The 2006 CIA World Factbook (part 16 of 18)
Colombia Clandestine Communist Party of Colombia or PCC [Jaime CAICEDO]; Colombian Conservative Party or PC [Carlos HOLGUIN Sardi]; Alternative Democratic Pole or PDA [Samuel MORENO Rojas]; Liberal Party or PL [Cesar GAVIRIA]; Social National Unity Party or PSUN [Juan Manuel SANTOS] note: Colombia has about 60 formally recognized political parties, most of which do not have a presence in either house of Congress
Comoros Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros [AZALI Assowmani]; Camp of the Autonomous Islands (a coalition of parties organized by the island Presidents in opposition to the Union President); Front National pour la Justice or FNJ [Ahmed RACHID] (Islamic party in opposition); Mouvement pour la Democratie et le Progress or MDP-NGDC [Abbas DJOUSSOUF]; Parti Comorien pour la Democratie et le Progress or PCDP [Ali MROUDJAE]; Rassemblement National pour le Development or RND [Omar TAMOU, Abdoulhamid AFFRAITANE]
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Democratic Social Christian Party or PDSC [Andre BO-BOLIKO]; Forces for Renovation for Union and Solidarity or FONUS [Joseph OLENGHANKOY]; National Congolese Lumumbist Movement or MNC [Francois LUMUMBA]; Popular Movement of the Revolution or MPR (three factions: MPR-Fait Prive [Catherine NZUZI wa Mbombo]; MPR/Vunduawe [Felix VUNDUAWE]; MPR/Mananga [MANANGA Dintoka Mpholo]); Unified Lumumbast Party or PALU [Antoine GIZENGA]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Etienne TSHISEKEDI wa Mulumba]; Union of Federalists and Independent Republicans or UFERI (two factions: UFERI [Lokambo OMOKOKO]; UFERI/OR [Adolph Kishwe MAYA])
Congo, Republic of the the most important of the many parties are the Democratic and Patriotic Forces or FDP [Denis SASSOU-NGUESSO, president] (an alliance of Convention for Alternative Democracy, Congolese Labor Party or PCT, Liberal Republican Party, National Union for Democracy and Progress, Patriotic Union for the National Reconstruction, and Union for the National Renewal); Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI [Michel MAMPOUYA]; Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS [Martin MBERI]; Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS [Jean-Pierre Thystere TCHICAYA, president]; Rally for Democracy and the Republic or RDR [Raymond Damasge NGOLLO]; Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR; Union of Democratic Forces or UFD [Sebastian EBAO]
Cook Islands Cook Islands Party or CIP [Henry PUNA]; Democratic Party or Demo [Dr. Terepai MAOATE]
Costa Rica Authentic Member from Heredia [Jose SALAS]; Citizen Action Party or PAC [Otton SOLIS]; Costa Rican Renovation Party or PRC [Gerardo Justo OROZCO Alvarez]; Democratic Force Party or PFD [Vladimir DE LA CRUZ]; General Union Party or PUGEN [Carlos Alberto FERNANDEZ Vega]; Homeland First or PP [Juan Jose VARGAS Fallas]; Independent Worker Party or PIO [Jose Alberto CUBERO Carmona]; Libertarian Movement Party or PML [Otto GUEVARA Guth]; National Christian Alliance Party or ANC [Juan Carlos CHAVEZ Mora]; National Integration Party or PIN [Walter MUNOZ Cespedes]; National Liberation Party or PLN [Francisco Antonio PACHECO]; National Patriotic Party or PPN [Daniel Enrique REYNOLDS Vargas]; National Restoration Party or PRN [Carlos AVENDANO]; Nationalist Democratic Alliance or ADN [Jose Miguel VILLALOBOS Umana]; Patriotic Union or UP [Humberto ARCE Salas]; Social Christian Unity Party or PUSC [Lorena VASQUEZ Badilla]; Union for Change Party or UPC [Antonio ALVAREZ Desanti]; United Leftist Coalition or IU [Humberto VARGAS Carbonel]
Cote d'Ivoire Citizen's Democratic Union or UDCY [Eg Theodore MEL]; Democratic Party of Cote d'Ivoire-African Democratic Rally or PDCI-RDA [Henri Konan BEDIE]; Ivorian Popular Front or FPI [Laurent GBAGBO]; Ivorian Worker's Party or PIT [Francis WODIE]; Rally of the Republicans or RDR [Alassane OUATTARA]; Union for Democracy and Peace or UDPCI [Paul Akoto YAO]; over 20 smaller parties
Croatia Croatian Bloc or HB [Ivic PASALIC]; Croatian Christian Democratic Union or HKDU [Anto KOVACEVIC]; Croatian Democratic Union or HDZ [Ivo SANADER]; Croatian Party of Rights or HSP [Anto DJAPIC]; Croatian Peasant Party or HSS [Josip FRISCIC]; Croatian Pensioner Party or HSU [Vladimir JORDAN]; Croatian People's Party or HNS [Vesna PUSIC] (in 2005 party merged with Libra to become Croatian People's Party-Liberal Democrats or NS-LD [Vesna PUSIC]); Croatian Social Liberal Party or HSLS [Djurdja ADLESIC]; Croatian True Revival Party or HIP [Miroslav TUDJMAN]; Democratic Centre or DC [Vesna SKARE-OZBOLT]; Independent Democratic Serb Party or SDSS [Vojislav STANIMIROVIC]; Istrian Democratic Assembly or IDS [Ivan JAKOVCIC]; Social Democratic Party of Croatia or SDP [Ivica RACAN]
Cuba only party - Cuban Communist Party or PCC [Fidel CASTRO Ruz, first secretary]
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: Democratic Party or DIKO [Tassos PAPADOPOULOS]; Democratic Rally or DISY [Nikos ANASTASIADHIS]; European Democracy or EURO.DE [Prodromos PRODROMOU] (evolved from For Europe which merged with New Horizons); European Party or EURO.KO [Demetris SYLLOURIS]; Fighting Democratic Movement or ADIK [Dinos MIKHAILIDIS]; Green Party of Cyprus [George PERDIKIS]; Movement for Social Democracy United Democratic Union of Center or KISOS [Yannakis OMIROU]; Progressive Party of the Working People or AKEL (Communist Party) [Dimitrios CHRISTOFIAS]; United Democrats Movement or EDE [Michalis PAPAPETROU]; north Cyprus: Democratic Party or DP [Serder DENKTASH]; National Birth Party or UDP [Enver EMIN]; National Unity Party or UBP [Dervis EROGLU]; Our Party or BP [Okyay SADIKOGLU]; Patriotic Unity Movement or YBH [Alpay DURDURAN]; Peace and Democratic Movement [Mustafa AKINCI]; Republican Turkish Party or CTP [Mehmet ALI TALAT]
Czech Republic Christian Democratic Union-Czechoslovak People's Party or KDU-CSL [Jan KASAL, chairman]; Civic Democratic Alliance or ODA [Jirina NOVAKOVA, chairwoman]; Civic Democratic Party or ODS [Mirek TOPOLANEK, chairman]; Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia or KSCM [Vojtech FILIP, chairman]; Czech Social Democratic Party or CSSD [Jiri PAROUBEK, chairman]; Freedom Union-Democratic Union or US-DEU [Jan HADRAVA, chairman]; Green Party [Martin BURSIK, chairman]; Independent Democrats (NEZDEM) [Vladimir ZELEZNY, chairman]; Party of Open Society (SOS) [Pavel NOVACEK, chairman]; Path of Change [Jiri LOBKOWITZ, chairman]; SNK-European Democrats or SNK-ED [Jana HYBASKOVA, chairman]
Denmark Christian Democrats (was Christian People's Party) [Bodil KORNBEK]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as Conservative People's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Red-Green Unity List (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party of Denmark, Socialist Workers' Party) [collective leadership]; Social Democratic Party [Helle THORNING-SCHMIDT]; Social Liberal Party (sometimes called the Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; Soren BALD, chairman]; Socialist People's Party [Villy SOEVNDAL]
Djibouti Democratic National Party or PND [ADEN Robleh Awaleh]; Democratic Renewal Party or PRD [Abdillahi HAMARITEH]; Djibouti Development Party or PDD [Mohamed Daoud CHEHEM]; Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique or FRUD [Ali Mohamed DAOUD]; People's Progress Assembly or RPP [Ismail Omar GUELLEH] (governing party); Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD [Moumin Bahdon FARAH]; Republican Alliance for Democracy or ARD [Ahmed Dini AHMED]; Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ
Dominica Dominica Freedom Party or DFP [Charles SAVARIN]; Dominica Labor Party or DLP [Roosevelt SKERRIT]; Dominica United Workers Party or UWP [Earl WILLIAMS]
Dominican Republic Dominican Liberation Party or PLD [Leonel FERNANDEZ Reyna]; Dominican Revolutionary Party or PRD [Ramon ALBURQUERQUE]; National Progressive Front [Vincent CASTILLO, Pelegrin CASTILLO]; Social Christian Reformist Party or PRSC [Enrique ATUN]
East Timor Associacao Social-Democrata Timorense or ASDT [Francisco Xavier do AMARAL]; Christian Democratic Party of Timor or PDC [Antonio XIMENES]; Christian Democratic Union of Timor or UDC [Vicente da Silva GUTERRES]; Democratic Party or PD [Fernando de ARAUJO]; People's Party of Timor or PPT [Jacob XAVIER]; Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor or FRETILIN [Francisco Guterres Lu OLO]; Social Democrat Party of East Timor or PSD [Mario CARRASCALAO]; Socialist Party of Timor or PST [Pedro da COSTA]; Sons of the Mountain Warriors (also known as Association of Timorese Heroes) or KOTA [Clementino dos Reis AMARAL]; Timor Democratic Union or UDT [Joao CARRASCALAO]; Timor Labor Party or PTT [Paulo Freitas DA SILVA]; Timorese Nationalist Party or PNT [Abilio ARAUJO]
Ecuador Concentration of Popular Forces or CFP [Averroes BUCARAM]; Democratic Left or ID [Guillermo LANDAZURI]; National Action Institutional Renewal Party or PRIAN [Alvaro NOBOA]; Pachakutik Movement [Gilberto TALAHUA]; Patriotic Society Party or PSP [Lucio GUTIERREZ Borbua]; Popular Democracy or DP [Dr. Juan Manuel FUERTES]; Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [Gustavo TERAN Acosta]; Radical Alfarista Front or FRA [Fabian ALARCON, director]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Leon FEBRES CORDERO]; Socialist Party - Broad Front or PS-FA [Victor GRANDA]
Egypt National Democratic Party or NDP [Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (governing party)]; National Progressive Unionist Grouping or Tagammu [Rifaat EL-SAID]; New Wafd Party or NWP [Mahmoud ABAZA]; Tomorrow Party [Naji AL-GHATRIFI] note: formation of political parties must be approved by the government
El Salvador Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER, secretary general]; Democratic Convergence or CD (formerly United Democratic Center or CDU) [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ, coordinator general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ ZEPEDA, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez]; Popular Social Christian Party or PPSC [Rene AGUILUZ]; Revolutionary Democratic Front or FDR [Julio Cesar HERNANDEZ Carcamo, coordinator general]
Equatorial Guinea Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS [Placido MIKO Abogo]; Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE [Teodoro OBIANG NGUEMA MBASOGO] (ruling party); Party for Progress of Equatorial Guinea or PPGE [Severo MOTO]; Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE [Miguel Esono EMAN]; Popular Union or UP [Andres Moises Bda ADA]; Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP [Victorino Bolekia BONAY]; Union of Independent Democrats of UDI [Daniel OYONO]
Eritrea People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, the only party recognized by the government [ISAIAS Afworki]; note - a National Assembly committee drafted a law on political parties in January 2001, but the full National Assembly has not yet debated or voted on it
Estonia Center Party of Estonia (Keskerakond) [Edgar SAVISAAR, chairman]; Estonian People's Union (Rahvaliit) [Villu REILJAN, chairman]; Estonian Reform Party (Reformierakond) [Andrus ANSIP]; Estonian United Russian People's Party or EUVRP [Yevgeniy TOMBERG, chairman]; Social Democratic Party (formerly People's Party Moodukad or Moderates) [Ivari PADAR, chairman]; Social Liberals (group of eight parliamentarians, former Center Party members) [Peeter KREITZBERG]; Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica (Isamaa je Res Publica Liit) [Tonis LUKAS and Taavi VESKIMAGI, co-chairman]
Ethiopia Afar National Democratic Party or ANDP; Benishangul Gumuz People's Democratic Unity Front or BGPDUF [Mulualem BESSE]; Coalition for Unity and Democracy or CUD [HAILU Shawel]; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front or EPRDF [MELES Zenawi] (an alliance of Amhara National Democratic Movement or ANDM, Oromo People's Democratic Organization or OPDO, the South Ethiopean People's Democratic Front or SEPDF, and TigrAyan Peoples' Liberation Front or TPLF); Gurage Nationalities' Democratic Movement or GNDM; Oromo Federalist Democratic Movement or OFDM [BULCHA Demeksa]; Somali People's Democratic Party or SPDP; United Ethopian Democratic Forces or UEDF [BEYENE Petros]; dozens of small parties
European Union Confederal Group of the European United Left-Nordic Green Left or EUL/NGL [Francis WURTZ]; European People's Party-European Democrats or EPP-ED [Hans-Gert POETTERING]; Group of the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe or ALDE [Graham R. WATSON]; Group of Greens/European Free Alliance or Greens/EFA [Monica FRASSONI and Daniel Marc COHN-BENDIT]; Independence/Democracy Group or IND/DEM [Jens-Peter BONDE and Nigel FARAGE]; Socialist Group in the European Parliament or PES [Martin SCHULZ]; Union for Europe of the Nations Group or UEN [Brian CROWLEY and Cristiana MUSCARDINI]
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) none; all independents
Faroe Islands Center Party [Jenis A. RANA]; Independence Party [Kari P. HOJGAARD]; People's Party [Anfinn KALLSBERG]; Republican Party [Hogni HOYDAL]; Social Democratic Party [Joannes EIDESGAARD]; Union Party [Kaj Leo JOHANNESEN]
Fiji Conservative Alliance Party/Matanitu Vanua or CAMV [Ratu Josefa DIMURI]; Dodonu Ni Taukei Party or DNT [Fereti S. DEWA]; Fiji Democratic Party or FDP [Filipe BOLE] (a merger of the Christian Democrat Alliance or VLV [Poesci Waqalevu BUNE], Fijian Association Party or FAP, Fijian Political Party or SVT (primarily Fijian) [Sitiveni RABUKA], and New Labor Unity Party or NLUP [Ofa SWANN]); Fiji Labor Party or FLP [Mahendra CHAUDHRY]; General Voters Party or GVP (became part of United General Party); Girmit Heritage Party or GHP; Justice and Freedom Party or AIM; Lio 'On Famor Rotuma Party or LFR; National Federation Party or NFP (primarily Indian) [Pramond RAE]; Nationalist Vanua Takolavo Party or NVTLP [Saula TELAWA]; Party of National Unity or PANU [Ponipate LESAVUA]; Party of the Truth or POTT; United Fiji Party/Sogosogo Duavata ni Lewenivanua or SDL [Laisenia QARASE]; United General Party or UGP [Millis Mick BEDDOES]
Finland Center Party or Kesk [Matti VANHANEN]; Christian Democrats or KD [Paivi RASANEN]; Green League or VIHR [Tarja CRONBERG]; Left Alliance or VAS composed of People's Democratic League and Democratic Alternative [Martti KORHONEN]; National Coalition (conservative) Party or Kok [Jyrki KATAINEN]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Eero HEINALUOMA]; Swedish People's Party or SFP [Stefan WALLIN]
France Citizen and Republican Movement or MRC [Jean Pierre CHEVENEMENT]; Democratic and European Social Rally or RDSE (mainly Radical Republican and Socialist Parties, and PRG) [Jacques PELLETIER]; French Communist Party or PCF [Marie-George BUFFET]; Greens [Yan WEHRLING, national secretary]; Left Radical Party or PRG (previously Radical Socialist Party or PRS and the Left Radical Movement or MRG) [Jean-Michel BAYLET]; Movement for France or MPF [Philippe DE VILLIERS]; National Front or FN [Jean-Marie LE PEN]; Rally for France or RPF [Charles PASQUA]; Socialist Party or PS [Francois HOLLANDE]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Francois BAYROU]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP [Nicolas SARKOZY]
French Guiana Guyana Democratic Forces or FDG [Georges OTHILY]; Guyanese Democratic Action or ADG [Andre LECANTE]; Guyanese Socialist Party or PSG [Marie-Claude VERDAN]; Popular National Guyanese Party or PNPG [Jose DORCY]; Socialist Party or PS [Alix LABBE]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Georges HABRAN-MERY]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP (includes RPR) [Remi Louis DUBOC]; Walwari Committee (aligned with the PRG in France) [Christine TAUBIRA-DELANON]
French Polynesia Alliance for a New Democracy or ADN [Nicole BOUTEAU and Philip SCHYLE](includes the parties The New Star and This Country is Yours); Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia (Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api) [Emile VERNAUDON]; People's Rally for the Republic of Polynesia or RPR (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE]; Union for Democracy or UPD [Oscar TEMARU]
Gabon Circle of Liberal Reformers or CLR [General Jean Boniface ASSELE]; Congress for Democracy and Justice or CDJ [Jules Aristide Bourdes OGOULIGUENDE]; Democratic and Republican Alliance or ADERE [Divungui-di-Ndinge DIDJOB]; Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG [Simplice Nguedet MANZELA] (former sole party); Gabonese Party for Progress or PGP [Pierre-Louis AGONDJO-OKAWE]; National Rally of Woodcutters or RNB; National Rally of Woodcutters-Rally for Gabon or RNB-RPG (Bucherons) [Fr. Paul M'BA-ABESSOLE]; People's Unity Party or PUP [Louis Gaston MAYILA]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP [Pierre EMBONI]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Pierre Claver MAGANGA-MOUSSAVOU]; Union for Democracy and Social Integration or UDIS; Union of Gabonese People or UPG [Pierre MAMBOUNDOU]
Gambia, The Alliance for Patriotic Reorientation and Construction or APRC [Yahya A. J. J. JAMMEH] (the ruling party); Gambian People's Party-Progressive People's Party-United Democratic Party or GPP-PPP-UDP Coalition [Ousainou DARBOE]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sheriff DIBBA]; National Reconciliation Party or NRP [Hamat N. K. BAH]; People's Democratic Organization for Independence and Socialism or PDOIS [Sidia JATTA] note: in August 2001, an independent electoral commission allowed the reregistration of the GPP, NCP, and PPP, three parties banned since 1996
Georgia Burjanadze-Democrats [Nino BURJANADZE]; Georgian People's Front [Nodar NATADZE]; Georgian United Communist Party or UCPG [Panteleimon GIORGADZE]; Greens [Giorgi GACHECHILADZE]; Industry Will Save Georgia (Industrialists) or IWSG [Georgi TOPADZE]; Labor Party [Shalva NATELASHVILI]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Bachuki KARDAVA]; National Movement Democratic Front [Mikheil SAAKASHVILI] bloc composed of National Movement and Burjanadze-Democrats; National Movement [Mikheil SAAKASHVILI]; New Rights [David GAMKRELIDZE]; Republican Party [David USUPASHVILI]; Rightist Opposition [David GAMKRELIDZE] bloc composed of Industrialists and New Right Party; Socialist Party or SPG [Irakli MINDELI]; Traditionalists [Akaki ASATIANI]; Union of National Forces-Conservatives [Koba DAVITASHVILI and Zviad DZIDZIGURI]
Germany Alliance '90/Greens [Claudia ROTH and Reinhard BUETIKOFER]; Christian Democratic Union or CDU [Angela MERKEL]; Christian Social Union or CSU [Edmund STOIBER, chairman]; Free Democratic Party or FDP [Guido WESTERWELLE, chairman]; Left Party (Linkspartei. was Party of Democratic Socialism) or PDS [Lothar BISKY]; Social Democratic Party or SPD [Kurt BECK]
Ghana Convention People's Party or CPP [Nii Noi DOWUONA, general secretary]; Every Ghanaian Living Everywhere or EGLE [Owuraku AMOFA, chairman]; Great Consolidated Popular Party or GCPP [Dan LARTY]; National Convention Party or NCP [Sarpong KUMA-KUMA]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Dr. Huudu YAHAYA, general secretary]; New Patriotic Party or NPP [Samuel Arthur ODOI-SYKES]; People's Convention Party or PCP [P. K. DONKOH-AYIFI, acting chairman]; People's Heritage Party or PHP [Emmanuel Alexander ERSKINE]; People's National Convention or PNC [Edward MAHAMA]; Reform Party [Kyeretwie OPUKU, general secretary]
Gibraltar Gibraltar Liberal Party [Joseph GARCIA]; Gibraltar Social Democrats or GSD [Peter CARUANA]; Gibraltar Socialist Labor Party or GSLP [Joseph John BOSSANO]
Greece Coalition of the Left and Progress (Synaspismos) [Alekos ALAVANOS]; Communist Party of Greece or KKE [Aleka PAPARIGA]; New Democracy or ND (conservative) [Konstandinos KARAMANLIS]; Panhellenic Socialist Movement or PASOK [Yiorgos PAPANDREOU]; Popular Orthodox Rally or LAOS [Yeoryios KARATZAFERIS]
Greenland Atassut Party (Solidarity, a conservative party favoring continuing close relations with Denmark) [Finn KARLSEN]; Demokratiit [Per BERTHELSEN]; Inuit Ataqatigiit or IA (Eskimo Brotherhood, a leftist party favoring complete independence from Denmark rather than home rule) [Josef MOTZFELDT]; Issituup (Polar Party) [Nicolai HEINRICH]; Kattusseqatigiit (Candidate List, an independent right-of-center party with no official platform; Siumut (Forward Party, a social democratic party advocating more distinct Greenlandic identity and greater autonomy from Denmark) [Hans ENOKSEN]
Grenada Good Old Democracy or GOD [Justin MCBURNIE]; Grenada United Labor Party or GULP [Gloria Payne BANFIELD]; National Democratic Congress or NDC [Tillman THOMAS]; New National Party or NNP [Keith MITCHELL]; People Labor Movement or PLM [Dr. Francis ALEXIS]
Guadeloupe Communist Party of Guadeloupe or PCG [Mona CADOCE]; FGPS [Dominique LARIFLA]; Left Radical Party or PRG [Flavien FERRANT]; Progressive Democratic Party or PPDG [Henri BANGOU]; Socialist Party or PS [Jules OTTO]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Claudine LACAVE]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP (including Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR) [Gabrielle LOUIS-CARABIN]
Guam Democratic Party [leader Michael PHILLIPS]; Republican Party (controls the legislature) [leader Philip J. FLORES]
Guatemala Authentic Integral Development or DIA [Eduardo SUGER]; Grand National Alliance or GANA (an alliance of smaller parties) [Alfredo VILA Giron, secretary general]; Green Party or LOV [Rodolfo ROSALES Garcis-Salaz]; Guatemalan Christian Democracy or DCG [Vinicio CEREZO Arevalo]; Guatemalan National Revolutionary Unity or URNG [Alba ESTELA Maldonado, secretary general]; Guatemalan Republican Front or FRG [Efrain RIOS Montt]; Movement for Guatemalan Unity or MGU [Jacobo ARBENZ Villanueva]; Movement for Principals and Values or MPV [Francisco BIANCHI]; National Advancement Party or PAN [Leonel LOPEZ Rodas, secretary general]; National Unity for Hope or UNE [Alvarado COLOM Caballeros]; New Nation Alliance or ANN (formed by an alliance of DIA, URNG, and several splinter groups most of whom subsequently defected) [led by three co-equal partners - Nineth Varenca MONTENEGRO Cottom, Rodolfo BAUER Paiz, and Jorge Antonio BALSELLS TUT]; Patriot Party or PP [Ret. Gen. Otto PEREZ Molina]; Progressive Liberator Party or PLP [Acisclo VALLADARES Molina]; Reform Movement or MR [Alfredo SKINNER-KLEE, secretary general]; Unionista Party
Guernsey none; all independents
Guinea Democratic Party of Guinea-African Democratic Rally or PDG-RDA [El Hadj Ismael Mohamed Gassim GUSHEIN]; National Union for Progress or UPN [Mamadou Bhoye BARRY]; Party for Unity and Progress or PUP [Lansana CONTE] (the governing party); People's Party of Guinea or PPG [Pascal TOLNO]; Rally for the Guinean People or RPG [Alpha CONDE]; Union of Democratic Forces of Guinea or UFDG [Mamadou BA]; Union of Republican Forces or UFR [Sidya TOURE]; Union for Progress of Guinea or UPG [Jean-Marie DORE, secretary-general]; Union for Progress and Renewal or UPR [Ousmane BAH]
Guinea-Bissau African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde or PAIGC [Carlos GOMES Junior]; Democratic Social Front or FDS; Electoral Union or UE; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Victor MANDINGA]; Social Renovation Party or PRS [Alberto NAMBEIA]; Union for Change or UM [Jorge MANDINGA, president, Dr. Anne SAAD, secretary general]; United Platform or UP (coalition formed by PCD, FDS, FLING, and RGB-MB); United Popular Alliance or APU; United Social Democratic Party or PUSD [Francisco Jose FADUL]
Guyana Alliance for Change or AFC [Raphael TROTMAN and Khemraj RAMJATTAN]; Guyana Action Party or GAP [Paul HARDY]; Justice for All Party [C.N. SHARMA]; People's National Congress/Reform or PNC/R [Robert Herman Orlando CORBIN]; People's Progressive Party/Civic or PPP/C [Bharrat JAGDEO]; Rise, Organize, and Rebuild or ROAR [Ravi DEV]; The United Force or TUF [Manzoor NADIR]; The Unity Party [Joey JAGAN]; Vision Guyana [Peter RAMSAROOP]; Working People's Alliance or WPA [Rupert ROOPNARAINE]
Haiti Artibonite in Action or LAAA [Youri LATORTUE]; Assembly of Progressive National Democrats or RDNP [Leslie MANIGAT]; Convention for Democratic Unity or KID [Evans PAUL]; Cooperative Action to Build Haiti or KONBA [Evans LESCOUFALIR]; Democratic Alliance or ALYANS (coalition composed of KID and PPRH) [Evans PAUL]; Effort and Solidarity to Create an Alternative for the People or ESKAMP [Joseph JASME]; For Us All or PONT [Jean-Marie CHERESTAL]; Front for Hope or L'ESPWA (alliance of ESKAMP, PLB, and grass-roots organizations Grand-Anse Resistance Committee, the Central Plateau Peasants' Group, and Kombit Sudest) [Rene PREVAL]; Grand Center Right Front coalition (composed of MDN, MRN, and PDCH) [Hubert de RONCERAY]; Haitian Christian Democratic Party or PDCH [Osner FEVRY and Marie-Denise CLAUDE]; Haitian Democratic and Reform Movement or MODEREH [Dany TOUSSAINT and Pierre Soncon PRINCE]; Heads Together or Tet-Ansanm [Dr. Gerard BLOT]; Independent Movement for National Reconciliation or MIRN [Luc FLEURINORD]; Justice for Peace and National Development or JPDN [Rigaud DUPLAN]; Fanmi Lavalas or FL [Rudy HERIVEAUX]; Liberal Party of Haiti or PLH [Gehy MICHEL]; Merging of Haitian Social Democratic Parties or FUSION or FPSDH (merged Ayiti Capable, Haitian National Revolutionary Party, and National Congress of Democratic Movements) [Serge GILLES]; Mobilization for Haiti's Development or MPH [Samir MOURRA]; Mobilization for National Development or MDN [Hubert de RONCERAY]; Movement for National Reconstruction or MRN [Jean Henold BUTEAU]; Movement for the Installation of Democracy in Haiti or MIDH [Marc BAZIN]; National Christian Union for the Reconstruction of Haiti or UNCRH [Marie Claude GERMAIN]; National Front for the Reconstruction of Haiti or FRN [Guy PHILIPPE]; New Christian Movement for a New Haiti or MOCHRENA [Luc MESADIEU]; Open the Gate Party or PLB [Anes LUBIN]; Popular Party for the Renewal of Haiti or PPRH [Claude ROMAIN and Daniel SUPPLICE]; Struggling People's Organization or OPL [Edgard LEBLANC]; Union for Haiti or UPH (coalition of MIDH and FL) [Marc BAZIN]; Union of Nationalist and Progressive Haitians or UNITE [Edouard FRANCISQUE]
Holy See (Vatican City) none
Honduras Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Saul ESCOBAR Andrade]; Democratic Unification Party or PUD [Matias FUNES]; Liberal Party or PL [Patricia RODAS]; National Innovation and Unity Party or PINU [Olban F. VALLADARES]; National Party of Honduras or PN [Gilberto GOLDSTEIN]
Hong Kong Association for Democracy and People's Livelihood or ADPL [Frederick FUNG Kin-kee]; Citizens Party [Alex CHAN Kai-chung]; Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong or DAB [MA Lik]; Democratic Party [LEE Wing-tat]; Frontier Party [Emily LAU Wai-hing]; Liberal Party [James TIEN Pei-chun] note: political blocs include: pro-democracy - ADPL, Democratic Party, Frontier Party; pro-Beijing - DAB, Liberal Party
Hungary Alliance of Free Democrats or SzDSz [Gabor KUNCZE]; Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP [Zsolt SEMJEN]; Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz [Viktor ORBAN, chairman]; Hungarian Democratic Forum or MDF [Ibolya DAVID]; Hungarian Socialist Party or MSzP [Istvan HILLER, chairman]
Iceland Independence Party or IP [Geir HAARDE]; Left-Green Movement or LGM [Steingrimur SIGFUSSON]; Liberal Party or LP [Gudjon KRISTJANSSON]; Progressive Party or PP [Halldor ASGRIMSSON - will step down in August 2006]; Social Democratic Alliance (includes People's Alliance or PA, Social Democratic Party or SDP, Women's List) or SDA [Ingibjorg Solrun GISLADOTTIR]
India note - India has dozens of national and regional political parties; only parties with four or more seats in the People's Assembly are listed; Bahujan Samaj Party or BSP [MAYAWATI]; Bharatiya Janata Party or BJP [Rajnath SINGH]; Biju Janata Dal or BJD [Naveen PATNAIK]; Communist Party of India or CPI [Ardhendu Bhushan BARDHAN]; Communist Party of India (Marxist) or CPI (M) [Prakash KARAT]; Dravida Munnetra Kazagham or DMK [M. KARUNANIDHI]; Indian National Congress or INC [Sonia GANDHI]; Janata Dal (United) or JD(U) [Sharad YADEV]; Jharkhand Mukti Morcha or JMM [Shibu SOREN]; Lok Jan Shakti Party or LJSP [Ram Vilas PASWAN]; Marumalarchi Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or MDMK [VAIKU]; Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR]; Pattali Makkal Katchi or PMK [S. RAMADOSS]; Rashtriya Janata Dal or RJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV]; Shiromani Akali Dal or SAD [Prakash Singh BADAL]; Shiv Sena or SS [Bal THACKERAY]; Telangana Rashtra Samithi or TRS [K. Chandrasekhar RAO]; Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU]
Indonesia Crescent Moon and Star Party or PBB [Yusril Ihza MAHENDRA]; Democratic Party or PD [Subur BUDHISANTOSO]; Functional Groups Party or Golkar [Yusuf KALLA]; Indonesia Democratic Party-Struggle or PDI-P [MEGAWATI Sukarnoputri]; National Awakening Party or PKB [Alwi SHIHAB]; National Mandate Party or PAN [Sutrisno BACHIR]; Prosperous Justice Party or PKS [Tifatul SEMBIRING]; United Development Party or PPP [Hamzah HAZ]
Iran formal political parties are a relatively new phenomenon in Iran and most conservatives still prefer to work through political pressure groups rather than parties; a loose pro-reform coalition called the 2nd Khordad Front, which includes political parties as well as less formal pressure groups and organizations, achieved considerable success at elections to the sixth Majles in early 2000; groups in the coalition include: Islamic Iran Participation Front (IIPF), Executives of Construction Party (Kargozaran), Solidarity Party, Islamic Labor Party, Mardom Salari, Mojahedin of the Islamic Revolution Organization (MIRO), and Militant Clerics Society (Ruhaniyun); the coalition participated in the seventh Majles elections in early 2004; following his defeat in the 2005 presidential elections, former MCS Secretary General Mehdi KARRUBI formed the National Trust Party; a new apparently conservative group, the Builders of Islamic Iran, took a leading position in the new Majles after winning a majority of the seats in February 2004
Iraq Al-Sadr Movement [Muqtada Al-SADR]; Assyrian Democratic Movement [Yunadim KANNA]; Conference of Iraqi People [Adnan al-DULAYMI]; Constitutional Monarchy Movement or CMM [Sharif Ali Bin al-HUSAYN]; Da'wa Party [Ibrahim al-JA'FARI]; Independent Iraqi Alliance or IIA [Falah al-NAQIB]; Iraqi Communist Party [Hamid al-MUSA]; Iraqi Hizballah [Karim Mahud al-MUHAMMADAWI]; Iraqi Independent Democrats or IID [Adnan PACHACHI, Mahdi al-HAFIZ]; Iraqi Islamic Party or IIP [Muhsin Abd al-HAMID, Hajim al-HASSANI]; Iraqi National Accord or INA [Ayad ALLAWI]; Iraqi National Congress or INC [Ahmad CHALABI]; Iraqi National Council for Dialogue or INCD [Khalaf Ulayan al-Khalifawi al-DULAYMI]; Iraqi National Unity Movement or INUM [Ahmad al-KUBAYSI, chairman]; Islamic Action Organization or IAO [Ayatollah Muhammad al-MUDARRISI]; Jama'at al Fadilah or JAF [Ayatollah Muhammad Ali al-YAQUBI]; Kurdistan Democratic Party or KDP [Masud BARZANI]; Muslim Ulama Council or MUC [Harith Sulayman al-DARI, secretary general]; National Iraqi Front [Salih al-MUTLAQ]; National Reconciliation and Liberation Party [Mishan al-JABBURI]; Patriotic Union of Kurdistan or PUK [Jalal TALABANI]; Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq or SCIRI [Abd al-Aziz al-HAKIM] note: the Kurdistan Alliance, Iraqi National List, Iraqi Consensus Front, Iraqi Front for National Dialogue, and United Iraqi Alliance were only electoral slates consisting of the representatives from the various Iraqi political parties
Ireland Fianna Fail [Bertie AHERN]; Fine Gael [Enda KENNY]; Green Party [Trevor SARGENT]; Labor Party [Pat RABITTE]; Progressive Democrats [Michael McDOWELL]; Sinn Fein [Gerry ADAMS]; Socialist Party [Joe HIGGINS]; The Workers' Party [Sean GARLAND]
Isle of Man Alliance for Progressive Government; Man Labor Party; Man Nationalist Party (branch of the British National Party) note: most members sit as independents
Israel Democratic Front for Peace and Equality (HADASH) [Muhammad BARAKA]; GIL (Pensioners) [Rafael EITAN]; Kadima [Ehud OLMERT]; Labor Party [Amir PERETZ]; Likud Party [Binyamin NETANYAHU]; Meretz-YAHAD [Yossi BEILIN]; National Democratic Assembly (Balad) [Azmi BISHARA]; National Union (NU)/National Religious Party (NRP) [Binyamin ELON]; SHAS [Eliyahu YISHAI]; Torah and Shabbat Judaism [Yaakov LITZMAN]; United Arab List [Ibrahim SARSOUR]; Yisrael Beiteinu [Avigdor LIEBERMAN]; Yisrael Ba'Aliya (merged with Likud)
Italy Center-Left Union Coalition [Romano PRODI]: Ulivo Alliance (including Democrats of the Left or DS [Piero FASSINO]; Daisy-Democracy is Freedom or DL [Francesco RUTELLI]); Rose in the Fist (including Italian Social Democrats or SDI [Enrico BOSELLI]; Italian Radical Party [Emma BONINO]); Italian Communist Party or PdCI [Oliviero DILIBERTO]; Green Federation [Alfonso PECORARO SCANIO]; Communist Renewal or RC [Fausto BERTINOTTI]; Italy of Values or IdV [Antonio DI PIETRO]; Union of Democrats for Europe or UDEUR [Clemente MASTELLA]; Republican European Movement or MRE [Luciana SBARBATI] Center-Right Freedom House Coalition [Silvio BERLUSCONI]: Forza Italia or FI [Silvio BERLUSCONI]; National Alliance or AN [Gianfranco FINI]; Union of Christian Democrats of the Center or UDC [Pier Ferdinando CASINI]; Northern League or LEGA [Umberto BOSSI]; Christian Democracy (Per la Autonomie) [Publio FIORI] other non-allied parties: New Italian Socialist Party or New PSI [Gianni DE MICHELIS]; Italian Republican Party or PRI [Giorgio LA MALFA]; Social Alternative [Alessandra MUSSOLINI]; Social Movement-Tricolor Flame or MSI-Fiamma [Luca ROMAGNOLI]; Social Idea Movement with Rauti or MIS [Pino RAUTI]; South Tyrol People's Party or SVP (German speakers) [Elmar Pichler ROLLE]; Union of Valley Aosta Region or UV [Guido CESAL]
Jamaica Jamaica Labor Party or JLP [Bruce GOLDING]; National Democratic Movement or NDM [Hyacinth BENNETT]; People's National Party or PNP [Percival James PATTERSON]
Japan Democratic Party of Japan or DPJ [Ichiro OZAWA]; Japan Communist Party or JCP [Kazuo SHII]; Komeito [Akihoro OTA]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Shinzo ABE]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Mizuho FUKUSHIMA]
Jersey none; all independents
Jordan al-Ahd Party; Arab Islamic Democratic Movement [Yusuf ABU BAKR, president]; Arab Land Party [Dr. Ayishah Salih HIJAZAYN, secretary general]; Arab Socialist Ba'th Party [Taysir al-HIMSI, secretary general]; Ba'th Arab Progressive Party [Fu'ad DABBUR, secretary general]; Freedom Party; Future Party; Islamic Action Front or IAF [Zaki Sa'ed BANI IRSHEID, secretary general]; Islamic Center Party [Marwan al-FAURI, secretary general]; Jordanian Arab Ansar Party; Jordanian Arab New Dawn Party; Jordanian Arab Party; Jordanian Citizens' Rights Movement; Jordanian Communist Party [Munir HAMARINAH, secretary general]; Jordanian Communist Workers Party; Jordanian Democratic Left Party [Musa MA'AYTEH, secretary general]; Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party [Sa'id Dhiyab Ali MUSTAFA, secretary general]; Jordanian Generations Party [Muhammad KHALAYLEH, secretary general]; Jordanian Green Party [Muhammad BATAYNEH, secretary general]; Jordanian Labor Party [Dr. Mazin Sulayman Jiryis HANNA, secretary general]; Jordanian Peace Party; Jordanian People's Committees Movement; Jordanian People's Democratic Party (Hashd) [Ahmad YUSUF, secretary general]; Jordanian Rafah Party; Jordanian Renaissance Party; Mission Party; Nation Party [Ahmad al-HANANDEH, secretary general]; National Action Party (Haqq) [Tariq al-KAYYALI, secretary general]; National Constitutional Party [Abdul Hadi MAJALI, secretary general]; National Popular Democratic Movement [Mahmud al-NUWAYHI, secretary general]; Progressive Party [Fawwaz al-ZUBI, secretary general]
Kazakhstan Adilet (Justice) [Maksut NARIKBAYEV, co-chair, Zeynulla ALSHIMBAYEV, co-chair, Bakhytbek AKHMETZHAN, co-chair, Yerkin ONGARBAYEV, co-chair, Tolegan SYDYKOV, co-chair] (formerly Democratic Party of Kazakhstan); Aq Zhol Party (Bright Path) [Alikhan BAIMENOV, chairman]; AUL (Village) [Gani KALIYEV, chairman]; Communist Party of Kazakhstan or KPK [Serikbolsyn ABDILDIN, first secretary]; Communist People's Party of Kazakhstan [Vladislav KOSAREV, first secretary]; Otan [Bakhytzhan ZHUMAGULOV, acting chairman] (the Agrarian, Asar, and Civic parties merged with Otan); Patriots' Party [Gani KASYMOV, chairman]; Rukhaniyat (Spirituality) [Altynshash ZHAGANOVA, chairwoman]
Kenya Forum for the Restoration of Democracy-People or FORD-People [Kimaniwa NYOIKE, chairman]; Kenya African National Union or KANU [Uhuru KENYATTA]; National Rainbow Coalition or NARC [Mwai KIBAKI] (the governing party)
Kiribati Boutokaan Te Koaua Party or BTK [Taberannang TIMEON]; Maneaban Te Mauri Party or MTM [Teburoro TITO]; Maurin Kiribati Pati or MKP; National Progressive Party or NPP [Dr. Harry TONG] note: there is no tradition of formally organized political parties in Kiribati; they more closely resemble factions or interest groups because they have no party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures
Korea, North major party - Korean Workers' Party or KWP [KIM Jong Il]; minor parties - Chondoist Chongu Party [RYU Mi Yong] (under KWP control), Social Democratic Party [KIM Yong Dae] (under KWP control)
Korea, South Democratic Labor Party or DLP [MOON Seong-hyun]; Democratic Party or DP [HAHN Hwa-kap]; Grand National Party or GNP [KANG Jae-sup]; People-Centered Party or PCP [SHIN Kook-hwan]; Uri Party [KIM Geun-tae]
Kuwait none; formation of political parties is illegal
Kyrgyzstan Adilet (Justice) Party [Toychubek KASYMOV]; Agrarian Labor Party of Kyrgyzstan [Uson SYDYKOV]; Agrarian Party of Kyrgyzstan [Erkin ALIYEV]; Alga, Kyrgyzstan (Forward, Kyrgyzstan) [Bolot BEGALIYEV]; Ar-Namys (Dignity) Party [Emil ALIYEV]; Asaba (Banner National Revival Party) [Azimbek BEKNAZAROV]; Ata-Meken (Fatherland) [Omurbek TEKEBAYEV]; Communist Party of Kyrgyzstan [Klara ADZHIBEKOVA]; Democratic Movement of Kyrgyzstan or DDK [Jypar JEKSHEYEV]; Erkin Kyrgyzstan Progressive and Democratic Party [Bektur ASANOV]; Erkindik (Freedom) Party [Topchubek TURGUNALIYEV]; Future of Kyrgyzstan [Balbak TULEBAYEV]; Jany Kyrgyzstan (New Kyrgyzstan) [Dosbol NUR UULU]; Kairan El [Dooronbek SADYKOV]; Kyrgyz National Party [Bakyt BESHIMOV]; Kyrgyzstan Kelechegi [Ruslan CHYNYBAYEV]; Manas El (Party of Spiritual Restoration) [Chingiz AITMATOV]; Moya Strana (My Country Party of Action) [Joomart OTORBAYEV]; Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan or KCP [Bakytbek BEKBOYEV]; Party of Justice and Progress [Muratbek IMANALIEV]; Party of Peasants [Esengul ISAKOV]
Laos Lao People's Revolutionary Party or LPRP [CHOUMMALY Sayasone]; other parties proscribed
Latvia First Party of Latvia or LPP [Juris LUJANS]; For Human Rights in a United Latvia or PCTVL [Tatjana ZDANOKA, Jakovs PLINERS]; For the Fatherland and Freedom/Latvian National Independence Movement or TB/LNNK [Janis STRAUME]; Harmony Center or SC [Sergejs DOLGOPOLOVS]; Latvian Green Party or ZZS [Indulis EMSIS, Viesturs SILENIEKS, Raimonds VEJONIS]; Latvian Farmer's Union or LZS [Augusts BRIGMANIS]; Latvian Social Democratic Workers Party (Social Democrats) or LSDSP [Juris BOJARS]; Latvian Socialist Party or LSP [Alfreds RUBIKS]; Latvia's Way or LC [Ivars GODMANIS]; New Democrats or JD [Maris GULBIS]; New Era Party or JL [Einars REPSE]; People's Harmony Party or TSP [Aivars DATAVS]; People's Party or TP [Atis SLAKTERIS]; Social Democratic Union or SDS [Egils BALDZENS]
Lebanon Ba'th Party; Democratic Gathering [Walid JUMBLATT]; Democratic Left [Ilyas ATALLAH]; Democratic Renewal Movement [Nassib LAHUD]; Development and Resistance Bloc [Nabih BERRI, Amal Movement leader/Speaker of the National Assembly]; Free Patriotic Movement [Michel AWN]; Future Movement Bloc [Sa'ad HARIRI]; Kataeb Party [Karim PAKRADONI]; Kataeb Reform Movement [Amine GEMAYAL]; Lebanese Forces [Samir JA'JA]; Loyalty to the Resistance [Mohammad RA'AD]; Metn Bloc [Michel MURR]; Nasserite Popular Movement [Ussama SAAD]; National Bloc [Carlos EDDE]; Popular Bloc [Elias SKAFF]; Qornet Shewan Gathering [a grouping with no individual leader]; Syrian National Socialist Party [Ali QANSU]; Tachnaq Party; Tripoli Independent Bloc [a grouping with no individual leader]
Lesotho Basotholand African Congress or BAC [Khauhelo RALITAPOLE]; Basotholand Congress Party or BCP [Ntsukunyane MPHANYA]; Basotho National Party or BNP [Maj. Gen. Justine Metsing LEKHANYA]; Kopanang Basotho Party or KPB [MOSALA]; Lesotho Congress for Democracy or LCD [Pakalitha MOSISILI] (the governing party); Lesotho Education Party or LEP [Thabo PITSO]; Lesotho People's Congress or LPC [Kelebone MAOPE]; Lesotho Workers Party of LWP [Macaefa BILLY]; Marematlou Freedom Party or MFP [Vincent MALEBO]; National Independent Party or NIP [Anthony MANYELI]; National Progressive Party or NPP [Chief Peete Nkoebe PEETE]; Popular Front for Democracy or PFD [Lekhetho RAKUOANE]; Sefate Democratic Union or SDU [Bofihla NKUEBE]; Social Democratic Party of SDP [Masitise SELESO]; United Democratic Party or UDP [C.D. MOFELI]; United Party or UP [Makara SEKAUTU]
Liberia Alliance for Peace and Democracy or APD [Togba-na TIPOTEH]; Coalition for the Transformation of Liberia or COTOL; Congress for Democratic Change or CDC [George WEAH]; Liberian Action Party or LAP [H. Varney SHERMAN]; Liberty Party or LP [Charles BRUMSKINE]; National Patriotic Party or NPP [Cyril ALLEN]; Unity Party or UP [Charles CLARKE]
Libya none
Liechtenstein Patriotic Union (was Fatherland Union) or VU [Adolf HEEB]; Progressive Citizens' Party or FBP [Otmar HASLER]; The Free List or FL
Lithuania Civil Democracy Party [Viktor MUNTIANAS, chairman]; Electoral Action of Lithuanian Poles [Valdemar TOMASZEVSKI, chairman]; National Farmer's Union [Kazimiera PRUNSKIENE, chairman]; Homeland Union/Conservative Party or TS [Andrius KUBILIUS, chairman]; Labor Party; Liberal and Center Political Group [Arturas ZUOKAS, chairman]; Liberal Democratic Party [Valentinas MAZURONIS, chairman]; Liberal Movement; Lithuanian Christian Democrats or LKD [Valentinas STUNDYS, chairman]; Lithuanian People's Union for a Fair Lithuania; Lithuanian Social Democratic Coalition [Algirdas BRAZAUSKAS, chairman] consists of the Lithuanian Democratic Labor Party or LDDP and the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party or LSDP; Social Liberal/New Union [Arturas PAULAUSKAS, chairman]; Social Union of Christian Conservatives [Gediminas VAGNORIUS, chairman]; Young Lithuania and New Nationalists
Luxembourg Action Committee for Democracy and Justice or ADR [Gast GIBERYEN]; Christian Social People's Party or CSV (also known as Christian Social Party or PCS) [Francois BILTGEN]; Democratic Party or DP [Claude MEISCH]; Green Party [Francois BAUSCH]; Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party or LSAP [Alex BODRY]; Marxist and Reformed Communist Party dei Lenk/la Gauche (the Left) [no formal leadership]; other minor parties
Macau Civil Service Union [Jose Maria Pereira COUTINHO]; Development Union [KWAN Tsui-hang]; Macau Development Alliance [Angela LEONG On-kei]; Macau United Citizens' Association [CHAN Meng-kam]; New Democratic Macau Association [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong]; United Forces
Macedonia Democratic Alliance [Pavle TRAJANOV]; Democratic Alternative or DA [Vasil TUPURKOVSKI]; Democratic League of the Bosniaks [Rafet MUMINOVIC]; Democratic Party of Albanians or PDSH/DPA [Arben XHAFERI]; Democratic Party of Serbs [Ivan STOILJKOVIC]; Democratic Party of Turks [Kenan HASIPI]; Democratic Renewal of Macedonia [Liljana POPOVSKA]; Democratic Republican Union of Macedonia or DRUM [Goran RAFAJLOVSKI]; Democratic Union of Vlachs for Macedonia [Mitko KOSTOV]; Democratic Union for Integration or DUI [Ali AHMETI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Democratic Party for Macedonian National Unity or VMRO-DPMNE [Nikola GRUEVSKI]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-Macedonian [Boris STOJMENOV]; Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization-People's Party or VMRO-Narodna [Vesna JANEVSKA, acting]; League for Democracy [Gjorgi MARJANOVIC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP [Risto PENOV]; Liberal Party [Stojan ANDOV]; National Alternative [Harun ALIU]; National Democratic Party or PDK [Basri HALITI]; National Farmers' Party [Vejljo TANTAROV]; New Democratic Forces [Hysni SHAQIRI]; New Social Democratic Party or NSDP [Tito PETKOVSKI]; Party for Democratic Future [Alajdin DEMIRI]; Party for Democratic Prosperity or PPD/PDP [Abduljhadi VEJSELI]; Social Democratic Alliance of Macedonia or SDSM [Vlado BUCKOVSKI]; Socialist Party of Macedonia or SP [Ljubisav IVANOV-ZINGO]; United Party for Emancipation or OPE [Nezdet MUSTAFA]
Madagascar Association for the Rebirth of Madagascar or AREMA [Pierrot RAJAONARIVO]; Economic Liberalism and Democratic Action for National Recovery or LEADER/Fanilo [Herizo RAZAFIMAHALEO]; Fihaonana Party or FP [Guy-Willy RAZANAMASY]; I Love Madagascar or TIM [Marc RAVALOMANANA]; Renewal of the Social Democratic Party or RPSD [Evariste MARSON]
Malawi Alliance for Democracy or AFORD [Chakufwa CHIHANA]; Congress for National Unity or CONU; Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [Bingu wa MUTHARIKA]; Malawi Congress Party or MCP [John TEMBO]; Malawi Democratic Party or MDP [Kampelo KALUA]; Malawi Forum for Unity and Development or MAFUNDE [George MNESA]; Mgwirizano Coalition or MC [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA] (coalition of MAFUNDE, MDP, MGODE, NUP, PETRA, PPM, RP); Movement for Genuine Democratic Change or MGODE [Sam Kandodo BANDA]; National Democratic Alliance or NDA [Brown MPINGANJIRA]; National Unity Party or NUP [Harry CHIUME]; People's Progressive Movement or PPM [Aleke BANDA]; People's Transformation Movement or PETRA [Kamuzu CHIBAMBO]; Republican Party or RP [Gwandaguluwe CHAKUAMBA]; United Democratic Front or UDF
Malaysia ruling-coalition National Front (Barisan Nasional) or BN, consisting of the following parties: Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia Party or PGRM [LIM Keng Yaik]; Liberal Democratic Party (Parti Liberal Demokratik - Sabah) or LDP [LIEW Vui Keong]; Malaysian Chinese Association (Persatuan China Malaysia) or MCA [ONG Ka Ting]; Malaysian Indian Congress (Kongresi India Malaysia) or MIC [S. Samy VELLU]; Parti Bersatu Pakyat Sabah or PBRS [Joseph KURUP]; Parti Bersatu Sabah or PBS [Joseph PAIRIN Kitingan]; Parti Pesaka Bumiputra Bersatu or PBB [Patinggi Haji Abdul TAIB Mahmud]; Parti Rakyat Sarawak or PRS [James MASING]; Sabah Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Sabah) or SAPP [YONG Teck Lee]; Sarawak United People's Party (Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sarawak) or SUPP [George CHAN Hong Nam]; United Malays National Organization or UMNO [ABDULLAH bin Ahmad Badawi]; United Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Organization (Pertubuhan Pasko Momogun Kadazan Dusun Bersatu) or UPKO [Bernard DOMPOK]; People's Progressive Party (Parti Progresif Penduduk Malaysia) or PPP [M.Keyveas]; Sarawak Progressive Democratic Party or SPDP [William MAWANI]; opposition parties: Democratic Action Party (Parti Tindakan Demokratik) or DAP [KARPAL Singh]; Islamic Party of Malaysia (Parti Islam se Malaysia) or PAS [Abdul HADI Awang]; People's Justice Party (Parti Keadilan Rakyat) or PKR [WAN AZIZAH Wan Ismael]; Sarawak National Party or SNAP [Edwin DUNDANG]; opposition coalition Alternative Front (Barisan Alternatif) or BA - consists of PAS and PKR
