pericles and democracy, 9, 68 effort to prevent predominance of any particular interest in politics, 10
Perronne, on biblical critics, 514 on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500 hostility to Passaglia, 413 rank of, 417
Persecution, attitude to, of Marsilius, 562 by Catholics, principles of, 168-170, 186 by heathen Rome, justified on political grounds, 186 mediæval, justification of, 254 method of escaping from imposition of religious disabilities, 250 natural stage in the progress of society, 250 Protestant theory of, 150; the book by H.C. Lea, review, inadequate as history of, 574 reasons for and against, as a political principle, 252 some noted supporters of, 570 Spain and Sweden contrasted, 170 two propositions regarding, 572-3
Persian wars, influence of, 67
Persians, makers of history, 240
Petavius (s.j.) and the idea of development in religion, 591, 592 Döllinger's early study of, 379 Döllinger's gratitude to, 393 Morris of Exeter advised to read, 380
Peter Martyr, death of Servetus approved by, 185
Petrucci, communications of, forecasting the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 109 mysticism of, 376
Philip II., king of Spain, aid of, essential to crush French Huguenots, 104 the St. Bartholomew massacre urged by, 116-17 orders from, for slaughter of Alva's Huguenot prisoners, 142 revolt against, of the Netherlands, 44
Philo of Alexandria, Lucius's attacks on, 420 on customs of the Essenes, 26
Philosophers, doctrine of passive obedience, upheld by, 48 schemes of, for ideal societies, why never realised, 270-71
Piatti, apologist of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 148
Piedmontese government and the Papacy, 368-9
Pilgrim fathers, belief of, not influencing the American revolution, 584-5
Pistoja, on treatment of heretics in Rome under Pius V., 138
Pitra, influence of, in France, 404
Pius IV., Pope, Bull Multiplices inter, published by, 520-25
Pius V., Pope, blessing given by, to war against Huguenots, 141 denunciatory letter from, to court of France, 110 patron of Muzio, 214-15 previous information of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew supplied to, 130-31 strong anti-Protestant views of, 138-9 on the peace of St. Germains, 105
Pius VII., Pope, destruction of church of France by, 323 influence on Döllinger, 402 cited on Papal authority, 323
Pius IX., Pope, alarm of dissenting bishops allayed by, 519 Archbishop of Paris rebuked by, 526 brief of, to the Archbishop of Munich, censuring Frohschammer, 481-5 character of, described by Döllinger, 365-6 confidence in the support of the bishops at the discussion of Papal infallibility, 523-4 on Döllinger's Kirche und Kirchen, 415 on the infallibility of the Pope, 496 personal popularity of, 497 quarrel with Russia, 493 reform of excommunication laws, 531 treatment of Döllinger, 411 Vatican Council convened and prepared for by, 492-511 obstinacy in management of Vatican Council, 532 reforms of, 402 refusal of permission to Theiner to publish acts of Council of Trent, 431 and Vatican Council, Döllinger's estimate of, 431 veneration of, spell broken by protesting bishops, 531
Planck, Möhler's address to, 378
Plantagenet, house of, claims backed by Rome against house of Bruce, 35
Plantier, authority on Louis Philippe, 402
Platen, diaries of, description of Döllinger's early studies in, 375
Plato, Laws, 22 on class interests, 69, 71 opinions of, 71 not without perverted notions of morality, 18 Republic of, 270
Plebeians, Roman, struggle with aristocracy, 13, 14
Plotinus, ideal society of, 270
Plutarch, religious knowledge of, 406
Poland, 105; Anjou as candidate for throne of, 105; prospects of, after the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 144 an exception to common law of dynastic States, 274; and why, 275; the consequence, the partition, 275 extinction of, 283 government of, and the Reformation, 43 partition of, awakening theory of nationality in Europe, 275 religious toleration in sixteenth century, 103 republic of, nature, 49 Socinians in, Beza's hostility to, 146 wrath in, at the Huguenot massacres, 120
Pole, Cardinal, Il Principe brought to notice of, 214 cited on political scruples, 219
Polish exiles, why always champions of national movements, 286 Protestants, strength and unity of, 103 revolution, causes united in, 284
Political corruption, Hamilton's paradox on, 581 disorders, distribution supersedes concentration of power as remedy against, under Solon, 7 equality at Athens, 68 forms, confusion with popular rights, 238 freedom inherently absent in France, 237-40 habits and ideas special to particular nations, varying in the national history, 297 intelligence, not culture, the test of a conquering race, 242 liberty in modern times the fruit of self-government, 253 life a sign of true patriotism, 293 opposition to Vatican Council, absence of, 511 power should be in proportion to public service, 8 observance of this principle at Athens, 8 principles, obligation of, essentials for understanding, 458 science, America's rank in, its exponents, 578 theory of nationality in contradiction with the historic notion, 243 thoughts on the Church, 188
