The 2005 CIA World Factbook (part 13 of 17)

The 2005 CIA World Factbook (part 13 of 17)

Ghana $3.01 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Gibraltar $136 million f.o.b. (2002)

Greece $15.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Greenland $388 million f.o.b. (2002)

Grenada $46 million (2002 est.)

Guadeloupe $140 million f.o.b. (1997)

Guam $38 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Guatemala $2.911 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guernsey $NA

Guinea $709.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guinea-Bissau $54 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Guyana $570.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Haiti $338.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Honduras $1.457 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Hong Kong $268.1 billion f.o.b., including reexports (2004 est.)

Hungary $54.62 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iceland $2.902 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

India $69.18 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Indonesia $69.86 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iran $38.79 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iraq $10.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ireland $103.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Israel $34.41 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Italy $336.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Jamaica $1.679 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Japan $538.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Jersey $NA

Jordan $3.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kazakhstan $18.47 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kenya $2.589 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kiribati $35 million f.o.b. (2002)

Korea, North $1.2 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Korea, South $250.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kuwait $27.42 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $646.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Laos $365.5 million (2004 est.)

Latvia $3.569 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Lebanon $1.783 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Lesotho $484.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Liberia $1.079 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Libya $18.65 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein $2.47 billion (1996)

Lithuania $8.88 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Luxembourg $13.4 billion f.o.b. (2003)

Macau $2.58 billion f.o.b., including reexports (2003)

Macedonia $1.629 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Madagascar $868.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Malawi $503.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Malaysia $123.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Maldives $90 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Mali $915 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Malta $2.625 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Man, Isle of $NA

Marshall Islands $9 million f.o.b. (2000)

Martinique $250 million f.o.b. (1997)

Mauritania $541 million f.o.b. (2002)

Mauritius $2.012 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Mayotte $3.44 million f.o.b. (1997)

Mexico $182.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of $22 million (f.o.b.) (FY99/00 est.)

Moldova $1.03 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Monaco $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Mongolia $853 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Montserrat $700,000 (2001)

Morocco $9.754 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Mozambique $689.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Namibia $1.356 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Nauru $640,000 f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Nepal $568 million f.o.b., but does not include unrecorded border trade with India (2002 est.)

Netherlands $293.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Netherlands Antilles $1.579 billion f.o.b. (2002)

New Caledonia $448 million f.o.b. (2002)

New Zealand $19.85 billion (2004 est.)

Nicaragua $750 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Niger $280 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Nigeria $33.99 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Niue $137,200 (1999)

Norfolk Island $1.5 million f.o.b. (FY99/00)

Northern Mariana Islands NA

Norway $76.64 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Oman $13.14 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Pakistan $15.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Palau $18 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)

Panama $5.699 billion f.o.b. (includes the Colon Free Zone) (2004 est.)

Papua New Guinea $2.437 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Paraguay $2.936 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Peru $12.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Philippines $38.63 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Pitcairn Islands NA

Poland $75.98 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Portugal $37.68 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Puerto Rico $46.9 billion f.o.b. (2001)

Qatar $15 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Reunion $214 million f.o.b. (1997)

Romania $23.54 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Russia $162.5 billion (2004 est.)

Rwanda $69.78 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Saint Helena $17 million f.o.b. (2002)

Saint Kitts and Nevis $70 million (2002 est.)

Saint Lucia $66 million (2002 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon $10 million f.o.b. (2002)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $38 million (2002 est.)

Samoa $14 million f.o.b. (2002)

San Marino trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Sao Tome and Principe $6.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Saudi Arabia $113 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Senegal $1.374 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro $3.245 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Seychelles $256.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sierra Leone $49 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Singapore $174 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Slovakia $29.24 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Slovenia $14.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Solomon Islands $74 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Somalia $79 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

South Africa $41.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Spain $172.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sri Lanka $5.306 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sudan $3.395 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Suriname $495 million f.o.b. (2002)

Svalbard $NA

Swaziland $900.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sweden $121.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Switzerland $130.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Syria $6.086 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Taiwan $170.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tajikistan $1.13 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tanzania $1.248 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Thailand $87.91 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Togo $663.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tokelau $98,000 f.o.b. (1983)

Tonga $27 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago $6.671 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tunisia $9.926 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turkey $69.46 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turkmenistan $4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands $169.2 million (2000)

Tuvalu $1 million f.o.b. (2002)

Uganda $621.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ukraine $32.91 billion (2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates $69.48 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

United Kingdom $347.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

United States $795 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Uruguay $2.2 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Uzbekistan $3.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Vanuatu $26.6 million f.o.b. (2003)

Venezuela $35.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Vietnam $23.72 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Virgin Islands NA

Wallis and Futuna $250,000 f.o.b. (1999)

West Bank $205 million f.o.b., includes Gaza Strip (2002)

Western Sahara NA

World $8.819 trillion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Yemen $4.468 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Zambia $1.548 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Zimbabwe $1.409 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

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@2079 Debt - external

Afghanistan $8 billion in bilateral debt, mostly to Russia; Afghanistan has $500 million in debt to Multilateral Development Banks (2004)

Albania $1.41 billion (2003)

Algeria $21.9 billion (2004 est.)

American Samoa $NA

Andorra $NA

Angola $10.45 billion (2004 est.)

Anguilla $8.8 million (1998)

Antigua and Barbuda $231 million (1999)

Argentina $157.7 billion (2004 est.)

Armenia $905 million (June 2001)

Aruba $285 million (1996)

Australia $308.7 billion (3rd quarter, 2004 est.)

Austria $15.5 billion (2003 est.)

Azerbaijan $1.832 billion (2004 est.)

Bahamas, The $308.5 million (2002)

Bahrain $6.215 billion (2004 est.)

Bangladesh $19.97 billion (2004 est.)

Barbados $668 million (2003)

Belarus $600 million (2004 est.)

Belgium $28.3 billion (1999 est.)

Belize $1.362 billion (June 2004 est.)

Benin $1.6 billion (2000)

Bermuda $160 million (FY99/00)

Bhutan $245 million (2000)

Bolivia $5.439 billion (June 2004 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina $3 billion (2004 est.)

Botswana $531 million (2004 est.)

Brazil $219.8 billion (2004 est.)

British Virgin Islands $36.1 million (1997)

Brunei $0

Bulgaria $16.1 billion (November 2004 est.)

Burkina Faso $1.3 billion (2000)

Burma $6.752 billion (2004 est.)

Burundi $1.133 billion (2002)

Cambodia $2.4 billion (2002 est.)

Cameroon $8.46 billion (2004 est.)

Canada $570 billion (2004)

Cape Verde $325 million (2002)

Cayman Islands $70 million (1996)

Central African Republic $881.4 million (2000 est.)

Chad $1.1 billion (2000 est.)

Chile $44.6 billion (2004 est.)

China $233.3 billion (3rd quarter 2004 est.)

Colombia $38.7 billion (2004 est.)

Comoros $232 million (2000 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the $11.6 billion (2000 est.)

Congo, Republic of the $5 billion (2000 est.)

Cook Islands $141 million (1996 est.)

Costa Rica $5.962 billion (2004 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire $11.81 billion (2004 est.)

Croatia $26.4 billion (2004 est.)

Cuba $12.09 billion (convertible currency); another $15-20 billion owed to Russia (2004 est.)

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: $7.327 billion; north Cyprus: $NA (2004 est.)

Czech Republic $36.28 billion (2004 est.)

Denmark $21.7 billion (2000)

Djibouti $366 million (2002 est.)

Dominica $161.5 million (2001)

Dominican Republic $7.745 billion (2004 est.)

East Timor none

Ecuador $16.81 billion (2004 est.)

Egypt $33.75 billion (2004 est.)

El Salvador $4.792 billion (September 2004 est.)

Equatorial Guinea $248 million (2000 est.)

Eritrea $311 million (2000 est.)

Estonia $8.373 billion (2004 est.)

Ethiopia $2.9 billion (2001 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $NA

Faroe Islands $64 million (1999)

Fiji $188.1 million (2001 est.)

Finland $30 billion (December 1993)

France $NA

French Guiana $1.2 billion (1988)

French Polynesia NA

Gabon $3.804 billion (2004 est.)

Gambia, The $476 million (2001 est.)

Gaza Strip $108 million (includes West Bank) (1997 est.)

Georgia $1.8 billion (2002)

Germany NA

Ghana $7.396 billion (2004 est.)

Gibraltar $NA (2000 est.)

Greece $67.23 billion (2004 est.)

Greenland $25 million (1999)

Grenada $196 million (2000)

Guadeloupe $NA (yearend 2003 est.)

Guam NA

Guatemala $5.969 billion (2004 est.)

Guernsey $NA

Guinea $3.25 billion (2001 est.)

Guinea-Bissau $941.5 million (2000 est.)

Guyana $1.2 billion (2002)

Haiti $1.2 billion (2004 est.)

Honduras $5.365 billion (September 2004 est.)

Hong Kong $66.94 billion (2004 est.)

Hungary $57 billion (2004 est.)

Iceland $3.073 billion (2002)

India $117.2 billion (2004 est.)

Indonesia $141.5 billion (2004 est.)

Iran $13.4 billion (2004 est.)

Iraq $125 billion (2004 est.)

Ireland $11 billion (1998)

Israel $74.46 billion (2004 est.)

Italy $913.9 billion (2004 est.)

Jamaica $5.964 billion (2004 est.)

Japan NA (2002 est.)

Jersey none

Jordan $7.32 billion (2004 est.)

Kazakhstan $26.03 billion (2004 est.)

Kenya $6.792 billion (2004 est.)

Kiribati $10 million (1999 est.)

Korea, North $12 billion (1996 est.)

Korea, South $160 billion (2004 est.)

Kuwait $15.02 billion (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $1.97 billion (2004 est.)

Laos $2.49 billion (2001)

Latvia $7.368 billion (2004 est.)

Lebanon $15.84 billion (2004 est.)

Lesotho $735 million (2002)

Liberia $2.1 billion (2000 est.)

Libya $4.069 billion (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein $0 (2001)

Lithuania $10.01 billion (2004 est.)

Luxembourg $NA

Macau $2.7 billion (2003)

Macedonia $1.863 billion (2004 est.)

Madagascar $4.6 billion (2002)

Malawi $3.129 billion (2004 est.)

Malaysia $53.36 billion (2004 est.)

Maldives $281 million (2003 est.)

Mali $3.3 billion (2000)

Malta $130 million (1997)

Man, Isle of $NA

Marshall Islands $86.5 million (FY99/00 est.)

Martinique $180 million (1994)

Mauritania $2.5 billion (2000)

Mauritius $1.78 billion (2004 est.)

Mayotte $NA

Mexico $149.9 billion (2004 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of $53.1 million (FY02/03 est.)

Moldova $1.4 billion (2004 est.)

Monaco $18 billion (2000 est.)

Mongolia $1.191 billion (2004 est.)

Montserrat $8.9 million (1997)

Morocco $17.07 billion (2004 est.)

Mozambique $966 million (2002 est.)

Namibia $1.136 billion (2004 est.)

Nauru $33.3 million (2002)

Nepal $2.7 billion (2001)

Netherlands Antilles $1.35 billion (1996)

New Caledonia $79 million (1998 est.)

New Zealand $47.34 billion (2004 est.)

Nicaragua $4.573 billion (2004 est.)

Niger $1.6 billion (1999 est.)

Nigeria $30.55 billion (2004 est.)

Niue $418,000 (2002 est.)

Norfolk Island NA

Northern Mariana Islands NA

Norway $0 (Norway is a net external creditor) (2003 est.)

Oman $4.814 billion (2004 est.)

Pakistan $33.97 billion (2004 est.)

Palau $0 (FY99/00)

Panama $8.78 billion (2004 est.)

Papua New Guinea $2.463 billion (2004 est.)

Paraguay $3.239 billion (2004 est.)

Peru $29.79 billion (2004 est.)

Philippines $55.6 billion (September 2004 est.)

Pitcairn Islands NA

Poland $99.15 billion (2004 est.)

Portugal $274.7 billion (2004 est.)

Puerto Rico NA

Qatar $18.62 billion (2004 est.)

Reunion $NA

Romania $24.59 billion (2004 est.)

Russia $169.6 billion (2004 est.)

Rwanda $1.3 billion (2000 est.)

Saint Helena NA (1996)

Saint Kitts and Nevis $171 million (2001)

Saint Lucia $214 million (2000)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon $NA

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $167.2 million (2000)

Samoa $197 million (2000)

San Marino $NA

Sao Tome and Principe $318 million (2002)

Saudi Arabia $34.35 billion (2004 est.)

Senegal $3.476 billion (2004 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro $12.97 billion (2004 est.)

Seychelles $218.1 million (2004 est.)

Sierra Leone $1.5 billion (2002 est.)

Singapore $19.4 billion (2004 est.)

Slovakia $19.54 billion (2004 est.)

Slovenia $14.65 billion (2004 est.)

Solomon Islands $180.4 million (2002)

Somalia $3 billion (2001 est.)

South Africa $27.01 billion (2004 est.)

Spain $771.1 billion (2004 est.)

Sri Lanka $10.85 billion (2004 est.)

Sudan $21 billion (2004 est.)

Suriname $321 million (2002 est.)

Swaziland $320 million (2002 est.)

Sweden $66.5 billion (1994)

Switzerland $NA (2000)

Syria $4 billion (excludes military debt and debt to Russia) (2004 est.)

Taiwan $55.5 billion (2004 est.)

Tajikistan $888 million (2004 est.)

Tanzania $7.321 billion (2004 est.)

Thailand $50.59 billion (2004 est.)

Togo $1.4 billion (2000)

Tokelau $0

Tonga $63.4 million (2001)

Trinidad and Tobago $2.94 billion (2004 est.)

Tunisia $14.71 billion (2004 est.)

Turkey $16.9 billion (2004 est.)

Turkmenistan $2.4 billion to $5 billion (2001 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands NA

Tuvalu NA

Uganda $3.865 billion (2004 est.)

Ukraine $16.37 billion (2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates $5.9 billion (2004 est.)

United Kingdom $4.71 trillion (2003)

United States $1.4 trillion (2001 est.)

Uruguay $12.8 billion (March 2004)

Uzbekistan $4.351 billion (2004 est.)

Vanuatu $83.7 million (2002)

Venezuela $33.29 billion (2004 est.)

Vietnam $16.55 billion (2004 est.)

Virgin Islands NA

Wallis and Futuna $NA

West Bank $108 million (includes Gaza Strip) (1997 est.)

Western Sahara NA

World $12.7 trillion (2004 est.)

Yemen $5.4 billion (2004 est.)

Zambia $5.353 billion (2004 est.)