Maldives political parties were allowed to register in June 2005; the first entrants are: Adhaalath (Justice) Party or AP [Abdul Majeed Abdul BARI]; Dhivehi Rayyithunge Party (Maldivian People's Party) or DRP [Maumoon Abdul GAYOOM]; Islamic Democratic Party or IDP [Omar NASEER]; Maldivian Democratic Party or MDP [Mohamed NASHEED]
Mali Alliance for Democracy or ADEMA [Diounconda TRAORE, party chairman]; Hope 2002 (a coalition of CNID, MPR, RDT, and RPM); National Congress for Democratic Initiative or CNID [Mountaga TALL, chairman]; Party for Democracy and Progress or PDP [Me Idrissa TRAORE]; Party for National Renewal or PARENA [Tiebile DRAME, secretary general]; Patriotic Movement for Renewal or MPR [Choguel MAIGA]; Rally for Democracy and Labor or RDT; Rally for Mali or RPM [Ibrahim Boubacar KEITA, chairman]; Sudanese Union/African Democratic Rally or US/RDA [Mamadou Bamou TOURE, secretary general]; Union for Democracy and Development or UDD [Moussa Balla COULIBALY]; Union for Republic and Democracy or URD [Soumaila CISSE]
Malta Alternativa Demokratika/Alliance for Social Justice or AD [Harry VASSALLO]; Malta Labor Party or MLP [Alfred SANT]; Nationalist Party or PN [Lawrence GONZI]
Marshall Islands traditionally there have been no formally organized political parties; what has existed more closely resembles factions or interest groups because they do not have party headquarters, formal platforms, or party structures; the following two "groupings" have competed in legislative balloting in recent years - Aelon Kein Ad Party [Michael KABUA] and United Democratic Party or UDP [Litokwa TOMEING]
Martinique Martinique Communist Party or PCM [Georges ERICHOT]; Martinique Independence Movement or MIM [Alfred MARIE-JEANNE]; Martinique Progressive Party or PPM [Pierre SUEDILE]; Martinique Socialist Party or PMS [Ernest WAN-AJOUHU]; Movement of Democrats and Ecologists for a Sovereign Martinique or Modemas [Garcin MALSA]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Michel CHARLONE]; Socialist Revolution Group or GRS [Philippe PIERRE-CHARLES]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Jean MAREN]
Mauritania Action for Change or AC (no longer active) [Messoud Ould BOULKHEIR]; Alliance for Justice and Democracy or AJD [Cisse Amadou CHEIKHOU]; National Union for Democracy and Development or UNDD [Tidjane KOITA]; Party for Liberty, Equality, and Justice or PLEJ [Ba Mamdou ALASSANE]; Party of Democratic Convergence or PCD [Cheikh Ould HORMA]; Popular Front or FP [Ch'bih Ould CHEIKH MALAININE]; Popular Progressive Alliance or APP [Messoud Ould BOULKHEIR]; Progress Force Union or UFP (no longer active) [Mohamed Ould MAOULOUD]; Rally of Democratic Forces or RFD [Ahmed Ould DADDAH]; Rally for Democracy and Unity or RDU [Ahmed Ould SIDI BABA]; Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal or PRDR (formerly ruling Democratic and Social Republican Party or PRDS) [Boullah Ould MOGUEYA]; Right Way or SAWAB [Cheikh Ould Sidi Ould HANANA]; Union for Democracy and Progress or UDP [Naha Mint MOUKNASS]; Union of Forces of Progress or UFP [Mohamed Ould MAOULOUD] note: the Party of Democratic Convergence was banned in October 2005 because it was regarded as Islamist and therefore in breach of Mauritanian law
Mauritius Alliance Sociale or AS; Hizbullah [Cehl Mohamed FAKEEMEEAH]; Mauritian Labor Party or MLP [Navinchandra RAMGOOLAM]; Mauritian Militant Movement or MMM [Paul BERENGER] (in coalition with MSM); Mauritian Social Democrat Party or PMSD [Charles Xavier-Luc DUVAL]; Militant Socialist Movement or MSM [Pravind JUGNAUTH] (the governing party); Rodrigues Movement or MR [Joseph (Nicholas) Von MALLY]; Rodrigues Peoples Organization or OPR [Serge CLAIR]
Mayotte Democratic Front or FD [Youssouf MOUSSA]; Mahoran Popular Movement or MPM [Ahmed MADI]; Federation of Mahorans or RPR (UMP) [Mansour KAMARDINE]; Force of the Rally and the Alliance for Democracy or FRAP; Movement for Department Status Mayotte or MDM [Mouhoutar SALIM]; Renewed Communist Party of Mayotte or MRC [Omar SIMBA]; Socialist Party or PS (local branch of French Parti Socialiste) [Ibrahim ABUBACAR]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Henri JEAN-BAPTISTE]
Mexico Convergence for Democracy or CD [Dante DELGADO Ranauro]; Institutional Revolutionary Party (Institutional Revolutionary Party) or PRI [leader NA]; Mexican Green Ecological Party or PVEM [Jorge Emilio GONZALEZ Martinez]; National Action Party (Partido Accion Nacional) or PAN [Manuel ESPINO Barrientos]; New Alliance Party (Partido Nueva Alianza) or PNA [Miguel Angel JIMENEZ Godines]; Party of the Democratic Revolution (Partido de la Revolucion Democratica) or PRD [Leonel COTA Montano]; Workers Party or PT [Alberto ANAYA Gutierrez]
Micronesia, Federated States of no formal parties
Moldova Braghis Faction [Dumitru BRAGHIS]; Christian Democratic People's Party or PPCD [Iurie ROSCA]; Communist Party of the Republic of Moldova or PCRM [Vladimir VORONIN, first chairman]; Democratic Moldova Bloc (comprised of the AMN, Democratic Party, and PSL); Democratic Party [Dumitru DIACOV]; Our Moldova Alliance or AMN [Serafim URECHEANU]; Social Liberal Party or PSL [Oleg SEREBRIAN]
Monaco National and Democratic Union or UND [Guy MAGNAN]; Union for Monaco or UPM (including National Union for the Future of Monaco or UNAM)
Mongolia Citizens' Will Republican Party or CWRP (also called Civil Courage Republican Party or CCRP) [Sanjaasurengiin OYUN]; Democratic Party or DP [Tsakhiagiyn ELBEGDORJ]; Motherland-Mongolian New Socialist Democratic Party or M-MNSDP [Badarchyn ERDENEBAT]; Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party or MPRP [Miegombyn ENKHBOLD]; Mongolian Republican Party or MRP [Bazarsadyn JARGALSAIKHAN]; People's Party or PP [Lamjav GUNDALAI] note: DP and M-MNSDP formed Motherland-Democracy Coalition (MDC) in 2003 and with CWRP contested June 2004 elections as single party; MDC's leadership dissolved coalition in December 2004
Montenegro Albanian Alternative or AA; Bosniak Party or BS [Rafet HUSOVIC]; Coalition for a European Montenegro (Democratic Party of Socialists or DPS and Social Democratic Party or SDP) [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Coalition SPP/NS/DSS; Democratic League-Party of Democratic Prosperity [Mehmet BARHDI]; Democratic Serbian Party of Montenegro or DSS; Democratic Union of Albanians or DUA [Ferhat DINOSA]; Liberal Party of Montenegro or LP [Miodrag ZIVKOVIC]; Movement for Changes or PZP [Nebojsa MEDOJEVIC]; People's Party of Montenegro or NS [Predrag POPOVIC]; Serbian People's Party of Montenegro or SNS [Andrija MANDIC]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Ranko KRIVOKAPIC]; Social Democratic Party of Montenegro or DPS [Milo DJUKANOVIC]; Socialist People's Party or SNP [Predrag BULATOVIC]
Montserrat Montserrat Democratic Party or MDP [Lowell LEWIS]; Movement for Change and Prosperity or MCAP [Roselyn CASSELL-SEALY]; New People's Liberation Movement or NPLM [John A. OSBORNE]
Morocco Action Party or PA [Muhammad EL IDRISSI]; Alliance of Liberties or ADL [Ali BELHAJ]; Annahj Addimocrati or Annahj [Abdellah EL HARIF]; Avant Garde Social Democratic Party or PADS [Ahmed BENJELLOUN]; Citizen Forces or FC [Abderrahman LAHJOUJI]; Citizen's Initiatives for Development [Mohamed BENHAMOU]; Constitutional Union or UC [Mohamed ABIED (interim)]; Democratic and Independence Party or PDI [Abdelwahed MAACH]; Democratic and Social Movement or MDS [Mahmoud ARCHANE]; Democratic Socialist Party or PSD [Aissa OUARDIGHI]; Democratic Union or UD [Bouazza IKKEN]; Environment and Development Party or PED [Ahmed EL ALAMI]; Front of Democratic Forces or FFD [Thami EL KHYARI]; Istiqlal Party (Independence Party) or PI [Abbas El FASSI]; Justice and Development Party or PJD [Saad Eddine OTHMANI]; Moroccan Liberal Party or PML [Mohamed ZIANE]; National Democratic Party or PND [Abdallah KADIRI]; National Ittihadi Congress Party or CNI [Abdelmajid BOUZOUBAA]; National Popular Movement or MNP [Mahjoubi AHERDANE]; National Rally of Independents or RNI [Ahmed OSMAN]; National Union of Popular Forces or UNFP [Abdellah IBRAHIM]; Parti Al Ahd or Al Ahd [Najib EL OUAZZANI, chairman]; Party of Progress and Socialism or PPS [Ismail ALAOUI]; Party of Renewal and Equity or PRE [Chakir ACHABAR]; Party of the Unified Socialist Left or GSU [Mohamed Ben Said AIT IDDER]; Popular Movement or MP [Mohamed LAENSER]; Reform and Development Party or PRD [Abderrahmane EL KOUHEN]; Social Center Party or PSC [Lahcen MADIH]; Socialist Union of Popular Forces or USFP [Mohammed El-YAZGHI]
Mozambique Front for the Liberation of Mozambique (Frente de Liberatacao de Mocambique) or FRELIMO [Armando Emilio GUEBUZA, president]; Mozambique National Resistance-Electoral Union (Resistencia Nacional Mocambicana-Uniao Eleitoral) or RENAMO-UE [Afonso DHLAKAMA, president]
Namibia Congress of Democrats or COD [Ben ULENGA]; Democratic Turnhalle Alliance of Namibia or DTA [Katuutire KAURA, president]; Monitor Action Group or MAG [Jurie VILJOEN]; South West Africa People's Organization or SWAPO [Sam Shafishuna NUJOMA]; United Democratic Front or UDF [Justus GAROEB]; Republican Party or RP [Henk MUDGE]; National Unity Democratic Organization or NUDO [Kuaima RIRUAKO]
Nauru loose multiparty system; Democratic Party [Kennan ADEANG]; Nauru Party (informal); Nauru First (Naoero Amo) Party
Nepal Communist Party of Nepal/United Marxist-Leninist or CPN/UML [Madhav Kumar NEPAL, general secretary]; National Democratic Party or NDP (also called Rastriya Prajantra Party or RPP) [Pashupati Shumsher RANA, chairman]; Nepali Congress-Democratic [Sher Bahadur DEUBA, president]; Nepali Congress or NC [Girija Prasad KOIRALA, party president, Sushil KOIRALA, vice president]; Nepal Sadbhavana (Goodwill) Party or NSP - Mandal [Bhadri Prasad MANDAL, party president]; Nepal Sadbhavana Party - Ananda Devi [Ananda DEVI, president]; Nepal Workers and Peasants Party or NWPP [Narayan Man BIJUKCHHE, party chairman]; People's Front Nepal (Rastriya Jana Morcha) [Amik SHERCHAN, chairman]; Rastriya Janashakti Party or RJP [Surya Bahadur THAPA, chairman]; note - split from RPP in March 2005; Samyukta Janmorcha Nepal [leader NA]; note - merged with People's Front Nepal or PFN in 2002
Netherlands Christian Democratic Appeal or CDA [Ernst Hirsch BALLIN]; Christian Union Party [Andre ROUVOET]; Democrats 66 or D66 [Lousewies VAN DER LAAN]; Green Party [Femke HALSEMA]; Labor Party or PvdA [Wouter BOS]; List Pim Fortuyn [Ton VAN DILLEN]; Party for Freedom [Geert WILDERS]; People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Liberal) or VVD [Pieter WINSEMIUS]; Socialist Party [Jan MARIJNISSEN]; plus a few minor parties
Netherlands Antilles Bonaire: Democratic Party of Bonaire or PDB [Jopi ABRAHAM]; Patriotic Union of Bonaire or UPB [Ramonsito BOOI] Curacao: Ban Vota [Norbert GEORGE]; C-93 [Stanley BROWN]; Democratic Party of Curacao or DP [Errol HERNANDEZ]; E Mayoria [Aurelio PEDRO]; Forsa Korsou [Nelson NAVARRO]; Liste Ni'un Paso Atras [Nelson PIERRE]; Movemiento Patriotiko Korsou [Reginald LAK]; New Antilles Movement or MAN [Charles COOPER]; Partido Akshon Pa Prosperidat I Seguridat [Sonja BERKEMEYER]; Partido Laboral Krusada Popular or PLKP [Errol COVA]; Party for the Restructured Antilles or PAR [Emily de JONGH-ELHAGE]; People's National Party or PNP [Ersilia DE LANNOOY]; Pidjin [Jasmin PINEDO]; Pueblo Soberano [Herman WIELS]; Workers' Liberation Front or FOL [Anthony GODETT] Saba: Saba Labor Party [Akilah LEVENSTONE]; Windward Islands People's Movement or WIPM [Ray HASSELL] Sint Eustatius: Democratic Party of Sint Eustatius or DP-St. E [Julian WOODLEY]; Progressive Labor Party [Clyde VAN PUTTEN]; St. Eustatius Alliance [Ingrid HOUTMAN-WHITFIELD] Sint Maarten: Democratic Party of Sint Maarten or DP-St. M [Sarah WESCOTT-WILLIAMS]; Freedom Slate of National Democratic Party [Theophilus PRIEST]; National Alliance or NA [William MARLIN]; People's Progressive Alliance or PPA [Gracita ARRINDELL]; St. Maarten People's Party [Johan LEONARD]; United People's Labor Party [Bienvenido RICHARDSON] note: political parties are indigenous to each island
New Caledonia Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Caledonian Union or UC; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Francois BURCK]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [leader NA] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic (anti independent) or RPCR-UMP [Jacques LAFLEUR]; The Future Together or AE [Harold MARTIN]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist, but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO]
New Zealand ACT New Zealand [Rodney HIDE]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS]; Maori Party [Whatarangi WINIATA]; National Party or NP [Don BRASH]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; Progressive Party [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; United Future or UF [Peter DUNNE]
Nicaragua Alliance for the Republic or APRE [Miguel LOPEZ Baldizon]; Central American Unionist Party or PUCA [Blanca ROJAS]; Christian Alternative Party or AC [Orlando TARDENCILLA Espinoza]; Conservative Party or PC [Mario Sebastian RAPPACCIOLI]; Independent Liberal Party or PLI [Anibal MARTINEZ Nunez, Pedro REYES Vallejos]; Independent Liberal Party for National Unity or PLIUN [Carlos GUERRA Gallardo]; Liberal Constitutional Party or PLC [Jorge CASTILLO Quant]; Liberal Salvation Movement or MSL [Eliseo NUNEZ Hernandez]; New Liberal Party or PALI [Adolfo GARCIA Esquivel]; Nicaraguan Liberal Alliance or ALN [Eduardo MONTEALEGRE]; Nicaraguan Party of the Christian Path or PCCN [Guillermo OSORNO Molina]; Nicaraguan Resistance Party or PRN [Salvador TALAVERA]; Sandinista National Liberation Front or FSLN [Daniel ORTEGA Saavedra]; Sandinista Renovation Movement or MRS [Dora Maria TELLEZ]; Unity Alliance or AU
Niger Democratic and Social Convention-Rahama or CDS-Rahama [Mahamane OUSMANE]; National Movement for a Developing Society-Nassara or MNSD-Nassara [Hama AMADOU]; Niger Social Democratic Party or PSDN; Nigerien Alliance for Democracy and Social Progress-Zaman Lahiya or ANDP-Zaman Lahiya [Moumouni DJERMAKOYE]; Nigerien Party for Autonomy or PNA-Alouma'a [Sanousi JACKOU]; Nigerien Party for Democracy and Socialism or PNDS-Tarrayya [Issifou MAHAMADOU]; Nigerien Progressive Party or PPN-RDA [Abdoulaye DIORI]; Rally for Democracy and Progress or RDP-jama'a [Hamid ALGABID]; Social and Democratic Rally or RSD-Gaskiyya [Cheiffou AMADOU]
Nigeria Alliance for Democracy or AD [Mojisoluwa AKINFENWA]; All Nigeria Peoples' Party or ANPP [Don ETIEBET]; All Progressives Grand Alliance or APGA [disputed leadership]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Aliyu Habu FARI]; Peoples Democratic Party or PDP [Dr. Ahmadu ALI]; Peoples Redemption Party or PRP [Abdulkadir Balarabe MUSA]; Peoples Salvation Party or PSP [Lawal MAITURARE]; United Nigeria Peoples Party or UNPP [disputed leadership]
Niue Alliance of Independents or AI; Niue People's Action Party or NPP [Young VIVIAN]
Norfolk Island none
Northern Mariana Islands Covenant Party [Benigno R. FITIAL]; Democratic Party [Dr. Carlos S. CAMACHO]; Republican Party [Juan S. REYES]
Norway Center Party [Aslaug Marie HAGA]; Christian People's Party [Dagfinn HOYBRATEN]; Coastal Party [Roy WAAGE]; Conservative Party [Erna SOLBERG]; Labor Party [Jens STOLTENBERG]; Liberal Party [Lars SPONHEIM]; Progress Party [Siv JENSEN]; Red Electoral Alliance [Torstein DAHLE]; Socialist Left Party [Kristin HALVORSEN]
Oman none
Pakistan Awami National Party or ANP [Asfandyar Wali KHAN]; Balochistan National Party/Hayee Group or BNP/H [Dr. Hayee BALUCH]; Baluch National Party/Awami or BNP/Awami [Moheem Khan BALOCH]; Baluch National Party-Mengal or BNP/M [Sardar Ataullah MENGAL]; Jamhoori Watan Party or JWP; Jamiat-al-Hadith or JAH [Sajid MIR]; Jamiat-i-Islami or JI [Qazi Hussain AHMED]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Fazlur Rehman faction or JUI/F [Fazlur REHMAN]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Islam, Sami ul-HAQ faction or JUI/S [Sami ul-HAQ]; Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan or JUP [Shah Faridul HAQ]; Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal Pakistan or MMA [Qazi Hussain AHMED]; Muttahida Qaumi Movement, Altaf faction or MQM/A [Altaf HUSSAIN]; Muttahida Quami Movement, Haqiqi faction or MQM/H [Afaq AHMAD]; National Alliance or NA [Ghulam Mustapha JATOI]; Pakhtun Khwa Milli Awami Party or PkMAP [Mahmood Khan ACHAKZAI]; Pakhtun Quami Party or PQP [Mohammed Afzal KHAN]; Pakistan Awami Tehrik or PAT [Tahir ul QADRI]; Pakistan Muslim League, Functional Group or PML/F [Pir PAGARO]; Pakistan Muslim League, Nawaz Sharif faction or PML/N [Nawaz SHARIF]; Pakistan Muslim League or PML [Chaudhry Shujaat HUSSAIN]; note - as of May 2004, the PML/Q changed its name to PML and absorbed the PML/J, PML/Z, and NA; Pakistan National Party or PNP [Hasil BIZENJO]; Pakistan People's Party or PPP [Aftab Ahmed Khan SHERPAO]; Pakistan People's Party Parliamentarians or PPPP [Benazir BHUTTO]; Pakistan Tehrik-e-Insaaf or PTI [Imran KHAN]; Tehrik-i-Islami [Allama Sajid NAQVI] note: political alliances in Pakistan can shift frequently
Palau none
Panama Democratic Change or CD [Ricardo MARTINELLI]; Democratic Revolutionary Party or PRD [Hugo GUIRAUD]; National Liberal Party or PLN [Anibal GALINDO]; Nationalist Republican Liberal Movement or MOLIRENA [Jesus ROSAS]; Panamenista Party or PA (formerly the Arnulfista Party) [Marco AMEGLIO]; Popular Party or PP (formerly Christian Democratic Party or PDC) [Ricardo ARIAS Calderon]; Solidarity Party or PS [Jose Raul MULINO]
Papua New Guinea Christian Democratic Party [Dr. Banare BUN]; Melanesian Alliance Party or MAP [Sir Moi AVEL]; National Alliance Party or NA [Michael SOMARE]; National Party [Melcher PEP]; Papua and Niugini Union Party or PANGU [Rabbie NAMALIU]; Papua New Guinea First Party [Cecilking DORUBA]; Papua New Guinea Labor Party [Bob DANAYA]; Papua New Guinea Party or PNGP (was People's Democratic Movement or PDM) [Sir Mekere MORAUTA]; People's Action Party or PAP [Moses MALADINA]; People's Labor Party or PLP [Ekis ROPENU]; People's National Congress or PNC [Peter O'NEILL]; People's Progress Party or PPP [Byron CHAN]; Pipol First Party [Luther WENGE]; United Party [Bire KIMASOPA]; United Resources Party or URP [Tim NEVILLE] (2005)
Paraguay Asociacion Nacional Republicana - Colorado Party or ANR [Herminio CACERES, interim president]; Movimiento Union Nacional de Ciudadanos Eticos or UNACE [Enrique GONZALEZ Quintana, acting chairman]; Patria Querida (Beloved Fatherland Party) or PQ [Pedro Nicolas Maraa FADUL Niella]; Partido Encuentro Nacional or PEN [Luis TORALES Kennedy]; Partido Liberal Radical Autentico or PLRA [Blas LLANO]; Partido Pais Solidario or PPS [Carlos Alberto FILIZZOLA Pallares] note: Nicanor DUARTE FRUTOS on leave as party leader of the Colorado Party or ANR while serving as President of Paraguay; Lino Cesar OVIEDO Silva, leader of UNACE, is currently serving a ten-year prison term
Peru Alliance For Progress (Alianza Para El Progreso) [Cesar ACUNA Peralta]; Alliance For The Future (Alianza Por El Futuro) or AF - a coalition of pro-FUJIMORI parties including Cambio 90, Nueva Mayoria, and Si Cumple [Martha CHAVEZ Cossio]; Centrist Front (Frente Del Centro) or FC - a coalition of Accion Popular, Somos Peru, and Coordinadora Nacional de Independientes [Valentin PANIAGUA Corazoa]; Independent Moralizing Front (Frente Independiente Moralizador) or FIM [Fernando OLIVERA Vega]; Nationalist Party Uniting Peru (Partido Nacionalista Uniendo al Peru) or UPP - a coalition of Union for Peru (UPP) and Peruvian Nationalist Party (PNP) [Ollanta HUMALA Tasso]; National Restoration (Restauracion Nacional) or RN [Humberto LAY Sun]; National Unity (Unidad Nacional) or UN [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Peru Possible (Peru Posible) or PP [David WAISMAN]; Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista Peruano) or PAP - also referred to by its original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA [Alan GARCIA]
Philippines Kabalikat Ng Malayang Pilipino (Kampi) [Ronaldo PUNO]; Laban Ng Demokratikong Pilipino (Struggle of Filipino Democrats) or LDP [Edgardo ANGARA]; Lakas Ng Edsa (National Union of Christian Democrats) or Lakas [Jose DE VENECIA]; Liberal Party or LP [Franklin DRILON/Eli QUINTO]; Nacionalista [Manuel VILLAR]; National People's Coalition or NPC [Frisco SAN JUAN]; PDP-Laban [Aquilino PIMENTEL]; People's Reform Party [Miriam Defensor SANTIAGO]; PROMDI [Emilio OSMENA]; Pwersa Ng Masang Pilipino (Party of the Philippine Masses) or PMP [Joseph ESTRADA]; Reporma [Renato DE VILLA]
Pitcairn Islands none
Poland Catholic-National Movement or RKN [Antoni MACIEREWICZ]; Civic Platform or PO [Donald TUSK]; Conservative Peasants Party or SKL [Artur BALASZ]; Democratic Left Alliance or SLD [Wojciech OLEJNICZAK]; Democratic Party or PD [Wladyslaw FRASYNIUK]; Dom Ojczysty (Fatherland Home); German Minority of Lower Silesia or MNSO [Henryk KROLL]; Law and Justice or PiS [Jaroslaw KACZYNSKI]; League of Polish Families or LPR [Marek KOTLINOWSKI]; Peasant-Democratic Party or PLD [Roman JAGIELINSKI]; Polish Accord or PP [Jan LOPUSZANSKI]; Polish Peasant Party or PSL [Waldemar PAWLAK]; Ruch Patriotyczny or RP [Jan OLSZEWSKI]; Samoobrona or SO [Andrzej LEPPER]; Social Democratic Party of Poland or SDPL [Marek BOROWSKI]; Social Movement or RS [Krzysztof PIESIEWICZ]; Union of Labor or UP [Andrzej SPYCHALSKI]
Portugal Green Ecologist Party or PEV [Heloisa APOLONIA]; Popular Party or PP [Jose Ribeiro e CASTRO]; Portuguese Communist Party or PCP [Jeronimo de SOUSA]; Portuguese Socialist Party or PS [Jose SOCRATES Carvalho Pinto de Sousa]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Luis Marques MENDES]; The Left Bloc or BE [Franciso Anacleto LOUCA]; Unitarian Democratic Coalition or CDU (includes PEV and PCP) [Jeronimo de SOUSA]
Puerto Rico National Democratic Party [Roberto PRATS]; National Republican Party of Puerto Rico [Dr. Tiody FERRE]; New Progressive Party or PNP (pro-US statehood) [Pedro ROSSELLO]; Popular Democratic Party or PPD (pro-commonwealth) [Anibal ACEVEDO-VILA]; Puerto Rican Independence Party or PIP (pro-independence) [Ruben BERRIOS Martinez]
Qatar none
Reunion Communist Party of Reunion or PCR [Elie HOARAU]; Rally for the Republic or RPR [Andre Maurice PIHOUEE]; Socialist Party or PS [Michel VERGOZ]; Union for French Democracy or UDF [Gilbert GERARD]; Union for a Popular Movement or UMP
Romania Conservative Party or PC [Dan VOICULESCU], formerly Humanist Party or PUR; Democratic Party or PD [Emil BOC]; Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania or UDMR [Bela MARKO]; National Liberal Party or PNL [Calin Popescu-TARICEANU]; Romania Mare Party (Greater Romanian Party) or PRM [Corneliu Vadim TUDOR]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Mircea Dan GEOANA], formerly Party of Social Democracy in Romania or PDSR
Russia A Just Russia or JR [Sergei MIRONOV] (formed from the merger of three small political parties: Motherland Party (Rodina), Pensioner's Party, and Party of Life); Communist Party of the Russian Federation or CPRF [Gennadiy Andreyevich ZYUGANOV]; Liberal Democratic Party of Russia or LDPR [Vladimir Volfovich ZHIRINOVSKIY]; People's Party [Gennady RAIKOV]; Union of Right Forces or SPS [Nikita BELYKH]; United Russia or UR [Boris Vyacheslavovich GRYZLOV]; Yabloko Party [Grigoriy Alekseyevich YAVLINSKIY]
Rwanda Centrist Democratic Party or PDC [Alfred MUKEZAMFURA]; Democratic Popular Union of Rwanda or UDPR [Adrien RANGIRA]; Democratic Republican Movement or MDR [Celestin KABANDA] (officially banned); Islamic Democratic Party or PDI [Andre BUMAYA]; Liberal Party or PL [Prosper HIGIRO]; Party for Democratic Renewal (officially banned); Rwandan Patriotic Front or RPF [Paul KAGAME]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Vincent BIRUTA]
Saint Helena none
Saint Kitts and Nevis Concerned Citizens Movement or CCM [Vance AMORY]; Nevis Reformation Party or NRP [Joseph PARRY]; People's Action Movement or PAM [Lindsey GRANT]; Saint Kitts and Nevis Labor Party or SKNLP [Dr. Denzil DOUGLAS]
Saint Lucia National Alliance or NA [George ODLUM]; Saint Lucia Freedom Party or SFP [Martinus FRANCOIS]; Saint Lucia Labor Party or SLP [Kenneth ANTHONY]; Sou Tout Apwe Fete Fini or STAFF [Christopher HUNTE]; United Workers Party or UWP [Sir John COMPTON]
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Left Radical Party or PRG; Rassemblement pour la Republique or RPR (now UMP); Socialist Party or PS; Union pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines New Democratic Party or NDP [Arnhim EUSTACE]; Unity Labor Party or ULP [Ralph GONSALVES] (formed by the coalition of Saint Vincent Labor Party or SVLP and the Movement for National Unity or MNU)
Samoa Human Rights Protection Party or HRPP [Sailele Malielegaoi TUILA'EPA]; Samoa Christian Party or TCP [Tuala Tiresa MALIETOA]; Samoa Democratic United Party or SDUP [LE MAMEA Ropati]; Samoa Party or SP [Su'a Rimoni Ah CHONG]; Samoa Progressive Political Party or SPPP [Toeolesulusulu SIUEVA]
San Marino Communist Refoundation or RC [Ivan FOSHI]; Ideas in Movement or IM [Alessandro ROSSI]; National Alliance or AN; New Socialist Party; Party of Socialists and Democrats [Claudio FELICI]; San Marino Christian Democratic Party or PDCS [Giovanni LONFERNINI]; San Marino Popular Alliance of Democrats or APDS [Roberto GIORGETTI]; San Marino Socialist Party or PSS [Alberto CECCHETTI]; Socialists for Reform or SR [Renzo GIARDI]; United Left
Sao Tome and Principe Democratic Renovation Party [Armindo GRACA]; Force for Change Democratic Movement or MDFM; Independent Democratic Action or ADI [Carlos NEVES]; Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD [Manuel Pinto Da COSTA]; Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD [Aldo BANDEIRA]; Ue-Kedadji coalition; other small parties
Saudi Arabia none
Senegal African Party for Democracy and Socialism or And Jef (also known as PADS/AJ) [Landing SAVANE, secretary general]; African Party of Independence [Majhemout DIOP]; Alliance of Forces of Progress or AFP [Moustapha NIASSE]; Democratic and Patriotic Convention or CDP (also known as Garab-Gi) [Dr. Iba Der THIAM]; Democratic League-Labor Party Movement or LD-MPT [Dr. Abdoulaye BATHILY]; Front for Socialism and Democracy or FSD [Cheikh Abdoulaye DIEYE]; Gainde Centrist Bloc or BGC [Jean-Paul DIAS]; Independence and Labor Party or PIT [Amath DANSOKHO]; National Democratic Rally or RND [Madier DIOUF]; Senegalese Democratic Party or PDS [Abdoulaye WADE]; Socialist Party or PS [Ousmane Tanor DIENG]; SOPI Coalition [Abdoulaye WADE] (a coalition led by the PDS); Union for Democratic Renewal or URD [Djibo Leyti KA]; other small parties
Serbia Democratic Party of Serbia or DSS [Vojislav KOSTUNICA]; Democratic Party or DS [Boris TADIC]; G17 Plus [Mladjan DINKIC is acting leader]; Serbian Radical Party or SRS [Vojislav SESELJ, but Tomislav NIKOLIC is acting leader]; Socialist Party of Serbia or SPS [vacant, but Ivica DACIC is head of the SPS Main Board]; New Serbia or NS [Velimir ILIC]; Serbian Renewal Movement or SPO [Vuk DRASKOVIC]
Seychelles Democratic Party or DP [James MANCHAM, Daniel BELLE]; Mouvement Seychellois pour la Democratie [Jacques HODOUL]; Seychelles National Party or SNP [Wavel RAMKALAWAN] (formerly the United Opposition or UO); Seychelles People's Progressive Front or SPPF [France Albert RENE, James MICHEL] (the governing party)
Sierra Leone All People's Congress or APC [Ben KANU]; Peace and Liberation Party or PLP [Darlington MORRISON, interim chairman]; Sierra Leone People's Party or SLPP [Sama BANYA]; numerous others
Singapore People's Action Party or PAP [LEE Hsien Loong]; Singapore Democratic Alliance or SDA [CHIAM See Tong]; Singapore Democratic Party or SDP [CHEE Soon Juan]; Workers' Party or WP [Sylvia LIM Swee Lian] note: SDA includes National Solidarity Party or NSP, Singapore Justice Party or SJP, Singapore National Malay Organization or PKMS, Singapore People's Party or SPP
Slovakia Christian Democratic Movement or KDH [Pavol HRUSOVSKY]; Direction-Social Democracy or Smer-SD [Robert FICO]; Free Forum [Zuzana MARTINAKOVA]; Movement for Democracy or HZD [Jozef GRAPA]; People's Party - Movement for a Democratic Slovakia or LS-HZDS [Vladimir MECIAR]; New Citizens Alliance or ANO [Pavol RUSKO]; Party of the Hungarian Coalition or SMK [Bela BUGAR]; People's Union or LU [Gustav KRAJCI]; Slovak Communist Party or KSS [Vladimir DADO]; Slovak Democratic and Christian Union or SDKU [Mikulas DZURINDA]; Slovak National Party or SNS [Jan SLOTA]
Slovenia Democratic Party of Retired (Persons) of Slovenia or DeSUS [Karl ERJAVEC]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDS [Jelko KACIN]; New Slovenia or NSi [Andrej BAJUK]; Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS [Janez JANSA]; Slovene National Party or SNS [Zmago JELINCIC]; Slovene People's Party or SLS [Janez PODOBNIK]; Slovene Youth Party or SMS [Darko KRANJC]; Social Democrats or SD [Borut PAHOR]
Solomon Islands Association of Independent Members or AIM [Thomas CHAN]; Christian Alliance Solomon Islands or CASI [Edward RONIA]; LAFARI Party [John GARO]; National Party [Francis HILLY]; People's Alliance Party or PAP [Sir Allan KEMAKEZA]; Social Credit Party or SOCRED [Manasseh Damukana SOGAVARE]; Solomon First Party [David QUAN]; Solomon Islands Democratic Party [Gabriel SURI]; Solomon Islands Labor Party or SILP [Joses TUHANUKU]; Solomon Islands Liberal Party [Bartholomew ULUFA'ALU]; Solomon Islands Party for Rural Advancement or SIPRA [Job D. TAUSINGA]; United Party [Sir Peter KENILOREA] note: in general, Solomon Islands politics is characterized by fluid coalitions
Somalia none
South Africa African Christian Democratic Party or ACDP [Kenneth MESHOE, president]; African National Congress or ANC [Thabo MBEKI, president]; Democratic Alliance or DA [Anthony LEON] (formed from the merger of the Democratic Party or DP and the Freedom Alliance or FA); Inkatha Freedom Party or IFP [Mangosuthu BUTHELEZI, president]; Pan-Africanist Congress or PAC [Stanley MOGOBA, president]; New National Party or NNP; United Democratic Movement or UDM [Bantu HOLOMISA]
Spain Basque Nationalist Party or PNV [Josu Jon IMAZ]; Canarian Coalition or CC (a coalition of five parties) [Paulino RIVERO Baute]; Convergence and Union or CiU [Artur MAS i Gavarro] (a coalition of the Democratic Convergence of Catalonia or CDC [Artur MAS i Gavarro] and the Democratic Union of Catalonia or UDC [Josep Antoni DURAN y LLEIDA]); Entesa Catalonia de Progress (a Senate coalition grouping four Catalan parties - PSC, ERC, ICV, EUA); Galician Nationalist Bloc or BNG [Anxo Manuel QUINTANA]; Party of Independents from Lanzarote or PIL [Dimas MARTIN Martin]; Popular Party or PP [Mariano RAJOY]; Republican Left of Catalonia or ERC [Joan Puigcercos BOIXASSA]; Spanish Socialist Workers Party or PSOE [Jose Luis RODRIGUEZ ZAPATERO]; United Left or IU (a coalition of parties including the PCE and other small parties) [Gaspar LLAMAZARES]
Sri Lanka All Ceylon Tamil Congress or ACTC [KUMARGURUPARAM]; Ceylon Workers Congress or CWC [Arumugam THONDAMAN]; Communist Party or CP [D. GUNASEKERA]; Democratic United National (Lalith) Front or DUNLF [Shrimani ATULATHMUDALI]; Eelam People's Democratic Party or EPDP [Douglas DEVANANDA]; Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front or EPRLF [Suresh PREMACHANDRAN]; Janatha Vimukthi Perumuna or JVP [Somawansa AMARASINGHE]; Lanka Sama Samaja Party or LSSP; Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (People's United Front) or MEP [D. GUNAWARDENE]; National Heritage Party or JHU [Tilak KARUNARATNE]; National Unity Alliance or NUA [Ferial ASHRAFF]; People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam or PLOTE [D. SIDHARTHAN]; Sihala Urumaya or SU; Sri Lanka Freedom Party or SLFP [Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA]; Sri Lanka Muslim Congress or SLMC [Rauff HAKEEM]; Sri Lanka Progressive Front or SLPF [P. Nelson PERERA]; Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization or TELO [SABARATNAM]; Tamil National Alliance or TNA [R. SAMPANTHAN]; Tamil United Liberation Front or TULF [V. ANANDASANGAREE]; United National Party or UNP [Ranil WICKREMASINGHE]; Up-country People's Front or UPF [P. CHANDRASEKARAN]; several ethnic Tamil and Muslim parties, represented in either Parliament or provincial councils
Sudan political parties in the Government of National Unity include: National Congress Party or NCP [Ibrahim Ahmed OMAR]; Sudan People's Liberation Movement or SPLM [Salva Mayardit KIIR]; and elements of the National Democratic Alliance or NDA including factions of the Democratic Union Party [Muhammad Uthman al-MIRGHANI] and Umma Party [SADIQ Siddiq al-Mahdi]
Suriname Alternative-1 or A-1 (a coalition of Amazone Party of Suriname or APS [Kenneth VAN GENDEREN], Democrats of the 21st Century or D-21 [Soewarto MOESTADJA], Nieuw Suriname or NS [Radjen Nanan PANDAY], Political Wing of the FAL or PVF [Jiwan SITAL], Trefpunt 2000 or T-2000 [Arti JESSURUN]); General Interior Development Party or ABOP [Ronnie BRUNSWIJK]; National Democratic Party or NDP [Desire BOUTERSE]; New Front for Democracy and Development or NF (a coalition which includes A-Combination or A-Com [leader NA], Democratic Alternative 1991 or DA-91 which split from the A-1 before the elections of May 2005 and are an independent, business-oriented party [Winston JESSURUN], National Party Suriname or NPS [Ronald VENETIAAN], United Reform Party or VHP [Ram SARDJOE], Pertjaja Luhur or PL [Salam Paul SOMOHARDJO], Surinamese Labor Party or SPA [Siegfried GILDS]); Party for Democracy and Development in Unity or DOE [Marten SCHALKWIJK]; People's Alliance for Progress or VVV (a coalition of Democratic National Platform 2000 or DNP-2000 [Jules WIJDENBOSCH], Grassroots Party for Renewal and Democracy or BVD [Tjan GOBARDHAN], Party for National Unity and Solidarity of the Highest Order or KTPI [Willy SOEMITA], Party for Progression, Justice, and Perseverance or PPRS [Renee KAIMAN], Pendawalima or PL [Raymond SAPOEN]); Progressive Laborers and Farmers Union or PALU [Jim HOK]; Progressive Political Party or PPP [Surinder MUNGRA]; Seeka [Paul ABENA]; Union of Progressive Surinamers or UPS [Sheoradj PANDAY]
Swaziland political parties are banned by the government under an emergency decree that will be revoked when the new constitution takes effect (January 2006)- the following are considered political associations; Imbokodvo National Movement or INM; Ngwane National Liberatory Congress or NNLC [Obed DLAMINI, president]; People's United Democratic Movement or PUDEMO [Mario MASUKU, president]
Sweden Center Party [Maud OLOFSSON]; Christian Democratic Party [Goran HAGGLUND]; Environment Party the Greens [no formal leader but party spokespersons are Maria WETTERSTRAND and Peter ERIKSSON]; Left Party or V (formerly Communist) [Lars OHLY]; Moderate Party (conservative) [Fredrik REINFELDT]; People's Party [Lars LEIJONBORG]; Social Democratic Party [Goran PERSSON]
Switzerland Green Party (Grune Partei der Schweiz or Grune, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) [Ruth GENNER]; Christian Democratic People's Party (Christichdemokratische Volkspartei der Schweiz or CVP, Parti Democrate-Chretien Suisse or PDC, Partito Democratico-Cristiano Popolare Svizzero or PDC, Partida Cristiandemocratica dalla Svizra or PCD) [Doris LEUTHARD, president]; Radical Free Democratic Party (Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei der Schweiz or FDP, Parti Radical-Democratique Suisse or PRD, Partitio Liberal-Radicale Svizzero or PLR) [Marianne KLEINER-SCHLAEPFER, president]; Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SPS, Parti Socialist Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) [Hans-Juerg FEHR, president]; Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica de Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC) [Ueli MAURER, president]; and other minor parties
Syria Arab Socialist Unionist Movement [Ahmed al-AHMED]; National Progressive Front or NPF (includes Arab Socialist Renaissance (Ba'th) Party; the governing party) [President Bashar al-ASAD, secretary general]; Socialist Unionist Democratic Party [Fadlallal Nasr Al-DIN]; Syrian Arab Socialist Party or ASP [Safwan QUDSI]; Syrian Communist Party (two branches) [Wissal Farha BAKDASH, Yuusuf Rashid FAYSAL]; Syrian Social National Party [Jubran URAYJI]; Unionist Socialist Party [Fayez ISMAIL]
Taiwan Democratic Progressive Party or DPP [YU Shyi-kun]; Kuomintang or KMT (Nationalist Party) [MA Ying-jeou]; People First Party or PFP [James SOONG (SOONG Chu-yu)]; Taiwan Solidarity Union or TSU [SU Chin-chiang]; other minor parties including the Chinese New Party or NP
Tajikistan Agrarian Party of Tajikistan or APT [Amir KARAKULOV]; Democratic Party or DPT [Mahmadruzi ISKANDAROV]; Islamic Revival Party [Said Abdullo NURI]; Party of Economic Reform or PER [Olimjon BOBOYEV]; People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan or PDPT [Emomali RAHMONOV]; Social Democratic Party or SDPT [Rahmatullo ZOYIROV]; Socialist Party or SPT [Abdualim GHAFFOROV]; Tajik Communist Party or CPT [Shodi SHABDOLOV]
Tanzania Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo (Party of Democracy and Development) or CHADEMA [Bob MAKANI]; Chama Cha Mapinduzi or CCM (Revolutionary Party) [Jakaya Mrisho KIKWETE]; Civic United Front or CUF [Ibrahim LIPUMBA]; Democratic Party [Christopher MTIKLA] (unregistered); Tanzania Labor Party or TLP [Augustine Lyatonga MREME]; United Democratic Party or UDP [John CHEYO]
Thailand Democrat Party or DP (Prachathipat Party) [ABHISIT Wetchachiwa]; People's Party or PP (Mahachon Party) [ANEK Laothamatas]; Thai Nation Party or TNP (Chat Thai Party) [BARNHARN SILPA-ARCHA]; Thai Rak Thai Party or TRT [CHATURON Chaisang]
Togo Juvento [Monsilia DJATO]; Movement of the Believers of Peace and Equality or MOCEP; Rally for the Support for Development and Democracy or RSDD [Harry OLYMPIO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [Faure GNASSINGBE]; Union for Democracy and Social Progress or UDPS [Gagou KOKOU]
Tokelau none
Tonga People's Democratic Party [Tesina FUKO]
Trinidad and Tobago National Alliance for Reconstruction or NAR [Lennox SANKERSINGH]; People's National Movement or PNM [Patrick MANNING]; Team Unity or TU [Ramesh MAHARAJ]; United National Congress or UNC [Basdeo PANDAY]; Democratic Action Committee or DAC [Hochoy CHARLES], note - only active in Tobago
Tunisia Al-Tajdid Movement [Ali HALOUANI]; Constitutional Democratic Rally Party (Rassemblement Constitutionnel Democratique) or RCD [President Zine El Abidine BEN ALI (official ruling party)]; Liberal Social Party or PSL [Mounir BEJI]; Movement of Socialist Democrats or MDS [Ismail BOULAHYA]; Popular Unity Party or PUP [Mohamed BOUCHIHA]; Progressive Democratic Party [Nejib CHEBBI]; Unionist Democratic Union or UDU [Ahmed INOUBLI]
Turkey Anavatan Partisi (once was Motherland Party) or ANAVATAN [Erkan MUMCU]; Democratic Left Party or DSP [Mehmet Zeki SEZER]; Democratic People's Party or DEHAP [Tuncer BAKIRHAN]; Felicity Party (sometimes translated as Contentment Party) or SP [Necmettin ERBAKAN]; Justice and Development Party or AKP [Recep Tayyip ERDOGAN]; Liberal Democratic Party or LDP; Nationalist Action Party or MHP [Devlet BAHCELI]; People's Rise Party (Halkin Yukselisi Partisi) or HYP [Yasr Nuri OZTURK]; Republican People's Party or CHP [Deniz BAYKAL]; Social Democratic People's Party or SHP [Murat KARAYALCIN]; True Path Party (sometimes translated as Correct Way Party) or DYP [Mehmet AGAR] note: the parties listed above are some of the more significant of the 49 parties that Turkey had on 1 December 2004
Turkmenistan Democratic Party of Turkmenistan or DPT [Saparmurat NIYAZOV] note: formal opposition parties are outlawed; unofficial, small opposition movements exist underground or in foreign countries; the two most prominent opposition groups-in-exile have been National Democratic Movement of Turkmenistan (NDMT) and the United Democratic Party of Turkmenistan (UDPT); NDMT was led by former Foreign Minister Boris SHIKHMURADOV until his arrest and imprisonment in the wake of the 25 November 2002 assassination attempt on President NIYAZOV; UDPT is led by former Foreign Minister Abdy KULIEV and is based out of Moscow
Turks and Caicos Islands People's Democratic Movement or PDM [Derek H. TAYLOR]; Progressive National Party or PNP [Michael Eugene MISICK]
Tuvalu there are no political parties but members of Parliament usually align themselves in informal groupings
Uganda Conservative Party or CP [Ken LUKYAMUZI]; Democratic Party or DP [Kizito SSEBAANA]; Forum for Democratic Change or FDC [Kizza BESIGYE]; Justice Forum or JEEMA [Muhammad Kibirige MAYANJA]; National Democrats Forum [Chapaa KARUHANGA]; National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI]; Ugandan People's Congress or UPC [Miria OBOTE] note: a national referendum in July 2005 opened the way for Uganda's transition to a multi-party political system
Ukraine Communist Party of Ukraine or CPU [Petro SYMONENKO]; Fatherland Party (Batkivshchyna) [Yuliya TYMOSHENKO]; Lytyvn-led People's Bloc group [Ihor SHAROV]; Our Ukraine [Viktor YUSHCHENKO]; Party of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs [Anatoliy KINAKH]; People's Movement of Ukraine (Rukh) [Borys TARASYUK]; People's Party [Volodymyr LYTVYN]; People's Trust group [Anton KISSE]; PORA! (It's Time!) party [Vladyslav KASKIV]; Progressive Socialist Party [Natalya VITRENKO]; Reforms and Order Party [Viktor PYNZENYK]; Party of Regions [Viktor YANUKOVYCH]; Republican Party [Yuriy BOYKO]; Social Democratic Party (United) or SDPU(o) [Viktor MEDVEDCHUK]; Socialist Party of Ukraine or SPU [Oleksandr MOROZ, chairman]; Ukrainian People's Party [Yuriy KOSTENKO]; United Ukraine [Bohdan HUBSKYY]; Vidrodzhennya (Revival) [Anton KISSE]
United Arab Emirates none
United Kingdom Conservative and Unionist Party [David CAMERON]; Democratic Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Rev. Ian PAISLEY]; Labor Party [Anthony (Tony) BLAIR]; Liberal Democrats [Sir Menzies CAMPBELL]; Party of Wales (Plaid Cymru) [Dafydd IWAN]; Scottish National Party or SNP [Alex SALMOND]; Sinn Fein (Northern Ireland) [Gerry ADAMS]; Social Democratic and Labor Party or SDLP (Northern Ireland) [Mark DURKAN]; Ulster Unionist Party (Northern Ireland) [Sir Reg EMPEY]
United States Democratic Party [Howard DEAN]; Green Party; Libertarian Party [Steve DAMERELL]; Republican Party [Ken MEHLMAN]
Uruguay Colorado Party [Julio Maria SANGUINETTI]; Independent Party (Partido Independiente) [Pablo MIERES]; Movement of Popular Participation or MPP [Jose MUJICA]; National Party or Blanco [Jorge LARRANAGA]; New Sector/Space Coalition (Nuevo Espacio) [Rafael MICHELINI]; Progressive Encounter/Broad Front Coalition (Encuentro Progresista/Frente Amplio) or EP-FA [Tabare VAZQUEZ]; Socialist Party of Uruguay or Socialists [Reinaldo GARGANO]; Uruguayan Assembly or Asamblea Uruguay [Danilo ASTORI]
Uzbekistan Adolat (Justice) Social Democratic Party [Dilorom TOSHMUHAMMADOVA, chairman]; Democratic National Rebirth Party (Milly Tiklanish) or MTP [Xurshid DOSTMUHAMMADOV, chief]; Liberal Democratic Party of Uzbekistan or LDPU [Adham SHODMONOV, chairman]; People's Democratic Party or NDP (formerly Communist Party) [Asliddin RUSTAMOV, first secretary]; Self-Sacrificers Party or Fidokorlar National Democratic Party [Ahtam TURSUNOV, chief]; note - Fatherland Progress Party merged with Self-Sacrificers Party
Vanuatu Jon Frum Movement [Song KEASPAI]; Melanesian Progressive Party or MPP [Barak SOPE]; National United Party or NUP [Hem LINI]; Union of Moderate Parties or UMP [Serge VOHOR]; Vanua'aku Pati (Our Land Party) or VP [Edward NATAPEI]; Vanuatu Greens Party or VGP [Moana CARCASSES]; Vanuatu Republican Party or VRP [Maxime Carlot KORMAN]
Venezuela Christian Democrats or COPEI [Eduardo FERNANDEZ]; Democratic Action or AD [Jesus MENDEZ Quijada]; Fatherland for All or PPT [Jose ALBORNOZ]; Fifth Republic Movement or MVR [Hugo CHAVEZ]; Justice First [Julio BORGES]; Movement Toward Socialism or MAS [Hector MUJICA]; Venezuela Project or PV [Henrique SALAS Romer]; We Can or PODEMOS [Ismael GARCIA]
Vietnam only party - Communist Party of Vietnam or CPV [Nong Duc MANH]
Virgin Islands Democratic Party [Arturo WATLINGTON]; Independent Citizens' Movement or ICM [Usie RICHARDS]; Republican Party [Gary SPRAUVE]
Wallis and Futuna Lua Kae Tahi (Giscardians); Mouvement des Radicaux de Gauche or MRG; Rally for the Republic or RPR (UMP) [Clovis LOGOLOGOFOLAU]; Socialist Party or PS; Taumu'a Lelei [Soane Muni UHILA]; Union Populaire Locale or UPL [Falakiko GATA]; Union Pour la Democratie Francaise or UDF
Yemen there are more than 12 political parties active in Yemen, some of the more prominent are: General People's Congress or GPC [President Ali Abdallah SALIH]; Islamic Reform Grouping or Islah [Shaykh Abdallah bin Husayn al-AHMAR]; Nasserite Unionist Party [Abdal Malik al-MAKHLAFI]; National Arab Socialist Ba'th Party [Dr. Qasim SALAM]; Yemeni Socialist Party or YSP [Ali Salih MUQBIL]
Zambia Agenda for Zambia or AZ [Inonge MBIKUSITA-LEWANIKA]; Forum for Democracy and Development or FDD [Christon TEMBO]; Heritage Party or HP [Godfrey MIYANDA]; Liberal Progressive Front or LPF [Roger CHONGWE, president]; Movement for Multiparty Democracy or MMD [Levy MWANAWASA, acting president]; National Leadership for Development or NLD [Yobert SHAMAPANDE]; National Party or NP [Dr. Sam CHIPUNGU]; Patriotic Front or PF [Michael SATA]; Social Democratic Party or SDP [Gwendoline KONIE]; United National Independence Party or UNIP [Francis NKHOMA, president]; United Party for National Development or UPND [Anderson MAZOKA]; Zambian Republican Party or ZRP [Benjamin MWILA]
Zimbabwe African National Party or ANP; Movement for Democratic Change or MDC [Morgan TSVANGIRAI]; Peace Action is Freedom for All or PAFA; United Parties [Abel MUZOREWA]; United People's Party [Daniel SHUMBA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Ndonga or ZANU-Ndonga [Wilson KUMBULA]; Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front or ZANU-PF [Robert Gabriel MUGABE]; Zimbabwe African Peoples Union or ZAPU [Agrippa MADLELA]; Zimbabwe Youth in Alliance or ZIYA
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2119 Population
Afghanistan 31,056,997 (July 2006 est.)