Politics, attitude to, of the best Americans, 578 conscience in, expedient elasticity of, 212-14 contemporary, Döllinger's part in, 400-403 honesty in, approved by great men, 219-23; not always expedient, 219-21; opinions of Pope Clement, 214; Machiavelli, 212; Michelet, 213; Molino, 213; Sarpi, 213; Soto, 213 laws of, rest on experience, 391 liberty highest end of, 22, 23, 24 Machiavellian, tribute to, 219 principles of, high teaching regarding, in Plato's Laws and Aristotle's Polities, 22 retribution in, 220-23 science of, impartial study, unknown in seventeenth century, 43-46; impartial study originated by Grotius, 46
Politics and science, authority of, now re-established, extent of, 453; discoveries and principles of, how generally judged, 454
Polygamy, attitude of reformers to, 159, 160
Pontiac, price on head of, 213
Pope, the, and the court, Lamennais's distinction between, 464-5 intervention of, between state and sovereign, 257
Popes, the (Medicean), unofficial countenance of Machiavelli, 214
Popular rights, confusion of political forms with, 238
Population, masses of, not benefited by liberty of subject, 94 relief of, aim of modern democracy, 95
Porrette, Marguerite, 558, 568
Portugal, lay representative of, on Vatican Council, 507
Postel, 382
Potomac, army of, 579
Praetorius, 432
Presbyterianism, democratic element in, 81, 82 Döllinger's sketch of, 336-7
Prescott, W., 569
Press, freedom of, in Netherlands Republic inaugurated reign of law, 50
Principles, false, place of, in social life of nations, 272 political, obligation of, essentials for understanding, 458 touchstone and watershed of, 454
Principles and interests, relative importance of, 449
Priscillian, fate of, Lea's view on, 572
Property, liberty and connection between, 54
Protagoras cited, 70
Protestant authorities, use made of, by the Ultramontanes, 451-2 Church government, agitation for reform in Prussia, 347 establishment, its views on government, 260 Reformers, see Reformers "Protestant Theory, The, of Persecution," 150, & see 254, 255, 576 involved in Luther's teaching, 164 developed by Melanchthon, 164 et seq. carried to an extreme by the Anabaptists, 172 carried out by Calvin, 178; and defended by Beza, 183 continued in Massachusetts, 187 characteristics of, 168-70 failure of, 187 Zwinglian varieties of, 174 et seq.
Protestantism, aversion of, to freedom, 240 and the civil power, 150, 159, 161, 181 decline of, in Northern Europe, Döllinger's description of, 342-51 Döllinger's survey of, 302-303 final acceptance by, of toleration, 187 friendly feeling of Döllinger towards, 396-7 growth of, 325-52 and the later mediæval sects, essential difference between, 271 never successful in France, 595 toleration as, cause and effect of its decline, 255
Protestants, the, see also Huguenots and Lutherans as cats' paws of France against Spain, 105-16 ordinance of Louis XIV. against, and their action, 50 position and apparent prospects of (1572), 102 English, unanimity amongst, 189 Polish, unity and strength among, 103
Provincial massacres of Huguenots, 105
Prussia, nationality shown in the opposition to Napoleon I., 281
Prynne, on study of records, 393
Pufendorf, expositor of Grotius' doctrines, 46
Purgatory, release from (see Indulgences), obtainable from the Pope, belief in, 495
Puritans in America, intolerance of, 187
Pusey, Dr., Döllinger's letters to, 395-6 in favour of Vatican Council, 493
Puygaillard, mission of, to ensure provincial massacres of Huguenots, 118 note, 119
Pythagoras, an advocate of government by aristocracy, 21
Quetelet, 589
Quicherat and other authorities on Joan of Arc, 558
Quinet, cause to which he attributes the breakdown of the French Revolution, 595
Radowitz, Döllinger's debt to, 402 potential liberality of, 414
Rambler, The, 447
Rambouillet, French Ambassador at Rome, 136
Ranke, Leopold von, calm indifference of historical deductions of, 390 estimate of Macaulay by, 391 old age of, friendship with Döllinger, 396 style of, admiration of Döllinger for, 393 cited on judgment of time, 221; on Luther's conservatism, 161; on Machiavelli's merits, 228
Rattazzi, impoverishing policy of, 509
Raumer, source of historical work of, 386
Rauscher, Cardinal, opponent of Papal infallibility, 532, 533, 535, 544
Ravignan, 400
Raymundus, Döllinger's opinion of works of, 382
Raynaud, account of Machiavelli's death, 215
Rebellion punished by death by the Church in the Middle Ages, 216-19