Zimbabwe $4.086 billion (2004 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

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@2080 Fiscal year

Afghanistan 21 March - 20 March

Albania calendar year

Algeria calendar year

American Samoa 1 October - 30 September

Andorra calendar year

Angola calendar year

Anguilla 1 April - 31 March

Antigua and Barbuda 1 April - 31 March

Argentina calendar year

Armenia calendar year

Aruba calendar year

Australia 1 July - 30 June

Austria calendar year

Azerbaijan calendar year

Bahamas, The 1 July - 30 June

Bahrain calendar year

Bangladesh 1 July - 30 June

Barbados 1 April - 31 March

Belarus calendar year

Belgium calendar year

Belize 1 April - 31 March

Benin calendar year

Bermuda 1 April - 31 March

Bhutan 1 July - 30 June

Bolivia calendar year

Bosnia and Herzegovina calendar year

Botswana 1 April - 31 March

Brazil calendar year

British Virgin Islands 1 April - 31 March

Brunei calendar year

Bulgaria calendar year

Burkina Faso calendar year

Burma 1 April - 31 March

Burundi calendar year

Cambodia calendar year

Cameroon 1 July - 30 June

Canada 1 April - 31 March

Cape Verde calendar year

Cayman Islands 1 April - 31 March

Central African Republic calendar year

Chad calendar year

Chile calendar year

China calendar year

Christmas Island 1 July - 30 June

Cocos (Keeling) Islands 1 July - 30 June

Colombia calendar year

Comoros calendar year

Congo, Democratic Republic of the calendar year

Congo, Republic of the calendar year

Cook Islands 1 April - 31 March

Costa Rica calendar year

Cote d'Ivoire calendar year

Croatia calendar year

Cuba calendar year

Cyprus calendar year

Czech Republic calendar year

Denmark calendar year

Djibouti calendar year

Dominica 1 July - 30 June

Dominican Republic calendar year

East Timor 1 July - 30 June

Ecuador calendar year

Egypt 1 July - 30 June

El Salvador calendar year

Equatorial Guinea 1 January - 31 December

Eritrea calendar year

Estonia calendar year

Ethiopia 8 July - 7 July

European Union NA

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 1 April - 31 March

Faroe Islands calendar year

Fiji calendar year

Finland calendar year

France calendar year

French Guiana calendar year

French Polynesia calendar year

Gabon calendar year

Gambia, The calendar year

Gaza Strip calendar year

Georgia calendar year

Germany calendar year

Ghana calendar year

Gibraltar 1 July - 30 June

Greece calendar year

Greenland calendar year

Grenada calendar year

Guadeloupe calendar year

Guam 1 October - 30 September

Guatemala calendar year

Guernsey calendar year

Guinea calendar year

Guinea-Bissau calendar year

Guyana calendar year

Haiti 1 October - 30 September

Holy See (Vatican City) calendar year

Honduras calendar year

Hong Kong 1 April - 31 March

Hungary calendar year

Iceland calendar year

India 1 April - 31 March

Indonesia calendar year; note - previously was 1 April - 31 March, but starting with 2001, has been changed to calendar year

Iran 21 March - 20 March

Iraq calendar year

Ireland calendar year

Israel calendar year

Italy calendar year

Jamaica 1 April - 31 March

Japan 1 April - 31 March

Jersey 1 April - 31 March

Jordan calendar year

Kazakhstan calendar year

Kenya 1 July - 30 June

Kiribati NA

Korea, North calendar year

Korea, South calendar year

Kuwait 1 April - 31 March

Kyrgyzstan calendar year

Laos 1 October - 30 September

Latvia calendar year

Lebanon calendar year

Lesotho 1 April - 31 March

Liberia calendar year

Libya calendar year

Liechtenstein calendar year

Lithuania calendar year

Luxembourg calendar year

Macau calendar year

Macedonia calendar year

Madagascar calendar year

Malawi 1 July - 30 June

Malaysia calendar year

Maldives calendar year

Mali calendar year

Malta 1 April - 31 March

Man, Isle of 1 April - 31 March

Marshall Islands 1 October - 30 September

Martinique calendar year

Mauritania calendar year

Mauritius 1 July - 30 June

Mayotte calendar year

Mexico calendar year

Micronesia, Federated States of 1 October - 30 September

Moldova calendar year

Monaco calendar year

Mongolia calendar year

Montserrat 1 April - 31 March

Morocco calendar year

Mozambique calendar year

Namibia 1 April - 31 March

Nauru 1 July - 30 June

Nepal 16 July - 15 July

Netherlands calendar year

Netherlands Antilles calendar year

New Caledonia calendar year

New Zealand 1 July - 30 June

Nicaragua calendar year

Niger calendar year

Nigeria calendar year

Niue 1 April - 31 March

Norfolk Island 1 July - 30 June

Northern Mariana Islands 1 October - 30 September

Norway calendar year

Oman calendar year

Pakistan 1 July - 30 June

Palau 1 October - 30 September

Panama calendar year

Papua New Guinea calendar year

Paraguay calendar year

Peru calendar year

Philippines calendar year

Pitcairn Islands 1 April - 31 March

Poland calendar year

Portugal calendar year

Puerto Rico 1 July - 30 June

Qatar 1 April - 31 March

Reunion calendar year

Romania calendar year

Russia calendar year

Rwanda calendar year

Saint Helena 1 April - 31 March

Saint Kitts and Nevis calendar year

Saint Lucia 1 April - 31 March

Saint Pierre and Miquelon calendar year

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines calendar year

Samoa June 1 - May 31

San Marino calendar year

Sao Tome and Principe calendar year

Saudi Arabia 1 March - 28 February

Senegal calendar year

Serbia and Montenegro calendar year

Seychelles calendar year

Sierra Leone calendar year

Singapore 1 April - 31 March

Slovakia calendar year

Slovenia calendar year

Solomon Islands calendar year

Somalia NA

South Africa 1 April - 31 March

Spain calendar year

Sri Lanka calendar year

Sudan calendar year

Suriname calendar year

Swaziland 1 April - 31 March

Sweden calendar year

Switzerland calendar year

Syria calendar year

Taiwan 1 July - 30 June (up to FY98/99); 1 July 1999 - 31 December 2000 for FY00; calendar year (after FY00)

Tajikistan calendar year

Tanzania 1 July - 30 June

Thailand 1 October - 30 September

Togo calendar year

Tokelau 1 April - 31 March

Tonga 1 July - 30 June

Trinidad and Tobago 1 October - 30 September

Tunisia calendar year

Turkey calendar year

Turkmenistan calendar year

Turks and Caicos Islands calendar year

Tuvalu calendar year

Uganda 1 July - 30 June

Ukraine calendar year

United Arab Emirates calendar year

United Kingdom 6 April - 5 April

United States 1 October - 30 September

Uruguay calendar year

Uzbekistan calendar year

Vanuatu calendar year

Venezuela calendar year

Vietnam calendar year

Virgin Islands 1 October - 30 September

Wallis and Futuna calendar year

West Bank calendar year (since 1 January 1992)

Western Sahara calendar year

Yemen calendar year

Zambia calendar year

Zimbabwe calendar year

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

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@2081 Flag description

Afghanistan three equal vertical bands of black (hoist), red, and green, with a gold emblem centered on the red band; the emblem features a temple-like structure encircled by a wreath on the left and right and by a bold Islamic inscription above

Akrotiri the flag of the UK is used

Albania red with a black two-headed eagle in the center

Algeria two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and white; a red, five-pointed star within a red crescent centered over the two-color boundary; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam (the state religion)

American Samoa blue, with a white triangle edged in red that is based on the outer side and extends to the hoist side; a brown and white American bald eagle flying toward the hoist side is carrying two traditional Samoan symbols of authority, a staff and a war club

Andorra three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red with the national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; the coat of arms features a quartered shield; similar to the flags of Chad and Romania, which do not have a national coat of arms in the center, and the flag of Moldova, which does bear a national emblem

Angola two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and black with a centered yellow emblem consisting of a five-pointed star within half a cogwheel crossed by a machete (in the style of a hammer and sickle)

Anguilla blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Anguillan coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts three orange dolphins in an interlocking circular design on a white background with blue wavy water below

Antigua and Barbuda red, with an inverted isosceles triangle based on the top edge of the flag; the triangle contains three horizontal bands of black (top), light blue, and white, with a yellow rising sun in the black band

Argentina three equal horizontal bands of light blue (top), white, and light blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face known as the Sun of May

Armenia three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, and orange

Aruba blue, with two narrow, horizontal, yellow stripes across the lower portion and a red, four-pointed star outlined in white in the upper hoist-side corner

Ashmore and Cartier Islands the flag of Australia is used

Australia blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large seven-pointed star in the lower hoist-side quadrant known as the Commonwealth Star, representing the federation of the colonies of Australia in 1901; the star depicts one point for each of the six original states and one representing all of Australia's internal and external territories; the remaining half is a representation of the Southern Cross constellation in white with one small five-pointed star and four larger, seven-pointed stars

Austria three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and red

Azerbaijan three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), red, and green; a crescent and eight-pointed star in white are centered in red band

Bahamas, The three equal horizontal bands of aquamarine (top), gold, and aquamarine, with a black equilateral triangle based on the hoist side

Bahrain red, the traditional color for flags of Persian Gulf states, with a white serrated band (five white points) on the hoist side; the five points represent the five pillars of Islam

Baker Island the flag of the US is used

Bangladesh green with a large red disk slightly to the hoist side of center; the red sun of freedom represents the blood shed to achieve independence; the green field symbolizes the lush countryside, and secondarily, the traditional color of Islam

Barbados three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold, and blue with the head of a black trident centered on the gold band; the trident head represents independence and a break with the past (the colonial coat of arms contained a complete trident)

Bassas da India the flag of France is used

Belarus red horizontal band (top) and green horizontal band one-half the width of the red band; a white vertical stripe on the hoist side bears Belarusian national ornamention in red

Belgium three equal vertical bands of black (hoist side), yellow, and red; the design was based on the flag of France

Belize blue with a narrow red stripe along the top and the bottom edges; centered is a large white disk bearing the coat of arms; the coat of arms features a shield flanked by two workers in front of a mahogany tree with the related motto SUB UMBRA FLOREO (I Flourish in the Shade) on a scroll at the bottom, all encircled by a green garland

Benin two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and red (bottom) with a vertical green band on the hoist side

Bermuda red, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and green shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag

Bhutan divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper triangle is yellow and the lower triangle is orange; centered along the dividing line is a large black and white dragon facing away from the hoist side

Bolivia three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with the coat of arms centered on the yellow band; similar to the flag of Ghana, which has a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band

Bosnia and Herzegovina a wide medium blue vertical band on the fly side with a yellow isosceles triangle abutting the band and the top of the flag; the remainder of the flag is medium blue with seven full five-pointed white stars and two half stars top and bottom along the hypotenuse of the triangle

Botswana light blue with a horizontal white-edged black stripe in the center

Bouvet Island the flag of Norway is used

Brazil green with a large yellow diamond in the center bearing a blue celestial globe with 27 white five-pointed stars (one for each state and the Federal District) arranged in the same pattern as the night sky over Brazil; the globe has a white equatorial band with the motto ORDEM E PROGRESSO (Order and Progress)

British Indian Ocean Territory white with six blue wavy horizontal stripes; the flag of the UK is in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the striped section bears a palm tree and yellow crown centered on the outer half of the flag

British Virgin Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Virgin Islander coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms depicts a woman flanked on either side by a vertical column of six oil lamps above a scroll bearing the Latin word VIGILATE (Be Watchful)

Brunei yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands

Bulgaria three equal horizontal bands of white (top), green, and red; note - the national emblem, formerly on the hoist side of the white stripe, has been removed

Burkina Faso two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a yellow five-pointed star in the center; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Burma red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing, 14 white five-pointed stars encircling a cogwheel containing a stalk of rice; the 14 stars represent the 7 administrative divisions and 7 states

Burundi divided by a white diagonal cross into red panels (top and bottom) and green panels (hoist side and outer side) with a white disk superimposed at the center bearing three red six-pointed stars outlined in green arranged in a triangular design (one star above, two stars below)

Cambodia three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (double width), and blue with a white three-towered temple representing Angkor Wat outlined in black in the center of the red band; only national flag to incorporate a building in its design

Cameroon three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), red, and yellow with a yellow five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Canada two vertical bands of red (hoist and fly side, half width), with white square between them; an 11-pointed red maple leaf is centered in the white square; the official colors of Canada are red and white

Cape Verde three horizontal bands of light blue (top, double width), white (with a horizontal red stripe in the middle third), and light blue; a circle of 10 yellow five-pointed stars is centered on the hoist end of the red stripe and extends into the upper and lower blue bands

Cayman Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Caymanian coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms includes a pineapple and turtle above a shield with three stars (representing the three islands) and a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto HE HATH FOUNDED IT UPON THE SEAS

Central African Republic four equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, green, and yellow with a vertical red band in center; there is a yellow five-pointed star on the hoist side of the blue band

Chad three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; similar to the flag of Romania; also similar to the flags of Andorra and Moldova, both of which have a national coat of arms centered in the yellow band; design was based on the flag of France

Chile two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; there is a blue square the same height as the white band at the hoist-side end of the white band; the square bears a white five-pointed star in the center representing a guide to progress and honor; blue symbolizes the sky, white is for the snow-covered Andes, and red stands for the blood spilled to achieve independence; design was influenced by the US flag

China red with a large yellow five-pointed star and four smaller yellow five-pointed stars (arranged in a vertical arc toward the middle of the flag) in the upper hoist-side corner

Christmas Island the flag of Australia is used; note - in early 1986, the Christmas Island Assembly held a design competition for an island flag, however, the winning design has never been formally adopted as the official flag of the territory

Clipperton Island the flag of France is used

Cocos (Keeling) Islands the flag of Australia is used

Colombia three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double-width), blue, and red; similar to the flag of Ecuador, which is longer and bears the Ecuadorian coat of arms superimposed in the center

Comoros four equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), white, red, and blue with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist; centered within the triangle is a white crescent with the convex side facing the hoist and four white, five-pointed stars placed vertically in a line between the points of the crescent; the horizontal bands and the four stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago - Mwali, Njazidja, Nzwani, and Mayotte (a territorial collectivity of France, but claimed by Comoros); the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Congo, Democratic Republic of the light blue with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center and a columnar arrangement of six small yellow five-pointed stars along the hoist side

Congo, Republic of the divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a yellow band; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Cook Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and a large circle of 15 white five-pointed stars (one for every island) centered in the outer half of the flag

Coral Sea Islands the flag of Australia is used

Costa Rica five horizontal bands of blue (top), white, red (double width), white, and blue, with the coat of arms in a white elliptical disk on the hoist side of the red band; above the coat of arms a light blue ribbon contains the words, AMERICA CENTRAL, and just below it near the top of the coat of arms is a white ribbon with the words, REPUBLICA COSTA RICA

Cote d'Ivoire three equal vertical bands of orange (hoist side), white, and green; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and has the colors reversed - green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is green (hoist side), white, and red; design was based on the flag of France

Croatia red, white, and blue horizontal bands with Croatian coat of arms (red and white checkered)

Cuba five equal horizontal bands of blue (top and bottom) alternating with white; a red equilateral triangle based on the hoist side bears a white, five-pointed star in the center; design influenced by the US flag

Cyprus white with a copper-colored silhouette of the island (the name Cyprus is derived from the Greek word for copper) above two green crossed olive branches in the center of the flag; the branches symbolize the hope for peace and reconciliation between the Greek and Turkish communities note: the "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" flag has a horizontal red stripe at the top and bottom between which is a red crescent and red star on a white field

Czech Republic two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side (identical to the flag of the former Czechoslovakia)

Denmark red with a white cross that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side, and that design element of the Dannebrog (Danish flag) was subsequently adopted by the other Nordic countries of Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden

Dhekelia the flag of the UK is used

Djibouti two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green with a white isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bearing a red five-pointed star in the center

Dominica green, with a centered cross of three equal bands - the vertical part is yellow (hoist side), black, and white and the horizontal part is yellow (top), black, and white; superimposed in the center of the cross is a red disk bearing a sisserou parrot encircled by 10 green, five-pointed stars edged in yellow; the 10 stars represent the 10 administrative divisions (parishes)

Dominican Republic a centered white cross that extends to the edges divides the flag into four rectangles - the top ones are blue (hoist side) and red, and the bottom ones are red (hoist side) and blue; a small coat of arms featuring a shield supported by an olive branch (left) and a palm branch (right) is at the center of the cross; above the shield a blue ribbon displays the motto, DIOS, PATRIA, LIBERTAD (God, Fatherland, Liberty), and below the shield, REPUBLICA DOMINICANA appears on a red ribbon

East Timor red, with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a slightly longer yellow arrowhead that extends to the center of the flag; there is a white star in the center of the black triangle

Ecuador three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia, which is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms

Egypt three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; the national emblem (a gold Eagle of Saladin facing the hoist side with a shield superimposed on its chest above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; design is based on the Arab Liberation flag and similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars, Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band, and Yemen, which has a plain white band

El Salvador three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band

Equatorial Guinea three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six yellow six-pointed stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield bearing a silk-cotton tree and below which is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)

Eritrea red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) dividing the flag into two right triangles; the upper triangle is green, the lower one is blue; a gold wreath encircling a gold olive branch is centered on the hoist side of the red triangle

Estonia pre-1940 flag restored by Supreme Soviet in May 1990 - three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), black, and white

Ethiopia three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and red with a yellow pentagram and single yellow rays emanating from the angles between the points on a light blue disk centered on the three bands; Ethiopia is the oldest independent country in Africa, and the three main colors of her flag were so often adopted by other African countries upon independence that they became known as the pan-African colors

Europa Island the flag of France is used

European Union on a blue field, 12 five-pointed gold stars arranged in a circle, representing the union of the peoples of Europe; the number of stars is fixed

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising was once the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT

Faroe Islands white with a red cross outlined in blue extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted toward the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

Fiji light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Fijian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield depicts a yellow lion above a white field quartered by the cross of Saint George featuring stalks of sugarcane, a palm tree, bananas, and a white dove

Finland white with a blue cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

France three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), white, and red; known as the "Le drapeau tricolore" (French Tricolor), the origin of the flag dates to 1790 and the French Revolution; the design and/or colors are similar to a number of other flags, including those of Belgium, Chad, Ireland, Cote d'Ivoire, Luxembourg, and Netherlands; the official flag for all French dependent areas

French Guiana the flag of France is used

French Polynesia two narrow red horizontal bands encase a wide white band; centered on the white band is a disk with blue and white wave pattern on the lower half and gold and white ray pattern on the upper half; a stylized red, blue and white ship rides on the wave pattern; the French flag is used for official occasions

