Part I
Leather work is one of the most interesting of the crafts, first, because the material is so pliable that anyone can work it, and secondly, because any ordinary article can be made by simply following the directions carefully, although each of the various kinds of leather demands a different process.
The equipment necessary is simple, consisting of two special tools costing 50 cents each, one with a narrow edge for lining patterns, and one with broad ends for tooling; and a piece of tin, plate glass, or very smooth hard wood, which should not be smaller than 9 by 12 in. A soft sponge, a triangle, a rule, tracing paper and a hard pencil are also needed.
The first attempt should be made on a piece of Russian calfskin. This may be purchased at any leather store or craft shop and costs about 50 cents a square foot, if cut to measure. Whole skins contain from 8 to 12 sq. ft. and cost about 35 cents a square foot. Calfskin may be had in almost any color.
The coin purse will be the first article described. The size, pattern and design must first be determined. It consists of three parts, the front, back and flap, as shown in the sketch. This purse will require a piece of leather 4 by 8 in., in order to allow an extra 1/4 in. outside of the pattern to pin the leather on the board while transferring the design. The upper flap C folds over the front of the purse D. The design must be divided, the part belonging to C placed on the flap, and the part belonging to the front D, on the lower part of the front.
Take a piece of paper and fold it in accordance with the desired proportions of the purse, taking care that the design for the front D is on the same side of the paper as that of the flap C. The space F under the flap is without any design. The design for the front D is on the lower part of the upper division of the pattern. Fold the part F behind H, and then the part C behind H and F. Turn the pattern over for the proper position of the purse. Draw the entire design on tracing or tough tissue paper. Wet the leather on the wrong or unfinished side with a soft sponge. Pat the leather and endeavor to moisten, but not soak it, with water. On some leather the water, if it comes through, leaves a stain. When the leather is too wet it is very hard to tool, as the tool sticks and makes an uneven background.
Pin the design firmly down against the leather and fasten the leather with thumb tacks on the outer margin. With a hard pencil go over every line of the design with a firm, even pressure. If the leather is properly moistened, this will leave a clear outline of the design when the tracing paper is removed. Then with a lining tool--the tool with the narrow edge--go over the lines on the leather with a strong, firm stroke. Should a line design only be desired, this operation finishes the decoration.
Two other methods may be used: tooling or stamping. The design shown does not go to the edge of the pattern. A margin of at least 1/8 in. between the edge of the pattern and design must be left for tooling and stamping. For tooling, after lining the pattern, use the broad end of the tool and make even, long strokes to press down the background. If the background is not easily pressed down, the leather is too dry. Take it off the board and moisten the back again, move the tool back and forth and around until the background is comparatively smooth. Keep the edges very sharp between parts pressed down and those that remain raised. The depth of pressing down the background is a matter of taste, but it should be tooled down enough to make the design stand out plainly. Fold the parts together and line with silk to match the leather and then stitch up the front and back parts of the purse close to the edge. This can be done on any sewing machine, or by a shoemaker. The circle M in the pattern is the catch or button which can be furnished and put on by a shoemaker, or at a trunk store.
Any ordinary article of leather can be stitched on a sewing machine in the home. To do this successfully the stitch must be long and the needle of a large rather than a small size. Try the stitch on a scrap of leather before sewing the article. If the foot or feed of the machine mars the leather, place tissue paper or a plain piece of paper over the leather and stitch through both. After making the stitch the paper can be pulled away. Use as heavy a silk as the needle will take. The card case, coin purse, stamp case and bags can all be stitched on an ordinary machine, if the above directions are followed. In stitching any soft leather, such as ooze cow or ooze calf, if paper is not put between the leather and the machine, the stitching will stretch the leather. In making bags, instead of stitching on a machine one can punch holes close together with a small punch, and then with strips of leather sew the sides together over and over, or in any manner desired. If no machine is at hand, nor a shoemaker's shop nearby, a large pin or awl may be used to prick holes in the leather, and then the parts sewed together with needle and silk. Use a running or over-and-over stitch. An over-and-over stitch from one end of the seam to the other and back to the beginning of the seam, makes an X-shaped stitch which gives a very good finish.
The second method after tooling is stamping. Line the pattern as described. Purchase a common carpenter's nail set, with the head not too large. The smaller sets fit the patterns better and make smaller circles. Moisten the leather as described. Use a wooden mallet to strike the tool in stamping the background. This may be done either along circular lines or in a more irregular manner, but avoid striking the tool too hard, as too much pressure cuts through the leather. Other stamping tools of good patterns may be purchased at hardware stores or crafts shops.
A needle book or stamp case is another handy article to make in leather. The sketch shows the design. A piece of Russian calf, 6-1/4 by 3-3/4 in., is necessary. This allows 1/4 in. on each side and end for pinning down the pattern. Fold a piece of paper into three parts as A, B and C, the front being A; the back, B, which is folded underneath the part A. The flap C folds up with B and then over A toward the front. When the pattern is open, the design for all parts must be on the same side of the paper. The design for the back B is put on the leather upside down. When the pattern is folded this makes the design upright. The parts A, B and C are equal in length and width. The part C may be cut in any shape desired, but keep the tongue D long and narrow. Make two horizontal cuts in the front A about 3/16 in. apart.
These cuts must be at the same distance from the bottom of the front as the narrowest part of the tongue is from the end. The tongue will then fit the cuts. Make the horizontal cuts a little wider than the tongue. The design is put on the leather in the same manner. It can be worked out in line, tooling or stamping. The parts A and B are sewed together.
The mat illustrated is another useful article and easy to make. Any size may be used, and the method of lining or tooling the design, or both, gives a very beautiful effect.
How to Make a Wood Lathe
A strong, substantial lathe in which wood and light metal articles may be turned can be made by carefully following the description below and the detailed drawings of the parts.
The bed is made of two pieces of straight-grained, smooth, 2 by 4-in. hard wood, 5 ft. long. They are held apart at each end by blocks of wood 2 in. wide. The bed can, of course, be made longer or shorter if desired, but the above dimensions are very satisfactory. The frame of the headstock, Figs. 1 and 2, is made of hard wood. The two end pieces have the dimensions and shape shown. These are fastened with screws to the base.
The base has a slider, a strip of wood 1 in. thick and 10 in. long, wide enough to slide smoothly between the bed pieces, nailed to its bottom, 2 in. from the rear end. Two 1/2-in. holes are bored through the baseboard and slide. Two 1/2-in. bolts are run through these holes and through another slide and board which runs on the under side of the bed.
When the nuts on these bolts are tightened, the headstock is firmly clamped to the bed. A half-round, wedge-shaped piece is fastened with screws in the frame against the front end, to serve as a brace against any strain, and will also add to its appearance. The spindle is of tool steel or steel tubing, 3/4 in. in diameter and 14 in. long. Threads are cut on one end.
A hardened steel collar, 1/4 by 1-1/2 in., is riveted on the spindle so it may turn against another collar of the same size on the headstock. Another collar is fastened with screws to the rear end piece, and a collar with a removable pin is fixed on the spindle. These should be fitted so as to revolve easily against each other and yet have no end play. The bearings are of brass tubing drilled for a spindle. These are inserted and wedged in the headstock, 6 in. from the bed.
Care should be taken to see that they are in line. Small holes are drilled from the top for oil. The pulleys are 2 in. wide with the diameters given in the drawing. They are fastened to the spindle with a removable pin.
A good chuck for this lathe is made, as shown in Fig. 3, of a piece of shafting 1-1/2 in. in diameter and 2-1/2 in. long. A 1/2-in. hole is drilled through its center and one end reamed out and threaded to fit the threads on the end of the spindle. A setscrew is fitted over the 1/2-in. hole. A center for turning wood is also shown. Many centers, drills, etc., can be made of 1/2-in. tool steel.
The tailstock, Figs. 4 and 5, is built up of three pieces of hard wood, 2 in. thick, and one piece, 1 in. thick, shaped as shown. These are held together with four bolts, 7-1/2 in. long. It has sliders and is clamped to the bed in the same manner as the headstock, but only one bolt is used. A handle is welded to the nut. This will make the clamping easy.
A piece of tubing, 2 in. long, is drilled for a 1/2-in. dead center and inserted for 1-1/2 in. between the two upper pieces, as shown in Fig. 6. A hole for a 1/2-in. bolt is bored through the sections so as to allow the bolt to slide freely in the tubing. The top section is taken off and a place chiseled out just back of the tube for a 1/2-in. nut. A bolt, 7 in. long and threaded for 2 in. of its length, is turned into the nut and tubing. A handle or wheel is riveted on the end of the bolt. The center is made of tool steel, 1/2 in. in diameter, with a tapering point. Other centers can be made of 1/2-in, tool steel.
The tool rest, Figs. 7, 8 and 9, has a slide, 3/4 by 3 by 13 in., with a slot 1/2 by 6 in. The base of the rest is bolted on this slide so it can be adjusted. The rest is fastened on this base with screws. The height of the rest can be varied. It can be raised or lowered by inserting wedges between the slide and the rest base. The tool rest is clamped to the base the same as the tailstock.
The power for this lathe can be supplied by means of a countershaft, although a foot-power arrangement may be attached.--Contributed by E. E. Hulgan, Marion, Ind.
To Reduce the Gasoline Consumption of an Automobile
Quite recently I tried out a method of reducing the consumption of gasoline in my automobile, and, as a result, have higher efficiency without resorting to any of the numerous and exceedingly costly devices on the market.
I procured a piece of wire screen, cut it in the shape of the gasket between the carburetor and the intake manifold, but leaving it blind, that is, with the screen across the inlet. I put this between two gaskets and fastened the whole back in place. The result was an increase of 3 miles per gallon of fuel.--Contributed by W. J. Weber, New York City.
Cutting a Tin Ball from a Child's Finger
A three-year-old child found a globe of tin with a hole cut through the center, and--it is hardly necessary to state--immediately thrust his finger into the hole. But he could not get it out again, and the mother, accompanied by several other small children, brought the screaming child to my office. I found the hole had been punched, which caused three harpoon-like fragments to be carried into the center of the globe.
The mother in her attempt to remove it had caused the sharp points to enter the flesh of the finger in two or three places. Any attempt to pull the ball off, drove the points of the harpoons deeper into the finger, and it was therefore a question of cutting the tin or the finger. But what kind of an instrument could I use on this tin globe?
I had nothing in my case that would cut it. My 35 years of medical experience gave me no help. The tin was as hard and smooth as a glass marble. Yet, it would have been ridiculous to be thus conquered by a tin whistle, so after some meditation I called to mind that I had a pair of heavy tinner's snips in the basement. By using the utmost care I succeeded in cutting a small incision in the round ball, and then with the points of the shears I cut the metal away from the finger.
Such an accident may come under the observation of any parent, and if so, he can use the same method to relieve the child where medical assistance is not near at hand.--Contributed by R. W. Battles, M. D., Erie, Pa.
Child's Seat for Theaters
As children must hold tickets for theaters the same as adults, but the ordinary chair is too low to permit a child to see the performance, an auxiliary seat such as shown in the sketch would sometimes be desirable as it elevates the child so its head will be on a level with those of other spectators. The seat is made of a strip of canvas with eyelets for wire hooks that fit over the arms of the ordinary theater chair. It is necessary to have extra eyelets at one end of the canvas to adjust it to varying widths of seats.--Contributed by W. A. Jaquythe, Richmond, Cal.
Holding Spoon on a Hot Dish
After repeatedly burning my fingers in the attempt to prevent the spoon from sliding into the hot dish, I decided to do a little inventing on my own hook. Taking a clean, straight hairpin I bent it to the shape shown in Fig. 1, and after hooking it over the edge of the dish, I placed the spoon in it as shown in Fig. 2, and my troubles were at an end.--Contributed by Miss Genevieve Warner, Kalamazoo, Mich.
Locating Gas and Electric Fixtures in the Dark
A gas or electric fixture in the center of a room is quite hard to locate in the dark; more so if it is a single-light pendant. The location may be easily found if the fixture is marked as follows: Coat small pieces of cardboard on both sides with phosphorus and suspend them from the fixtures with small wires. No matter how dark the room may be, the phosphorus on the cardboard can be readily seen. The phosphorus is the same as used on matches and can be obtained from any druggist. The phosphorus, being poisonous, should be handled as little as possible, and, after using, should be returned to the water-filled jar in which it was received when bought. If left in the open, it may cause fire.--Contributed by Katharine D. Morse, Syracuse, N. Y.
A Pea-Shooting Gun
The gun consists of only two parts. The barrel may be either a piece of bamboo fishing pole or a section of sweet alder. The spring is a piece of corset steel, such as can be usually found about the home.
Sweet alder can be found in the summer growing along the fences in the country almost anywhere. Find a stalk, about 1 in. in diameter, which is good and straight, and cut it off to a length of 6 or 7 in. Make a ram rod of wood and use it to punch out the pith of the alder, rendering the bore as smooth as possible. An old bamboo pole of like dimensions may be used instead.
Cut out a section of the wood, 2-1/2 in. long, beginning 1-1/2 in. from one end of the tube. The depth of this cut should be almost halfway through the piece. The corset steel is then inserted into the short end of the tube and bent over so that its other end will touch the bottom of the open part of the bore. A nick is made with a knife across the bottom of the bore at this point, to let the spring catch a little. The ammunition is placed before the caught end of the spring, as shown, and discharged by hooking the forefinger over the spring at the point A and pulling backward as when pulling the trigger of a gun.
It is necessary to keep the muzzle elevated a little after the ammunition is placed in position, otherwise the pea will roll out before the spring has a chance to strike it.
Coloring Electric-Light Globes
Often it is desired to produce certain effects in lighting which demand a different-colored light than that given by the modern tungsten lamp. As an example, a soft, mellow light is sometimes desired similar to that given by the old carbon-filament lamp. In such cases it is a great mistake to install the carbon lamps on account of their exceedingly poor efficiency.
The ordinary tungsten lamp has an average efficiency of about 1.2 watts per candlepower, while the carbon-filament lamp requires about 3 watts per candlepower. Therefore, it is much more economical to color the globe of the tungsten lamp so as to produce the required color than to use the carbon lamp. Of course, both lamps must be colored when any color other than a soft, yellow light is desired.
A cheap coloring solution may be made as follows: Soak a small amount of gelatin in cold water for several hours, then boil it and strain it through a piece of fine cloth. While the solution is still hot, add a small quantity of aniline dye of the desired color that has been previously mixed in a small quantity of cold water. The lamps are dipped in the solution and then allowed to cool in a vertical position so that the coating will be more uniform.
A more satisfactory coloring solution may be made from celluloid. Obtain quite a number of old photographic films and remove all the gelatin by washing them in hot water. Then dissolve them in a solution of equal parts of ether and alcohol. Add the coloring solution and dip the lamps. The coating produced by this method is impervious to water.
Support for an Open Book
When a book is laid on a table for reading the pages at the beginning or end, it will not stay open flat on account of the difference in the thickness of the open parts. One person, doing a great deal of reading, uses a small card, with the corner cut out, which is placed under the side of the book having the smallest number of leaves, as shown.
Arts-Crafts Leather Work By Mary C. Scovel
Part II
When laying out designs for leather work, avoid making them too small and intricate. Bold, simple designs are the best. The relation between the shapes of the background and of the design should be well balanced. The design should not be so small that the large background shapes overbalance it. One good way is to let the design partly follow or repeat the contour of the object. If the article be rectangular in shape, let some of the lines of the design follow rectangular lines; and if circular, follow the curves of the circle.
The first piece of leather work considered, will be an artistic cardcase. The foundation of a cardcase is a rectangle. Take a piece of paper 10 by 4-3/4 in. and fold it in the middle, making each side 5 in., then fold in 2 in. on each outside edge toward the center. This last fold makes the pocket of the case. If a deeper pocket is desired, a longer piece of paper must be used, and the fold more than 2 in. Cut out the leather according to the paper pattern and allow at least 1/4 in. for the margin. This gives enough extra material for fastening the leather on a board outside of the pattern. Moisten the leather on the rough or unfinished side. Remember that, as previously stated, Russian calfskin is the best for tooling. Place the folded paper on the right side of the leather, then with a ruler, triangle and lining tool draw the vertical lines where the paper is folded. If the leather is moistened enough, the tool will make a deep line. Make these lines where the leather is to be folded in the center, and for each pocket. Line all around the pattern on four sides to indicate the outside border of the pattern. Note that there are four vertical panels or rectangles, two wide ones and two narrow ones, as the leather lies flat on the board. Select either of the wider rectangles for the front of the cardcase. Transfer the design onto this side. Place the paper on the moistened leather and go over all the lines of the design with a hard pencil. When this is done, take the paper away and deepen the lines of the design with the lining tool. If tooling is desired, use the broad-end tool and press down the background with firm even strokes. Keep the background and edges of the design sharp. If stamping is desired, make rows of small circles, regular or irregular, by using the nail set and a wood mallet. The inside or lining is made of skiver leather or silk. The two center rectangles are the only parts lined. Cut out the piece of silk or leather about 1/16 in. less at the top and bottom of the rectangles and 1/4 in. wider on each side. If leather is used, apply library paste on its back, then place carefully on the inside, smooth it down firmly and put it under a heavy weight to dry. If silk is used, apply the paste around the edges for a width of about 1/4 in., and put it under the weight. The case is then folded and sewed at top and bottom. Cut off the surplus leather about 1/8 in. from the stitches.