Reformation, the, discredited by the Peasants' War, 155 Döllinger on, 393-7 early character of, 153 effect of, on governments, 41, 42, 43
Reformers, Protestant, attitude of, to polygamy, 159, 160 common origin of their views on State policy, 150-51 intolerance of, exemplified, 184 Saxon and Swiss, reason of their political differences, 173, 177 on the treatment of heresy, 183 views of, on Church and State, 181 writings of, 150
Regicide (see also Assassination and Murder) urged by mediæval Church to remove tyrants, 217-18
Reid, 593
Reisach, Cardinal, see Munich, Archbishop of
Religion in relation to the American government, 584-5 decay in belief of, among Greeks, 8 development of, attitude to, of Bossuet, 591 how it influences State policy, 150 principles of, non-sectarian study of, unknown in seventeenth century, 45-46 reconcilable to liberty, dispute on, 467-9 toleration in, early advocates of, 52 turned into engine of despotism after Reformation, 44 true, definition of, 197 differentiation of, from false, standards for, 449
Religions, multiplicity of, danger from, limited, 250 suppression of, due to danger from doctrine in pagan and mediæval times, 251; only necessary when practice of, dangerous to State, 251
Religious crime, civil jurisdiction over, Beza's views, 146 disabilities, danger of, greater than multiplicity of religions, 250 in Ireland made an engine of political oppression, 253 intelligence and zeal, office of, 460 liberty, defined, 151-2 effect on, of State control, 151-3 incompatibility of, with unity frequent, 252 in Maryland, 187 and political emancipation, connection of, not accidental, 292 persecution and slavery, 64 toleration, see Toleration
Renan, Ernest, commendation by, of dishonesty in politics, 225 rank of, as writer in France, 417
Renouvier, Flint's agreement with, 594-5
Representation separability from taxation, origin of this principle in Middle Ages, 39 in America, restrictions on, 579
Representative assemblies, methods of strengthening, 97 government, earliest proclamation and enactment of, 26 not discussed in classical literature, 25, 26 origin of, in Middle Ages, 39
Republic, French (the first), its title and what it signified, 277
Republic of 1848 (France), of what school the triumph, 590
Republican views of Zwingli and Calvin, 42
Republicanism of Athens, 68 primitive, germ of Parliamentary government, 32 true, defined, 277
Republics, government by, good opinion of Louis Philippe as to, 56, 90 of Poland and Venice, contrast between, 49
Resistance, doctrine of, 54 law of, as manifested in the American Revolution, 586
Restoration, French (under Louis XVIII.), effects of, on Nationality, 282 the true, that of 1688., 580
Rettberg, 420
Retz, Cardinal de, opposed to, yet ignorant of, Machiavelli's doctrines, 218 cited on political adaptability, 219
Revocation of the Edict of Nantes, an inconsistency, 170; not approved by Innocent XI., 147; remarks on, 266
Revolution, identity of, and difference from, passive obedience, 162 one of the worst enemies of civil freedom, 300 its most powerful auxiliary, present day, 276 Protestantism favourable to, 181 American-- not inspired by the belief of the Pilgrim Fathers, 584-5 nothing of, in common with the French, 580 spirit of, 580, 587 supreme manifestation of the law of resistance, 586 of 1848, double debt to, of Nationality, 287 the French-- abolition by, of traces of national history, 278 the (1789), causes leading up to, 85, 86, 87 change produced by, how effected, 271; consequences, 272 characteristics peculiar to, roots far back in history, 280 denounced by Burke, 219 doctrines of, adversary of the old despotic policy, 276 essential difference between it and others, 271 injured by its religious policy, 86 ethnological character of, 277, 278 nothing in it in common with the American revolution, 580 revival of a conquered race, 241 no constructive idea given rise to by it, 241 substance of its ideas, 280 theory of equality disastrous to liberty, 88 of 1688, "divine right of freeholders" established by, 54 principles of, anticipated, 179 statesmen of, represented as ancestors of modern liberty, 53
Revolutionary leaders of 1789, ideas of, contrary to idea of Nationality, 281
Revolutions, three phases of those subsequent to the Congress of Vienna, 284-5
Rhode Island, State of, rise of, 187
Richelieu, Cardinal, historical insight of, 409 method of dealing with Protestants, its effect, 116 on subjection of nation, 48 cited on historical deductions based on success, 221
Riehl, on abstract ideas and their power, 585
Rimini, 559
Rio, 432; cited on Döllinger as a theologian, 399
Ritschl, 389
Robespierre, fate of, 401 terrorism of, causes of production of, 262
Robinson cited on progressive revelation, 592
Rochelle, La, siege of, 113 note, 115, 118
Roman conquest of Europe and its consequences, 277 et seq.