Akrotiri no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,300 military personnel are on the base; there are another 5,000 British citizens who are families of military personnel or civilian staff on both Akrotiri and Dhekelia; Cyprus citizens work on the base, but do not live there
Albania 3,581,655 (July 2006 est.)
Algeria 32,930,091 (July 2006 est.)
American Samoa 57,794 (July 2006 est.)
Andorra 71,201 (July 2006 est.)
Angola 12,127,071 (July 2006 est.)
Anguilla 13,477 (July 2006 est.)
Antarctica no indigenous inhabitants, but there are both permanent and summer-only staffed research stations note: 26 nations, all signatory to the Antarctic Treaty, operate through their National Antarctic Program a number of seasonal-only (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent and its nearby islands south of 60 degrees south latitude (the region covered by the Antarctic Treaty); these stations' population of persons doing and supporting science or engaged in the management and protection of the Antarctic region varies from approximately 4,000 in summer to 1,000 in winter; in addition, approximately 1,000 personnel, including ship's crew and scientists doing onboard research, are present in the waters of the treaty region; peak summer (December-February) population - 3,822 total; Argentina 417, Australia 213, Brazil 40, Bulgaria 15, Chile 224, China 70, Ecuador 22, Finland 20, France 123, Germany 78, India 65, Italy 112, Japan 150, South Korea 60, NZ 85, Norway 44, Peru 28, Poland 40, Russia 429, South Africa 80, Spain 28, Sweden 20, Ukraine 24, UK 205, US 1,170, Uruguay 60 (2005-2006); winter (June-August) station population - 1,028 total; Argentina 176, Australia 62, Brazil 12, Chile 88, China 29, France 37, Germany 9, India 25, Italy 2, Japan 40, South Korea 15, NZ 10, Norway 7, Poland 12, Russia 148, South Africa 10, Ukraine 12, UK 37, US 288, Uruguay 9 (2005); research stations operated within the Antarctic Treaty area (south of 60 degrees south latitude) by members of the Council of Managers of National Antarctic Programs (COMNAP): year-round stations - 37 total; Argentina 6, Australia 3, Brazil 1, Chile 3, China 2, France 1, Germany 1, India 1, Japan 1, South Korea 1, NZ 1, Norway 1, Poland 1, Russia 5, South Africa 1, Ukraine 1, UK 2, US 3, Uruguay 1, Italy and France jointly 1 (2005); seasonal-only (summer) stations - 15 total; Australia 1, Bulgaria 1, Chile 1, Ecuador 1, Finland 1, Germany 1, Italy 1, Japan 1, Norway 1, Peru 1, Russia 1, Spain 2, Sweden 1, UK 1 (2005-2006); in addition, during the austral summer some nations have numerous occupied locations such as tent camps, summer-long temporary facilities, and mobile traverses in support of research
Antigua and Barbuda 69,108 (July 2006 est.)
Argentina 39,921,833 (July 2006 est.)
Armenia 2,976,372 (July 2006 est.)
Aruba 71,891 (July 2006 est.)
Ashmore and Cartier Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island (July 2006 est.)
Australia 20,264,082 (July 2006 est.)
Austria 8,192,880 (July 2006 est.)
Azerbaijan 7,961,619 (July 2006 est.)
Bahamas, The 303,770 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Bahrain 698,585 note: includes 235,108 non-nationals (July 2006 est.)
Baker Island uninhabited note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; a cemetery and remnants of structures from early settlement are located near the middle of the west coast; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (2005 est.)
Bangladesh 147,365,352 (July 2006 est.)
Barbados 279,912 (July 2006 est.)
Bassas da India uninhabited (July 2006 est.)
Belarus 10,293,011 (July 2006 est.)
Belgium 10,379,067 (July 2006 est.)
Belize 287,730 (July 2006 est.)
Benin 7,862,944 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Bermuda 65,773 (July 2006 est.)
Bhutan 2,279,723 note: other estimates range as low as 810,000 (July 2006 est.)
Bolivia 8,989,046 (July 2006 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 4,498,976 (July 2006 est.)
Botswana 1,639,833 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Bouvet Island uninhabited (July 2006 est.)
Brazil 188,078,227 note: Brazil conducted a census in August 2000, which reported a population of 169,799,170; that figure was about 3.3% lower than projections by the US Census Bureau, and is close to the implied underenumeration of 4.6% for the 1991 census; estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
British Indian Ocean Territory no indigenous inhabitants note: approximately 1,200 former agricultural workers resident in the Chagos Archipelago, often referred to as Chagossians or Ilois, were relocated to Mauritius and the Seychelles in the 1960s and 1970s; in November 2000 they were granted the right of return by a British High Court ruling, though no timetable has been set; in November 2004, there were approximately 4,000 UK and US military personnel and civilian contractors living on the island of Diego Garcia (July 2006 est.)
British Virgin Islands 23,098 (July 2006 est.)
Brunei 379,444 (July 2006 est.)
Bulgaria 7,385,367 (July 2006 est.)
Burkina Faso 13,902,972 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Burma 47,382,633 note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Burundi 8,090,068 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Cambodia 13,881,427 note: estimates for this country take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Cameroon 17,340,702 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Canada 33,098,932 (July 2006 est.)
Cape Verde 420,979 (July 2006 est.)
Cayman Islands 45,436 note: most of the population lives on Grand Cayman (July 2006 est.)
Central African Republic 4,303,356 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Chad 9,944,201 (July 2006 est.)
Chile 16,134,219 (July 2006 est.)
China 1,313,973,713 (July 2006 est.)
Christmas Island 1,493 (July 2006 est.)
Clipperton Island uninhabited (July 2006 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 574 (July 2006 est.)
Colombia 43,593,035 (July 2006 est.)
Comoros 690,948 (July 2006 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 62,660,551 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 3,702,314 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Cook Islands 21,388 (July 2006 est.)
Coral Sea Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: there is a staff of three to four at the meteorological station (2005 est.)
Costa Rica 4,075,261 (July 2006 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 17,654,843 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Croatia 4,494,749 (July 2006 est.)
Cuba 11,382,820 (July 2006 est.)
Cyprus 784,301 (July 2006 est.)
Czech Republic 10,235,455 (July 2006 est.)
Denmark 5,450,661 (July 2006 est.)
Dhekelia no indigenous personnel note: approximately 2,200 military personnel are on the base; there are another 5,000 British citizens who are families of military personnel or civilian staff on both the bases of Akrotiri and Dhekelia; Cyprus citizens work on the base, but do not live there
Djibouti 486,530 (July 2006 est.)
Dominica 68,910 (July 2006 est.)
Dominican Republic 9,183,984 (July 2006 est.)
East Timor 1,062,777 note: other estimates range as low as 800,000 (July 2006 est.)
Ecuador 13,547,510 (July 2006 est.)
Egypt 78,887,007 (July 2006 est.)
El Salvador 6,822,378 (July 2006 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 540,109 (July 2006 est.)
Eritrea 4,786,994 (July 2006 est.)
Estonia 1,324,333 (July 2006 est.)
Ethiopia 74,777,981 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Europa Island no indigenous inhabitants note: there is a small French military garrison and a few meteorologists; visited by scientists (July 2006 est.)
European Union 456,953,258 (July 2006 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 2,967 (July 2006 est.)
Faroe Islands 47,246 (July 2006 est.)
Fiji 905,949 (July 2006 est.)
Finland 5,231,372 (July 2006 est.)
France 60,876,136 (July 2006 est.)
French Guiana 199,509 (July 2006 est.)
French Polynesia 274,578 (July 2006 est.)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands no indigenous inhabitants note: in 2002, there were 145 researchers whose numbers vary from winter (July) to summer (January) (July 2006 est.)
Gabon 1,424,906 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Gambia, The 1,641,564 (July 2006 est.)
Gaza Strip 1,428,757 (July 2006 est.)
Georgia 4,661,473 (July 2006 est.)
Germany 82,422,299 (July 2006 est.)
Ghana 22,409,572 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Gibraltar 27,928 (July 2006 est.)
Glorioso Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: there is a small French military garrison along with a few meteorologists; visited by scientists (July 2006 est.)
Greece 10,688,058 (July 2006 est.)
Greenland 56,361 (July 2006 est.)
Grenada 89,703 (July 2006 est.)
Guadeloupe 452,776 (July 2006 est.)
Guam 171,019 (July 2006 est.)
Guatemala 12,293,545 (July 2006 est.)
Guernsey 65,409 (July 2006 est.)
Guinea 9,690,222 (July 2006 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 1,442,029 (July 2006 est.)
Guyana 767,245 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Haiti 8,308,504 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands uninhabited (July 2006 est.)
Holy See (Vatican City) 932 (July 2006 est.)
Honduras 7,326,496 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Hong Kong 6,940,432 (July 2006 est.)
Howland Island uninhabited note: American civilians evacuated in 1942 after Japanese air and naval attacks during World War II; occupied by US military during World War II, but abandoned after the war; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2006 est.)
Hungary 9,981,334 (July 2006 est.)
Iceland 299,388 (July 2006 est.)
Iles Eparses Bassas da India: uninhabitable Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island: a small French military garrison and a few meteorologists on each possession; visited by scientists Tromelin Island: uninhabited, except for visits by scientists
India 1,095,351,995 (July 2006 est.)
Indonesia 245,452,739 (July 2006 est.)
Iran 68,688,433 (July 2006 est.)
Iraq 26,783,383 (July 2006 est.)
Ireland 4,062,235 (July 2006 est.)
Isle of Man 75,441 (July 2006 est.)
Israel 6,352,117 note: includes about 187,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank, about 20,000 in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, and fewer than 177,000 in East Jerusalem (July 2006 est.)
Italy 58,133,509 (July 2006 est.)
Jamaica 2,758,124 (July 2006 est.)
Jan Mayen no indigenous inhabitants note: personnel operate the Long Range Navigation (Loran-C) base and the weather and coastal services radio station (July 2006 est.)
Japan 127,463,611 (July 2006 est.)
Jarvis Island uninhabited note: Millersville settlement on western side of island occasionally used as a weather station from 1935 until World War II, when it was abandoned; reoccupied in 1957 during the International Geophysical Year by scientists who left in 1958; public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service (July 2006 est.)
Jersey 91,084 (July 2006 est.)
Johnston Atoll uninhabited note: in previous years, there was an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor personnel present; as of September 2001, population had decreased significantly when US Army Chemical Activity Pacific (USACAP) departed; as of May 2005 all US government personnel had left the island (July 2006 est.)
Jordan 5,906,760 (July 2006 est.)
Juan de Nova Island no indigenous inhabitants note: there is a small French military garrison along with a few meteorologists; occasionally visited by scientists (July 2006 est.)
Kazakhstan 15,233,244 (July 2006 est.)
Kenya 34,707,817 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Kingman Reef uninhabited (July 2006 est.)
Kiribati 105,432 (July 2006 est.)
Korea, North 23,113,019 (July 2006 est.)
Korea, South 48,846,823 (July 2006 est.)
Kuwait 2,418,393 note: includes 1,291,354 non-nationals (July 2006 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 5,213,898 (July 2006 est.)
Laos 6,368,481 (July 2006 est.)
Latvia 2,274,735 (July 2006 est.)
Lebanon 3,874,050 (July 2006 est.)
Lesotho 2,022,331 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Liberia 3,042,004 (July 2006 est.)
Libya 5,900,754 note: includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2006 est.)
Liechtenstein 33,987 (July 2006 est.)
Lithuania 3,585,906 (July 2006 est.)
Luxembourg 474,413 (July 2006 est.)
Macau 453,125 (July 2006 est.)
Macedonia 2,050,554 (July 2006 est.)
Madagascar 18,595,469 (July 2006 est.)
Malawi 13,013,926 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Malaysia 24,385,858 (July 2006 est.)
Maldives 359,008 (July 2006 est.)
Mali 11,716,829 (July 2006 est.)
Malta 400,214 (July 2006 est.)
Marshall Islands 60,422 (July 2006 est.)
Martinique 436,131 (July 2006 est.)
Mauritania 3,177,388 (July 2006 est.)
Mauritius 1,240,827 (July 2006 est.)
Mayotte 201,234 (July 2006 est.)
Mexico 107,449,525 (July 2006 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 108,004 (July 2006 est.)
Midway Islands no indigenous inhabitants; approximately 40 people make up the staff of US Fish and Wildlife Service and their services contractor living at the atoll (July 2006 est.)
Moldova 4,466,706 (July 2006 est.)
Monaco 32,543 (July 2006 est.)
Mongolia 2,832,224 (July 2006 est.)
Montenegro 630,548 (2004)
Montserrat 9,439 note: an estimated 8,000 refugees left the island following the resumption of volcanic activity in July 1995; some have returned (July 2006 est.)
Morocco 33,241,259 (July 2006 est.)
Mozambique 19,686,505 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected; the 1997 Mozambican census reported a population of 16,099,246 (July 2006 est.)
Namibia 2,044,147 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Nauru 13,287 (July 2006 est.)
Navassa Island uninhabited note: transient Haitian fishermen and others camp on the island (July 2006 est.)
Nepal 28,287,147 (July 2006 est.)
Netherlands 16,491,461 (July 2006 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 221,736 (July 2006 est.)
New Caledonia 219,246 (July 2006 est.)
New Zealand 4,076,140 (July 2006 est.)
Nicaragua 5,570,129 (July 2006 est.)
Niger 12,525,094 (July 2006 est.)
Nigeria 131,859,731 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Niue 2,166 (July 2006 est.)
Norfolk Island 1,828 (July 2006 est.)
Northern Mariana Islands 82,459 (July 2006 est.)
Norway 4,610,820 (July 2006 est.)
Oman 3,102,229 note: includes 577,293 non-nationals (July 2006 est.)
Pakistan 165,803,560 (July 2006 est.)
Palau 20,579 (July 2006 est.)
Palmyra Atoll no indigenous inhabitants; 4 to 20 Nature Conservancy staff, US Fish and Wildlife staff (July 2006 est.)
Panama 3,191,319 (July 2006 est.)
Papua New Guinea 5,670,544 (July 2006 est.)
Paracel Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: there are scattered Chinese garrisons
Paraguay 6,506,464 (July 2006 est.)
Peru 28,302,603 (July 2006 est.)
Philippines 89,468,677 (July 2006 est.)
Pitcairn Islands 45 (July 2006 est.)
Poland 38,536,869 (July 2006 est.)
Portugal 10,605,870 (July 2006 est.)
Puerto Rico 3,927,188 (July 2006 est.)
Qatar 885,359 (July 2006 est.)
Reunion 787,584 (July 2006 est.)
Romania 22,303,552 (July 2006 est.)
Russia 142,893,540 (July 2006 est.)
Rwanda 8,648,248 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Saint Helena 7,502 note: only Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha islands are inhabited (July 2006 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 39,129 (July 2006 est.)
Saint Lucia 168,458 (July 2006 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 7,026 (July 2006 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 117,848 (July 2006 est.)
Samoa 176,908 (July 2006 est.)
San Marino 29,251 (July 2006 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 193,413 (July 2006 est.)
Saudi Arabia 27,019,731 note: includes 5,576,076 non-nationals (July 2006 est.)
Senegal 11,987,121 (July 2006 est.)
Serbia 9,396,411 (2002 census)
Seychelles 81,541 (July 2006 est.)
Sierra Leone 6,005,250 (July 2006 est.)
Singapore 4,492,150 (July 2006 est.)
Slovakia 5,439,448 (July 2006 est.)
Slovenia 2,010,347 (July 2006 est.)
Solomon Islands 552,438 (July 2006 est.)
Somalia 8,863,338 note: this estimate was derived from an official census taken in 1975 by the Somali Government; population counting in Somalia is complicated by the large number of nomads and by refugee movements in response to famine and clan warfare (July 2006 est.)
South Africa 44,187,637 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001, to be replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited (July 2006 est.)
Spain 40,397,842 (July 2006 est.)
Spratly Islands no indigenous inhabitants note: there are scattered garrisons occupied by personnel of several claimant states (2004)
Sri Lanka 20,222,240 note: since the outbreak of hostilities between the government and armed Tamil separatists in the mid-1980s, several hundred thousand Tamil civilians have fled the island and more than 200,000 Tamils have sought refuge in the West (July 2006 est.)
Sudan 41,236,378 (July 2006 est.)
Suriname 439,117 (July 2006 est.)
Svalbard 2,701 (July 2006 est.)
Swaziland 1,136,334 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Sweden 9,016,596 (July 2006 est.)
Switzerland 7,523,934 (July 2006 est.)
Syria 18,881,361 note: in addition, about 40,000 people live in the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights - 20,000 Arabs (18,000 Druze and 2,000 Alawites) and about 20,000 Israeli settlers (July 2006 est.)
Taiwan 23,036,087 (July 2006 est.)
Tajikistan 7,320,815 (July 2006 est.)
Tanzania 37,445,392 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Thailand 64,631,595 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Togo 5,548,702 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Tokelau 1,392 (July 2006 est.)
Tonga 114,689 (July 2006 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 1,065,842 (July 2006 est.)
Tromelin Island uninhabited, except for visits by scientists (July 2006 est.)
Tunisia 10,175,014 (July 2006 est.)
Turkey 70,413,958 (July 2006 est.)
Turkmenistan 5,042,920 (July 2006 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 21,152 (July 2006 est.)
Tuvalu 11,810 (July 2006 est.)
Uganda 28,195,754 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Ukraine 46,710,816 (July 2006 est.)
United Arab Emirates 2,602,713 (July 2006 est.)
United Kingdom 60,609,153 (July 2006 est.)
United States 298,444,215 (July 2006 est.)
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges no indigenous inhabitants note: public entry is by special-use permit from US Fish and Wildlife Service only and generally restricted to scientists and educators; visited annually by US Fish and Wildlife Service Johnston Atoll: in previous years, an average of 1,100 US military and civilian contractor personnel were present; as of May 2005 all US government personnel had left the island Midway Islands: approximately 40 people make up the staff of US Fish and Wildlife Service and their services contractor living at the atoll Palmyra Atoll: four to 20 Nature Conservancy and US Fish and Wildlife staff
Uruguay 3,431,932 (July 2006 est.)
Uzbekistan 27,307,134 (July 2006 est.)
Vanuatu 208,869 (July 2006 est.)
Venezuela 25,730,435 (July 2006 est.)
Vietnam 84,402,966 (July 2006 est.)
Virgin Islands 108,605 (July 2006 est.)
Wake Island no indigenous inhabitants note: US military personnel have left the island, but contractor personnel remain; as of October 2001, 200 contractor personnel were present (July 2006 est.)
Wallis and Futuna 16,025 (July 2006 est.)
West Bank 2,460,492 note: in addition, there are about 187,000 Israeli settlers in the West Bank and fewer than 177,000 in East Jerusalem (July 2004 est.)
Western Sahara 273,008 (July 2006 est.)
World 6,525,170,264 (July 2006 est.)
Yemen 21,456,188 (July 2006 est.)
Zambia 11,502,010 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
Zimbabwe 12,236,805 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2006 est.)
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2120 Ports and terminals
Afghanistan Kheyrabad, Shir Khan
Albania Durres, Sarande, Shengjin, Vlore
Algeria Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, Skikda
American Samoa Pago Pago
Angola Cabinda, Luanda, Soyo
Anguilla Blowing Point, Road Bay
Antarctica there are no developed ports and harbors in Antarctica; most coastal stations have offshore anchorages, and supplies are transferred from ship to shore by small boats, barges, and helicopters; a few stations have a basic wharf facility; US coastal stations include McMurdo (77 51 S, 166 40 E), and Palmer (64 43 S, 64 03 W); government use only except by permit (see Permit Office under "Legal System"); all ships at port are subject to inspection in accordance with Article 7, Antarctic Treaty; offshore anchorage is sparse and intermittent; relevant legal instruments and authorization procedures adopted by the states parties to the Antarctic Treaty regulating access to the Antarctic Treaty area, to all areas between 60 and 90 degrees of latitude south, have to be complied with (see "Legal System"); The Hydrographic Committee on Antarctica (HCA), a special hydrographic commission of International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), is responsible for hydrographic surveying and nautical charting matters in Antarctic Treaty area; it coordinates and facilitates provision of accurate and appropriate charts and other aids to navigation in support of safety of navigation in region; membership of HCA is open to any IHO Member State whose government has acceded to the Antarctic Treaty and which contributes resources and/or data to IHO Chart coverage of the area; members of HCA are Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, France, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, NZ, Norway, Russia, South Africa, Spain, and the UK (2005)
Antigua and Barbuda Saint John's
Arctic Ocean Churchill (Canada), Murmansk (Russia), Prudhoe Bay (US)
Argentina Bahia Blanca, Buenos Aires, Concepcion del Uruguay, La Plata, Punta Colorada, Rosario, San Lorenzo-San Martin, San Nicolas
Aruba Barcadera, Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas
Ashmore and Cartier Islands none; offshore anchorage only
Atlantic Ocean Alexandria (Egypt), Algiers (Algeria), Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Buenos Aires (Argentina), Casablanca (Morocco), Colon (Panama), Copenhagen (Denmark), Dakar (Senegal), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Montevideo (Uruguay), Montreal (Canada), Naples (Italy), New Orleans (US), New York (US), Oran (Algeria), Oslo (Norway), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Saint Petersburg (Russia), Stockholm (Sweden)
Australia Brisbane, Dampier, Fremantle, Gladstone, Hay Point, Melbourne, Newcastle, Port Hedland, Port Kembla, Port Walcott, Sydney
Austria Enns, Krems, Linz, Vienna
Azerbaijan Baku (Baki)
Bahamas, The Freeport, Nassau, South Riding Point
Bahrain Mina' Salman, Sitrah
Baker Island none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast
Bangladesh Chittagong, Mongla Port
Barbados Bridgetown
Bassas da India none; offshore anchorage only
Belarus Mazyr
Belgium Antwerp, Brussels, Gent, Liege, Oostende, Zeebrugge
Belize Belize City
Benin Cotonou
Bermuda Hamilton, Saint George
Bolivia Puerto Aguirre (on the Paraguay/Parana waterway, at the Bolivia/Brazil border); also, Bolivia has free port privileges in maritime ports in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Paraguay
Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosanska Gradiska, Bosanski Brod, Bosanski Samac, and Brcko (all inland waterway ports on the Sava), Orasje
Bouvet Island none; offshore anchorage only
Brazil Gebig, Itaqui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, San Sebasttiao, Santos, Sepetiba Terminal, Tubarao, Vitoria
British Indian Ocean Territory Diego Garcia
British Virgin Islands Road Town
Brunei Lumut, Muara, Seria
Bulgaria Burgas, Varna
Burma Moulmein, Rangoon, Sittwe
Burundi Bujumbura
Cambodia Phnom Penh
Cameroon Douala, Limboh Terminal
Canada Fraser River Port, Halifax, Montreal, Port Cartier, Quebec, Saint John's (Newfoundland), Sept Isles, Vancouver
Cape Verde Mindelo, Praia, Tarrafal
Cayman Islands Cayman Brac, George Town
Central African Republic Bangui, Nola, Salo, Nzinga
Chile Antofagasta, Arica, Huasco, Iquique, Lirquen, San Antonio, San Vicente, Valparaiso
China Dalian, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai
Christmas Island Flying Fish Cove
Clipperton Island none; offshore anchorage only
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Port Refuge
Colombia Barranquilla, Buenaventura, Cartagena, Muelles El Bosque, Puerto Bolivar, Santa Marta, Turbo
Comoros Mayotte, Moutsamoudou
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Banana, Boma, Bukavu, Bumba, Goma, Kalemie, Kindu, Kinshasa, Kisangani, Matadi, Mbandaka
Congo, Republic of the Brazzaville, Djeno, Impfondo, Ouesso, Oyo, Pointe-Noire
Cook Islands Avatiu
Coral Sea Islands none; offshore anchorage only
Costa Rica Caldera, Puerto Limon
Cote d'Ivoire Abidjan, Aboisso, Dabou, San-Pedro
Croatia Omisalj, Ploce, Rijeka, Sibenik, Vukovar (on Danube)
Cuba Cienfuegos, Havana, Matanzas
Cyprus Famagusta, Kyrenia, Larnaca, Limassol, Vasilikos
Czech Republic Decin, Prague, Usti nad Labem
Denmark Aalborg, Aarhus, Asnaesvaerkets, Copenhagen, Elsinore, Ensted, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Frederikshavn, Kalundborg, Odense, Roenne
Djibouti Djibouti
Dominica Portsmouth, Roseau
Dominican Republic Boca Chica, Puerto Plata, Rio Haina, Santo Domingo
East Timor Dili
Ecuador Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar
Egypt Alexandria, Damietta, El Dekheila, Port Said, Suez, Zeit
El Salvador Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco
Equatorial Guinea Malabo
Eritrea Assab, Massawa
Estonia Kopli, Kuivastu, Muuga, Tallinn, Virtsu
Ethiopia Ethiopia is landlocked and has used ports of Assab and Massawa in Eritrea and port of Djibouti
Europa Island none; offshore anchorage only
European Union Antwerp (Belgium), Barcelona (Spain), Bremen (Germany), Copenhagen (Denmark), Gdansk (Poland), Hamburg (Germany), Helsinki (Finland), Las Palmas (Canary Islands, Spain), Le Havre (France), Lisbon (Portugal), London (UK), Marseille (France), Naples (Italy), Peiraiefs or Piraeus (Greece), Riga (Latvia), Rotterdam (Netherlands), Stockholm (Sweden), Talinn (Estonia)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Stanley
Faroe Islands Torshavn
Fiji Lambasa, Lautoka, Suva
Finland Hamina, Hanko, Helsinki, Kotka, Naantali, Pori, Porvoo, Raahe, Rauma, Turku
France Bordeaux, Calais, Dunkerque, La Pallice, Le Havre, Marseille, Nantes, Paris, Rouen, Strasbourg
French Guiana Degrad des Cannes
French Polynesia Papeete
French Southern and Antarctic Lands none; offshore anchorage only
Gabon Gamba, Libreville, Lucinda, Owendo, Port-Gentil
Gambia, The Banjul
Gaza Strip Gaza
Georgia Bat'umi, P'ot'i
Germany Bremen, Bremerhaven, Brunsbuttel, Duisburg, Frankfurt, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Mainz, Rostock, Wilhemshaven
Ghana Takoradi, Tema
Gibraltar Gibraltar
Glorioso Islands none; offshore anchorage only
Greece Agioitheodoroi, Aspropyrgos, Irakleion, Pachi, Piraeus, Thessaloniki
Greenland Sisimiut
Grenada Saint George's
Guadeloupe Basse-Terre, Gustavia, Pointe-a-Pitre
Guam Apra Harbor
Guatemala Puerto Quetzal, Santo Tomas de Castilla
Guernsey Saint Peter Port, Saint Sampson
Guinea Kamsar
Guinea-Bissau Bissau, Buba, Cacheu, Farim
Guyana Georgetown
Haiti Cap-Haitien
Heard Island and McDonald Islands none; offshore anchorage only
Honduras Puerto Castilla, Puerto Cortes, San Lorenzo, Tela
Hong Kong Hong Kong
Howland Island none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area along the middle of the west coast
Hungary Budapest, Dunaujvaros, Gyor-Gonyu, Csepel, Baja, Mohacs (2003)
Iceland Grundartangi, Hafnarfjordur, Hornafjordhur, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur
Iles Eparses none; offshore anchorage only
India Chennai, Haldia, Jawaharal Nehru, Kandla, Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai (Bombay), New Mangalore, Vishakhapatnam
Indian Ocean Chennai (Madras; India), Colombo (Sri Lanka), Durban (South Africa), Jakarta (Indonesia), Kolkata (Calcutta; India) Melbourne (Australia), Mumbai (Bombay; India), Richards Bay (South Africa)
Indonesia Banjarmasin, Belawan, Ciwandan, Krueg Geukueh, Palembang, Panjang, Sungai Pakning, Tanjung Perak, Tanjung Priok
Iran Assaluyeh, Bushehr
Iraq Al Basrah, Khawr az Zubayr, Umm Qasr
Ireland Cork, Dublin, New Ross, Shannon Foynes, Waterford
Isle of Man Castletown, Douglas, Ramsey
Israel Ashdod, Elat (Eilat), Hadera, Haifa
Italy Augusta, Genoa, Livorno, Melilli Oil Terminal, Ravenna, Taranto, Trieste, Venice
Jamaica Kingston, Port Esquivel, Port Kaiser, Port Rhoades, Rocky Point
Jan Mayen none; offshore anchorage only
Japan Chiba, Kawasaki, Kiire, Kisarazu, Kobe, Mizushima, Nagoya, Osaka, Tokyo, Yohohama
Jarvis Island none; offshore anchorage only; note - there is one small boat landing area in the middle of the west coast and another near the southwest corner of the island
Jersey Gorey, Saint Aubin, Saint Helier
Johnston Atoll Johnston Island
Jordan Al 'Aqabah
Juan de Nova Island none; offshore anchorage only
Kazakhstan Aqtau (Shevchenko), Atyrau (Gur'yev), Oskemen (Ust-Kamenogorsk), Pavlodar, Semey (Semipalatinsk)
Kenya Mombasa
Kingman Reef none; offshore anchorage only
Kiribati Betio
Korea, North Ch'ongjin, Haeju, Hungnam (Hamhung), Kimch'aek, Kosong, Najin, Namp'o, Sinuiju, Songnim, Sonbong (formerly Unggi), Ungsang, Wonsan
Korea, South Inch'on, Masan, P'ohang, Pusan, Ulsan
Kuwait Ash Shu'aybah, Ash Shuwaykh, Az Zawr (Mina' Sa'ud), Mina' 'Abd Allah, Mina' al Ahmadi
Kyrgyzstan Balykchy (Ysyk-Kol or Rybach'ye)
Latvia Riga, Ventspils
Lebanon Beirut, Chekka, Jounie, Tripoli
Liberia Buchanan, Monrovia
Libya As Sidrah, Az Zuwaytinah, Marsa al Burayqah, Ra's Lanuf, Tripoli, Zawiyah
Liechtenstein none
Lithuania Klaipeda
Luxembourg Mertert
Macau Macau
Madagascar Antsiranana, Mahajanga, Toamasina, Toliara
Malawi Chipoka, Monkey Bay, Nkhata Bay, Nkhotakota, Chilumba
Malaysia Bintulu, Johor, Labuan, Lahad Datu, Lumut, Miri, George Town (Penang), Port Kelang, Tanjung Pelepas
Maldives Male
Mali Koulikoro
Malta Marsaxlokk, Valletta
Marshall Islands Majuro
Martinique Fort-de-France, La Trinite, Marin
Mauritania Nouadhibou, Nouakchott
Mauritius Port Louis
Mayotte Dzaoudzi
Mexico Altamira, Manzanillo, Morro Redondo, Salina Cruz, Tampico, Topolobampo, Veracruz
Micronesia, Federated States of Tomil Harbor
Midway Islands Sand Island
Monaco Monaco
Montenegro Bar
Montserrat Plymouth
Morocco Agadir, Casablanca, Mohammedia, Nador, Safi, Tangier
Mozambique Beira, Maputo, Nacala
Namibia Luderitz, Walvis Bay
Nauru Nauru
Navassa Island none; offshore anchorage only
Netherlands Amsterdam, Groningen, IJmuiden, Rotterdam, Terneuzen, Vlissingen, Zaanstad
Netherlands Antilles Bopec Terminal, Fuik Bay, Kralendijk, Willemstad
New Caledonia Noumea
New Zealand Auckland, Lyttelton, Tauranga, Wellington, Whangarei
Nicaragua Bluefields, Corinto, El Bluff
Niger none
Nigeria Bonny Inshore Terminal, Calabar, Lagos, Port Harcourt
Niue none; offshore anchorage only
Norfolk Island none; loading jetties at Kingston and Cascade
Northern Mariana Islands Saipan, Tinian
Norway Borg Havn, Bergen, Mo i Rana, Molde, Mongstad, Narvik, Oslo, Sture
Oman Mina' Qabus, Salalah
Pacific Ocean Bangkok (Thailand), Hong Kong (China), Kao-hsiung (Taiwan), Los Angeles (US), Manila (Philippines), Pusan (South Korea), San Francisco (US), Seattle (US), Shanghai (China), Singapore, Sydney (Australia), Vladivostok (Russia), Wellington (NZ), Yokohama (Japan)
Pakistan Karachi, Port Muhammad Bin Qasim
Palau Koror
Palmyra Atoll West Lagoon
Panama Balboa, Colon, Cristobal
Papua New Guinea Kimbe, Lae, Rabaul
Paracel Islands small Chinese port facilities on Woody Island and Duncan Island being expanded
Paraguay Asuncion, Villeta, San Antonio, Encarnacion
Peru Callao, Iquitos, Matarani, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas; note - Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries
Philippines Cagayan de Oro, Cebu, Davao, Iligan, Iloilo, Manila, Surigao
Pitcairn Islands Adamstown (on Bounty Bay)
Poland Gdansk, Gdynia, Swinoujscie, Szczecin
Portugal Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines
Puerto Rico Las Mareas, Mayaguez, San Juan
Qatar Doha
Reunion Le Port
Romania Braila, Constanta, Galati, Tulcea
Russia Anapa, Kaliningrad, Murmansk, Nakhodka, Novorossiysk, Rostov-na-Donu, Saint Petersburg, Taganrog, Vanino, Vostochnyy
Rwanda Cyangugu, Gisenyi, Kibuye
Saint Helena Saint Helena: Jamestown Ascension Island: Georgetown Tristan da Cunha: Calshot Harbor
Saint Kitts and Nevis Basseterre, Charlestown
Saint Lucia Castries, Cul-de-Sac, Vieux-Fort
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint-Pierre
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Kingstown
Samoa Apia
Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome
Saudi Arabia Ad Dammam, Al Jubayl, Jiddah, Yanbu' al Sinaiyah
Senegal Dakar
Seychelles Victoria
Sierra Leone Freetown, Pepel, Sherbro Islands
Singapore Singapore
Slovakia Bratislava, Komarno
Slovenia Koper
Solomon Islands Honiara, Malloco Bay, Shortland Harbor, Viru Harbor, Yandina
Somalia Boosaaso, Berbera, Chisimayu (Kismaayo), Merca, Mogadishu
South Africa Cape Town, Durban, East London, Port Elizabeth, Richards Bay, Saldanha Bay
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Grytviken
Southern Ocean McMurdo, Palmer, and offshore anchorages in Antarctica note: few ports or harbors exist on southern side of Southern Ocean; ice conditions limit use of most to short periods in midsummer; even then some cannot be entered without icebreaker escort; most Antarctic ports are operated by government research stations and, except in an emergency, are not open to commercial or private vessels; vessels in any port south of 60 degrees south are subject to inspection by Antarctic Treaty observers (see Article 7); The Hydrographic Committee on Antarctica (HCA), a special hydrographic commission of International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), is responsible for hydrographic surveying and nautical charting matters in Antarctic Treaty area; it coordinates and facilitates provision of accurate and appropriate charts and other aids to navigation in support of safety of navigation in region; membership of HCA is open to any IHO Member State whose government has acceded to the Antarctic Treaty and which contributes resources and/or data to IHO Chart coverage of the area; members of HCA are Argentina, Australia, Chile, China, France, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, NZ, Norway, Russia, South Africa, Spain, and the UK (2005)
Spain Algeciras, Barcelona, Cartagena, Gijon, Huelva, La Coruna, Tarragona, Valencia
Spratly Islands none; offshore anchorage only
Sri Lanka Colombo, Galle
Sudan Port Sudan
Suriname Paramaribo
Svalbard Barentsburg, Longyearbyen, Ny-Alesund, Pyramiden
Sweden Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Oxelosund, Stenungsund, Stockholm, Trelleborg
Switzerland Basel
Syria Baniyas, Latakia
Taiwan Chi-lung (Keelung), Hua-lien, Kao-hsiung, Su-ao, T'ai-chung
Tanzania Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Zanzibar City
Thailand Bangkok, Laem Chabang, Prachuap Port, Si Racha
Togo Kpeme, Lome
Tokelau none; offshore anchorage only
Tonga Nuku'alofa
Trinidad and Tobago Pointe-a-Pierre, Point Lisas, Port-of-Spain
Tromelin Island none; offshore anchorage only
Tunisia Bizerte, Gabes, La Goulette, Skhira
Turkey Aliaga, Ambarli, Eregli, Haydarpasa, Istanbul, Izmir, Kocaeli (Izmit), Toros
Turkmenistan Turkmenbasy
Turks and Caicos Islands Grand Turk, Providenciales
Tuvalu Funafuti
Uganda Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell
Ukraine Feodosiya, Kerch, Kherson, Mariupol', Mykolayiv, Odesa, Reni, Yuzhnyy
United Arab Emirates Al Fujayrah, Khawr Fakkan, Mina' Jabal 'Ali, Mina' Rashid, Mina' Saqr, Mina' Zayid, Sharjan
United Kingdom Hound Point, Immingham, Milford Haven, Liverpool, London, Southampton, Sullom Voe, Teesport
United States Corpus Christi, Duluth, Hampton Roads, Houston, Long Beach, Los Angeles, New Orleans, New York, Philadelphia, Tampa, Texas City note: 13 ports north of New Orleans (South Louisiana Ports) on the Mississippi River handle 290,000,000 tons of cargo annually
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands, and Kingman Reef: none; offshore anchorage only Johnston Atoll: Johnston Island Midway Islands: Sand Island Palmyra Atoll: West Lagoon
Uruguay Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Fray Bentos, Colonia, Juan Lacaze
Uzbekistan Termiz (Amu Darya)
Vanuatu Forari, Port-Vila, Santo (Espiritu Santo)
Venezuela Amuay, La Guaira, Maracaibo, Puerto Cabello, Punta Cardon
Vietnam Hai Phong, Ho Chi Minh City
Virgin Islands Charlotte Amalie, Limetree Bay
Wake Island none; two offshore anchorages for large ships
Wallis and Futuna Leava, Mata-Utu
Western Sahara Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, Laayoune (El Aaiun)
Yemen Aden, Nishtun
Zambia Mpulungu
Zimbabwe Binga, Kariba
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2121 Railways (km)
Albania total: 447 km standard gauge: 447 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)
Algeria total: 3,973 km standard gauge: 2,888 km 1.435-m gauge (283 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,085 km 1.055-m gauge (2005)
Angola total: 2,761 km narrow gauge: 2,638 km 1.067-m gauge; 123 km 0.600-m gauge (2005)
Argentina total: 31,902 km broad gauge: 20,858 km 1.676-m gauge (141 km electrified) standard gauge: 2,885 km 1.435-m gauge (26 km electrified) narrow gauge: 7,922 km 1.000-m gauge; 237 km 0.750-m gauge (2005)
Armenia total: 845 km broad gauge: 845 km 1.520-m gauge (828 km electrified) note: some lines are out of service (2005)
Australia total: 47,738 km broad gauge: 4,015 km 1.600-m gauge standard gauge: 28,662 km 1.435-m gauge (1,397 km electrified) narrow gauge: 14,831 km 1.067-m gauge (2,462 km electrified) dual gauge: 230 km dual gauge (2005)
Austria total: 6,011 km standard gauge: 5,568 km 1.435-m gauge (3,427 km electrified) narrow gauge: 21 km 1.000-m gauge; 422 km 0.760-m gauge (109 km electrified) (2005)
Azerbaijan total: 2,957 km broad gauge: 2,957 km 1.520-m gauge (1,278 km electrified) (2005)
Bangladesh total: 2,768 km broad gauge: 946 km 1.676-m gauge narrow gauge: 1,822 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Belarus total: 5,512 km broad gauge: 5,497 km 1.520-m gauge (874 km electrified) standard gauge: 15 km 1.435 m (2005)
Belgium total: 3,521 km standard gauge: 3,521 km 1.435-m gauge (2,927 km electrified) (2005)
Benin total: 578 km narrow gauge: 578 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Bolivia total: 3,519 km narrow gauge: 3,519 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 608 km (777 km electrified) standard gauge: 608 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)
Botswana total: 888 km narrow gauge: 888 km 1.067-m gauge (2005)
Brazil total: 29,252 km broad gauge: 4,877 km 1.600-m gauge (939 km electrified) standard gauge: 194 km 1.440-m gauge narrow gauge: 23,785 km 1.000-m gauge (581 km electrified) dual gauge: 396 km 1.000 m and 1.600-m gauges (three rails) (78 km electrified) (2005)
Bulgaria total: 4,294 km standard gauge: 4,049 km 1.435-m gauge (2,710 km electrified) narrow gauge: 245 km 0.760-m gauge (2005)
Burkina Faso total: 622 km narrow gauge: 622 km 1.000-m gauge note:: another 660 km of this railway extends into Cote D'Ivoire (2005)
Burma total: 3,955 km narrow gauge: 3,955 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Cambodia total: 602 km narrow gauge: 602 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Cameroon total: 987 km narrow gauge: 987 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Canada total: 48,467 km standard gauge: 48,467 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)
Chile total: 6,585 km broad gauge: 2,831 km 1.676-m gauge (1,317 km electrified) narrow gauge: 3,754 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
China total: 74,408 km standard gauge: 74,408 km 1.435-m gauge (19,303 km electrified) (2004)
Colombia total: 3,304 km standard gauge: 150 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 3,154 km 0.914-m gauge (2005)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 5,138 km narrow gauge: 3,987 km 1.067-m gauge (858 km electrified); 125 km 1.000-m gauge; 1,026 km 0.600-m gauge (2005)
Congo, Republic of the total: 894 km narrow gauge: 894 km 1.067-m gauge (2005)
Costa Rica total: 278 km narrow gauge: 278 km 1.067-m gauge (2005)
Cote d'Ivoire total: 660 km narrow gauge: 660 km 1.000 meter gauge note: an additional 622 km of this railroad extends into Burkina Faso (2005)
Croatia total: 2,726 km standard gauge: 2,726 km 1.435-m gauge (1,199 km electrified) (2005)
Cuba total: 4,226 km standard gauge: 4,226 km 1.435-m gauge (140 km electrified) note: an additional 7,742 km of track is used by sugar plantations; about 65% of this track is standard gauge; the rest is narrow gauge (2005)
Czech Republic total: 9,572 km standard gauge: 9,473 km 1.435-m gauge (2,951 km electrified) narrow gauge: 99 km 0.760-m gauge (2005)
Denmark total: 2,673 km standard gauge: 2,673 km 1.435-m gauge (601 km electrified) (2005)
Djibouti total: 100 km (Djibouti segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway) narrow gauge: 100 km 1.000-m gauge note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia (2005)
Dominican Republic total: 517 km standard gauge: 375 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 142 km 0.762-m gauge note: additional 1,226 km operated by sugar companies in 1.076 m, 0.889 m, and 0.762-m gauges (2005)
Ecuador total: 966 km narrow gauge: 966 km 1.067-m gauge (2005)
Egypt total: 5,063 km standard gauge: 5,063 km 1.435-m gauge (62 km electrified) (2005)
El Salvador total: 283 km narrow gauge: 283 km 0.914-m gauge note: length of operational route reduced from 562 km to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintenance (2005)
Eritrea total: 306 km narrow gauge: 306 km 0.950-m gauge (2005)
Estonia total: 958 km broad gauge: 958 km 1.520 m/1.524-m gauge (2005)
Ethiopia total: 681 km (Ethiopian segment of the Addis Ababa-Djibouti railroad) narrow gauge: 681 km 1.000-m gauge note: railway under joint control of Djibouti and Ethiopia (2005)
European Union total: 222,293 km broad gauge: 28,438 km standard gauge: 186,405 km narrow gauge: 7,427 km other: 23 km (2003)
Fiji total: 597 km narrow gauge: 597 km 0.600-m gauge note: belongs to the government-owned Fiji Sugar Corporation; used to haul sugarcane during harvest season (May to December) (2005)
Finland total: 5,741 km broad gauge: 5,741 km 1.524-m gauge (2,619 km electrified) (2005)
France total: 29,085 km standard gauge: 28,918 km 1.435-m gauge (14,481 km electrified) narrow gauge: 167 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Gabon total: 814 km standard gauge: 814 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)
Georgia total: 1,612 km broad gauge: 1,575 km 1.520-m gauge (1,575 electrified) narrow gauge: 37 km 0.912-m gauge (37 electrified) (2005)
Germany total: 47,201 km standard gauge: 46,948 km 1.435-m gauge (19,674 km electrified) narrow gauge: 229 km 1.000-m gauge (16 km electrified); 24 km 0.750-m gauge (2005)
Ghana total: 953 km narrow gauge: 953 km 1.067-m gauge (2005)
Greece total: 2,571 km standard gauge: 1,565 km 1.435-m gauge (764 km electrified) narrow gauge: 961 km 1.000-m gauge; 22 km 0.750-m gauge dual gauge: 23 km combined 1.435 m and 1.000-m gauges (three rail system) (2005)
Guatemala total: 886 km narrow gauge: 886 km 0.914-m gauge (2005)
Guinea total: 837 km standard gauge: 175 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 662 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Guyana total: 187 km standard gauge: 139 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 48 km 0.914-m gauge note: all dedicated to ore transport (2001 est.)