French Southern and Antarctic Lands the flag of France is used

Gabon three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue

Gambia, The three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and green

Georgia white rectangle, in its central portion a red cross connecting all four sides of the flag; in each of the four corners is a small red bolnur-katskhuri cross; the five-cross flag appears to date back to the 14th century

Germany three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and gold

Ghana three equal horizontal bands of red (top), yellow, and green with a large black five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia; similar to the flag of Bolivia, which has a coat of arms centered in the yellow band

Gibraltar two horizontal bands of white (top, double width) and red with a three-towered red castle in the center of the white band; hanging from the castle gate is a gold key centered in the red band

Glorioso Islands the flag of France is used

Greece nine equal horizontal stripes of blue alternating with white; there is a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white cross; the cross symbolizes Greek Orthodoxy, the established religion of the country

Greenland two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red with a large disk slightly to the hoist side of center - the top half of the disk is red, the bottom half is white

Grenada a rectangle divided diagonally into yellow triangles (top and bottom) and green triangles (hoist side and outer side), with a red border around the flag; there are seven yellow, five-pointed stars with three centered in the top red border, three centered in the bottom red border, and one on a red disk superimposed at the center of the flag; there is also a symbolic nutmeg pod on the hoist-side triangle (Grenada is the world's second-largest producer of nutmeg, after Indonesia); the seven stars represent the seven administrative divisions

Guadeloupe the flag of France is used

Guam territorial flag is dark blue with a narrow red border on all four sides; centered is a red-bordered, pointed, vertical ellipse containing a beach scene, outrigger canoe with sail, and a palm tree with the word GUAM superimposed in bold red letters; US flag is the national flag

Guatemala three equal vertical bands of light blue (hoist side), white, and light blue with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms includes a green and red quetzal (the national bird) and a scroll bearing the inscription LIBERTAD 15 DE SEPTIEMBRE DE 1821 (the original date of independence from Spain) all superimposed on a pair of crossed rifles and a pair of crossed swords and framed by a wreath

Guernsey white with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) extending to the edges of the flag and a yellow equal-armed cross of William the Conqueror superimposed on the Saint George cross

Guinea three equal vertical bands of red (hoist side), yellow, and green; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Guinea-Bissau two equal horizontal bands of yellow (top) and green with a vertical red band on the hoist side; there is a black five-pointed star centered in the red band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Guyana green, with a red isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a long, yellow arrowhead; there is a narrow, black border between the red and yellow, and a narrow, white border between the yellow and the green

Haiti two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a centered white rectangle bearing the coat of arms, which contains a palm tree flanked by flags and two cannons above a scroll bearing the motto L'UNION FAIT LA FORCE (Union Makes Strength)

Heard Island and McDonald Islands the flag of Australia is used

Holy See (Vatican City) two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the crossed keys of Saint Peter and the papal miter centered in the white band

Honduras three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with five blue, five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band; the stars represent the members of the former Federal Republic of Central America - Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which features a triangle encircled by the word REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom, centered in the white band

Hong Kong red with a stylized, white, five-petal bauhinia flower in the center

Howland Island the flag of the US is used

Hungary three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green

Iceland blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

India three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange) (top), white, and green with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Niger, which has a small orange disk centered in the white band

Indonesia two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Monaco, which is shorter; also similar to the flag of Poland, which is white (top) and red

Iran three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red; the national emblem (a stylized representation of the word Allah in the shape of a tulip, a symbol of martyrdom) in red is centered in the white band; ALLAH AKBAR (God is Great) in white Arabic script is repeated 11 times along the bottom edge of the green band and 11 times along the top edge of the red band

Iraq three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with three green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; the phrase ALLAHU AKBAR (God is Great) in green Arabic script - Allahu to the right of the middle star and Akbar to the left of the middle star - was added in January 1991 during the Persian Gulf crisis; similar to the flag of Syria, which has two stars but no script, Yemen, which has a plain white band, and that of Egypt which has a gold Eagle of Saladin centered in the white band; design is based upon the Arab Liberation colors

Ireland three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and orange; similar to the flag of Cote d'Ivoire, which is shorter and has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green; also similar to the flag of Italy, which is shorter and has colors of green (hoist side), white, and red

Israel white with a blue hexagram (six-pointed linear star) known as the Magen David (Shield of David) centered between two equal horizontal blue bands near the top and bottom edges of the flag

Italy three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; similar to the flag of Ireland, which is longer and is green (hoist side), white, and orange; also similar to the flag of the Cote d'Ivoire, which has the colors reversed - orange (hoist side), white, and green note: inspired by the French flag brought to Italy by Napoleon in 1797

Jamaica diagonal yellow cross divides the flag into four triangles - green (top and bottom) and black (hoist side and outer side)

Jan Mayen the flag of Norway is used

Japan white with a large red disk (representing the sun without rays) in the center

Jarvis Island the flag of the US is used

Jersey white with a diagonal red cross extending to the corners of the flag; in the upper quadrant, surmounted by a yellow crown, a red shield with the three lions of England in yellow

Johnston Atoll the flag of the US is used

Jordan three equal horizontal bands of black (top), representing the Abbassid Caliphate, white, representing the Ummayyad Caliphate, and green, representing the Fatimid Caliphate; a red isosceles triangle on the hoist side, representing the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and bearing a small white seven-pointed star symbolizing the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Holy Koran; the seven points on the star represent faith in One God, humanity, national spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations; design is based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I

Juan de Nova Island the flag of France is used

Kazakhstan sky blue background representing the endless sky and a gold sun with 32 rays soaring above a golden steppe eagle in the center; on the hoist side is a "national ornamentation" in gold

Kenya three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green; the red band is edged in white; a large warrior's shield covering crossed spears is superimposed at the center

Kingman Reef the flag of the US is used

Kiribati the upper half is red with a yellow frigate bird flying over a yellow rising sun, and the lower half is blue with three horizontal wavy white stripes to represent the ocean

Korea, North three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in white; on the hoist side of the red band is a white disk with a red five-pointed star

Korea, South white with a red (top) and blue yin-yang symbol in the center; there is a different black trigram from the ancient I Ching (Book of Changes) in each corner of the white field

Kuwait three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red with a black trapezoid based on the hoist side; design, which dates to 1961, based on the Arab revolt flag of World War I

Kyrgyzstan red field with a yellow sun in the center having 40 rays representing the 40 Kyrgyz tribes; on the obverse side the rays run counterclockwise, on the reverse, clockwise; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines, a stylized representation of the roof of the traditional Kyrgyz yurt

Laos three horizontal bands of red (top), blue (double width), and red with a large white disk centered in the blue band

Latvia three horizontal bands of maroon (top), white (half-width), and maroon

Lebanon three horizontal bands consisting of red (top), white (middle, double width), and red (bottom) with a green cedar tree centered in the white band

Lesotho divided diagonally from the lower hoist side corner; the upper half is white, bearing the brown silhouette of a large shield with crossed spear and club; the lower half is a diagonal blue band with a green triangle in the corner

Liberia 11 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a white five-pointed star on a blue square in the upper hoist-side corner; the design was based on the US flag

Libya plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion)

Liechtenstein two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red with a gold crown on the hoist side of the blue band

Lithuania three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red

Luxembourg three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and light blue; similar to the flag of the Netherlands, which uses a darker blue and is shorter; design was based on the flag of France

Macau light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller

Macedonia a yellow sun with eight broadening rays extending to the edges of the red field

Madagascar two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a vertical white band of the same width on hoist side

Malawi three equal horizontal bands of black (top), red, and green with a radiant, rising, red sun centered in the black band

Malaysia 14 equal horizontal stripes of red (top) alternating with white (bottom); there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a yellow crescent and a yellow 14-pointed star; the crescent and the star are traditional symbols of Islam; the design was based on the flag of the US

Maldives red with a large green rectangle in the center bearing a vertical white crescent; the closed side of the crescent is on the hoist side of the flag

Mali three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Malta two equal vertical bands of white (hoist side) and red; in the upper hoist-side corner is a representation of the George Cross, edged in red

Man, Isle of red with the Three Legs of Man emblem (Trinacria), in the center; the three legs are joined at the thigh and bent at the knee; in order to have the toes pointing clockwise on both sides of the flag, a two-sided emblem is used

Marshall Islands blue with two stripes radiating from the lower hoist-side corner - orange (top) and white; there is a white star with four large rays and 20 small rays on the hoist side above the two stripes

Martinique a light blue background is divided into four quadrants by a white cross; in the center of each rectangle is a white snake; the flag of France is used for official occasions

Mauritania green with a yellow five-pointed star above a yellow, horizontal crescent; the closed side of the crescent is down; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Mauritius four equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue, yellow, and green

Mayotte the flag of France is used

Mexico three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and red; the coat of arms (an eagle perched on a cactus with a snake in its beak) is centered in the white band

Micronesia, Federated States of light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern

Midway Islands the flag of the US is used

Moldova same color scheme as Romania - three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; emblem in center of flag is of a Roman eagle of gold outlined in black with a red beak and talons carrying a yellow cross in its beak and a green olive branch in its right talons and a yellow scepter in its left talons; on its breast is a shield divided horizontally red over blue with a stylized ox head, star, rose, and crescent all in black-outlined yellow

Monaco two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; similar to the flag of Indonesia which is longer and the flag of Poland which is white (top) and red

Mongolia three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), blue, and red; centered on the hoist-side red band in yellow is the national emblem ("soyombo" - a columnar arrangement of abstract and geometric representation for fire, sun, moon, earth, water, and the yin-yang symbol)

Montserrat blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Montserratian coat of arms centered in the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a woman standing beside a yellow harp with her arm around a black cross

Morocco red with a green pentacle (five-pointed, linear star) known as Sulayman's (Solomon's) seal in the center of the flag; red and green are traditional colors in Arab flags, although the use of red is more commonly associated with the Arab states of the Persian gulf; design dates to 1912

Mozambique three equal horizontal bands of green (top), black, and yellow with a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; the black band is edged in white; centered in the triangle is a yellow five-pointed star bearing a crossed rifle and hoe in black superimposed on an open white book

Namibia a large blue triangle with a yellow sunburst fills the upper left section and an equal green triangle (solid) fills the lower right section; the triangles are separated by a red stripe that is contrasted by two narrow white-edge borders

Nauru blue with a narrow, horizontal, yellow stripe across the center and a large white 12-pointed star below the stripe on the hoist side; the star indicates the country's location in relation to the Equator (the yellow stripe) and the 12 points symbolize the 12 original tribes of Nauru

Navassa Island the flag of the US is used

Nepal red with a blue border around the unique shape of two overlapping right triangles; the smaller, upper triangle bears a white stylized moon and the larger, lower triangle bears a white 12-pointed sun

Netherlands three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue; similar to the flag of Luxembourg, which uses a lighter blue and is longer; one of the oldest flags in constant use, originating with WILLIAM I, Prince of Orange, in the latter half of the 16th century

Netherlands Antilles white, with a horizontal blue stripe in the center superimposed on a vertical red band, also centered; five white, five-pointed stars are arranged in an oval pattern in the center of the blue band; the five stars represent the five main islands of Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint Eustatius, and Sint Maarten

New Caledonia the flag of France is used

New Zealand blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation

Nicaragua three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on the top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; similar to the flag of El Salvador, which features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band

Niger three equal horizontal bands of orange (top), white, and green with a small orange disk (representing the sun) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of India, which has a blue spoked wheel centered in the white band

Nigeria three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green

Niue yellow with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the flag of the UK bears five yellow five-pointed stars - a large one on a blue disk in the center and a smaller one on each arm of the bold red cross

Norfolk Island three vertical bands of green (hoist side), white, and green with a large green Norfolk Island pine tree centered in the slightly wider white band

Northern Mariana Islands blue, with a white, five-pointed star superimposed on the gray silhouette of a latte stone (a traditional foundation stone used in building) in the center, surrounded by a wreath

Norway red with a blue cross outlined in white that extends to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

Oman three horizontal bands of white, red, and green of equal width with a broad, vertical, red band on the hoist side; the national emblem (a khanjar dagger in its sheath superimposed on two crossed swords in scabbards) in white is centered near the top of the vertical band

Pakistan green with a vertical white band (symbolizing the role of religious minorities) on the hoist side; a large white crescent and star are centered in the green field; the crescent, star, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam

Palau light blue with a large yellow disk (representing the moon) shifted slightly to the hoist side

Palmyra Atoll the flag of the US is used

Panama divided into four, equal rectangles; the top quadrants are white (hoist side) with a blue five-pointed star in the center and plain red; the bottom quadrants are plain blue (hoist side) and white with a red five-pointed star in the center

Papua New Guinea divided diagonally from upper hoist-side corner; the upper triangle is red with a soaring yellow bird of paradise centered; the lower triangle is black with five, white, five-pointed stars of the Southern Cross constellation centered

Paraguay three equal, horizontal bands of red (top), white, and blue with an emblem centered in the white band; unusual flag in that the emblem is different on each side; the obverse (hoist side at the left) bears the national coat of arms (a yellow five-pointed star within a green wreath capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles); the reverse (hoist side at the right) bears the seal of the treasury (a yellow lion below a red Cap of Liberty and the words Paz y Justicia (Peace and Justice) capped by the words REPUBLICA DEL PARAGUAY, all within two circles)

Peru three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath

Philippines two equal horizontal bands of blue (top; representing peace and justice) and red (representing courage); a white equilateral triangle based on the hoist side represents equality; the center of the triangle displays a yellow sun with eight primary rays, each representing one of the first eight provinces that sought independence from Spain; each corner of the triangle contains a small, yellow, five-pointed star representing the three major geographical divisions of the country: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao; the design of the flag dates to 1897; in wartime the flag is flown upside down with the red band at the top

Pitcairn Islands blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Pitcairn Islander coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms is yellow, green, and light blue with a shield featuring a yellow anchor

Poland two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and red; similar to the flags of Indonesia and Monaco which are red (top) and white

Portugal two vertical bands of green (hoist side, two-fifths) and red (three-fifths) with the Portuguese coat of arms centered on the dividing line

Puerto Rico five equal horizontal bands of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; a blue isosceles triangle based on the hoist side bears a large, white, five-pointed star in the center; design initially influenced by the US flag, but similar to the Cuban flag, with the colors of the bands and triangle reversed

Qatar maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side

Reunion the flag of France is used

Romania three equal vertical bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, and red; the national coat of arms that used to be centered in the yellow band has been removed; now similar to the flag of Chad, also resembles the flags of Andorra and Moldova

Russia three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red

Rwanda three horizontal bands of sky blue (top, double width), yellow, and green, with a golden sun with 24 rays near the fly end of the blue band

Saint Helena blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Saint Helenian shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield features a rocky coastline and three-masted sailing ship

Saint Kitts and Nevis divided diagonally from the lower hoist side by a broad black band bearing two white, five-pointed stars; the black band is edged in yellow; the upper triangle is green, the lower triangle is red

Saint Lucia blue, with a gold isosceles triangle below a black arrowhead; the upper edges of the arrowhead have a white border

Saint Pierre and Miquelon a yellow sailing ship facing the hoist side rides on a dark blue background with yellow wavy lines under the ship; on the hoist side, a vertical band is divided into three parts: the top part (called ikkurina) is red with a green diagonal cross extending to the corners overlaid by a white cross dividing the rectangle into four sections; the middle part has a white background with an ermine pattern; the third part has a red background with two stylized yellow lions outlined in black, one above the other; these three heraldic arms represent settlement by colonists from the Basque Country (top), Brittany, and Normandy; the flag of France is used for official occasions

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines three vertical bands of blue (hoist side), gold (double width), and green; the gold band bears three green diamonds arranged in a V pattern

Samoa red with a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side quadrant bearing five white five-pointed stars representing the Southern Cross constellation

San Marino two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue with the national coat of arms superimposed in the center; the coat of arms has a shield (featuring three towers on three peaks) flanked by a wreath, below a crown and above a scroll bearing the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)

Sao Tome and Principe three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double width), and green with two black five-pointed stars placed side by side in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the hoist side; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Saudi Arabia green, a traditional color in Islamic flags, with the Shahada or Muslim creed in large white Arabic script (translated as "There is no god but God; Muhammad is the Messenger of God") above a white horizontal saber (the tip points to the hoist side); design dates to the early twentieth century and is closely associated with the Al Saud family which established the kingdom in 1932

Senegal three equal vertical bands of green (hoist side), yellow, and red with a small green five-pointed star centered in the yellow band; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Serbia and Montenegro three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and red

Seychelles five oblique bands of blue (hoist side), yellow, red, white, and green (bottom) radiating from the bottom of the hoist side

Sierra Leone three equal horizontal bands of light green (top), white, and light blue

Singapore two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; near the hoist side of the red band, there is a vertical, white crescent (closed portion is toward the hoist side) partially enclosing five white five-pointed stars arranged in a circle