Romans, as makers of history, 240 persecution of Christians by, reasons for, 196, 198
Rome, see also Church, the conflicts with, 461-91 attitude at, towards Döllinger, 410-14 and the Church at variance, 516-17 popularity of Machiavelli in, 214 statesmen of, permeation of, with Greek ideas, 16 Court of, reformation demanded by Strossmayer, 536 religious power of, as the preservation of civilised Europe, Lea's view, 568 and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, its complicity (believed in), 128, 131; reception at, of the news of, 132, 134, 135 result of Vatican Council, scorn of opposition, 544 ties of English Catholics with, tightened by Wiseman, 438 Wiseman's Address at, criticised by The Patrie, 439; his reply and rebuttal of "covert insinuations" in _The Home and Foreign Review_, 439-40; reply of that publication, 440; statement of facts concerning the Address, 444 Emperors of, above legal restraint, 78, 79 pleasure of, force of law possessed by, 31 Empire of, creation of the Roman people, not by usurpation, 77, 78 better services rendered by, to cause of liberty than by the Republic, 15 seat of, transferred from Rome to Constantinople, 30 heathen, persecution by, how justified, 186 Republic of, conversion into monarchy by Julius Cæsar, 15 influenced by precept and example, 13, 14 ruined by its own vices, 74
Roscher, intercourse of, with Döllinger, 403
Rosmini, 381; disciples of, 314 Döllinger's pupils sent to, 381 erudition of, 400
Rossi, De, 431; Döllinger's guide in Rome, 411 on epistles of St. Ignatius, 419 friendship with Cardinal Reisach, 501
Rouen, clergy of, desirous of Huguenot extirpation, 142 reluctance of Carouge to allow Huguenot massacre at, 119
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, cause of his power as a political writer, 84 definition of the social compact, 57 effects of his teaching on Marat, 57, 58 proclaimer of equality, 273 vindication of natural society by, 263 on true sense of country, 294
Royalism, execution of Charles I., a triumph for, 51
Royalty exalted into a religion (see also Divine Right of Kings and Passive Obedience), 47
Ruinart, credulous criticism of, 420
Rümelin, 589; on political expediency, 222
Russia, and its adoption of Greek Church, 333-4 attitude of, to Vatican Council, 508 quarrel of, with Pius IX., 493
Russian nationality attacked by Napoleon I., 281
Saccarelli, Döllinger's tribute to, 387
"Sacerdotal Celibacy," 561; and the Droit du Seigneur, 566
Sacred College, the, attitude of, on the St. Bartholomew, 140
Salviati's eminence at, 110
Sadolet, Paul, cited, on massacre of Vaudois of Provence, 217
Sailer, 402
St. Augustine, cited, 197; in praise of Seneca, 25
St. Bartholomew, the Massacre of (see Massacre of St, Bartholomew), 44, 101; not a crime of the people, 43
St. Bernard, 434
St. Brieuc, agreement with Gratry's views, 537
St. Cyprian, intolerance a rule of life from the days of, Lea's view, 562
St. Dominic as the First Inquisitor, 553; so entitled by Sixtus V. 558 attitude of, to heretics, 428, 554 house of, at Toulouse, headquarters of the Inquisition, 552
St. Elizabeth of Hungary, strange choice by, of a confessor, 570
St. Francis of Assisi, Lea's view of, 569
St. Germains, Peace of, advantages of, to French Huguenots, 105; alarmist views on, of Salviati, 110
St. Irenaeus, language of, which might be taken as Arian, 592
St. Louis, Archbishop of, on the Immaculate Conception, 545 on Papal Infallibility, 533, 545; his protest against the doctrine, 499
St. Martin, mysticism of, 376; study of, by De Maistre, 377
St. Pölten, Bishop of (Fessler), and the proposed discussion of Papal Infallibility at Vatican Council, 500-501, 513 reform urged by, 495 Secretary of Vatican Council, 501
St. Raymond and the Inquisition, 556-7
St. Sulpice, Catechism of, Lea's deductions from, 570 opposition of, to Lamennais's Ultramontanism, 463
St. Thomas Aquinas, later exponent of Plato's Politics, 72 cited on the relation of Kings to the People, 36, 37
Sainte Beuve, C.A., cited on political fatalism, 221
Ste. Hilaire, Barthélemy, cited on Machiavelli's politics, 219
Salvianus on social virtues of pagans, 33
Salviati, despatches of, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 132, 133; as utilised by Acton, and his predecessors, 102 on the "spirit of a Christian," as shown by Charles IX. at the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 122 on the true reason for the Navarre marriage, 135
Samarra, the, 569
San Callisto, Döllinger's visit to, 411
San Germano, treaty of, 555
San Marino, 386
Santa Croce, Nuncio, information derived from, on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 102; on the plans framed at Bayonne against Huguenots, 108 & note, 108-9 alleged report by, on the intended Huguenot massacre, 131-2
Sarpi, Paolo, cited on political honesty, 213
Savigny, 380; influence of, on Döllinger, 376 leading doctrines of, 594 source of historical works of, 386
Savonarola, Girolamo, 556
Savoy, motto of its abortive rising in 1834., 286 not surprised by the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 109 Duke of, and the marriage of Coligny, 110
Say, J.B., cited on political virtues, 219
Schelling, 403 estrangement of, from Döllinger, 381 mythology of, 405 cited on collective thought, 585-6
Scherer, Edmond, cited on progress, 221
Schlegel, H.W.F. von, classed as Ultramontane, 451 studied by Döllinger, 375
Schleiermacher, F.E.D., Döllinger on, 375
Schmalkald, Confession of, on excommunication, 158
Schomberg on Charles IX. and the provincial massacres, 120
Schopenhauer, metaphysics of, Döllinger's love for, 381
Schottmüller, 421, 574; conclusions of, on the trial of the Templars, 563