Honduras total: 699 km narrow gauge: 279 km 1.067-m gauge; 420 km 0.914-m gauge (2005)
Hungary total: 7,937 km broad gauge: 36 km 1.524-m gauge standard gauge: 7,682 km 1.435-m gauge (2,628 km electrified) narrow gauge: 219 km 0.760-m gauge (2005)
India total: 63,230 km broad gauge: 45,718 km 1.676-m gauge (16,528 km electrified) narrow gauge: 14,406 km 1.000-m gauge (165 km electrified); 3,106 km 0.762-m gauge and 0.610-m gauge (2005)
Indonesia total: 6,458 km narrow gauge: 5,961 km 1.067-m gauge (125 km electrified); 497 km 0.750-m gauge (2005)
Iran total: 7,256 km broad gauge: 94 km 1.676-m gauge standard gauge: 7,162 km 1.435-m gauge (186 km electrified) (2005)
Iraq total: 2,200 km standard gauge: 2,200 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)
Ireland total: 3,312 km broad gauge: 1,947 km 1.600-m gauge (46 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,365 km 0.914-m gauge (operated by the Irish Peat Board to transport peat to power stations and briquetting plants) (2005)
Isle of Man total: 65 km standard guage: 7 km 1.067-m guage (7 km electrified) narrow guage: 58 km 0.914-m guage (29 km electrified) note: primarily summer tourist attractions (2006)
Israel total: 853 km standard gauge: 853 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)
Italy total: 19,459 km standard gauge: 18,037 km 1.435-m gauge (11,354 km electrified) narrow gauge: 123 km 1.000-m gauge (122 km electrified); 1,299 km 0.950-m gauge (161 km electrified) (2005)
Jamaica total: 272 km standard gauge: 272 km 1.435-m gauge note: 207 of these km belonging to the Jamaica Railway Corporation had been in common carrier service until 1992 but are no longer operational; 57 km of the remaining track is privately owned and used by ALCAN to transport bauxite (2003)
Japan total: 23,556 km standard gauge: 3,204 km 1.435-m gauge (3,204 km electrified) narrow gauge: 77 km 1.372-m gauge (77 km electrified); 20,264 km 1.067-m gauge (13,280 km electrified); 11 km 0.762-m gauge (11 km electrified) (2005)
Jordan total: 505 km narrow gauge: 505 km 1.050-m gauge (2005)
Kazakhstan total: 13,700 km broad gauge: 13,700 km 1.520-m gauge (3,700 km electrified) (2005)
Kenya total: 2,778 km narrow gauge: 2,778 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Korea, North total: 5,214 km standard gauge: 5,214 km 1.435-m gauge (3,500 km electrified) (2005)
Korea, South total: 3,472 km standard gauge: 3,472 km 1.435-m gauge (1,361 km electrified) (2005)
Kyrgyzstan total: 470 km broad gauge: 470 km 1.520-m gauge (2005)
Latvia total: 2,303 km broad gauge: 2,270 km 1.520-m gauge (257 km electrified) narrow gauge: 33 km 0.750-m gauge (2005)
Lebanon total: 401 km standard gauge: 319 km 1.435 m narrow gauge: 82 km 1.050 m note: rail system became unusable because of damage done during fighting in the 1980s and in 2006 (2006)
Liberia total: 490 km standard gauge: 345 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 145 km 1.067-m gauge note: railway is inoperable because of damage suffered during the civil war (2005)
Libya 0 km note: Libya is working on seven lines totaling 2,757 km of 1.435-m gauge track; it hopes to have trains running by 2008 (2005)
Liechtenstein 9 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified) note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland (2006)
Lithuania total: 1,771 km broad gauge: 1,749 km 1.524-m gauge (122 km electrified) standard gauge: 22 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)
Luxembourg total: 274 km standard gauge: 274 km 1.435-m gauge (262 km electrified) (2005)
Macedonia total: 699 km standard gauge: 699 km 1.435-m gauge (233 km electrified) (2005)
Madagascar total: 854 km narrow gauge: 854 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Malawi total: 797 km narrow gauge: 797 km 1.067-m gauge (2005)
Malaysia total: 1,890 km standard gauge: 57 km 1.435-m gauge (57 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,833 km 1.000-m gauge (150 km electrified) (2005)
Mali total: 729 km narrow gauge: 729 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Mauritania 717 km standard gauge: 717 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)
Mexico total: 17,562 km standard gauge: 17,562 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)
Moldova total: 1,138 km broad gauge: 1,124 km 1.520-m gauge standard gauge: 14 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)
Mongolia total: 1,810 km broad gauge: 1,810 km 1.524-m gauge (2005)
Montenegro total: 250 km standard gauge: 250 km 1.435-m gauge (electrified 169 km) (2005)
Morocco total: 1,907 km standard gauge: 1,907 km 1.435-m gauge (1,003 km electrified) (2005)
Mozambique total: 3,123 km narrow gauge: 2,983 km 1.067-m gauge; 140 km 0.762-m gauge (2005)
Namibia total: 2,382 km narrow gauge: 2,382 km 1.067-m gauge (2005)
Nepal total: 59 km narrow gauge: 59 km 0.762-m gauge (2005)
Netherlands total: 2,808 km standard gauge: 2,808 km 1.435-m gauge (2,061 km electrified) (2005)
New Zealand total: 4,128 km narrow gauge: 4,128 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2005)
Nicaragua total: 6 km narrow gauge: 6 km 1.067-m gauge (2005)
Nigeria total: 3,505 km narrow gauge: 3,505 km 1.067-m gauge (2005)
Norway total: 4,077 km standard gauge: 4,077 km 1.435-m gauge (2,680 km electrified) (2005)
Pakistan total: 8,163 km broad gauge: 7,718 km 1.676-m gauge (293 km electrified) narrow gauge: 445 km 1.000-m gauge (2004)
Panama total: 355 km standard gauge: 77 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 278 km 0.914-m gauge (2005)
Paraguay total: 36 km standard gauge: 36 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)
Peru total: 3,462 km standard gauge: 2,962 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 500 km 0.914-m gauge (2005)
Philippines total: 897 km narrow gauge: 897 km 1.067-m gauge (492 km are in operation) (2005)
Poland total: 23,072 km broad gauge: 629 km 1.524-m gauge standard gauge: 22,443 km 1.435-m gauge (20,555 km operational; 11,910 km electrified) (2005)
Portugal total: 2,850 km broad gauge: 2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified) narrow gauge: 274 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Puerto Rico total: 96 km narrow gauge: 96 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Romania total: 11,385 km standard gauge: 10,898 km 1.435-m gauge (3,888 km electrified) broad gauge: 60 km 1.524-m gauge narrow gauge: 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2005)
Russia total: 87,157 km broad gauge: 86,200 km 1.520-m gauge (40,300 km electrified) narrow gauge: 957 km 1.067-m gauge (on Sakhalin Island) note: an additional 30,000 km of non-common carrier lines serve industries (2005)
Saint Kitts and Nevis total: 50 km narrow gauge: 50 km 0.762-m gauge on Saint Kitts to serve sugarcane plantations during harvest season and for tourists (2005)
Saudi Arabia total: 1,392 km standard gauge: 1,392 km 1.435-m gauge (with branch lines and sidings) (2005)
Senegal total: 906 km narrow gauge: 906 km 1.000 meter gauge (2005)
Serbia total: 4,135 km standard guage: 4,135 km 1.435-m guage (electrified 1,195 km) (2005)
Slovakia total: 3,662 km broad gauge: 100 km 1.520-m gauge standard gauge: 3,512 km 1.435-m gauge (1,588 km electrified) narrow gauge: 50 km (1.000-m or 0.750-m gauge) (2005)
Slovenia total: 1,229 km standard gauge: 1,229 km 1.435-m gauge (504 km electrified) (2005)
South Africa total: 20,872 km narrow gauge: 20,436 km 1.065-m gauge (8,868 km electrified); 436 km 0.610-m gauge (2005)
Spain total: 14,873 km broad gauge: 11,919 km 1.668-m gauge (6,950 km electrified) standard gauge: 998 km 1.435-m gauge (998 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,928 km 1.000-m gauge (815 km electrified); 28 km 0.914-m gauge (28 km electrified) (2005)
Sri Lanka total: 1,449 km broad gauge: 1,449 km 1.676-m gauge (2005)
Sudan total: 5,978 km narrow gauge: 4,578 km 1.067-m gauge; 1,400 km 0.600-m gauge for cotton plantations (2005)
Swaziland total: 301 km narrow gauge: 301 km 1.067-m gauge (2005)
Sweden total: 11,481 km standard gauge: 11,481 km 1.435-m gauge (9,400 km electrified) (2005)
Switzerland total: 4,583 km standard gauge: 3,234 km 1.435-m gauge (3,223 km electrified) narrow gauge: 1,339 km 1.000-m gauge (1,338 km electrified); 10 km 0.800-m gauge (10 km electrified) (2005)
Syria total: 2,711 km standard gauge: 2,460 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 251 km 1.050-m gauge (2005)
Taiwan total: 2,497 km narrow gauge: 1,097 km 1.067-m gauge (685 km electrified) note: 1,400 km .762-m gauge (belonging to the Taiwan Sugar Corporation and to the Taiwan Forestry Bureau) used to carry products and limited numbers of passengers (2005)
Tajikistan total: 482 km broad gauge: 482 km 1.520-m gauge (2005)
Tanzania total: 3,690 km narrow gauge: 969 km 1.067-m gauge; 2,721 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Thailand total: 4,071 km narrow gauge: 4,071 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Togo total: 568 km narrow gauge: 568 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Tunisia total: 2,153 km standard gauge: 471 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 1,674 km 1.000-m gauge (65 km electrified) dual gauge: 8 km 1.435 m and 1.000-m gauges (three rails) (2005)
Turkey total: 8,697 km standard gauge: 8,697 km 1.435-m gauge (2,122 km electrified) (2005)
Turkmenistan total: 2,440 km broad gauge: 2,440 km 1.520-m gauge (2005)
Uganda total: 1,244 km narrow gauge: 1,244 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)
Ukraine total: 22,473 km broad gauge: 22,473 km 1.524-m gauge (9,250 km electrified) (2005)
United Kingdom total: 17,156 km standard gauge: 16,814 km 1.435-m gauge (5,384 km electrified) broad gauge: 342 km 1.600-m gauge (in Northern Ireland) (2005)
United States total: 226,605 km standard gauge: 226,605 km 1.435-m gauge (2004)
Uruguay total: 2,073 km standard gauge: 2,073 km 1.435-m gauge note: 461 km have been taken out of service and 460 km are in partial use (2005)
Uzbekistan total: 3,950 km broad gauge: 3,950 km 1.520-m gauge (620 km electrified) (2005)
Venezuela total: 682 km standard gauge: 682 km 1.435-m gauge (2005)
Vietnam total: 2,600 km standard gauge: 178 km 1.435-m gauge narrow gauge: 2,169 km 1.000-m gauge dual gauge: 253 km three-rail track combining 1.435 m and 1.000-m gauges (2005)
World total: 1,115,205 km broad gauge: 257,481 km standard gauge: 671,413 km narrow gauge: 186,311 km (2003)
Zambia total: 2,173 km narrow gauge: 2,173 km 1.067-m gauge note: includes 891 km of the Tanzania-Zambia Railway Authority (TAZARA) (2005)
Zimbabwe total: 3,077 km narrow gauge: 3,077 km 1.067-m gauge (313 km electrified) (2005)
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2122 Religions (%)
Afghanistan Sunni Muslim 80%, Shi'a Muslim 19%, other 1%
Albania Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10% note: percentages are estimates; there are no available current statistics on religious affiliation; all mosques and churches were closed in 1967 and religious observances prohibited; in November 1990, Albania began allowing private religious practice
Algeria Sunni Muslim (state religion) 99%, Christian and Jewish 1%
American Samoa Christian Congregationalist 50%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant and other 30%
Andorra Roman Catholic (predominant)
Angola indigenous beliefs 47%, Roman Catholic 38%, Protestant 15% (1998 est.)
Anguilla Anglican 29%, Methodist 23.9%, other Protestant 30.2%, Roman Catholic 5.7%, other Christian 1.7%, other 5.2%, none or unspecified 4.3% (2001 Census)
Antigua and Barbuda Christian (predominantly Anglican with other Protestant, and some Roman Catholic)
Argentina nominally Roman Catholic 92% (less than 20% practicing), Protestant 2%, Jewish 2%, other 4%
Armenia Armenian Apostolic 94.7%, other Christian 4%, Yezidi (monotheist with elements of nature worship) 1.3%
Aruba Roman Catholic 82%, Protestant 8%, Hindu, Muslim, Confucian, Jewish
Australia Catholic 26.4%, Anglican 20.5%, other Christian 20.5%, Buddhist 1.9%, Muslim 1.5%, other 1.2%, unspecified 12.7%, none 15.3% (2001 Census)
Austria Roman Catholic 73.6%, Protestant 4.7%, Muslim 4.2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 2%, none 12% (2001 census)
Azerbaijan Muslim 93.4%, Russian Orthodox 2.5%, Armenian Orthodox 2.3%, other 1.8% (1995 est.) note: religious affiliation is still nominal in Azerbaijan; percentages for actual practicing adherents are much lower
Bahamas, The Baptist 35.4%, Anglican 15.1%, Roman Catholic 13.5%, Pentecostal 8.1%, Church of God 4.8%, Methodist 4.2%, other Christian 15.2%, none or unspecified 2.9%, other 0.8% (2000 census)
Bahrain Muslim (Shi'a and Sunni) 81.2%, Christian 9%, other 9.8% (2001 census)
Bangladesh Muslim 83%, Hindu 16%, other 1% (1998)
Barbados Protestant 67% (Anglican 40%, Pentecostal 8%, Methodist 7%, other 12%), Roman Catholic 4%, none 17%, other 12%
Belarus Eastern Orthodox 80%, other (including Roman Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, and Muslim) 20% (1997 est.)
Belgium Roman Catholic 75%, Protestant or other 25%
Belize Roman Catholic 49.6%, Protestant 27% (Pentecostal 7.4%, Anglican 5.3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 5.2%, Mennonite 4.1%, Methodist 3.5%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.5%), other 14%, none 9.4% (2000)
Benin indigenous beliefs 50%, Christian 30%, Muslim 20%
Bermuda Anglican 23%, Roman Catholic 15%, African Methodist Episcopal 11%, other Protestant 18%, other 12%, unaffiliated 6%, unspecified 1%, none 14% (2000 census)
Bhutan Lamaistic Buddhist 75%, Indian- and Nepalese-influenced Hinduism 25%
Bolivia Roman Catholic 95%, Protestant (Evangelical Methodist) 5%
Bosnia and Herzegovina Muslim 40%, Orthodox 31%, Roman Catholic 15%, other 14%
Botswana Christian 71.6%, Badimo 6%, other 1.4%, unspecified 0.4%, none 20.6% (2001 census)
Brazil Roman Catholic (nominal) 73.6%, Protestant 15.4%, Spiritualist 1.3%, Bantu/voodoo 0.3%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.2%, none 7.4% (2000 census)
British Virgin Islands Protestant 86% (Methodist 33%, Anglican 17%, Church of God 9%, Seventh-Day Adventist 6%, Baptist 4%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2%, other 15%), Roman Catholic 10%, none 2%, other 2% (1991)
Brunei Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10%
Bulgaria Bulgarian Orthodox 82.6%, Muslim 12.2%, other Christian 1.2%, other 4% (2001 census)
Burkina Faso Muslim 50%, indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian (mainly Roman Catholic) 10%
Burma Buddhist 89%, Christian 4% (Baptist 3%, Roman Catholic 1%), Muslim 4%, animist 1%, other 2%
Burundi Christian 67% (Roman Catholic 62%, Protestant 5%), indigenous beliefs 23%, Muslim 10%
Cambodia Theravada Buddhist 95%, other 5%
Cameroon indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%
Canada Roman Catholic 42.6%, Protestant 23.3% (including United Church 9.5%, Anglican 6.8%, Baptist 2.4%, Lutheran 2%), other Christian 4.4%, Muslim 1.9%, other and unspecified 11.8%, none 16% (2001 census)
Cape Verde Roman Catholic (infused with indigenous beliefs); Protestant (mostly Church of the Nazarene)
Cayman Islands United Church (Presbyterian and Congregational), Anglican, Baptist, Church of God, other Protestant, Roman Catholic
Central African Republic indigenous beliefs 35%, Protestant 25%, Roman Catholic 25%, Muslim 15% note: animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority
Chad Muslim 51%, Christian 35%, animist 7%, other 7%
Chile Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 11%, Jewish NEGL%
China Daoist (Taoist), Buddhist, Christian 3%-4%, Muslim 1%-2% note: officially atheist (2002 est.)
Christmas Island Buddhist 36%, Muslim 25%, Christian 18%, other 21% (1997)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Sunni Muslim 80%, other 20% (2002 est.)
Colombia Roman Catholic 90%, other 10%
Comoros Sunni Muslim 98%, Roman Catholic 2%
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 20%, Kimbanguist 10%, Muslim 10%, other syncretic sects and indigenous beliefs 10%
Congo, Republic of the Christian 50%, animist 48%, Muslim 2%
Cook Islands Cook Islands Christian Church 55.9%, Roman Catholic 16.8%, Seventh-Day Adventists 7.9%, Church of Latter Day Saints 3.8%, other Protestant 5.8%, other 4.2%, unspecified 2.6%, none 3% (2001 census)
Costa Rica Roman Catholic 76.3%, Evangelical 13.7%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.3%, other Protestant 0.7%, other 4.8%, none 3.2%
Cote d'Ivoire Muslim 35-40%, indigenous 25-40%, Christian 20-30% (2001) note: the majority of foreigners (migratory workers) are Muslim (70%) and Christian (20%)
Croatia Roman Catholic 87.8%, Orthodox 4.4%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 1.3%, other and unspecified 0.9%, none 5.2% (2001 census)
Cuba nominally 85% Roman Catholic prior to CASTRO assuming power; Protestants, Jehovah's Witnesses, Jews, and Santeria are also represented
Cyprus Greek Orthodox 78%, Muslim 18%, Maronite, Armenian Apostolic, and other 4%
Czech Republic Roman Catholic 26.8%, Protestant 2.1%, other 3.3%, unspecified 8.8%, unaffiliated 59% (2001 census)
Denmark Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, Muslim 2%
Djibouti Muslim 94%, Christian 6%
Dominica Roman Catholic 77%, Protestant 15% (Methodist 5%, Pentecostal 3%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3%, Baptist 2%, other 2%), other 6%, none 2%
Dominican Republic Roman Catholic 95%
East Timor Roman Catholic 90%, Muslim 4%, Protestant 3%, Hindu 0.5%, Buddhist, Animist (1992 est.)
Ecuador Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%
Egypt Muslim (mostly Sunni) 90%, Coptic 9%, other Christian 1%
El Salvador Roman Catholic 83%, other 17% note: there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic, pagan practices
Eritrea Muslim, Coptic Christian, Roman Catholic, Protestant
Estonia Evangelical Lutheran 13.6%, Orthodox 12.8%, other Christian (including Methodist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal) 1.4%, unaffiliated 34.1%, other and unspecified 32%, none 6.1% (2000 census)
Ethiopia Muslim 45%-50%, Ethiopian Orthodox 35%-40%, animist 12%, other 3%-8%
European Union Roman Catholic, Protestant, Orthodox, Muslim, Jewish
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Faroe Islands Evangelical Lutheran
Fiji Christian 52% (Methodist 37%, Roman Catholic 9%), Hindu 38%, Muslim 8%, other 2% note: Fijians are mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu, and there is a Muslim minority
Finland Lutheran National Church 84.2%, Greek Orthodox in Finland 1.1%, other Christian 1.1%, other 0.1%, none 13.5% (2003)
France Roman Catholic 83%-88%, Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim 5%-10%, unaffiliated 4%
French Guiana Roman Catholic
French Polynesia Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 10%, no religion 6%
Gabon Christian 55%-75%, animist, Muslim less than 1%
Gambia, The Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Gaza Strip Muslim (predominantly Sunni) 98.7%, Christian 0.7%, Jewish 0.6%
Georgia Orthodox Christian 83.9%, Muslim 9.9%, Armenian-Gregorian 3.9%, Catholic 0.8%, other 0.8%, none 0.7% (2002 census)
Germany Protestant 34%, Roman Catholic 34%, Muslim 3.7%, unaffiliated or other 28.3%
Ghana Christian 63%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 21%
Gibraltar Roman Catholic 78.1%, Church of England 7%, other Christian 3.2%, Muslim 4%, Jewish 2.1%, Hindu 1.8%, other or unspecified 0.9%, none 2.9% (2001 census)
Greece Greek Orthodox 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%
Greenland Evangelical Lutheran
Grenada Roman Catholic 53%, Anglican 13.8%, other Protestant 33.2%
Guadeloupe Roman Catholic 95%, Hindu and pagan African 4%, Protestant 1%
Guam Roman Catholic 85%, other 15% (1999 est.)
Guatemala Roman Catholic, Protestant, indigenous Mayan beliefs
Guernsey Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Baptist, Congregational, Methodist
Guinea Muslim 85%, Christian 8%, indigenous beliefs 7%
Guinea-Bissau indigenous beliefs 50%, Muslim 45%, Christian 5%
Guyana Christian 50%, Hindu 35%, Muslim 10%, other 5%
Haiti Roman Catholic 80%, Protestant 16% (Baptist 10%, Pentecostal 4%, Adventist 1%, other 1%), none 1%, other 3% note: roughly half of the population practices Voodoo
Holy See (Vatican City) Roman Catholic
Honduras Roman Catholic 97%, Protestant 3%
Hong Kong eclectic mixture of local religions 90%, Christian 10%
Hungary Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5% (2001 census)
Iceland Lutheran Church of Iceland 85.5%, Reykjavik Free Church 2.1%, Roman Catholic Church 2%, Hafnarfjorour Free Church 1.5%, other Christian 2.7%, other or unspecified 3.8%, unaffiliated 2.4% (2004)
India Hindu 80.5%, Muslim 13.4%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 1.9%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)
Indonesia Muslim 88%, Protestant 5%, Roman Catholic 3%, Hindu 2%, Buddhist 1%, other 1% (1998)
Iran Shi'a Muslim 89%, Sunni Muslim 9%, Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha'i 2%
Iraq Muslim 97% (Shi'a 60%-65%, Sunni 32%-37%), Christian or other 3%
Ireland Roman Catholic 88.4%, Church of Ireland 3%, other Christian 1.6%, other 1.5%, unspecified 2%, none 3.5% (2002 census)
Isle of Man Anglican, Roman Catholic, Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterian, Society of Friends
Israel Jewish 76.4%, Muslim 16%, Arab Christians 1.7%, other Christian 0.4%, Druze 1.6%, unspecified 3.9% (2004)
Italy approximately 90% Roman Catholic (about one-third regularly attend services); mature Protestant and Jewish communities and a growing Muslim immigrant community
Jamaica Protestant 61.3% (Church of God 21.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 9%, Baptist 8.8%, Pentecostal 7.6%, Anglican 5.5%, Methodist 2.7%, United Church 2.7%, Jehovah's Witness 1.6%, Brethren 1.1%, Moravian 1.1%), Roman Catholic 4%, other including some spiritual cults 34.7%
Japan observe both Shinto and Buddhist 84%, other 16% (including Christian 0.7%)
Jersey Anglican, Roman Catholic, Baptist, Congregational New Church, Methodist, Presbyterian
Jordan Sunni Muslim 92%, Christian 6% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), other 2% (several small Shi'a Muslim and Druze populations) (2001 est.)
Kazakhstan Muslim 47%, Russian Orthodox 44%, Protestant 2%, other 7%
Kenya Protestant 45%, Roman Catholic 33%, indigenous beliefs 10%, Muslim 10%, other 2% note: a large majority of Kenyans are Christian, but estimates for the percentage of the population that adheres to Islam or indigenous beliefs vary widely
Kiribati Roman Catholic 52%, Protestant (Congregational) 40%, some Seventh-Day Adventist, Muslim, Baha'i, Latter-day Saints, Church of God (1999)
Korea, North traditionally Buddhist and Confucianist, some Christian and syncretic Chondogyo (Religion of the Heavenly Way) note: autonomous religious activities now almost nonexistent; government-sponsored religious groups exist to provide illusion of religious freedom
Korea, South no affiliation 46%, Christian 26%, Buddhist 26%, Confucianist 1%, other 1%
Kuwait Muslim 85% (Sunni 70%, Shi'a 30%), Christian, Hindu, Parsi, and other 15%
Kyrgyzstan Muslim 75%, Russian Orthodox 20%, other 5%
Laos Buddhist 60%, animist and other 40% (including various Christian denominations 1.5%)
Latvia Lutheran, Roman Catholic, Russian Orthodox
Lebanon Muslim 59.7% (Shi'a, Sunni, Druze, Isma'ilite, Alawite or Nusayri), Christian 39% (Maronite Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Melkite Catholic, Armenian Orthodox, Syrian Catholic, Armenian Catholic, Syrian Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Chaldean, Assyrian, Copt, Protestant), other 1.3% note: 17 religious sects recognized
Lesotho Christian 80%, indigenous beliefs 20%
Liberia indigenous beliefs 40%, Christian 40%, Muslim 20%
Libya Sunni Muslim 97%
Liechtenstein Roman Catholic 76.2%, Protestant 7%, unknown 10.6%, other 6.2% (June 2002)
Lithuania Roman Catholic 79%, Russian Orthodox 4.1%, Protestant (including Lutheran and Evangelical Christian Baptist) 1.9%, other or unspecified 5.5%, none 9.5% (2001 census)
Luxembourg 87% Roman Catholic, 13% Protestants, Jews, and Muslims (2000)
Macau Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Macedonia Macedonian Orthodox 64.7%, other Christian 0.37%, Muslim 33.3%, other and unspecified 1.63% (2002 census)
Madagascar indigenous beliefs 52%, Christian 41%, Muslim 7%
Malawi Christian 79.9%, Muslim 12.8%, other 3%, none 4.3% (1998 census)
Malaysia Muslim, Buddhist, Daoist, Hindu, Christian, Sikh; note - in addition, Shamanism is practiced in East Malaysia
Maldives Sunni Muslim
Mali Muslim 90%, indigenous beliefs 9%, Christian 1%
Malta Roman Catholic 98%
Marshall Islands Protestant 54.8%, Assembly of God 25.8%, Roman Catholic 8.4%, Bukot nan Jesus 2.8%, Mormon 2.1%, other Christian 3.6%, other 1%, none 1.5% (1999 census)
Martinique Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 10.5%, Muslim 0.5%, Hindu 0.5%, other 3.5% (1997)
Mauritania Muslim 100%
Mauritius Hindu 48%, Roman Catholic 23.6%, other Christian 8.6%, Muslim 16.6%, other 2.5%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.4% (2000 census)
Mayotte Muslim 97%, Christian (mostly Roman Catholic)
Mexico nominally Roman Catholic 89%, Protestant 6%, other 5%
Micronesia, Federated States of Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%, other 3%
Moldova Eastern Orthodox 98%, Jewish 1.5%, Baptist and other 0.5% (2000)
Monaco Roman Catholic 90%
Mongolia Buddhist Lamaist 50%, none 40%, Shamanist and Christian 6%, Muslim 4% (2004)
Montenegro Orthodox, Muslim, Roman Catholic
Montserrat Anglican, Methodist, Roman Catholic, Pentecostal, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Christian denominations
Morocco Muslim 98.7%, Christian 1.1%, Jewish 0.2%
Mozambique Catholic 23.8%, Muslim 17.8%, Zionist Christian 17.5%, other 17.8%, none 23.1% (1997 census)
Namibia Christian 80% to 90% (Lutheran 50% at least), indigenous beliefs 10% to 20%
Nauru Christian (two-thirds Protestant, one-third Roman Catholic)
Nepal Hindu 80.6%, Buddhist 10.7%, Muslim 4.2%, Kirant 3.6%, other 0.9% (2001 census) note: only official Hindu state in the world
Netherlands Roman Catholic 31%, Dutch Reformed 13%, Calvinist 7%, Muslim 5.5%, other 2.5%, none 41% (2002)
Netherlands Antilles Roman Catholic 72%, Pentecostal 4.9%, Protestant 3.5%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.1%, Methodist 2.9%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.7%, other Christian 4.2%, Jewish 1.3%, other or unspecified 1.2%, none 5.2% (2001 census)
New Caledonia Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%
New Zealand Anglican 14.9%, Roman Catholic 12.4%, Presbyterian 10.9%, Methodist 2.9%, Pentecostal 1.7%, Baptist 1.3%, other Christian 9.4%, other 3.3%, unspecified 17.2%, none 26% (2001 census)
Nicaragua Roman Catholic 72.9%, Evangelical 15.1%, Moravian 1.5%, Episcopal 0.1%, other 1.9%, none 8.5% (1995 census)
Niger Muslim 80%, remainder indigenous beliefs and Christian
Nigeria Muslim 50%, Christian 40%, indigenous beliefs 10%
Niue Ekalesia Niue (Niuean Church - a Protestant church closely related to the London Missionary Society) 61.1%, Latter-Day Saints 8.8%, Roman Catholic 7.2%, Jehovah's Witnesses 2.4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, other 8.4%, unspecified 8.7%, none 1.9% (2001 census)
Norfolk Island Anglican 34.9%, Roman Catholic 11.7%, Uniting Church in Australia 11.2%, Seventh-Day Adventist 2.8%, Australian Christian 2.4%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, other 2.7%, unspecified 15.3%, none 18.1% (2001 census)
Northern Mariana Islands Christian (Roman Catholic majority, although traditional beliefs and taboos may still be found)
Norway Church of Norway 85.7%, Pentecostal 1%, Roman Catholic 1%, other Christian 2.4%, Muslim 1.8%, other 8.1% (2004)
Oman Ibadhi Muslim 75%, Sunni Muslim, Shi'a Muslim, Hindu
Pakistan Muslim 97% (Sunni 77%, Shi'a 20%), Christian, Hindu, and other 3%
Palau Roman Catholic 41.6%, Protestant 23.3%, Modekngei 8.8% (indigenous to Palau), Seventh-Day Adventist 5.3%, Jehovah's Witness 0.9%, Latter-Day Saints 0.6%, other religion 3.1%, unspecified or none 16.4% (2000 census)
Panama Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant 15%
Papua New Guinea Roman Catholic 22%, Lutheran 16%, Presbyterian/Methodist/London Missionary Society 8%, Anglican 5%, Evangelical Alliance 4%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1%, other Protestant 10%, indigenous beliefs 34%
Paraguay Roman Catholic 90%, Mennonite and other Protestant 10%
Peru Roman Catholic 81%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.4%, other Christian 0.7%, other 0.6%, unspecified or none 16.3% (2003 est.)
Philippines Roman Catholic 80.9%, Evangelical 2.8%, Iglesia ni Kristo 2.3%, Aglipayan 2%, other Christian 4.5%, Muslim 5%, other 1.8%, unspecified 0.6%, none 0.1% (2000 census)
Pitcairn Islands Seventh-Day Adventist 100%
Poland Roman Catholic 89.8% (about 75% practicing), Eastern Orthodox 1.3%, Protestant 0.3%, other 0.3%, unspecified 8.3% (2002)
Portugal Roman Catholic 94%, Protestant (1995)
Puerto Rico Roman Catholic 85%, Protestant and other 15%
Qatar Muslim 95%
Reunion Roman Catholic 86%, Hindu, Muslim, Buddhist (1995)
Romania Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) and unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002 census)
Russia Russian Orthodox 15-20%, Muslim 10-15%, other Christian 2% (2006 est.) note: estimates are of practicing worshipers; Russia has large populations of non-practicing believers and non-believers, a legacy of over seven decades of Soviet rule
Rwanda Roman Catholic 56.5%, Protestant 26%, Adventist 11.1%, Muslim 4.6%, indigenous beliefs 0.1%, none 1.7% (2001)
Saint Helena Anglican (majority), Baptist, Seventh-Day Adventist, Roman Catholic
Saint Kitts and Nevis Anglican, other Protestant, Roman Catholic
Saint Lucia Roman Catholic 67.5%, Seventh Day Adventist 8.5%, Pentecostal 5.7%, Anglican 2%, Evangelical 2%, other Christian 5.1%, Rastafarian 2.1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.5%, none 4.5% (2001 census)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Roman Catholic 99%
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Anglican 47%, Methodist 28%, Roman Catholic 13%, Hindu, Seventh-Day Adventist, other Protestant
Samoa Congregationalist 34.8%, Roman Catholic 19.6%, Methodist 15%, Latter-Day Saints 12.7%, Assembly of God 6.6%, Seventh-Day Adventist 3.5%, other Christian 4.5%, Worship Centre 1.3%, other 1.7%, unspecified 0.1% (2001 census)
San Marino Roman Catholic
Sao Tome and Principe Catholic 70.3%, Evangelical 3.4%, New Apostolic 2%, Adventist 1.8%, other 3.1%, none 19.4% (2001 census)
Saudi Arabia Muslim 100%
Senegal Muslim 94%, Christian 5% (mostly Roman Catholic), indigenous beliefs 1%
Serbia Serbian Orthodox, Muslim, Roman Catholic, Protestant
Seychelles Roman Catholic 82.3%, Anglican 6.4%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.1%, other Christian 3.4%, Hindu 2.1%, Muslim 1.1%, other non-Christian 1.5%, unspecified 1.5%, none 0.6% (2002 census)
Sierra Leone Muslim 60%, indigenous beliefs 30%, Christian 10%
Singapore Buddhist 42.5%, Muslim 14.9%, Taoist 8.5%, Hindu 4%, Catholic 4.8%, other Christian 9.8%, other 0.7%, none 14.8% (2000 census)
Slovakia Roman Catholic 68.9%, Protestant 10.8%, Greek Catholic 4.1%, other or unspecified 3.2%, none 13% (2001 census)
Slovenia Catholic 57.8%, Orthodox 2.3%, other Christian 0.9%, Muslim 2.4%, unaffiliated 3.5%, other or unspecified 23%, none 10.1% (2002 census)
Solomon Islands Church of Melanesia 32.8%, Roman Catholic 19%, South Seas Evangelical 17%, Seventh-Day Adventist 11.2%, United Church 10.3%, Christian Fellowship Church 2.4%, other Christian 4.4%, other 2.4%, unspecified 0.3%, none 0.2% (1999 census)
Somalia Sunni Muslim
South Africa Zion Christian 11.1%, Pentecostal/Charismatic 8.2%, Catholic 7.1%, Methodist 6.8%, Dutch Reformed 6.7%, Anglican 3.8%, other Christian 36%, Islam 1.5%, other 2.3%, unspecified 1.4%, none 15.1% (2001 census)
Spain Roman Catholic 94%, other 6%
Sri Lanka Buddhist 69.1%, Muslim 7.6%, Hindu 7.1%, Christian 6.2%, unspecified 10% (2001 census provisional data)
Sudan Sunni Muslim 70% (in north), indigenous beliefs 25%, Christian 5% (mostly in south and Khartoum)
Suriname Hindu 27.4%, Protestant 25.2% (predominantly Moravian), Roman Catholic 22.8%, Muslim 19.6%, indigenous beliefs 5%
Swaziland Zionist 40% (a blend of Christianity and indigenous ancestral worship), Roman Catholic 20%, Muslim 10%, Anglican, Bahai, Methodist, Mormon, Jewish and other 30%
Sweden Lutheran 87%, Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, Buddhist
Switzerland Roman Catholic 41.8%, Protestant 35.3%, Orthodox 1.8%, other Christian 0.4%, Muslim 4.3%, other 1%, unspecified 4.3%, none 11.1% (2000 census)
Syria Sunni Muslim 74%, Alawite, Druze, and other Muslim sects 16%, Christian (various sects) 10%, Jewish (tiny communities in Damascus, Al Qamishli, and Aleppo)
Taiwan mixture of Buddhist, Confucian, and Taoist 93%, Christian 4.5%, other 2.5%
Tajikistan Sunni Muslim 85%, Shi'a Muslim 5%, other 10% (2003 est.)
Tanzania mainland - Christian 30%, Muslim 35%, indigenous beliefs 35%; Zanzibar - more than 99% Muslim
Thailand Buddhist 94.6%, Muslim 4.6%, Christian 0.7%, other 0.1% (2000 census)
Togo indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%
Tokelau Congregational Christian Church 70%, Roman Catholic 28%, other 2% note: on Atafu, all Congregational Christian Church of Samoa; on Nukunonu, all Roman Catholic; on Fakaofo, both denominations, with the Congregational Christian Church predominant
Tonga Christian (Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents)
Trinidad and Tobago Roman Catholic 26%, Hindu 22.5%, Anglican 7.8%, Baptist 7.2%, Pentecostal 6.8%, other Christian 5.8%, Muslim 5.8%, Seventh Day Adventist 4%, other 10.8%, unspecified 1.4%, none 1.9% (2000 census)
Tunisia Muslim 98%, Christian 1%, Jewish and other 1%
Turkey Muslim 99.8% (mostly Sunni), other 0.2% (mostly Christians and Jews)
Turkmenistan Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, unknown 2%
Turks and Caicos Islands Baptist 40%, Anglican 18%, Methodist 16%, Church of God 12%, other 14% (1990)
Tuvalu Church of Tuvalu (Congregationalist) 97%, Seventh-Day Adventist 1.4%, Baha'i 1%, other 0.6%
Uganda Roman Catholic 33%, Protestant 33%, Muslim 16%, indigenous beliefs 18%
Ukraine Ukrainian Orthodox - Kyiv Patriarchate 19%, Orthodox (no particular jurisdiction) 16%, Ukrainian Orthodox - Moscow Patriarchate 9%, Ukrainian Greek Catholic 6%, Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox 1.7%, Protestant, Jewish, none 38% (2004 est.)
United Arab Emirates Muslim 96% (Shi'a 16%), Christian, Hindu, and other 4%
United Kingdom Christian (Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, Methodist) 71.6%, Muslim 2.7%, Hindu 1%, other 1.6%, unspecified or none 23.1% (2001 census)
United States Protestant 52%, Roman Catholic 24%, Mormon 2%, Jewish 1%, Muslim 1%, other 10%, none 10% (2002 est.)
Uruguay Roman Catholic 66% (less than half of the adult population attends church regularly), Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, nonprofessing or other 31%
Uzbekistan Muslim 88% (mostly Sunnis), Eastern Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Vanuatu Presbyterian 31.4%, Anglican 13.4%, Roman Catholic 13.1%, Seventh-Day Adventist 10.8%, other Christian 13.8%, indigenous beliefs 5.6% (including Jon Frum cargo cult), other 9.6%, none 1%, unspecified 1.3% (1999 Census)
Venezuela nominally Roman Catholic 96%, Protestant 2%, other 2%
Vietnam Buddhist 9.3%, Catholic 6.7%, Hoa Hao 1.5%, Cao Dai 1.1%, Protestant 0.5%, Muslim 0.1%, none 80.8% (1999 census)
Virgin Islands Baptist 42%, Roman Catholic 34%, Episcopalian 17%, other 7%
Wallis and Futuna Roman Catholic 99%, other 1%
West Bank Muslim 75% (predominantly Sunni), Jewish 17%, Christian and other 8%
Western Sahara Muslim
World Christians 33.03% (of which Roman Catholics 17.33%, Protestants 5.8%, Orthodox 3.42%, Anglicans 1.23%), Muslims 20.12%, Hindus 13.34%, Buddhists 5.89%, Sikhs 0.39%, Jews 0.23%, other religions 12.61%, non-religious 12.03%, atheists 2.36% (2004 est.)