Slovakia three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red superimposed with the Slovak cross in a shield centered on the hoist side; the cross is white centered on a background of red and blue

Slovenia three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red, with the Slovenian seal (a shield with the image of Triglav, Slovenia's highest peak, in white against a blue background at the center; beneath it are two wavy blue lines depicting seas and rivers, and above it are three six-pointed stars arranged in an inverted triangle, which are taken from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje, the great Slovene dynastic house of the late 14th and early 15th centuries); the seal is located in the upper hoist side of the flag centered in the white and blue bands

Solomon Islands divided diagonally by a thin yellow stripe from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is blue with five white five-pointed stars arranged in an X pattern; the lower triangle is green

Somalia light blue with a large white five-pointed star in the center; blue field influenced by the flag of the UN

South Africa two equal width horizontal bands of red (top) and blue separated by a central green band which splits into a horizontal Y, the arms of which end at the corners of the hoist side; the Y embraces a black isosceles triangle from which the arms are separated by narrow yellow bands; the red and blue bands are separated from the green band and its arms by narrow white stripes

South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the Lion Protect its Own Land)

Spain three horizontal bands of red (top), yellow (double width), and red with the national coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band; the coat of arms includes the royal seal framed by the Pillars of Hercules, which are the two promontories (Gibraltar and Ceuta) on either side of the eastern end of the Strait of Gibraltar

Sri Lanka yellow with two panels; the smaller hoist-side panel has two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and orange; the other panel is a large dark red rectangle with a yellow lion holding a sword, and there is a yellow bo leaf in each corner; the yellow field appears as a border around the entire flag and extends between the two panels

Sudan three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with a green isosceles triangle based on the hoist side

Suriname five horizontal bands of green (top, double width), white, red (quadruple width), white, and green (double width); there is a large, yellow, five-pointed star centered in the red band

Svalbard the flag of Norway is used

Swaziland three horizontal bands of blue (top), red (triple width), and blue; the red band is edged in yellow; centered in the red band is a large black and white shield covering two spears and a staff decorated with feather tassels, all placed horizontally

Sweden blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the vertical part of the cross is shifted to the hoist side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)

Switzerland red square with a bold, equilateral white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag

Syria three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black, colors associated with the Arab Liberation flag; two small green five-pointed stars in a horizontal line centered in the white band; former flag of the United Arab Republic where the two stars represented the constituent states of Syria and Egypt; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band, Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band, and that of Egypt, which has a gold Eagle of Saladin centered in the white band; the current design dates to 1980

Taiwan red with a dark blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing a white sun with 12 triangular rays

Tajikistan three horizontal stripes of red (top), a wider stripe of white, and green; a gold crown surmounted by seven gold, five-pointed stars is located in the center of the white stripe

Tanzania divided diagonally by a yellow-edged black band from the lower hoist-side corner; the upper triangle (hoist side) is green and the lower triangle is blue

Thailand five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double width), white, and red

Togo five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia

Tokelau the flag of New Zealand is used

Tonga red with a bold red cross on a white rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner

Trinidad and Tobago red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper hoist side to the lower fly side

Tromelin Island the flag of France is used

Tunisia red with a white disk in the center bearing a red crescent nearly encircling a red five-pointed star; the crescent and star are traditional symbols of Islam

Turkey red with a vertical white crescent (the closed portion is toward the hoist side) and white five-pointed star centered just outside the crescent opening

Turkmenistan green field with a vertical red stripe near the hoist side, containing five carpet guls (designs used in producing rugs) stacked above two crossed olive branches similar to the olive branches on the UN flag; a white crescent moon and five white stars appear in the upper corner of the field just to the fly side of the red stripe

Turks and Caicos Islands blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the colonial shield centered on the outer half of the flag; the shield is yellow and contains a conch shell, lobster, and cactus

Tuvalu light blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant; the outer half of the flag represents a map of the country with nine yellow five-pointed stars symbolizing the nine islands

Uganda six equal horizontal bands of black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red; a white disk is superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national symbol) facing the hoist side

Ukraine two equal horizontal bands of azure (top) and golden yellow represent grainfields under a blue sky

United Arab Emirates three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and black with a wider vertical red band on the hoist side

United Kingdom blue field with the red cross of Saint George (patron saint of England) edged in white superimposed on the diagonal red cross of Saint Patrick (patron saint of Ireland), which is superimposed on the diagonal white cross of Saint Andrew (patron saint of Scotland); properly known as the Union Flag, but commonly called the Union Jack; the design and colors (especially the Blue Ensign) have been the basis for a number of other flags including other Commonwealth countries and their constituent states or provinces, as well as British overseas territories

United States 13 equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars (top and bottom) alternating with rows of five stars; the 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; known as Old Glory; the design and colors have been the basis for a number of other flags, including Chile, Liberia, Malaysia, and Puerto Rico

Uruguay nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy

Uzbekistan three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and green separated by red fimbriations with a white crescent moon and 12 white stars in the upper hoist-side quadrant

Vanuatu two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and green with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) all separated by a black-edged yellow stripe in the shape of a horizontal Y (the two points of the Y face the hoist side and enclose the triangle); centered in the triangle is a boar's tusk encircling two crossed namele leaves, all in yellow

Venezuela three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), blue, and red with the coat of arms on the hoist side of the yellow band and an arc of seven white five-pointed stars centered in the blue band

Vietnam red with a large yellow five-pointed star in the center

Virgin Islands white, with a modified US coat of arms in the center between the large blue initials V and I; the coat of arms shows a yellow eagle holding an olive branch in one talon and three arrows in the other with a superimposed shield of vertical red and white stripes below a blue panel

Wake Island the flag of the US is used

Wallis and Futuna a large white modified Maltese cross - shifted a little off center toward the fly and slightly downward - on a red background; the flag of France outlined in white on two sides is in the upper hoist quadrant; the flag of France is used for official occasions

Yemen three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black; similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars and of Iraq which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band; also similar to the flag of Egypt, which has a heraldic eagle centered in the white band

Zambia green with a panel of three vertical bands of red (hoist side), black, and orange below a soaring orange eagle, on the outer edge of the flag

Zimbabwe seven equal horizontal bands of green, yellow, red, black, red, yellow, and green with a white isosceles triangle edged in black with its base on the hoist side; a yellow Zimbabwe bird representing the long history of the country is superimposed on a red five-pointed star in the center of the triangle, which symbolizes peace; green symbolizes agriculture, yellow - mineral wealth, red - blood shed to achieve independence, and black stands for the native people

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

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@2085 Highways (km)

Afghanistan total: 21,000 km paved: 2,793 km unpaved: 18,207 km (1999 est.)

Albania total: 18,000 km paved: 5,400 km unpaved: 12,600 km (2002)

Algeria total: 104,000 km paved: 71,656 km (including 640 km of expressways) unpaved: 32,344 km (1999)

American Samoa total: 185 km paved: 185 km unpaved: 0 km (2004)

Andorra total: 269 km paved: 198 km unpaved: 71 km

Angola total: 51,429 km paved: 5,328 km unpaved: 46,101 km (2001)

Anguilla total: 105 km paved: 65 km unpaved: 40 km (1997)

Antigua and Barbuda total: 250 km (1999 est.)

Argentina total: 215,471 km paved: 63,348 km (including 734 km of expressways) unpaved: 152,123 km (1999)

Armenia total: 8,431 km paved: 8,161 km (includes 7,567 km of expressways) unpaved: 270 km (2002)

Aruba total: 800 km paved: 513 km unpaved: 287 km note: most coastal roads are paved, while unpaved roads serve large tracts of the interior (1995)

Australia total: 811,603 km paved: 314,090 km (including 18,619 km of expressways) unpaved: 497,513 km (1999 est.)

Austria total: 200,000 km paved: 200,000 km (including 1,645 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Azerbaijan total: 28,030 km paved: 25,890 km unpaved: 2,130 km (2002)

Bahamas, The total: 2,693 km paved: 1,546 km unpaved: 1,147 km (1999 est.)

Bahrain total: 3,459 km paved: 2,653 km unpaved: 806 km (2002)

Bangladesh total: 207,486 km paved: 19,773 km unpaved: 187,713 km (1999)

Barbados total: 1,600 km paved: 1,578 km unpaved: 22 km (2002)

Belarus total: 79,990 km paved: 69,351 km unpaved: 10,639 km (2002)

Belgium total: 149,028 km paved: 116,540 km (including 1,729 km of expressways) unpaved: 32,488 km (2002)

Belize total: 2,872 km paved: 488 km unpaved: 2,384 km (1999 est.)

Benin total: 6,787 km paved: 1,357 km (including 10 km of expressways) unpaved: 5,430 km (1999 est.)

Bermuda total: 450 km paved: 450 km unpaved: 0 km note: public roads - 209 km; private roads - 241 km (2002)

Bhutan total: 4,007 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 3,983 km (2002)

Bolivia total: 60,282 km paved: 3,979 km unpaved: 56,303 km (2002)

Bosnia and Herzegovina total: 21,846 km paved: 11,424 km unpaved: 10,422 km (1999 est.)

Botswana total: 10,217 km paved: 5,619 km unpaved: 4,598 km (1999)

Brazil total: 1,724,929 km paved: 94,871 km unpaved: 1,630,058 km (2000)

British Indian Ocean Territory total: NA km paved: short section of paved road between port and airfield on Diego Garcia unpaved: NA km

British Virgin Islands total: 177 km paved: 177 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)

Brunei total: 2,525 km paved: 2,525 km unpaved: 0 km (2000)

Bulgaria total: 37,077 km paved: 34,111 km (including 328 km of expressways) unpaved: 2,966 km (2002)

Burkina Faso total: 12,506 km paved: 2,001 km unpaved: 10,505 km (1999)

Burma total: 28,200 km paved: 3,440 km unpaved: 24,760 km (1996 est.)

Burundi total: 14,480 km paved: 1,028 km unpaved: 13,452 km (1999 est.)

Cambodia total: 12,323 km paved: 1,996 km unpaved: 10,327 km (2000 est)

Cameroon total: 34,300 km paved: 4,288 km unpaved: 30,012 km (1999 est.)

Canada total: 1,408,800 km paved: 497,306 km (including 16,900 km of expressways) unpaved: 911,494 km (2002)

Cape Verde total: 1,350 km paved: 932 km unpaved: 418 km (2000)

Cayman Islands total: 785 km paved: 785 km (2000)

Central African Republic total: 23,810 km paved: 643 km unpaved: 23,167 km (1999 est.)

Chad total: 33,400 km paved: 267 km unpaved: 33,133 km (1999 est.)

Chile total: 79,605 km paved: 16,080 km (including 407 km of expressways) unpaved: 63,525 km (2001)

China total: 1,765,222 km paved: 395,410 km (with at least 25,130 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,369,812 km (2002 est.)

Christmas Island total: 240 km paved: 30 km unpaved: 210 km (2000)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands total: 15 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (2003)

Colombia total: 112,998 km paved: 26,000 km unpaved: 84,000 km (2000)

Comoros total: 880 km paved: 673 km unpaved: 207 km (1999 est)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the total: 157,000 km (including 30 km of expressways) paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)

Congo, Republic of the total: 12,800 km paved: 1,242 km unpaved: 11,558 km (1999 est.)

Cook Islands total: 320 km paved: 33 km unpaved: 287 km (2000)

Costa Rica total: 35,303 km paved: 4,236 km unpaved: 31,067 km (2002)

Cote d'Ivoire total: 50,400 km paved: 4,889 km unpaved: 45,511 km (1999 est.)

Croatia total: 28,344 km paved: 23,979 km (including 455 km of expressways) unpaved: 4,365 km (2002)

Cuba total: 60,858 km paved: 29,820 km (including 638 km of expressway) unpaved: 31,038 km (1999 est.)

Cyprus total: 13,943 km (Republic of Cyprus: 11,593 km; north Cyprus: 2,350 km) paved: Republic of Cyprus: 7,211 km; north Cyprus: 1,370 km unpaved: Republic of Cyprus: 4,382 km; north Cyprus: 980 km (2002/1996 est.)

Czech Republic total: 127,204 km paved: 127,204 km (including 518 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Denmark total: 71,847 km paved: 71,847 km (including 918 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Djibouti total: 2,890 km paved: 364 km unpaved: 2,526 km (1999 est.)

Dominica total: 780 km paved: 393 km unpaved: 387 km (1999 est.)

Dominican Republic total: 12,600 km paved: 6,224 km unpaved: 6,376 km (1999)

East Timor total: 3,800 km paved: 428 km unpaved: 3,372 km (1995)

Ecuador total: 43,197 km paved: 8,164 km unpaved: 35,033 km (2002)

Egypt total: 64,000 km paved: 49,984 km unpaved: 14,016 km (1999 est.)

El Salvador total: 10,029 km paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways) unpaved: 8,043 km (1999 est.)

Equatorial Guinea total: 2,880 km (1999 est.)

Eritrea total: 4,010 km paved: 874 km unpaved: 3,136 km (1999 est.)

Estonia total: 55,944 km paved: 13,874 km (including 99 km of expressways) unpaved: 42,070 km (2002)

Ethiopia total: 33,297 km paved: 3,996 km unpaved: 29,301 km (2002)

European Union total: 4,634,810 km (including 56,704 km of expressways) paved: 4,161,318 km unpaved: 473,492 km (1999-2000)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) total: 440 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 390 km (2002)

Faroe Islands total: 463 km paved: 454 km unpaved: 9 km (1999)

Fiji total: 3,440 km paved: 1,692 km unpaved: 1,748 km (1999 est.)

Finland total: 78,197 km paved: 50,539 km (including 794 km of expressways) unpaved: 27,658 km (2004)

France total: 893,100 km paved: 893,100 km (including 12,000 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

French Guiana total: 817 km (1998)

French Polynesia total: 2,590 km paved: 1,735 km unpaved: 855 km (1999)

Gabon total: 8,464 km paved: 838 km unpaved: 7,626 km (2000 est.)

Gambia, The total: 2,700 km paved: 956 km unpaved: 1,744 km (1999)

Gaza Strip total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km note: small, poorly developed road network

Georgia total: 20,229 km paved: 18,914 km unpaved: 1,315 km (2002)

Germany total: 230,735 km paved: 230,735 km (including 11,515 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999)

Ghana total: 46,176 km paved: 8,496 km unpaved: 37,679 km (1999 est.)

Gibraltar total: 29 km paved: 29 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Greece total: 117,000 km paved: 107,406 km (including 470 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,594 km (1999 est.)

Greenland total: NA (there are no roads between towns) (2003)

Grenada total: 1,040 km paved: 638 km unpaved: 402 km (1999 est.)

Guadeloupe total: 947 km (2002)

Guam total: 977 km paved: 962 km unpaved: 15 km (2004)

Guatemala total: 14,118 km paved: 4,871 km (including 74 km of expressways) unpaved: 9,247 km (1999)

Guernsey total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Guinea total: 30,500 km paved: 5,033 km unpaved: 25,467 km (1999 est.)

Guinea-Bissau total: 4,400 km paved: 453 km unpaved: 3,947 km (1999 est.)

Guyana total: 7,970 km paved: 590 km unpaved: 7,380 km (1999 est.)

Haiti total: 4,160 km paved: 1,011 km unpaved: 3,149 km (1999 est.)

Holy See (Vatican City) none; all city streets

Honduras total: 13,603 km paved: 2,775 km unpaved: 10,828 km (1999 est.)

Hong Kong total: 1,831 km paved: 1,831 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)

Hungary total: 159,568 km paved: 70,050 km (including 533 km of expressways) unpaved: 89,518 km (2002)

Iceland total: 13,004 km paved/oiled gravel: 4,331 km unpaved: 8,673 km (2004)

India total: 2,525,989 km paved: 1,448,655 km unpaved: 1,077,334 km (1999)

Indonesia total: 342,700 km paved: 158,670 km unpaved: 184,030 km (1999 est.)

Iran total: 167,157 km paved: 94,109 km (including 890 km of expressways) unpaved: 73,048 km (1998)

Iraq total: 45,550 km paved: 38,399 km unpaved: 7,151 km (1999)

Ireland total: 95,736 km paved: 95,736 km (including 125 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Israel total: 16,903 km paved: 16,903 km (including 56 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Italy total: 479,688 km paved: 479,688 km (including 6,621 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999)

Jamaica total: 18,700 km paved: 13,109 km unpaved: 5,591 km (1999 est.)

Japan total: 1,171,647 km paved: 903,340 km (including 6,851 km of expressways) unpaved: 268,307 km (2001)

Jersey total: 577 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Jordan total: 7,301 km paved: 7,301 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Kazakhstan total: 82,980 km paved: 77,918 km unpaved: 5,062 km (2002)

Kenya total: 63,942 km paved: 7,737 km unpaved: 56,205 km (2000)

Kiribati total: 670 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1999 est.)