The next article is the useful magazine cover, which anyone should delight in making. It requires a piece of leather 11 by 15 in. Allow enough margin to fasten it to the board. Fold the narrow edges together. The design can be placed on either side. A border design bounded by rectangular lines is very suitable. The margin allowed around the design shown in the illustration is 1 in. from the front edge, 1-1/2 in. from the top edge, and 2-1/4 in. from the bottom edge. The design is 5-1/4 in. wide. It is placed on the moistened leather and lined, tooled or stamped as described for the cardcase. The inside of this cover is lined with heavy silk. Allow a 1/4-in. margin to turn in on all four sides. Two strips made of the lining material, 2-1/2 in. wide and 11 in. long, are placed 1-1/2 in. from each side, over the lining on the inside. The lining, strips and the leather are stitched together about 1/8 in. from the edge on all four sides. The strips are to hold the magazine in place as the cover of the book is slipped between the cover and the strip.
Other kinds of leather, such as ooze cow and ooze calf, may be used, but these only allow the method of cutting out the design, as shown in the bag and stampcase. The design is traced on the wrong or smooth side of the leather. Do not moisten the ooze leather. Fasten the leather firmly on the board and cut out the design with a sharp knife. A soft silk is best for the lining. Apply the paste on the leather near the edge of the design and after laying the silk in place, put it under a weight to dry.
The stampcase and handbags are laid out, and the designs made in the same manner as for the cardcase and magazine cover, but instead of stitching the edges on the handbags, they are joined with thongs run through holes cut in the edges of the leather. The stampcase edges are sewed together. Bear in mind that Russian calf is used for tooling and stamping, and ooze cow or calf for perforated designs.
Furnace Electrodes of Lead Pencils
Furnace electrodes frequently consist of carbon rods, and if there is a short gap between them, forming a break in the circuit, the current jumps across that gap, forming an "arc." The intense heat of the arc is used in fusing and melting metals. As large electrodes are necessary for use in furnaces where great masses of metal are melted, so small electrodes are adapted to finer or more delicate work, says Popular Electricity.
As the lead or graphite in a lead pencil is a form of carbon, it will make an excellent electrode for small work. Two ordinary lead pencils, costing only one cent each, may be used. They are first sharpened as if they were to be used for the usual purpose of writing. Then a small notch is cut in one side of each pencil, laying the lead bare at a point about 2 in. from the sharpened end.
A small copper wire is wound around the pencil and into this notch, thereby making contact with the exposed lead or graphite. By means of these small wires the pencils are connected to larger wires, which in turn are connected to a switchboard or source of electric-current supply.
At some place in the circuit there should be a resistance to prevent short-circuiting and also to control the strength of the current. As the wood sheath on the pencils offers sufficient insulation, they may be picked up, one in either hand, and no electrical effect will be felt by the person so doing. If the pointed tips are touched together, a fine little arc, not much larger than the tips of the pencils, will be formed. The temperature of this arc, however, is such that fine wires or small quantities of metal may be melted readily.
These little lead-pencil arcs may be used to fuse very small gold or silver wires, or platinum thermometers, or wires for tungsten or tantalum lamps. The bead or globule of molten metal formed on the end of a fine wire need be no longer than a small-sized grain of sand.
Coat and Trousers Hangers
The hanger is simple in construction and can be easily made by following the dimensions given in the drawing, and the directions given below.
The back is first marked off on a soft-pine board and cut out. The curved edge should be rounded off so as to prevent injury to the coat. The two end pieces are then made, and fastened to the back with screws as shown. The wedge is ripped diagonally from stock and the smaller edge made slightly round. The wedge slides in between the two end pieces, and after the trousers have been put in place, is pushed down until it holds them securely. The hanger is a screw hook turned into the wood, or it may be made of a piece of heavy wire run through a hole in the back and bent over on the bottom edge. The wood may be stained any desired color and then given two coats of shellac.--Contributed by Olaf Tronnes, Wilmette, Illinois.
Mending Broken Fountain-Pen Barrels
Broken fountain-pen barrels may be mended by the use of melted shellac. This can be done by heating some dry shellac and applying it to the fracture. Do not scrape off the surplus shellac, but shape it with a heated iron. A pen with such a repair has been in use for two years.--Contributed by G. D. Whitney, Pittsburg, Pa.
Jig-Saw Blades
The ordinary form of jig-saw blade has a tendency to pull the fiber of the wood in one direction, thereby producing a jagged cut. To overcome this I made several blades with teeth as shown in the sketch. After the downstroke is completed, the teeth A will cut on the upstroke, the teeth B cutting on the downstroke, etc. The upstroke teeth should be a trifle longer than the others and from 4 to 6 in number.--Contributed by Phillip Caflish, Buffalo, N. Y.
Leaded-Glass Panels for Furniture
Certain kinds of furniture may be greatly improved in appearance by the use of simple glazed panels in the door frames. It would be inappropriate to have anything elaborate in a small cabinet for the reception of china as it distracts the attention from the contents, but a simple leaded diapering or pattern of small design, such as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, would be quite in place and have a good effect. For other purposes more elaborate effects can be worked out in deep shades, says Work, London.
A hanging cabinet with leaded panels is shown in Fig. 3. These panels for the doors are in the design shown in Fig. 2. Panels of this design can be used either for furniture or for small windows. The process of making these panels is not difficult and the ordinary workman can form them, the only difficult part being the soldering of the joints.
The beginner should confine himself to plain glazing, the design being formed by piecing together glass of different shades. The method of procedure is to first make a small sketch in color to a scale of about 1 in. to the foot, carefully arranging the parts and colors. A full-sized panel can be drawn from this sketch. The effect of plain glazing depends entirely on the arrangement of the lead lines and the art glass. In the full-sized drawing the shapes are arranged so that they may be easily cut, all long forms being either avoided in the design, or divided by a cross-lead to guard against breakage in the cutting.
Two simple forms of glazing are shown in Figs. 1 and 2. The one shown in Fig. 4 is somewhat different, the top of the panel being decorated with simple curves. This general design is considerably elaborated in Figs. 5, 6 and 7. It is desirable to decorate only a part of a window so that the maximum of light may gain access.
Two simple treatments of a sailing craft are shown in Figs. 8 and 9. The effect of the introduction of this design in one of the panels of a small cabinet is shown in Fig. 1.
An example of plain glazing is shown in Fig. 10. This is a piece of simple leading and yet very effective, involving no difficulty of construction.
For this lead glazing a quantity of strip lead, the section of which is shown in Fig. 11, will be required. This can be purchased from dealers in art-glass supplies. The lead is sold on spools and it must be straightened before it can be worked. This is most easily done by fastening one end and pulling on the other. The glass for this work must be reasonably thin as no advantage is gained by the use of thick material, and it is difficult to cut. A piece of art glass has a right and a wrong side, the side on which the spots and streaks appear is the right side, and it is cut on this side. The tools required are a glass cutter, a heavy knife and soldering appliances.
Sketch out the lines of the design full size on paper, drawing in only one side of a symmetrical pattern and tracing the other. After the design has been prepared, the next step is to make a cutting pattern. To do this, take a piece of tracing cloth and lay it on the drawing. Trace the lines and go over them with a brush dipped in black, making the lines exactly the same thickness as the core of the lead, or the thickness of the distance the glasses are separated from one another, as shown in Fig. 11. Each division is marked for the color it is to be and the paper is then cut into sections on each side of the broad line. These pieces form the patterns for cutting similar shapes from heavy cardboard which serve as templates for cutting the glass.
Proceed to cut the glass by laying a pattern on the right side and scoring around with the cutter guided by the pattern. Little difficulty will be experienced in this work if the general design does not have very irregular shapes.
When the various pieces of glass have been successfully cut and are ready for leading up, arrange them in position on the preliminary sketch, and then measure the outside leads and cut one piece for each side, the lead being cut to fit against the core of the other at the joint, as shown in Figs. 12 and 13. Proceed to cut the lead for the long curves obtaining the length by bending the strips along the lines of the design. As each is cut it will be found convenient to tack it in position on the working table by means of small brads, so as to simplify the measuring and cutting of the other parts. Continue until the panel is complete, when, after truing up, it is ready for soldering. This is done in the usual way but requires extraordinary care to avoid the possibility of melting the lead. The overlapping parts of the leads are pressed well against the glass in each division to keep it from rattling.
In making up the squares and rectangles such as appear in Figs. 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7, lead the long lines first, adding the shorter, horizontal pieces last. The sketch, Fig. 14, will clearly illustrate this part of the work. The sketch shows the starting of the panel, Fig. 5.
Raising Cucumbers on a Trellis
A novelty in cucumber culture, tried recently with great success, is as follows: As soon as the vines are about 18 in. long, stretch wire mesh 24 in. wide on poles alongside the row of plants and train the vines on the wire. The cucumbers will grow larger and the plants will require less care than when they are on the ground.
A Barrel Boat
A boat that any handy boy can easily make is constructed of a barrel which is kept with the opening cut in one side up by two 4 by 6-in. timbers and two tie pieces, 2 by 4 in. The lengths of these pieces will depend on the size of the barrel.
A good watertight barrel should be selected and an opening cut in the center between the hoops, of such a size as to allow the body of the occupant room for handling an oar. The timbers are attached to the barrel with iron straps--pieces of old hoops will do. The two tie pieces are put across the timbers at the ends of the barrel and spiked in place.
The boat is to be propelled with a single, double-end paddle. There is no danger of the boat capsizing or the water splashing into the barrel.
Homemade Wing Nuts
A handle taken from a worn-out faucet, drilled out and threaded for a bolt, makes a good wing nut. A discarded gas-bracket key, cut off on the line AA and with the part within the dotted lines filed out, then drilled and threaded, also makes a good wing nut.
A Spool-and-Ball Puzzle
Procure an empty basting-thread spool and make a hole in its side, at A, just large enough to receive a 1/4-in. steel ball. A piece of celluloid, B, is wrapped around the flanges, as shown, and fastened with small brads. An old negative film, well cleaned, is suitable for the celluloid. Be sure to put the steel ball in before fastening the celluloid in place.
The difficulty of the puzzle is to get the ball into the hole.--Contributed by R. C. Knox, Waycross, Ga.
To Start the Ink Flowing from a Drawing Pen
In order to keep the ink flowing readily from a drawing pen it must be kept clean and not allowed to stand with the ink in the nibs. A good plan is to have a small piece of velvet fastened to the drawing board or upon a small block, conveniently located where the pen may be drawn across it as in making a line. The tuft of the velvet will clean out the partly dried ink between the nibs.--Contributed by H. L. Woodward, Washington, D. C.
A Pencil-Sharpener Stick
Do not discard the sandpaper stick or pencil sharpener used by a draftsman just because all the abrasive sheets have been removed. Make use of it indefinitely by fitting a wedge in one edge, as shown in the illustration, to hold fresh sheets of sand or emery paper. The wedge should fit tightly so that the ends of the abrasive sheet, when wound around the block, will be held tightly. Worn sheets can thus be removed and new ones applied when necessary.--Contributed by Chas. J. La Prelle, Flushing, L. I.
Splice for Round Belts
Sash cords or round belts are easily spliced with a coil spring, and for belts this joint will run smooth and noiseless. The coil should be a close fit on the belt, and after turning one end halfway into the spring, the belt itself is twisted in the reverse direction as many times as there are coils remaining in the spring, before the other end is turned into it to meet the first.--Contributed by F. S. Cummings, Detroit, Michigan.
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When painting wireless instruments use black asphaltum, as it has high insulating qualities.
Amateur Mechanic's Combination Lathe By Joe V. Romig
The thing most desired by a young mechanic is a lathe, but the cost of these machines is usually too high to be considered by the average boy, and consequently he is hampered in executing more difficult work. The combination lathe shown in the illustration comes as near filling the wants of most boy mechanics as could be wished, the attachments making it more than a lathe so that various kinds of work other than turning may be accomplished. The materials necessary are few, and, outside of a few parts, it can be constructed by the average boy at home with ordinary tools.
The material used for the construction of the frame consists of either well seasoned oak or maple, 2-3/4 in. wide and 1-1/2 in. thick. These timbers can be purchased surfaced on all sides, and they must be straight and true to size. The lengths to cut the pieces are given on the general drawing. The end standard at the headstock is cut to the full length so that the upper end is used as a bearing for the headstock spindle. A vise jaw, about 2-1/2 ft. long and of the same kind and dimension material as the frame, is attached with screws made of bolts on the standard, at the tailstock end of the lathe. The feet are made of two boards for each standard, and are of the same material as the frame and 7/8 in. thick. After cutting the pieces to the right length, making sure that the ends are square, and boring the holes to receive the bolts snugly, they are put together, the horizontal pieces for the ways and feet at perfect right angles to the uprights. This will insure the parts running freely in the finished machine. All bolts should be supplied with a washer under both head and nut, and the nuts drawn up tightly.
The headstock extends 7 in. above the upper surface of the ways, thus making a swing of 12 in. One of the standards of the headstock is the extension of the lathe standard, as previously mentioned; the other standard being cut 9-3/4 in. long and attached with bolts between the ways in the same manner as the lathe standards are fastened. A block, 3 in. long, is fastened between these standards to aid in holding them rigid. The bearings for the spindle, which is a piece of steel, 3/4 in. in diameter and about 9 in. long, are made in the upper ends of the standards in the following manner:
A 1-1/4 in. square is laid out on the upper end of each standard, with its center exactly over the center for the shaft, and the wood is cut out to make a square hole, which should be slightly tapering one way or the other toward the center of the standard, to hold the babbitt metal used for the bearing. A 3/8-in. hole is bored, vertically down from the upper end of each standard and in the center, to meet the square hole. This is used as a gate for pouring the melted metal in and later to make an oil hole. Prepare 8 pieces of cardboard to hold the melted metal in the square holes while it cools, by cutting them about 2 in. square and making a hole in the center of each, 3/4 in. in diameter. Two of these pieces are held between the two standards while the shaft is run through them and the square holes. Paint the parts of the shaft used in the bearing with thick white lead, or wrap it with one thickness of writing paper, then line it up perfectly parallel with the ways in both directions and tack the cardboard pieces to the standards. Place the remaining two cardboard disks on the ends of the shaft and tack them to the standards also. Place putty over all the edges and pour melted babbitt metal into the hole at the top. When the metal is cool, remove the cardboard disks and turn the shaft, first in one direction and then in the other, until it can be taken from the bearings. A 1/8-in. hole is then drilled through the metal in the top for an oil hole. The ends of the shaft should be threaded by a machinist, and nuts fitted to it and faced up true. The threads should be cut just long enough to allow the back of each nut to turn freely against a washer placed on the shaft against the standard. A split or solid pulley may be used, as desired, on the shaft between the standards. If a solid pulley is used, it must be slipped on the shaft as the latter is run into the bearings.
The pulley is fastened to the shaft with a pin run through a hole drilled in them. If a small flywheel is attached to the outer end of the spindle it will aid in keeping a steady motion.
The same procedure is carried out in the construction of the tailstock bearings. The standards for this part are about 8 in. long and are bolted at right angles to and between two pieces that rest on top of the ways. The shaft is threaded full length, which should be done in a lathe by a machinist to get a true thread, and the melted metal run on it to make an internal thread in the bearing. A nut is run on the threads of the shaft between the standards, and provided with a small handle for use in locking the shaft when it is set on work between centers. A small handwheel is attached to the back end of the shaft, into the rim of which a handle is set to make the turning easy.
The faceplate consists of a disk of metal, 6 in. in diameter and 1/4 in. thick, attached with 3/16-in. machine screws to a 3/4-in. nut. The disk is drilled in various places to receive ordinary wood screws. The faceplate should be made by a machinist so that the surface of the face can be turned true. The spur center is made of a 3/4-in. nut, drilled in opposite corners for 1/4-in. pins, 1-1/4 in. long.
The drive wheel for this lathe was taken from an old discarded washing machine. Such a wheel is a very common part of various kinds of machinery and usually one that will answer the purpose can be found in a junk pile. One from 20 to 24 in. in diameter will be about right. A 1/2-in. bolt is used for the shaft, which is run through the standard at the headstock end of the lathe from the outside, the threads being previously cut long enough to introduce a nut between the wheel and the standard for clamping the bolt in place. The extending threaded end of the bolt is then supplied with two nuts, one on each side of the wheel hub, and a short piece of pipe is slipped on, to make a bearing over the threads. One of the spokes is drilled and a pin inserted and fastened to receive the upper end of the pitman from the treadle. The wheel is adjusted on the shaft with the nuts on each side of the hub so that its face runs true with the pulley on the headstock. The wheels are connected with a 1-in. leather belt.
The treadle consists of a frame built up of boards and swung in the centers at both ends on 3/8-in. steel rods, for bearing pins, the bearings being made of wood standards with 3/8-in. holes bored in them to receive the pins. The pitman is made of wood, its length being determined by measurement of the distance between the crank pin and the treadle-arm end when both are at their lowest point.
The slide for the rest consists of a 1-in. square steel bar, about 10 in. long, having a hole drilled in one end and threads cut with a 1/2-in. tap. The rest used in this hole is made of a 1/2-in. rod, threaded on one end and bent at right angles on the other. The clamping device for the slide is made of two bars, 1 in. by 3/16 in., fastened to the square bar and extending down between the ways with sufficient ends beneath to attach a wooden clamp block and cam with a handle. This construction is clearly shown in the drawing. If only a lathe is required, the machine would be complete as now described, but the other attachments illustrated will greatly add to its usefulness and the owner will be well repaid by making them.
Attachments
One table is used for the circular saw, planer head, sander, and jig saw, and it is attached on top of the headstock and tailstock standards with bolts, run through the back edge of the board and the ends of two brackets which are screwed to the back edge of the inner standards. Thumb nuts are used on the bolts to aid in making the change quickly. More than one hole is provided in the back edge of the board, so that the tailstock bracket can occupy the right position for the sander or planer head, as the case may be. The holes in the bracket ends should be somewhat larger than the bolt, to allow tilting of the table. An adjusting screw is substituted for the rest, so that the table can be raised or lowered to suit the work in hand.