Schrader, Clement, reputation of, 502 on commission of preparation for Vatican Council, 500
Schwarzenberg, Cardinal, manager of German elections to Commission on Dogma, 529, 532 Cardinal, opposition of, at Vatican Council, 525-6 on Papal Infallibility, 544
Schwenkfeld, Kaspar von, his doctrines condemned by Melanchthon, 167
Science, demands of, on its students, 453 liberty of, in the Church, 461-91 liberty in, questioned through Frohschammer's excommunication, 477 power of, to act upon religion, not foreseen in 1679., 595
Science and religion, reconciliation of, 462; denied by Frohschammer, 462; accepted by Lamennais, 462-3
Science, truth essential in, 449 German, great services to intellectual liberty, 469 religious, definition of, 389
Scientific truth, certainty of essentials for understanding, 458
Sclopis, Count, on character of Machiavelli, 226
Scotland, Döllinger on Presbyterianism of, 337 triumph of Reformation in, over the State, 43
Scott, Hope, consulted by Döllinger, 395
Sega, Bishop of Piacenza and Nuncio, attitude of, to murder for the glory of God, 139
Self-government, faculty of, opposed to tradition of antiquity, 31 in a great democracy, how alone preservable, 277; that kind of, which constitutes true republicanism, 277 modern political liberty the result of, 253
Self-sacrifice, renovation of society on principles of, 58
Seneca, his elevated sentiments praised by St. Augustine, 25 religious knowledge of, 406 views of, 73
Sermoneta, 131
Servetus, Michael, 430; his condemnation approved by Melanchthon, 167; and by other Reformers, 175, 184-5; defended by Calvin, 181-2; but not politically justified, 184-5
Seward, W.H., on the rights sought by the revolting Americans, 587 praise by, of Hamilton's statesmanship, 581
Shakespeare, study of, Döllinger's motive for, 432
Sherman, General, 579
Sicily, the Inquisition in, 1224., 553-4
Sickel, 422
Sidney, Algernon, character of, 53 slight knowledge of Machiavelli's works, 218
Sieyès, 277; council suggested by, 96 doctrine of, 57
Sigismund, King of Poland, Beza's advice to, on Socinianism, 146
Sigonius, Döllinger's gratitude to, 393
Simancas, annotations of, on Campeggio's commentary, 559-60
Simpson, 432
Sixtine Chapel, Vasari's paintings in, illustrative of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 135
Sixtus V., Pope, attitude of, to the murder of the Guises, 121-2 Döllinger's estimate of, 424 St. Dominic entitled by, the First Inquisitor, 558 a strong Pope, 138
Slavery and democracy, 63
Slavery, general extinction of, in Europe in Middle Ages, 39 principle of, implicit opposition of Stoics to, 25, 26 and practice of, rejected by Essenes, 26
Slavonic races, 245 stationary national character of, 241
Smith, Adam, doctrine of, 57 known in France, 219
Smith, Goldwin, on the Catholic Church in Ireland, 259 on history, success only attribute acknowledged by, 223
Smith, Sir Thomas, on English attitude to the French, after the Huguenot massacres, 144 & note
Socialism, baneful alliance of, with democracy, 92, 93, 98 and slavery, 63
Societies, Epicurean notion that they are founded on contract for mutual protection, 18
Society and government, association and correspondence of, 265
Society of Jesus (see also Jesuits), Arragonese influence in its constitution, 557
Socinians, reason of their persecution, 169
Socinus, partial advocate of toleration, 52
Socrates, 406; on democracy, 71 death of, crowning act of guilt of Athenian government, 12 method of, essentially democratic, 71 records of, 409 view of, on laws of country as sole guide of conduct, 18
Solon, decentralisation of power advised by, to remedy social disorders, 7 doctrine of, that political power should be commensurate with public service, 8 influence of, on democracy, 66, 68 revision of laws of Athens by, 6 good results of his forethought in providing for revision of Athenian constitution, 7, 8
Sophists, doctrine of, 70 their ideas of utilitarianism, 17
Sorbin, Confessor of Charles IX., and the Orleans massacres, 126; his account of the death of Charles IX., 126-7 & note on premeditation of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 112
Soto, on political conscience, 216 cited on assassination as a political resource, 213
Spain (see also Cadiz Constitution), abortive monarchy of (1812), 89 absolute monarchy in, due to appropriation of tribunal of Inquisition, 41 designs against, of Charles IX., utilisation in, of the Protestants, 105, 116 effect on, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124, 143 and the Inquisition, 152 Montalembert's journey to, 425 national character of rejection of French forces and ideas, 281 Parliamentary system of, origin, 34 reasons for persecution in, 170 and representation on Vatican Council, 507 view in, of the planned character of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 124
Spinoza, advocate of passive obedience to the State, 48 interpreter of Machiavelli, 228
Spirit of the American Revolution, what it was, 587; what it was not, 584-5
Spondanus, Bishop, on Gregory XIII., reasons for permitting the Navarre marriage, 128
Stahl, J., 589; injustice of Döllinger to, 391
Stahr, A., cited on historical deductions, 221
Stanley, Dean, considered Vatican Council important to all denominations, 493
State, the (see also Church and State), authority of, excessive in ancient times, insufficient in Middle Ages, 4 free constitution of, free action of Church a test of, 246 limitations of its duties, 3 and religious liberty, 151-3 sole authority according to modern theory, 151 sole care of the Absolutists, eighteenth century, 273
State Church, its connection with the community, 260 of Ireland, Goldwin Smith on, 259