Korea, North total: 31,200 km paved: 1,997 km unpaved: 29,203 km (1999 est.)

Korea, South total: 86,990 km paved: 66,721 km (including 1,996 km of expressways) unpaved: 20,269 km (2001)

Kuwait total: 4,450 km paved: 3,587 km unpaved: 863 km (1999 est.)

Kyrgyzstan total: 18,500 km paved: 16,854 km (including 140 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,646 km (1999 est.)

Laos total: 21,716 km paved: 9,664 km unpaved: 12,052 km (1999 est.)

Latvia total: 60,472 km paved: 57,206 km unpaved: 3,265 km (2002)

Lebanon total: 7,300 km paved: 6,198 km unpaved: 1,102 km (1999 est.)

Lesotho total: 5,940 km paved: 1,087 km unpaved: 4,853 km (1999)

Liberia total: 10,600 km paved: 657 km unpaved: 9,943 km (1999 est.)

Libya total: 83,200 km paved: 47,590 km unpaved: 35,610 km (1999 est.)

Liechtenstein total: 250 km paved: 250 km unpaved: 0 km

Lithuania total: 77,148 km paved: 69,202 km (including 417 km of expressways) unpaved: 7,946 km (2002)

Luxembourg total: 5,210 km paved: 5,210 km (including 126 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Macau total: 341 km paved: 341 km unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Macedonia total: 8,684 km paved: 5,540 km (including 133 km of expressways) unpaved: 3,144 km (1999 est.)

Madagascar total: 49,827 km paved: 5,780 km unpaved: 44,047 km (1999 est.)

Malawi total: 28,400 km paved: 5,254 km unpaved: 23,146 km (1999 est.)

Malaysia total: 65,877 km paved: 51,318 km unpaved: 14,559 km (2001)

Maldives total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Mali total: 15,100 km paved: 1,827 km unpaved: 13,273 km (1999 est.)

Malta total: 2,222 km paved: 2,000 km unpaved: 222 km (2002)

Man, Isle of total: 800 km paved: 800 km unpaved: 0 km (1999)

Marshall Islands total: 64.5 km paved: 64.5 km unpaved: NA km note: paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks (2002)

Martinique total: 2,105 km (2000)

Mauritania total: 7,660 km paved: 866 km unpaved: 6,794 km (1999 est.)

Mauritius total: 2,000 km paved: 1,960 km (including 60 km of expressways) unpaved: 40 km (2002)

Mayotte total: 93 km paved: 72 km unpaved: 21 km

Mexico total: 329,532 km paved: 108,087 km (including 6,429 km of expressways) unpaved: 221,445 km (1999 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of total: 240 km paved: 42 km unpaved: 198 km (1999 est.)

Midway Islands total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Moldova total: 12,719 km paved: 10,977 km unpaved: 1,742 km (2002)

Monaco total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)

Mongolia total: 49,256 km paved: 8,874 km unpaved: 40,376 km (2002)

Montserrat total: 227 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km note: volcanic eruptions beginning in 1995 destroyed most of the road system (2003)

Morocco total: 57,694 km paved: 32,551 km (including 481 km of expressways) unpaved: 25,143 km (2002)

Mozambique total: 30,400 km paved: 5,685 km unpaved: 24,715 km (1999 est.)

Namibia total: 42,237 km paved: 5,406 km unpaved: 36,831 km (2002)

Nauru total: 30 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 6 km (1999 est.)

Nepal total: 13,223 km paved: 4,073 km unpaved: 9,150 km (1999 est.)

Netherlands total: 116,500 km paved: 104,850 km (including 2,235 km of expressways) unpaved: 11,650 km (1999)

Netherlands Antilles total: 600 km paved: 300 km unpaved: 300 km

New Caledonia total: 5,432 km (2000)

New Zealand total: 92,382 km paved: 59,124 km (including at least 169 km of expressways) unpaved: 33,258 km (2002)

Nicaragua total: 18,712 km paved: 2,126 km unpaved: 16,586 km (2002)

Niger total: 10,100 km paved: 798 km unpaved: 9,302 km (1999 est.)

Nigeria total: 194,394 km paved: 60,068 km (including 1,194 km of expressways) unpaved: 134,326 km (1999 est.)

Niue total: 234 km paved: 86 km unpaved: 148 km (2001)

Norfolk Island total: 80 km paved: 53 km unpaved: 27 km (2001)

Northern Mariana Islands total: 362 km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km (1991)

Norway total: 91,852 km paved: 71,185 km (including 178 km of expressways) unpaved: 20,667 km (2002)

Oman total: 34,965 km paved: 9,673 km (including 550 km of expressways) unpaved: 25,292 km (2001)

Pakistan total: 257,683 km paved: 152,033 km (including 339 km of expressways) unpaved: 105,650 km (2001)

Palau total: 61 km paved: 36 km unpaved: 25 km

Palmyra Atoll most of the roads and many causeways built during World War II are unserviceable and overgrown (2001)

Panama total: 11,643 km paved: 4,028 km (including 30 km of expressways) unpaved: 7,615 km (2000 est.)

Papua New Guinea total: 19,600 km paved: 686 km unpaved: 18,914 km (1999 est.)

Paraguay total: 29,500 km paved: 14,986 km unpaved: 14,514 km (1999 est)

Peru total: 78,230 km paved: 10,452 km unpaved: 67,778 km (2001)

Philippines total: 202,124 km paved: 19,202 km unpaved: 182,922 km (2002)

Pitcairn Islands total: 6.4 km paved: 0 km unpaved: 6.4 km

Poland total: 364,697 km paved: 249,088 km (including 399 km of expressways) unpaved: 115,609 km (2001)

Portugal total: 17,135 km paved: 14,736 km (including 1,659 km of expressways) unpaved: 2,399 km (2002)

Puerto Rico total: 25,328 km paved: 23,665 km (including 426 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,363 km (2004)

Qatar total: 1,230 km paved: 1,107 km unpaved: 123 km (1999 est.)

Reunion total: 1,214 km (including 88 km of four-lane roads) (2001)

Romania total: 198,755 km paved: 100,173 km (including 113 km of expressways) unpaved: 98,582 km (2002)

Russia total: 537,289 km paved: 362,133 km unpaved: 175,156 km (2001)

Rwanda total: 12,000 km paved: 996 km unpaved: 11,004 km (1999 est.)

Saint Helena total: 198 km (Saint Helena 138 km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 20 km) paved: 168 km (Saint Helena 118km, Ascension 40 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) unpaved: 30 km (Saint Helena 20 km, Ascension 0 km, Tristan da Cunha 10 km) (2000)

Saint Kitts and Nevis total: 320 km paved: 136 km unpaved: 184 km (1999 est)

Saint Lucia total: 1,210 km paved: 63 km unpaved: 1,147 km (1999 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon total: 114 km paved: 69 km unpaved: 45 km

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines total: 829 km paved: 580 km unpaved: 249 km (2002)

Samoa total: 790 km paved: 332 km unpaved: 458 km (1999 est.)

San Marino total: 220 km paved: 220 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)

Sao Tome and Principe total: 320 km paved: 218 km unpaved: 102 km (1999 est.)

Saudi Arabia total: 152,044 km paved: 45,461 km unpaved: 106,583 km (2000)

Senegal total: 14,576 km paved: 4,271 km including 7 km of expressways unpaved: 10,305 km (2000)

Serbia and Montenegro total: 45,290 km paved: 28,261 km (including 374 km of expressways) unpaved: 17,029 km (2002)

Seychelles total: 373 km paved: 315 km unpaved: 58 km (1997 est.)

Sierra Leone total: 11,300 km paved: 904 km unpaved: 10,396 km (2002)

Singapore total: 3,130 km paved: 3,130 km (including 150 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Slovakia total: 42,970 km paved: 37,698 km (including 302 km of expressways) unpaved: 5,272 km (2002)

Slovenia total: 20,250 km paved: 20,250 km (including 456 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Solomon Islands total: 1,360 km paved: 34 km unpaved: 1,326 km (1999 est.)

Somalia total: 22,100 km paved: 2,608 km unpaved: 19,492 km (1999 est.)

South Africa total: 275,971 km paved: 57,568 km (including 2,032 km of expressways) unpaved: 218,403 km (2002)

Spain total: 664,852 km paved: 658,203 km (including 11,152 km of expressways) unpaved: 6,649 km (2001)

Sri Lanka total: 11,650 km paved: 11,068 km unpaved: 582 km (2002)

Sudan total: 11,900 km paved: 4,320 km unpaved: 7,580 km (1999 est.)

Suriname total: 4,492 km paved: 1,168 km unpaved: 3,324 km (2002)

Svalbard total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

Swaziland total: 3,107 km paved: NA unpaved: NA (2000)

Sweden total: 213,237 km paved: 167,604 km (including 1,542 km of expressways) unpaved: 45,633 km (2002)

Switzerland total: 71,212 km paved: 71,212 km (including 1,706 of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2002)

Syria total: 45,697 km paved: 6,489 km (including 1,001 km of expressways) unpaved: 39,208 km (2002)

Taiwan total: 37,299 km paved: 35,621 km (including 608 km of expressways) unpaved: 1,678 km (2002)

Tajikistan total: 27,767 km paved: NA unpaved: NA (2000)

Tanzania total: 88,200 km paved: 3,704 km unpaved: 84,496 km (1999 est.)

Thailand total: 57,403 km paved: 56,542 km unpaved: 861 km (2000 est.)

Togo total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1999 est.)

Tokelau total: NA paved: NA unpaved: NA

Tonga total: 680 km paved: 184 km unpaved: 496 km (1999 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago total: 8,320 km paved: 4,252 km unpaved: 4,068 km (1999 est.)

Tunisia total: 18,997 km paved: 12,424 km (including 142 km of expressways) unpaved: 6,573 km (2001)

Turkey total: 354,421 km paved: 147,404 km (including 1,851 km of expressways) unpaved: 207,017 km (2002)

Turkmenistan total: 24,000 km paved: 19,488 km unpaved: 4,512 km (1999 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands total: 121 km paved: 24 km unpaved: 97 km (2000)

Tuvalu total: 8 km paved: 0 km unpaved: 8 km (1999 est.)

Uganda total: 27,000 km paved: 1,809 km unpaved: 25,191 km (1999 est.)

Ukraine total: 169,679 km paved: 164,249 km unpaved: 5,430 km (2002)

United Arab Emirates total: 1,088 km paved: 1,088 km (including 253 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (1999 est.)

United Kingdom total: 392,931 km paved: 392,931 km (including 3,431 km of expressways) unpaved: 0 km (2003)

United States total: 6,393,603 km paved: 4,180,053 km (including 74,406 km of expressways) unpaved: 2,213,550 km (2003)

Uruguay total: 8,983 km paved: 8,081 km unpaved: 902 km (1999 est.)

Uzbekistan total: 81,600 km paved: 71,237 km unpaved: 10,363 km (1999 est.)

Vanuatu total: 1,070 km paved: 256 km unpaved: 814 km (1999 est.)

Venezuela total: 96,155 km paved: 32,308 km unpaved: 63,847 km (1999 est.)

Vietnam total: 93,300 km paved: 23,418 km unpaved: 69,882 km (1999 est.)

Virgin Islands total: 1,257 km paved: 1,192 km unpaved: 65 km note: the only US possession where driving on the left side of the road is practiced (2003)

Wallis and Futuna total: 120 km (Ile Uvea 100 km, Ile Futuna 20 km) paved: 16 km (all on Ile Uvea) unpaved: 104 km (Ile Uvea 84 km, Ile Futuna 20 km)

West Bank total: 4,500 km paved: 2,700 km unpaved: 1,800 km note: Israelis have developed many highways to service Jewish settlements (1997 est.)

Western Sahara total: 6,200 km paved: 1,350 km unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est)

World total: 32,345,165 km paved: 19,403,061 km unpaved: 12,942,104 km (2002)

Yemen total: 67,000 km paved: 7,705 km unpaved: 59,295 km (1999 est.)

Zambia total: 91,440 km paved: 20,117 km unpaved: 71,323 km (2001)

Zimbabwe total: 18,338 km paved: 8,692 km unpaved: 9,646 km (1999 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

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@2086 Illicit drugs

Afghanistan world's largest producer of opium; cultivation of opium poppy reached unprecedented level of 206,700 hectares in 2004; counterdrug efforts largely unsuccessful; potential opium production of 4,950 metric tons; potential heroin production of 582 metric tons if all opium was processed; source of hashish; many narcotics-processing labs throughout the country; drug trade source of instability and some antigovernment groups profit from the trade; 80-90% of the heroin consumed in Europe comes from Afghan opium; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through informal financial networks

Albania increasingly active transshipment point for Southwest Asian opiates, hashish, and cannabis transiting the Balkan route and - to a far lesser extent - cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe; limited opium and growing cannabis production; ethnic Albanian narcotrafficking organizations active and expanding in Europe; vulnerable to money laundering associated with regional trafficking in narcotics, arms, contraband, and illegal aliens

Angola used as a transshipment point for cocaine destined for Western Europe and other African states

Anguilla transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Antigua and Barbuda considered a minor transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; more significant as an offshore financial center

Argentina used as a transshipment country for cocaine headed for Europe and the US; some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area; domestic consumption of drugs in urban centers is increasing

Armenia illicit cultivation of small amount of cannabis for domestic consumption; used as a transit point for illicit drugs - mostly opium and hashish - moving from Southwest Asia to Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe

Aruba transit point for US- and Europe-bound narcotics with some accompanying money-laundering activity

Australia Tasmania is one of the world's major suppliers of licit opiate products; government maintains strict controls over areas of opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

Austria transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine destined for Western Europe

Azerbaijan limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; small government eradication program; transit point for Southwest Asian opiates bound for Russia and to a lesser extent the rest of Europe

Bahamas, The transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for US and Europe; offshore financial center

Bangladesh transit country for illegal drugs produced in neighboring countries

Barbados one of many Caribbean transshipment points for narcotics bound for Europe and the US; offshore financial center

Belarus limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for the domestic market; transshipment point for illicit drugs to and via Russia, and to the Baltics and Western Europe; a small and lightly regulated financial center; new anti-money-laundering legislation does not meet international standards; few investigations or prosecutions of money-laundering activities

Belgium growing producer of synthetic drugs; transit point for US-bound ecstasy; source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for cocaine, heroin, hashish, and marijuana entering Western Europe; despite a strengthening of legislation, the country remains vulnerable to money laundering related to narcotics, automobiles, alcohol, and tobacco

Belize major transshipment point for cocaine; small-scale illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; money-laundering activity related to narcotics trafficking and offshore sector

Benin transshipment point for narcotics associated with Nigerian trafficking organizations and most commonly destined for Western Europe and the US; vulnerable to money laundering due to a poorly regulated financial infrastructure

Bolivia world's third-largest cultivator of coca (after Colombia and Peru) with an estimated 28,450 hectares under cultivation in June 2003, a 23% increase from June 2002; intermediate coca products and cocaine exported mostly to or through Brazil, Argentina, and Chile to European and US drug markets; eradication and alternative crop programs under the MESA administration have been unable to keep pace with farmers' attempts to increase cultivation; money-laundering activity related to narcotics trade, especially along the borders with Brazil and Paraguay

Bosnia and Herzegovina minor transit point for marijuana and opiate trafficking routes to Western Europe; remains highly vulnerable to money-laundering activity given a primarily cash-based and unregulated economy, weak law enforcement and instances of corruption

Brazil illicit producer of cannabis; minor coca cultivation in the Amazon region, used for domestic consumption; government has a large-scale eradication program to control cannabis; important transshipment country for Bolivian, Colombian, and Peruvian cocaine headed for Europe and the US; also used by traffickers as a way station for narcotics air transshipments between Peru and Colombia; upsurge in drug-related violence and weapons smuggling; important market for Colombian, Bolivian, and Peruvian cocaine; illicit narcotics proceeds earned in Brazil are often laundered through the financial system; significant illicit financial activity in the Tri-Border Area

British Virgin Islands transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe; large offshore financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering

Brunei drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty

Bulgaria major European transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and, to a lesser degree, South American cocaine for the European market; limited producer of precursor chemicals; some money laundering of drug-related proceeds through financial institutions

Burma remains world's second largest producer of illicit opium (estimated production in 2004 - 292 metric tons, down 40% from 2003 due to eradication efforts and drought; cultivation in 2004 - 30,900 hectares, a 34% decline from 2003); lack of government will and ability to take on major narcotrafficking groups and lack of serious commitment against money laundering continues to hinder the overall antidrug effort; major source of methamphetamine and heroin for regional consumption; currently under Financial Action Task Force countermeasures due to continued failure to address its inadequate money-laundering controls (2005)