The circular saw is 5 in. in diameter and should have fine teeth. It is placed on the spindle threads against the nut, and held there with another nut and washer on the end of the spindle. The table is attached over the saw, and the spindle is driven at a high speed.
The planer head is made of a wood block, 9 in. long and 2-3/4 in. square. A 3/8-in. hole is bored through one way near each end, as shown in the drawing, and two steel knives, with 1/2-in. holes coinciding with the 3/8-in. holes in the wood, are made and attached with their edges opposite or projecting diagonally from the corners. The holes in the knives being larger than the bolts, makes the knives adjustable for setting the cutting edges. These knives may be made from an old saw blade, ground to size and one edge beveled and sharpened. A brass plate, with holes to fit the spur center, is fastened in the center of the block, on one end, and the other is centered for the cup of the tailstock screw. The adjusting screw for the table is used to regulate the cut.
The sander is constructed of a wood piece, 9 in. long and 3-3/8 in. in diameter. A groove is cut in one side of the rounding surface to admit the ends of the abrasive which may be fastened there with tacks.
An emery wheel can be used on the spindle in the same manner as the circular saw. Procure a wheel, 5 in. in diameter with a 1/2-in. face and having a lead center. The hole should be bored out and tapped to fit the threads on the lathe spindle, and to have the grinding surface run true, this work should be done in a lathe by a machinist.
The drawings show the construction of the jig-saw attachment. The standard on which the arms are pivoted is made of a 1/2-in. bolt, threaded for its entire length and with a groove cut in the head and nut to receive the arm pivots. A locknut is used beneath the notched nut to hold the adjustment. Two nuts and washers are used near the center of the bolt for clamping the attachment to the table. The pivots are made of sheet metal, bent and drilled as shown. The small projection at each end of the edge is raised slightly by hammering the corner of the metal. These projections prevent the arms from sliding sideways. The clamps for holding the ends of the saw blades are easily made of thin sheet steel, or brass, with a 3/16-in. bolt and washer at the end for the clamp. The tension of the blade is secured by a piece of wire, an eyebolt and a thumb nut, connecting the rear ends of the arms as shown. The frame is driven by the spur center. The pins are removed from the center and a 1/4-in. pin is inserted in one of the holes so that it will project 5/8 in. The pin runs in a slot cut in a brass plate that is attached to the lower arm.
Very serviceable tools can be made of discarded files by grinding them to shape on the emery wheel. Always use a fine whetstone to finish the edge on a woodworking tool.
Hanging a Clothesline Taut
The line is equipped with rings, one at each end, used for convenience in quickly hanging the line, which is then drawn taut with a lever. A screwhook is fastened in one end post and at the other end a screwhook is attached to a lever which is pivoted to the post. The lever should be about 3 ft. long, 1 in. thick, 3 in. wide at one end, and 1-1/2 in. wide at the other, or handle, end. A large wood screw is used to attach it to the post. A pin is placed in the post to hold the lever when the line is drawn taut.--Contributed by Warren E. Crane, Cleveland, Ohio.
A Double Latch for a Door
This latch is suitable for outbuildings, small shops and sheds, as it can be opened from both sides of the door and is easily applied. It consists of a rod of suitable size which is bent in the shape shown in the sketch after the rod is inserted through a hole bored near the edge of the door. The spring of the metal will hold the catch in place.
Maulstick Used as a Ruler
Procure a cork having the same diameter as the knob on the maulstick and make a hole in the center so that it will slide on the stick. This is very handy for using the stick as a ruler, as it forms a sliding rest.
Hinge with a Wide Swing
In constructing a box I needed a hinge that would carry the cover farther away from the top than the ordinary double-leaf hinge. I found that two pieces of 1/4 by 5/8-in. wrought iron, attached in the manner shown, answered the purpose. By using round-head screws it was unnecessary to countersink the metal.--Contributed by James M. Kane, Doylestown, Pa.
A Detachable Clamp for Stairway Handrails
The sketch shows a handrail clamp, or holding device, which is detachable, for use on stone stairways in the winter when there is ice or snow on the steps. The clamps are made of 3/16-in strap iron, of any desired width, conforming to the shape of the balustrade and provided with a hook at either end. To the inside end of the band an upright is riveted and to this upright is riveted an ordinary handrail holder to take the handrail. A heavy thumb screw allows the clamp to be fastened firmly to the balustrade at the outside. This is a simple and inexpensive device which affords protection against falls.--Contributed by John De La Mater, Chicago, Ill.
A Homemade Leather Punch
An empty bottle-neck rifle cartridge can be easily made into a leather punch by grinding the edge of the opening sharp and cutting a hole near the top in one side. The hole is for removing the leather slugs and should be just a little larger in diameter than the inside diameter of the shell. The cartridges can be had in various sizes and almost any size of punch can be made.--Contributed by Merhyle F. Spotts, Shelby, Ohio.
A Wood-Scraper Handle
In using a plain scraper on the surface of wood the task grew exceedingly tiresome and I lightened the tedious work to some extent by making a handle for the scraper. The handle consisted of a piece of wood, 1 in. thick, 3 in. wide, and 6 in. long. A cut was made in the edge of the wood the width of the scraper blade and about 3 in. deep, and a bolt run through a hole bored centrally in the side, about 2-1/2 in. from the lower edge. The blade was clamped in place with the bolt.--Contributed by J. D. Keiley, Yonkers, New York.
Polishing Gunstocks
The fine polish applied to gunstocks and wood parts of tools will not wear well, and if one cares for a fine finish, a much better and more durable polish can be applied as follows: Soak the wood in linseed oil for a week and then rub the surface with an oil-soaked cloth for a short time every day, for a couple of weeks.
A Prick-Punch Center Gauge
A simple instrument for finding and marking the center of shafting, etc., can be easily made of three pieces of sheet brass and a small prick punch.
Take two pieces of stiff sheet brass, 2-1/2 by 3 in. in size, and cut two corners, 1/2 in. square, out at one end of each piece as shown in the sketch. Bend the metal on the dotted line A, until it stands at an angle of 45 deg. The part B should be bent up in the same direction, but at right angles to the plate, while the part C should be bent out only slightly. A hole should be drilled near each corner for rivets. Be sure that the two plates are bent in opposite directions, then rivet them firmly together.
Roll one end of a strip of sheet brass, 7/16 in. wide and 2-3/4 in. long, into a tube large enough to firmly hold a small steel prick punch. Place the opposite end of the brass strip in between the two ends C. These ends should spring together slightly in order to hold the punch D at any height it may be placed. If accurately made, the point of the punch will be exactly in the center of the V-shaped trough.
In use, to find and mark the center of a round bar, it is placed in the trough with the end just touching the point of the punch. The brass holding the punch is raised between the parts C until the point of the punch is brought as near to the center of the shaft as can be judged. Press the point of the punch against the end of the shaft and turn the latter in the trough. If the punch marks a circle the center has not been found. This is corrected by slowly moving the punch up or down until the point ceases to make a circle, then the punch is tapped with a hammer to mark the exact center.
A Whirligig Clapper
A good noise maker for Halloween or any other occasion, can be made by carefully following the directions here given. The box is the first thing to make. It is constructed of wood pieces, 1/2 in. thick, and consists of two ends and two sides. The ends are each 1-1/2 in. square and the sides 1-1/2 in. wide and 6 in. long. These parts are nailed together with the ends lapping the sides.
The ratchet wheel A is a disk of hard wood, 1-1/2 in. in diameter. Its rim is divided into eight equal parts, and notched with a knife as shown. It is placed in the forward end of the box on a wood axle of 3/8-in. diameter to which it is glued. One end of this axle is squared and projects 1 in. beyond the side of the box. The squared end passes through a square hole in the end of the crank C, which is a piece of wood 3/4 in. thick, 1 in. wide and 4 in. long, and is fastened with brads and glue. At the other end of the crank, a similar hole connects with a handle whittled to the shape shown at B.
A flat piece of steel spring, 1/2 in. wide and long enough to reach from the rear end of the box to the teeth of the ratchet wheel, is shaped as shown at D. The spring may be made from a stiff piece of corset steel or bicycle trousers guard. The spring is fastened with a nail through the end and box sides and a second nail passes through the sides over the spring, about 2 in. forward from the first nail. This is to give the spring tension on the teeth.
To operate the clapper, it is allowed to hang straight down, while the right hand grasps the handle and whirls the box in a circle around to the left.--Contributed by C. C. Fraser.
Box Partitions
As I needed a box with a number of narrow partitions and it was impossible to cut grooves for the sections without removing the bottom, I spaced off the places for the partitions with pieces of thin wood and fastened these in place with small nails clinched on the outside of the box. This method was much more rapid and satisfactory than sawing the grooves and cutting them out with a wood chisel.--Contributed by James M. Kane.
Safety Catch for a Flour Bin
A flour bin, counterbalanced to swing closed at all times, is liable to catch the arm of the one taking out flour. To make it safe, I applied the device shown in the sketch. The bin, at rest, is shown in Fig. 1. The safety catch consists of a stick of wood, A, notched at one end, and is pivoted at B on a small bolt. Two stops, C and D, are located on the side of the box to prevent the catch from being thrown out of position when the bin is quickly pulled out. These stops are nails driven into the box side. When the bin is pulled out the catch takes the position shown in Fig. 2. The catch stick should be a little shorter than the distance the bin is pulled out, so that it may be raised to release the bin for its return.--Contributed by O. F. Fouche, Erie, Pa.
A Homemade Whistle
Procure two empty No. 30 gauge brass cartridge shells. Cut one shell 3/8 in. shorter than the other, then flatten and bend them as shown in the sketch. The mouthpiece should be at an angle of 60 deg. File a slot, 3/16 in. in width, about 1/2 in. from the end. File off the flange on the shorter shell so that it will fit snugly against the side of the other and solder them together. A ring may be soldered on the end of the long shell to fasten it on a chain or string. To give the whistle a shrill sound place a large shot in each shell before flattening them.--Contributed by Peter Veneman, Paterson, New Jersey.
How to Emboss Stationery
A person's monogram or any special lettering embossed on stationery is quite expensive. The engraving of the dies by experts commanding high salaries, and the subsequent presswork necessary to give relief to the design upon the paper cause an expense which the economical person hesitates to accept, much as the refinement and individuality of the embossed work may be admired. But there is a way by which almost anyone may emboss stationery at home with one's own design at no expense whatever. The work is easy and the results pleasing, and monograms or lettering thus done will compare very favorably with the printer's work, especially if there is a good design to follow and the work is done with care. A little artistic ability will, of course, aid one in preparing a design, but is not essential, for the letters required may be cut from printed matter and used as a guide for tracing. There is no limit to the varieties of work possible by this process. Single letters, monograms, words or designs are suitable for reproduction in raised characters.
All the materials required for embossing the stationery are the envelope or paper on which the design is to appear, a stylus and a blotter. The paper should be of fair quality. If it is too thin the stylus point is likely to push through it. The linen-finished papers of medium weight and tough texture give excellent results, although almost any grade of good writing paper can be used successfully. As embossing by this process can be done well only through one thickness of paper, in working on envelopes it is best to put the design on the central portion of the flap, or turn it up and make the design in the left-hand corner of the envelope.
The stylus may be any kind of a pencil-like instrument, easy to grip between the fingers, with a hard, smooth point, rounded slightly so that it will not cut the paper. The ordinary bone stiletto, used in embroidering, makes an ideal tool for this purpose. If this is not to be had, a substitute is easily whittled from a piece of hard wood. Even a wire nail, with its point smoothed with a file, may be used, the upper portion being wound with string to afford a better grip.
The blotter should be white, perfectly clean, and of good weight. A thin, hard blotter will not produce a good raised letter as a softer one will. When the surface of a blotter has become covered with creases from repeated use, it should be discarded and a new one substituted.
As it is best to adopt a distinctive form of monogram or design for stationery and to use it without deviation, it should be selected or worked up with care until something is outlined that will suit. With the design settled upon and drawn on a piece of paper, go over it with a soft pencil to deposit sufficient graphite for an impression. Lay the pattern, face down, upon the back of the paper to be embossed, and directly opposite the spot on the other side where the raised characters are to appear. With the handle of a knife or scissors rub over the back of the pattern till the graphite has left the tracing of the design reversed on the writing paper.
The pattern is now laid aside until required for transferring the design to another sheet of writing paper. Lay the blotter on some smooth, hard surface, such as a desk leaf or table top and lay the writing paper on the blotter, reversed design uppermost. Hold the stylus firmly at an angle as shown in the illustration and keep the blotter and paper from moving with the other hand. Carefully trace the design, using considerable pressure to insure a good relief upon the opposite side of the paper. A soft eraser should be used to remove the guide marks on the back of the sheet when the relief is finished.
After a little practice with a certain design, if it is not too intricate, the operator will find that it can be reproduced quite faithfully freehand, without the use of the pattern, but, of course, the use of the pattern will be the only guarantee of exact duplicates.
A Homemade Hydrometer
The hydrometer is an instrument used in determining the specific gravity of a liquid, such as acids, etc. The specific gravity of any material is the ratio of the weights of equal volumes of the material and water. Thus if a pint of acid weighs 1.2 times a pint of water, its specific gravity is said to be 1.2.
A very simple and inexpensive hydrometer, similar to the one shown in the sketch, may be easily constructed, and will give quite satisfactory results, if the scale on the instrument is carefully marked when it is calibrated.
Purchase from the local druggist or doctor two test tubes, one large enough to contain the other, as shown. The smaller tube is to form the hydrometer proper, while the larger one is to serve as a containing vessel in which the liquid to be tested is placed. The large tube should be mounted in a vertical position, by placing it in a hole bored in a small block of wood, or a suitable metal or wooden frame may be made that will accommodate one or more tubes.
The small tube is loaded at the lower end with a quantity of shot, or other heavy metal, in such a way that it will stand in a vertical position when it is placed in a vessel of water. The amount of the loading will depend upon whether the hydrometer is to be used in determining the specific gravity of liquids heavier or lighter than water. If the liquids are heavier than water, the loading should be such that the tube is almost entirely immersed when placed in water; if lighter, only sufficient loading should be used to make the tube stand upright in water. After the amount of loading has been determined it should be fastened in place by means of a small quantity of calcined plaster. A small cork should now be placed in the open end of the tube, and the tube sealed by coating the end with shellac, or melting a small quantity of resin or sealing wax over the top of the cork with a hot soldering iron.
Now place in the large tube a quantity of as pure water as can be obtained--fresh rain water will answer very well and distilled water still better. Immerse the small tube in the water in the large tube and allow it to come to rest. Make a small mark on the small tube with a file, level with the surface of the water in the large tube. If the hydrometer is placed in a liquid lighter than water and allowed to float, the mark made on the tube will always be below the surface of the liquid in which the instrument is placed, and the mark will be above the surface of the liquid when the liquid is heavier than water.
The hydrometer may be calibrated by making use of a hydrometer borrowed from the druggist or doctor. The two hydrometers should be immersed in the same liquid and the tube of the newly made instrument marked to correspond with the markings on the borrowed instrument. If the liquid is heavier than water to start with, its specific gravity can be reduced by adding water, and as the water is added the hydrometers will both rise.
A Stirring Stick
The stirring, or mixing, stick shown in the sketch deserves its name, as it will stir evenly all the way around. It consists of two flat sticks, one two-thirds the width of the other, which are nailed together as shown. The narrow one is only long enough to enter the depth of the liquid.--Contributed by Frank J. Rempe, Oakland, California.
A Telescoping Support for a Hinged Shelf
The supporting arm of the hinged shelf is constructed of a piece of gas pipe and a length of iron rod which slides snugly into the pipe. A spring catch is set in the pipe at the proper height to engage the end of the iron rod when the shelf is up. This spring must be of good size, as it holds the entire weight of the shelf. A large clock spring is suitable. One end of the spring is bent outward and upward to form a releasing handle. The other end is drilled for the two machine screws which hold it to the pipe. The spring works in a rectangular slot, cut lengthwise of the pipe. The pipe must extend 8 or 10 in. beyond the spring. The ends of the rod and of the pipe are pivoted with screws or rivets on angle pieces screwed to the shelf and wall.--Contributed by Donald A. Price, Wilmington, Del.
A Bug Powder
To secure a nonpoisonous roach and bug powder mix dry 3 lb. plaster of Paris with 2 lb. of sugar, then add 1 oz. of pulverized aniseed. The addition of a little corn meal will help to draw the pests.--Contributed by Loren Ward, Des Moines, Iowa.
How the Capacity of an Incubator may be Doubled
About 10 days after setting the incubator one may easily start another hatch by placing more eggs on top of the incubator in the following manner: Make a pad about 1 in. thick of any cotton material and place it on top of the incubator. Cut four pieces of boards, 1 by 4 in., and fit them around the top of the incubator. Nail them together as in making the sides and ends of a box. Pad the inside of this frame about 1 in. thick and tack it on top of the incubator, being careful that none of the material comes too close to the lamp. Place the eggs inside of this tray and cover them with a pad about 3 in. thick. Turn the eggs the same as those on the inside. When the first hatch comes out, place the eggs kept on top in the incubator after having cleaned it with a solution of carbolic acid.--Contributed by Hattie J. Day.
Homemade Rivet Set
Desiring to rivet some pieces of leather together and having no rivet set, I hastily made one from a strip of heavy sheet tin, 3/4 in. wide. This was rolled at one end, as shown in the sketch, and the other end notched to fit over the rivet end. The rolled end formed the part for setting the washer and the slotted end held the washer down while the first blows of the hammer were struck.
Wash Bottle for Laboratory Use
A large-mouth bottle neck is provided with a stopper, having three brass or glass tubes as shown, the tube A being fitted with a thick piece of rubber tubing, B, stoppered at its lower end. A slit is cut at C, and allows the air blown in through the tube A to pass into the bottle, but will close automatically and hold the pressure within the bottle.