States, boundaries of, as coincident with Nationalities, J.S. Mill on, 285 classic, taking from citizens more than they gave them. 17; vice of, 16 small, drawbacks of, 295
States-General, the, and the Inquisition, 570
Stein, 282
Stenzel, G.A.H., cited on political expediency, 222
Stephen, Leslie, cited on philosophy of history based on truth, 223
Stewart, Dugald, praise of Machiavelli, 224
Stoics, their emancipation of mankind from subjugation to despotic rule, 24 their implied opposition to principle of slavery, 25, 26 their teaching nearest approach to that of Christianity, 24, 25 views of, 73
Stolberg, classed as Ultramontane, 451
Story, on Tocqueville's views of the American Constitution, 576 cited on The Federalist, 581
Strappado, the, 569
Strasburg, Senate of, reluctance of, to act harshly to Catholics, 172
Stratagemma, Lo, di Carlo IX., and its author, 129
Strossmayer, Bishop (upon Turkish frontier), 548; absence of, from vote on decree (involving acceptance of Infallibility), 543 demand for reform made by, 536 opposition of, at Vatican Council, 522 protest of, to Vatican Council altered before presentation, harmony restored by, 542 on authority of Vatican Council, 541 on the dogmatic decree, 527, 533 on ungenerous treatment of Protestants, 541
Strozza, Philip, 113 note
Stuart, House of, misrule of, only temporarily foiled under Cromwell, 50 upholders of supremacy of kingship over people, 47
Suarez, revision of MS. of, in Rome, 428
Suffrage, limitations of, effects of, 96 restricted, not always a safeguard of monarchy, 2 universal, of what school the triumph, 590
Sunderland, 410
Sura, Bishop of, 519
Sweden, bishops of, and political assassinations, 217 religion in, Döllinger on, 341-2 working of Protestant theory of persecution in, 170
Swift, Jonathan, 409
Swiss, the, true nationality of, 294-5 Constitution (1874), significant work of modern democracy, 91 reformers, unlikenesses of, to the Saxons, 173
Switzerland, see Historical Philosophy in France and French Belgium and Calvinism in, Döllinger on, 338-9 Cantons of, influence in days preceding French Revolution, 50 progress and success of democracy in, 91 and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 120, 124-5
Sybel, H. von, historical style of, 384 cited on historical deduction, 221
Sylla, invested with dangerous powers, 77
Syllabus, the Archbishop of Paris led by, to urge moderation, 526 the, designed to restore authority to the Church, 492 opinions of Pius IX. collected in, 496-8 opposition controlled by, 524 Prince Hohenlohe opposed to discussing state maxims of, at Vatican Council, 503-4 Symmachus, cited, 196
Synods, Acts of, alleged tampering with, as affecting doctrine of Infallibility, 499
Tacitus, confession of, respecting mixed constitutions, 20
Taine, Henri, Döllinger's ambiguous praise of, 417 influence of, on Döllinger, 434
Talleyrand de Perigord, Charles Maurice, 100 signs of sympathy with idea of nationality shown by, 282-3 cited on Hamilton, 581
Tapparelli, classed as Ultramontane, 451
Taxation of American colonists, opposition of Lords Chatham and Camden to, 55 exemption of clergy from, 34 inseparable from representation, origin of this principle in Middle Ages, 39
Taylor, Sir Henry, on necessity for political subtlety, 219
Téligny and the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 107
Tempesti on Catherine de' Medici and the Massacre of St-Bartholomew, 148
Templars, Döllinger's lecture on, 433 trial of, Lea's conclusions on, 552, 563
Temporal power of the Papacy, 312-13, 352-62, 367-71, 412-16, 422-5 antagonism to, 315-16 Döllinger on, 301-74
Terror, the, see Reign of Terror
Tertullian, language of, which might be taken as Arian, 592
Teutonic races, missionaries the channel of conversion to Christianity, 245 union political more than religious, 244 State and the Church, quarrel between, cause of revival of democracy, 80 tribes, Christianity readily accepted by, 199
Theiner, A., early views of, superseded, 429 Life of Clement the Fourteenth, by, 411 Permission to publish acts of Council of Trent, refused to, by the Pope, 431 skill of, as editor, 421 as source of information on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 102 views of, on Jesuits not in agreement with Döllinger, 411-12
Theognis on domination of oligarchies, 6
Theology in Germany, unique and scientific, 317, 347-51, 376, 471-82 schools of, at Munich, 375, and Tübingen, 376
Theramenes as statesman, 70
Thiers, Adolphe, opinion of Machiavelli's works, 227
Thou, De, and the charge against the Bordeaux clergy, 127 note on the Navarre marriage, 128 reproached for condemning Huguenot massacres, 147
Thucydides on reformed government at Athens, 12
Tocqueville, 400; indictment brought by, against democracy, 93 influence of, on Döllinger's politics, 414 on the inspiration of the American Revolution, 584 on the need for two chambers in a Senate, 575-6 cited on the American federal constitution, 576 on democracy and absolute government, 239
Toledo, Councils of, framework of Parliamentary system of Spain, 34
Toleration, advocacy of, by William Penn, 84 of Anabaptists, varying views of Reformers on, 157, 164, 176 anonymous tract on, against Calvin, 182 Calvinism a danger to, 180 cause and effect of decline of Protestantism, 255 early attitude of Reformers towards, 153-55, 168 in the early church, 186 Edict of, deceitful, of Charles IX., 117 Maryland an example of, 187 as a political principle, reasons for and against, 252 religious, in Poland, 103 forced upon Protestantism, 187 Protestant theory of, 151 and religious liberty, 152 traditional, attitude to, of Lea, 562 views of Beza on, 146
Tommasini, praise of Machiavelli, 226
Torquemada, 569