Yemen Muslim including Shaf'i (Sunni) and Zaydi (Shi'a), small numbers of Jewish, Christian, and Hindu
Zambia Christian 50%-75%, Muslim and Hindu 24%-49%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Zimbabwe syncretic (part Christian, part indigenous beliefs) 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs 24%, Muslim and other 1%
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2123 Suffrage
Afghanistan 18 years of age; universal
Albania 18 years of age; universal
Algeria 18 years of age; universal
American Samoa 18 years of age; universal
Andorra 18 years of age; universal
Angola 18 years of age; universal
Anguilla 18 years of age; universal
Antigua and Barbuda 18 years of age; universal
Argentina 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Armenia 18 years of age; universal
Aruba 18 years of age; universal
Australia 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Austria 18 years of age; universal
Azerbaijan 18 years of age; universal
Bahamas, The 18 years of age; universal
Bahrain 18 years of age; universal
Bangladesh 18 years of age; universal
Barbados 18 years of age; universal
Belarus 18 years of age; universal
Belgium 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Belize 18 years of age; universal
Benin 18 years of age; universal
Bermuda 18 years of age; universal
Bhutan each family has one vote in village-level elections; note - in late 2003 Bhutan's legislature passed a new election law
Bolivia 18 years of age, universal and compulsory (married); 21 years of age, universal and compulsory (single)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 18 years of age, universal
Botswana 18 years of age; universal
Brazil voluntary between 16 and 18 years of age and over 70; compulsory over 18 and under 70 years of age; note - military conscripts do not vote
British Virgin Islands 18 years of age; universal
Brunei none
Bulgaria 18 years of age; universal
Burkina Faso universal
Burma 18 years of age; universal
Burundi NA years of age; universal adult
Cambodia 18 years of age; universal
Cameroon 20 years of age; universal
Canada 18 years of age; universal
Cape Verde 18 years of age; universal
Cayman Islands 18 years of age; universal
Central African Republic 21 years of age; universal
Chad 18 years of age; universal
Chile 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
China 18 years of age; universal
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 18 years of age; universal
Comoros 18 years of age; universal
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Congo, Republic of the 18 years of age; universal
Cook Islands NA years of age; universal adult
Costa Rica 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Cote d'Ivoire 18 years of age; universal
Croatia 18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)
Cuba 16 years of age; universal
Cyprus 18 years of age; universal
Czech Republic 18 years of age; universal
Denmark 18 years of age; universal
Djibouti 18 years of age; universal adult
Dominica 18 years of age; universal
Dominican Republic 18 years of age, universal and compulsory; married persons regardless of age note: members of the armed forces and national police cannot vote
East Timor 17 years of age; universal
Ecuador 18 years of age; universal, compulsory for literate persons ages 18-65, optional for other eligible voters
Egypt 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
El Salvador 18 years of age; universal
Equatorial Guinea 18 years of age; universal adult
Eritrea 18 years of age; universal
Estonia 18 years of age; universal for all Estonian citizens
Ethiopia 18 years of age; universal
European Union 18 years of age; universal
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 18 years of age; universal
Faroe Islands 18 years of age; universal
Fiji 21 years of age; universal
Finland 18 years of age; universal
France 18 years of age; universal
French Guiana 18 years of age; universal
French Polynesia 18 years of age; universal
Gabon 21 years of age; universal
Gambia, The 18 years of age; universal
Georgia 18 years of age; universal
Germany 18 years of age; universal
Ghana 18 years of age; universal
Gibraltar 18 years of age; universal, plus other British citizens who have been residents six months or more
Greece 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Greenland 18 years of age; universal
Grenada 18 years of age; universal
Guadeloupe 18 years of age; universal
Guam 18 years of age; universal; US citizens, but do not vote in US presidential elections
Guatemala 18 years of age; universal (active duty members of the armed forces may not vote and are restricted to their barracks on election day)
Guernsey 18 years of age; universal
Guinea 18 years of age; universal
Guinea-Bissau 18 years of age; universal
Guyana 18 years of age; universal
Haiti 18 years of age; universal
Holy See (Vatican City) limited to cardinals less than 80 years old
Honduras 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Hong Kong direct election 18 years of age; universal for permanent residents living in the territory of Hong Kong for the past seven years; indirect election limited to about 200,000 members of functional constituencies and an 800-member election committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Hungary 18 years of age; universal
Iceland 18 years of age; universal
India 18 years of age; universal
Indonesia 17 years of age; universal and married persons regardless of age
Iran 15 years of age; universal
Iraq formerly 18 years of age; universal
Ireland 18 years of age; universal
Isle of Man 16 years of age; universal
Israel 18 years of age; universal
Italy 18 years of age; universal (except in senatorial elections, where minimum age is 25)
Jamaica 18 years of age; universal
Japan 20 years of age; universal
Jersey NA years of age; universal adult
Jordan 18 years of age; universal
Kazakhstan 18 years of age; universal
Kenya 18 years of age; universal
Kiribati 18 years of age; universal
Korea, North 17 years of age; universal
Korea, South 19 years of age; universal
Kuwait adult males who are not in the military forces, and adult females (as of 16 May 2005); all voters must have been citizens for 20 years
Kyrgyzstan 18 years of age; universal
Laos 18 years of age; universal
Latvia 18 years of age; universal for Latvian citizens
Lebanon 21 years of age; compulsory for all males; authorized for women at age 21 with elementary education
Lesotho 18 years of age; universal
Liberia 18 years of age; universal
Libya 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Liechtenstein 18 years of age; universal
Lithuania 18 years of age; universal
Luxembourg 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Macau direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Macedonia 18 years of age; universal
Madagascar 18 years of age; universal
Malawi 18 years of age; universal
Malaysia 21 years of age; universal
Maldives 21 years of age; universal
Mali 18 years of age; universal
Malta 18 years of age; universal
Marshall Islands 18 years of age; universal
Martinique 18 years of age; universal
Mauritania 18 years of age; universal
Mauritius 18 years of age; universal
Mayotte 18 years of age; universal
Mexico 18 years of age; universal and compulsory (but not enforced)
Micronesia, Federated States of 18 years of age; universal
Moldova 18 years of age; universal
Monaco 18 years of age; universal
Mongolia 18 years of age; universal
Montenegro 18 years of age; universal
Montserrat 18 years of age; universal
Morocco 18 years of age; universal (as of January 2003)
Mozambique 18 years of age; universal
Namibia 18 years of age; universal
Nauru 20 years of age; universal and compulsory
Nepal 18 years of age; universal
Netherlands 18 years of age; universal
Netherlands Antilles 18 years of age; universal
New Caledonia 18 years of age; universal
New Zealand 18 years of age; universal
Nicaragua 16 years of age; universal
Niger 18 years of age; universal
Nigeria 18 years of age; universal
Niue 18 years of age; universal
Norfolk Island 18 years of age; universal
Northern Mariana Islands 18 years of age; universal; indigenous inhabitants are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections
Norway 18 years of age; universal
Oman in Oman's most recent Majlis al-Shura elections in 2003, suffrage was universal for all Omanis over age 21 except for members of the military and security forces; the next Majlis al-Shura elections are scheduled for 2007
Pakistan 18 years of age; universal; joint electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for women and non-Muslims
Palau 18 years of age; universal
Panama 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Papua New Guinea 18 years of age; universal
Paraguay 18 years of age; universal and compulsory up to age 75
Peru 18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70; note - members of the military and national police may not vote
Philippines 18 years of age; universal
Pitcairn Islands 18 years of age; universal with three years residency
Poland 18 years of age; universal
Portugal 18 years of age; universal
Puerto Rico 18 years of age; universal; island residents are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections
Qatar 18 years of age; universal
Reunion 18 years of age; universal
Romania 18 years of age; universal
Russia 18 years of age; universal
Rwanda 18 years of age; universal adult
Saint Helena NA years of age
Saint Kitts and Nevis 18 years of age; universal
Saint Lucia 18 years of age; universal
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 18 years of age; universal
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 18 years of age; universal
Samoa 21 years of age; universal
San Marino 18 years of age; universal
Sao Tome and Principe 18 years of age; universal
Saudi Arabia adult male citizens age 21 or older note: voter registration began in November 2004 for partial municipal council elections held nationwide from February through April 2005
Senegal 18 years of age; universal
Serbia 18 universal
Seychelles 17 years of age; universal
Sierra Leone 18 years of age; universal
Singapore 21 years of age; universal and compulsory
Slovakia 18 years of age; universal
Slovenia 18 years of age; universal (16 years of age, if employed)
Solomon Islands 21 years of age; universal
Somalia 18 years of age; universal
South Africa 18 years of age; universal
Spain 18 years of age; universal
Sri Lanka 18 years of age; universal
Sudan 17 years of age; universal, but noncompulsory
Suriname 18 years of age; universal
Swaziland 18 years of age
Sweden 18 years of age; universal
Switzerland 18 years of age; universal
Syria 18 years of age; universal
Taiwan 20 years of age; universal
Tajikistan 18 years of age; universal
Tanzania 18 years of age; universal
Thailand 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Togo NA years of age; universal adult
Tokelau 21 years of age; universal
Tonga 21 years of age; universal
Trinidad and Tobago 18 years of age; universal
Tunisia 20 years of age; universal
Turkey 18 years of age; universal
Turkmenistan 18 years of age; universal
Turks and Caicos Islands 18 years of age; universal
Tuvalu 18 years of age; universal
Uganda 18 years of age; universal
Ukraine 18 years of age; universal
United Arab Emirates none
United Kingdom 18 years of age; universal
United States 18 years of age; universal
Uruguay 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Uzbekistan 18 years of age; universal
Vanuatu 18 years of age; universal
Venezuela 18 years of age; universal
Vietnam 18 years of age; universal
Virgin Islands 18 years of age; universal; island residents are US citizens but do not vote in US presidential elections
Wallis and Futuna 18 years of age; universal
Western Sahara none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign not yet completed
Yemen 18 years of age; universal
Zambia 18 years of age; universal
Zimbabwe 18 years of age; universal
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2124 Telephone system
Afghanistan general assessment: very limited telephone and telegraph service domestic: telephone service is improving with the licensing of four wireless telephone service providers by 2005; approximately 4 in 100 Afghans own a wireless telephone; telephone main lines remain limited. international: country code - 93; five VSAT's installed in Kabul, Herat, Mazar-e-Sharif, Kandahar, and Jalalabad provide international and domestic voice and data connectivity
Albania general assessment: despite new investment in fixed lines, the density of main lines remains the lowest in Europe with roughly seven lines per 100 people; however, cellular telephone use is widespread and generally effective domestic: offsetting the shortage of fixed line capacity, mobile phone service has been available since 1996; by 2003 two companies were providing mobile services at a greater density than some of Albania's Balkan neighbors international: country code - 355; inadequate fixed main lines; adequate cellular connections; international traffic carried by fiber optic cable and, when necessary, by microwave radio relay from the Tirana exchange to Italy and Greece (2003)
Algeria general assessment: telephone density in Algeria is very low, not exceeding five telephones per 100 persons; the number of fixed main lines increased in the last few years to nearly 2.6 million, but only about two-thirds of these have subscribers; much of the infrastructure is outdated and inefficient domestic: good service in north but sparse in south; domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations (20 additional domestic earth stations are planned) international: country code - 213; submarine cables - 5; microwave radio relay to Italy, France, Spain, Morocco, and Tunisia; coaxial cable to Morocco and Tunisia; participant in Medarabtel; satellite earth stations - 51 (Intelsat, Intersputnik, and Arabsat) (2005)
American Samoa general assessment: NA domestic: good telex, telegraph, facsimile and cellular telephone services; domestic satellite system with 1 Comsat earth station international: country code - 684; satellite earth station - 1 (Intelsat-Pacific Ocean)
Andorra general assessment: NA domestic: modern system with microwave radio relay connections between exchanges international: country code - 376; landline circuits to France and Spain
Angola general assessment: telephone service limited mostly to government and business use; HF radiotelephone used extensively for military links domestic: limited system of wire, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 244; satellite earth stations - 29; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia (2005)
Anguilla general assessment: NA domestic: modern internal telephone system international: country code - 1-264; microwave radio relay to island of Saint Martin (Guadeloupe and Netherlands Antilles)
Antarctica general assessment: local systems at some research stations domestic: commercial cellular networks operating in a small number of locations international: country code - 672; via satellite (including mobile Inmarsat and Iridium systems) from all research stations, ships, aircraft, and most field parties
Antigua and Barbuda general assessment: NA domestic: good automatic telephone system international: country code - 1-268; 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 2; tropospheric scatter to Saba (Netherlands Antilles) and Guadeloupe
Argentina general assessment: by opening the telecommunications market to competition and foreign investment with the "Telecommunications Liberalization Plan of 1998," Argentina encouraged the growth of modern telecommunications technology; fiber-optic cable trunk lines are being installed between all major cities; the major networks are entirely digital and the availability of telephone service is improving; however, telephone density is presently minimal, and making telephone service universally available will take time domestic: microwave radio relay, fiber-optic cable, and a domestic satellite system with 40 earth stations serve the trunk network; more than 110,000 pay telephones are installed and mobile telephone use is rapidly expanding international: country code - 54; satellite earth stations - 112; Atlantis II and Unisur submarine cables; two international gateways near Buenos Aires (2005)
Armenia general assessment: system inadequate; now 90% privately owned and undergoing modernization and expansion domestic: the majority of subscribers and the most modern equipment are in Yerevan (this includes paging and mobile cellular service) international: country code - 374; Yerevan is connected to the Trans-Asia-Europe fiber-optic cable through Iran; additional international service is available by microwave radio relay and landline connections to the other countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States and through the Moscow international switch and by satellite to the rest of the world; satellite earth stations - 3 (2005)
Aruba general assessment: modern fully automatic telecommunications system domestic: increased competition through privatization; 3 wireless service providers are now licensed international: country code - 297; 1 submarine cable to Sint Maarten (Netherlands Antilles); extensive interisland microwave radio relay links
Australia general assessment: excellent domestic and international service domestic: domestic satellite system; much use of radiotelephone in areas of low population density; rapid growth of mobile cellular telephones international: country code - 61; submarine cables to New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and Indonesia; satellite earth stations - 19 (10 Intelsat - 4 Indian Ocean and 6 Pacific Ocean, 2 Inmarsat - Indian and Pacific Ocean regions, 2 Globalstar, 5 other) (2005)
Austria general assessment: highly developed and efficient domestic: there are 45 main lines for every 100 persons; the fiber optic net is very extensive; all telephone applications and Internet services are available international: country code - 43; satellite earth stations - 15; in addition, there are about 600 VSAT (very small aperture terminals) (2005)
Azerbaijan general assessment: inadequate; requires considerable expansion and modernization; teledensity of 14 main lines per 100 persons is low (2002) domestic: the majority of telephones are in Baku and other industrial centers - about 700 villages still without public telephone service; satellite service connects Baku to a modern switch in its exclave of Naxcivan international: country code - 994; the old Soviet system of cable and microwave is still serviceable; satellite earth stations - 2 (2005)
Bahamas, The general assessment: modern facilities domestic: totally automatic system; highly developed international: country code - 1-242; tropospheric scatter and submarine cable to Florida; 3 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth station - 2 (2005)
Bahrain general assessment: modern system domestic: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones international: country code - 973; tropospheric scatter to Qatar and UAE; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; submarine cable to Qatar, UAE, and Saudi Arabia; satellite earth stations - 1 (1997)
Bangladesh general assessment: totally inadequate for a modern country domestic: modernizing; introducing digital systems; trunk systems include VHF and UHF microwave radio relay links, and some fiber-optic cable in cities international: country code - 880; satellite earth stations - 6; international radiotelephone communications and landline service to neighboring countries (2005)
Barbados general assessment: NA domestic: island-wide automatic telephone system international: country code - 1-246; satellite earth stations - 1 (Intelsat -Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Trinidad and Saint Lucia
Belarus general assessment: Belarus lags behind its neighbors in upgrading telecommunications infrastructure; state-owned Beltelcom, is the sole provider of fixed line local and long distance service; modernization of the network to digital switching progressing slowly domestic: fixed line penetration is improving although rural areas continue to be underserved; four GSM wireless networks are experiencing rapid growth; strict government controls on telecommunications technologies international: country code - 375; Belarus is a member of the Trans-European Line (TEL), Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line, and has access to the Trans-Siberia Line (TSL); three fiber-optic segments provide connectivity to Latvia, Poland, Russia, and Ukraine; worldwide service is available to Belarus through this infrastructure; additional analog lines to Russia; Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik earth stations
Belgium general assessment: highly developed, technologically advanced, and completely automated domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities domestic: nationwide cellular telephone system; extensive cable network; limited microwave radio relay network international: country code - 32; submarine cables - 5; satellite earth stations - 7 (Intelsat - 3) (2005)
Belize general assessment: above-average system domestic: trunk network depends primarily on microwave radio relay international: country code - 501; satellite earth station - 8 (Intelsat - 2, unknown - 6) (2005)
Benin general assessment: NA domestic: fair system of open-wire, microwave radio relay, and cellular connections international: country code - 229; satellite earth station - 7 (Intelsat-Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Bermuda general assessment: good domestic: fully automatic digital telephone system; fiber optic trunk lines international: country code - 1-441; submarine cables - 3 (fiber optic); satellite earth stations - 3 (2005)
Bhutan general assessment: telecommunications facilities are poor domestic: very low teledensity; domestic service is very poor especially in rural areas; wireless service available since 2003 international: country code - 975; international telephone and telegraph service via landline and microwave relay through India; satellite earth station - 1 (2005)
Bolivia general assessment: new subscribers face bureaucratic difficulties; most telephones are concentrated in La Paz and other cities; mobile cellular telephone use expanding rapidly domestic: primary trunk system, which is being expanded, employs digital microwave radio relay; some areas are served by fiber-optic cable; mobile cellular systems are being expanded international: country code - 591; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Bosnia and Herzegovina general assessment: telephone and telegraph network needs modernization and expansion; many urban areas are below average as contrasted with services in other former Yugoslav republics domestic: NA international: country code - 387; no satellite earth stations
Botswana general assessment: the system is expanding with the growth of mobile cellular service and participation in regional development domestic: small system of open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and a few radiotelephone communication stations; mobile cellular service is growing fast international: country code - 267; two international exchanges; digital microwave radio relay links to Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Brazil general assessment: good working system domestic: extensive microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 64 earth stations international: country code - 55; 3 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region east), connected by microwave relay system to Mercosur Brazilsat B3 satellite earth station
British Indian Ocean Territory general assessment: separate facilities for military and public needs are available domestic: all commercial telephone services are available, including connection to the Internet international: international telephone service is carried by satellite (2000)
British Virgin Islands general assessment: worldwide telephone service domestic: NA international: country code - 1-284; submarine cable to Bermuda
Brunei general assessment: service throughout the country is excellent; international service is good to East Asia, Europe, and the US domestic: every service available international: country code - 673; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, the Philippines, and Singapore (2001)
Bulgaria general assessment: extensive but antiquated domestic: more than two-thirds of the lines are residential; telephone service is available in most villages; a fairly modern digital cable trunk line now connects switching centers in most of the regions, the others are connected by digital microwave radio relay international: country code - 359; direct dialing to 58 countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region); 2 Intelsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions)
Burkina Faso general assessment: all services only fair domestic: microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone communication stations international: country code - 226; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Burma general assessment: barely meets minimum requirements for local and intercity service for business and government; international service is fair domestic: NA international: country code - 95; satellite earth station - 2, Intelsat (Indian Ocean), and ShinSat
Burundi general assessment: primitive system domestic: sparse system of open-wire, radiotelephone communications, and low-capacity microwave radio relay international: country code - 257; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Cambodia general assessment: adequate landline and/or cellular service in Phnom Penh and other provincial cities; mobile phone coverage is rapidly expanding in rural areas domestic: NA international: country code - 855; adequate but expensive landline and cellular service available to all countries from Phnom Penh and major provincial cities; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Cameroon general assessment: available only to business and government domestic: cable, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 237; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Canada general assessment: excellent service provided by modern technology domestic: domestic satellite system with about 300 earth stations international: country code - 1-xxx; 5 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) and 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)
Cape Verde general assessment: effective system, extensive modernization from 1996-2000 following partial privatization in 1995 domestic: major service provider is Cabo Verde Telecom (CVT); fiber optic ring, completed in 2001, links all islands providing Internet access and ISDN services; cellular service introduced in 1998 international: country code - 238; 2 coaxial submarine cables; HF radiotelephone to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Cayman Islands general assessment: reasonably good system domestic: liberalization of telecom market in 2003 reflected in falling prices and improving services international: country code - 1-345; 2 submarine fiber optic cables (Maya-1, Cayman-Jamaica); satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Central African Republic general assessment: fair system domestic: network consists principally of microwave radio relay and low-capacity, low-powered radiotelephone communication international: country code - 236; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Chad general assessment: primitive system domestic: fair system of radiotelephone communication stations international: country code - 235; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Chile general assessment: modern system based on extensive microwave radio relay facilities domestic: extensive microwave radio relay links; domestic satellite system with three earth stations international: country code - 56; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
China general assessment: domestic and international services are increasingly available for private use; unevenly distributed domestic system serves principal cities, industrial centers, and many towns domestic: interprovincial fiber-optic trunk lines and cellular telephone systems have been installed; a domestic satellite system with 55 earth stations is in place international: country code - 86; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region) and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions); several international fiber-optic links to Japan, South Korea, Hong Kong, Russia, and Germany (2000)
Christmas Island general assessment: service provided by the Australian network domestic: GSM mobile telephone service replaced older analog system in February 2005 international: country code - 61-8; satellite earth stations - one INTELSAT earth station provides telephone and telex service (2005)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands general assessment: connected within Australia's telecommunication system domestic: NA international: country code - 61; telephone, telex, and facsimile communications with Australia and elsewhere via satellite; 1 INTELSAT satellite earth station
Colombia general assessment: modern system in many respects domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system; domestic satellite system with 41 earth stations; fiber-optic network linking 50 cities international: country code - 57; satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 1 Inmarsat; 3 fully digitalized international switching centers; 8 submarine cables
Comoros general assessment: sparse system of microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communication stations domestic: HF radiotelephone communications and microwave radio relay international: country code - 269; HF radiotelephone communications to Madagascar and Reunion
Congo, Democratic Republic of the general assessment: poor domestic: barely adequate wire and microwave radio relay service in and between urban areas; domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations international: country code - 243; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Congo, Republic of the general assessment: services barely adequate for government use; key exchanges are in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo; intercity lines frequently out of order domestic: primary network consists of microwave radio relay and coaxial cable international: country code - 242; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Cook Islands general assessment: Telecom Cook Islands offers international direct dialing, Internet, email, fax, and Telex domestic: the individual islands are connected by a combination of satellite earth stations, microwave systems, and VHF and HF radiotelephone; within the islands, service is provided by small exchanges connected to subscribers by open-wire, cable, and fiber-optic cable international: country code - 682; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Costa Rica general assessment: good domestic telephone service in terms of breadth of coverage; restricted cellular telephone service domestic: point-to-point and point-to-multi-point microwave, fiber-optic, and coaxial cable link rural areas; Internet service is available international: country code - 506; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); two submarine cables (1999)
Cote d'Ivoire general assessment: well developed by African standards but operating well below capacity domestic: open-wire lines and microwave radio relay; 90% digitalized international: country code - 225; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); 2 submarine cables (June 1999)
Croatia general assessment: NA domestic: reconstruction plan calls for replacement of all analog circuits with digital and enlarging the network; a backup will be included in the plan for the main trunk international: country code - 385; digital international service is provided through the main switch in Zagreb; Croatia participates in the Trans-Asia-Europe (TEL) fiber-optic project, which consists of two fiber-optic trunk connections with Slovenia and a fiber-optic trunk line from Rijeka to Split and Dubrovnik; Croatia is also investing in ADRIA 1, a joint fiber-optic project with Germany, Albania, and Greece
Cuba general assessment: greater investment beginning in 1994 and the establishment of a new Ministry of Information Technology and Communications in 2000 has resulted in improvements in the system; wireless service is expensive and remains restricted to foreigners and regime elites, many Cubans procure wireless service illegally with the help of foreigners domestic: national fiber-optic system under development; 85% of switches digitized by end of 2004; telephone line density remains low, at less than 10 per 100 inhabitants; domestic cellular service expanding international: country code - 53; fiber-optic cable laid to but not linked to US network; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)
Cyprus general assessment: excellent in both Republic of Cyprus and north Cyprus areas domestic: open-wire, fiber-optic cable, and microwave radio relay international: country code - 357 (area administered by Turkish Cypriots uses the country code of Turkey - 90); tropospheric scatter; 3 coaxial and 5 fiber-optic submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 2 Eutelsat, 2 Intersputnik, and 1 Arabsat
Czech Republic general assessment: privatization and modernization of the Czech telecommunication system got a late start but is advancing steadily; growth in the use of mobile cellular telephones is particularly vigorous domestic: 86% of exchanges now digital; existing copper subscriber systems now being enhanced with Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) equipment to accommodate Internet and other digital signals; trunk systems include fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay international: country code - 420; satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat, 1 Globalstar
Denmark general assessment: excellent telephone and telegraph services domestic: buried and submarine cables and microwave radio relay form trunk network, 4 cellular mobile communications systems international: country code - 45; 18 submarine fiber-optic cables linking Denmark with Canada, Faroe Islands, Germany, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Russia, Sweden, and UK; satellite earth stations - 6 Intelsat, 10 Eutelsat, 1 Orion, 1 Inmarsat (Blaavand-Atlantic-East); note - the Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) share the Danish earth station and the Eik, Norway, station for worldwide Inmarsat access (1997)
Djibouti general assessment: telephone facilities in the city of Djibouti are adequate, as are the microwave radio relay connections to outlying areas of the country domestic: microwave radio relay network international: country code - 253; submarine cable to Jiddah, Suez, Sicily, Marseille, Colombo, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; Medarabtel regional microwave radio relay telephone network
Dominica general assessment: NA domestic: fully automatic network international: country code - 1-767; microwave radio relay and SHF radiotelephone links to Martinique and Guadeloupe; VHF and UHF radiotelephone links to Saint Lucia
Dominican Republic general assessment: NA domestic: relatively efficient system based on island-wide microwave radio relay network international: country code - 1-809; 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
East Timor NA
Ecuador general assessment: generally elementary but being expanded domestic: facilities generally inadequate and unreliable international: country code - 593; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Egypt general assessment: large system; underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Internet access and cellular service are available domestic: principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay international: country code - 20; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel
El Salvador general assessment: NA domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system international: country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
Equatorial Guinea general assessment: poor system with adequate government services domestic: NA international: country code - 240; international communications from Bata and Malabo to African and European countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Eritrea general assessment: inadequate domestic: inadequate; most telephones are in Asmara; government is seeking international tenders to improve the system (2002) international: country code - 291; note - international connections exist
Estonia general assessment: foreign investment in the form of joint business ventures greatly improved telephone service; substantial fiber-optic cable systems carry telephone, TV, and radio traffic in the digital mode; Internet services are available throughout most of the country domestic: a wide range of high quality voice, data, and Internet services is available throughout the country international: country code - 372; fiber-optic cables to Finland, Sweden, Latvia, and Russia provide worldwide packet-switched service; two international switches are located in Tallinn (2001)
Ethiopia general assessment: adequate for government use domestic: open-wire; microwave radio relay; radio communication in the HF, VHF, and UHF frequencies; two domestic satellites provide the national trunk service international: country code - 251; open-wire to Sudan and Djibouti; microwave radio relay to Kenya and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean)
European Union note - see individual country entries of member states
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: country code - 500; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Faroe Islands general assessment: good international communications; good domestic facilities domestic: digitalization was completed in 1998; both NMT (analog) and GSM (digital) mobile telephone systems are installed international: country code - 298; satellite earth stations - 1 Orion; 1 fiber-optic submarine cable to the Shetland Islands, linking the Faroe Islands with Denmark and Iceland; fiber-optic submarine cable connection to Canada-Europe cable
Fiji general assessment: modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio communications center domestic: NA international: country code - 679; access to important cable links between US and Canada as well as between NZ and Australia; 2 satellite earth stations - 2 INMARSAT (Pacific Ocean)
Finland general assessment: modern system with excellent service domestic: digital fiber-optic fixed-line network and an extensive cellular network provide domestic needs international: country code - 358; 1 submarine cable (Finland Estonia Connection); satellite earth stations - access to Intelsat transmission service via a Swedish satellite earth station, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Finland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden)
France general assessment: highly developed domestic: extensive cable and microwave radio relay; extensive introduction of fiber-optic cable; domestic satellite system international: country code - 33; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (with total of 5 antennas - 2 for Indian Ocean and 3 for Atlantic Ocean), NA Eutelsat, 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region); HF radiotelephone communications with more than 20 countries
French Guiana general assessment: NA domestic: fair open-wire and microwave radio relay system international: country code - 594; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
French Polynesia general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 689; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Gabon general assessment: adequate service by African standards and improving with the help of the growing mobile cell system domestic: adequate system of cable, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, radiotelephone communication stations, and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations international: country code - 241; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Gambia, The general assessment: adequate; a packet switched data network is available domestic: adequate network of microwave radio relay and open-wire international: country code - 220; microwave radio relay links to Senegal and Guinea-Bissau; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Gaza Strip general assessment: NA domestic: Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed line services in the Gaza Strip; the Palestinian JAWAL company provides cellular services international: country code - 970
Georgia general assessment: NA domestic: local - T'bilisi and K'ut'aisi have cellular telephone networks; urban telephone density is about 20 per 100 people; rural telephone density is about 4 per 100 people; intercity facilities include a fiber-optic line between T'bilisi and K'ut'aisi; nationwide pager service is available international: country code - 995; Georgia and Russia are working on a fiber-optic line between P'ot'i and Sochi (Russia); present international service is available by microwave, landline, and satellite through the Moscow switch; international electronic mail and telex service are available
Germany general assessment: Germany has one of the world's most technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result of intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly backward system of the eastern part of the country, dating back to World War II, has been modernized and integrated with that of the western part domestic: Germany is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available, expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to many foreign countries international: country code - 49; Germany's international service is excellent worldwide, consisting of extensive land and undersea cable facilities as well as earth stations in the Inmarsat, Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems (2001)
Ghana general assessment: poor to fair system; Internet accessible; many rural communities not yet connected; expansion of services is underway domestic: primarily microwave radio relay; wireless local loop has been installed international: country code - 233; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay link to Panaftel system connects Ghana to its neighbors; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Gibraltar general assessment: adequate, automatic domestic system and adequate international facilities domestic: automatic exchange facilities international: country code - 350; radiotelephone; microwave radio relay; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Greece general assessment: adequate, modern networks reach all areas; good mobile telephone and international service domestic: microwave radio relay trunk system; extensive open-wire connections; submarine cable to offshore islands international: country code - 30; tropospheric scatter; 8 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region)
Greenland general assessment: adequate domestic and international service provided by satellite, cables and microwave radio relay; totally digitalized in 1995 domestic: microwave radio relay and satellite international: country code - 299; satellite earth stations - 12 Intelsat, 1 Eutelsat, 2 Americom GE-2 (all Atlantic Ocean)
Grenada general assessment: automatic, islandwide telephone system domestic: interisland VHF and UHF radiotelephone links international: country code - 1-473; new SHF radiotelephone links to Trinidad and Tobago and Saint Vincent; VHF and UHF radio links to Trinidad
Guadeloupe general assessment: domestic facilities inadequate domestic: NA international: country code - 590; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); microwave radio relay to Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, and Martinique
Guam general assessment: modern system, integrated with US facilities for direct dialing, including free use of 800 numbers domestic: modern digital system, including cellular mobile service and local access to the Internet international: country code - 1-671; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); submarine cables to US and Japan (Guam is a trans-Pacific communications hub for MCI, Sprint, AT&T, IT&E, and GTE, linking the US and Asia)
Guatemala general assessment: fairly modern network centered in the city of Guatemala domestic: NA international: country code - 502; connected to Central American Microwave System; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Guernsey general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: 1 submarine cable
Guinea general assessment: poor to fair system of open-wire lines, small radiotelephone communication stations, and new microwave radio relay system domestic: microwave radio relay and radiotelephone communication international: country code - 224; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Guinea-Bissau general assessment: small system domestic: combination of microwave radio relay, open-wire lines, radiotelephone, and cellular communications international: country code - 245
Guyana general assessment: fair system for long-distance service domestic: microwave radio relay network for trunk lines international: country code - 592; tropospheric scatter to Trinidad; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Haiti general assessment: domestic facilities barely adequate; international facilities slightly better domestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay trunk service international: country code - 509; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Holy See (Vatican City) general assessment: automatic digital exchange domestic: connected via fiber optic cable to Telecom Italia network international: country code - 39; uses Italian system
Honduras general assessment: inadequate system domestic: NA international: country code - 504; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
Hong Kong general assessment: modern facilities provide excellent domestic and international services domestic: microwave radio relay links and extensive fiber-optic network international: country code - 852; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); coaxial cable to Guangzhou, China; access to 5 international submarine cables providing connections to ASEAN member nations, Japan, Taiwan, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe
Hungary general assessment: the telephone system has been modernized and is capable of satisfying all requests for telecommunication service domestic: the system is digitalized and highly automated; trunk services are carried by fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay; a program for fiber-optic subscriber connections was initiated in 1996; heavy use is made of mobile cellular telephones international: country code - 36; Hungary has fiber-optic cable connections with all neighboring countries; the international switch is in Budapest; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean regions), 1 Inmarsat, 1 very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system of ground terminals
Iceland general assessment: extensive domestic service domestic: the trunk network consists of coaxial and fiber-optic cables and microwave radio relay links international: country code - 354; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Iceland shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden)
India general assessment: recent deregulation and liberalization of telecommunications laws and policies have prompted rapid change; local and long distance service provided throughout all regions of the country, with services primarily concentrated in the urban areas; steady improvement is taking place with the recent admission of private and private-public investors, but telephone density remains low at about seven for each 100 persons nationwide but only one per 100 persons in rural areas and a national waiting list of over 1.7 million; fastest growth is in cellular service with modest growth in fixed lines domestic: expansion of domestic service, although still weak in rural areas, resulted from increased competition and dramatic reductions in price led in large part by wireless service; mobile cellular service (both CDMA and GSM) introduced in 1994 and organized nationwide into four metropolitan cities and 19 telecom circles each with about three private service providers and one state-owned service provider; in recent years significant trunk capacity added in the form of fiber-optic cable and one of the world's largest domestic satellite systems, the Indian National Satellite system (INSAT), with five satellites supporting 33,000 very small aperture terminals (VSAT) international: country code - 91; satellite earth stations - 8 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region); nine gateway exchanges operating from Mumbai (Bombay), New Delhi, Kolkata (Calcutta), Chennai (Madras), Jalandhar, Kanpur, Gandhinagar, Hyderabad, and Ernakulam; 5 submarine cables, including Sea-Me-We-3 with landing sites at Cochin and Mumbai (Bombay), Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) with landing site at Mumbai (Bombay), South Africa - Far East (SAFE) with landing site at Cochin, i2icn linking to Singapore with landing sites at Mumbai (Bombay) and Chennai (Madras), and Tata Indicom linking Singapore and Chennai (Madras), provide a significant increase in the bandwidth available for both voice and data traffic (2004)
Indonesia general assessment: domestic service fair, international service good domestic: interisland microwave system and HF radio police net; domestic satellite communications system international: country code - 62; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean)
Iran general assessment: inadequate, but currently being modernized and expanded with the goal of not only improving the efficiency and increasing the volume of the urban service but also bringing telephone service to several thousand villages, not presently connected domestic: as a result of heavy investing in the telephone system since 1994, the number of long-distance channels in the microwave radio relay trunk has grown substantially; many villages have been brought into the net; the number of main lines in the urban systems has approximately doubled; thousands of mobile cellular subscribers are being served; moreover, the technical level of the system has been raised by the installation of thousands of digital switches international: country code - 98; HF radio and microwave radio relay to Turkey, Azerbaijan, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Syria, Kuwait, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan; submarine fiber-optic cable to UAE with access to Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG); Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line runs from Azerbaijan through the northern portion of Iran to Turkmenistan with expansion to Georgia and Azerbaijan; satellite earth stations - 9 Intelsat and 4 Inmarsat
Iraq general assessment: the 2003 war severely disrupted telecommunications throughout Iraq including international connections; USAID is overseeing the repair of switching capability and the construction of mobile and satellite communication facilities domestic: repairs to switches and lines destroyed during the 2003 war continue, but sabotage remains a problem; additional switching capacity is improving access; cellular service is available and centered on three regional GSM networks, improving country-wide connectivity international: country code - 964; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Arabsat (inoperative); coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Jordan, Kuwait, Syria, and Turkey; despite a new satellite gateway, international calls outside of Baghdad remain problematic
Ireland general assessment: modern digital system using cable and microwave radio relay domestic: microwave radio relay international: country code - 353; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Isle of Man general assessment: NA domestic: landline, telefax, mobile cellular telephone system international: fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, satellite earth station, submarine cable
Israel general assessment: most highly developed system in the Middle East although not the largest domestic: good system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; all systems are digital international: country code - 972; 3 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Italy general assessment: modern, well developed, fast; fully automated telephone, telex, and data services domestic: high-capacity cable and microwave radio relay trunks international: country code - 39; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (with a total of 5 antennas - 3 for Atlantic Ocean and 2 for Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and NA Eutelsat; 21 submarine cables
Jamaica general assessment: fully automatic domestic telephone network domestic: NA international: country code - 1-876; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); 3 coaxial submarine cables
Japan general assessment: excellent domestic and international service domestic: high level of modern technology and excellent service of every kind international: country code - 81; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (4 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region), and 1 Inmarsat (Pacific and Indian Ocean regions); submarine cables to China, Philippines, Russia, and US (via Guam) (1999)
Jersey general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: 3 submarine cables
Jordan general assessment: service has improved recently with increased use of digital switching equipment, but better access to the telephone system is needed in the rural areas and easier access to pay telephones is needed by the urban public domestic: microwave radio relay transmission and coaxial and fiber-optic cable are employed on trunk lines; considerable use of mobile cellular systems; Internet service is available international: country code - 962; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat, 1 Arabsat, and 29 land and maritime Inmarsat terminals; fiber-optic cable to Saudi Arabia and microwave radio relay link with Egypt and Syria; connection to international submarine cable FLAG (Fiber-Optic Link Around the Globe); participant in MEDARABTEL; international links total about 4,000
Kazakhstan general assessment: service is poor; equipment antiquated domestic: intercity by landline and microwave radio relay; mobile cellular systems are available in most of Kazakhstan international: country code - 7; international traffic with other former Soviet republics and China carried by landline and microwave radio relay and with other countries by satellite and by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat
Kenya general assessment: unreliable; little attempt to modernize except for service to business domestic: trunks are primarily microwave radio relay; business data commonly transferred by a very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system international: country code - 254; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat
Kiribati general assessment: generally good quality national and international service domestic: wire line service available on Tarawa and Kiritimati (Christmas Island); connections to outer islands by HF/VHF radiotelephone; wireless service available in Tarawa since 1999 international: country code - 686; Kiribati is being linked to the Pacific Ocean Cooperative Telecommunications Network, which should improve telephone service; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Korea, North general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 850; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Russian (Indian Ocean region); other international connections through Moscow and Beijing
Korea, South general assessment: excellent domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 82; 10 fiber-optic submarine cables - 1 Korea-Russia-Japan, 1 Korea-Japan-Hong Kong, 3 Korea-Japan-China, 1 Korea-Japan-China-Europe, 1 Korea-Japan-China-US-Taiwan, 1 Korea-Japan-China, 1 Korea-Japan-Hong Kong-Taiwan, 1 Korea-Japan; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 3 Inmarsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean)
Kuwait general assessment: the quality of service is excellent domestic: new telephone exchanges provide a large capacity for new subscribers; trunk traffic is carried by microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and open-wire and fiber-optic cable; a cellular telephone system operates throughout Kuwait, and the country is well supplied with pay telephones international: country code - 965; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia; linked to Bahrain, Qatar, UAE via the Fiber-Optic Gulf (FOG) cable; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean, 2 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 2 Arabsat
Kyrgyzstan general assessment: development of telecommunications infrastructure is slow; fixed line penetration remains low and concentrated in Bishkek domestic: two wireless telephony service providers, but penetration remains low international: country code - 996; connections with other CIS countries by landline or microwave radio relay and with other countries by leased connections with Moscow international gateway switch and by satellite; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik and 1 Intelsat; connected internationally by the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic line
Laos general assessment: service to general public is poor but improving; the government relies on a radiotelephone network to communicate with remote areas domestic: radiotelephone communications international: country code - 856; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Latvia general assessment: recent efforts focused on bringing competition to the telecommunications sector, beginning in 2003; the number of fixed lines is decreasing as wireless telephony expands domestic: two wireless service providers in addition to Lattelekom, the incumbent monopoly international: country code - 371; the Latvian network is now connected via fiber optic cable to Estonia, Finland, and Sweden
Lebanon general assessment: repair of the telecommunications system, severely damaged during the civil war, now complete domestic: two commercial wireless networks provide good service; political instability hampers privatization and deployment of new technologies international: country code - 961; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean) (erratic operations); coaxial cable to Syria; 3 submarine coaxial cables
Lesotho general assessment: rudimentary system domestic: consists of a modest but growing number of landlines, a small microwave radio relay system, and a minor radiotelephone communication system; a cellular mobile telephone system is growing international: country code - 266; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Liberia general assessment: the limited services available are found almost exclusively in the capital Monrovia domestic: fully automatic system with very low density of .23 fixed main lines per 100 persons; limited wireless service available international: country code - 231; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Libya general assessment: telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996 domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations international: country code - 218; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
Liechtenstein general assessment: automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 423; linked to Swiss networks by cable and microwave radio relay
Lithuania general assessment: inadequate, but is being modernized to provide an improved international capability and better residential access domestic: a national, fiber-optic cable, interurban, trunk system is nearing completion; rural exchanges are being improved and expanded; mobile cellular systems are being installed; access to the Internet is available; still many unsatisfied telephone subscriber applications international: country code - 370; landline connections to Latvia and Poland; major international connections to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway by submarine cable for further transmission by satellite
Luxembourg general assessment: highly developed, completely automated and efficient system, mainly buried cables domestic: nationwide cellular telephone system; buried cable international: country code - 352; 3 channels leased on TAT-6 coaxial submarine cable (Europe to North America)
Macau general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: country code - 853; HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Macedonia general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 389
Madagascar general assessment: system is above average for the region domestic: open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay, and tropospheric scatter links connect regions international: country code - 261; submarine cable to Bahrain; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region)
Malawi general assessment: NA domestic: system employs open-wire lines, microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations international: country code - 265; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Malaysia general assessment: modern system; international service excellent domestic: good intercity service provided on Peninsular Malaysia mainly by microwave radio relay; adequate intercity microwave radio relay network between Sabah and Sarawak via Brunei; domestic satellite system with 2 earth stations international: country code - 60; submarine cables to India, Hong Kong, and Singapore; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean) (2001)
Maldives general assessment: minimal domestic and international facilities domestic: interatoll communication through microwave links; all inhabited islands are connected with telephone and fax service international: country code - 960; satellite earth station - 3 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Mali general assessment: domestic system unreliable but improving; provides only minimal service domestic: network consists of microwave radio relay, open-wire, and radiotelephone communications stations; expansion of microwave radio relay in progress international: country code - 223; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Malta general assessment: automatic system satisfies normal requirements domestic: submarine cable and microwave radio relay between islands international: country code - 356; 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Marshall Islands general assessment: digital switching equipment; modern services include telex, cellular, internet, international calling, caller ID, and leased data circuits domestic: Majuro Atoll and Ebeye and Kwajalein islands have regular, seven-digit, direct-dial telephones; other islands interconnected by high frequency radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes) and mini-satellite telephones international: country code - 692; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); US Government satellite communications system on Kwajalein (2001)
Martinique general assessment: domestic facilities are adequate domestic: NA international: country code - 596; microwave radio relay to Guadeloupe, Dominica, and Saint Lucia; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Mauritania general assessment: limited system of cable and open-wire lines, minor microwave radio relay links, and radiotelephone communications stations (improvements being made) domestic: mostly cable and open-wire lines; a recently completed domestic satellite telecommunications system links Nouakchott with regional capitals international: country code - 222; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 2 Arabsat
Mauritius general assessment: small system with good service domestic: primarily microwave radio relay trunk system international: country code - 230; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); new microwave link to Reunion; HF radiotelephone links to several countries; fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Mayotte general assessment: small system administered by French Department of Posts and Telecommunications domestic: NA international: country code - 269; microwave radio relay and HF radiotelephone communications to Comoros
Mexico general assessment: low telephone density with about 18 main lines per 100 persons; privatized in December 1990; the opening to competition in January 1997 improved prospects for development, but Telmex remains dominant domestic: adequate telephone service for business and government, but the population is poorly served; mobile subscribers far outnumber fixed-line subscribers; domestic satellite system with 120 earth stations; extensive microwave radio relay network; considerable use of fiber-optic cable and coaxial cable international: country code - 52; satellite earth stations - 32 Intelsat, 2 Solidaridad (giving Mexico improved access to South America, Central America, and much of the US as well as enhancing domestic communications), 1 Panamsat, numerous Inmarsat mobile earth stations; linked to Central American Microwave System of trunk connections; high capacity Columbus-2 fiber-optic submarine cable with access to the US, Virgin Islands, Canary Islands, Morocco, Spain, and Italy (2005)
Micronesia, Federated States of general assessment: adequate system domestic: islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes), satellite (Intelsat) ground stations, and some coaxial and fiber-optic cable; cellular service available on Kosrae, Pohnpei, and Yap international: country code - 691; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2002)
Moldova general assessment: inadequate, outmoded, poor service outside Chisinau; some modernization is under way domestic: new subscribers face long wait for service; mobile cellular telephone service being introduced international: country code - 373; service through Romania and Russia via landline; satellite earth stations - Intelsat, Eutelsat, and Intersputnik
Monaco general assessment: modern automatic telephone system domestic: NA international: country code - 377; no satellite earth stations; connected by cable into the French communications system
Mongolia general assessment: network is improving with international direct dialing available in many areas domestic: very low density of about 5.5 main lines per 100 persons; two wireless providers cover all but two provinces international: country code - 976; satellite earth station - 1 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean Region)
Montenegro general assessment: modern telecommunications system with access to European satellites domestic: GSM wireless service, available through two providers with national coverage, is growing rapidly international: country code - 382 (the old code of 381 used by Serbia and Montenegro will also remain in use until Feb 2007); two international switches connect the national system
Montserrat general assessment: modern and fully digitalized domestic: NA international: country code - 1-664
Morocco general assessment: modern system with all important capabilities; however, density is low with only 4 main lines available for each 100 persons domestic: good system composed of open-wire lines, cables, and microwave radio relay links; Internet available but expensive; principal switching centers are Casablanca and Rabat; national network nearly 100% digital using fiber-optic links; improved rural service employs microwave radio relay international: country code - 212; 7 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Gibraltar, Spain, and Western Sahara; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria; participant in Medarabtel; fiber-optic cable link from Agadir to Algeria and Tunisia (1998)
Mozambique general assessment: fair system but not available generally (extremely low density with less than 1 main line per 100 persons) domestic: the system consists of open-wire lines and trunk connection by microwave radio relay and tropospheric scatter international: country code - 258; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean)
Namibia general assessment: good system; about 6 telephones for each 100 persons domestic: good urban services; fair rural service; microwave radio relay links major towns; connections to other populated places are by open wire; 100% digital international: country code - 264; fiber-optic cable to South Africa, microwave radio relay link to Botswana, direct links to other neighboring countries; connected to Africa ONE and South African Far East (SAFE) submarine cables through South Africa; satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat (2002)
Nauru general assessment: adequate local and international radiotelephone communication provided via Australian facilities domestic: NA international: country code - 674; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Nepal general assessment: poor telephone and telegraph service; fair radiotelephone communication service and mobile cellular telephone network domestic: NA international: country code - 977; radiotelephone communications; microwave landline to India; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Netherlands general assessment: highly developed and well maintained domestic: extensive fixed-line fiber-optic network; cellular telephone system is one of the largest in Europe with five major network operators utilizing the third generation of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) international: country code - 31; 9 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions) (2004)
Netherlands Antilles general assessment: generally adequate facilities domestic: extensive interisland microwave radio relay links international: country code - 599; submarine cables - 2; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
New Caledonia general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 687; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
New Zealand general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems domestic: NA international: country code - 64; submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; 8 satellite earth stations - 1 InMarSat (Pacific Ocean), 7 other
Nicaragua general assessment: inadequate system being upgraded by foreign investment domestic: low-capacity microwave radio relay and wire system being expanded; connected to Central American Microwave System international: country code - 505; satellite earth stations - 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region) and 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Niger general assessment: small system of wire, radio telephone communications, and microwave radio relay links concentrated in the southwestern area of Niger domestic: wire, radiotelephone communications, and microwave radio relay; domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations and 1 planned international: country code - 227; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean)
Nigeria general assessment: expansion and modernization of the fixed-line telephone network has been slow due to faltering efforts at privatization domestic: the addition of a second fixed-line provider in 2002 resulted in faster growth in this service; wireless telephony has grown rapidly, in part responding to the shortcomings of the fixed-line network; four wireless (GSM) service providers operate nationally; the combined growth resulted in a sharp increase in teledensity reported to be over 18% in March 2006 international: country code - 234; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Niue domestic: single-line telephone system connects all villages on island international: country code - 683
Norfolk Island general assessment: adequate domestic: free local calls international: country code - 672; undersea coaxial cable links with Australia, New Zealand, and Canada; satellite earth station
Northern Mariana Islands general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 1-670; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Norway general assessment: modern in all respects; one of the most advanced telecommunications networks in Europe domestic: Norway has a domestic satellite system; moreover, the prevalence of rural areas encourages the wide use of cellular mobile systems instead of fixed-wire systems international: country code - 47; 2 buried coaxial cable systems; 4 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - NA Eutelsat, NA Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Norway shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Sweden) (1999)
Oman general assessment: modern system consisting of open-wire, microwave, and radiotelephone communication stations; limited coaxial cable domestic: open-wire, microwave, radiotelephone communications, and a domestic satellite system with 8 earth stations international: country code - 968; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Pakistan general assessment: the domestic system is mediocre, but improving; service is adequate for government and business use, in part because major businesses have established their own private systems; since 1988, the government has promoted investment in the national telecommunications system on a priority basis, significantly increasing network capacity; despite major improvements in trunk and urban systems, telecommunication services are still not readily available to the majority of the rural population domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, cellular, and satellite networks international: country code - 92; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean); 3 operational international gateway exchanges (1 at Karachi and 2 at Islamabad); microwave radio relay to neighboring countries (1999)
Palau general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 680; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Panama general assessment: domestic and international facilities well developed domestic: NA international: country code - 507; 1 coaxial submarine cable; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to the Central American Microwave System
Papua New Guinea general assessment: services are adequate; facilities provide radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio, and international radio communication services domestic: mostly radiotelephone international: country code - 675; submarine cables to Australia and Guam; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean); international radio communication service
Paraguay general assessment: meager telephone service; principal switching center is in Asuncion domestic: fair microwave radio relay network international: country code - 595; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Peru general assessment: adequate for most requirements domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations international: country code - 51; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); Pan American submarine cable
Philippines general assessment: good international radiotelephone and submarine cable services; domestic and inter-island service adequate domestic: domestic satellite system with 11 earth stations international: country code - 63; 9 international gateways; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Pacific Ocean); submarine cables to Hong Kong, Guam, Singapore, Taiwan, and Japan
Pitcairn Islands general assessment: satellite phone services domestic: domestic communication via radio (CB) international: country code - 872; satellite earth station (Inmarsat)
Poland general assessment: modernization of the telecommunications network has accelerated with market based competition finalized in 2003; fixed-line service, dominated by the former state-owned company, is dwarfed by the growth in wireless telephony domestic: wireless service, available since 1993 (GSM service available since 1996) and provided by three nation-wide networks, has grown rapidly in response to the weak fixed-line coverage; third generation UMTS service available in urban areas; cellular coverage is generally good with more gaps in the east; fixed-line service is growing slowly and still lags in rural areas international: country code - 48; international direct dialing with automated exchanges; satellite earth station - 1 (Intelsat, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik)
Portugal general assessment: Portugal's telephone system has achieved a state-of-the-art network with broadband, high-speed capabilities domestic: integrated network of coaxial cables, open-wire, microwave radio relay, and domestic satellite earth stations international: country code - 351; 6 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to Azores; note - an earth station for Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region) is planned
Puerto Rico general assessment: modern system integrated with that of the US by high-capacity submarine cable and Intelsat with high-speed data capability domestic: digital telephone system; cellular telephone service international: country code - 1-787, 939; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat; submarine cable to US
Qatar general assessment: modern system centered in Doha domestic: NA international: country code - 974; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Reunion general assessment: adequate system; principal center is Saint-Denis domestic: modern open-wire and microwave radio relay network international: country code - 262; radiotelephone communication to Comoros, France, Madagascar; new microwave route to Mauritius; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean); fiber optic submarine cable (SAT-3/WASC/SAFE) provides connectivity to Europe and Asia
Romania general assessment: rapidly improving domestic and international service, especially in wireless telephony domestic: 90% of telephone network is automatic; liberalization in 2003 is transforming telecommunications; there has been 20% growth in fixed lines with a penetration rate of 58% of households; nation-wide wireless service is growing even faster with four major providers and a penetration rate of 32% international: country code - 40; satellite earth station - 10 (Intelsat 4); digital, international, direct-dial exchanges operate in Bucharest (2005)
Russia general assessment: the telephone system underwent significant changes in the 1990s; there are more than 1,000 companies licensed to offer communication services; access to digital lines has improved, particularly in urban centers; Internet and e-mail services are improving; Russia has made progress toward building the telecommunications infrastructure necessary for a market economy; however, a large demand for main line service remains unsatisfied domestic: cross-country digital trunk lines run from Saint Petersburg to Khabarovsk, and from Moscow to Novorossiysk; the telephone systems in 60 regional capitals have modern digital infrastructures; cellular services, both analog and digital, are available in many areas; in rural areas, the telephone services are still outdated, inadequate, and low density international: country code - 7; Russia is connected internationally by three undersea fiber-optic cables; digital switches in several cities provide more than 50,000 lines for international calls; satellite earth stations provide access to Intelsat, Intersputnik, Eutelsat, Inmarsat, and Orbita systems
Rwanda general assessment: telephone system primarily serves business and government domestic: the capital, Kigali, is connected to the centers of the provinces by microwave radio relay and, recently, by cellular telephone service; much of the network depends on wire and HF radiotelephone international: country code - 250; international connections employ microwave radio relay to neighboring countries and satellite communications to more distant countries; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) in Kigali (includes telex and telefax service)