If the relief tube D is closed with the thumb the water is forced out in a steady stream through the nozzle E. The water will continue to run for some time after the lips are removed from the air tube, but the removal of the thumb from the tube D will stop the flow of water instantly.--Contributed by W. Schilling, San Francisco, Cal.
Typewriting on Card Stock
Anyone having tried to typewrite on cards or heavy stock has doubtless experienced much trouble in getting the card to feed properly. If at all heavy, it will resist the curving so strongly that it will not be carried around the platen, and the edge of the card is very apt to catch on the pressure rolls and cause the platen to slip.
The remedy is very simple and consists in running a sheet of paper through ahead of the card until an edge of about 1/2 in. remains, then inserting the edge of the card inside of the projecting edge of the paper and turning the platen. The paper overlapping the card prevents the edge of the latter from catching on the pressure rolls and keeps it in close contact with the platen so that it will pass through without trouble.--Contributed by Thos. L. Parker, St. Paul, Minn.
A Furniture Polish
A homemade furniture polish that will compare with any known polish, is composed of the following chemicals and oils. Mix 3 oz. of turpentine very gradually with 6 oz. of linseed oil, then add 3 oz. of grain alcohol, 3 oz. of 5-per-cent acetic acid, and 1/2 oz. of butter of antimony. Apply with a cloth and use a good friction. As the substance might prove harmful to children if taken internally, see that it is kept out of their reach.--Contributed by Loren Ward, Des Moines, Iowa.
Pointed End on a Hoe
The rounding end on the ordinary hoe is useless in many instances for getting under growing plants, to cut out the weeds and to loosen up the earth. I find that shaping the hoe ends as shown in the sketch is very effective in getting up close to a plant and under spreading vines.--Contributed by R. F. Pohle, E Lynn, Mass.
Starting a Siphon
Roll up a soft rubber hose tightly so that it will be flattened to force out all the air and drop one end into the liquid, then let the coil unwind as it falls down on the outside. The uncoiling causes a slight vacuum in the hose and the liquid follows it up and starts the flow instantly.--Contributed by L. J. Monahan, Oshkosh, Wis.
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Paint spots on window glass can be readily removed with a penny.
A Homemade Blowtorch
The torch shown in the sketch requires no air pump. Instead of forcing a small stream of gasoline into a heated burner it converts the gasoline into gas in the chamber and blows a small jet of it through a very small hole into the combustion chamber.
A medium-sized and strong oilcan is used for the reservoir, the spout being cut off close to the screw part and a steel or brass tube, about 5/16 in. in diameter, soldered to the stub end. The tube is bent as shown. A piece of wicking is drawn into the tube so that the upper end is within 1/4 in. of the tube end. The end of the tube is then fitted with a piece of brass rod with a very small hole in the center. The hole is made in the following manner: Before the piece is cut from the rod, it is held in a vise and the sharp end of a scriber is carefully driven into the center. A little oil placed on the scriber point will keep it from sticking in the metal. Measure the depth of the hole and cut the rod off just above the point. File the end of the piece cut off with a fine file until the point of the hole is reached. This hole must be so small that light can be barely seen through it.
The combustion chamber is made of a piece of brass tubing driven over the end of the smaller tube on the spout. About 1/2 in. from the back end of the larger tube four or more holes are drilled to admit air to the gas.
Fill the can about three-fourths full of gasoline and allow time for the wick to become saturated to the upper end. Hold a lighted match to the rear of the burner, and the heat will convert the gasoline into gas which will then burn with a nice white flame about 1 in. long. The success of the torch depends altogether on the fineness of the hole in the end of the tube and the tight soldering of all the joints.
A Rule Gauge
The method of using the thumb as a gauge on a rule in scribing long boards is not always satisfactory, especially if the board has a rough edge. It is always best to have a regular gauge, but in the absence of one, an attachment for an ordinary carpenter's rule can be quickly made from a piece of tin, although one made of sheet brass is better, in appearance as well as for service. Cut out the metal, as shown by the dimensions, and roll the two sides up, stopping at the dotted lines. The ends A and B are turned out slightly so that they will slide easily along the edge of the board. The gauge will snap on a rule easily and will stay where it is placed.--Contributed by H. J. Blacklidge, San Rafael, Cal.
A Match Holder
The holder consists of a small box, the same size as a match box, with a sloping spring bottom and spring wires covering the lower part of the front side. One end of the match box is removed and the contents dumped into the holder. The matches fall to the lower sloping edge, where one match at a time can be easily removed.--Contributed by Bert Verne, San Diego, Cal.
Trick Bottles and Glasses By George W. Catlin
The performer presents to his audience two pasteboard covers, one bottle and one glass. Saying that he wishes to secure the safety of the bottle and glass, he places covers over them, cautioning the audience to note carefully which cover incloses the glass and which the bottle. Then he says that, to prevent any misunderstanding as to their positions, it is desired the audience designate which cover holds the glass. The response will be unanimous, "the left" or "the right" as the case may be, but on raising that cover the bottle is exposed. Covering the bottle again, and asking the audience if they were quite sure that their eyes did not deceive them, he states that the glass is really under the cover just lifted and returned to its place. To prove it, the cover is lifted again, to show the glass this time. The changing can be done as often as desired, or will amuse the crowd.
The secret of the trick consists in the use of two covers, two bottles and two glasses, and the manner of performing it is as follows: The bottles are bottomless and of such size as to admit the glass without sticking. A round hole is cut in one side of each bottle, about 2-1/2 in. above the bottom. This can be accomplished in a drill press by using a round copper tube, with fine emery applied to its end, as a drill. The hole should be so placed that a finger will strike the top of the glass when both bottle and glass are set on the same surface. If dark-colored bottles are used, a false bottom can be made and fitted in each bottle above the upper edge of the glass. This bottom can be cemented in place and made liquid-tight, so that some wine may be placed in the bottle and poured into the opposite glass to show that it holds liquid. In doing this part of the trick, make no more changes with the wine in one glass.
Under each cover is a bottle and tumbler, and by pinching the cover, the bottle is made to rise with it, thus leaving the tumbler in view. When it is necessary to show the bottle, just raise the cover, and the bottle covers the glass. When the bottle is lifted from the table, the thumb is inserted in the hole to press the tumbler against the opposite side, where it is held and raised with the bottle. Be sure to keep the side of the bottles with the hole back and away from the audience.
It will be seen that it matters not which cover is mentioned; the performer can show just the article he desires.
CONTENTS
Accounts, Home, Way to Keep, 282 Acid Siphon, 222 Acid Stains, Removing from Cloth, 196 Addressing a Roll of Papers, 369 Advertising Lantern Slides, How to Make, 417 Aerial Propeller, Model Boat with, 207 Aeroplane, Flying Model, for Display, 361 Aeroplane Frames, Braces for, 235 Aeroplane Kite, 111 Aeroplane, Model, Joints for, 275 Air Pencil to Make Embossed Letters, 29 Air Pressure, Relieving, When Closing Record Boxes, 57 Alarm Clock, Mission Frame for, 277 Alarm, Doorbell, 160 Drip-Pan, 178 Fire and Burglar, How to Make, 411 for Sleepwalker, 297 Temperature, 345 to Designate Filled Storage Battery, 253 Amateur Mechanic's Combination Lathe, 447 Amperage of Fuse Wire, Reducing, 322 Anchor Posts for Lawn Swing, 148 Anemometer, Electric, 367 Angling, 59, 69, 73, 79 Anti-Tangle Safety Pin, 272 Ants, To Keep Away from Food, 361 Application for Small Wounds, 304 Arbor, Grape, Built of Poles, 12 Arm, Pincushion for, 288 Armatures for Small Motors, 124 Armatures, Small, Holding for Winding, 118 Arrow Sticks, Planing, 319 Arts-Crafts Leather Work: Part I, 432 Part II, 439 Aspirator, How to Make, 146 Atmospheric Thermo Engine, 120 Attractor for Game Fish, 97 Automatic Valve for Funnel, 317 Automobile, Gasoline Consumption of, To Reduce, 436 Automobile Robe, How to Make, 122 Awning, Combined Shade and, 164
Babbitt Metal, Cores for Use in, 304 Back, Attached, for Photographic Printing Frame, 413 Back Stop for Workbench, 225 Back Thrust Prevented on Skis, 216 Bag, Clothespin, 42 Bait, Live, Pail, 178 Live, Used in Fishing, 261 Baking Bread in Hot Sand, 53 Baking Ovens, To Prevent from Scorching, 298 Baking-Pan Shoes, Adjustable, 129 Balance, Simple, 395 Ball Catch for Cabinet Doors, Homemade, 72 Ball-Clasp Purse, Repairing Broken, 316 Balloons, Toy, Inflating, 167 Bamboo Pole, Uses for, 173 Bank, Homemade Toy, 366 Barn Tools, Hangers for, 155 Barometer, Electric-Light Bulb as, 280 Barrel Boat, 445 Baseball Game, Indoor, 275 Basement Light, Lighting, 156 Bases for Electric Apparatus, Varnishing, 324 Basin, Freezing to Chair, 431 Basket, A Reed, 257 Waste-Paper, 320 Basketball, Removing from Closed-Bottom Receptacle, 266 Bathroom Light, To Operate Automatically, 56 Bathtubs, Removing Black Deposit on, 190 Batteries, Dry, Preserving, 192 Dry, Renewing, 382 Dry, Testing, 266 Battery, Homemade Wet, 340 Bearings for Model Work, 238 Bed for a Camp, 133 Bed Pocket, Utility Home or Traveling, 400 Bed Warmer, Homemade Electric, 154 Bed-Cover Fasteners, 55 Bedroom Cabinet, 163 Bell, Continuously Ringing, How to Make, 381 Bell-Ringing Transformer, Small, Construction of, 348, 352 Bells, Call, Simple Methods of Connecting, 356 Belt, Cartridge, How to Make, 55 Belts, Round, Splice for, 446 Bench, Attaching Vise Jaw to, 176 Lathe, 22 Molding-Sawing Block Used on, 408 Bench Stop, Adjustable, 325 for Planing Thin Boards, 254 Bench Vise, Homemade, 149, 244 Bench with Folding Seats, 158 Bench-Vise Nut, Broken, Substitute for, 143 Bicycle Horn, Mechanical, 195 Bicycle Oil Lamp Changed to Electric Light 78 Bicycle Sprocket, Rear, Removing, 413 Bicycle Wheel, Roller Skate on, 201 Binding Machine, Lantern-Slide, 207 Binding Magazines, 50 Binding Posts on Wet Batteries, Protecting from Corrosion, 252 Bird Cages, Seed Receptacle for, 147 Birds, Turn Feeding Table for, 137 Black Deposit on Bathtubs, Removing, 190 Black, Dull, for Cameras, 163 Blackboard for Children, 51 Blades, Jig-Saw, 442 Razor, Discarded Wafer, Use for, 124 Blank Books, Ruling, 290 Bleaching Ivory, 175 Block, Whetting, 375 Blocks, Falling, How to Make, 392 Blocks of Wood, Small, To Harden, 423 Blowgun, How to Make, 282 Blowpipe, Automatic, 180 Blowtorch, Homemade, 459 Board, Writing, for Children, 325 Boards, Planing Rough-Grain, 235 Boat, Barrel, 445 Ice and Catamaran, 27 Mirror an Aid in Rowing, 121 Model Steam-Turbine, 323 Model, With Aerial Propeller, 207 Paddle-Wheel, How to Build, 105 Boats A Canoe Stove, 103 An Oar Holder, 168 Foot, How to Make, 166 Hand Propeller-Wheel Attachment for Rowboat, 413 Holder for Dory Rudder, 68 How to Build a Paddle-Wheel Boat, 105 How to Build a Skiff, 18 Ice Boat and Catamaran, 27 Mirror an Aid in Rowing a Boat, 121 Rope Oarlocks, 201 Small, Landing for, 237 To Repair a Leak in a Canoe, 149 Bobsled, Four-Passenger Coasting, 24 Guide Ropes on, 155 Inexpensive, 49 Boiling Cracked Eggs, 391 Bolster, How to Make, 182 Bolt, Night, Hinges Used to Substitute, 334 Book Cover, Pocket for Inside of, 238 Book Covering, 300 Book Leaves, Removing Ink Stains from, 418 Book, Support for Open, 438 Bookcase or Closet, Portable and Folding, 296 Bookholder, Adjustable, 224 Bookrack, 261 Folding, 395 Books in Case, Holder for, 247 Books, Removing Finger Marks from, 200 Boring a Clean-Edged Hole, 406 Boring a Long Hole, 420 Bottle, Cover for, 420 Glass, Cutting, 186 Removing Cork from, 295 Bottle-Cap Lifter, 195 Bottle-Opening Trick, 223 Bottle Necks, To Prevent Corks Sticking in 174 Bottles and Glasses, Trick, 460 Bottles, Medicine, Time Indicator for, 138 Poison, Simple Way to Mark, 126 Box, Camp Provision, 95 Box Partitions, 454 Boxes, Homemade Hinges for, 100 Boy Surveyor: Camera Surveying, 7 Plane-Table Surveying, 1 Plotting a Camera Survey, 13 Brace, Drill Press on Ordinary, 427 Wrist, 144 Braces for Aeroplane Frames, 235 Bracket, Shade-Roller and Curtain-Pole, 318 Bracket, Swinging Electric-Light, 284 Brackets, Towel-Roller, 223 Brake, Prony, for Testing Small Motors, 32 Brass, Cleaner for, 192 Frosting, 185 Brass Articles, Cleaning, 375 Brass Clips, Tool Holders Made of, 414 Brass Rings, Turning, 400 Brass Tubing, Seamless, Small Steam-Engine Cylinders Made from, 396 Bread, Baking in Hot Sand, 53 Bread, Toasting Over an Open Fire, 11 Breaker, Glass, 291 Broom for Sweeping Out Corners in Steps, 295 Broom Holder, Another, 99 Broom, Old, Shaping, 182 Brown Stain for Wood, 189 Brush for Applying Soldering Acid, 283 Brush Handles, Protecting, from Paint, 294 Utilizing Old, 417 Brush Hanger for Dark Room, 156 Brush, Homemade, for Cleaning Upholstered Furniture, 188 To Clean Shellac from, 319 Buckle Tongues, Replacing, 331 Bucket, Ear Repair on, 175 Bucket-Ball Game, 270 Buffer, Finger-Nail, 322 Bug Powder, 457 Bugs Attracted by Light, Catching, 263 Bumper, Rubber, on Water Faucet, 406 Bunsen Burner, Homemade, 318 Small, 308 Burglar Alarm, Fire and, How to Make, 411 Burlap, Needle for Sewing, 151 Burner for Soldering Small Work, 418 Homemade Bunsen, 318 Small Bunsen, 308 Bushing a Stovepipe in a Chimney Hole, 231 Buttonhole Cutter, 414 Buttonholes, Guide for Making, 264