Tosti, on Papal Liberty, 313 on Temporal Power, 412
Toulouse, and the Albigenses, 556 Count of, and the Council of Arles, 565
Treitschke, cited on Political Morality, 222
Trent Commissioners and prohibited works, 215
Trent, Council of, 111, 175 intolerance of, reformed by Vatican Council, 493-4 spirit of, 138
Treviso (province), story of, 387
Tridentine Reformation, see Trent, Council of
Tronchin, on Voltaire's death, 215
Tübingen, heresies of, 381 school of positive theology at, 376, 377
Turgot, attempted reforms of, 85 cited on political expediency, 220 views of, on single or double form of Legislature, 576
Turin, Court of, policy of, 445
Turks, Charles IX.'s pourparlers with, 104
Twesten, cited in support of Machiavelli's policy, 229
Tyrol, movement in, against Napoleonic institutions, a national one, 281
Ultramontane school, eminent writers of, two peculiarities of, 451 supersession of, 452
Ultramontanism, see also Döllinger extreme, considered to be keystone of the Church, by Lamennais, 462-3
United States, see America
Unity, aimed at, by English Catholics, 438 change of constitution effected by, in Italy and Germany, 225 of faith in France, enforcement of, aim of the Court, 117 liberty sacrificed to, by Machiavelli, 229 in relation to nationality, 287, 289 and religious liberty, incompatibility of, frequent, 252 necessity for, in Church and State, 252 religious, in relation to religious freedom, 152
Universal suffrage, of what school the triumph, 590
University of Paris and the Inquisition, 570
Ussher, Archbishop, advocate of passive obedience to kings, 47
Utilitarianism in classical ages, 17
Utrecht Psalter, story of, 551
Vaissète, 565
Valois, Margaret of, see Navarre, Queen of
Vasari, paintings by, in the Sixtine Chapel, of the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 135
Vatican Council, 431, 492-550 constitution of, 501-11 convened by Pius IX., 492; approbation of Pius IX.'s action in convening, 492-511 decree of, dissatisfaction with, 531 discussion on validity of dicta of, 548 Infallibility, doctrine of, its victory over opposition, 543 letter from German bishops to, on doctrinal points, 517 methods of, reformed to involve admission of Papal Infallibility, 539 opening of, 511 opposition at, 492-511, 525-9 preparations for, 492-511 proceedings of, 527-50 programme of, discussed in _The Reform of the Church in its Head and Members_, 494-6 representation on:-- by Belgium, 507 by England, 506 by France, 504 by Germany, 505 by Italy, 508 by Portugal, 507 by Spain, 507 Strossmayer prevented by, from protesting, 541
Vaticinia Pontificum, Lea's knowledge of, 560
Vauban, Marshal, 48
Vaudois, the, of Provence, extermination of, by Louis XII., 217
Vavasour, Sir Edward, acquaintance of, with Döllinger, 388
Venice, extinction of, as State, 283 not surprised by the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 109; the event celebrated at, 125 and political murders, 213, 214 withdrawal of, from the League, 105, 107 republic of, nature, 49
Vergennes, cited on political judgment, 227
Vergniaud, on the laws in relation to the will of the people, 276
Verona, centre of historical work, 387
Vespucci, 562
Veuillot, Louis, Döllinger on, 428 and the Droit du Seigneur, 566 Montalembert, cited on, 428
Vico, 590
Vienna, Congress of, dynastic interests predominant at, 282-3 effects of, on ideas of nationality, 283
Vienne, Inquisition at, and Servetus, 184
Villari, admiration of Machiavelli, 226
Vinet, 591
Virginia and Maryland, 187
Visconti family, models for Machiavelli, 212
Vitae Paparum Avenionensium, utilised by Lea and others, 559
Vives, toleration taught by, 570
Voltaire, profane criticism of, 218
Waldenses, analogy of Arnold of Brescia with, 559 why they opposed persecution, 563
Waldus, 558
Walpole, Horace, cited on political scruples, 219
Walsingham, English ambassador in France, his reports on the Massacre of St. Bartholomew, 101, 107, 115-16 condemnation by French Catholics as a whole, 143
War, art of, no national feeling in, till after 1789., 274 of Deliverance, new forces evoked by, 282 of 1859, troubles of the Papacy after, 412-14
Wars of religion, end of, 274
Washington, George, 579 political example of, 586
Waterloo, 282
Webster, 584
Weingarten on St. Anthony's life and origin of monasticism, 420
Wesel, English Calvinists at, 170
Wesley, John, Döllinger's tribute to, 395
Westminster, Archbishop of, at Council of Bishops, 1867., 500 on Papal Infallibility, 528
Westphalia, Peace of, and Roman ambition, 323, 324
Whigs, English, and their continental counterparts, attitude of, after Waterloo, 282
Wilberforce, Archdeacon, Döllinger consulted by, 395 Samuel, Bishop of Winchester, story of, 551
Wilkins, 421
Will or sovereignty, the, of the people (see also Democracy), as criterion of right, 271; as above the law, 276; idea of, the parent of idea of nationality, 277 theory of nationality involved in, 287
William III., King of England, and massacre of Glencoe, 218, 410
Windelband, cited on national government, 227
Windischmann (elder), Döllinger's esteem for, 381 public indifference to, 430
Winkelmann on the Inquisition, 426
Wirtemberg, left by Möhler, after publication of Symbolik, 377 Duke of, and the Huguenot refugees, 145
Wiseman, Cardinal, 424, 436 Döllinger consulted by, on mediæval authorities, 390-91 influence of, on the Church of England, and on the Oxford movement, 437-8 literary standing of, 437, 438 position of, universal and local in Catholicism, 437 relations of, with English Catholics, 437, 438 view of, on English theology, 380 work of, at Oscott, 438 on the "covert insinuations" of the Home and Foreign Review, 439-40; the editor's defence of that publication, 440 et seq.