Cambodia narcotics-related corruption reportedly involving some in the government, military, and police; possible small-scale opium, heroin, and amphetamine production; large producer of cannabis for the international market; vulnerable to money laundering due to its cash-based economy and porous borders

Canada illicit producer of cannabis for the domestic drug market and export to US; use of hydroponics technology permits growers to plant large quantities of high-quality marijuana indoors; transit point for heroin and cocaine entering the US market; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering because of its mature financial services sector

Cape Verde used as a transshipment point for illicit drugs moving from Latin America and Asia destined for Western Europe; the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Cayman Islands offshore financial center; vulnerable to drug transshipment to the US and Europe

Chile important transshipment country for cocaine destined for Europe and the US; economic prosperity and increasing trade have made Chile more attractive to traffickers seeking to launder drug profits, especially through the Iquique Free Trade Zone, but a new anti-money-laundering law improves controls; imported precursors passed on to Bolivia; domestic cocaine consumption is rising

China major transshipment point for heroin produced in the Golden Triangle; growing domestic drug abuse problem; source country for chemical precursors and methamphetamine

Colombia illicit producer of coca, opium poppy, and cannabis; world's leading coca cultivator (cultivation of coca in 2002 was 144,450 hectares, a 15% decline since 2001); potential production of opium between 2001 and 2002 declined by 25% to 91 metric tons; potential production of heroin declined to 11.3 metric tons; the world's largest processor of coca derivatives into cocaine; supplier of about 90% of the cocaine to the US market and the great majority of cocaine to other international drug markets; important supplier of heroin to the US market; active aerial eradication program; a significant portion of non-US narcotics proceeds are either laundered or invested in Colombia through the black market peso exchange

Congo, Democratic Republic of the illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for domestic consumption; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leaves the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Costa Rica transshipment country for cocaine and heroin from South America; illicit production of cannabis on small, scattered plots; domestic cocaine consumption, particularly crack cocaine, is rising

Cote d'Ivoire illicit producer of cannabis, mostly for local consumption; transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin to Europe and occasionally to the US, and for Latin American cocaine destined for Europe and South Africa; while rampant corruption and inadequate supervision leave the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, the lack of a developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center

Croatia transit point along the Balkan route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe; has been used as a transit point for maritime shipments of South American cocaine bound for Western Europe

Cuba territorial waters and air space serve as transshipment zone primarily for marijuana bound for North America; established the death penalty for certain drug-related crimes in 1999

Cyprus minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey; some cocaine transits as well; despite a strengthening of anti-money-laundering legislation, remains highly vulnerable to money laundering; identification of benefiting owners and reporting of suspicious transactions by nonresident-controlled companies in offshore sector remains weak

Czech Republic transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and minor transit point for Latin American cocaine to Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for local and regional markets; susceptible to money laundering related to drug trafficking, organized crime

Dominica transshipment point for narcotics bound for the US and Europe; minor cannabis producer; anti-money-laundering enforcement is weak, making the country particularly vulnerable to money laundering

Dominican Republic transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; has become a transshipment point for ecstasy from the Netherlands and Belgium destined for US and Canada; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor the Dominican Republic for illicit financial transactions

East Timor NA

Ecuador significant transit country for cocaine originating in Colombia and Peru; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; attractive location for cash-placement by drug traffickers laundering money because of dollarization and weak anti-money-laundering regime, especially vulnerable along the border with Colombia; increased activity on the northern frontier by trafficking groups and Colombian insurgents

Egypt transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin and opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; transit stop for Nigerian couriers; concern as money-laundering site due to lax financial regulations and enforcement

El Salvador transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on the rise

Estonia transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Southwest Asia and the Caucasus via Russia, cocaine from Latin America to Western Europe and Scandinavia, and synthetic drugs from Western Europe to Scandinavia; increasing domestic drug abuse problem; possible precursor manufacturing and/or trafficking; potential money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking is a concern as is possible use of the gambling sector to launder funds

Ethiopia Transit hub for heroin originating in Southwest and Southeast Asia and destined for Europe and North America as well as cocaine destined for markets in southern Africa; cultivates qat (khat) for local use and regional export, principally to Djibouti and Somalia (legal in all three countries); the lack of a well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

France transshipment point for and consumer of South American cocaine, Southwest Asian heroin, and European synthetics

French Guiana small amount of marijuana grown for local consumption; minor transshipment point to Europe

Georgia limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for domestic consumption; used as transshipment point for opiates via Central Asia to Western Europe and Russia

Germany source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic drugs; major financial center

Ghana illicit producer of cannabis for the international drug trade; major transit hub for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and, to a lesser extent, South American cocaine destined for Europe and the US; widespread crime and money laundering problem, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Greece a gateway to Europe for traffickers smuggling cannabis and heroin from the Middle East and Southwest Asia to the West and precursor chemicals to the East; some South American cocaine transits or is consumed in Greece; money laundering related to drug trafficking and organized crime

Grenada small-scale cannabis cultivation; lesser transshipment point for marijuana and cocaine to US

Guatemala major transit country for cocaine and heroin; minor producer of illicit opium poppy and cannabis for mostly domestic consumption; proximity to Mexico makes Guatemala a major staging area for drugs (particularly for cocaine); money laundering is a serious problem; corruption is a major problem; remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime

Guyana transshipment point for narcotics from South America - primarily Venezuela - to Europe and the US; producer of cannabis

Haiti major Caribbean transshipment point for cocaine en route to the US and Europe; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions; pervasive corruption

Honduras transshipment point for drugs and narcotics; illicit producer of cannabis, cultivated on small plots and used principally for local consumption; corruption is a major problem; some money-laundering activity

Hong Kong makes strenuous law enforcement efforts, but faces difficult challenges in controlling transit of heroin and methamphetamine to regional and world markets; modern banking system provides conduit for money laundering; rising indigenous use of synthetic drugs, especially among young people

Hungary transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and cannabis and for South American cocaine destined for Western Europe; limited producer of precursor chemicals, particularly for amphetamine and methamphetamine; improving, but remains vulnerable to money laundering related to organized crime and drug trafficking

India world's largest producer of licit opium for the pharmaceutical trade, but an undetermined quantity of opium is diverted to illicit international drug markets; transit point for illicit narcotics produced in neighboring countries; illicit producer of methaqualone; vulnerable to narcotics money laundering through the hawala system

Indonesia illicit producer of cannabis largely for domestic use; possible growing role as transshipment point for Golden Triangle heroin

Iran despite substantial interdiction efforts, Iran remains a key transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin to Europe; domestic narcotics consumption remains a persistent problem and according to official Iranian statistics there are at least two million drug users in the country; lax anti-money-laundering regulations

Ireland transshipment point for and consumer of hashish from North Africa to the UK and Netherlands and of European-produced synthetic drugs; minor transshipment point for heroin and cocaine destined for Western Europe; despite recent legislation, narcotics-related money laundering using bureaux de change, trusts, and shell companies involving the offshore financial community remains a concern

Israel increasingly concerned about cocaine and heroin abuse; drugs arrive in country from Lebanon and, increasingly, from Jordan; money-laundering center

Italy important gateway for and consumer of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market; money laundering by organized crime and from smuggling

Jamaica major transshipment point for cocaine from South America to North America and Europe; illicit cultivation of cannabis; government has an active manual cannabis eradication program; corruption is a major concern; substantial money-laundering activity; Colombian narcotics traffickers favor Jamaica for illicit financial transactions

Kazakhstan significant illicit cultivation of cannabis for CIS markets, as well as limited cultivation of opium poppy and ephedra (for the drug ephedrine); limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe

Kenya widespread harvesting of small plots of marijuana; transit country for South Asian heroin destined for Europe and North America; Indian methaqualone also transits on way to South Africa; significant potential for money-laundering activity given the country's status as a regional financial center; massive corruption, and relatively high levels of narcotics-associated activities

Korea, North for years, from the 1970's into the 2000's, citizens of the Democratic People's Republic of (North) Korea (DPRK), many of them diplomatic employees of the government, were apprehended abroad while trafficking in narcotics, including two in Turkey in December 2004; in recent years, police investigations in Taiwan and Japan have linked North Korea to large illicit shipments of heroin and methamphetamine, including an attempt by the North Korean merchant ship Pong Su to deliver 150 kg of heroin to Australia in April 2003; all indications point to North Korea emerging as an important regional source of illicit drugs targeting markets in Japan, Taiwan, the Russian Far East, and China

Kyrgyzstan limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy for CIS markets; limited government eradication of illicit crops; transit point for Southwest Asian narcotics bound for Russia and the rest of Europe

Laos estimated cultivation in 2004 - 10,000 hectares, a 45% decrease from 2003; estimated potential production in 2004 - 49 metric tons, a significant decrease from 200 metric tons in 2003 (2005)

Latvia transshipment point for opiates and cannabis from Central and Southwest Asia to Western Europe and Scandinavia and Latin American cocaine and some synthetics from Western Europe to CIS; vulnerable to money laundering despite improved legislation due to nascent enforcement capabilities and comparatively weak regulation of offshore companies and the gaming industry; organized crime (including counterfeiting, corruption, extortion, stolen cars, and prostitution) accounts for most laundered proceeds

Lebanon cannabis cultivation dramatically reduced to 2,500 hectares in 2002; opium poppy cultivation minimal; small amounts of Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin transit country on way to European markets and for Middle Eastern consumption

Liberia transshipment point for Southeast and Southwest Asian heroin and South American cocaine for the European and US markets; corruption, criminal activity, arms-dealing, and diamond trade provide significant potential for money laundering, but the lack of well-developed financial system limits the country's utility as a major money-laundering center

Liechtenstein has strengthened money-laundering controls, but money laundering remains a concern due to Liechtenstein sophisticated offshore financial services sector

Lithuania transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Southwest Asia, Latin America, and Western Europe to Western Europe and Scandinavia; limited production of methamphetamine and ecstasy; susceptible to money laundering despite changes to banking legislation

Macedonia major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin and hashish; minor transit point for South American cocaine destined for Europe; although most criminal activity is thought to be domestic and not a financial center, money laundering is a problem due to a mostly cash-based economy and weak enforcement (no arrests or prosecutions for money laundering to date)

Madagascar illicit producer of cannabis (cultivated and wild varieties) used mostly for domestic consumption; transshipment point for heroin

Malaysia transit point for some illicit drugs; drug trafficking prosecuted vigorously and carries severe penalties

Malta minor transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Western Europe

Martinique transshipment point for cocaine and marijuana bound for the US and Europe

Mauritius minor consumer and transshipment point for heroin from South Asia; small amounts of cannabis produced and consumed locally; significant offshore financial industry creates potential for money laundering, but corruption levels are relatively low and the government appears generally to be committed to regulating its banking industry

Mexico illicit cultivation of opium poppy (cultivation in 2001 - 4,400 hectares; potential heroin production - 7 metric tons) and of cannabis (in 2001 - 4,100 hectares); government eradication efforts have been key in keeping illicit crop levels low; major supplier of heroin and largest foreign supplier of marijuana and methamphetamine to the US market; continues as the primary transshipment country for US-bound cocaine from South America, accounting for about 70 percent of estimated annual cocaine movement to the US; major drug syndicates control majority of drug trafficking throughout the country; producer and distributor of ecstasy; significant money-laundering center

Moldova limited cultivation of opium poppy and cannabis, mostly for CIS consumption; transshipment point for illicit drugs from Southwest Asia via Central Asia to Russia, Western Europe, and possibly the US; widespread crime and underground economic activity

Montserrat transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Morocco illicit producer of hashish; shipments of hashish mostly directed to Western Europe; transit point for cocaine from South America destined for Western Europe

Mozambique Southern African transit point for South Asian hashish and heroin, and South American cocaine probably destined for the European and South African markets; producer of cannabis (for local consumption) and methaqualone (for export to South Africa); corruption and poor regulatory capability makes the banking system vulnerable to money laundering, but the lack of a well-developed financial infrastructure limits the country's utility as a money-laundering center

Nauru offshore banking recently stopped, remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime

Nepal illicit producer of cannabis and hashish for the domestic and international drug markets; transit point for opiates from Southeast Asia to the West

Netherlands major European producer of ecstasy, illicit amphetamines, and other synthetic drugs; important gateway for cocaine, heroin, and hashish entering Europe; major source of US-bound ecstasy; large financial sector vulnerable to money laundering

Netherlands Antilles transshipment point for South American drugs bound for the US and Europe; money-laundering center

Nicaragua transshipment point for cocaine destined for the US and transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Nigeria a transit point for heroin and cocaine intended for European, East Asian, and North American markets; safehaven for Nigerian narcotraffickers operating worldwide; major money-laundering center; massive corruption and criminal activity; remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime

Pakistan opium poppy in Federally Administered Tribal Areas, North-West Frontier Province, and Balochistan Province has rebounded since it was nearly eliminated in 2001; key transit point for Afghan drugs, including heroin, opium, morphine, and hashish, bound for Western markets, the Gulf States, and Africa; financial crimes related to drug trafficking, terrorism, corruption, and smuggling remain problems

Panama major cocaine transshipment point and primary money-laundering center for narcotics revenue; money-laundering activity is especially heavy in the Colon Free Zone; offshore financial center; negligible signs of coca cultivation; monitoring of financial transactions is improving; official corruption remains a major problem

Paraguay major illicit producer of cannabis, most or all of which is consumed in Brazil, Argentina, and Chile; transshipment country for Andean cocaine headed for Brazil, other Southern Cone markets, Europe, and US; corruption and some money-laundering activity, especially in the Tri-Border Area

Peru until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer; emerging opium producer; cultivation of coca in Peru fell 15 percent to 31,150 hectares between 2002 and the end of 2003; much of the cocaine base is shipped to neighboring Colombia for processing into cocaine, while finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipped to Europe and Africa

Philippines exports locally-produced marijuana and hashish to East Asia, the US, and other Western markets; serves as a transit point for heroin and crystal methamphetamine; domestic methamphetamine production is a growing problem; remains on Financial Action Task Force Non-Cooperative Countries and Territories List for continued failure to address deficiencies in money-laundering control regime

Poland major illicit producer of synthetic drugs for the international market; minor transshipment point for Asian and Latin American illicit drugs to Western Europe

Portugal gateway country for Latin American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin entering the European market (especially from Brazil); transshipment point for hashish from North Africa to Europe; consumer of Southwest Asian heroin

Romania major transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin transiting the Balkan route and small amounts of Latin American cocaine bound for Western Europe; although not a significant financial center, role as a narcotics conduit leaves it vulnerable to laundering which occurs via the banking system, currency exchange houses, and casinos

Russia limited cultivation of illicit cannabis and opium poppy and producer of methamphetamine, mostly for domestic consumption; government has active illicit crop eradication program; used as transshipment point for Asian opiates, cannabis, and Latin American cocaine bound for growing domestic markets, to a lesser extent Western and Central Europe, and occasionally to the US; major source of heroin precursor chemicals; corruption and organized crime are key concerns; heroin increasingly popular in domestic market

Saint Kitts and Nevis transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; some money-laundering activity

Saint Lucia transit point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; small-scale cannabis cultivation

Saudi Arabia death penalty for traffickers; increasing consumption of heroin, cocaine, and hashish; not a major money-laundering center, improving anti-money-laundering legislation

Senegal transshipment point for Southwest and Southeast Asian heroin and South American cocaine moving to Europe and North America; illicit cultivator of cannabis

Serbia and Montenegro transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin moving to Western Europe on the Balkan route; economy vulnerable to money laundering

Singapore as a transportation and financial services hub, Singapore is vulnerable, despite strict laws and enforcement, to be used as a transit point for Golden Triangle heroin and as a venue for money laundering

Slovakia transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe; producer of synthetic drugs for regional market

Slovenia minor transit point for cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin bound for Western Europe, and for precursor chemicals

South Africa transshipment center for heroin, hashish, marijuana, and cocaine; cocaine consumption on the rise; world's largest market for illicit methaqualone, usually imported illegally from India through various east African countries; illicit cultivation of marijuana; attractive venue for money launderers given the increasing level of organized criminal and narcotics activity in the region

Spain key European gateway country and consumer for Latin American cocaine and North African hashish entering the European market; destination and minor transshipment point for Southwest Asian heroin; money-laundering site for European earnings of Colombian narcotics trafficking organizations

Suriname growing transshipment point for South American drugs destined for Europe and Brazil; transshipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing

Switzerland a major international financial center vulnerable to the layering and integration stages of money laundering; despite significant legislation and reporting requirements, secrecy rules persist and nonresidents are permitted to conduct business through offshore entities and various intermediaries; transit country for and consumer of South American cocaine and Southwest Asian heroin

Syria a transit point for opiates and hashish bound for regional and Western markets; weak anti-money-laundering controls, bank privatization may leave it vulnerable to money-laundering