Cabinet, Bedroom, 163 Cabinet Doors, Homemade Ball Catch for, 72 Cabinet, Shaving, Mounted on Adjustable Pedestal, 23 Cabinet Work, Joint for, 251 Calcium Deposits on Glass, Removing, 189 Calculation Trick, Lightning, 101 Caliper Gauge, Vise Used as, 172 Camera, Hand, Telephoto Attachment for, 136 Homemade, Enlarging, 219 Mechanical, 233 Mile-O-View, 213 Multiplying, Attachment for, 221 Ordinary, Stereoscopic Pictures with 346 Camera Shutter, Electrically Operated, 234 Camera Support, 324 Camera Survey, Plotting a, 13 Camera Surveying, 7 Cameras, Dull Black for, 163 Homemade Direct-View Finder for 54 Camp, Bed for, 133 Hanger for, 101 Lantern for, 276 Camp Furnishings, 93 Camp Loom, 107 Camp Provision Box, 95 Camp Stoves, 97 Camp-Fire Utensils, Supports for, 371 Camphor, Experiments with, 391 Camps, 90 Cams, Small, How to Make, 53 Can Covers, Tight-Fitting, Removing, 391 Candle Sconce, Horn, 298 Candle-Shade Holder, 250 Candle, To Automatically Extinguish, 67 Candles, Decorating, 426 Motor Made of, 49 Substitute for, 247 Varnished, Burn Longer, 321 Candy-Floss Machine, How to Make, 268 Cane-Seat Cleaner, 318 Canned Foods, Heated, Relieving Pressure for Opening, 42 Canoe Stove, 103 Canoe, To Repair Leak In, 149 Canvas, Preventing Mildew on, 247 Canvas Shoes, Cleaner for, 289 Carbon Paper, Renewing, 34 Card, Changing Pip on, 67 Magic Change, 133 Card Stock, Typewriting on, 458 Card-and-Coin Trick, 41 Cards, Mind-Reading Effect with, 29 Carrier, for Fishhooks, 269 for Suitcase, 114 Milk-Bottle, 107 Stove-Wood, 237 Carrying Stone Jars, 309 Carrying Two Pails in One Hand, 382 Cartridge Belt, How to Make, 55 Cartridge Shells Used for Electrical Contacts 285 Case, Holder for Books in, 247 Casein Glue, 212 Casting Rod, One-Piece, 59 Castings for Engine Pistons, Pipe Caps Used as, 408 Catamaran, Ice Boat and, 27 Catapult, 132 Catch, Ball, for Cabinet Doors, 72 Safety, for Flour Bin, 454 to Hold Two Joining Doors Open, 77 Caterpillars on Grapevines, Destroying, 94 Cellar-Door Holder, 34 Cement Floors, Footstool for, 119 Cement, Shellac, 50 Center Gauge, Prick-Punch, 453 Centering Gauge, 253 Chain, Novelty, 191 Chair, Bottoms, Reinforcing, 191 Freezing Basin to, 431 Head Rest for, 309 Legs, To Fasten, 243 Post, Repairing Broken Tenon on, 388 Repairing Rocker on, 196 Rocker, Stop on, for Baby, 153 Rockers, Safety Tips on, 296 Chair Swing, 98 Chairs, Refinishing, 376 Chalk Trays, Covering for, 274 Chart, Compass Time, 378 Cherry Pitter, 309 Chickens, Tin Can Used for Watering, 144 Child's Finger, Cutting Tin Ball from, 436 Child's Playhouse, 265 Child's Seat for Theaters, 437 Chime Clock, Electric, 332 Chinese Pagoda, 278 Chisel Edges, Grinding, 322 Chisel Handle, Protector Cap for, 430 Chisel Holder for Whetting, 317 Chisel Rack, 248 Chopper, Poultry-Food, 291 Chopping Block, Stick Holder for, 191 Clamp, Detachable, for Stairway Handrails 452 Emergency, 203 Picture-Frame and Triangle, 230 Used as Vise, 410 Clapper, Whirligig, 453 Cleaner, Cane-Seat, 318 for Brass, 192 for Canvas Shoes, 289 Lamp-Chimney, 125 Wall-Paper, 266, 273 Cleaning an Oilstone, 237 Jewelry, How to, 287 Brass Articles, 375 Clothes by Boiling Them, 289 Dirt from Tufts in Upholstering, 175 Gold and Platinum, 191 Painted or Frescoed Walls, 187 Pearl Articles, 133 Steel of Grease and Stains, 239 Cleaning Bath for Silverware, 355 Cleats on Boards, Substitute for, 322 Clips to Hold Magazine Pages Together, 103 Clock, Electric Chime, 332 Repairing Worn Escapement Wheel of 72 Closet, Bookcase or, Portable and Folding, 296 Closet Holders for Linen, 192 Cloth, Delicate, Removing, Perspiration Stains from, 414 Removing Acid Stains from, 196 Clothes, Cleaning by Boiling, 289 Clothes Peg, Cork-Covered, 182 Wood, 406 Clothes Rack, 166 Clothesline, Double, Supporter for, 288 for Small Goods, 194 Hanging Taut, 451 Clothesline Posts, Folding Arms for, 394 Clothesline Reel, 249 Clothesline Reel, Homemade, 423 Clothespin Bag, 42 Clothespin, Wire, 387 Clothing, To Remove Grease from, 102 To Remove Rust Stains from, 174 Coaster Brake, Repairing, 422 Coaster, Homemade Roller, 159 Coasting Bobsled, Four-Passenger, 24 Coat and Trousers Hangers, 442 Coil Springs, Small, How to Make, 197 Coil, Water-Heating, in Furnace Pipe, 294 Coils, Induction, Testing Out, 19 Coin Box, Mystery, 402 Coin, Worn, Reading Date of, 347 Coins, Display Holder for, 53 Cold-Chisel Guide, 189 Collar Fasteners, 56 Collar Holder, Combination Tie Rack and, 30 Coloring Electric-Light Globes, 438 Colors, Setting, in Fabrics, 223 Comb Cleaner, 188 Compass, Operation of, 387 Pencil, Emergency, 34 Compass Time Chart, 378 Condenser, Variable, 129 Connecting Call Bells, Simple Methods of, 356 Construction of Simple Wireless Telephone Set: Part I, 337 Part II, 341 Construction of Small Bell-Ringing Transformer: Part I--Fundamental Principles, 348 Part II--Construction, 352 Cooking Food in Paper, 168 Cooler for Milk and Butter, 405 Cooling Tube for Laboratory Still, 187 Coop, Poultry, 247 Copying Stand for Photographic Enlarging and Reducing, 232 Cord, Flexible, Adjuster for Electric Flatiron, 406 Cores for Use in Babbitt Metal, 304 Cork, Large, Fitting in Small Bottle, 339 Removing, from Bottle, 295 Cork Puller, 173, 252 Cork-Covered Clothes Peg, 182 Corks-in-a-Box Trick, 335 Corks, To Prevent Sticking in Bottle Necks, 174 Corn Sheller, Hand, 347 Homemade, 150 Corner Cleaner Attached to Scrubbing Brush 12 Corner Joints, Picture-Frame, 176 Corners in Steps, Broom for Sweeping Out, 295 Corrosion, Protecting Binding Posts on Wet Batteries from, 252 Costumer, How to Make, 42 Couch-Cover Corner, Tying Rosette in, 310 Countersink for Wood, Homemade, 154 Coupling, Shaft, 347 Court-Plaster, Liquid, 246 Cover, Detachable Hinged, for Kettles, 123 for Bottle, 420 for Magazines, 344 Slide-Opening, for Plate Holder, 104 Cover Strainer, 149 Covering for Chalk Trays, 274 Covering for Gas-Stove Top, 420 Cradle, Combination Settee Rocker and, 46 Homemade, 273 Crease in Soft Hat, To Keep, 254 Crochet Hook, 325 Croquet Arches, White Rubber on, 121 Croquet Mallets Protected by Metal Rings, 225 Croquet Playing, Night, 251 Crystallization Shown on Screen, 216 Cucumbers, Raising on Trellis, 445 Cup, Paper Drinking, 188 Paper Drinking, How to Make, 346 Curling-Iron Heater, 126 Curtain Hanger, 274 Curtain Stop, 296 Curtain, Stretching, without Frame, 158 Cushion, Screen and Storm-Door, 422 Cuspidor Carrier, 279 Cut Press, Homemade, 327 Cut, Starting Saw, 252 Cutter, Buttonhole, 414 Cutter for Lace Leather, 376 Cutter Made of Wafer Razor Blade, 240 Cyclemobile, 135 Cylinders, Small Steam-Engine, Made from Seamless Brass Tubing, 396
Dampness, Keeping Out, 134 Dark, Locating Droplight in, 123 Dark Room, Brush Hanger for, 156 Photographer's, Drying Towels in, 331 D'Arsonval Galvanometer, 415 Date of Worn Coin, Reading, 347 Decorating Candles, 426 Decoration, Forcing Fruit Blossoms for, 12 Decorative Wood Panels, 58 Demagnetize a Watch, How to, 290 Demagnetizer, Watch, How to Make, 150 Dents in Wood, Raising, 381 Desk, Sloping, Telephone Stand for, 112 Develop Roll Film, Easy Way to, 425 Developing Machine, 236 Developing Tray Made of Tin Can, 121 Developing-Tray Rocker, 224 Dibble, Homemade, 246 Die-and-Box Trick, 141 Dip, Bright, for Metal, 250 Dip-Plating Process, 323 Dish or Floor Mop, Endless, 29 Dish Washing, Summer, 356 Dishpan, Sink a Substitute for, 197 Disk-Armature Motor, 336 Disk-Throwing Pistol, 244 Display, Flying Model Aeroplane for, 361 Display Holder for Coins, 53 Displaying Dye Colors, 244 Displaying Magazines, Holders for, 320 Dissolving Coin Trick, 272 Distance Chart for Wireless Stations, 269 Distance Marker for Printing Photographs, 226 Distilling Apparatus for Water, 112 Dog, Chained, Exerciser for, 117 Dogs, Lathe, 319 Door, Double Latch for, 451 Door Fastener, 163 Door Hinges, Locking Screws in, 102 Door Knobs, Attaching to Locks, 322 Door Stop, 157 Doorbell Alarm, 160 Doorbell, Musical, 329 Doors, Two Joining, Catch to Hold Open, 77 Doorway, Fastening Portière Pole in, 227 Dory Rudder, Holder for, 68 Dovetail Joint, Laying Out, 247 Dowel-Turning Tool, 285 Drafts, Window Ventilator to Prevent, 248 Draftsmen, Amateur, Combination Tool for, 324 Drawer, Automatically Closing, 173 Combination Lock for, 169 Ordinary Table; Secret Compartment in, 364 Drawer Guide, Nonsticking, 383 Drawers, Several, Locking with One Lock, 101 Drawing Instruments, Substitutes for, 146 Drawing Pen, To Start Ink Flowing from, 446 Dressing, Shoe, Waterproof, 325 Drill Press, Homemade, 431 Homemade Hand, 242 on Ordinary Brace, 427 Drill, Small Vertical, How to Make, 426 To Prevent from Catching as It Passes through Metal, 26 Drilling Thin Metal, 406 Drinking Cup, Paper, 188 Paper, How to Make, 346 Drinking Glasses, Separating, 164 Drinking Tube, 92 Drip-Pan Alarm, 178 Drip Pan, Locating Under Refrigerator, 307 Driver, Screweye, 231 Driving Screws, 310 Droplight, Locating in Dark, 123 Dropper and Cork for Medicine Bottles, 248 Dry and Warm Climates, Refrigerator for, 357 Dry Batteries, Preserving, 192 Renewing, 382 Testing, 266 Dry Cell, How to Make, 421 Drying Seeds, 288 Drying Small Laundered Articles, 58 Drying Towels in Photographer's Dark Room, 331 Dustpan, Long Handle for, 243 Dye Colors, Displaying, 244
Ear Repair on a Bucket, 175 Ebony, Imitating on Oak, 193 Edging Flower Beds, 165 Egg Boiler, 190 Egg-Frying Pan, 388 Egg Separator, Homemade, 153 Eggs, Cracked, Boiling, 391 Lifter for Removing from Hot Water 78 Electric Anemometer, 367 Electric Apparatus, Varnishing Bases for, 324 Electric Bed Warmer, Homemade, 154 Electric Chime Clock, 332 Electric Display for Show Window, 52 Electric Fishing Signal, How to Make, 98 Electric Fixtures, Curved, Pulling Wire through, 173 Electric Flatiron, Flexible-Cord Adjuster for, 406 Electric Fountain, 401 Electric Furnace, How to Make, 373 Small, How to Make, 229 Electric Gas Lighter, 376 Electric Heater, How to Make, 407 Electric Horn, 409 Electric Incubator, 343 Electric Indicator, Wind Vane with, How to Build, 305 Electric Lamp Flasher, How to Make, 370 Electric Lamp Reflector for Target, 196 Electric Light, Bicycle Oil Lamp Changed to 78 Electric Light Bracket, Swinging, 284 Electric Light Bulb as Barometer, 280 Electric Light Globes, Coloring, 438 Electric Light Globes, Paper Shades for, 316 Electric Light Mystery, 168 Electric Lights Controlled from Two or More Switches, 276 Electric Motor, Simple, How to Build, 359 Electric Score Board for Indoor Games, 277 Electric Shaving Mug, 385 Electric Stirring-Machine, 165 Electric Switch for Exposing Photographic Printing-Papers, 181 Electric Test for Fixtures, 288 Electric Time Light, 362 Electric Water Heater, 89, 243 Electrical Apparatus-- Alarm to Designate Filled Storage Battery, 253 Armatures for Small Motors, 124 Bed Warmer, Homemade, 154 Bell, Continuously Ringing, How to Make, 381 Bell-Ringing Transformer, Construction of Small, 348, 352 Disk-Armature Motor, 336 Doorbell Alarm, 160 Door Lock, Combination Electrically Operated, 110 Dry Cell, How to Make a, 421 Electric Display for Show Window, 52 Electric Fishing Signal, 98 Electric Stirring Machine, 165 Electric Water Heater, 89 Electrotype Stamp, How to Make an, 419 Galvanometer, D'Arsonval, 415 Galvanometer, Simple, How to Construct a, 389 Fire and Burglar Alarm, How to Make a, 411 Holding Small Armatures for Winding, 118 Musical Doorbell, 329 Pocket Direct-Current Voltmeter, 397 Quickly Made Rheostat, 178 Reversing Switch for Small Motors, 378 Rheostat, How to Make a Small, 393 Rotary Tuning Coil, 372 Series Motor, How to Make a Small, 403 Simple Methods of Connecting Call Bells, 356 Small Shocking Machine, 363 Telegraph Sounder, Homemade, 119 Temperature Alarm, 345 Variable Condenser, 129 Vibrator for Spark Coil, 309 Wet Battery, Homemade, 340 Wire Expansion Meter, 410 Wireless Telephone Set, Construction of Simple, 337, 341 Electrical Contacts, Cartridge Shells Used for, 285 Electrical Testing Instrument for Experimenters, 328 Electrically Ignited Flash Light for Making Photographs, 239 Electrically Operated Camera Shutter, 234 Electrically Operated Door Lock, Combination, 110 Electrodes, Furnace, of Lead Pencils, 441 Electrolytic Interrupter, How to Make, 241 Electroplating, Inlaying-Metals by, 171 Electroplating without a Tank, 234 Electrotype Stamp, How to Make, 419 Ellipsograph, Homemade, 429 Emboss Stationery, How to, 454 Embossed Letters, Air Pencil to Make, 29 Emery-Cloth Holder, 386 Engine, Homemade Steam-Turbine, 180 Engine Pistons, Pipe Caps Used as Castings for, 408 Engine, Thermo, Atmospheric, 120 Enlarging Camera, Homemade, 219 Enlarging Photographs, 217 Enlarging Pictures, 269 Envelope and Stamp Moistener, 431 Envelope, Special, To Make, 67 Eraser Holder, 175 Eraser, Ink, 395 Escapement Wheel of Clock, Repairing Worn 72 Exerciser for a Chained Dog, 117 Exerciser, Homemade, 299 Expansion Meter, Wire, 410 Experiment, Interesting, 302 Interesting Vacuum, 250 Experimenters, Electrical Testing Instrument for, 328 Experiments with Camphor, 391 Exterior Sliding Fly Screen, 231 Extracting a Broken Screw, 134 Extractor, Sliver, 250 Eye Shield for Microscope, 153
Fabrics, Setting Colors in, 223 Falling-Blocks, How to Make, 392 Fastener, Door, 163 Bed-Cover, 55 Collar, 56 Fastening Loose Table Legs, 289 Fastening Screws in Tile and Brick Walls, 292 Faucet, Water, Rubber Bumper on, 406 Feeding-Table, Turn, for Birds, 137 Felt, Mending Break in, 192 Fencing, Poultry, Stretching, 253 Ferris Wheel, Playground, 161 Ferrule, Taper, How to Make, 380 Figures, Puzzle with, 289 File, Inexpensive, 286 Filing Flat Surfaces, 296 Filing Soft Metals, 102 Film-Developing Machine, Adjustable, 208 Film, Roll, Easy Way to Develop, 425 Filter, Automatic, 148 Force, Laboratory, 119 in a Pump Spout, 189 Water, 109 Finder for Cameras, Homemade Direct-View, 54 Finger Marks, Removing from Books, 200 Finger Nail Buffer, 322 Finger Protection on Laboratory Vessels, 170 Finger-Ring Trick, 56 Fire and Burglar Alarm, How to Make, 411 Fireflies, Theatrical Night Scene with Appearance of, 162 Fish, Game, Attractor for, 97 Preventing Loss of, from Covered Baskets, 208 To Hold While Removing Scales, 309 Fish Rake, 423 Fish-Scaling Knife, 182 Fish Stringer, 146 Fishhooks, Carrier for, 269 Carrying in, Cane Pole, 58 Fishing, Live Bait Used in, 261 Fishing-Rod Joints, Holding Together, 201 Fishing-Rod Making and Angling: Part I--A One-Piece Casting Rod, 59 Part II--Various Two and Three-Piece Rods, 69 Part III--Trout Fishing with Fly and Bait 73 Part IV--Trout Fishing with Fly and Bait 79 Fishing Signal, Electric, How to Make, 98 Fishing, Trout, with Fly and Bait, 73, 79 Fitting Large Cork in Small Bottle, 339 Five-Pointed Star, 226 Fixtures, Electric Test for, 288 Gas and Electric, Locating in Dark 437 Flash Light, Electrically Ignited, for Making Photographs, 239 Flash Light Telegraph on Kite Line, 155 Flasher, Electric Lamp, How to Make, 370 Sunlight, for Garden, 179 Flashing Hook, 246 Flat Surfaces, Filing, 296 Flatiron, Electric, Flexible-Cord Adjuster for, 406 Flatiron Holder, Ornamental Metal, 150 Floor or Dish Mop, Endless, 29 Floor Polisher, Homemade, 125 Floor Push Button, 144 Flour Bin, Safety Catch for, 454 Flower Beds, Edging, 165 Flower Trellis, Umbrella Used as, 164 Flowers, Preserving, in Color and Form, 127 Flutter Ring, How to Make, 100 Flying Model Aeroplane for Display, 361 Flymobile, How to Make, 139 Flypaper Holder, 423 Folding Arms for Clothesline Posts, 394 Folding Bookrack, 395 Food, Cooking, in Paper, 168 Food, To Keep Ants Away from, 361 Foot Boats, How to Make, 166 Footstool for Cement Floors, 119 Form, Stocking-Stretcher, 190 Fortune Teller, Mystic, 32 Fountain Attachment for Ordinary Pen, 326 Fountain, Electric, 401 Fountain for Ordinary Pen, 173 Fountain-Pen Barrels, Mending Broken, 442 Fountain Pen, Homemade, 94 Frame for Printing Post Cards from Negatives, 170 Frames, Small Mitered, Gluing, 193 Freezing Basin to Chair, 431 Freezing, To Prevent Poultry Water from, 355 Frosting Brass, 185 Frosting Glass, 243 Fruit Blossoms for Decoration, Forcing, 12 Fruit-Jar Opener, 272 Fruit Jars, Screw-Top, Opening, 125 Fruit Presser, 279 Fruit Stemmer, 94 Funnel, Automatic Valve for, 317 Furnace, Electric, How to Make, 373 Furnace Electrodes of Lead Pencils, 441 Furnace Pipe, Water-Heating Coil in, 294 Furnace, Small Electric, How to Make, 229 Furnishings, Camp, 93 Furniture-- Bedroom Cabinet, 163 Bookrack, 261 Chair Swing, 98 Combination Settee Rocker and Cradle, 46 Costumer, How to Make, 42 Double Top for Table, 78 Folding Bookrack, 395 Footstool for Cement Floors, 119 Jardinière Pedestal, 255 Leaded-Glass Panels for, 443 Mission, Joint for, 384 Reed--A Reed Basket, 257 Shaving Cabinet, 23 Woven-Top Stool, 256 Furniture Polish, 102, 458 for Fine Woods, 216 Fuse Wire, Reducing Amperage of, 322