Saint Helena general assessment: can communicate worldwide domestic: automatic digital network international: country code - 290; international direct dialing; satellite voice and data communications; satellite earth stations - 5 (Ascension Island - 4, Saint Helena - 1)
Saint Kitts and Nevis general assessment: good inter-island and international connections domestic: inter-island links via Eastern Caribbean Fiber Optic cable; construction of enhanced wireless infrastructure launched in November 2004 international: country code - 1-869; international calls are carried by submarine cable or Intelsat
Saint Lucia general assessment: adequate system domestic: system is automatically switched international: country code - 1-758; direct microwave radio relay link with Martinique and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines; tropospheric scatter to Barbados; international calls beyond these countries are carried by Intelsat from Martinique
Saint Pierre and Miquelon general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: country code - 508; radiotelephone communication with most countries in the world; 1 earth station in French domestic satellite system
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines general assessment: adequate system domestic: islandwide, fully automatic telephone system; VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to the other islands of the Grenadines international: country code - 1-784; VHF/UHF radiotelephone from Saint Vincent to Barbados; new SHF radiotelephone to Grenada and to Saint Lucia; access to Intelsat earth station in Martinique through Saint Lucia
Samoa general assessment: adequate domestic: NA international: country code - 685; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
San Marino general assessment: adequate connections domestic: automatic telephone system completely integrated into Italian system international: country code - 378; connected to Italian international network
Sao Tome and Principe general assessment: adequate facilities domestic: minimal system international: country code - 239; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Saudi Arabia general assessment: modern system domestic: extensive microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable systems international: country code - 966; microwave radio relay to Bahrain, Jordan, Kuwait, Qatar, UAE, Yemen, and Sudan; coaxial cable to Kuwait and Jordan; submarine cable to Djibouti, Egypt and Bahrain; satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (3 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Indian Ocean region)
Senegal general assessment: good system domestic: above-average urban system; microwave radio relay, coaxial cable and fiber-optic cable in trunk system international: country code - 221; 4 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Serbia general assessment: modernization of the telecommunications network has been slow as a result of damage stemming from the 1999 war and transition to a competitive market-based system; network was only 65% digitalized in 2005 domestic: teledensity remains below the average for neighboring states; GSM wireless service, available through two providers with national coverage, is growing very rapidly; best telecommunications service limited to urban centers international: country code - 381
Seychelles general assessment: effective system domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands in the archipelago international: country code - 248; direct radiotelephone communications with adjacent island countries and African coastal countries; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Sierra Leone general assessment: marginal telephone and telegraph service domestic: the national microwave radio relay trunk system connects Freetown to Bo and Kenema international: country code - 232; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Singapore general assessment: excellent service domestic: excellent domestic facilities; launched 3G wireless service in February 2005 international: country code - 65; 9 submarine cables provide direct connection to more than 100 countries; 4 satellite earth stations, supplemented by VSAT coverage
Slovakia general assessment: a modernization and privatization program is increasing accessibility to telephone service, reducing the waiting time for new subscribers, and generally improving service quality domestic: predominantly an analog system that is now receiving digital equipment and is being enlarged with fiber-optic cable, especially in the larger cities; mobile cellular capability has been added international: country code - 421; three international exchanges (one in Bratislava and two in Banska Bystrica) are available; Slovakia is participating in several international telecommunications projects that will increase the availability of external services
Slovenia general assessment: NA domestic: 100% digital (2000) international: country code - 386
Solomon Islands general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 677; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Somalia general assessment: the public telecommunications system was almost completely destroyed or dismantled by the civil war factions; private wireless companies offer service in most major cities and charge the lowest international rates on the continent domestic: local cellular telephone systems have been established in Mogadishu and in several other population centers international: country code - 252; international connections are available from Mogadishu by satellite
South Africa general assessment: the system is the best developed and most modern in Africa domestic: consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, microwave radio relay links, fiber-optic cable, radiotelephone communication stations, and wireless local loops; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria international: country code - 27; 2 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 2 Atlantic Ocean)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken
Spain general assessment: generally adequate, modern facilities; teledensity is 45 main lines for each 100 persons domestic: NA international: country code - 34; 22 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean), NA Eutelsat; tropospheric scatter to adjacent countries
Sri Lanka general assessment: very inadequate domestic service, particularly in rural areas; likely improvement with privatization of national telephone company and encouragement to private investment; good international service (1999) domestic: national trunk network consists mostly of digital microwave radio relay; fiber-optic links now in use in Colombo area and two fixed wireless local loops have been installed; competition is strong in mobile cellular systems; telephone density remains low (1999) international: country code - 94; submarine cables to Indonesia and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (1999)
Sudan general assessment: large, well-equipped system by regional standards and being upgraded; cellular communications started in 1996 and have expanded substantially domestic: consists of microwave radio relay, cable, radiotelephone communications, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations international: country code - 249; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat (2000)
Suriname general assessment: international facilities are good domestic: microwave radio relay network international: country code - 597; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Svalbard general assessment: probably adequate domestic: local telephone service international: country code - 47-790; satellite earth station - 1 of unknown type (for communication with Norwegian mainland only)
Swaziland general assessment: a somewhat modern but not an advanced system domestic: system consists of carrier-equipped, open-wire lines and low-capacity, microwave radio relay international: country code - 268; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Sweden general assessment: excellent domestic and international facilities; automatic system domestic: coaxial and multiconductor cables carry most of the voice traffic; parallel microwave radio relay systems carry some additional telephone channels international: country code - 46; 5 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean), 1 Eutelsat, and 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions); note - Sweden shares the Inmarsat earth station with the other Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, and Norway)
Switzerland general assessment: excellent domestic and international services domestic: extensive cable and microwave radio relay networks international: country code - 41; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean)
Syria general assessment: fair system currently undergoing significant improvement and digital upgrades, including fiber-optic technology domestic: coaxial cable and microwave radio relay network international: country code - 963; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) and 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region); 1 submarine cable; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey; participant in Medarabtel
Taiwan general assessment: provides telecommunications service for every business and private need domestic: thoroughly modern; completely digitalized international: country code - 886; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Pacific Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean); submarine cables to Japan (Okinawa), Philippines, Guam, Singapore, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Australia, Middle East, and Western Europe (1999)
Tajikistan general assessment: poorly developed and not well maintained; many towns are not linked to the national network domestic: cable and microwave radio relay international: country code - 992; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; Dushanbe linked by Intelsat to international gateway switch in Ankara (Turkey); satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 2 Intelsat
Tanzania general assessment: fair system operating below capacity and being modernized for better service; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) system under construction domestic: trunk service provided by open-wire, microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and fiber-optic cable; some links being made digital international: country code - 255; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Thailand general assessment: high quality system, especially in urban areas like Bangkok; WTO requirement for privatization of telecom sector is planned to be complete by 2006 domestic: fixed line system provided by both a government owned and commercial provider; wireless service expanding rapidly and outpacing fixed lines international: country code - 66; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); landing country for APCN submarine cable
Togo general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system international: country code - 228; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie
Tokelau general assessment: modern satellite-based communications system; domestic: radiotelephone service between islands international: country code - 690; radiotelephone service to Samoa; government-regulated telephone service (TeleTok), with 3 satellite earth stations
Tonga general assessment: competition between Tonga Telecommunications Corporation (TCC) and Shoreline Communications Tonga (SCT) is accelerating expansion of telecommunications; SCT recently granted authority to develop high-speed digital service for telephone, Internet, and television domestic: fully automatic switched network international: country code - 676; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2004)
Trinidad and Tobago general assessment: excellent international service; good local service domestic: NA international: country code - 1-868; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); tropospheric scatter to Barbados and Guyana
Tunisia general assessment: above the African average and continuing to be upgraded; key centers are Sfax, Sousse, Bizerte, and Tunis; Internet access available domestic: trunk facilities consist of open-wire lines, coaxial cable, and microwave radio relay international: country code - 216; 5 submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; coaxial cable and microwave radio relay to Algeria and Libya; participant in Medarabtel; two international gateway digital switches
Turkey general assessment: undergoing rapid modernization and expansion, especially with cellular telephones domestic: additional digital exchanges are permitting a rapid increase in subscribers; the construction of a network of technologically advanced intercity trunk lines, using both fiber-optic cable and digital microwave radio relay is facilitating communication between urban centers; remote areas are reached by a domestic satellite system; the number of subscribers to mobile cellular telephone service is growing rapidly international: country code - 90; international service is provided by three submarine fiber-optic cables in the Mediterranean and Black Seas, linking Turkey with Italy, Greece, Israel, Bulgaria, Romania, and Russia; also by 12 Intelsat earth stations, and by 328 mobile satellite terminals in the Inmarsat and Eutelsat systems (2002)
Turkmenistan general assessment: poorly developed domestic: NA international: country code - 993; linked by cable and microwave radio relay to other CIS republics and to other countries by leased connections to the Moscow international gateway switch; a new telephone link from Ashgabat to Iran has been established; a new exchange in Ashgabat switches international traffic through Turkey via Intelsat; satellite earth stations - 1 Orbita and 1 Intelsat
Turks and Caicos Islands general assessment: fully digital system with international direct dialing domestic: full range of services available; GSM wireless service available international: country code - 1-649; 2 submarine cables; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Tuvalu general assessment: serves particular needs for internal communications domestic: radiotelephone communications between islands international: country code - 688; international calls can be made by satellite
Uganda general assessment: seriously inadequate; two cellular systems have been introduced, but a sharp increase in the number of main lines is essential; e-mail and Internet services are available domestic: intercity traffic by wire, microwave radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed and mobile cellular systems for short-range traffic international: country code - 256; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Inmarsat; analog links to Kenya and Tanzania
Ukraine general assessment: Ukraine's telecommunication development plan, running through 2005, emphasizes improving domestic trunk lines, international connections, and the mobile cellular system domestic: at independence in December 1991, Ukraine inherited a telephone system that was antiquated, inefficient, and in disrepair; more than 3.5 million applications for telephones could not be satisfied; telephone density is rising slowly and the domestic trunk system is being improved; the mobile cellular telephone system is expanding at a high rate international: country code - 380; two new domestic trunk lines are a part of the fiber-optic Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) system and three Ukrainian links have been installed in the fiber-optic Trans-European Lines (TEL) project that connects 18 countries; additional international service is provided by the Italy-Turkey-Ukraine-Russia (ITUR) fiber-optic submarine cable and by earth stations in the Intelsat, Inmarsat, and Intersputnik satellite systems
United Arab Emirates general assessment: modern fiber-optic integrated services; digital network with rapidly growing use of mobile cellular telephones; key centers are Abu Dhabi and Dubai domestic: microwave radio relay, fiber optic and coaxial cable international: country code - 971; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 2 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat; submarine cables to Qatar, Bahrain, India, and Pakistan; tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia
United Kingdom general assessment: technologically advanced domestic and international system domestic: equal mix of buried cables, microwave radio relay, and fiber-optic systems international: country code - 44; 40 coaxial submarine cables; satellite earth stations - 10 Intelsat (7 Atlantic Ocean and 3 Indian Ocean), 1 Inmarsat (Atlantic Ocean region), and 1 Eutelsat; at least 8 large international switching centers
United States general assessment: a large, technologically advanced, multipurpose communications system domestic: a large system of fiber-optic cable, microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, and domestic satellites carries every form of telephone traffic; a rapidly growing cellular system carries mobile telephone traffic throughout the country international: country code - 1; 24 ocean cable systems in use; satellite earth stations - 61 Intelsat (45 Atlantic Ocean and 16 Pacific Ocean), 5 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 4 Inmarsat (Pacific and Atlantic Ocean regions) (2000)
Uruguay general assessment: fully digitalized domestic: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide microwave radio relay network international: country code - 598; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) (2002)
Uzbekistan general assessment: antiquated and inadequate; in serious need of modernization domestic: the domestic telephone system is being expanded and technologically improved, particularly in Tashkent (Toshkent) and Samarqand, under contracts with prominent companies in industrialized countries; moreover, by 1998, six cellular networks had been placed in operation - four of the GSM type (Global System for Mobile Communication), one D-AMPS type (Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System), and one AMPS type (Advanced Mobile Phone System) international: country code - 998; linked by landline or microwave radio relay with CIS member states and to other countries by leased connection via the Moscow international gateway switch; after the completion of the Uzbek link to the Trans-Asia-Europe (TAE) fiber-optic cable, Uzbekistan will be independent of Russian facilities for international communications; Inmarsat also provides an international connection, albeit an expensive one; satellite earth stations - NA (1998)
Vanuatu general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 678; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Venezuela general assessment: modern and expanding domestic: domestic satellite system with 3 earth stations; recent substantial improvement in telephone service in rural areas; substantial increase in digitalization of exchanges and trunk lines; installation of a national interurban fiber-optic network capable of digital multimedia services international: country code - 58; 3 submarine coaxial cables; satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 PanAmSat; participating with Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia in the construction of an international fiber-optic network
Vietnam general assessment: Vietnam is putting considerable effort into modernization and expansion of its telecommunication system, but its performance continues to lag behind that of its more modern neighbors domestic: all provincial exchanges are digitalized and connected to Hanoi, Da Nang, and Ho Chi Minh City by fiber-optic cable or microwave radio relay networks; main lines have been substantially increased, and the use of mobile telephones is growing rapidly international: country code - 84; satellite earth stations - 2 Intersputnik (Indian Ocean region)
Virgin Islands general assessment: modern system with total digital switching, uses fiber-optic cable and microwave radio relay domestic: full range of services available international: country code - 1-340; 2 submarine cable connections (Taino Carib, Americas-1); satellite earth stations - NA
Wake Island general assessment: satellite communications; 1 DSN circuit off the Overseas Telephone System (OTS) domestic: NA international: NA
Wallis and Futuna general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: country code - 681
West Bank general assessment: NA domestic: Israeli company BEZEK and the Palestinian company PALTEL are responsible for fixed line services in the Gaza Strip; the Palestinian JAWAL company provides cellular services international: country code - 970
Western Sahara general assessment: sparse and limited system domestic: NA international: country code - 212; tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco
World general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: NA
Yemen general assessment: since unification in 1990, efforts have been made to create a national telecommunications network domestic: the national network consists of microwave radio relay, cable, tropospheric scatter, and GSM cellular mobile telephone systems international: country code - 967; satellite earth stations - 3 Intelsat (2 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean), 1 Intersputnik (Atlantic Ocean region), and 2 Arabsat; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and Djibouti
Zambia general assessment: facilities are aging but still among the best in Sub-Saharan Africa domestic: high-capacity microwave radio relay connects most larger towns and cities; several cellular telephone services in operation; Internet service is widely available; very small aperture terminal (VSAT) networks are operated by private firms international: country code - 260; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Atlantic Ocean)
Zimbabwe general assessment: system was once one of the best in Africa, but now suffers from poor maintenance; more than 100,000 outstanding requests for connection despite an equally large number of installed but unused main lines domestic: consists of microwave radio relay links, open-wire lines, radiotelephone communication stations, fixed wireless local loop installations, and a substantial mobile cellular network; Internet connection is available in Harare and planned for all major towns and for some of the smaller ones international: country code - 263; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat; two international digital gateway exchanges (in Harare and Gweru)
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2125 Terrain
Afghanistan mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest
Albania mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast
Algeria mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
American Samoa five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island)
Andorra rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
Angola narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
Anguilla flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone
Antarctica about 98% thick continental ice sheet and 2% barren rock, with average elevations between 2,000 and 4,000 meters; mountain ranges up to nearly 5,000 meters; ice-free coastal areas include parts of southern Victoria Land, Wilkes Land, the Antarctic Peninsula area, and parts of Ross Island on McMurdo Sound; glaciers form ice shelves along about half of the coastline, and floating ice shelves constitute 11% of the area of the continent
Antigua and Barbuda mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas
Arctic Ocean central surface covered by a perennial drifting polar icepack that, on average, is about 3 meters thick, although pressure ridges may be three times that thickness; clockwise drift pattern in the Beaufort Gyral Stream, but nearly straight-line movement from the New Siberian Islands (Russia) to Denmark Strait (between Greenland and Iceland); the icepack is surrounded by open seas during the summer, but more than doubles in size during the winter and extends to the encircling landmasses; the ocean floor is about 50% continental shelf (highest percentage of any ocean) with the remainder a central basin interrupted by three submarine ridges (Alpha Cordillera, Nansen Cordillera, and Lomonosov Ridge)
Argentina rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border
Armenia Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley
Aruba flat with a few hills; scant vegetation
Ashmore and Cartier Islands low with sand and coral
Atlantic Ocean surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait, and coastal portions of the Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm-water gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the northern Atlantic, counterclockwise warm-water gyre in the southern Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire Atlantic basin
Australia mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast
Austria in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping
Azerbaijan large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea
Bahamas, The long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills
Bahrain mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment
Baker Island low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
Bangladesh mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast
Barbados relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region
Bassas da India volcanic rock
Belarus generally flat and contains much marshland
Belgium flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast
Belize flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south
Benin mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains
Bermuda low hills separated by fertile depressions
Bhutan mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna
Bolivia rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin
Bosnia and Herzegovina mountains and valleys
Botswana predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest
Bouvet Island volcanic; coast is mostly inaccessible
Brazil mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt
British Indian Ocean Territory flat and low (most areas do not exceed two meters in elevation)
British Virgin Islands coral islands relatively flat; volcanic islands steep, hilly
Brunei flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Bulgaria mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast
Burkina Faso mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast
Burma central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands
Burundi hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains
Cambodia mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
Cameroon diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north
Canada mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast
Cape Verde steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic
Cayman Islands low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs
Central African Republic vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest
Chad broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
Chile low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east
China mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east
Christmas Island steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
Clipperton Island coral atoll
Cocos (Keeling) Islands flat, low-lying coral atolls
Colombia flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains
Comoros volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills
Congo, Democratic Republic of the vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east
Congo, Republic of the coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin
Cook Islands low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south
Coral Sea Islands sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays)
Costa Rica coastal plains separated by rugged mountains including over 100 volcanic cones, of which several are major volcanoes
Cote d'Ivoire mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest
Croatia geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
Cuba mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast
Cyprus central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast
Czech Republic Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country
Denmark low and flat to gently rolling plains
Djibouti coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
Dominica rugged mountains of volcanic origin
Dominican Republic rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed
East Timor mountainous
Ecuador coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)
Egypt vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta
El Salvador mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau
Equatorial Guinea coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic
Eritrea dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains
Estonia marshy, lowlands; flat in the north, hilly in the south
Ethiopia high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley
Europa Island low and flat
European Union fairly flat along the Baltic and Atlantic coast; mountainous in the central and southern areas
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Faroe Islands rugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most of coast
Fiji mostly mountains of volcanic origin
Finland mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
France mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east
French Guiana low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains
French Polynesia mixture of rugged high islands and low islands with reefs
French Southern and Antarctic Lands volcanic
Gabon narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south
Gambia, The flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills
Gaza Strip flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain
Georgia largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland
Germany lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
Ghana mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area
Gibraltar a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
Glorioso Islands low and flat
Greece mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
Greenland flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast
Grenada volcanic in origin with central mountains
Guadeloupe Basse-Terre is volcanic in origin with interior mountains; Grande-Terre is low limestone formation; most of the seven other islands are volcanic in origin
Guam volcanic origin, surrounded by coral reefs; relatively flat coralline limestone plateau (source of most fresh water), with steep coastal cliffs and narrow coastal plains in north, low hills in center, mountains in south
Guatemala mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau
Guernsey mostly level with low hills in southwest
Guinea generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior
Guinea-Bissau mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east
Guyana mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south
Haiti mostly rough and mountainous
Heard Island and McDonald Islands Heard Island - 80% ice-covered, bleak and mountainous, dominated by a large massif (Big Ben) and an active volcano (Mawson Peak); McDonald Islands - small and rocky
Holy See (Vatican City) urban; low hill
Honduras mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains
Hong Kong hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north
Howland Island low-lying, nearly level, sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef; depressed central area
Hungary mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border
Iceland mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords
Iles Eparses Bassas da India: atoll, awash at high tide; shallow (15 m) lagoon Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island: low, flat, and sandy Tromelin Island: low, flat, sandy; likely volcanic seamount
India upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north
Indian Ocean surface dominated by counterclockwise gyre (broad, circular system of currents) in the southern Indian Ocean; unique reversal of surface currents in the northern Indian Ocean; low atmospheric pressure over southwest Asia from hot, rising, summer air results in the southwest monsoon and southwest-to-northeast winds and currents, while high pressure over northern Asia from cold, falling, winter air results in the northeast monsoon and northeast-to-southwest winds and currents; ocean floor is dominated by the Mid-Indian Ocean Ridge and subdivided by the Southeast Indian Ocean Ridge, Southwest Indian Ocean Ridge, and Ninetyeast Ridge
Indonesia mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
Iran rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
Iraq mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey
Ireland mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast
Isle of Man hills in north and south bisected by central valley
Israel Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley
Italy mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands
Jamaica mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
Jan Mayen volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers
Japan mostly rugged and mountainous
Jarvis Island sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
Jersey gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast
Johnston Atoll mostly flat
Jordan mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of the Jordan River
Juan de Nova Island low and flat
Kazakhstan extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oases and desert in Central Asia
Kenya low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west
Kingman Reef low and nearly level
Kiribati mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs
Korea, North mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east
Korea, South mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south
Kuwait flat to slightly undulating desert plain
Kyrgyzstan peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation
Laos mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus
Latvia low plain
Lebanon narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Lesotho mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains
Liberia mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast
Libya mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
Liechtenstein mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third
Lithuania lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil
Luxembourg mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast
Macau generally flat
Macedonia mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
Madagascar narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center
Malawi narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains
Malaysia coastal plains rising to hills and mountains
Maldives flat, with white sandy beaches
Mali mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
Malta mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs
Marshall Islands low coral limestone and sand islands
Martinique mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano
Mauritania mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills
Mauritius small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
Mayotte generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks
Mexico high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert
Micronesia, Federated States of islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk
Midway Islands low, nearly level
Moldova rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
Monaco hilly, rugged, rocky
Mongolia vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
Montenegro highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus
Montserrat volcanic island, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland
Morocco northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains
Mozambique mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in northwest, mountains in west
Namibia mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in east
Nauru sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
Navassa Island raised coral and limestone plateau, flat to undulating; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 m high)
Nepal Tarai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north
Netherlands mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast
Netherlands Antilles generally hilly, volcanic interiors
New Caledonia coastal plains with interior mountains
New Zealand predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains
Nicaragua extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior mountains; narrow Pacific coastal plain interrupted by volcanoes
Niger predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
Nigeria southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north
Niue steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
Norfolk Island volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
Northern Mariana Islands southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic
Norway glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north
Oman central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south
Pacific Ocean surface currents in the northern Pacific are dominated by a clockwise, warm-water gyre (broad circular system of currents) and in the southern Pacific by a counterclockwise, cool-water gyre; in the northern Pacific, sea ice forms in the Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk in winter; in the southern Pacific, sea ice from Antarctica reaches its northernmost extent in October; the ocean floor in the eastern Pacific is dominated by the East Pacific Rise, while the western Pacific is dissected by deep trenches, including the Mariana Trench, which is the world's deepest
Pakistan flat Indus plain in east; mountains in north and northwest; Balochistan plateau in west
Palau varying geologically from the high, mountainous main island of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier reefs
Palmyra Atoll very low
Panama interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills
Papua New Guinea mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills
Paracel Islands mostly low and flat
Paraguay grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere
Peru western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)
Philippines mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
Pitcairn Islands rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffs
Poland mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border
Portugal mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south
Puerto Rico mostly mountains with coastal plain belt in north; mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas
Qatar mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
Reunion mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
Romania central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
Russia broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions
Rwanda mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east
Saint Helena the islands of this group result from volcanic activity associated with the Atlantic Mid-Ocean Ridge Saint Helena: rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains Ascension: surface covered by lava flows and cinder cones of 44 dormant volcanoes; ground rises to the east Tristan da Cunha: sheer cliffs line the coastline of the nearly circular island; the flanks of the central volcanic peak are deeply dissected; narrow coastal plain lies between The Peak and the coastal cliffs
Saint Kitts and Nevis volcanic with mountainous interiors
Saint Lucia volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys
Saint Pierre and Miquelon mostly barren rock
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines volcanic, mountainous
Samoa two main islands (Savaii, Upolu) and several smaller islands and uninhabited islets; narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior
San Marino rugged mountains
Sao Tome and Principe volcanic, mountainous
Saudi Arabia mostly uninhabited, sandy desert
Senegal generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
Serbia extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills
Seychelles Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs
Sierra Leone coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east
Singapore lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve
Slovakia rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south
Slovenia a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east
Solomon Islands mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls
Somalia mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north
South Africa vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes
Southern Ocean the Southern Ocean is deep, 4,000 to 5,000 meters over most of its extent with only limited areas of shallow water; the Antarctic continental shelf is generally narrow and unusually deep, its edge lying at depths of 400 to 800 meters (the global mean is 133 meters); the Antarctic icepack grows from an average minimum of 2.6 million square kilometers in March to about 18.8 million square kilometers in September, better than a sixfold increase in area; the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (21,000 km in length) moves perpetually eastward; it is the world's largest ocean current, transporting 130 million cubic meters of water per second - 100 times the flow of all the world's rivers
Spain large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north
Spratly Islands flat
Sri Lanka mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in south-central interior
Sudan generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in far south, northeast and west; desert dominates the north
Suriname mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps
Svalbard wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
Swaziland mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains
Sweden mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Switzerland mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes
Syria primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west
Taiwan eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west
Tajikistan Pamir and Alay Mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
Tanzania plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
Thailand central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere
Togo gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Tokelau low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
Tonga most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
Trinidad and Tobago mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Tromelin Island low, flat, and sandy; likely volcanic
Tunisia mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
Turkey high central plateau (Anatolia); narrow coastal plain; several mountain ranges
Turkmenistan flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west
Turks and Caicos Islands low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps
Tuvalu very low-lying and narrow coral atolls
Uganda mostly plateau with rim of mountains
Ukraine most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south
United Arab Emirates flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east
United Kingdom mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast
United States vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges low and nearly level sandy coral islands with narrow fringing reefs that have developed at the top of submerged volcanic mountains, which in most cases rise steeply from the ocean floor
Uruguay mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
Uzbekistan mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west
Vanuatu mostly mountainous islands of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains
Venezuela Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast
Vietnam low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest
Virgin Islands mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little level land
Wake Island atoll of three low coral islands, Peale, Wake, and Wilkes, built up on an underwater volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim
Wallis and Futuna volcanic origin; low hills
West Bank mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west, but barren in east
Western Sahara mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast
World the greatest ocean depth is the Mariana Trench at 10,924 m in the Pacific Ocean
Yemen narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula
Zambia mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
Zimbabwe mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2127 Total fertility rate (children born/woman)
Afghanistan 6.69 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Albania 2.03 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Algeria 1.89 children born/woman (2006 est.)
American Samoa 3.16 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Andorra 1.3 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Angola 6.35 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Anguilla 1.73 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Antigua and Barbuda 2.24 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Argentina 2.16 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Armenia 1.33 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Aruba 1.79 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Australia 1.76 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Austria 1.36 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Azerbaijan 2.46 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Bahamas, The 2.18 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Bahrain 2.6 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Bangladesh 3.11 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Barbados 1.65 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Belarus 1.43 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Belgium 1.64 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Belize 3.6 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Benin 5.2 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Bermuda 1.89 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Bhutan 4.74 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Bolivia 2.85 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 1.22 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Botswana 2.79 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Brazil 1.91 children born/woman (2006 est.)
British Virgin Islands 1.72 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Brunei 2.28 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Bulgaria 1.38 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Burkina Faso 6.47 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Burma 1.98 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Burundi 6.55 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Cambodia 3.37 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Cameroon 4.39 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Canada 1.61 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Cape Verde 3.38 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Cayman Islands 1.9 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Central African Republic 4.41 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Chad 6.25 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Chile 2 children born/woman (2006 est.)
China 1.73 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 2.54 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Comoros 5.03 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 6.45 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Congo, Republic of the 6.07 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Cook Islands 3.1 children born/woman (2001 census)
Costa Rica 2.24 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 4.5 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Croatia 1.4 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Cuba 1.66 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Cyprus 1.82 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Czech Republic 1.21 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Denmark 1.74 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Djibouti 5.31 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Dominica 1.94 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Dominican Republic 2.83 children born/woman (2006 est.)
East Timor 3.53 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Ecuador 2.68 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Egypt 2.83 children born/woman (2006 est.)
El Salvador 3.12 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 4.55 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Eritrea 5.08 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Estonia 1.4 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Ethiopia 5.22 children born/woman (2006 est.)
European Union 1.47 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA children born/woman
Faroe Islands 2.17 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Fiji 2.73 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Finland 1.73 children born/woman (2006 est.)
France 1.84 children born/woman (2006 est.)
French Guiana 2.98 children born/woman (2006 est.)
French Polynesia 2.01 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Gabon 4.74 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Gambia, The 5.3 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Gaza Strip 5.78 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Georgia 1.42 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Germany 1.39 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Ghana 3.99 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Gibraltar 1.65 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Greece 1.34 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Greenland 2.4 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Grenada 2.34 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Guadeloupe 1.9 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Guam 2.58 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Guatemala 3.82 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Guernsey 1.39 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Guinea 5.79 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Guinea-Bissau 4.86 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Guyana 2.04 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Haiti 4.94 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Honduras 3.59 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Hong Kong 0.95 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Hungary 1.32 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Iceland 1.92 children born/woman (2006 est.)
India 2.73 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Indonesia 2.4 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Iran 1.8 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Iraq 4.18 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Ireland 1.86 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Isle of Man 1.65 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Israel 2.41 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Italy 1.28 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Jamaica 2.41 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Japan 1.4 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Jersey 1.58 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Jordan 2.63 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Kazakhstan 1.89 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Kenya 4.91 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Kiribati 4.16 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Korea, North 2.1 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Korea, South 1.27 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Kuwait 2.91 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 2.69 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Laos 4.68 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Latvia 1.27 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Lebanon 1.9 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Lesotho 3.28 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Liberia 6.02 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Libya 3.28 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Liechtenstein 1.51 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Lithuania 1.2 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Luxembourg 1.78 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Macau 1.02 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Macedonia 1.57 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Madagascar 5.62 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Malawi 5.92 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Malaysia 3.04 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Maldives 4.9 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Mali 7.42 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Malta 1.5 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Marshall Islands 3.85 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Martinique 1.79 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Mauritania 5.86 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Mauritius 1.95 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Mayotte 5.79 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Mexico 2.42 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 3.16 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Moldova 1.85 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Monaco 1.76 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Mongolia 2.25 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Montserrat 1.77 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Morocco 2.68 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Mozambique 4.62 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Namibia 3.06 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Nauru 3.11 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Nepal 4.1 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Netherlands 1.66 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 1.99 children born/woman (2006 est.)
New Caledonia 2.28 children born/woman (2006 est.)
New Zealand 1.79 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Nicaragua 2.75 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Niger 7.46 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Nigeria 5.49 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Niue NA
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands 1.24 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Norway 1.78 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Oman 5.77 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Pakistan 4 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Palau 2.46 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Panama 2.68 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Papua New Guinea 3.88 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Paraguay 3.89 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Peru 2.51 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Philippines 3.11 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 1.25 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Portugal 1.47 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Puerto Rico 1.75 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Qatar 2.81 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Reunion 2.45 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Romania 1.37 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Russia 1.28 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Rwanda 5.43 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Saint Helena 1.55 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 2.31 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Saint Lucia 2.18 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 2.01 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1.83 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Samoa 2.94 children born/woman (2006 est.)
San Marino 1.34 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Sao Tome and Principe 5.62 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Saudi Arabia 4 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Senegal 4.38 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Serbia 1.78 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Seychelles 1.74 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Sierra Leone 6.08 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Singapore 1.06 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Slovakia 1.33 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Slovenia 1.25 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Solomon Islands 3.91 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Somalia 6.76 children born/woman (2006 est.)
South Africa 2.2 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Spain 1.28 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Sri Lanka 1.84 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Sudan 4.72 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Suriname 2.32 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Svalbard NA
Swaziland 3.53 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Sweden 1.66 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Switzerland 1.43 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Syria 3.4 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Taiwan 1.57 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Tajikistan 4 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Tanzania 4.97 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Thailand 1.64 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Togo 4.96 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Tokelau NA
Tonga 3 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 1.74 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Tunisia 1.74 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Turkey 1.92 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Turkmenistan 3.37 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 3.05 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Tuvalu 2.98 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Uganda 6.71 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Ukraine 1.17 children born/woman (2006 est.)
United Arab Emirates 2.88 children born/woman (2006 est.)
United Kingdom 1.66 children born/woman (2006 est.)
United States 2.09 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Uruguay 1.89 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Uzbekistan 2.91 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Vanuatu 2.7 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Venezuela 2.23 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Vietnam 1.91 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Virgin Islands 2.17 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Wallis and Futuna NA children born/woman
West Bank 4.28 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Western Sahara NA children born/woman
World 2.59 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Yemen 6.58 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Zambia 5.39 children born/woman (2006 est.)
Zimbabwe 3.13 children born/woman (2006 est.)
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2128 Government type
Afghanistan Islamic republic
Albania emerging democracy
Algeria republic
American Samoa NA
Andorra parliamentary democracy (since March 1993) that retains as its chiefs of state a coprincipality; the two princes are the president of France and bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain, who are represented locally by coprinces' representatives
Angola republic; multiparty presidential regime
Anguilla NA
Antarctica Antarctic Treaty Summary - the Antarctic Treaty, signed on 1 December 1959 and entered into force on 23 June 1961, establishes the legal framework for the management of Antarctica; the 28th Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting was held in Stockholm, Sweden in June 2005; at these periodic meetings, decisions are made by consensus (not by vote) of all consultative member nations; at the end of 2005, there were 45 treaty member nations: 28 consultative and 17 non-consultative; consultative (decision-making) members include the seven nations that claim portions of Antarctica as national territory (some claims overlap) and 21 non-claimant nations; the US and Russia have reserved the right to make claims; the US does not recognize the claims of others; Antarctica is administered through meetings of the consultative member nations; decisions from these meetings are carried out by these member nations (with respect to their own nationals and operations) in accordance with their own national laws; the years in parentheses indicate when a consultative member-nation acceded to the Treaty and when it was accepted as a consultative member, while no date indicates the country was an original 1959 treaty signatory; claimant nations are - Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, NZ, Norway, and the UK. Nonclaimant consultative nations are - Belgium, Brazil (1975/1983), Bulgaria (1978/1998) China (1983/1985), Ecuador (1987/1990), Finland (1984/1989), Germany (1979/1981), India (1983/1983), Italy (1981/1987), Japan, South Korea (1986/1989), Netherlands (1967/1990), Peru (1981/1989), Poland (1961/1977), Russia, South Africa, Spain (1982/1988), Sweden (1984/1988), Ukraine (1992/2004), Uruguay (1980/1985), and the US; non-consultative members, with year of accession in parentheses, are - Austria (1987), Canada (1988), Colombia (1989), Cuba (1984), Czech Republic (1962/1993), Denmark (1965), Estonia (2001), Greece (1987), Guatemala (1991), Hungary (1984), North Korea (1987), Papua New Guinea (1981), Romania (1971), Slovakia (1962/1993), Switzerland (1990), Turkey (1996), and Venezuela (1999); note - Czechoslovakia acceded to the Treaty in 1962 and separated into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1993; Article 1 - area to be used for peaceful purposes only; military activity, such as weapons testing, is prohibited, but military personnel and equipment may be used for scientific research or any other peaceful purpose; Article 2 - freedom of scientific investigation and cooperation shall continue; Article 3 - free exchange of information and personnel, cooperation with the UN and other international agencies; Article 4 - does not recognize, dispute, or establish territorial claims and no new claims shall be asserted while the treaty is in force; Article 5 - prohibits nuclear explosions or disposal of radioactive wastes; Article 6 - includes under the treaty all land and ice shelves south of 60 degrees 00 minutes south and reserves high seas rights; Article 7 - treaty-state observers have free access, including aerial observation, to any area and may inspect all stations, installations, and equipment; advance notice of all expeditions and of the introduction of military personnel must be given; Article 8 - allows for jurisdiction over observers and scientists by their own states; Article 9 - frequent consultative meetings take place among member nations; Article 10 - treaty states will discourage activities by any country in Antarctica that are contrary to the treaty; Article 11 - disputes to be settled peacefully by the parties concerned or, ultimately, by the ICJ; Articles 12, 13, 14 - deal with upholding, interpreting, and amending the treaty among involved nations; other agreements - some 200 recommendations adopted at treaty consultative meetings and ratified by governments include - Agreed Measures for Fauna and Flora (1964) which were later incorporated into the Environmental Protocol; Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals (1972); Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (1980); a mineral resources agreement was signed in 1988 but remains unratified; the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty was signed 4 October 1991 and entered into force 14 January 1998; this agreement provides for the protection of the Antarctic environment through six specific annexes: 1) environmental impact assessment, 2) conservation of Antarctic fauna and flora, 3) waste disposal and waste management, 4) prevention of marine pollution, 5) area protection and management and 6) liability arising from environmental emergencies; it prohibits all activities relating to mineral resources except scientific research; a permanent Antarctic Treaty Secretariat was established in 2004 in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Antigua and Barbuda constitutional parliamentary democracy
Argentina republic
Armenia republic
Aruba parliamentary democracy
Australia federal parliamentary democracy
Austria federal republic
Azerbaijan republic
Bahamas, The constitutional parliamentary democracy
Bahrain constitutional hereditary monarchy
Bangladesh parliamentary democracy
Barbados parliamentary democracy
Belarus republic in name, although in fact a dictatorship
Belgium federal parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy
Belize parliamentary democracy
Benin republic
Bermuda parliamentary; self-governing territory
Bhutan monarchy; special treaty relationship with India
Bolivia republic
Bosnia and Herzegovina emerging federal democratic republic
Botswana parliamentary republic
Brazil federative republic
British Virgin Islands NA
Brunei constitutional sultanate
Bulgaria parliamentary democracy
Burkina Faso parliamentary republic
Burma military junta
Burundi republic
Cambodia multiparty democracy under a constitutional monarchy
Cameroon republic; multiparty presidential regime
Canada constitutional monarchy that is also a parliamentary democracy and a federation
Cape Verde republic
Cayman Islands British crown colony
Central African Republic republic
Chad republic
Chile republic
China Communist state
Christmas Island NA
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia republic; executive branch dominates government structure
Comoros republic
Congo, Democratic Republic of the transitional government
Congo, Republic of the republic
Cook Islands self-governing parliamentary democracy
Costa Rica democratic republic
Cote d'Ivoire republic; multiparty presidential regime established 1960
Croatia presidential/parliamentary democracy
Cuba Communist state
Cyprus republic note: a separation of the two ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified after the Turkish intervention in July 1974 that followed a Greek junta-supported coup attempt gave the Turkish Cypriots de facto control in the north; Greek Cypriots control the only internationally recognized government; on 15 November 1983 Turkish Cypriot "President" Rauf DENKTASH declared independence and the formation of a "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC), which is recognized only by Turkey
Czech Republic parliamentary democracy
Denmark constitutional monarchy
Djibouti republic
Dominica parliamentary democracy
Dominican Republic representative democracy
East Timor republic
Ecuador republic
Egypt republic
El Salvador republic
Equatorial Guinea republic
Eritrea transitional government note: following a successful referendum on independence for the Autonomous Region of Eritrea on 23-25 April 1993, a National Assembly, composed entirely of the People's Front for Democracy and Justice or PFDJ, was established as a transitional legislature; a Constitutional Commission was also established to draft a constitution; ISAIAS Afworki was elected president by the transitional legislature; the constitution, ratified in May 1997, did not enter into effect, pending parliamentary and presidential elections; parliamentary elections had been scheduled in December 2001, but were postponed indefinitely; currently the sole legal party is the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ)
Estonia parliamentary republic
Ethiopia federal republic
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA
Faroe Islands NA
Fiji republic
Finland republic
France republic
French Guiana NA
French Polynesia NA
Gabon republic; multiparty presidential regime
Gambia, The republic
Georgia republic
Germany federal republic
Ghana constitutional democracy
Gibraltar NA
Greece parliamentary republic
Greenland parliamentary democracy within a constitutional monarchy
Grenada parliamentary democracy
Guadeloupe NA
Guam NA
Guatemala constitutional democratic republic
Guernsey NA
Guinea republic
Guinea-Bissau republic
Guyana republic
Haiti elected government
Holy See (Vatican City) ecclesiastical
Honduras democratic constitutional republic
Hong Kong limited democracy
Hungary parliamentary democracy
Iceland constitutional republic
India federal republic
Indonesia republic
Iran theocratic republic
Iraq transitional democracy
Ireland republic, parliamentary democracy
Isle of Man parliamentary democracy
Israel parliamentary democracy
Italy republic
Jamaica constitutional parliamentary democracy
Japan constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary government
Jersey NA
Jordan constitutional monarchy
Kazakhstan republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch
Kenya republic
Kiribati republic
Korea, North Communist state one-man dictatorship
Korea, South republic
Kuwait constitutional hereditary emirate
Kyrgyzstan republic
Laos Communist state
Latvia parliamentary democracy
Lebanon republic
Lesotho parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Liberia republic
Libya Jamahiriya (a state of the masses) in theory, governed by the populace through local councils; in fact, a military dictatorship
Liechtenstein constitutional monarchy
Lithuania parliamentary democracy
Luxembourg constitutional monarchy
Macau limited democracy
Macedonia parliamentary democracy
Madagascar republic
Malawi multiparty democracy
Malaysia constitutional monarchy note: nominally headed by paramount ruler and a bicameral Parliament consisting of a nonelected upper house and an elected lower house; all Peninsular Malaysian states have hereditary rulers except Melaka and Pulau Pinang (Penang); those two states along with Sabah and Sarawak in East Malaysia have governors appointed by government; powers of state governments are limited by federal constitution; under terms of federation, Sabah and Sarawak retain certain constitutional prerogatives (e.g., right to maintain their own immigration controls); Sabah holds 25 seats in House of Representatives; Sarawak holds 28 seats in House of Representatives
Maldives republic
Mali republic
Malta republic
Marshall Islands constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 21 October 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force in May 2004
Martinique NA
Mauritania republic
Mauritius parliamentary democracy
Mayotte NA
Mexico federal republic
Micronesia, Federated States of constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 3 November 1986 and the Amended Compact entered into force May 2004
Moldova republic
Monaco constitutional monarchy
Mongolia mixed parliamentary/presidential
Montenegro republic
Montserrat NA
Morocco constitutional monarchy
Mozambique republic
Namibia republic
Nauru republic
Nepal parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
Netherlands constitutional monarchy
Netherlands Antilles parliamentary
New Caledonia NA
New Zealand parliamentary democracy
Nicaragua republic
Niger republic
Nigeria federal republic
Niue self-governing parliamentary democracy
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands commonwealth; self-governing with locally elected governor, lieutenant governor, and legislature
Norway constitutional monarchy
Oman monarchy
Pakistan federal republic
Palau constitutional government in free association with the US; the Compact of Free Association entered into force 1 October 1994
Panama constitutional democracy
Papua New Guinea constitutional parliamentary democracy
Paraguay constitutional republic
Peru constitutional republic
Philippines republic
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland republic
Portugal parliamentary democracy
Puerto Rico commonwealth
Qatar traditional emirate
Reunion NA
Romania republic
Russia federation
Rwanda republic; presidential, multiparty system
Saint Helena NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis parliamentary democracy
Saint Lucia parliamentary democracy
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines parliamentary democracy
Samoa mix of parliamentary democracy and constitutional monarchy
San Marino independent republic
Sao Tome and Principe republic
Saudi Arabia monarchy
Senegal republic
Serbia republic
Seychelles republic
Sierra Leone constitutional democracy
Singapore parliamentary republic
Slovakia parliamentary democracy
Slovenia parliamentary republic
Solomon Islands parliamentary democracy
Somalia no permanent national government; transitional, parliamentary federal government
South Africa republic
Spain parliamentary monarchy
Sri Lanka republic
Sudan Government of National Unity (GNU) - the National Congress Party (NCP) and Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) formed a power-sharing government under the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA); the NCP, which came to power by military coup in 1989, is the majority partner; the agreement stipulates national elections for the 2008 - 2009 timeframe.
Suriname constitutional democracy
Svalbard NA
Swaziland monarchy
Sweden constitutional monarchy
Switzerland formally a confederation, but similar in structure to a federal republic
Syria republic under an authoritarian, military-dominated regime
Taiwan multiparty democracy
Tajikistan republic
Tanzania republic
Thailand constitutional monarchy
Togo republic under transition to multiparty democratic rule
Tokelau NA
Tonga constitutional monarchy
Trinidad and Tobago parliamentary democracy
Tunisia republic
Turkey republican parliamentary democracy
Turkmenistan republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch
Turks and Caicos Islands NA
Tuvalu constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy
Uganda republic
Ukraine republic
United Arab Emirates federation with specified powers delegated to the UAE federal government and other powers reserved to member emirates
United Kingdom constitutional monarchy
United States Constitution-based federal republic; strong democratic tradition
Uruguay constitutional republic
Uzbekistan republic; authoritarian presidential rule, with little power outside the executive branch
Vanuatu parliamentary republic
Venezuela federal republic
Vietnam Communist state
Virgin Islands NA
Wallis and Futuna NA
Western Sahara legal status of territory and issue of sovereignty unresolved; territory contested by Morocco and Polisario Front (Popular Front for the Liberation of the Saguia el Hamra and Rio de Oro), which in February 1976 formally proclaimed a government-in-exile of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR), led by President Mohamed ABDELAZIZ; territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania in April 1976, with Morocco acquiring northern two-thirds; Mauritania, under pressure from Polisario guerrillas, abandoned all claims to its portion in August 1979; Morocco moved to occupy that sector shortly thereafter and has since asserted administrative control; the Polisario's government-in-exile was seated as an Organization of African Unity (OAU) member in 1984; guerrilla activities continued sporadically, until a UN-monitored cease-fire was implemented 6 September 1991
Yemen republic
Zambia republic
Zimbabwe parliamentary democracy
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2129 Unemployment rate (%)
Afghanistan 40% (2005 est.)
Albania 14.3% official rate, but may exceed 30% (2005 est.)
Algeria 17.1% (2005 est.)
American Samoa 29.8% (2005)
Andorra 0% (1996 est.)
Angola extensive unemployment and underemployment affecting more than half the population (2001 est.)
Anguilla 8% (2002)
Antigua and Barbuda 11% (2001 est.)
Argentina 11.6% (2005 est.)
Armenia 31.6% (2004 est.)
Aruba 6.9% (2005 est.)
Australia 5.1% (2005 est.)
Austria 5.2% (2005 est.)
Azerbaijan 1.1% official rate (2005 est.)
Bahamas, The 10.2% (2005 est.)
Bahrain 15% (2005 est.)
Bangladesh 2.5% (includes underemployment) (2005 est.)
Barbados 10.7% (2003 est.)
Belarus 1.6% officially registered unemployed; large number of underemployed workers (2005)
Belgium 8.4% (2005 est.)
Belize 12.9% (2003)
Benin NA%
Bermuda 2.1% (2004 est.)
Bhutan NA%
Bolivia 8% in urban areas; widespread underemployment (2005 est.)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 45.5% official rate; grey economy may reduce actual unemployment to 25-30% (31 December 2004 est.)
Botswana 23.8% (2004)
Brazil 9.8% (2005 est.)
British Virgin Islands 3.6% (1997)
Brunei 4.8% (2004)
Bulgaria 9.9% (2005)
Burkina Faso NA%
Burma 5% (2005 est.)
Burundi NA%
Cambodia 2.5% (2000 est.)
Cameroon 30% (2001 est.)
Canada 6.8% (2005 est.)
Cape Verde 21% (2000 est.)
Cayman Islands 4.4% (2004)
Central African Republic 8% (23% for Bangui) (2001 est.)
Chad NA%
Chile 8.1% (2005 est.)
China 9% official registered unemployment in urban areas in 2004; substantial unemployment and underemployment in rural areas; an official Chinese journal estimated overall unemployment (including rural areas) for 2003 at 20% (2005 est.)
Cocos (Keeling) Islands 60% (2000 est.)
Colombia 11.8% (2005 est.)
Comoros 20% (1996 est.)
Congo, Democratic Republic of the NA%
Congo, Republic of the NA%
Cook Islands 13.1% (2005)
Costa Rica 6.6% (2005 est.)
Cote d'Ivoire 13% in urban areas (1998)
Croatia 18% official rate; labor force surveys indicate unemployment around 14% (2005 est.)
Cuba 1.9% (2005 est.)
Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 4% (2005 est.); north Cyprus: 5.6% (2004 est.)
Czech Republic 7.9% (2005)
Denmark 5.7% (2005 est.)
Djibouti 50% (2004 est.)
Dominica 23% (2000 est.)
Dominican Republic 17% (2005 est.)
East Timor 50% estimated; note - unemployment in urban areas reached 20%; data do not include underemployed (2001 est.)
Ecuador 10.7% official rate; but underemployment of 47% (2005 est.)
Egypt 9.5% (2005 est.)
El Salvador 6.5% official rate; but the economy has much underemployment (2005 est.)
Equatorial Guinea 30% (1998 est.)
Eritrea NA%
Estonia 7.8% (2005)
Ethiopia NA%
European Union 9.4% (2005 est.)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) full employment; labor shortage (2001)
Faroe Islands 1% (October 2000)
Fiji 7.6% (1999)
Finland 8.4% (2005 est.)
France 9.9% (2005 est.)
French Guiana 19.2% (December 2003)
French Polynesia 11.8% (1994)
Gabon 21% (1997 est.)
Gambia, The NA%
Gaza Strip 31% (includes West Bank) (January-September 2005 avg.)
Georgia 12.6% (2004 est.)
Germany 11.7% (2005 est.)
Ghana 20% (1997 est.)
Gibraltar 2% (2001 est.)
Greece 9.9% (2005 est.)
Greenland 10% (2000 est.)
Grenada 12.5% (2000)
Guadeloupe 26.9% (2003)
Guam 11.4% (2002 est.)
Guatemala 7.5% (2003 est.)
Guernsey 0.5% (1999 est.)
Guinea NA%
Guinea-Bissau NA%
Guyana 9.1% (understated) (2000)
Haiti widespread unemployment and underemployment; more than two-thirds of the labor force do not have formal jobs (2002 est.)
Honduras 28% (2005 est.)
Hong Kong 5.5% (2005 est.)
Hungary 7.2% (2005)
Iceland 2.1% (2005 est.)
India 8.9% (2005 est.)
Indonesia 11.8% (2005 est.)
Iran 11.2% (2004 est.)
Iraq 25% to 30% (2005 est.)
Ireland 4.3% (2005 est.)
Isle of Man 0.6% (2004 est.)
Israel 9% (2005 est.)
Italy 7.7% (2005 est.)
Jamaica 11.5% (2005 est.)
Japan 4.4% (2005 est.)
Jersey 0.9% (2004 est.)
Jordan 12.5% official rate; unofficial rate is approximately 30% (2004 est.)
Kazakhstan 8.1% (2005 est.)
Kenya 40% (2001 est.)
Kiribati 2% official rate; underemployment 70% (1992 est.)
Korea, North NA%
Korea, South 3.7% (2005 est.)
Kuwait 2.2% (2004 est.)
Kyrgyzstan 18% (2004 est.)
Laos 2.4% (2005 est.)
Latvia 7.5% (2005 est.)
Lebanon 18% (1997 est.)
Lesotho 45% (2002)
Liberia 85% (2003 est.)
Libya 30% (2004 est.)
Liechtenstein 1.3% (September 2002)
Lithuania 8.2% (2005)
Luxembourg 4.5% (2005 est.)
Macau 4.1% (3rd Quarter 2005)
Macedonia 37.3% (2005 est.)
Malawi NA%
Malaysia 3.6% (2005 est.)
Maldives NEGL% (2003 est.)
Mali 14.6% (2001 est.)
Malta 7.8% (2005 est.)
Marshall Islands 30.9% (2000 est.)