Witt, De, murder of, 410
Wittelsbach, house of, contests of the Empire in the, 275
Würzburg, Bishop of, reform urged by, 495 (city) Döllinger and Platen at, 375
Wycliffe, John, difference between his teaching and Luther's, 271
Ximenes, Cardinal, and the Inquisition, 570
Young Europe, Mazzini's evolution of Young Italy, 286
Young Italy and Mazzini, 286
Zanchini, an Inquisitor, leading authority of the fourteenth century, 559; cited by Lea, 560
Zeller, cited on Anti-Machiavel policy in Prussia, 227
Zimmerman, Wilhelm, and Machiavelli's policy, 227
Zuñiga, Juan and Diego, 123 denunciation by, of French treachery even to heretics, etc., 144
Zürich, the question of toleration in, 174, 175
Zwickau, Saxony, prophets of, Melanchthon's attitude towards, 164
Zwingli, Ulrich, influence of, on politics, 81; influence of environment on him, 173, 177 theory of government, including persecution, 173-4 republican views of, 42
Zwinglian schism, influence of, on Luther, 155
Zwinglians, the, condemned by Melanchthon, 167, 170 note
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HISTORICAL ESSAYS
AND STUDIES
BY THE LATE LORD ACTON, D.C.L., LL.D., ETC. REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Edited with an Introduction by JOHN NEVILLE FIGGIS, M.A., and REGINALD VERE LAURENCE, M.A.
CONTENTS
I. Wolsey and the Divorce of Henry VIII. II. The Borgias and their Latest Historian. III. Secret History of Charles II. IV. The Civil War in America. V. The Rise and Fall of the Mexican Empire. VI. Cavour. VII. The Causes of the Franco-Prussian War. VIII. The War of 1870. IX. George Eliot's "Life." X. Mr. Buckle's "Thesis and Method." XI. German Schools of History. XII. Talleyrand's Memoirs. XIII. The "Life" of Lord Houghton. XIV. A History of the Papacy during the Period of the Reformation. XV. A Short History of Napoleon I. The First Napoleon: A Sketch, Political and Military. XVI. Mabillon et la Société de l'Abbaye de Saint-Germain-des-Prés à la Fin du XVIIe Siècle. XVII. A History of England, 1837-1880. XVIII. A History of the French Revolution. XIX. Wilhelm von Giesebrecht.
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BY THE SAME AUTHOR
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LECTURES ON MODERN HISTORY
BY THE LATE LORD ACTON, D.C.L., LL.D., ETC.
REGIUS PROFESSOR OF MODERN HISTORY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE
Edited with an Introduction by JOHN NEVILLE FIGGIS, M.A., and REGINALD VERE LAURENCE, M.A.
CONTENTS
Introduction
Inaugural Lecture on the Study of History.
LECTURES ON MODERN HISTORY I. Beginning of the Modern State. II. The New World. III. The Renaissance. IV. Luther. V. The Counter-Reformation. VI. Calvin and Henry VIII. VII. Philip II., Mary Stuart, and Elizabeth. VIII. The Huguenots and the League. IX. Henry the Fourth and Richelieu. X. The Thirty Years' War. XI. The Puritan Revolution. XII. The Rise of the Whigs. XIII. The English Revolution. XIV. Lewis XIV. XV. The War of the Spanish Succession. XVI. The Hanoverian Settlement. XVII. Peter the Great and the Rise of Prussia. XVIII. Frederic the Great. XIX. The American Revolution. Appendix I.--Letter to Contributors to the Cambridge Modern History. Appendix II.--Notes to Inaugural Lecture. Index.
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