Galvanometer, D'Arsonval, 415 Simple, How to Construct, 389 Game, Bucket-Ball, 270 Indoor Baseball, 275 Played on Ice, 52 Ring-Throwing, 287 Indoor, Electric Score Board for, 277 Garden-Bed Scarecrow, 365 Garden Roller, 293 Garden, Sunlight Flasher for, 179 Gas and Electric Fixtures, Locating in Dark, 437 Gas Generator, Laboratory, 118 Gas Lighter, Electric, 376 Gas Pipe, Paper, 262 Gas Stove Top, Covering for, 420 Gasoline Consumption of Automobile, To Reduce, 436 Gate, Double-Swing, with Common Hinge, 19 Gate Fasteners, 396 Gate, Self-Closing, 211 Gauge, Attachment for Pocket Rule, 233 Centering, 253 Homemade Marking, 294 Prick-Punch Center, 453 Rule, 459 Gear-Cutting Machine, 424 Generator, Gas, Laboratory, 118 Geometric Principle In Line Division, 326 Glass Bottle, Cutting, 186 Glass Breaker, 291 Glass, Frosting, 243 Removing Calcium Deposits on, 189 Removing Paint from, 298 Glasses, Drinking, Separating, 164 Trick Bottles and, 460 Glaziers' Points, Substitute for, 293 Glider, Ice, 31 Monoplane, How to Make, 115 Paper, That Loops the Loop, 109 Tandem Monoplane, 113 Glue, Casein, 212 Glue-Spreader Holder, 153 Gluing Small Mitered Frames, 193 Go-Cart, Runner for, 287 Gold and Platinum, Cleaning, 191 Graduate Holder, 218 Graduate, Homemade, 192 Graduates, Renewing Markings on, 316 Graining Tools, Homemade, 206 Grape Arbor Built of Poles, 12 Grapevines, Destroying Caterpillars on, 94 Grass Rake, 196 Grease, Removing from Paint, 157 To Remove from Clothing, 102 Green-Corn Holder, 167 Grinder, Kraut and Root, 297 Grinding a Plane Iron, Guide for, 279 Grinding Chisel Edges, 322 Grinding Scissors, 148 Grindstone, Scraping Surplus Water Off on, 188 Guard, Pruning-Saw, 197 Guide, Cold-Chisel, 189 for Grinding a Plane Iron, 279 for Making Buttonholes, 264 for Mill File, 321 Guide Ropes on Bobsled, 155 Guides, Window-Shade, 286 Gun, Pea-Shooting, 438 Gunstocks, Polishing, 452
Hacksaw Frame, Adjustable, 163 Homemade, 426 Hairpin, Fancy, Lock for, 110 Hammer, Double-Claw, for Pulling Nails Straight, 134 Hammock, To Tie, 286 Hand Drill Press, Homemade, 242 Hand Hoe, 147 Handbag Lock, 386 Handballs, Inflating, 365 Handle, Attachment for Sickle, 194 Long, for Dustpan, 243 New Pail-Cover, 177 Scraper, 227 Hunting-Knife, 177 Handrails, Stairway, Detachable Clamp for, 452 Hanger, Curtain, 274 for the Camp, 101 Kitchen Utensil, 100 Hangers, Coat and Trousers, 442 for Barn Tools, 155 Hanging Vase, 102 Hat Hanger, 388 Hat Sweatband, Reducing Size of, 132 Head Rest for Chair, 309 Heater, Curling Iron, 126 Electric, How to Make, 407 Electric Water, 89 Heel Plates, 250 Heliograph, How to Make, 183 Hindoo Sand Trick, 308 Hinge, Small Spring, 291 Strap, Applying, 280 with Wide Swing, 452 Hinges, Door, Locking Screws in, 102 for Boxes, Homemade, 100 Homemade, 358 Used to Substitute Night Bolt, 334 Hoe, Hand, 147 Pointed End on, 458 Holder, Broom, Another, 99 Candle-Shade, 250 Cellar-Door, 34 for Books in a Case, 247 for Garden-Hose Nozzle, 252 for Loose Window Glass, 149 for Milk Card, 170 for Set of Sadirons, 293 for Skates while Sharpening, 54 Green-Corn, 167 Milk-Ticket, 251 Nursing-Bottle, 251 Paper-Bag, 274 Pen and Brush, 287 Pencil, 290 Umbrella, for Display Purposes, 170 Washbasin, 289 Holders for Displaying Magazines, 320 Hole, Boring-Clean-Edged, 406 Long, Boring, 420 Home Accounts, Way to Keep, 282 Hook, Crochet, 325 Flashing, 246 Key-Holder, 147 Hooks, Homemade Snap, 248 Horn Candle Sconce, 298 Horn, Electric, 409 Mechanical Bicycle, 195 Hose Attachment for Watering Window Plants, 298 Hose Nozzle, 242 Hose-Nozzle Handle, 421 Hose Reel, Substitute for, 369 Hot Dish, Holding Spoon on, 437 Houses Made of Poles, 85 Hulling Walnuts, 162, 295 Humidity Indicator, How to Make, 360 Humidor, How to Make, 136 Hunting-Knife Handles, 177 Hurdle, How to Make, 145 Hydroelectric-Power Plant, Small, 314 Hydrometer, Homemade, 456
Ice Boat and Catamaran, 27 Ice-Box Lights, Automatically Controlled, 194 Ice Boxes, To Remove Odors from, 100 Ice, Creeper for Shoe Heels, 124 Game Played on, 52 Glider, 31 Pushmobile Racer for, 428 Illuminating-an Outside Thermometer, 122 Illusion, Optical, 345 Imitating Ebony on Oak, 193 Incubator, Electric, 343 To Double Capacity of, 457 Indicator, Humidity, How to Make, 360 Polarity, 396 Indoor Games, Baseball Game, 275 Bucket-Ball Game, 270 Electric Score Board for, 277 Ring-Throwing Game, 287 Induction Coils, Testing Out, 19 Inexpensive File, 286 Inflating Handballs, 365 Inflating Toy Balloons, 167 Ink Bottle, Pen Rack on, 143 Ink Eraser, 395 Ink Stains, Removing from Book Leaves, 418 Ink, To Start Flowing from Drawing-Pen, 446 Inkstand, Mission Style, 381 Tilting, 300 Inkwell and Penholder, 283 Inkwell Stopper, 196 Inlaying Metals by Electroplating, 171 Insect-Proof Poultry Roost, 422 Iodine Stains, Removing, 55 Iron Holder Knob, Substitute for, 388 Iron, How to Nickel or Silverplate by Friction, 272 Ironing-Board Holder, 302 Ivory, Bleaching, 175
Jardinière Pedestal, 255 Jelly-Straining Stand, 382 Jewelry, How to Clean, 287 Jig-Saw Blades, 442 Joints, for Cabinet Work, 251 for Mission Furniture, 384 for Model Aeroplane, 275 Tenoned, How to Lock, 339
Kettle-Handle Support, 49 Kettle Handle, To Protect from Heat, 144 Kettles, Detachable Hinged Cover for, 123 Key-Holder Hook, 147 Keyhole, Light in, 114 Kitchen Utensil-- Baking-Pan Shoes, Adjustable, 129 Bottle-Cap Lifter, 195 Broom Holder, 99 Cherry Pitter, 309 Cork Puller, 173, 252 Cover for a Bottle, 420 Cover Strainer, 149 Egg Boiler 190 Egg-Frying Pan, 388 Egg Separator, Homemade 153 Fish-Scaling Knife, 182 Fruit Jar Opener, 272 Fruit Stemmer, 94 Grinder, Kraut and Root 297 Hanger for, 100 Kettle Handle, Protecting from Heat, 144 Kettle-Handle Support, 49 Kettles, Detachable Hinged Cover for, 123 Knife Holder on Frying Pan, 295 Lamp-Chimney Cleaner, 125 Lard and Fruit Presser, 279 Lifter for Removing Eggs from Hot Water, 78 Nutcracker, Adjustable, 101 Opening Screw-Top Fruit Jars, 125 Pail-Cover Handle, New, 177 Potato Peeler, 425 Scraper for, 147 Scrubbing Brush, Corner Cleaner Attached to, 12 Skimmer for Bottled Milk, 358 Skimming-Spoon, 391 Soap Shake, 175 Steam, Opening for, in Utensil Cover, 288 Strainer for Milk Pail, 53 Tablespoon End Used as Lemon Squeezer, 225 Vegetable Slicer, 254 Kite, Aeroplane, 111 Kite Line, Cutaway for Toy Parachutes, 308 Flash-Light Telegraph on, 155 Traveler, 228 Toy Parachute Cut-Away for, 372 Kite, War, How to Make, 108 Knife, Fish-Scaling, 182 Knife Handle, Broken, Repairing, 229 Knife Holder on a Frying Pan, 295 Knife, Homemade Palette, 211 Knife, To Make Open Easily, 347 Knives and Glasses, Trick with, 227 Kraut and Root Grinder, 297
Labels, Old, To Make Scratch Pads of, 406 Laboratory Force Filter, 119 Laboratory Gas Generator, 118 Laboratory Still, Cooling Tube for, 187 Laboratory Vessels, Finger Protection on, 170 Laboratory, Wash Bottle for Use in, 458 Lamp, Bicycle Oil, Changed to Electric Light 78 Lamp Chimney Cleaner, 125 Lamp Deception, Wireless-Lighted, 260 Lamp Flasher, Electric, How to Make, 370 Landing for Small Boats, 237 Lantern for Camp, 276 Lantern for Spot and Colored Lights, 209 Lantern Slide Binding Machine, 207 Lantern Slides, Advertising, How to Make, 417 Lard and Fruit Presser, 279 Large Hole in Small Piece of Paper, 317 Latch, Double, for Door, 451 Lathe, Amateur Mechanics' Combination, 447 Bench, 22 Dogs, 319 Filing Small Rods in, 414 Sander Mandrel for, 388 Wood, How to Make, 434 Laundered Articles, Drying Small, 58 Laundry, How to Make Copper Stencil for Marking, 299 Lawn Mower, Lighting, for Use at Night, 310 Lawn Sprinkler, Homemade, 366 Lawn Sprinkling, Nozzle Angle for, 356 Lawn Swing, Anchor Posts for, 148 Lawn-Tennis Marker, 255 Laying Out a Dovetail Joint, 247 Lead Pencils, Furnace Electrodes of, 441 Lead Pipe, Painting, 175 Leaded-Glass Panels for Furniture, 443 Leak in a Canoe, To Repair, 149 Leather, Lace, Cutter for, 376 Leather Punch, Homemade, 452 Leather Punch, Pipe Used as, 138 Leather, Tan, To Color Black, 174 Leather Work, Arts-Crafts, 432, 439 Leaves, Falling, in Nature Scene, 400 Lemon Squeezer, Tablespoon End Used as, 225 Letter Scale, How to Make, 356 Lettering Photographs, 320 Letters, Embossed, Air Pencil to Make, 29 Letters for Marking Bags, Homemade, 254 Level of Liquids, in Vessels, To Maintain Constant, 154 Lifter for Removing Eggs from Hot Water, 78 Light, Bathroom, To Operate Automatically 56 Catching Bugs Attracted by, 263 Electric Time, 362 in a Keyhole, 114 Ice-Box, Automatically Controlled, 194 Spot and Colored, Lantern for, 209 Lighting a Basement Light, 156 Lighting a Lawn Mower for Use at Night, 310 Lighting a Room for Making Photographs, 123 Line Division, Geometric Principle in, 326 Linen, Closet Holders for, 192 Liquid Court-Plaster, 246 Liquids, Heavy, Vent for Pouring, 387 Liquids in Vessels, To Maintain Constant Level of, 154 Lock, Common, Making Less Pickable, 174 Door, Combination Electrically Operated, 110 for a Drawer, Combination, 169 for Fancy Hairpin, 110 Handbag, 386 Window, 320 Lock Keeper, Broken, Repair for, 208 Locking Extension Table, Window Catch Used for, 42 Locking Screws in Door Hinges, 102 Locking Several Drawers with One Lock, 101 Locks, Attaching Door Knobs to, 322 Loom, Camp, 107 Loose-Leaf Pocket Memorandum, Homemade, 283 Loss of Fish from Covered Baskets, Preventing, 208
Machine for Sketching Pictures, 6 Machine Screws, Small, How to Start, 169 Machinery, Oiling Bright Parts of, 248 Magazine Pages, Clips for Holding Together, 103 Magazines, Binding, 50 Cover for, 344 Holders for Displaying, 320 Magic Change Card, 133 Magic String, 165 Magnetic-Suspension Pendulum, 104 Mailing Tube, Homemade, 376 Securing Papers in, 187 Mandrel, Sander, for Lathe, 388 Mantel Picture Frames Made in Plaster, 226 Marble, Repairing, 336 Marker, Lawn-Tennis, 255 Marking Bags, Homemade Letters for, 254 Marking Gauge, Homemade, 294 Markings on Graduates, Renewing, 316 Marks from Basting Threads on Wool, Preventing, 56 Match-Box Holder, Safety, 418 Match Box, Self-Feeding, 335 Match Holder, 459 Match Safe to Deliver One Match at a Time, 285 Maulstick Used as Ruler, 451 Measuring Length of Wire Wound on Spool, 365 Meat Saw and Knife, Combination, 409 Mechanical Aid to Singers, 206 Mechanical Bicycle Horn, 195 Mechanical Camera, 233 Medicine Bottles, Dropper and Cork for, 248 Time Indicator for, 138 Medicine-Spoon Holder, 295 Mending a Break in Felt, 192 Merry-Go-Round Pole, 162 Merry-Go-Round, Skating, 57 Metal, Bright Dip for, 250 Metal Polish, 68 Metal Rings, Croquet Mallets Protected by, 225 Metal, Thin, Drilling, 406 Metals, Inlaying, by Electroplating, 171 Metals, Soft, Filing, 102 Meter, Water, Homemade, 48 Meter, Wire Expansion, 410 Microscope, Eye Shield for, 153 Mildew on Canvas, Preventing, 247 Mile-O-View Camera, 213 Milk and Butter, Cooler for, 405 Milk-Bottle Carrier, 107 Milk-Bottle Tray, 235 Milk, Bottled, Skimmer for, 358 Milk Card, Holder for, 170 Milk Pail, Strainer for, 53 Milk Stool, 384 Milk-Ticket Holder, 251 Mill File, Guides for, 321 Mind-Reading Effect with Cards, 29 Mirror an Aid in Rowing a Boat, 121 Mirror Hinged to Window Casing, 355 Mission Frame for an Alarm Clock, 277 Mission Furniture, Joint for, 384 Mission-Style Inkstand, 381 Miter Box, Picture-Frame, Homemade, 428 Mixing Sulphuric Acid, 278 Model Aeroplane, Flying, for Display, 361 Joints for, 275 Model Boat, with Aerial Propeller, 207 Steam-Turbine 323 Model Work, Bearings for, 238 Moistener, Envelope and Stamp, 431 Stamp, 320 Molding-Sawing Block Used on Bench, 408 Moles, To Prevent from Damaging Growing Seeds, 182 Monorail Sled, How to Make, 50 Mop, Endless Dish or Floor, 29 Mop Wringer, How to Make, 171 Mortises, Guide for Cutting, 422 Mosquitoes, Trapping, 143 Motion-Picture, Camera, and, Projector, Homemade: Part I, 198 Part II, 202 Part III, 204 Motion-Picture Machine, Simple, 321 Motor, Disk-Armature, 336 Made of Candles, 49 Simple Electric, How to Build, 359 Small Series, How to Make, 403 Water, How to Make, 303 Motorboat, Repairing Bruised Sides of, 369 Motors, Prony Brake for Testing Small, 32 Small, Armatures for, 124 Small, Reversing Switch for, 378 Mouse Trap, 178, 229 Multiplying Attachment for Camera, 221 Musical Doorbell, 329 Muskrat Trap, 212 Mysteries, Tricks, Illusions, etc.-- Bottle-Opening Trick, 223 Card and Coin Trick, 41 Changing Pip on a Card, 67 Corks-in-a-Box Trick, 335 Die-and-Box Trick, 141 Dissolving-Coin Trick, 272 Electric-Light Mystery, 168 Finger-Ring Trick, 56 Flutter Ring, 100 Hindoo Sand Trick, 308 Lightning-Calculation Trick, 101 Magic-Change Card, 133 Magic String, 165 Mysterious Revolving Wheel, 152 Mystic Fortune Teller, 32 Optical Illusion, 345 Mysteries, Tricks, Illusions, etc.--"Q" Trick, 360 Ring Trick, 300 Rubber-Band-Change Trick, 284 String-and-Ball Trick, 273 Surprise Water Bottle, 218 Swinging-Pendulum Trick, 280 Trick Bottles and Glasses, 460 Trick of Taking Dollar Bill from Apple, 263 Trick with Knives and Glasses, 227 Tricks Performed with Thumbs Tied Together, 281 Mystery Coin Box, 402 Mystery, Trunk, 267 Mystic Fortune Teller, 32