Martinique 27.2% (1998)
Mauritania 20% (2004 est.)
Mauritius 9.6% (2005 est.)
Mayotte 32.8% (2003)
Mexico 3.6% plus underemployment of perhaps 25% (2005 est.)
Micronesia, Federated States of 22% (2000 est.)
Moldova 8%; note - roughly 25% of working age Moldovans are employed abroad (2002 est.)
Monaco 22% (1999)
Mongolia 6.7% (2003)
Montenegro 27.7% (2005)
Montserrat 6% (1998 est.)
Morocco 11% (2005 est.)
Mozambique 21% (1997 est.)
Namibia 35% (1998)
Nauru 90% (2004 est.)
Nepal 42% (2004 est.)
Netherlands 6.6% (2005 est.)
Netherlands Antilles 17% (2002 est.)
New Caledonia 17.1% (2004)
New Zealand 3.7% (2005 est.)
Nicaragua 5.6% plus underemployment of 46.5% (2005 est.)
Niger NA%
Nigeria 2.9% (2005 est.)
Niue 12% NA%
Norfolk Island 0%
Northern Mariana Islands 3.9% NA%
Norway 4.6% (2005 est.)
Oman 15% (2004 est.)
Pakistan 6.6% plus substantial underemployment (2005 est.)
Palau 4.2% (2005 est.)
Panama 9.8% (2005 est.)
Papua New Guinea 2.8% up to 80% in urban areas (2004)
Paraguay 16% (2005 est.)
Peru 7.6% in metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2005 est.)
Philippines 8.7% (2005 est.)
Poland 18.2% (2005 est.)
Portugal 7.6% (2005 est.)
Puerto Rico 12% (2002)
Qatar 2.7% (2001)
Reunion 31% (2002)
Romania 7.7% (2005 est.)
Russia 7.6% plus considerable underemployment (2005 est.)
Rwanda NA%
Saint Helena 14% (1998 est.)
Saint Kitts and Nevis 4.5% (1997)
Saint Lucia 20% (2003 est.)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 10.3% (1999)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 15% (2001 est.)
Samoa NA%
San Marino 2.6% (2001)
Sao Tome and Principe NA%
Saudi Arabia 13% among Saudi males only (local bank estimate; some estimates range as high as 25%) (2004 est.)
Senegal 48%; note - urban youth 40% (2001 est.)
Serbia 31.6% note: unemployment is approximately 50% in Kosovo (2005 est.)
Seychelles NA%
Sierra Leone NA%
Singapore 3.1% (2005 est.)
Slovakia 16.4% (2005 est.)
Slovenia 6.3% (2005 est.)
Solomon Islands NA%
Somalia NA%
South Africa 26.6% (2005 est.)
Spain 9.2% (2005 est.)
Sri Lanka 7.7% (2005 est.)
Sudan 18.7% (2002 est.)
Suriname 9.5% (2004)
Swaziland 40% (2005 est.)
Sweden 5.8% (2005 est.)
Switzerland 3.8% (2005 est.)
Syria 12.3% (2004 est.)
Taiwan 4.1% (2005 est.)
Tajikistan 12% (2004 est.)
Tanzania NA%
Thailand 1.8% (2005 est.)
Togo NA%
Tokelau NA%
Tonga 13% (FY03/04 est.)
Trinidad and Tobago 8% (2005 est.)
Tunisia 14.2% (2005 est.)
Turkey 10.2% plus underemployment of 4% (2005 est.)
Turkmenistan 60% (2004 est.)
Turks and Caicos Islands 10% (1997 est.)
Tuvalu NA%
Uganda NA%
Ukraine 3.1% officially registered; large number of unregistered or underemployed workers; the International Labor Organization calculates that Ukraine's real unemployment level is around 9-10% (2005 est.)
United Arab Emirates 2.4% (2001)
United Kingdom 4.7% (2005 est.)
United States 5.1% (2005 est.)
Uruguay 12.2% (2005 est.)
Uzbekistan 0.7% officially, plus another 20% underemployed (2005 est.)
Vanuatu 1.7% NA%
Venezuela 12.2% (2005 est.)
Vietnam 2.4% (2005 est.)
Virgin Islands 6.2% (2004)
Wallis and Futuna 15.2% NA%
West Bank 19.9% (includes Gaza Strip) (January-September 2005)
Western Sahara NA%
World 30% combined unemployment and underemployment in many non-industrialized countries; developed countries typically 4%-12% unemployment
Yemen 35% (2003 est.)
Zambia 50% (2000 est.)
Zimbabwe 80% (2005 est.)
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
======================================================================
@2137 Military - note
Akrotiri Akrotiri has a full RAF base, Headquarters for British Forces on Cyprus, and Episkopi Support Unit
American Samoa defense is the responsibility of the US
Andorra defense is the responsibility of France and Spain
Anguilla defense is the responsibility of the UK
Antarctica the Antarctic Treaty prohibits any measures of a military nature, such as the establishment of military bases and fortifications, the carrying out of military maneuvers, or the testing of any type of weapon; it permits the use of military personnel or equipment for scientific research or for any other peaceful purposes
Argentina the Argentine military is a well-organized force constrained by the country's prolonged economic hardship; the country has recently experienced a strong recovery, and the military is now implementing "Plan 2000," aimed at making the ground forces lighter and more responsive (2005)
Aruba defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
Ashmore and Cartier Islands defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force
Baker Island defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard
Barbados the Royal Barbados Defense Force includes a land-based Troop Command and a small Coast Guard; the primary role of the land element is to defend the island against external aggression; the Command consists of a single, part-time battalion with a small regular cadre that is deployed throughout the island; it increasingly supports the police in patrolling the coastline to prevent smuggling and other illicit activities (2005)
Bassas da India defense is the responsibility of France
Bermuda defense is the responsibility of the UK
Bouvet Island defense is the responsibility of Norway
British Indian Ocean Territory defense is the responsibility of the UK; the US lease on Diego Garcia expires in 2016
British Virgin Islands defense is the responsibility of the UK
Cayman Islands defense is the responsibility of the UK
Christmas Island defense is the responsibility of Australia
Clipperton Island defense is the responsibility of France
Cocos (Keeling) Islands defense is the responsibility of Australia; the territory has a five-person police force
Cook Islands defense is the responsibility of New Zealand, in consultation with the Cook Islands and at its request
Coral Sea Islands defense is the responsibility of Australia; visited regularly by the Royal Australian Navy; Australia has control over the activities of visitors
Cuba Moscow, for decades the key military supporter and supplier of Cuba, cut off almost all military aid by 1993
Dhekelia includes Dhekelia Garrison and Ayios Nikolaos Station connected by a roadway
Europa Island defense is the responsibility of France
European Union In November 2004, the European Union heads of government signed a "Treaty Establishing a Constitution for Europe" that offers possibilities - with some limits - for increased defense and security cooperation. If ratified, in a process that may take some two years, this treaty will in effect make operational the European Security and Defense Policy (ESDP) approved in the 2000 Nice Treaty. Despite limits of cooperation for some EU members, development of a European military planning unit is likely to continue. So is creation of a rapid-reaction military force and a humanitarian aid system, which the planning unit will support. France, Germany, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and Italy continue to press for wider coordination. The five-nation Eurocorps - created in 1992 by France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and Luxembourg - has already deployed troops and police on peacekeeping missions to Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo and assumed command of the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan in August 2004. Eurocorps directly commands the 5,000-man Franco-German Brigade, the Multinational Command Support Brigade, and EUFOR, which took over from SFOR in Bosnia in December 2004. Other troop contributions are under national command - commitments to provide 67,100 troops were made at the Helsinki EU session in 2000. Some 56,000 EU troops were actually deployed in 2003. In August 2004, the new European Defense Agency, tasked with promoting cooperative European defense capabilities, began operations. In November 2004, the EU Council of Ministers formally committed to creating thirteen 1,500-man "battle groups" by the end of 2007, to respond to international crises on a rotating basis. Twenty-two of the EU's 25 nations have agreed to supply troops. France, Italy, and the UK are to form the first three battle groups in 2005, with Spain to follow. In May 2005, Norway, Sweden, and Finland agreed to establish one of the battle groups, possibly to include Estonian forces. The remaining groups are to be formed by 2007. (2005)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) defense is the responsibility of the UK
Faroe Islands defense is the responsibility of Denmark
French Guiana defense is the responsibility of France
French Polynesia defense is the responsibility of France
French Southern and Antarctic Lands defense is the responsibility of France
Georgia a CIS peacekeeping force of Russian troops is deployed in the Abkhazia region of Georgia together with a UN military observer group; a Russian peacekeeping battalion is deployed in South Ossetia
Gibraltar defense is the responsibility of the UK; the last British regular infantry forces left Gibraltar in 1992, replaced by the Royal Gibraltar Regiment
Glorioso Islands defense is the responsibility of France
Greenland defense is the responsibility of Denmark
Guadeloupe defense is the responsibility of France
Guam defense is the responsibility of the US
Guernsey defense is the responsibility of the UK
Heard Island and McDonald Islands defense is the responsibility of Australia; Australia conducts fisheries patrols
Holy See (Vatican City) defense is the responsibility of Italy; ceremonial and limited security duties performed by Pontifical Swiss Guard
Hong Kong defense is the responsibility of China
Howland Island defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard
Iceland under a 1951 bilateral agreement, Iceland's defense was provided by a US-manned Icelandic Defense Force (IDF) headquartered in Keflavik; in October 2006, all US military forces in Iceland were withdrawn; nonetheless, the US and Iceland signed a Joint Understanding to strengthen their bilateral defense relationship, including regular security consultations, military communications in the event of national emergencies, annual bilateral exercises on Icelandic territory, and future bilateral and NATO support to four Iceland Air Defense System (IADS) radar sites
Iles Eparses defense is the responsibility of France
Isle of Man defense is the responsibility of the UK
Jan Mayen defense is the responsibility of Norway
Jarvis Island defense is the responsibility of the US; visited annually by the US Coast Guard
Jersey defense is the responsibility of the UK
Johnston Atoll defense is the responsibility of the US
Juan de Nova Island defense is the responsibility of France
Kingman Reef defense is the responsibility of the US
Kiribati Kiribati does not have military forces; defense assistance is provided by Australia and NZ
Laos Laos is one of the world's least developed countries; the Lao People's Armed Forces are small, poorly funded, and ineffectively resourced; there is little political will to allocate sparse funding to the military, and the armed forces' gradual degradation is likely to continue; the massive drug production and trafficking industry centered in the Golden Triangle makes Laos an important narcotics transit country, and armed Wa and Chinese smugglers are active on the Lao-Burma border (2005)
Lesotho the Lesotho Government in 1999 began an open debate on the future structure, size, and role of the armed forces, especially considering the Lesotho Defense Force's (LDF) history of intervening in political affairs
Liechtenstein defense is the responsibility of Switzerland
Macau defense is the responsiblity of China
Marshall Islands defense is the responsibility of the US
Martinique defense is the responsibility of France
Mayotte defense is the responsibility of France; small contingent of French forces stationed on the island
Micronesia, Federated States of defense is the responsibility of the US
Midway Islands defense is the responsibility of the US
Monaco defense is the responsibility of France; the Palace Guard performs ceremonial duties (2003)
Montenegro Montenegrin plans call for the establishment of a fully professional armed forces
Montserrat defense is the responsibility of the UK
Nauru Nauru maintains no defense forces; under an informal agreement, defense is the responsibility of Australia
Navassa Island defense is the responsibility of the US
Netherlands Antilles defense is the responsibility of the Kingdom of the Netherlands
New Caledonia defense is the responsibility of France
Niue defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Norfolk Island defense is the responsibility of Australia
Northern Mariana Islands defense is the responsibility of the US
Palau defense is the responsibility of the US; under a Compact of Free Association between Palau and the US, the US military is granted access to the islands for 50 years, but it has not stationed any military forces there (2005)
Palmyra Atoll defense is the responsibility of the US
Panama on 10 February 1990, the government of then President ENDARA abolished Panama's military and reformed the security apparatus by creating the Panamanian Public Forces; in October 1994, Panama's Legislative Assembly approved a constitutional amendment prohibiting the creation of a standing military force, but allowing the temporary establishment of special police units to counter acts of "external aggression"
Paracel Islands occupied by China
Pitcairn Islands defense is the responsibility of the UK
Puerto Rico defense is the responsibility of the US
Reunion defense is the responsibility of France
Saint Helena defense is the responsibility of the UK
Saint Pierre and Miquelon defense is the responsibility of France
Samoa Samoa has no formal defense structure or regular armed forces; informal defense ties exist with NZ, which is required to consider any Samoan request for assistance under the 1962 Treaty of Friendship
San Marino defense is the responsibility of Italy
Sao Tome and Principe Sao Tome and Principe's army is a tiny force with almost no resources at its disposal and would be wholly ineffective operating unilaterally; infantry equipment is considered simple to operate and maintain but may require refurbishment or replacement after 25 years in tropical climates; poor pay and conditions have been a problem in the past, as has alleged nepotism in the promotion of officers, as reflected in the 1995 and 2003 coups; these issues are being addressed with foreign assistance as initial steps towards the improvement of the army and its focus on realistic security concerns; command is exercised from the president, through the Minister of Defense, to the Chief of the Armed Forces staff (2005)
South Africa with the end of apartheid and the establishment of majority rule, former military, black homelands forces, and ex-opposition forces were integrated into the South African National Defense Force (SANDF); as of 2003 the integration process was considered complete
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands defense is the responsibility of the UK
Spratly Islands Spratly Islands consist of more than 100 small islands or reefs, of which about 45 are claimed and occupied by China, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam
Svalbard demilitarized by treaty on 9 February 1920
Tokelau defense is the responsibility of New Zealand
Tromelin Island defense is the responsibility of France
Turkey in the early 1990s, the Turkish Land Force was a large but badly equipped infantry force; there were 14 infantry divisions, but only one was mechanized, and out of 16 infantry brigades, only six were mechanized; the overhaul that has taken place since has produced highly mobile forces with greatly enhanced firepower in accordance with NATO's new strategic concept (2005)
Turks and Caicos Islands defense is the responsibility of the UK
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges defense is the responsibility of the US
Virgin Islands defense is the responsibility of the US
Wake Island defense is the responsibility of the US; launch support facility is part of the Ronald Reagan Ballistic Missile Defense Test Site (RTS) administered by US Army Space and Missile Defense Command (SMDC)
Wallis and Futuna defense is the responsibility of France
Yemen a Coast Guard was established in 2002
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2138 Communications - note
Afghanistan in March 2003, 'af' was established as Afghanistan's domain name; Internet access is growing through Internet cafes as well as public "telekiosks" in Kabul (2002)
Bouvet Island automatic meteorological station
Coral Sea Islands there are automatic weather stations on many of the isles and reefs relaying data to the mainland
Europa Island 1 meteorological station
Glorioso Islands 1 meteorological station
Iles Eparses Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Tromelin Island: 1 meteorological station on each possession; note - meteorological station on Tromelin Island is important for forecasting cyclones
Juan de Nova Island 1 meteorological station
Saint Helena South Africa maintains a meteorological station on Gough Island
Tromelin Island important meteorological station
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2140 Government - note
French Polynesia under certain acts of France, French Polynesia has acquired autonomy in all areas except those relating to police and justice, monetary policy, tertiary education, immigration, and defense and foreign affairs; the duties of its president are fashioned after those of the French prime minister
Malawi the executive exerts considerable influence over the legislature
Solomon Islands June 2003 Prime Minister Sir Allan KEMAKEZA sought the intervention of Australia to aid in restoring order; parliament approved the request for intervention in July 2003; troops from Australia, NZ, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and Tonga arrived 24 July 2003; by 2006, the Regional Assistance Mission to the Solomon Islands (RAMSI) had been scaled back to 259 police officers and 20 military, in addition to civilian technical advisers; in response to rioting that broke out in mid-April 2006, Australia dispatched an addtional 220 troops and 70 police officers to help restore order
Somalia although an interim government was created in 2004, other regional and local governing bodies continue to exist and control various cities and regions of the country, including the self-declared Republic of Somaliland in northwestern Somalia, the semi-autonomous State of Puntland in northeastern Somalia, and traditional clan and faction strongholds
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2142 Country name
Afghanistan conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan conventional short form: Afghanistan local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan local short form: Afghanestan former: Republic of Afghanistan
Akrotiri conventional long form: Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area conventional short form: Akrotiri
Albania conventional long form: Republic of Albania conventional short form: Albania local long form: Republika e Shqiperise local short form: Shqiperia former: People's Socialist Republic of Albania
Algeria conventional long form: People's Democratic Republic of Algeria conventional short form: Algeria local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah local short form: Al Jaza'ir
American Samoa conventional long form: Territory of American Samoa conventional short form: American Samoa abbreviation: AS
Andorra conventional long form: Principality of Andorra conventional short form: Andorra local long form: Principat d'Andorra local short form: Andorra
Angola conventional long form: Republic of Angola conventional short form: Angola local long form: Republica de Angola local short form: Angola former: People's Republic of Angola
Anguilla conventional long form: none conventional short form: Anguilla
Antarctica conventional long form: none conventional short form: Antarctica
Antigua and Barbuda conventional long form: none conventional short form: Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina conventional long form: Argentine Republic conventional short form: Argentina local long form: Republica Argentina local short form: Argentina
Armenia conventional long form: Republic of Armenia conventional short form: Armenia local long form: Hayastani Hanrapetut'yun local short form: Hayastan former: Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic; Armenian Republic
Aruba conventional long form: none conventional short form: Aruba
Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands
Australia conventional long form: Commonwealth of Australia conventional short form: Australia
Austria conventional long form: Republic of Austria conventional short form: Austria local long form: Republik Oesterreich local short form: Oesterreich
Azerbaijan conventional long form: Republic of Azerbaijan conventional short form: Azerbaijan local long form: Azarbaycan Respublikasi local short form: Azarbaycan former: Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
Bahamas, The conventional long form: Commonwealth of The Bahamas conventional short form: The Bahamas
Bahrain conventional long form: Kingdom of Bahrain conventional short form: Bahrain local long form: Mamlakat al Bahrayn local short form: Al Bahrayn former: Dilmun
Baker Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Baker Island
Bangladesh conventional long form: People's Republic of Bangladesh conventional short form: Bangladesh local long form: Gana Prajatantri Banladesh local short form: Banladesh former: East Bengal, East Pakistan
Barbados conventional long form: none conventional short form: Barbados
Bassas da India conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bassas da India
Belarus conventional long form: Republic of Belarus conventional short form: Belarus local long form: Respublika Byelarus' local short form: Byelarus' former: Belorussian (Byelorussian) Soviet Socialist Republic
Belgium conventional long form: Kingdom of Belgium conventional short form: Belgium local long form: Royaume de Belgique/Koninkrijk Belgie local short form: Belgique/Belgie
Belize conventional long form: none conventional short form: Belize former: British Honduras
Benin conventional long form: Republic of Benin conventional short form: Benin local long form: Republique du Benin local short form: Benin former: Dahomey
Bermuda conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bermuda former: Somers Islands
Bhutan conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan conventional short form: Bhutan local long form: Druk Gyalkhap local short form: Druk Yul
Bolivia conventional long form: Republic of Bolivia conventional short form: Bolivia local long form: Republica de Bolivia local short form: Bolivia
Bosnia and Herzegovina conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bosnia and Herzegovina local long form: none local short form: Bosna i Hercegovina former: People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Botswana conventional long form: Republic of Botswana conventional short form: Botswana local long form: Republic of Botswana local short form: Botswana former: Bechuanaland
Bouvet Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bouvet Island
Brazil conventional long form: Federative Republic of Brazil conventional short form: Brazil local long form: Republica Federativa do Brasil local short form: Brasil
British Indian Ocean Territory conventional long form: British Indian Ocean Territory conventional short form: none abbreviation: BIOT
British Virgin Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: British Virgin Islands abbreviation: BVI
Brunei conventional long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei local long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam local short form: Brunei
Bulgaria conventional long form: Republic of Bulgaria conventional short form: Bulgaria local long form: Republika Balgariya local short form: Balgariya
Burkina Faso conventional long form: none conventional short form: Burkina Faso local long form: none local short form: Burkina Faso former: Upper Volta, Republic of Upper Volta
Burma conventional long form: Union of Burma conventional short form: Burma local long form: Pyidaungzu Myanma Naingngandaw (translated by the US Government as Union of Myanma and by the Burmese as Union of Myanmar) local short form: Myanma Naingngandaw former: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma note: since 1989 the military authorities in Burma have promoted the name Myanmar as a conventional name for their state; this decision was not approved by any sitting legislature in Burma, and the US Government did not adopt the name, which is a derivative of the Burmese short-form name Myanma Naingngandaw
Burundi conventional long form: Republic of Burundi conventional short form: Burundi local long form: Republique du Burundi/Republika y'u Burundi local short form: Burundi former: Urundi
Cambodia conventional long form: Kingdom of Cambodia conventional short form: Cambodia local long form: Preahreacheanachakr Kampuchea (phonetic pronunciation) local short form: Kampuchea former: Kingdom of Cambodia, Khmer Republic, Democratic Kampuchea, People's Republic of Kampuchea, State of Cambodia
Cameroon conventional long form: Republic of Cameroon conventional short form: Cameroon local long form: Republique du Cameroun/Republic of Cameroon local short form: Cameroun/Cameroon former: French Cameroon, British Cameroon, Federal Republic of Cameroon, United Republic of Cameroon
Canada conventional long form: none conventional short form: Canada
Cape Verde conventional long form: Republic of Cape Verde conventional short form: Cape Verde local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde local short form: Cabo Verde
Cayman Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Cayman Islands
Central African Republic conventional long form: Central African Republic conventional short form: none local long form: Republique Centrafricaine local short form: none former: Ubangi-Shari, Central African Empire abbreviation: CAR
Chad conventional long form: Republic of Chad conventional short form: Chad local long form: Republique du Tchad/Jumhuriyat Tshad local short form: Tchad/Tshad
Chile conventional long form: Republic of Chile conventional short form: Chile local long form: Republica de Chile local short form: Chile
China conventional long form: People's Republic of China conventional short form: China local long form: Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo local short form: Zhongguo abbreviation: PRC
Christmas Island conventional long form: Territory of Christmas Island conventional short form: Christmas Island
Clipperton Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Clipperton Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Clipperton former: sometimes called Ile de la Passion
Cocos (Keeling) Islands conventional long form: Territory of Cocos (Keeling) Islands conventional short form: Cocos (Keeling) Islands
Colombia conventional long form: Republic of Colombia conventional short form: Colombia local long form: Republica de Colombia local short form: Colombia
Comoros conventional long form: Union of the Comoros conventional short form: Comoros local long form: Union des Comores local short form: Comores
Congo, Democratic Republic of the conventional long form: Democratic Republic of the Congo conventional short form: none local long form: Republique Democratique du Congo local short form: none former: Congo Free State, Belgian Congo, Congo/Leopoldville, Congo/Kinshasa, Zaire abbreviation: DRC
Congo, Republic of the conventional long form: Republic of the Congo conventional short form: Congo (Brazzaville) local long form: Republique du Congo local short form: none former: Middle Congo, Congo/Brazzaville, Congo
Cook Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Cook Islands former: Harvey Islands
Coral Sea Islands conventional long form: Coral Sea Islands Territory conventional short form: Coral Sea Islands
Costa Rica conventional long form: Republic of Costa Rica conventional short form: Costa Rica local long form: Republica de Costa Rica local short form: Costa Rica
Cote d'Ivoire conventional long form: Republic of Cote d'Ivoire conventional short form: Cote d'Ivoire local long form: Republique de Cote d'Ivoire local short form: Cote d'Ivoire former: Ivory Coast
Croatia conventional long form: Republic of Croatia conventional short form: Croatia local long form: Republika Hrvatska local short form: Hrvatska former: People's Republic of Croatia, Socialist Republic of Croatia
Cuba conventional long form: Republic of Cuba conventional short form: Cuba local long form: Republica de Cuba local short form: Cuba
Cyprus conventional long form: Republic of Cyprus conventional short form: Cyprus local long form: Kypriaki Dimokratia/Kibris Cumhuriyeti local short form: Kypros/Kibris note: the Turkish Cypriot community (north Cyprus) refers to itself as the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC)
Czech Republic conventional long form: Czech Republic conventional short form: Czech Republic local long form: Ceska Republika local short form: Cesko
Denmark conventional long form: Kingdom of Denmark conventional short form: Denmark local long form: Kongeriget Danmark local short form: Danmark
Dhekelia conventional long form: Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area conventional short form: Dhekelia
Djibouti conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti conventional short form: Djibouti local long form: Republique de Djibouti/Jumhuriyat Jibuti local short form: Djibouti/Jibuti former: French Territory of the Afars and Issas, French Somaliland
Dominica conventional long form: Commonwealth of Dominica conventional short form: Dominica
Dominican Republic conventional long form: Dominican Republic conventional short form: The Dominican local long form: Republica Dominicana local short form: La Dominicana
East Timor conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste conventional short form: East Timor local long form: Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste [Portuguese] local short form: Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Timor-Leste [Portuguese] former: Portuguese Timor
Ecuador conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador conventional short form: Ecuador local long form: Republica del Ecuador local short form: Ecuador
Egypt conventional long form: Arab Republic of Egypt conventional short form: Egypt local long form: Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah local short form: Misr former: United Arab Republic (with Syria)
El Salvador conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador conventional short form: El Salvador local long form: Republica de El Salvador local short form: El Salvador
Equatorial Guinea conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial Guinea conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial/Republique de Guinee equatoriale local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial/Guinee equatoriale former: Spanish Guinea
Eritrea conventional long form: State of Eritrea conventional short form: Eritrea local long form: Hagere Ertra local short form: Ertra former: Eritrea Autonomous Region in Ethiopia
Estonia conventional long form: Republic of Estonia conventional short form: Estonia local long form: Eesti Vabariik local short form: Eesti former: Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
Ethiopia conventional long form: Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia conventional short form: Ethiopia local long form: Ityop'iya Federalawi Demokrasiyawi Ripeblik local short form: Ityop'iya former: Abyssinia, Italian East Africa abbreviation: FDRE
Europa Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Europa Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Europa
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Faroe Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Faroe Islands local long form: none local short form: Foroyar
Fiji conventional long form: Republic of the Fiji Islands conventional short form: Fiji local long form: Republic of the Fiji Islands/Matanitu ko Viti local short form: Fiji/Viti
Finland conventional long form: Republic of Finland conventional short form: Finland local long form: Suomen tasavalta/Republiken Finland local short form: Suomi/Finland
France conventional long form: French Republic conventional short form: France local long form: Republique francaise local short form: France
French Guiana conventional long form: Department of Guiana conventional short form: French Guiana local long form: none local short form: Guyane
French Polynesia conventional long form: Overseas Lands of French Polynesia conventional short form: French Polynesia local long form: Pays d'outre-mer de la Polynesie Francaise local short form: Polynesie Francaise former: French Colony of Oceania
French Southern and Antarctic Lands conventional long form: Territory of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands conventional short form: French Southern and Antarctic Lands local long form: Territoire des Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises local short form: Terres Australes et Antarctiques Francaises abbreviation: TAAF
Gabon conventional long form: Gabonese Republic conventional short form: Gabon local long form: Republique gabonaise local short form: Gabon
Gambia, The conventional long form: Republic of The Gambia conventional short form: The Gambia
Gaza Strip conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gaza Strip local long form: none local short form: Qita Ghazzah
Georgia conventional long form: none conventional short form: Georgia local long form: none local short form: Sak'art'velo former: Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic
Germany conventional long form: Federal Republic of Germany conventional short form: Germany local long form: Bundesrepublik Deutschland local short form: Deutschland former: German Empire, German Republic, German Reich
Ghana conventional long form: Republic of Ghana conventional short form: Ghana former: Gold Coast
Gibraltar conventional long form: none conventional short form: Gibraltar
Glorioso Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Glorioso Islands local long form: none local short form: Iles Glorieuses
Greece conventional long form: Hellenic Republic conventional short form: Greece local long form: Elliniki Dhimokratia local short form: Ellas or Ellada former: Kingdom of Greece
Greenland conventional long form: none conventional short form: Greenland local long form: none local short form: Kalaallit Nunaat
Grenada conventional long form: none conventional short form: Grenada
Guadeloupe conventional long form: Department of Guadeloupe conventional short form: Guadeloupe local long form: Departement de la Guadeloupe local short form: Guadeloupe
Guam conventional long form: Territory of Guam conventional short form: Guam local long form: Guahan local short form: Guahan
Guatemala conventional long form: Republic of Guatemala conventional short form: Guatemala local long form: Republica de Guatemala local short form: Guatemala
Guernsey conventional long form: Bailiwick of Guernsey conventional short form: Guernsey
Guinea conventional long form: Republic of Guinea conventional short form: Guinea local long form: Republique de Guinee local short form: Guinee former: French Guinea
Guinea-Bissau conventional long form: Republic of Guinea-Bissau conventional short form: Guinea-Bissau local long form: Republica da Guine-Bissau local short form: Guine-Bissau former: Portuguese Guinea
Guyana conventional long form: Cooperative Republic of Guyana conventional short form: Guyana former: British Guiana
Haiti conventional long form: Republic of Haiti conventional short form: Haiti local long form: Republique d'Haiti/Repiblik d' Ayiti local short form: Haiti/Ayiti
Heard Island and McDonald Islands conventional long form: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands conventional short form: Heard Island and McDonald Islands abbreviation: HIMI
Holy See (Vatican City) conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)
Honduras conventional long form: Republic of Honduras conventional short form: Honduras local long form: Republica de Honduras local short form: Honduras
Hong Kong conventional long form: Hong Kong Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Hong Kong local long form: Xianggang Tebie Xingzhengqu local short form: Xianggang abbreviation: HK
Howland Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Howland Island
Hungary conventional long form: Republic of Hungary conventional short form: Hungary local long form: Magyar Koztarsasag local short form: Magyarorszag
Iceland conventional long form: Republic of Iceland conventional short form: Iceland local long form: Lydveldid Island local short form: Island
Iles Eparses conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bassas da India, Europa Island, Glorioso Islands, Juan de Nova Island, Tromelin Island local long form: none local short form: Bassas da India, Ile Europa, Iles Glorieuses, Ile Juan de Nova, Ile Tromelin
India conventional long form: Republic of India conventional short form: India local long form: Republic of India/Bharatiya Ganarajya local short form: India/Bharat
Indonesia conventional long form: Republic of Indonesia conventional short form: Indonesia local long form: Republik Indonesia local short form: Indonesia former: Netherlands East Indies; Dutch East Indies
Iran conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Iran conventional short form: Iran local long form: Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Iran local short form: Iran former: Persia
Iraq conventional long form: Republic of Iraq conventional short form: Iraq local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah local short form: Al Iraq
Ireland conventional long form: none conventional short form: Ireland local long form: none local short form: Eire
Isle of Man conventional long form: none conventional short form: Isle of Man
Israel conventional long form: State of Israel conventional short form: Israel local long form: Medinat Yisra'el local short form: Yisra'el
Italy conventional long form: Italian Republic conventional short form: Italy local long form: Repubblica Italiana local short form: Italia former: Kingdom of Italy
Jamaica conventional long form: none conventional short form: Jamaica
Jan Mayen conventional long form: none conventional short form: Jan Mayen
Japan conventional long form: none conventional short form: Japan local long form: Nihon-koku/Nippon-koku local short form: Nihon/Nippon
Jarvis Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Jarvis Island
Jersey conventional long form: Bailiwick of Jersey conventional short form: Jersey
Johnston Atoll conventional long form: none conventional short form: Johnston Atoll
Jordan conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan conventional short form: Jordan local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah local short form: Al Urdun former: Transjordan
Juan de Nova Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Juan de Nova Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Juan de Nova
Kazakhstan conventional long form: Republic of Kazakhstan conventional short form: Kazakhstan local long form: Qazaqstan Respublikasy local short form: Qazaqstan former: Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic
Kenya conventional long form: Republic of Kenya conventional short form: Kenya local long form: Republic of Kenya/Jamhuri y Kenya local short form: Kenya former: British East Africa
Kingman Reef conventional long form: none conventional short form: Kingman Reef
Kiribati conventional long form: Republic of Kiribati conventional short form: Kiribati local long form: Republic of Kiribati local short form: Kiribati note: pronounced keer-ree-bahss former: Gilbert Islands
Korea, North conventional long form: Democratic People's Republic of Korea conventional short form: North Korea local long form: Choson-minjujuui-inmin-konghwaguk local short form: Choson abbreviation: DPRK
Korea, South conventional long form: Republic of Korea conventional short form: South Korea local long form: Taehan-min'guk local short form: Han'guk abbreviation: ROK
Kuwait conventional long form: State of Kuwait conventional short form: Kuwait local long form: Dawlat al Kuwayt local short form: Al Kuwayt
Kyrgyzstan conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy local short form: Kyrgyzstan former: Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic
Laos conventional long form: Lao People's Democratic Republic conventional short form: Laos PDR or Laos local long form: Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao local short form: none
Latvia conventional long form: Republic of Latvia conventional short form: Latvia local long form: Latvijas Republika local short form: Latvija former: Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic
Lebanon conventional long form: Lebanese Republic conventional short form: Lebanon local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Lubnaniyah local short form: Lubnan former: Greater Lebanon
Lesotho conventional long form: Kingdom of Lesotho conventional short form: Lesotho local long form: Kingdom of Lesotho local short form: Lesotho former: Basutoland
Liberia conventional long form: Republic of Liberia conventional short form: Liberia
Libya conventional long form: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya conventional short form: Libya local long form: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma local short form: none
Liechtenstein conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein conventional short form: Liechtenstein local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein local short form: Liechtenstein
Lithuania conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania conventional short form: Lithuania local long form: Lietuvos Respublika local short form: Lietuva former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
Luxembourg conventional long form: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg conventional short form: Luxembourg local long form: Grand Duche de Luxembourg local short form: Luxembourg
Macau conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Macedonia conventional long form: Republic of Macedonia conventional short form: Macedonia local long form: Republika Makedonija local short form: Makedonija note: the provisional designation used by the UN, EU, and NATO is Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) former: People's Republic of Macedonia, Socialist Republic of Macedonia
Madagascar conventional long form: Republic of Madagascar conventional short form: Madagascar local long form: Republique de Madagascar/Repoblikan'i Madagasikara local short form: Madagascar/Madagasikara former: Malagasy Republic
Malawi conventional long form: Republic of Malawi conventional short form: Malawi local long form: Dziko la Malawi local short form: Malawi former: British Central African Protectorate, Nyasaland Protectorate, Nyasaland
Malaysia conventional long form: none conventional short form: Malaysia local long form: none local short form: Malaysia former: Federation of Malaysia
Maldives conventional long form: Republic of Maldives conventional short form: Maldives local long form: Dhivehi Raajjeyge Jumhooriyyaa local short form: Dhivehi Raajje
Mali conventional long form: Republic of Mali conventional short form: Mali local long form: Republique de Mali local short form: Mali former: French Sudan and Sudanese Republic
Malta conventional long form: Republic of Malta conventional short form: Malta local long form: Repubblika ta' Malta local short form: Malta
Marshall Islands conventional long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands conventional short form: Marshall Islands local long form: Republic of the Marshall Islands local short form: Marshall Islands abbreviation: RMI former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Marshall Islands District
Martinique conventional long form: Department of Martinique conventional short form: Martinique local long form: Departement de la Martinique local short form: Martinique
Mauritania conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Mauritania conventional short form: Mauritania local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Islamiyah al Muritaniyah local short form: Muritaniyah
Mauritius conventional long form: Republic of Mauritius conventional short form: Mauritius local long form: Republic of Mauritius local short form: Mauritius
Mayotte conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Mayotte conventional short form: Mayotte
Mexico conventional long form: United Mexican States conventional short form: Mexico local long form: Estados Unidos Mexicanos local short form: Mexico
Micronesia, Federated States of conventional long form: Federated States of Micronesia conventional short form: none local long form: Federated States of Micronesia local short form: none former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts abbreviation: FSM
Midway Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Midway Islands
Moldova conventional long form: Republic of Moldova conventional short form: Moldova local long form: Republica Moldova local short form: Moldova former: Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic; Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic
Monaco conventional long form: Principality of Monaco conventional short form: Monaco local long form: Principaute de Monaco local short form: Monaco
Mongolia conventional long form: none conventional short form: Mongolia local long form: none local short form: Mongol Uls former: Outer Mongolia
Montenegro conventional long form: Republic of Montenegro conventional short form: Montenegro local long form: Republika Crna Gora local short form: Crna Gora former: People's Republic of Montenegro, Socialist Republic of Montenegro
Montserrat conventional long form: none conventional short form: Montserrat
Morocco conventional long form: Kingdom of Morocco conventional short form: Morocco local long form: Al Mamlakah al Maghribiyah local short form: Al Maghrib
Mozambique conventional long form: Republic of Mozambique conventional short form: Mozambique local long form: Republica de Mocambique local short form: Mocambique former: Portuguese East Africa
Namibia conventional long form: Republic of Namibia conventional short form: Namibia local long form: Republic of Namibia local short form: Namibia former: German Southwest Africa, South-West Africa
Nauru conventional long form: Republic of Nauru conventional short form: Nauru local long form: Republic of Nauru local short form: Nauru former: Pleasant Island
Navassa Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Navassa Island
Nepal conventional long and short form: Nepal local long and short form: Nepal
Netherlands conventional long form: Kingdom of the Netherlands conventional short form: Netherlands local long form: Koninkrijk der Nederlanden local short form: Nederland
Netherlands Antilles conventional long form: none conventional short form: Netherlands Antilles local long form: none local short form: Nederlandse Antillen former: Curacao and Dependencies
New Caledonia conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies conventional short form: New Caledonia local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie
New Zealand conventional long form: none conventional short form: New Zealand abbreviation: NZ
Nicaragua conventional long form: Republic of Nicaragua conventional short form: Nicaragua local long form: Republica de Nicaragua local short form: Nicaragua
Niger conventional long form: Republic of Niger conventional short form: Niger local long form: Republique du Niger local short form: Niger
Nigeria conventional long form: Federal Republic of Nigeria conventional short form: Nigeria
Niue conventional long form: none conventional short form: Niue former: Savage Island
Norfolk Island conventional long form: Territory of Norfolk Island conventional short form: Norfolk Island
Northern Mariana Islands conventional long form: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands conventional short form: Northern Mariana Islands abbreviation: CNMI former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Mariana Islands District
Norway conventional long form: Kingdom of Norway conventional short form: Norway local long form: Kongeriket Norge local short form: Norge
Oman conventional long form: Sultanate of Oman conventional short form: Oman local long form: Saltanat Uman local short form: Uman former: Muscat and Oman
Pakistan conventional long form: Islamic Republic of Pakistan conventional short form: Pakistan local long form: Jamhuryat Islami Pakistan local short form: Pakistan former: West Pakistan
Palau conventional long form: Republic of Palau conventional short form: Palau local long form: Beluu er a Belau local short form: Belau former: Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, Palau District
Palmyra Atoll conventional long form: none conventional short form: Palmyra Atoll
Panama conventional long form: Republic of Panama conventional short form: Panama local long form: Republica de Panama local short form: Panama
Papua New Guinea conventional long form: Independent State of Papua New Guinea conventional short form: Papua New Guinea local short form: Papuaniugini former: Territory of Papua and New Guinea abbreviation: PNG
Paracel Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Paracel Islands
Paraguay conventional long form: Republic of Paraguay conventional short form: Paraguay local long form: Republica del Paraguay local short form: Paraguay
Peru conventional long form: Republic of Peru conventional short form: Peru local long form: Republica del Peru local short form: Peru
Philippines conventional long form: Republic of the Philippines conventional short form: Philippines local long form: Republika ng Pilipinas local short form: Pilipinas
Pitcairn Islands conventional long form: Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie, and Oeno Islands conventional short form: Pitcairn Islands
Poland conventional long form: Republic of Poland conventional short form: Poland local long form: Rzeczpospolita Polska local short form: Polska
Portugal conventional long form: Portuguese Republic conventional short form: Portugal local long form: Republica Portuguesa local short form: Portugal
Puerto Rico conventional long form: Commonwealth of Puerto Rico conventional short form: Puerto Rico
Qatar conventional long form: State of Qatar conventional short form: Qatar local long form: Dawlat Qatar local short form: Qatar note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar
Reunion conventional long form: Department of Reunion conventional short form: Reunion local long form: none local short form: Ile de la Reunion former: Bourbon Island
Romania conventional long form: none conventional short form: Romania local long form: none local short form: Romania
Russia conventional long form: Russian Federation conventional short form: Russia local long form: Rossiyskaya Federatsiya local short form: Rossiya former: Russian Empire, Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
Rwanda conventional long form: Republic of Rwanda conventional short form: Rwanda local long form: Republika y'u Rwanda local short form: Rwanda former: Ruanda, German East Africa
Saint Helena conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Helena
Saint Kitts and Nevis conventional long form: Federation of Saint Kitts and Nevis conventional short form: Saint Kitts and Nevis former: Federation of Saint Christopher and Nevis
Saint Lucia conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Lucia
Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional long form: Territorial Collectivity of Saint Pierre and Miquelon conventional short form: Saint Pierre and Miquelon local long form: Departement de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon local short form: Saint-Pierre et Miquelon
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines conventional long form: none conventional short form: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Samoa conventional long form: Independent State of Samoa conventional short form: Samoa local long form: Malo Sa'oloto Tuto'atasi o Samoa local short form: Samoa former: Western Samoa
San Marino conventional long form: Republic of San Marino conventional short form: San Marino local long form: Repubblica di San Marino local short form: San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe local short form: Sao Tome e Principe
Saudi Arabia conventional long form: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia conventional short form: Saudi Arabia local long form: Al Mamlakah al Arabiyah as Suudiyah local short form: Al Arabiyah as Suudiyah
Senegal conventional long form: Republic of Senegal conventional short form: Senegal local long form: Republique du Senegal local short form: Senegal former: Senegambia (along with The Gambia); Mali Federation
Serbia conventional long form: Republic of Serbia conventional short form: Serbia local long form: Republika Srbija local short form: Srbija former: People's Republic of Serbia, Socialist Republic of Serbia
Seychelles conventional long form: Republic of Seychelles conventional short form: Seychelles local long form: Republic of Seychelles local short form: Seychelles
Sierra Leone conventional long form: Republic of Sierra Leone conventional short form: Sierra Leone local long form: Republic of Sierra Leone local short form: Sierra Leone
Singapore conventional long form: Republic of Singapore conventional short form: Singapore local long form: Republic of Singapore local short form: Singapore
Slovakia conventional long form: Slovak Republic conventional short form: Slovakia local long form: Slovenska Republika local short form: Slovensko
Slovenia conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia conventional short form: Slovenia local long form: Republika Slovenija local short form: Slovenija former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia
Solomon Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Solomon Islands local long form: none local short form: Solomon Islands former: British Solomon Islands
Somalia conventional long form: none conventional short form: Somalia local long form: Jamhuuriyada Demuqraadiga Soomaaliyeed local short form: Soomaaliya former: Somali Republic; Somali Democratic Republic
South Africa conventional long form: Republic of South Africa conventional short form: South Africa former: Union of South Africa abbreviation: RSA
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none abbreviation: SGSSI
Spain conventional long form: Kingdom of Spain conventional short form: Spain local long form: Reino de Espana local short form: Espana
Spratly Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Spratly Islands
Sri Lanka conventional long form: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka conventional short form: Sri Lanka local long form: Shri Lamka Prajatantrika Samajaya di Janarajaya/Ilankai Jananayaka Choshalichak Kutiyarachu local short form: Shri Lamka/Ilankai former: Serendib, Ceylon
Sudan conventional long form: Republic of the Sudan conventional short form: Sudan local long form: Jumhuriyat as-Sudan local short form: As-Sudan former: Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
Suriname conventional long form: Republic of Suriname conventional short form: Suriname local long form: Republiek Suriname local short form: Suriname former: Netherlands Guiana, Dutch Guiana
Svalbard conventional long form: none conventional short form: Svalbard (sometimes referred to as Spitzbergen)
Swaziland conventional long form: Kingdom of Swaziland conventional short form: Swaziland local long form: Umbuso weSwatini local short form: eSwatini
Sweden conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden conventional short form: Sweden local long form: Konungariket Sverige local short form: Sverige
Switzerland conventional long form: Swiss Confederation conventional short form: Switzerland local long form: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German); Confederation Suisse (French); Confederazione Svizzera (Italian) local short form: Schweiz (German); Suisse (French); Svizzera (Italian)
Syria conventional long form: Syrian Arab Republic conventional short form: Syria local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Arabiyah as Suriyah local short form: Suriyah former: United Arab Republic (with Egypt)
Taiwan conventional long form: none conventional short form: Taiwan local long form: none local short form: T'ai-wan former: Formosa
Tajikistan conventional long form: Republic of Tajikistan conventional short form: Tajikistan local long form: Jumhurii Tojikiston local short form: Tojikiston former: Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic
Tanzania conventional long form: United Republic of Tanzania conventional short form: Tanzania local long form: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania local short form: Tanzania former: United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar
Thailand conventional long form: Kingdom of Thailand conventional short form: Thailand local long form: Ratcha Anachak Thai local short form: Prathet Thai former: Siam
Togo conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland
Tokelau conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tokelau
Tonga conventional long form: Kingdom of Tonga conventional short form: Tonga local long form: Pule'anga Tonga local short form: Tonga former: Friendly Islands
Trinidad and Tobago conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago
Tromelin Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tromelin Island local long form: none local short form: Ile Tromelin
Tunisia conventional long form: Tunisian Republic conventional short form: Tunisia local long form: Al Jumhuriyah at Tunisiyah local short form: Tunis
Turkey conventional long form: Republic of Turkey conventional short form: Turkey local long form: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti local short form: Turkiye
Turkmenistan conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turkmenistan local long form: none local short form: Turkmenistan former: Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic
Turks and Caicos Islands conventional long form: none conventional short form: Turks and Caicos Islands abbreviation: TCI
Tuvalu conventional long form: none conventional short form: Tuvalu local long form: none local short form: Tuvalu former: Ellice Islands note: "Tuvalu" means "group of eight," referring to the country's eight traditionally inhabited islands
Uganda conventional long form: Republic of Uganda conventional short form: Uganda
Ukraine conventional long form: none conventional short form: Ukraine local long form: none local short form: Ukrayina former: Ukrainian National Republic, Ukrainian State, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