Taiwan regional transit point for heroin and methamphetamine; major problem with domestic consumption of methamphetamine and heroin; renewal of domestic methamphetamine production is a problem

Tajikistan major transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of opium poppy for domestic consumption; Tajikistan seizes roughly 80 percent of all drugs captured in Central Asia and stands third worldwide in seizures of opiates (heroin and raw opium)

Tanzania growing role in transshipment of southwest and southeast Asian heroin and south American cocaine destined for south African, European, and US markets and of south Asian methaqualone bound for southern Africa; money laundering remains a problem

Thailand a minor producer of opium, heroin, and marijuana; illicit transit point for heroin en route to the international drug market from Burma and Laos; eradication efforts have reduced the area of cannabis cultivation and shifted some production to neighboring countries; opium poppy cultivation has been reduced by eradication efforts; also a drug money-laundering center; minor role in amphetamine production for regional consumption; increasing indigenous abuse of methamphetamine

Togo transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem

Trinidad and Tobago transshipment point for South American drugs destined for the US and Europe; producer of cannabis

Turkey key transit route for Southwest Asian heroin to Western Europe and - to a far lesser extent the US - via air, land, and sea routes; major Turkish, Iranian, and other international trafficking organizations operate out of Istanbul; laboratories to convert imported morphine base into heroin are in remote regions of Turkey as well as near Istanbul; government maintains strict controls over areas of legal opium poppy cultivation and output of poppy straw concentrate

Turkmenistan transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and Western European markets; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Turks and Caicos Islands transshipment point for South American narcotics destined for the US and Europe

Ukraine limited cultivation of cannabis and opium poppy, mostly for CIS consumption; some synthetic drug production for export to the West; limited government eradication program; used as transshipment point for opiates and other illicit drugs from Africa, Latin America, and Turkey to Europe and Russia; Ukraine has improved anti-money-laundering controls, resulting in its removal from the Financial Action Task Force's (FATF's) Noncooperative Countries and Territories List in February 2004; Ukraine's anti-money-laundering regime continues to be monitored by FATF

United Arab Emirates the UAE is a drug transshipment point for traffickers given its proximity to southwest Asian drug producing countries; the UAE's position as a major financial center makes it vulnerable to money laundering; anti-money-laundering controls improving

United Kingdom producer of limited amounts of synthetic drugs and synthetic precursor chemicals; major consumer of Southwest Asian heroin, Latin American cocaine, and synthetic drugs; money-laundering center

United States consumer of cocaine shipped from Colombia through Mexico and the Caribbean; consumer of heroin, marijuana, and increasingly methamphetamine from Mexico; consumer of high-quality Southeast Asian heroin; illicit producer of cannabis, marijuana, depressants, stimulants, hallucinogens, and methamphetamine; money-laundering center

Uzbekistan transit country for Afghan narcotics bound for Russian and, to a lesser extent, Western European markets; limited illicit cultivation of cannabis and small amounts of opium poppy for domestic consumption; poppy cultivation almost wiped out by government crop eradication program; transit point for heroin precursor chemicals bound for Afghanistan

Venezuela small-scale illicit producer of opium and coca for the processing of opiates and coca derivatives; however, large quantities of cocaine, heroin, and marijuana transit the country from Colombia bound for US and Europe; significant narcotics-related money-laundering activity, especially along the border with Colombia and on Margarita Island; active eradication program primarily targeting opium; increasing signs of drug-related activities by Colombian insurgents on border

Vietnam minor producer of opium poppy; probable minor transit point for Southeast Asian heroin; domestic opium/heroin/methamphetamine addiction problems

World cocaine: worldwide, coca is grown on an estimated 173,450 hectares - almost exclusively in South America with 70% in Colombia; potential cocaine production during 2003 is estimated at 728 metric tons (or 835 metric tons of export quality cocaine); coca eradication programs continue in Bolivia, Colombia, and Peru; 376 metric tons of export quality cocaine are documented to have been seized in 2003, and 26 metric tons disrupted (jettisoned or destroyed); consumption of export quality cocaine is estimated to have been 800 metric tons opiates: cultivation of opium poppy occurred on an estimated 137,944 hectares in 2003 - mostly in Southwest and Southeast Asia - with 44% in Afghanistan, potentially produced 3,775 metric tons of opium, which conceivably could be converted to the equivalent of 429 metric tons of pure heroin; opium eradication programs have been undertaken in Afghanistan, Burma, Colombia, Mexico, Pakistan, Thailand, and Vietnam

Zambia transshipment point for moderate amounts of methaqualone, small amounts of heroin, and cocaine bound for Southern Africa and possibly Europe; a poorly developed financial infrastructure coupled with a government commitment to combating money laundering make it an unattractive venue for money launderers

Zimbabwe transit point for African cannabis and South Asian heroin, mandrax, and methamphetamines destined for the South African and European markets

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

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@2087 Imports

Afghanistan $3.759 billion (FY03-04)

Albania $2.076 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Algeria $15.25 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

American Samoa $123 million (2002)

Andorra $1.077 billion (1998)

Angola $4.896 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Anguilla $80.9 million (1999)

Antigua and Barbuda $692 million (2002 est.)

Argentina $22.06 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Armenia $1.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Aruba $841 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Australia $98.1 billion (2004 est.)

Austria $101.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Azerbaijan $3.622 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Bahamas, The $1.63 billion (2003)

Bahrain $5.87 billion (2004 est.)

Bangladesh $10.03 billion (2004 est.)

Barbados $1.039 billion (2002)

Belarus $13.57 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Belgium $235 billion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Belize $579.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Benin $934.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Bermuda $5.523 billion (2002)

Bhutan $196 million c.i.f. (2000 est.)

Bolivia $1.595 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina $5.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Botswana $2.255 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Brazil $61 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

British Virgin Islands $187 million (2002 est.)

Brunei $5.2 billion c.i.f. (2003)

Bulgaria $12.23 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Burkina Faso $866.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Burma $1.754 billion f.o.b. note: import figures are grossly underestimated due to the value of consumer goods, diesel fuel, and other products smuggled in from Thailand, China, Malaysia, and India (2004 est.)

Burundi $138.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cambodia $3.129 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cameroon $1.979 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Canada $256.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cape Verde $387.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cayman Islands $457.4 million (1999)

Central African Republic $136 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Chad $500.7 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Chile $22.53 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

China $552.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Christmas Island NA

Cocos (Keeling) Islands NA

Colombia $15.34 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Comoros $88 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the $933 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Congo, Republic of the $749.3 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cook Islands $50.7 million (2000)

Costa Rica $7.842 billion (2004 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire $3.36 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Croatia $16.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cuba $5.296 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: $5.258 billion f.o.b. north Cyprus: $415.2 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Czech Republic $68.19 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Denmark $63.45 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Djibouti $665 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Dominica $98.2 million f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Dominican Republic $8.093 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

East Timor $167 million (2004 est.)

Ecuador $7.65 billion (2004 est.)

Egypt $19.21 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

El Salvador $5.968 billion (2004 est.)

Equatorial Guinea $1.167 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Eritrea $622 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Estonia $7.318 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ethiopia $2.104 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

European Union $1.123 trillion note: external imports, excluding intra-EU trade (2003)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) $53 million (2002)

Faroe Islands $466 million c.i.f. (2002)

Fiji $835 million c.i.f. (2002)

Finland $45.17 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

France $419.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

French Guiana $625 million c.i.f. (2002 est.)

French Polynesia $1.341 billion f.o.b. (2002)

Gabon $1.225 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Gambia, The $180.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Gaza Strip $1.9 billion c.i.f., includes West Bank (2002)

Georgia $1.806 billion (2004 est.)

Germany $716.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ghana $3.699 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Gibraltar $1.743 billion c.i.f. (2002)

Greece $54.28 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Greenland $445 million c.i.f. (2002)

Grenada $208 million (2002 est.)

Guadeloupe $1.7 billion c.i.f. (1997)

Guam $462 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Guatemala $7.77 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guernsey $NA

Guinea $641.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Guinea-Bissau $104 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Guyana $650.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Haiti $1.085 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Honduras $3.332 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Hong Kong $275.9 billion (2004 est.)

Hungary $58.68 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iceland $3.307 billion (2004 est.)

India $89.33 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Indonesia $45.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iran $31.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Iraq $9.9 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ireland $60.65 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Israel $36.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Italy $329.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Jamaica $3.624 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Japan $401.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Jersey $NA

Jordan $7.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kazakhstan $13.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kenya $4.19 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kiribati $83 million c.i.f. (2002)

Korea, North $2.1 billion c.i.f. (2003)

Korea, South $214.2 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kuwait $11.12 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Kyrgyzstan $775.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Laos $579.5 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Latvia $5.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Lebanon $8.162 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Lesotho $730.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Liberia $5.051 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Libya $7.224 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Liechtenstein $917.3 million (1996)

Lithuania $11.02 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Luxembourg $16.3 billion c.i.f. (2003)

Macau $2.76 billion c.i.f. (2003)

Macedonia $2.677 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Madagascar $1.147 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Malawi $521.1 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Malaysia $99.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Maldives $392 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Mali $927 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Malta $3.407 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Man, Isle of $NA

Marshall Islands $54 million f.o.b. (2000)

Martinique $2 billion c.i.f. (1997)

Mauritania $860 million f.o.b. (2002)

Mauritius $2.245 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Mayotte $141.3 million f.o.b. (1997)

Mexico $190.8 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of $149 million f.o.b. (FY99/00 est.)

Moldova $1.83 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Monaco $NA; full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monegasque trade duties; also participates in EU market system through customs union with France

Mongolia $1 billion c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Montserrat $17 million (2001)

Morocco $15.63 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Mozambique $972.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Namibia $1.473 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Nauru $19.8 million c.i.f. (2004 est.)

Nepal $1.419 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Netherlands $252.7 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Netherlands Antilles $2.233 billion f.o.b. (2002)

New Caledonia $1.007 billion f.o.b. (2002)

New Zealand $19.77 billion (2004 est.)

Nicaragua $2.02 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Niger $400 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Nigeria $17.14 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Niue $2.38 million (1999)

Norfolk Island $17.9 million c.i.f. (FY91/92)

Northern Mariana Islands NA

Norway $45.96 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Oman $6.373 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Pakistan $14.01 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Palau $99 million f.o.b. (2001 est.)

Panama $7.164 billion f.o.b. (includes the Colon Free Zone) (2004 est.)

Papua New Guinea $1.353 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Paraguay $3.33 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Peru $9.6 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Philippines $37.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Pitcairn Islands NA

Poland $81.61 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Portugal $52.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Puerto Rico $29.1 billion c.i.f. (2001)

Qatar $6.15 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Reunion $2.5 billion c.i.f. (1997)

Romania $28.43 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Russia $92.91 billion (2004 est.)

Rwanda $260 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Saint Helena $42 million c.i.f. (2002)

Saint Kitts and Nevis $195 million (2002 est.)

Saint Lucia $267 million (2002 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon $106 million f.o.b. (2002)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines $174 million (2002 est.)

Samoa $113 million f.o.b. (2002)

San Marino trade data are included with the statistics for Italy

Sao Tome and Principe $41 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Saudi Arabia $36.21 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Senegal $2.128 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro $9.538 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Seychelles $393.4 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sierra Leone $264 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Singapore $155.2 billion (2004 est.)

Slovakia $29.67 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Slovenia $16.07 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Solomon Islands $67 million f.o.b. (2003)

Somalia $344 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

South Africa $39.42 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Spain $222 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sri Lanka $7.265 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sudan $3.496 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Suriname $604 million f.o.b. (2002)

Svalbard $NA

Swaziland $1.14 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Sweden $97.97 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Switzerland $121.1 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Syria $5.042 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Taiwan $165.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tajikistan $1.3 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tanzania $1.972 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Thailand $80.84 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Togo $824.9 million f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tokelau $323,000 c.i.f. (1983)

Tonga $86 million f.o.b. (2002 est.)

Trinidad and Tobago $4.65 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Tunisia $11.52 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turkey $94.5 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turkmenistan $2.85 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands $175.6 million (2000)

Tuvalu $79 million c.i.f. (2002)

Uganda $1.306 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Ukraine $31.45 billion (2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates $45.66 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

United Kingdom $439.4 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

United States $1.476 trillion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Uruguay $2.071 billion f.o.b. (2003)

Uzbekistan $2.82 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Vanuatu $138 million c.i.f. (2002)

Venezuela $14.98 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Vietnam $26.31 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Virgin Islands NA

Wallis and Futuna $300,000 f.o.b. (1999)

West Bank $1.5 billion c.i.f., includes Gaza Strip (2002)

Western Sahara NA

World $8.754 trillion f.o.b. (2003 est.)

Yemen $3.734 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Zambia $1.519 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

Zimbabwe $1.599 billion f.o.b. (2004 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

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@2088 Independence

Afghanistan 19 August 1919 (from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs)

Albania 28 November 1912 (from Ottoman Empire)

Algeria 5 July 1962 (from France)

American Samoa none (territory of the US)

Andorra 1278 (was formed under the joint suzerainty of the French count of Foix and the Spanish bishop of Urgel)

Angola 11 November 1975 (from Portugal)

Anguilla none (overseas territory of the UK)

Antigua and Barbuda 1 November 1981 (from UK)

Argentina 9 July 1816 (from Spain)

Armenia 21 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Aruba none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

Australia 1 January 1901 (federation of UK colonies)

Austria 1156 (Duchy of Austria founded); 12 November 1918 (republic proclaimed)

Azerbaijan 30 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Bahamas, The 10 July 1973 (from UK)

Bahrain 15 August 1971 (from UK)

Bangladesh 16 December 1971 (from West Pakistan); note - 26 March 1971 is the date of independence from West Pakistan, 16 December 1971 is known as Victory Day and commemorates the official creation of the state of Bangladesh

Barbados 30 November 1966 (from UK)

Belarus 25 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Belgium 4 October 1830 (a provisional government declares independence from the Netherlands); 21 July 1831 (King Leopold I ascends to the throne)

Belize 21 September 1981 (from UK)

Benin 1 August 1960 (from France)

Bermuda none (overseas territory of the UK)

Bhutan 8 August 1949 (from India)

Bolivia 6 August 1825 (from Spain)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 1 March 1992 (from Yugoslavia; referendum for independence was completed 1 March 1992; independence was declared 3 March 1992)

Botswana 30 September 1966 (from UK)

Brazil 7 September 1822 (from Portugal)

British Virgin Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)

Brunei 1 January 1984 (from UK)

Bulgaria 3 March 1878 (as an autonomous principality within the Ottoman Empire); 22 September 1908 (complete independence from the Ottoman Empire)

Burkina Faso 5 August 1960 (from France)

Burma 4 January 1948 (from UK)

Burundi 1 July 1962 (from UN trusteeship under Belgian administration)

Cambodia 9 November 1953 (from France)

Cameroon 1 January 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Canada 1 July 1867 (union of British North American colonies); 11 December 1931 (independence recognized)

Cape Verde 5 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Cayman Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)

Central African Republic 13 August 1960 (from France)

Chad 11 August 1960 (from France)

Chile 18 September 1810 (from Spain)

China 221 BC (unification under the Qin or Ch'in Dynasty); 1 January 1912 (Manchu Dynasty replaced by a Republic); 1 October 1949 (People's Republic established)

Christmas Island none (territory of Australia)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands none (territory of Australia)

Colombia 20 July 1810 (from Spain)

Comoros 6 July 1975 (from France)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the 30 June 1960 (from Belgium)

Congo, Republic of the 15 August 1960 (from France)

Cook Islands none (became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action)

Costa Rica 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Cote d'Ivoire 7 August 1960 (from France)

Croatia 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Cuba 20 May 1902 (from Spain 10 December 1898; administered by the US from 1898 to 1902)

Cyprus 16 August 1960 (from UK); note - Turkish Cypriots proclaimed self-rule on 13 February 1975 and independence in 1983, but these proclamations are only recognized by Turkey

Czech Republic 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

Denmark first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy

Djibouti 27 June 1977 (from France)

Dominica 3 November 1978 (from UK)

Dominican Republic 27 February 1844 (from Haiti)

East Timor 28 November 1975 (date of proclamation of independence from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international recognition of East Timor's independence from Indonesia

Ecuador 24 May 1822 (from Spain)

Egypt 28 February 1922 (from UK)

El Salvador 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Equatorial Guinea 12 October 1968 (from Spain)

Eritrea 24 May 1993 (from Ethiopia)

Estonia 20 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Ethiopia oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world - at least 2,000 years

European Union 7 February 1992 (Maastricht Treaty signed establishing the EU); 1 November 1993 (Maastricht Treaty entered into force)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)

Faroe Islands none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; self-governing overseas administrative division of Denmark)