Nail, Finishing, To Clinch, 34 Name, Writing Reversed on Paper Placed on Forehead, 392 Nature Scene, Falling Leaves in, 400 Needle and Thread Tray, Combination, 72 Needle Box for Talking Machines, 263 Needle for Repairing Screens, 206 Needle for Sewing Burlap, 151 Needle-Spray Nozzle, 418 Negative, To Hold in Printing Frame, 241 Newspaper Holder, Clothespin, 68 Nickel or Silverplate Iron by Friction, How to, 272 Night Bolt, Hinges Used to Substitute, 334 Night Croquet Playing, 251 Nonsticking Drawer Guide, 383 Nozzle Angle for Lawn Sprinkling, 356 Nozzle, Garden-Hose, Holder for, 252 Hose, 242 Needle-Spray, 418 Novelty Chain, 191 Nursing-Bottle Holder, 251 Nutcracker, Adjustable, 101 Nuts, Different-Size, Wrench for, 379 Homemade Wing, 446 Wing, How to Make, 182
Oak, Imitating Ebony on, 193 Oar Holder, 168 Oarlocks, Rope, 201 Odors, To Remove from Ice Boxes, 100 Oil Burner for Cook Stove, 145 Oilcloth, To Prevent from Cracking, 138 Oiling Bright Parts of Machinery, 248 Oilstone, Cleaning, 237 Repairing Broken, 249 Old-Oak Stain, 225 Opener, Fruit-Jar, 272 Opening for Air at Top of Shade, 297 Opening for Steam in Utensil Cover, 288 Operation of Compass, 387 Optical Illusion, 345
Pad for Percolator, 377 Paddle-Wheel Boat, How to Build, 105 Pagoda, Chinese, 278 Pail Cover Handle, New, 177 Pail Hook for Pitcher Pump, 245 Pail, Live-Bait, 178 Pails, Carrying Two in One Hand, 382 Paint Brushes, Care of, 189 Paint, Preserving in Open Cans, 382 Protecting Brush Handles from, 294 Removing from Glass, 298 Removing Grease from, 157 Painted or Frescoed Walls, To Clean, 187 Painting Lead Pipe, 175 Paints and Pastes, Preserving, 418 Palette Knife, Homemade, 211 Pan, Egg-Frying, 388 Panels, Decorative Wood, 58 Leaded-Glass, for Furniture, 443 Pantograph, Homemade, 142 Paper, Carbon, Renewing, 34 Paper Drinking Cup, 188 Paper Drinking Cup, How to Make, 346 Paper Gas Pipe, 262 Paper Glider That Loops the Loop, 109 Paper, Large Hole in Small Piece of, 317 Paper Perforator, 400 Paper Shades for Electric-Light Globes, 316 Paper Smoother and Penwiper, 345 Paper Transparent, To Make, 11 Paper-Bag Holder, 274 Paper-Pulp Utensils, Mending, 375 Papers, Addressing Roll of, 369 Papers in Mailing Tube, Securing, 187 Parachute Cut-Away for Kite Lines, Toy, 372 Partitions, Box, 454 Pearl Articles, Cleaning, 133 Pea-Shooting Gun, 438 Pedestal, Jardinière, 255 Peeler, Potato, 425 Pen and Brush Holder, 287 Pen, Ordinary, Fountain Attachment for, 326 Ordinary, Fountain for, 173 Substitute for, 270 Pen Rack on an Ink Bottle, 143 Pencil Compass, Emergency, 34 Pencil Holder, 290 Pencil Rack, 132 Pencil Sharpener, 237 Pencil Sharpener Stick, 446 Pencil Sharpening Guide, 358 Pencil Stubs, Use for, 104 Pendulum, Magnetic-Suspension, 104 Penholder, Inkwell and, 283 Substitute, 252 Penwiper, Paper Smoother and, 345 Percolator, Pad for, 377 Perforator, Paper, 400 Perspiration Stains, Removing from Delicate Cloth, 414 Photo Printing, Timing, 245 Photo Vignetter, 238 Photograph Prints, Timing, 371 Photograph, Radium, How to Make, 172 Photographer's Dark Room, Drying Towels in, 331 Photographic Appliances and Processes-- Brush Hanger for Dark Room, 156 Camera Support, 324 Developing Machine, 236 Developing Tray Made of Tin Can, 121 Developing Tray Rocker, 224 Dull Black for Cameras, 163 Easy Way to Develop Roll Film, 425 Electric Stirring Machine, 165 Electrically Operated Camera Shutter, 234 Film-Developing Machine, Adjustable, 208 Frame for Printing Post Cards from Negatives, 170 Holding Prints in a Liquid-Filled Tray, 33 Homemade Enlarging Camera, 219 Homemade Motion-Picture Camera and Projector, 198, 202, 204 Lighting a Room for Making Photographs, 123 Mile-O-View Camera, 213 Multiplying Attachment for Camera, 221 Photographic Print Washer, 97 Slide-Opening Cover for Plate Holder, 104 Stereoscopic Pictures with, Ordinary Camera, 346 Tank Development Methods Used in Tray Development, 428 Telephoto Attachment for Hand Camera, 136 To Hold Negative in Printing Frame, 241 Trimming Photographs, 68 View Finder, Direct, for Cameras, 54 Washing Photographic Prints, 92, 168 Photographic, Enlarging, and, Reducing, Copying Stand for, 232 Printing, Frame,, Attached Back for, 413 Printing, Papers,, Electric Switch for Exposing, 181 Print Washer, Simple, 97 Prints, Washing, 92 Tray-Rocking Stand, 228 Worktable for Small Quarters, 215 Photographs, Distance Marker for Printing, 226 Electrically, Ignited, Flash Light for Making, 239 Enlarging, 217 Lettering, 320 Lighting Room for Making, 123 Spirit, 351 Submarine, 375 Trimming, 68 Picture Frame and Triangle Clamp, 230 Picture-Frame Corner Joints, 176 Picture-Frame Miter Box, Homemade, 428 Picture Frames, Mantel, Made in Plaster, 226 Pictures, Enlarging, 269 Machine for Sketching, 6 Magazine, Transferring, 153 Stereoscopic, with Ordinary Camera, 346 Pin Tray, Brass, 299 Pincushion for the Arm, 288 Pip, Changing, on Card, 67 Pipe Caps Used as Castings for Engine Pistons 408 Pipe, Connecting to Sheet Metal, 222 Pipe Used as Leather Punch, 138 Pipes, Frozen, Thawing Out, 387 Pistol, Disk-Throwing, 244 Pitter, Cherry, 309 Plane Iron, Guide for Grinding, 279 Plane, Rabbet, How to Make, 152 Plane-Table Surveying, 1 Planing, Arrow Sticks, 319 Rough-Grain Boards, 235 Thin Boards, Bench Stop for, 254 Plant Shelf for Window, 324 Planting Seeds in Egg Shells, 307 Plants, Watering at Roots, 286 Window, Hose Attachment for Watering, 298 Plaster, Mantel Picture Frames, Made in, 226 Plaster of Paris, Retarder of, 195 Plate Hangers, 233 Plates, Heel, 250 Platinum, Gold and, Cleaning, 191 Playground Ferris Wheel, 161 Playhouse, Child's, 265 Plots, To Enlarge or Reduce, 22 Pocket for Inside of Book Cover, 238 Pocket Memorandum, Homemade Loose-Leaf, 283 Pocket Rule, Gauge Attachment for, 233 Pocket, Utility Bed, Home or Traveling, 400 Pointed End on Hoe, 458 Poison Bottles, Simple Way to Mark, 126 Polarity Indicator, 396 Pole, Bamboo, Uses for, 173 Pole, Merry-Go-Round, 162 Poles, Houses Made of, 85 Polish, Furniture, 102, 458 Furniture, for Fine Woods, 216 Metal, 68 Polisher, Floor, Homemade, 125 Polishing Gunstocks, 452 Pop-Corn Popper, 125 Popgun, Toy, 240 Porch Swing, Springs on Chains of, 47 Portable and Folding Bookcase or Closet, 296 Portière Pole, Fastening in Doorway, 227 Post Cards, Frame for Printing from Negatives, 170 Post, Removable, 273 Postal Cards, Wood, 292 Potato Peeler, 425 Potted Plants, Adjustable Rod for, 379 Poultry Coop, 247 Poultry Fencing, Stretching, 253 Poultry-Food Chopper, 291 Poultry Roost, Insect-Proof, 422 Poultry Shade, 211 Poultry Water, To Prevent from Freezing, 355 Poultry Yards, Automatic Watering System for, 66 Powder, Bug, 457 Power, Light, Windmill for, 307 Power Plant, Small Hydroelectric, 314 Power, Revolving Shaft Without, 274 Power Windmill, 311 Preserving Flowers in Color and Form, 127 Preserving Paint in Open Cans, 382 Preserving Paints and Pastes, 418 Press, Homemade Cut, 327 Presser, Lard and Fruit, 279 Pressure, Relieving,, on Heated Canned Foods for Opening, 42 Prick-Punch Center Gauge, 453 Printing Frame, To Hold Negative in, 241 Prints, Holding In Liquid-Filled Tray, 33 Photographic, Timing, 371 Photographic, Washing, 92, 168 Profiles, Aid in Sketching, 314 Projecting Protractor Readings, 157 Prony Brake for Testing Small Motors, 32 Propeller Wheel Attachment, Hand, for Rowboat, 413 Propellers for Hand Sled, 334 Protection, Finger, on Laboratory Vessels, 170 Protector Cap for Chisel Handle, 430 Protractor Readings, Projecting, 157 Provision Box, Camp, 95 Pruning-Saw Guard, 197 Puller, Staple, 196, 271 Pulling Nails Straight, Double-Claw Hammer for, 134 Pulling Wire through Curved Electric Fixtures, 173 Pulse Beats, Reading, With Sun's Rays, 128 Pump, Pitcher, Pail Hook for, 245 Pump Spout, Filter in, 189 Punch, Homemade Leather, 452 Purse, Puzzle, 236 Push Button, Floor, 144 Pushmobile Race, 130 Pushmobile Racer for Ice, 428 Putty, How to Preserve, 358 Removing Old, 300 Puzzle, Purse, 236 Spool-and-Ball, 446 with Figures, 289
"Q" Trick, 360
Rabbet Plane, How to Make, 152 Race, Pushmobile, 130 Rack, Chisel, 248 Clothes, 166 Pencil, 132 Radium Photograph, How to Make, 172 Raft, Swimming, 200 Rake, Fish, 423 Grass, 196 Razor Blade, Wafer, Cutter Made of, 240 Razor Blades, Discarded Wafer, Use for, 124 Reading Date of Worn Coin, 347 Reducing Amperage of Fuse Wire, 322 Reed Furniture--A Reed Basket, 257 Reel, Clothesline, 249 Homemade Clothesline, 423 Hose, Substitute for, 369 Refinishing Chairs, 376 Reflector, Electric Lamp, for Target, 196 Reflector for Viewing Scenery from Car Window, 212 Refrigerator for Dry and Warm Climates, 357 Refrigerator, Locating Drip Pan under, 307 Reinforcing Chair Bottoms, 191 Removable Post, 273 Removing Basketball from Closed-Bottom Receptacle, 266 Removing Tight-Fitting Can Covers, 391 Renewing Dry Batteries, 382 Repairing, Broken Lock Keeper, 208 Broken Ball-Clasp Purse, 316 Broken Knife Handle, 229 Coaster Brake, 422 Worn Stop Cock, 414 Broken Oilstone, 249 Broken Tenon on Chair Post, 388 Broken Whip, 326 Rocker on Chair, 196 Worn, Escapement Wheel of Clock, 72 Worn Thimble, 326 Resistance-Wire Connections, Small, Welding, 158 Retarder for Plaster of Paris, 195 Reversing Switch for Small Motors, 378 Revolving Shaft Without Power, 274 Revolving Wheel, Mysterious, 152 Rheostat, Quickly Made, 178 Small, How to Make, 393 Ring, Flutter, How to Make, 100 Ring-Throwing Game, 287 Ring Trick, 300 Rings, Brass, Turning, 400 Rivet Set, Homemade, 457 Riveting, Soldering and, 40 Robe, Automobile, How to Make, 122 Rocker, Developing-Tray, 224 Rocker on Chair, Repairing, 196 Rod, Adjustable, for Potted Plants, 379 Rod, Casting, One-Piece, 59 Rods, Small, Filing in Lathe, 414 Rods, Various Two and Three-Piece, 69 Roll of Papers, Addressing, 369 Roller Coaster, Homemade, 159 Roller, Garden, 293 Roller, Homemade Towel, 249 Roller Skate on Bicycle Wheel, 201 Roller Skating, Beginner's Helper for, 120 Rope Oarlocks, 201 Rosette, Tying, in Couch-Cover Corner, 310 Rotary Tuning Coil, 372 Rowboat, Hand Propeller-Wheel Attachment for, 413 Rowing a Boat, Mirror an Aid in, 121 Rubber-Band-Change Trick, 284 Rubber Stamp, Substitute for, 102 Rubber, White, on Croquet Arches, 121 Rubbing Slats for Washing Board, 263 Rudder, Dory, Holder for, 68 Rule Gauge, 459 Ruler, Maulstick Used as, 451 Ruling Blank Books, 290 Runner for Go-Cart, 287 Rust and Corrosion, Preserving Shafting from, 256 Rust Stains, To Remove from Clothing, 174
Sack Holder, 137 Sadirons, Holder for Set of, 293 Safety Catch for Flour Bin, 454 Safety Pin, Anti-Tangle, 272 Safety Tips on Chair Rockers, 296 Safety Match-Box Holder, 418 Sail for a Boy's Wagon, 134 Sander Mandrel for Lathe, 388 Sandpapering Machine, Emergency, 236 Saw and Knife, Combination Meat, 409 Saw Cut, Starting, 252 Sawbuck, Holding Wood in, 177 Scale, Letter, How to Make, 356 Scales, To Hold Fish while Removing, 309 Scarecrow, Garden-Bed, 365 Scene, Theatrical Night, With Appearance of Fireflies, 162 Scenery, Reflector for Viewing from Car Window, 212 Scissors, Grinding, 148 Scissors Sharpener, 143 Sconce, Horn Candle, 298 Scorching, To Prevent Baking Ovens from, 298 Score Board, Electric, for Indoor Games, 277 Scraper, Handle, 227 Kitchen-Utensil, 147 Shoe, 254 Scratch Pads of Old Labels, To Make, 406 Screen and Storm-Door Cushion, 422 Screen, Crystallization Shown on, 216 Screen-Door Spring, Homemade, 218 Screen, Fly, Exterior Sliding, 231 Screen, Tacking on Frame, 296 Screens, Needle for Repairing, 206 Screw, Broken, Extracting, 134 Screw, Small Vise, How to Make, 295 Screweye Driver, 231 Screws, Driving, 310 in Tile and Brick Walls, Fastening 292 Locking, in Door Hinges, 102 Small Machine, How to Start, 169 Scrubbing Brush, Corner Cleaner Attachment for, 12 Secret Compartment in Ordinary Table Drawer, 364 Seed Receptacle for Bird Cages, 147 Seeds, Drying, 288 Growing, To Prevent Moles from Damaging, 182 in Egg Shells, Planting, 307 Self-Feeding Match Box, 335 Settee Rocker and Cradle, Combination, 46 Setting Colors in Fabrics, 223 Sewing-Box, Window-Seat, 186 Sewing Burlap, Needle for, 151 Sextant, Simple, 380 Shade and Awning, Combined, 164 Shade, Opening for Air at Top of, 297 Paper, for Electric-Light Globes, 316 Poultry, 211 Shade Roller, and Curtain-Pole Bracket, 318 Attached to Upper Window Sash, 246 To Prevent from Unwinding 422 Shaft Coupling, 347 Shaft, Revolving, Without Power, 274 Shafting, Preserving from Rust and Corrosion, 256 Sharpener, Pencil, 237 Sharpener, Scissors, 143 Shaving Cabinet Mounted on Adjustable Pedestal, 23 Shaving-Mug, Electric, 385 Sheet Metal, Connecting Pipe to, 222 Sheet Music, Preparing for Turning, 372 Shelf, Cupboard-Door Spice-Box, 185 Easy Way to Make, 220 Hinged, Telescoping Support for, 457 Wire Mesh Used as, 250 Shellac Cement, 50 Shellac, Stick, How to Make, 369 Shellac, To Clean from Brush, 319 Shocking Machine, Small, 363 Shoe Dressing, Waterproof, 325 Shoe Hanger, 425 Shoe Heels, Ice Creeper for, 124 Shoe Pull Made of Eyelet, 292 Shoe Scraper, 254 Shoes, Cleaning and Polishing, 23 Shoes, Stretching Tight-Fitting, 377 Shoe-Shining Stand, 240 Shoestring End, 291 Show-Window Attraction, Novel, 171 Show Window, Electric Display for, 52 Sickle, Handle Attachment for, 194 Signal, Electric Fishing, How to Make, 98 Silverware, Cleaning Bath for, 355 Singers, Mechanical Aid to, 206 Sink a Substitute for Dishpan, 197 Siphon, Acid, 222 Compensating, 396 Starting, 185 To Start, 458 Skates, Holder for While Sharpening, 54 Skates Made of Wood, 30 Skating Merry-Go-Round, 57 Sketching Pictures, Machine for, 6 Sketching Profiles, Aid in, 314 Ski Staff, How to Make, 51 Skiff, How to Build, 18 Skimmer for Bottled Milk, 358 Skimming Spoon, 391 Skis, Back Thrust Prevented on, 216 Homemade, 420 Sled, Hand, Propellers for, 334 Monorail, How to Make, 50 Steering, 57 Sleepwalker, Alarm for, 297 Slicer, Vegetable, 254 Slide-Opening Cover for Plate Holder, 104 Sliver Extractor, 250 Smoking, To Prevent Torch Lights from, 279 Snap Hooks, Homemade, 248 Snowball Maker, 48 Snowball Thrower, 47 Snowshoes, How to Make and Use Them: Part I--Shapes of Snowshoes, 35 Part II--Making the Shoe, 43 Snowshoes, Shapes of, 35 Soap Shake, 175 Soft Hat, To Keep Crease in, 254 Softening Tone of Talking Machine, 328 Soldering Acid, Brush for Applying, 283 Soldering and Riveting, 40 Soldering Small Work, Burner for, 418 Sounder for Wireless-Telegraph Messages, 384 Sounder, Telegraph, Homemade, 119 Spark Coil, Vibrator for, 309 Spice-Box Shelf, Cupboard-Door, 