Opening
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THE
CAMBRIDGE NATURAL HISTORY
EDITED BY
S. F. HARMER, Sc.D., F.R.S., Fellow of King's College, Cambridge; Superintendent of the University Museum of Zoology
AND
A. E. SHIPLEY, M.A., F.R.S., Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge; University Lecturer on the Morphology of Invertebrates
VOLUME I
PROTOZOA
By MARCUS HARTOG, M.A., Trinity College (D.Sc. Lond.), Professor of Natural History in the Queen's College, Cork
PORIFERA (SPONGES)
By IGERNA B. J. SOLLAS, B.Sc. (Lond.), Lecturer on Zoology at Newnham College, Cambridge
COELENTERATA & CTENOPHORA
By S. J. HICKSON, M.A., F.R.S., formerly Fellow and now Honorary Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge; Beyer Professor of Zoology in the Victoria University of Manchester
ECHINODERMATA
By E. W. MACBRIDE, M.A., F.R.S., formerly Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge; Professor of Zoology in McGill University, Montreal
London MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED NEW YORK: THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1906
All rights reserved
And pitch down his basket before us, All trembling alive With pink and grey jellies, your sea-fruit; You touch the strange lumps, And mouths gape there, eyes open, all manner Of horns and of humps.
BROWNING, The Englishman in Italy
Chapter I
PROTOZOA—INTRODUCTION—FUNCTIONS OF PROTOPLASM—CELL-DIVISION—ANIMALS AND PLANTS 3
Chapter II
PROTOZOA (CONTINUED): SPONTANEOUS GENERATION—CHARACTERS OF PROTOZOA—CLASSIFICATION 42
Chapter III
PROTOZOA (CONTINUED): SARCODINA 51
Chapter IV
PROTOZOA (CONTINUED): SPOROZOA 94
Chapter V
PROTOZOA (CONTINUED): FLAGELLATA 109
Chapter VI
PROTOZOA (CONTINUED): INFUSORIA (CILIATA AND SUCTORIA) 136 PORIFERA (SPONGES)
Chapter VII
PORIFERA (SPONGES)—INTRODUCTION—HISTORY—DESCRIPTION OF HALICHONDRIA PANICEA AS AN EXAMPLE OF BRITISH MARINE SPONGES AND OF EPHYDATIA FLUVIATILIS FROM FRESH WATER—DEFINITION—POSITION IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM 165
Chapter VIII
PORIFERA (CONTINUED): FORMS OF SPICULES—CALCAREA—HOMOCOELA —HETEROCOELA—HEXACTINELLIDA—DEMOSPONGIAE—TETRACTINELLIDA —MONAXONIDA—CERATOSA—KEY TO BRITISH GENERA OF SPONGES 183
Chapter IX
PORIFERA (CONTINUED): REPRODUCTION, SEXUAL AND ASEXUAL—PHYSIOLOGY —DISTRIBUTION—FLINTS 226
COELENTERATA
Chapter X
COELENTERATA—INTRODUCTION—CLASSIFICATION—HYDROZOA—ELEUTHEROBLASTEA —MILLEPORINA—GYMNOBLASTEA—CALYPTOBLASTEA— GRAPTOLITOIDEA —STYLASTERINA 245
Chapter XI
HYDROZOA (CONTINUED): TRACHOMEDUSAE—NARCOMEDUSAE—SIPHONOPHORA 288
Chapter XII
COELENTERATA (CONTINUED): SCYPHOZOA = SCYPHOMEDUSAE 310
Chapter XIII
COELENTERATA (CONTINUED): ANTHOZOA = ACTINOZOA—GENERAL CHARACTERS —ALCYONARIA 326
Chapter XIV
ANTHOZOA (CONTINUED): ZOANTHARIA 365 CTENOPHORA
Chapter XV
CTENOPHORA 412
ECHINODERMATA
Chapter XVI
ECHINODERMATA—INTRODUCTION—CLASSIFICATION—ANATOMY OF A STARFISH —SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT OF ASTEROIDEA 427
Chapter XVII
ECHINODERMATA (CONTINUED): OPHIUROIDEA = BRITTLE STARS 477
Chapter XVIII
ECHINODERMATA (CONTINUED): ECHINOIDEA = SEA-URCHINS 503
Chapter XIX
ECHINODERMATA (CONTINUED): HOLOTHUROIDEA = SEA-CUCUMBERS 560
Chapter XX
ECHINODERMATA (CONTINUED): PELMATOZOA—CRINOIDEA = SEA-LILIES —THECOIDEA—CARPOIDEA—CYSTOIDEA—BLASTOIDEA 579