United Arab Emirates conventional long form: United Arab Emirates conventional short form: none local long form: Al Imarat al Arabiyah al Muttahidah local short form: none former: Trucial Oman, Trucial States abbreviation: UAE
United Kingdom conventional long form: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; note - Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales conventional short form: United Kingdom abbreviation: UK
United States conventional long form: United States of America conventional short form: United States abbreviation: US or USA
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges conventional long form: none conventional short form: Baker Island; Howland Island; Jarvis Island; Johnston Atoll; Kingman Reef; Midway Islands; Palmyra Atoll
Uruguay conventional long form: Oriental Republic of Uruguay conventional short form: Uruguay local long form: Republica Oriental del Uruguay local short form: Uruguay former: Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province
Uzbekistan conventional long form: Republic of Uzbekistan conventional short form: Uzbekistan local long form: Ozbekiston Respublikasi local short form: Ozbekiston former: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic
Vanuatu conventional long form: Republic of Vanuatu conventional short form: Vanuatu local long form: Ripablik blong Vanuatu local short form: Vanuatu former: New Hebrides
Venezuela conventional long form: Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela conventional short form: Venezuela local long form: Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela local short form: Venezuela
Vietnam conventional long form: Socialist Republic of Vietnam conventional short form: Vietnam local long form: Cong Hoa Xa Hoi Chu Nghia Viet Nam local short form: Viet Nam abbreviation: SRV
Virgin Islands conventional long form: United States Virgin Islands conventional short form: Virgin Islands former: Danish West Indies abbreviation: USVI
Wake Island conventional long form: none conventional short form: Wake Island
Wallis and Futuna conventional long form: Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands conventional short form: Wallis and Futuna local long form: Territoire des Iles Wallis et Futuna local short form: Wallis et Futuna
West Bank conventional long form: none conventional short form: West Bank
Western Sahara conventional long form: none conventional short form: Western Sahara former: Spanish Sahara
Yemen conventional long form: Republic of Yemen conventional short form: Yemen local long form: Al Jumhuriyah al Yamaniyah local short form: Al Yaman former: Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]
Zambia conventional long form: Republic of Zambia conventional short form: Zambia former: Northern Rhodesia
Zimbabwe conventional long form: Republic of Zimbabwe conventional short form: Zimbabwe former: Southern Rhodesia, Rhodesia
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
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@2144 Location
Afghanistan Southern Asia, north and west of Pakistan, east of Iran
Akrotiri peninsula on the southwest coast of Cyprus
Albania Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Ionian Sea, between Greece and Serbia and Montenegro
Algeria Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Morocco and Tunisia
American Samoa Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and New Zealand
Andorra Southwestern Europe, between France and Spain
Angola Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Namibia and Democratic Republic of the Congo
Anguilla Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico
Antarctica continent mostly south of the Antarctic Circle
Antigua and Barbuda Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east-southeast of Puerto Rico
Arctic Ocean body of water between Europe, Asia, and North America, mostly north of the Arctic Circle
Argentina Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay
Armenia Southwestern Asia, east of Turkey
Aruba Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, north of Venezuela
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island
Atlantic Ocean body of water between Africa, Europe, the Southern Ocean, and the Western Hemisphere
Australia Oceania, continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean
Austria Central Europe, north of Italy and Slovenia
Azerbaijan Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range
Bahamas, The Caribbean, chain of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Florida, northeast of Cuba
Bahrain Middle East, archipelago in the Persian Gulf, east of Saudi Arabia
Baker Island Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and Australia
Bangladesh Southern Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and India
Barbados Caribbean, island in the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Bassas da India Southern Africa, islands in the southern Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from Madagascar to Mozambique
Belarus Eastern Europe, east of Poland
Belgium Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between France and the Netherlands
Belize Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Mexico
Benin Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Nigeria and Togo
Bermuda North America, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, east of South Carolina (US)
Bhutan Southern Asia, between China and India
Bolivia Central South America, southwest of Brazil
Bosnia and Herzegovina Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea and Croatia
Botswana Southern Africa, north of South Africa
Bouvet Island island in the South Atlantic Ocean, southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)
Brazil Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean
British Indian Ocean Territory archipelago in the Indian Ocean, south of India, about one-half the way from Africa to Indonesia
British Virgin Islands Caribbean, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico
Brunei Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Bulgaria Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Romania and Turkey
Burkina Faso Western Africa, north of Ghana
Burma Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Bangladesh and Thailand
Burundi Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Cambodia Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, between Thailand, Vietnam, and Laos
Cameroon Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Equatorial Guinea and Nigeria
Canada Northern North America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean on the east, North Pacific Ocean on the west, and the Arctic Ocean on the north, north of the conterminous US
Cape Verde Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal
Cayman Islands Caribbean, three island (Grand Cayman, Cayman Brac, Little Cayman) group in Caribbean Sea, 240 km south of Cuba and 268 km northwest of Jamaica
Central African Republic Central Africa, north of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Chad Central Africa, south of Libya
Chile Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Argentina and Peru
China Eastern Asia, bordering the East China Sea, Korea Bay, Yellow Sea, and South China Sea, between North Korea and Vietnam
Christmas Island Southeastern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of Indonesia
Clipperton Island Middle America, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, 1,120 km southwest of Mexico
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Southeastern Asia, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, southwest of Indonesia, about halfway from Australia to Sri Lanka
Colombia Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama
Comoros Southern Africa, group of islands at the northern mouth of the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Central Africa, northeast of Angola
Congo, Republic of the Western Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and Gabon
Cook Islands Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Coral Sea Islands Oceania, islands in the Coral Sea, northeast of Australia
Costa Rica Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Nicaragua and Panama
Cote d'Ivoire Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ghana and Liberia
Croatia Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia
Cuba Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida
Cyprus Middle East, island in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Turkey
Czech Republic Central Europe, southeast of Germany
Denmark Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaelland and Fyn)
Dhekelia on the southeast coast of Cyprus near Famagusta
Djibouti Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia
Dominica Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago
Dominican Republic Caribbean, eastern two-thirds of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Haiti
East Timor Southeastern Asia, northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago; note - East Timor includes the eastern half of the island of Timor, the Oecussi (Ambeno) region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Pulau Atauro and Pulau Jaco
Ecuador Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru
Egypt Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip, and the Red Sea north of Sudan, and includes the Asian Sinai Peninsula
El Salvador Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras
Equatorial Guinea Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon
Eritrea Eastern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Djibouti and Sudan
Estonia Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia
Ethiopia Eastern Africa, west of Somalia
Europa Island Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about half way between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique
European Union Europe between Belarus, Ukraine, Russia, southeastern Europe, and the North Atlantic Ocean
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Faroe Islands Northern Europe, island group between the Norwegian Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, about one-half of the way from Iceland to Norway
Fiji Oceania, island group in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Finland Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia
France Western Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay and English Channel, between Belgium and Spain, southeast of the UK; bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Italy and Spain
French Guiana Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Brazil and Suriname
French Polynesia Oceania, archipelagoes in the South Pacific Ocean about one-half of the way from South America to Australia
French Southern and Antarctic Lands southeast of Africa, islands in the southern Indian Ocean, about equidistant between Africa, Antarctica, and Australia; note - French Southern and Antarctic Lands include Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen in the southern Indian Ocean, along with the French-claimed sector of Antarctica, "Adelie Land"; the US does not recognize the French claim to "Adelie Land"
Gabon Western Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea
Gambia, The Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and Senegal
Gaza Strip Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Israel
Georgia Southwestern Asia, bordering the Black Sea, between Turkey and Russia
Germany Central Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, between the Netherlands and Poland, south of Denmark
Ghana Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Cote d'Ivoire and Togo
Gibraltar Southwestern Europe, bordering the Strait of Gibraltar, which links the Mediterranean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southern coast of Spain
Glorioso Islands Southern Africa, group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar
Greece Southern Europe, bordering the Aegean Sea, Ionian Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea, between Albania and Turkey
Greenland Northern North America, island between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada
Grenada Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Guadeloupe Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of Puerto Rico
Guam Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines
Guatemala Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between El Salvador and Mexico, and bordering the Gulf of Honduras (Caribbean Sea) between Honduras and Belize
Guernsey Western Europe, islands in the English Channel, northwest of France
Guinea Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Sierra Leone
Guinea-Bissau Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Senegal
Guyana Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Suriname and Venezuela
Haiti Caribbean, western one-third of the island of Hispaniola, between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of the Dominican Republic
Heard Island and McDonald Islands islands in the Indian Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica
Holy See (Vatican City) Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)
Honduras Central America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Guatemala and Nicaragua and bordering the Gulf of Fonseca (North Pacific Ocean), between El Salvador and Nicaragua
Hong Kong Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Howland Island Oceania, island in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and Australia
Hungary Central Europe, northwest of Romania
Iceland Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the UK
Iles Eparses Southern Africa, in the Indian Ocean Bassas da India: atoll in the southern Mozambique Channel, about half way from Madagascar to Mozambique Europa Island: island in the Mozambique Channel, about half way between southern Madagascar and southern Mozambique Glorioso Islands: group of islands in the Indian Ocean, northwest of Madagascar Juan de Nova Island: island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique Tromelin Island: island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
India Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan
Indian Ocean body of water between Africa, the Southern Ocean, Asia, and Australia
Indonesia Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean
Iran Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman, the Persian Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, between Iraq and Pakistan
Iraq Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iran and Kuwait
Ireland Western Europe, occupying five-sixths of the island of Ireland in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Great Britain
Isle of Man Western Europe, island in the Irish Sea, between Great Britain and Ireland
Israel Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Lebanon
Italy Southern Europe, a peninsula extending into the central Mediterranean Sea, northeast of Tunisia
Jamaica Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, south of Cuba
Jan Mayen Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the Norwegian Sea, northeast of Iceland
Japan Eastern Asia, island chain between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan, east of the Korean Peninsula
Jarvis Island Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and the Cook Islands
Jersey Western Europe, island in the English Channel, northwest of France
Johnston Atoll Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 717 nm (1328 km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands
Jordan Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia
Juan de Nova Island Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-third of the way between Madagascar and Mozambique
Kazakhstan Central Asia, northwest of China; a small portion west of the Ural River in eastern-most Europe
Kenya Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Somalia and Tanzania
Kingman Reef Oceania, reef in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and American Samoa
Kiribati Oceania, group of 33 coral atolls in the Pacific Ocean, straddling the Equator; the capital Tarawa is about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia; note - on 1 January 1995, Kiribati proclaimed that all of its territory lies in the same time zone as its Gilbert Islands group (GMT +12) even though the Phoenix Islands and the Line Islands under its jurisdiction lie on the other side of the International Date Line
Korea, North Eastern Asia, northern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Korea Bay and the Sea of Japan, between China and South Korea
Korea, South Eastern Asia, southern half of the Korean Peninsula bordering the Sea of Japan and the Yellow Sea
Kuwait Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf, between Iraq and Saudi Arabia
Kyrgyzstan Central Asia, west of China
Laos Southeastern Asia, northeast of Thailand, west of Vietnam
Latvia Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Estonia and Lithuania
Lebanon Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria
Lesotho Southern Africa, an enclave of South Africa
Liberia Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Cote d'Ivoire and Sierra Leone
Libya Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia
Liechtenstein Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland
Lithuania Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia
Luxembourg Western Europe, between France and Germany
Macau Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Macedonia Southeastern Europe, north of Greece
Madagascar Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Mozambique
Malawi Southern Africa, east of Zambia
Malaysia Southeastern Asia, peninsula bordering Thailand and northern one-third of the island of Borneo, bordering Indonesia, Brunei, and the South China Sea, south of Vietnam
Maldives Southern Asia, group of atolls in the Indian Ocean, south-southwest of India
Mali Western Africa, southwest of Algeria
Malta Southern Europe, islands in the Mediterranean Sea, south of Sicily (Italy)
Marshall Islands Oceania, two archipelagic island chains of 29 atolls, each made up of many small islets, and five single islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Martinique Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Mauritania Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Senegal and Western Sahara
Mauritius Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Mayotte Southern Africa, island in the Mozambique Channel, about one-half of the way from northern Madagascar to northern Mozambique
Mexico Middle America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico, between Belize and the US and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the US
Micronesia, Federated States of Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia
Midway Islands Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about one-third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo
Moldova Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania
Monaco Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Mongolia Northern Asia, between China and Russia
Montenegro Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia
Montserrat Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, southeast of Puerto Rico
Morocco Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Western Sahara
Mozambique Southeastern Africa, bordering the Mozambique Channel, between South Africa and Tanzania
Namibia Southern Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and South Africa
Nauru Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, south of the Marshall Islands
Navassa Island Caribbean, island in the Caribbean Sea, 35 miles west of Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti
Nepal Southern Asia, between China and India
Netherlands Western Europe, bordering the North Sea, between Belgium and Germany
Netherlands Antilles Caribbean, two island groups in the Caribbean Sea - composed of five islands, Curacao and Bonaire located off the coast of Venezuela, and St. Maarten, Saba, and St. Eustatius lie east of the US Virgin Islands
New Caledonia Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
New Zealand Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia
Nicaragua Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Costa Rica and Honduras
Niger Western Africa, southeast of Algeria
Nigeria Western Africa, bordering the Gulf of Guinea, between Benin and Cameroon
Niue Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Tonga
Norfolk Island Oceania, island in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Northern Mariana Islands Oceania, islands in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to the Philippines
Norway Northern Europe, bordering the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Sweden
Oman Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and UAE
Pacific Ocean body of water between the Southern Ocean, Asia, Australia, and the Western Hemisphere
Pakistan Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea, between India on the east and Iran and Afghanistan on the west and China in the north
Palau Oceania, group of islands in the North Pacific Ocean, southeast of the Philippines
Palmyra Atoll Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about half way between Hawaii and American Samoa
Panama Central America, bordering both the Caribbean Sea and the North Pacific Ocean, between Colombia and Costa Rica
Papua New Guinea Oceania, group of islands including the eastern half of the island of New Guinea between the Coral Sea and the South Pacific Ocean, east of Indonesia
Paracel Islands Southeastern Asia, group of small islands and reefs in the South China Sea, about one-third of the way from central Vietnam to the northern Philippines
Paraguay Central South America, northeast of Argentina
Peru Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador
Philippines Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Philippine Sea and the South China Sea, east of Vietnam
Pitcairn Islands Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about midway between Peru and New Zealand
Poland Central Europe, east of Germany
Portugal Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain
Puerto Rico Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of the Dominican Republic
Qatar Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
Reunion Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Romania Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine
Russia Northern Asia (the area west of the Urals is considered part of Europe), bordering the Arctic Ocean, between Europe and the North Pacific Ocean
Rwanda Central Africa, east of Democratic Republic of the Congo
Saint Helena islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between South America and Africa; Ascension Island lies 700 nm northwest of Saint Helena; Tristan da Cunha lies 2300 nm southwest of Saint Helena
Saint Kitts and Nevis Caribbean, islands in the Caribbean Sea, about one-third of the way from Puerto Rico to Trinidad and Tobago
Saint Lucia Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Saint Pierre and Miquelon Northern North America, islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, south of Newfoundland (Canada)
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and North Atlantic Ocean, north of Trinidad and Tobago
Samoa Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
San Marino Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Sao Tome and Principe Western Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, straddling the Equator, west of Gabon
Saudi Arabia Middle East, bordering the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea, north of Yemen
Senegal Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea-Bissau and Mauritania
Serbia Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary
Seychelles archipelago in the Indian Ocean, northeast of Madagascar
Sierra Leone Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Guinea and Liberia
Singapore Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia
Slovakia Central Europe, south of Poland
Slovenia Central Europe, eastern Alps bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Austria and Croatia
Solomon Islands Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Papua New Guinea
Somalia Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia
South Africa Southern Africa, at the southern tip of the continent of Africa
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America
Southern Ocean body of water between 60 degrees south latitude and Antarctica
Spain Southwestern Europe, bordering the Bay of Biscay, Mediterranean Sea, North Atlantic Ocean, and Pyrenees Mountains, southwest of France
Spratly Islands Southeastern Asia, group of reefs and islands in the South China Sea, about two-thirds of the way from southern Vietnam to the southern Philippines
Sri Lanka Southern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of India
Sudan Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea
Suriname Northern South America, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between French Guiana and Guyana
Svalbard Northern Europe, islands between the Arctic Ocean, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, and Norwegian Sea, north of Norway
Swaziland Southern Africa, between Mozambique and South Africa
Sweden Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
Switzerland Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy
Syria Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Lebanon and Turkey
Taiwan Eastern Asia, islands bordering the East China Sea, Philippine Sea, South China Sea, and Taiwan Strait, north of the Philippines, off the southeastern coast of China
Tajikistan Central Asia, west of China
Tanzania Eastern Africa, bordering the Indian Ocean, between Kenya and Mozambique
Thailand Southeastern Asia, bordering the Andaman Sea and the Gulf of Thailand, southeast of Burma
Togo Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
Tokelau Oceania, group of three atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Tonga Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
Trinidad and Tobago Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Tromelin Island Southern Africa, island in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar
Tunisia Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Algeria and Libya
Turkey Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia (that portion of Turkey west of the Bosporus is geographically part of Europe), bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Georgia, and bordering the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, between Greece and Syria
Turkmenistan Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
Turks and Caicos Islands Caribbean, two island groups in the North Atlantic Ocean, southeast of The Bahamas, north of Haiti
Tuvalu Oceania, island group consisting of nine coral atolls in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Uganda Eastern Africa, west of Kenya
Ukraine Eastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Poland, Romania, and Moldova in the west and Russia in the east
United Arab Emirates Middle East, bordering the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
United Kingdom Western Europe, islands including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France
United States North America, bordering both the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Pacific Ocean, between Canada and Mexico
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Oceania Baker Island: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 1,830 nm (3,389 km) southwest of Honolulu, about half way between Hawaii and Australia Howland Island: island in the North Pacific Ocean 1,815 nm (3,361 km) southwest of Honolulu, about half way between Hawaii and Australia Jarvis Island: island in the South Pacific Ocean 1,305 nm (2,417 km) south of Honolulu, about half way between Hawaii and the Cook Islands Johnston Atoll: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 717 nm (1,328 km) southwest of Honolulu, about one-third of the way from Hawaii to the Marshall Islands Kingman Reef: reef in the North Pacific Ocean 930 nm (1,722 km) south of Honolulu, about half way between Hawaii and American Samoa Midway Islands: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 1,260 nm (2,334 km) northwest of Honolulu near the end of the Hawaiian Archipelago, about one-third of the way from Honolulu to Tokyo Palmyra Atoll: atoll in the North Pacific Ocean 960 nm (1,778 km) south of Honolulu, about half way between Hawaii and American Samoa
Uruguay Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil
Uzbekistan Central Asia, north of Afghanistan
Vanuatu Oceania, group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Australia
Venezuela Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, between Colombia and Guyana
Vietnam Southeastern Asia, bordering the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea, alongside China, Laos, and Cambodia
Virgin Islands Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, east of Puerto Rico
Wake Island Oceania, atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to the Northern Mariana Islands
Wallis and Futuna Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, about two-thirds of the way from Hawaii to New Zealand
West Bank Middle East, west of Jordan
Western Sahara Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco
Yemen Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Aden, and Red Sea, between Oman and Saudi Arabia
Zambia Southern Africa, east of Angola
Zimbabwe Southern Africa, between South Africa and Zambia
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
======================================================================
@2145 Map references
Afghanistan Asia
Akrotiri Middle East
Albania Europe
Algeria Africa
American Samoa Oceania
Andorra Europe
Angola Africa
Anguilla Central America and the Caribbean
Antarctica Antarctic Region
Antigua and Barbuda Central America and the Caribbean
Arctic Ocean Arctic Region
Argentina South America
Armenia Asia
Aruba Central America and the Caribbean
Ashmore and Cartier Islands Southeast Asia
Atlantic Ocean Political Map of the World
Australia Oceania
Austria Europe
Azerbaijan Asia
Bahamas, The Central America and the Caribbean
Bahrain Middle East
Baker Island Oceania
Bangladesh Asia
Barbados Central America and the Caribbean
Bassas da India Africa
Belarus Europe
Belgium Europe
Belize Central America and the Caribbean
Benin Africa
Bermuda North America
Bhutan Asia
Bolivia South America
Bosnia and Herzegovina Europe
Botswana Africa
Bouvet Island Antarctic Region
Brazil South America
British Indian Ocean Territory Political Map of the World
British Virgin Islands Central America and the Caribbean
Brunei Southeast Asia
Bulgaria Europe
Burkina Faso Africa
Burma Southeast Asia
Burundi Africa
Cambodia Southeast Asia
Cameroon Africa
Canada North America
Cape Verde Political Map of the World
Cayman Islands Central America and the Caribbean
Central African Republic Africa
Chad Africa
Chile South America
China Asia
Christmas Island Southeast Asia
Clipperton Island Political Map of the World
Cocos (Keeling) Islands Southeast Asia
Colombia South America
Comoros Africa
Congo, Democratic Republic of the Africa
Congo, Republic of the Africa
Cook Islands Oceania
Coral Sea Islands Oceania
Costa Rica Central America and the Caribbean
Cote d'Ivoire Africa
Croatia Europe
Cuba Central America and the Caribbean
Cyprus Middle East
Czech Republic Europe
Denmark Europe
Dhekelia Middle East
Djibouti Africa
Dominica Central America and the Caribbean
Dominican Republic Central America and the Caribbean
East Timor Southeast Asia
Ecuador South America
Egypt Africa
El Salvador Central America and the Caribbean
Equatorial Guinea Africa
Eritrea Africa
Estonia Europe
Ethiopia Africa
Europa Island Africa
European Union Europe
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) South America
Faroe Islands Europe
Fiji Oceania
Finland Europe
France Europe
French Guiana South America
French Polynesia Oceania
French Southern and Antarctic Lands Antarctic Region
Gabon Africa
Gambia, The Africa
Gaza Strip Middle East
Georgia Asia
Germany Europe
Ghana Africa
Gibraltar Europe
Glorioso Islands Africa
Greece Europe
Greenland Arctic Region
Grenada Central America and the Caribbean
Guadeloupe Central America and the Caribbean
Guam Oceania
Guatemala Central America and the Caribbean
Guernsey Europe
Guinea Africa
Guinea-Bissau Africa
Guyana South America
Haiti Central America and the Caribbean
Heard Island and McDonald Islands Antarctic Region
Holy See (Vatican City) Europe
Honduras Central America and the Caribbean
Hong Kong Southeast Asia
Howland Island Oceania
Hungary Europe
Iceland Arctic Region
Iles Eparses Africa
India Asia
Indian Ocean Political Map of the World
Indonesia Southeast Asia
Iran Middle East
Iraq Middle East
Ireland Europe
Isle of Man Europe
Israel Middle East
Italy Europe
Jamaica Central America and the Caribbean
Jan Mayen Arctic Region
Japan Asia
Jarvis Island Oceania
Jersey Europe
Johnston Atoll Oceania
Jordan Middle East
Juan de Nova Island Africa
Kazakhstan Asia
Kenya Africa
Kingman Reef Oceania
Kiribati Oceania
Korea, North Asia
Korea, South Asia
Kuwait Middle East
Kyrgyzstan Asia
Laos Southeast Asia
Latvia Europe
Lebanon Middle East
Lesotho Africa
Liberia Africa
Libya Africa
Liechtenstein Europe
Lithuania Europe
Luxembourg Europe
Macau Southeast Asia
Macedonia Europe
Madagascar Africa
Malawi Africa
Malaysia Southeast Asia
Maldives Asia
Mali Africa
Malta Europe
Marshall Islands Oceania
Martinique Central America and the Caribbean
Mauritania Africa
Mauritius Political Map of the World
Mayotte Africa
Mexico North America
Micronesia, Federated States of Oceania
Midway Islands Oceania
Moldova Europe
Monaco Europe
Mongolia Asia
Montenegro Europe
Montserrat Central America and the Caribbean
Morocco Africa
Mozambique Africa
Namibia Africa
Nauru Oceania
Navassa Island Central America and the Caribbean
Nepal Asia
Netherlands Europe
Netherlands Antilles Central America and the Caribbean
New Caledonia Oceania
New Zealand Oceania
Nicaragua Central America and the Caribbean
Niger Africa
Nigeria Africa
Niue Oceania
Norfolk Island Oceania
Northern Mariana Islands Oceania
Norway Europe
Oman Middle East
Pacific Ocean Political Map of the World
Pakistan Asia
Palau Oceania
Palmyra Atoll Oceania
Panama Central America and the Caribbean
Papua New Guinea Oceania
Paracel Islands Southeast Asia
Paraguay South America
Peru South America
Philippines Southeast Asia
Pitcairn Islands Oceania
Poland Europe
Portugal Europe
Puerto Rico Central America and the Caribbean
Qatar Middle East
Reunion World
Romania Europe
Russia Asia
Rwanda Africa
Saint Helena Africa
Saint Kitts and Nevis Central America and the Caribbean
Saint Lucia Central America and the Caribbean
Saint Pierre and Miquelon North America
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Central America and the Caribbean
Samoa Oceania
San Marino Europe
Sao Tome and Principe Africa
Saudi Arabia Middle East
Senegal Africa
Serbia Europe
Seychelles Africa
Sierra Leone Africa
Singapore Southeast Asia
Slovakia Europe
Slovenia Europe
Solomon Islands Oceania
Somalia Africa
South Africa Africa
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands Antarctic Region
Southern Ocean Antarctic Region
Spain Europe
Spratly Islands Southeast Asia
Sri Lanka Asia
Sudan Africa
Suriname South America
Svalbard Arctic Region
Swaziland Africa
Sweden Europe
Switzerland Europe
Syria Middle East
Taiwan Southeast Asia
Tajikistan Asia
Tanzania Africa
Thailand Southeast Asia
Togo Africa
Tokelau Oceania
Tonga Oceania
Trinidad and Tobago Central America and the Caribbean
Tromelin Island Africa
Tunisia Africa
Turkey Middle East
Turkmenistan Asia
Turks and Caicos Islands Central America and the Caribbean
Tuvalu Oceania
Uganda Africa
Ukraine Asia, Europe
United Arab Emirates Middle East
United Kingdom Europe
United States North America
United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges Oceania
Uruguay South America
Uzbekistan Asia
Vanuatu Oceania
Venezuela South America
Vietnam Southeast Asia
Virgin Islands Central America and the Caribbean
Wake Island Oceania
Wallis and Futuna Oceania
West Bank Middle East
Western Sahara Africa
World Physical Map of the World, Political Map of the World, Standard Time Zones of the World
Yemen Middle East
Zambia Africa
Zimbabwe Africa
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
======================================================================
@2146 Irrigated land (sq km)
Afghanistan 27,200 sq km (2003)
Albania 3,530 sq km (2003)
Algeria 5,690 sq km (2003)
American Samoa NA
Andorra NA
Angola 800 sq km (2003)
Anguilla NA
Antigua and Barbuda NA
Argentina 15,500 sq km (2003)
Armenia 2,860 sq km (2003)
Aruba 0.01 sq km (1998 est.)
Ashmore and Cartier Islands 0 sq km
Australia 25,450 sq km (2003)
Austria 40 sq km (2003)
Azerbaijan 14,550 sq km (2003)
Bahamas, The 10 sq km (2003)
Bahrain 40 sq km (2003)
Baker Island 0 sq km
Bangladesh 47,250 sq km (2003)
Barbados 50 sq km (2003)
Bassas da India 0 sq km
Belarus 1,310 sq km (2003)
Belgium 400 sq km (2003)
Belize 30 sq km (2003)
Benin 120 sq km (2003)
Bermuda NA
Bhutan 400 sq km (2003)
Bolivia 1,320 sq km (2003)
Bosnia and Herzegovina 30 sq km (2003)
Botswana 10 sq km (2003)
Bouvet Island 0 sq km
Brazil 29,200 sq km (2003)
British Indian Ocean Territory 0 sq km
British Virgin Islands NA
Brunei 10 sq km (2003)
Bulgaria 5,880 sq km (2003)
Burkina Faso 250 sq km (2003)
Burma 18,700 sq km (2003)
Burundi 210 sq km (2003)
Cambodia 2,700 sq km (2003)
Cameroon 260 sq km (2003)
Canada 7,850 sq km (2003)
Cape Verde 30 sq km (2003)
Cayman Islands NA
Central African Republic 20 sq km (2003)
Chad 300 sq km (2003)
Chile 19,000 sq km (2003)
China 545,960 sq km (2003)
Christmas Island NA
Clipperton Island 0 sq km
Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA
Colombia 9,000 sq km (2003)
Comoros NA
Congo, Democratic Republic of the 110 sq km (2003)
Congo, Republic of the 20 sq km (2003)
Cook Islands NA
Coral Sea Islands 0 sq km
Costa Rica 1,080 sq km (2003)
Cote d'Ivoire 730 sq km (2003)
Croatia 110 sq km (2003)
Cuba 8,700 sq km (2003)
Cyprus 400 sq km (2003)
Czech Republic 240 sq km (2003)
Denmark 4,490 sq km (2003)
Djibouti 10 sq km (2003)
Dominica NA
Dominican Republic 2,750 sq km (2003)
East Timor 1,065 sq km (est.)
Ecuador 8,650 sq km (2003)
Egypt 34,220 sq km (2003)
El Salvador 450 sq km (2003)
Equatorial Guinea NA
Eritrea 210 sq km (2003)
Estonia 40 sq km (2003)
Ethiopia 2,900 sq km (2003)
Europa Island 0 sq km
European Union 131,250 sq km (2003)
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA
Faroe Islands 0 sq km
Fiji 30 sq km (2003)
Finland 640 sq km (2003)
France 26,000 sq km (2003)
French Guiana 20 sq km (2003)
French Polynesia 10 sq km (2003)
French Southern and Antarctic Lands 0 sq km
Gabon 70 sq km (2003)
Gambia, The 20 sq km (2003)
Gaza Strip 150 sq km; note - includes West Bank (2003)
Georgia 4,690 sq km (2003)
Germany 4,850 sq km (2003)
Ghana 310 sq km (2003)
Gibraltar NA
Glorioso Islands 0 sq km
Greece 14,530 sq km (2003)
Greenland NA
Grenada NA
Guadeloupe 60 sq km (2003)
Guam NA
Guatemala 1,300 sq km (2003)
Guernsey NA
Guinea 950 sq km (2003)
Guinea-Bissau 250 sq km (2003)
Guyana 1,500 sq km (2003)
Haiti 920 sq km (2003)
Heard Island and McDonald Islands 0 sq km
Holy See (Vatican City) 0 sq km
Honduras 800 sq km (2003)
Hong Kong 20 sq km (1998 est.)
Howland Island 0 sq km
Hungary 2,300 sq km (2003)
Iceland NA
India 558,080 sq km (2003)
Indonesia 45,000 sq km (2003)
Iran 76,500 sq km (2003)
Iraq 35,250 sq km (2003)
Ireland NA
Isle of Man 0 sq km
Israel 1,940 sq km (2003)
Italy 27,500 sq km (2003)
Jamaica 250 sq km (2002)
Jan Mayen 0 sq km
Japan 25,920 sq km (2003)
Jarvis Island 0 sq km
Jersey NA
Johnston Atoll 0 sq km
Jordan 750 sq km (2003)
Juan de Nova Island 0 sq km
Kazakhstan 35,560 sq km (2003)
Kenya 1,030 sq km (2003)
Kiribati NA
Korea, North 14,600 sq km (2003)
Korea, South 8,780 sq km (2003)
Kuwait 130 sq km (2003)
Kyrgyzstan 10,720 sq km (2003)
Laos 1,750 sq km (2003)
Latvia 200 sq km note: land in Latvia is often too wet, and in need of drainage, not irrigation; approximately 16,000 sq km or 85% of agricultural land has been improved by drainage (2003)
Lebanon 1,040 sq km (2003)
Lesotho 30 sq km (2003)
Liberia 30 sq km (2003)
Libya 4,700 sq km (2003)
Liechtenstein NA
Lithuania 70 sq km (2003)
Luxembourg NA
Macau NA
Macedonia 550 sq km (2003)
Madagascar 10,860 sq km (2003)
Malawi 560 sq km (2003)
Malaysia 3,650 sq km (2003)
Maldives NA
Mali 2,360 sq km (2003)
Malta 20 sq km (2003)
Marshall Islands 0 sq km
Martinique 70 sq km (2003)
Mauritania 490 sq km (2002)
Mauritius 220 sq km (2003)
Mayotte NA
Mexico 63,200 sq km (2003)
Micronesia, Federated States of NA
Midway Islands 0 sq km
Moldova 3,000 sq km (2003)
Monaco NA
Mongolia 840 sq km (2003)
Montenegro NA
Montserrat NA
Morocco 14,450 sq km (2003)
Mozambique 1,180 sq km (2003)
Namibia 80 sq km (2003)
Nauru NA
Nepal 11,700 sq km (2003)
Netherlands 5,650 sq km (2003)
Netherlands Antilles NA
New Caledonia 100 sq km (2003)
New Zealand 2,850 sq km (2003)
Nicaragua 610 sq km (2003)
Niger 730 sq km (2003)
Nigeria 2,820 sq km (2003)
Niue NA
Norfolk Island NA
Northern Mariana Islands NA
Norway 1,270 sq km (2003)
Oman 720 sq km (2003)
Pakistan 182,300 sq km (2003)
Palau NA
Panama 430 sq km (2003)
Papua New Guinea NA
Paracel Islands 0 sq km
Paraguay 670 sq km (2003)
Peru 12,000 sq km (2003)
Philippines 15,500 sq km (2003)
Pitcairn Islands NA
Poland 1,000 sq km (2003)
Portugal 6,500 sq km (2003)
Puerto Rico 400 sq km (2003)
Qatar 130 sq km (2002)
Reunion 120 sq km (2003)
Romania 30,770 sq km (2003)
Russia 46,000 sq km (2003)
Rwanda 90 sq km (2003)
Saint Helena NA
Saint Kitts and Nevis NA
Saint Lucia 30 sq km (2003)
Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10 sq km (2003)
Samoa NA
San Marino NA
Sao Tome and Principe 100 sq km (2003)
Saudi Arabia 16,200 sq km (2003)
Senegal 1,200 sq km (2003)
Serbia NA
Seychelles NA
Sierra Leone 300 sq km (2003)
Singapore NA
Slovakia 1,830 sq km (2003)
Slovenia 30 sq km (2003)
Solomon Islands NA
Somalia 2,000 sq km (2003)
South Africa 14,980 sq km (2003)
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 0 sq km
Spain 37,800 sq km (2003)
Spratly Islands 0 sq km
Sri Lanka 7,430 sq km (2003)
Sudan 18,630 sq km (2003)
Suriname 510 sq km (2003)
Svalbard NA
Swaziland 500 sq km (2003)
Sweden 1,150 sq km (2003)
Switzerland 250 sq km (2003)
Syria 13,330 sq km (2003)
Taiwan NA
Tajikistan 7,220 sq km (2003)
Tanzania 1,840 sq km (2003)
Thailand 49,860 sq km (2003)
Togo 70 sq km (2003)
Tokelau NA
Tonga NA
Trinidad and Tobago 40 sq km (2003)
Tromelin Island 0 sq km
Tunisia 3,940 sq km (2003)
Turkey 52,150 sq km (2003)
Turkmenistan 18,000 sq km (2003)
Turks and Caicos Islands NA
Tuvalu NA
Uganda 90 sq km (2003)
Ukraine 22,080 sq km (2003)
United Arab Emirates 760 sq km (2003)
United Kingdom 1,700 sq km (2003)
United States 223,850 sq km (2003)
Uruguay 2,100 sq km (2003)
Uzbekistan 42,810 sq km (2003)
Vanuatu NA
Venezuela 5,750 sq km (2003)
Vietnam 30,000 sq km (2003)
Virgin Islands NA
Wake Island 0 sq km
Wallis and Futuna NA
West Bank 150 sq km; note - includes Gaza Strip (2003)
Western Sahara NA
World 2,770,980 sq km (2003)
Yemen 5,500 sq km (2003)
Zambia 1,560 sq km (2003)
Zimbabwe 1,740 sq km (2003)
This page was last updated on 19 December, 2006
======================================================================
@2147 Area (sq km)
Afghanistan total: 647,500 sq km land: 647,500 sq km water: 0 sq km
Akrotiri total: 123 sq km note: includes a salt lake and wetlands
Albania total: 28,748 sq km land: 27,398 sq km water: 1,350 sq km
Algeria total: 2,381,740 sq km land: 2,381,740 sq km water: 0 sq km
American Samoa total: 199 sq km land: 199 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Rose Island and Swains Island
Andorra total: 468 sq km land: 468 sq km water: 0 sq km
Angola total: 1,246,700 sq km land: 1,246,700 sq km water: 0 sq km
Anguilla total: 102 sq km land: 102 sq km water: 0 sq km
Antarctica total: 14 million sq km land: 14 million sq km (280,000 sq km ice-free, 13.72 million sq km ice-covered) (est.) note: fifth-largest continent, following Asia, Africa, North America, and South America, but larger than Australia and the subcontinent of Europe
Antigua and Barbuda total: 442.6 sq km (Antigua 280 sq km; Barbuda 161 sq km) land: 442.6 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Redonda, 1.6 sq km
Arctic Ocean total: 14.056 million sq km note: includes Baffin Bay, Barents Sea, Beaufort Sea, Chukchi Sea, East Siberian Sea, Greenland Sea, Hudson Bay, Hudson Strait, Kara Sea, Laptev Sea, Northwest Passage, and other tributary water bodies
Argentina total: 2,766,890 sq km land: 2,736,690 sq km water: 30,200 sq km
Armenia total: 29,800 sq km land: 28,400 sq km water: 1,400 sq km
Aruba total: 193 sq km land: 193 sq km water: 0 sq km
Ashmore and Cartier Islands total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island
Atlantic Ocean total: 76.762 million sq km note: includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark Strait, part of the Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico, Labrador Sea, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea, Norwegian Sea, almost all of the Scotia Sea, and other tributary water bodies
Australia total: 7,686,850 sq km land: 7,617,930 sq km water: 68,920 sq km note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island
Austria total: 83,870 sq km land: 82,444 sq km water: 1,426 sq km
Azerbaijan total: 86,600 sq km land: 86,100 sq km water: 500 sq km note: includes the exclave of Naxcivan Autonomous Republic and the Nagorno-Karabakh region; the region's autonomy was abolished by Azerbaijani Supreme Soviet on 26 November 1991
Bahamas, The total: 13,940 sq km land: 10,070 sq km water: 3,870 sq km
Bahrain total: 665 sq km land: 665 sq km water: 0 sq km
Baker Island total: 1.4 sq km land: 1.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Bangladesh total: 144,000 sq km land: 133,910 sq km water: 10,090 sq km
Barbados total: 431 sq km land: 431 sq km water: 0 sq km
Bassas da India total: 0.2 sq km land: 0.2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Belarus total: 207,600 sq km land: 207,600 sq km water: 0 sq km
Belgium total: 30,528 sq km land: 30,278 sq km water: 250 sq km
Belize total: 22,966 sq km land: 22,806 sq km water: 160 sq km
Benin total: 112,620 sq km land: 110,620 sq km water: 2,000 sq km
Bermuda total: 53.3 sq km land: 53.3 sq km water: 0 sq km
Bhutan total: 47,000 sq km land: 47,000 sq km water: 0 sq km
Bolivia total: 1,098,580 sq km land: 1,084,390 sq km water: 14,190 sq km
Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 51,129 sq km land: 51,129 sq km water: 0 sq km
Botswana total: 600,370 sq km land: 585,370 sq km water: 15,000 sq km
Bouvet Island total: 49 sq km land: 49 sq km water: 0 sq km
Brazil total: 8,511,965 sq km land: 8,456,510 sq km water: 55,455 sq km note: includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas, Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao Paulo
British Indian Ocean Territory total: 54,400 sq km land: 60 sq km; Diego Garcia 44 sq km water: 54,340 sq km note: includes the entire Chagos Archipelago of 55 islands
British Virgin Islands total: 153 sq km land: 153 sq km water: 0 sq km note: comprised of 16 inhabited and more than 20 uninhabited islands; includes the islands of Tortola, Anegada, Virgin Gorda, Jost van Dyke
Brunei total: 5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km
Bulgaria total: 110,910 sq km land: 110,550 sq km water: 360 sq km
Burkina Faso total: 274,200 sq km land: 273,800 sq km water: 400 sq km
Burma total: 678,500 sq km land: 657,740 sq km water: 20,760 sq km
Burundi total: 27,830 sq km land: 25,650 sq km water: 2,180 sq km
Cambodia total: 181,040 sq km land: 176,520 sq km water: 4,520 sq km
Cameroon total: 475,440 sq km land: 469,440 sq km water: 6,000 sq km
Canada total: 9,984,670 sq km land: 9,093,507 sq km water: 891,163 sq km
Cape Verde total: 4,033 sq km land: 4,033 sq km water: 0 sq km
Cayman Islands total: 262 sq km land: 262 sq km water: 0 sq km
Central African Republic total: 622,984 sq km land: 622,984 sq km water: 0 sq km
Chad total: 1.284 million sq km land: 1,259,200 sq km water: 24,800 sq km
Chile total: 756,950 sq km land: 748,800 sq km water: 8,150 sq km note: includes Easter Island (Isla de Pascua) and Isla Sala y Gomez
China total: 9,596,960 sq km land: 9,326,410 sq km water: 270,550 sq km
Christmas Island total: 135 sq km land: 135 sq km water: 0 sq km
Clipperton Island total: 6 sq km land: 6 sq km water: 0 sq km
Cocos (Keeling) Islands total: 14 sq km land: 14 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of West Island and Home Island
Colombia total: 1,138,910 sq km land: 1,038,700 sq km water: 100,210 sq km note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, and Serrana Bank
Comoros total: 2,170 sq km land: 2,170 sq km water: 0 sq km
Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 2,345,410 sq km land: 2,267,600 sq km water: 77,810 sq km
Congo, Republic of the total: 342,000 sq km land: 341,500 sq km water: 500 sq km
Cook Islands total: 236.7 sq km land: 236.7 sq km water: 0 sq km
Coral Sea Islands total: less than 3 sq km land: less than 3 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes numerous small islands and reefs scattered over a sea area of about 780,000 sq km, with the Willis Islets the most important
Costa Rica total: 51,100 sq km land: 50,660 sq km water: 440 sq km note: includes Isla del Coco
Cote d'Ivoire total: 322,460 sq km land: 318,000 sq km water: 4,460 sq km
Croatia total: 56,542 sq km land: 56,414 sq km water: 128 sq km
Cuba total: 110,860 sq km land: 110,860 sq km water: 0 sq km
Cyprus total: 9,250 sq km (of which 3,355 sq km are in north Cyprus) land: 9,240 sq km water: 10 sq km
Czech Republic total: 78,866 sq km land: 77,276 sq km water: 1,590 sq km
Denmark total: 43,094 sq km land: 42,394 sq km water: 700 sq km note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland
Dhekelia total: 130.8 sq km note: area surrounds three Cypriot enclaves
Djibouti total: 23,000 sq km land: 22,980 sq km water: 20 sq km
Dominica total: 754 sq km land: 754 sq km water: 0 sq km
Dominican Republic total: 48,730 sq km land: 48,380 sq km water: 350 sq km
East Timor total: 15,007 sq km land: NA sq km water: NA sq km
Ecuador total: 283,560 sq km land: 276,840 sq km water: 6,720 sq km note: includes Galapagos Islands
Egypt total: 1,001,450 sq km land: 995,450 sq km water: 6,000 sq km
El Salvador total: 21,040 sq km land: 20,720 sq km water: 320 sq km
Equatorial Guinea total: 28,051 sq km land: 28,051 sq km water: 0 sq km
Eritrea total: 121,320 sq km land: 121,320 sq km water: 0 sq km
Estonia total: 45,226 sq km land: 43,211 sq km water: 2,015 sq km note: includes 1,520 islands in the Baltic Sea
Ethiopia total: 1,127,127 sq km land: 1,119,683 sq km water: 7,444 sq km
Europa Island total: 28 sq km land: 28 sq km water: 0 sq km
European Union total: 3,976,372 sq km
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Faroe Islands total: 1,399 sq km land: 1,399 sq km water: 0 sq km (some lakes and streams)
Fiji total: 18,270 sq km land: 18,270 sq km water: 0 sq km
Finland total: 338,145 sq km land: 304,473 sq km water: 33,672 sq km
France total: 547,030 sq km land: 545,630 sq km water: 1,400 sq km note: includes only metropolitan France; excludes the overseas administrative divisions
French Guiana total: 91,000 sq km land: 89,150 sq km water: 1,850 sq km
French Polynesia total: 4,167 sq km (118 islands and atolls) land: 3,660 sq km water: 507 sq km
French Southern and Antarctic Lands total: 7,829 sq km land: 7,829 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ile Amsterdam, Ile Saint-Paul, Iles Crozet, and Iles Kerguelen; excludes "Adelie Land" claim of about 500,000 sq km in Antarctica that is not recognized by the US
Gabon total: 267,667 sq km land: 257,667 sq km water: 10,000 sq km
Gambia, The total: 11,300 sq km land: 10,000 sq km water: 1,300 sq km
Gaza Strip total: 360 sq km land: 360 sq km water: 0 sq km
Georgia total: 69,700 sq km land: 69,700 sq km water: 0 sq km
Germany total: 357,021 sq km land: 349,223 sq km water: 7,798 sq km
Ghana total: 239,460 sq km land: 230,940 sq km water: 8,520 sq km
Gibraltar total: 6.5 sq km land: 6.5 sq km water: 0 sq km
Glorioso Islands total: 5 sq km land: 5 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Ile Glorieuse, Ile du Lys, Verte Rocks, Wreck Rock, and South Rock
Greece total: 131,940 sq km land: 130,800 sq km water: 1,140 sq km
Greenland total: 2,166,086 sq km land: 2,166,086 sq km (410,449 sq km ice-free, 1,755,637 sq km ice-covered) (2000 est.)
Grenada total: 344 sq km land: 344 sq km water: 0 sq km
Guadeloupe total: 1,780 sq km land: 1,706 sq km water: 74 sq km note: Guadeloupe is an archipelago of nine inhabited islands, including Basse-Terre, Grande-Terre, Marie-Galante, La Desirade, Iles des Saintes (2), Saint-Barthelemy, Iles de la Petite Terre, and Saint-Martin (French part of the island of Saint Martin)
Guam total: 541.3 sq km land: 541.3 sq km water: 0 sq km
Guatemala total: 108,890 sq km land: 108,430 sq km water: 460 sq km
Guernsey total: 78 sq km land: 78 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Alderney, Guernsey, Herm, Sark, and some other smaller islands
Guinea total: 245,857 sq km land: 245,857 sq km water: 0 sq km
Guinea-Bissau total: 36,120 sq km land: 28,000 sq km water: 8,120 sq km
Guyana total: 214,970 sq km land: 196,850 sq km water: 18,120 sq km
Haiti total: 27,750 sq km land: 27,560 sq km water: 190 sq km
Heard Island and McDonald Islands total: 412 sq km land: 412 sq km water: 0 sq km
Holy See (Vatican City) total: 0.44 sq km land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km
Honduras total: 112,090 sq km land: 111,890 sq km water: 200 sq km
Hong Kong total: 1,092 sq km land: 1,042 sq km water: 50 sq km
Howland Island total: 1.6 sq km land: 1.6 sq km water: 0 sq km
Hungary total: 93,030 sq km land: 92,340 sq km water: 690 sq km
Iceland total: 103,000 sq km land: 100,250 sq km water: 2,750 sq km
Iles Eparses Bassas da India: total - 80 sq km; land - 0.2 sq km; water - 79.8 sq km (lagoon) Europa Island: total - 28 sq km; land - 28 sq km; water - 0 sq km Glorioso Islands: total - 5 sq km; land - 5 sq km; water - 0 sq km Juan de Nova Island: total - 4.4 sq km; land - 4.4 sq km; water - 0 sq km Tromelin Island: total - 1 sq km; land - 1 sq km; water - 0 sq km
India total: 3,287,590 sq km land: 2,973,190 sq km water: 314,400 sq km
Indian Ocean total: 68.556 million sq km note: includes Andaman Sea, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Flores Sea, Great Australian Bight, Gulf of Aden, Gulf of Oman, Java Sea, Mozambique Channel, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, Savu Sea, Strait of Malacca, Timor Sea, and other tributary water bodies
Indonesia total: 1,919,440 sq km land: 1,826,440 sq km water: 93,000 sq km
Iran total: 1.648 million sq km land: 1.636 million sq km water: 12,000 sq km
Iraq total: 437,072 sq km land: 432,162 sq km water: 4,910 sq km
Ireland total: 70,280 sq km land: 68,890 sq km water: 1,390 sq km
Isle of Man total: 572 sq km land: 572 sq km water: 0 sq km
Israel total: 20,770 sq km land: 20,330 sq km water: 440 sq km
Italy total: 301,230 sq km land: 294,020 sq km water: 7,210 sq km note: includes Sardinia and Sicily
Jamaica total: 10,991 sq km land: 10,831 sq km water: 160 sq km
Jan Mayen total: 377 sq km land: 377 sq km water: 0 sq km
Japan total: 377,835 sq km land: 374,744 sq km water: 3,091 sq km note: includes Bonin Islands (Ogasawara-gunto), Daito-shoto, Minami-jima, Okino-tori-shima, Ryukyu Islands (Nansei-shoto), and Volcano Islands (Kazan-retto)
Jarvis Island total: 4.5 sq km land: 4.5 sq km water: 0 sq km
Jersey total: 116 sq km land: 116 sq km water: 0 sq km
Johnston Atoll total: 2.63 sq km land: 2.63 sq km water: 0 sq km
Jordan total: 92,300 sq km land: 91,971 sq km water: 329 sq km
Juan de Nova Island total: 4.4 sq km land: 4.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Kazakhstan total: 2,717,300 sq km land: 2,669,800 sq km water: 47,500 sq km
Kenya total: 582,650 sq km land: 569,250 sq km water: 13,400 sq km
Kingman Reef total: 1 sq km land: 1 sq km water: 0 sq km
Kiribati total: 811 sq km land: 811 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes three island groups - Gilbert Islands, Line Islands, Phoenix Islands
Korea, North total: 120,540 sq km land: 120,410 sq km water: 130 sq km
Korea, South total: 98,480 sq km land: 98,190 sq km water: 290 sq km
Kuwait total: 17,820 sq km land: 17,820 sq km water: 0 sq km
Kyrgyzstan total: 198,500 sq km land: 191,300 sq km water: 7,200 sq km
Laos total: 236,800 sq km land: 230,800 sq km water: 6,000 sq km
Latvia total: 64,589 sq km land: 63,589 sq km water: 1,000 sq km
Lebanon total: 10,400 sq km land: 10,230 sq km water: 170 sq km
Lesotho total: 30,355 sq km land: 30,355 sq km water: 0 sq km
Liberia total: 111,370 sq km land: 96,320 sq km water: 15,050 sq km
Libya total: 1,759,540 sq km land: 1,759,540 sq km water: 0 sq km
Liechtenstein total: 160 sq km land: 160 sq km water: 0 sq km
Lithuania total: 65,200 sq km land: NA sq km water: NA sq km
Luxembourg total: 2,586 sq km land: 2,586 sq km water: 0 sq km
Macau total: 28.2 sq km land: 28.2 sq km water: 0 sq km
Macedonia total: 25,333 sq km land: 24,856 sq km water: 477 sq km
Madagascar total: 587,040 sq km land: 581,540 sq km water: 5,500 sq km
Malawi total: 118,480 sq km land: 94,080 sq km water: 24,400 sq km
Malaysia total: 329,750 sq km land: 328,550 sq km water: 1,200 sq km
Maldives total: 300 sq km land: 300 sq km water: 0 sq km
Mali total: 1.24 million sq km land: 1.22 million sq km water: 20,000 sq km
Malta total: 316 sq km land: 316 sq km water: 0 sq km
Marshall Islands total: 11,854.3 sq km land: 181.3 sq km water: 11,673 sq km (note - lagoon waters) note: includes the atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Kwajalein, Majuro, Rongelap, and Utirik
Martinique total: 1,100 sq km land: 1,060 sq km water: 40 sq km
Mauritania total: 1,030,700 sq km land: 1,030,400 sq km water: 300 sq km
Mauritius total: 2,040 sq km land: 2,030 sq km water: 10 sq km note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoals (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues
Mayotte total: 374 sq km land: 374 sq km water: 0 sq km
Mexico total: 1,972,550 sq km land: 1,923,040 sq km water: 49,510 sq km
Micronesia, Federated States of total: 702 sq km land: 702 sq km water: 0 sq km (fresh water only) note: includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Chuuk (Truk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae (Kosaie)
Midway Islands total: 6.2 sq km land: 6.2 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Eastern Island, Sand Island, and Spit Island
Moldova total: 33,843 sq km land: 33,371 sq km water: 472 sq km
Monaco total: 1.95 sq km land: 1.95 sq km water: 0 sq km
Mongolia total: 1,564,116 sq km
Montenegro total: 14,026 sq km land: 13,812 sq km water: 214 sq km
Montserrat total: 102 sq km land: 102 sq km water: 0 sq km
Morocco total: 446,550 sq km land: 446,300 sq km water: 250 sq km