185 Spirit Photographs, 351 Splice for Round Belts, 446 Splinter, To Remove from Flesh, 319 Spool and Ball Puzzle, 446 Spool, Non-Rolling, 55 Thread, Non-Rolling, 240 Twine, 191 Wire Wound on, Measuring Length of, 365 Holding on Hot Dish, 437 Skimming, 391 Spot and Colored Lights, Lantern for, 209 Spring Hinge, Small, 291 Spring, Homemade Screen-Door, 218 Springboard, 235 Springs on Chains of Porch Swing, 47 Springs, Small Coil, How to Make, 197 Sprinkler, Homemade Lawn, 366 Sprocket, Rear Bicycle, Removing, 413 Squaring Wood Stock, 99 Stain, Brown, for Wood, 189 Old-Oak, 225 Stains, Acid, Removing from Cloth, 196 Iodine, Removing, 55 Rust, To Remove from Clothing, 174 Vegetable, Removing, 176 Stairway Handrails, Detachable Clamp for, 452 Stamp, Electrotype, How to Make, 419 Stamp Moistener, 320 Stand, Shoe-Shining, 240 Telephone, for Sloping Desk, 112 Washtub, 138 Staple Puller, 196, 271 Star, Five-Pointed, 226 Start Small Machine Screws, How to, 169 Stationery, How to Emboss, 454 Steam-Engine Cylinders, Small, Made from Seamless Brass Tubing, 396 Steam-Turbine Boat, Model, 323 Steam-Turbine Engine, Homemade, 180 Steel, Cleaning of Grease and Stains, 239 Steering Sled, A, 57 Stemmer, Fruit, 94 Stencil, Copper, for Marking Laundry, How to Make, 299 Stereoscopic Pictures with an Ordinary Camera, 346 Stick for Lowering Top Sash of Window, 162 Stick Holder for Chopping Block, 191 Stick Shellac, How to Make, 369 Still, Laboratory, Cooling Tube for, 187 Stilts, Adjustable, 11 Stirring Machine, Electric, 165 Stirring Stick, 456 Stocking-Stretcher Form, 190 Stone Jars, Carrying, 309 Stool, Milk, 384 Stool, Woven-Top, 256 Stop Cock, Worn, Repairing, 414 Stop, Curtain, 296 Stop, Door, 157 Stop on Chair Rocker for Baby, 153 Stopper, Inkwell, 196 Storage Battery, Filled, Alarm to Designate 253 Stove, Camp, 97 Canoe, 103 Cook, Oil Burner for, 145 Stovepipe, Bushing in Chimney Hole, 231 Stove-Wood Carrier, 237 Strainer, Cover, 149 Strainer for Milk Pail, 53 Strap Hinge, Applying, 280 Straw Hat, To Hold on Head, 58 Strawberries, Clean, Growing, 133 Stretching a Curtain without a Frame, 158 Stretching Poultry Fencing, 253 Stretching Tight-Fitting Shoes, 377 String and Ball Trick, 273 String, Magic, 165 Stringer, Fish, 146 Submarine Photographs, 375 Substitute for, a Hose Reel, 369 a Rubber Stamp, 102 Broken Bench-Vise Nut, 143 Candles, 247 Cleats on Boards, 322 Glaziers' Points, 293 Iron-Holder Knob, 388 Pen, 270 Penholder, 252 Drawing Instruments, 146 Suitcase, Carrier for, 114 Sulphuric Acid, Mixing, 278 Summer Dish Washing, 356 Sunlight Flasher for Garden, 179 Support, Kettle-Handle, 49 Support, Telescoping, for Hinged Shelf, 457 Supporter for Double Clothesline, 288 Supports for Camp-Fire Utensils, 371 Surprise Water Bottle, 218 Survey, Camera, Plotting a, 13 Surveying, Camera, 7 Surveying, Plane-Table, 1 Surveyor, Boy, 1, 7, 13 Surveyor's Transit, How to Make, 20 Sweatband, Hat, Reducing Size of, 132 Sweeping Compound, 430 Swimming Raft, 200 Swimming--Springboard, 235 Swing, Chair, 98 Swinging-Pendulum Trick, 280 Switches, Electric Lights Controlled from Two or More, 276
Table, Double Top for, 78 Table Legs, Loose, Fastening, 289 Table, Old, Use for, 392 Table Top, Workbench Equipment for, 383 Tablespoon End Used as Lemon Squeezer, 225 Tack Puller, Emergency, 289 Tack Puller, Homemade, 172 Tacking a Screen on Frame, 296 Talking Machine, Needle Box for, 263 Remodeling, 151 Softening Tone of, 328 Tan Leather, To Color Black, 174 Tank-Development Methods Used in Tray Development, 428 Tannin Stains, Removing from Teacups, 255 Taper Ferrule, How to Make, 380 Taps, Small, Making, 197 Target, Electric-Lamp Reflector for, 196 Teacups, Removing Tannin Stains from, 255 Telegraph Code on Typewriter Keys, 313 Telegraph, Flash-Light, on Kite Line, 155 Telegraph Sounder, Homemade, 119 Telephone Stand for Sloping Desk, 112 Telephoto Attachment for Hand Camera, 136 Temperature Alarm, 345 Tennis Net, Tightening, 200 Tenon on Chair Post, Repairing Broken, 388 Tenoned Joint, How to Lock, 339 Tent, Wall Pockets in, 97 Testing Dry Batteries, 266 Testing Instrument, Electrical, for Experimenters, 328 Thawing Out Frozen Pipes, 387 Theaters, Child's Seat for, 437 Theatrical Night Scene with Appearance of Fireflies, 162 Thermo Engine, Atmospheric, 120 Thermometer, Outside, Illuminating, 122 Thimble, Repairing Worn, 326 Thread Spool, Non-Rolling, 240 Threads on Wood Shafts, 291 Tie a Hammock, To, 286 Tie Rack and Collar Holder, Combination, 30 Tie-Pin Holder, 294 Tightening a Tennis Net, 200 Tilting Inkstand, 300 Time Chart, Compass, 378 Time Indicator for Medicine Bottles, 138 Time Light, Electric, 362 Timing Photo Printing, 245 Timing Photograph Prints, 371 Tin Ball, Cutting from Child's Finger, 436 Tin Can Used for Watering Chickens, 144 Toasting Bread Over an Open Fire, 11 Tone of Talking Machine, Softening, 328 Tongue Holder for Boy's Wagon, 193 Tongue of a Shoe, Holding in Place, 238 Tongues, Buckle, Replacing, 331 Tool for Amateur Draftsmen, Combination, 324 Tool Holders Made of Brass Clips, 414 Tools, Homemade Graining, 206 Top, Double, for Table, 78 Torch Lights, To Prevent from Smoking, 279 Torch, Small, 326 Tourniquet, Emergency, 206 Towel Roller, 384 Towel Roller Brackets, 223 Towel Roller, Homemade, 249 Towels, Drying, in Photographer's Dark Room, 331 Toy Balloons, Inflating, 167 Toy Bank, Homemade, 366 Toy Parachute Cut-Away for Kite Lines, 372 Toy Parachutes, Kite-Line Cutaway for, 308 Toy Popgun, 240 Transferring Magazine Pictures, 153 Transformer, Small Bell-Ringing, Construction of, 348, 352 Transit, Surveyor's, How to Make, 20 Transparent Paper, To Make, 11 Trap, Mouse, 178, 229 Muskrat, 212 Traveler, Kite-Line, 228 Tray, Brass Pin, 392 Combination Needle and Thread, 72 Developing, Made of Tin Can, 121 Holding Prints in Liquid-Filled, 33 Milk-Bottle, 235 Tray Development, Tank-Development Methods Used in, 428 Tray-Rocking Stand, Photographic, 228 Trellis, Flower, Umbrella Used as, 164 Trellis, Raising Cucumbers on, 445 Trick, Bottle-Opening, 223 Bottles and Glasses, 460 Card-and-Coin, 41 Corks-in-a-Box, 335 Die-and-Box, 141 Dissolving-Coin, 272 Finger-Ring, 56 Hindoo Sand, 308 Lightning-Calculation, 101 Taking Dollar Bill from Apple, 263 "Q", 360 Ring, 300 Rubber-Band-Change, 284 String-and-Ball, 273 Swinging-Pendulum, 280 Trick with Knives and Glasses, 227 Tricks Performed with Thumbs Tied Together, 281 Trousers Hanger, 391 Trout Fishing with Fly and Bait, 73, 79 Trunk Mystery, 267 Tube, Drinking, 92 Tuning Coil, Rotary, 372 Turning Brass Rings, 400 Twine Ball Holder, Simple, 239 Twine Cutter for Use at Wrapping Counter, 185 Twine Spool, 191 Typewriter Keys, Telegraph Code on, 313 Typewriting on Card Stock, 458
Umbrella Holder for Display Purposes, 170 Umbrella Used as Flower Trellis, 164 Upholstered Furniture, Homemade Brush for Cleaning, 188 Upholstering, Cleaning Dirt from Tufts in, 175 Utensil Cover, Opening for Steam in, 288 Utensils, Camp-Fire, Supports for, 371 Paper-Pulp, Mending, 375
Vacuum Experiment, Interesting, 250 Valve, Automatic, for Funnel, 317 Vane, Wind, 99 Varnish, Removing, 126 Varnished Candles Burn Longer, 321 Varnishing Bases for Electric Apparatus, 324 Vase, Hanging, 102 Vaulting-Pole Attachments, 164 Vaulting-Pole Holder, 361 Vegetable Slicer, 254 Vegetable Stains, Removing, 176 Vent for Pouring Heavy Liquids, 387 Ventilator, Window, to Prevent Drafts, 248 Vessels, Laboratory, Finger Protection on, 170 Vibrator for Spark Coil, 309 Vignetter, Photo 238 Vise, Bench, Homemade, 149 Clamp Used as, 410 Homemade Bench, 244 Attaching to Bench, 176 Vise Screw, Small, How to Make, 295 Vise Used as Caliper Gauge, 172 Voltmeter, Pocket Direct-Current, 397
Wagon, Boy's, Sail for, 134 Tongue Holder for, 193 Wall Pockets in Tent, 97 Wall-Paper Cleaner, 266, 273 Walls, Painted or Frescoed, To Clean, 187 Tile and Brick, Fastening Screws in, 292 Walnuts, Hulling, 162, 295 War Kite, How to Make, 108 Wash Bottle for Laboratory Use, 458 Washbasin Bottom, To Prevent from Wearing Out, 34 Washbasin Holder, 289 Washboard, To Prevent from Slipping in Tub, 103 Washer, Simple Photographic-Print, 97 Washing Board, Rubbing Slats for, 263 Washing Photographic Prints, 168 Washtub Stand, 138 Wastebasket, Wire, Rim of Wrapped with Felt, 158 Waste-Paper Basket, 320 Watch Demagnetizer, How to Make, 150 Watch, How to Demagnetize, 290 Water Bottle, Surprise, 218 Water, Distilling Apparatus for, 112 Water Filter, 109 Water Heater, Electric, 89, 243 Water Heating Coil in Furnace Pipe, 294 Water Meter, Homemade, 48 Water Motor, How to Make, 303 Water, Surplus, Scraping Off on Grindstone, 188 Water Wheel, How to Make, 301 Watering Plants at Roots, 286 Watering System, Automatic, for Poultry Yards, 66 Watering Window Plants, Hose Attachment for, 298 Waterproof Shoe Dressing, 325 Welding Small Resistance-Wire Connections, 158 Wet Batteries, Protecting Binding Posts on from Corrosion, 252 Wet Battery, Homemade, 340 Wheel, Mysterious Revolving, 152 Whetting Block, 375 Whetting, Chisel Holder for, 317 Whip, Repairing Broken, 326 Whirligig Clapper, 453 Whistle, 41 Whistle, Homemade, 454 Whitewash, To Make Stick to Surfaces Coated, 233 Wind Vane, 99 Wind Vane with Electric Indicator, How to Build, 305 Winding, Holding Small Armatures for, 118 Windmill for Light Power, 307 Windmill, Power, 311 Window Casing, Mirror Hinged to, 355 Window Catch Used for Locking Extension Table, 42 Window Glass, Loose, Holder for, 149 Window Lock, 320 Window, Plant Shelf for, 324 Window Sash, To Prevent from Freezing to Sill, 101 Window Sash, Upper, Shade Roller Attached to, 246 Window-Seat Sewing Box, 186 Window-Shade Guides, 286 Window, Stick for Lowering Top Sash of, 162 Window Ventilator to Prevent Drafts, 248 Wing Nut, How to Make, 182 Wing Nuts, Homemade, 446 Winter Sports, Devices for-- Bobsled, Coasting, Four-Passenger, 24 Bobsled, Guide Ropes on, 155 Bobsled, Inexpensive, 49 Game Played on Ice, 52 Ice Boat and Catamaran, 27 Ice Glider, 31 Monorail Sled, 50 Propellers for Hand Sled, 334 Pushmobile Racer for Ice, 428 Skates Made of Wood, 30 Skating Merry-Go-Round, 57 Ski Staff, 51 Skis, Back Thrust Prevented on, 216 Skis, Homemade, 420 Snowball Maker, 48 Snowball Thrower, 47 Snowshoes, How to Make and Use Them, 35, 43 Steering Sled, 57 Wire Clothespin, 387 Wire Expansion Meter, 410 Wire Mesh Used as Shelf, 250 Wire, Pulling through Curved Electric Fixtures, 173 Wire Wound on Spool, Measuring Length of, 365 Wireless-Lighted Lamp Deception, 260 Wireless Stations, Distance Chart for, 269 Wireless Telegraph Messages, Sounder for, 384 Wireless Telephone Set, Simple, Construction of, 337, 341 Wood, Brown Stain for, 189 Wood Clothes Peg, 406 Wood, Holding in Sawbuck, 177 Wood, Homemade Countersink for, 154 Wood Lathe, How to Make, 434 Wood Panels, Decorative, 58 Wood Postal Cards, 292 Wood, Raising Dents in, 381 Wood Scraper Handle, 452 Wood Shafts, Threads on, 291 Wood, Skates Made of, 30 Wood Stock, Squaring, 99 Wood, To Harden Small Blocks of, 423 Wood Turning, Artistic, 128 Woods, Fine, Furniture Polish for, 216 Workbench, Back Stop for, 225 Workbench Equipment for Table Top, 383 Worktable, Photographic, for Small Quarters, 215 Wounds, Small, Application for, 304 Woven-Top Stool, 256 Wrench for Different-Size Nuts, 379 Wringer, Mop, How to Make, 171 Wrist Brace, 144 Writing Board for Children, 325 Writing Name Reversed on Paper Placed on Forehead, 392
Do You Know a Boy Who is Waiting for this Book?
He may have the few tools and materials to be found in every household, or he may possess his own complete chest of tools and well-equipped workshop, but something is lacking--He needs ideas--suggestions of things to make or do. He is tired of all the things that he and his companions have been able to think of. Now there are hundreds of other boys scattered all over this big country who have many new and interesting ideas he has never thought of, but how can this one boy ever get in touch with all these others? In just one way--through the pages of
I. The Boy Mechanic
The Great Book of 700 Things For Boys To Do
These original, practical suggestions have been furnished by hundreds of boys who have actually built and experimented with the devices they are now telling other boys how to build. In no other way could a book containing such a wide and interesting variety of contents have been prepared, for no one author or staff of writers, for that matter, could have possibly gleaned such a wealth of ideas from their own observation and experience.
A Few Practical Features:
A large number of the things described may be made from old cast-off articles which the average boy has at his disposal.
Many articles involving the purchase of only a few cents worth of material will be found fully as serviceable as similar ones costing several dollars.
Scores of handy things the family can use in the home are described.
Finally, this book will develop and interest the boy along mechanical lines and educate him at his play.
BOOK I--THE BOY MECHANIC Represents the Best Accomplishments of the Mechanical Genius of Young America for the material used in the book is a careful selection of only those articles which are new, practical and of more than ordinary interest; the selection having been made by mechanical experts who still have active recollections of their boyhood interests. It gives complete directions for making all the things boys love to build and experiment with in the fields of electricity, mechanics, sports, arts and crafts work, magic, etc., such as Electrical Appliances--Steam and Gas Engines--Turbines--Motors--Wireless and Morse Telegraph--Self-Propelled Vehicles--Toboggans--Ice Boats--Canoes--Paddle Boats--Punts--Camping Outfits--Tents--Fishing Tackle--Magic Lanterns--Searchlights--Cameras--Telescopes--Gliders, Kites and Balloons--Electric Furnaces--Lathes--Pottery Kilns. A boy would be an old man before he could make half the things described in this wonderful book. It is entirely different from any other published and has
700 Articles--480 Pages--800 Illustrations
(7 x 10)
Price $2.00 Postpaid
It is clearly printed on high-grade book paper and durably bound in cloth. The cover is of an attractive design in four colors showing a boy building a small boat. There are ten solid pages of index alone. Neither care nor expense have been spared to make this the greatest boys' book published, and to enable as many boys as possible to have one, the price has been made absolutely as low as possible. It would be difficult to think of a way of investing $2.00 that would benefit a boy as much as through the purchase of one of these books.
POPULAR MECHANICS BOOK DEPARTMENT
6 North Michigan Ave.
CHICAGO