Fiji 10 October 1970 (from UK)

Finland 6 December 1917 (from Russia)

France 486 (unified by Clovis)

French Guiana none (overseas department of France)

French Polynesia none (overseas lands of France)

Gabon 17 August 1960 (from France)

Gambia, The 18 February 1965 (from UK)

Georgia 9 April 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Germany 18 January 1871 (German Empire unification); divided into four zones of occupation (UK, US, USSR, and later, France) in 1945 following World War II; Federal Republic of Germany (FRG or West Germany) proclaimed 23 May 1949 and included the former UK, US, and French zones; German Democratic Republic (GDR or East Germany) proclaimed 7 October 1949 and included the former USSR zone; unification of West Germany and East Germany took place 3 October 1990; all four powers formally relinquished rights 15 March 1991

Ghana 6 March 1957 (from UK)

Gibraltar none (overseas territory of the UK)

Greece 1829 (from the Ottoman Empire)

Greenland none (part of the Kingdom of Denmark; foreign affairs is the responsibility of Denmark, but Greenland actively participates in international agreements relating to Greenland)

Grenada 7 February 1974 (from UK)

Guadeloupe none (overseas department of France)

Guam none (territory of the US)

Guatemala 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Guernsey none (British crown dependency)

Guinea 2 October 1958 (from France)

Guinea-Bissau 24 September 1973 (unilaterally declared by Guinea-Bissau); 10 September 1974 (recognized by Portugal)

Guyana 26 May 1966 (from UK)

Haiti 1 January 1804 (from France)

Holy See (Vatican City) 11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century

Honduras 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Hong Kong none (special administrative region of China)

Hungary 1001 (unification by King Stephen I)

Iceland 1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark)

India 15 August 1947 (from UK)

Indonesia 17 August 1945 (independence proclaimed); 27 December 1949 (Netherlands recognizes Indonesian independence)

Iran 1 April 1979 (Islamic Republic of Iran proclaimed)

Iraq 3 October 1932 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration); note - on 28 June 2004 the Coalition Provisional Authority transferred sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government

Ireland 6 December 1921 (from UK by treaty)

Israel 14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)

Italy 17 March 1861 (Kingdom of Italy proclaimed; Italy was not finally unified until 1870)

Jamaica 6 August 1962 (from UK)

Japan 660 BC (traditional founding by Emperor JIMMU)

Jersey none (British crown dependency)

Jordan 25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)

Kazakhstan 16 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Kenya 12 December 1963 (from UK)

Kiribati 12 July 1979 (from UK)

Korea, North 15 August 1945 (from Japan)

Korea, South 15 August 1945 (from Japan)

Kuwait 19 June 1961 (from UK)

Kyrgyzstan 31 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Laos 19 July 1949 (from France)

Latvia 21 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Lebanon 22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)

Lesotho 4 October 1966 (from UK)

Liberia 26 July 1847

Libya 24 December 1951 (from Italy)

Liechtenstein 23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire)

Lithuania 11 March 1990 (independence declared from Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (Soviet Union recognizes Lithuania's independence)

Luxembourg 1839 (from the Netherlands)

Macau none (special administrative region of China)

Macedonia 8 September 1991 (referendum by registered voters endorsing independence from Yugoslavia)

Madagascar 26 June 1960 (from France)

Malawi 6 July 1964 (from UK)

Malaysia 31 August 1957 (from UK)

Maldives 26 July 1965 (from UK)

Mali 22 September 1960 (from France)

Malta 21 September 1964 (from UK)

Man, Isle of none (British crown dependency)

Marshall Islands 21 October 1986 (from the US-administered UN trusteeship)

Martinique none (overseas department of France)

Mauritania 28 November 1960 (from France)

Mauritius 12 March 1968 (from UK)

Mayotte none (territorial collectivity of France)

Mexico 16 September 1810 (from Spain)

Micronesia, Federated States of 3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)

Moldova 27 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Monaco 1419 (beginning of the rule by the House of Grimaldi)

Mongolia 11 July 1921 (from China)

Montserrat none (overseas territory of the UK)

Morocco 2 March 1956 (from France)

Mozambique 25 June 1975 (from Portugal)

Namibia 21 March 1990 (from South African mandate)

Nauru 31 January 1968 (from the Australia-, NZ-, and UK-administered UN trusteeship)

Nepal 1768 (unified by Prithvi Narayan Shah)

Netherlands 23 January 1579 (the northern provinces of the Low Countries conclude the Union of Utrecht breaking with Spain; it was not until 1648 that Spain recognized their independence)

Netherlands Antilles none (part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands)

New Caledonia none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014

New Zealand 26 September 1907 (from UK)

Nicaragua 15 September 1821 (from Spain)

Niger 3 August 1960 (from France)

Nigeria 1 October 1960 (from UK)

Niue on 19 October 1974, Niue became a self-governing parliamentary government in free association with New Zealand

Norfolk Island none (territory of Australia)

Northern Mariana Islands none (commonwealth in political union with the US)

Norway 7 June 1905 (Norway declared the union with Sweden dissolved); 26 October 1905 (Sweden agreed to the repeal of the union)

Oman 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese)

Pakistan 14 August 1947 (from UK)

Palau 1 October 1994 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)

Panama 3 November 1903 (from Colombia; became independent from Spain 28 November 1821)

Papua New Guinea 16 September 1975 (from the Australian-administered UN trusteeship)

Paraguay 14 May 1811 (from Spain)

Peru 28 July 1821 (from Spain)

Philippines 12 June 1898 (from Spain)

Pitcairn Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)

Poland 11 November 1918 (independent republic proclaimed)

Portugal 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 5 October 1910 (independent republic proclaimed)

Puerto Rico none (commonwealth associated with the US)

Qatar 3 September 1971 (from UK)

Reunion none (overseas department of France)

Romania 9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin; kingdom proclaimed 26 March 1881); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)

Russia 24 August 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Rwanda 1 July 1962 (from Belgium-administered UN trusteeship)

Saint Helena none (overseas territory of the UK)

Saint Kitts and Nevis 19 September 1983 (from UK)

Saint Lucia 22 February 1979 (from UK)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon none (territorial collectivity of France; has been under French control since 1763)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 27 October 1979 (from UK)

Samoa 1 January 1962 (from New Zealand-administered UN trusteeship)

San Marino 3 September 301

Sao Tome and Principe 12 July 1975 (from Portugal)

Saudi Arabia 23 September 1932 (unification of the kingdom)

Senegal 4 April 1960 (from France); note - complete independence was achieved upon dissolution of federation with Mali on 20 August 1960

Serbia and Montenegro 27 April 1992 (Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or FRY - now Serbia and Montenegro - formed as self-proclaimed successor to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia or SFRY)

Seychelles 29 June 1976 (from UK)

Sierra Leone 27 April 1961 (from UK)

Singapore 9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)

Slovakia 1 January 1993 (Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia)

Slovenia 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)

Solomon Islands 7 July 1978 (from UK)

Somalia 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960, to form the Somali Republic)

South Africa 31 May 1910 (from UK); note - South Africa became a republic in 1961 following an October 1960 referendum

Spain the Iberian peninsula was characterized by a variety of independent kingdoms prior to the Moslem occupation that began in the early 8th century A. D. and lasted nearly seven centuries; the small Christian redoubts of the north began the reconquest almost immediately, culminating in the seizure of Granada in 1492; this event completed the unification of several kingdoms and is traditionally considered the forging of present-day Spain

Sri Lanka 4 February 1948 (from UK)

Sudan 1 January 1956 (from Egypt and UK)

Suriname 25 November 1975 (from Netherlands)

Svalbard none (territory of Norway)

Swaziland 6 September 1968 (from UK)

Sweden 6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king)

Switzerland 1 August 1291 (founding of the Swiss Confederation)

Syria 17 April 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration)

Tajikistan 9 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Tanzania 26 April 1964; Tanganyika became independent 9 December 1961 (from UK-administered UN trusteeship); Zanzibar became independent 19 December 1963 (from UK); Tanganyika united with Zanzibar 26 April 1964 to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar; renamed United Republic of Tanzania 29 October 1964

Thailand 1238 (traditional founding date; never colonized)

Togo 27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)

Tokelau none (territory of New Zealand)

Tonga 4 June 1970 (from UK protectorate)

Trinidad and Tobago 31 August 1962 (from UK)

Tunisia 20 March 1956 (from France)

Turkey 29 October 1923 (successor state to the Ottoman Empire)

Turkmenistan 27 October 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

Turks and Caicos Islands none (overseas territory of the UK)

Tuvalu 1 October 1978 (from UK)

Uganda 9 October 1962 (from UK)

Ukraine 24 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)

United Arab Emirates 2 December 1971 (from UK)

United Kingdom England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century; the union between England and Wales, begun in 1284 with the Statute of Rhuddlan, was not formalized until 1536 with an Act of Union; in another Act of Union in 1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanently join as Great Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland; the Anglo-Irish treaty of 1921 formalized a partition of Ireland; six northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, was adopted in 1927

United States 4 July 1776 (from Great Britain)

Uruguay 25 August 1825 (from Brazil)

Uzbekistan 1 September 1991 (from Soviet Union)

Vanuatu 30 July 1980 (from France and UK)

Venezuela 5 July 1811 (from Spain)

Vietnam 2 September 1945 (from France)

Wallis and Futuna none (overseas territory of France)

Yemen 22 May 1990 (Republic of Yemen established with the merger of the Yemen Arab Republic [Yemen (Sanaa) or North Yemen] and the Marxist-dominated People's Democratic Republic of Yemen [Yemen (Aden) or South Yemen]); note - previously North Yemen had become independent in November of 1918 (from the Ottoman Empire) and South Yemen had become independent on 30 November 1967 (from the UK)

Zambia 24 October 1964 (from UK)

Zimbabwe 18 April 1980 (from UK)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2089 Industrial production growth rate (%)

Afghanistan NA

Albania 3.1% (2004 est.)

Algeria 6% (2004 est.)

American Samoa NA%

Andorra NA%

Angola 1% (2000)

Anguilla 3.1% (1997 est.)

Antigua and Barbuda 6% (1997 est.)

Argentina 12% (2004 est.)

Armenia 15% (2002 est.)

Aruba NA%

Australia 1.9% (2004 est.)

Austria 3.3% (2004 est.)

Azerbaijan 4% (2004 est.)

Bahamas, The NA

Bahrain 2% (2000 est.)

Bangladesh 6.5% (2004 est.)

Barbados -3.2% (2000 est.)

Belarus 4% (2004 est.)

Belgium 3.5% (2004 est.)

Belize 4.6% (1999)

Benin 8.3% (2001 est.)

Bermuda NA%

Bhutan 9.3% (1996 est.)

Bolivia 5.7% (2004 est.)

Bosnia and Herzegovina 5.5% (2003 est.)

Botswana 4.4% (2004 est.)

Brazil 6% (2004 est.)

British Virgin Islands NA%

Brunei 5% (2002 est.)

Bulgaria 5.2% (2004 est.)

Burkina Faso 14% (2001 est.)

Burma NA

Burundi 18% (2001)

Cambodia 22% (2002 est.)

Cameroon 4.2% (1999 est.)

Canada 2% (2004 est.)

Cape Verde NA

Cayman Islands NA%

Central African Republic 3% (2002)

Chad 5% (1995)

Chile 7.8% (2004 est.)

China 17.1% (2004 est.)

Colombia 4% (2004 est.)

Comoros -2% (1999 est.)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the NA

Congo, Republic of the 0% (2002 est.)

Cook Islands 1% (2002)

Costa Rica 3.1% (2004 est.)

Cote d'Ivoire 15% (1998 est.)

Croatia 2.7% (2004 est.)

Cuba 1.4% (2004 est.)

Cyprus Republic of Cyprus: 0.4% (2002); north Cyprus: -0.3% (2002)

Czech Republic 4.7% (2004 est.)

Denmark 1.7% (2004 est.)

Djibouti 3% (1996 est.)

Dominica -10% (1997 est.)

Dominican Republic 2% (2001 est.)

East Timor 8.5%

Ecuador 10% (2004 est.)

Egypt 2.5% (2004 est.)

El Salvador 0.7% (2004 est.)

Equatorial Guinea 30% (2002 est.)

Eritrea NA

Estonia 5% (2000 est.)

Ethiopia 6.7% (2001 est.)

European Union 2.4% (2004 est.)

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) NA%

Faroe Islands 8% (1999 est.)

Fiji NA

Finland 2% (2004 est.)

France 1.7% (2004 est.)

French Guiana NA%

French Polynesia NA%

Gabon 1.6% (2002 est.)

Gambia, The NA

Gaza Strip NA

Georgia 3% (2000)

Germany 2.2% (2004 est.)

Ghana 3.8% (2000 est.)

Gibraltar NA%

Greece 4.1% (2004 est.)

Greenland NA%

Grenada 0.7% (1997 est.)

Guadeloupe NA%

Guam NA

Guatemala 4.1% (1999)

Guernsey NA%

Guinea 3.2% (1994)

Guinea-Bissau 2.6% (1997 est.)

Guyana 7.1% (1997 est.)

Haiti NA

Honduras 7.7% (2003 est.)

Hong Kong 1% (2004 est.)

Hungary 9.6% (2004 est.)

Iceland 8.8% (2004 est.)

India 7.4% (2004 est.)

Indonesia 10.5% (2004 est.)

Iran 3.5% excluding oil (2004 est.)

Iraq NA

Ireland 7% (2004 est.)

Israel 4.5% (2004 est.)

Italy 0.7% (2004 est.)

Jamaica -2% (2000 est.)

Japan 6.6% (2004 est.)

Jersey NA%

Jordan 5% (2004 est.)

Kazakhstan 10.6% (2004 est.)

Kenya 2.6% (2004 est.)

Kiribati 0.7% (1991 est.)

Korea, North NA

Korea, South 10.1% (2004 est.)

Kuwait -5% (2002 est.)

Kyrgyzstan 6% (2000 est.)

Laos 9.7% (2001 est.)

Latvia 8.5% (2004 est.)

Lebanon NA

Lesotho 15.5% (1999)

Liberia NA

Libya NA

Liechtenstein NA%

Lithuania 12% (2004 est.)

Luxembourg 2.9% (2004 est.)

Macau NA

Macedonia 0% (2004 est.)

Madagascar 3% (2000 est.)

Malawi 1.4% (2004 est.)

Malaysia 10.2% (2004 est.)

Maldives 4.4% (1996 est.)

Mali NA (FY96/97)

Malta NA%

Man, Isle of 3.2% (FY96/97)

Marshall Islands NA

Martinique NA%

Mauritania 2% (2000 est.)

Mauritius 8% (2000 est.)

Mayotte NA%

Mexico 3.8% (2004 est.)

Micronesia, Federated States of NA

Moldova 17% (2003 est.)

Monaco NA%

Mongolia 4.1% (2002 est.)

Montserrat NA%

Morocco NA

Mozambique 3.4% (2000)

Namibia NA

Nauru NA

Nepal 8.7% (FY99/00)

Netherlands 0.8% (2004 est.)

Netherlands Antilles NA%

New Caledonia -0.6% (1996)

New Zealand 5.9% (2004 est.)

Nicaragua 4.4% (2000 est.)

Niger NA (2001 est.)

Nigeria 1.8% (2004 est.)

Niue NA

Norfolk Island NA

Northern Mariana Islands NA

Norway 5.2% (2004 est.)

Oman -1.2% (2004 est.)

Pakistan 13.1% (2004 est.)

Palau NA

Panama 5.4% (2004 est.)

Papua New Guinea NA

Paraguay 0% (2000 est.)

Peru 5.2% (2004 est.)

Philippines 5% (2004 est.)

Pitcairn Islands NA

Poland 10% (2004 est.)

Portugal 1.1% (2004 est.)

Puerto Rico NA%

Qatar 10% (2003 est.)

Reunion NA%

Romania 4% (2004 est.)

Russia 6.4% (2004 est.)

Rwanda 7% (2001 est.)

Saint Helena NA

Saint Kitts and Nevis NA%

Saint Lucia -8.9% (1997 est.)

Saint Pierre and Miquelon NA%

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines -0.9% (1997 est.)

Samoa 2.8% (2000)

San Marino 6% (1997 est.)

Sao Tome and Principe NA

Saudi Arabia 2.8% (2004 est.)

Senegal 4.7% (2004 est.)

Serbia and Montenegro 1.7% (2002 est.)

Seychelles NA

Sierra Leone NA

Singapore 11.1% (2004 est.)

Slovakia 5.1% (2004 est.)

Slovenia 3.9% (2004 est.)

Solomon Islands NA

Somalia NA

South Africa 5.5% (2004 est.)

Spain 3% (2004 est.)

Sri Lanka 7.1% (2004 est.)

Sudan 8.5% (1999 est.)

Suriname 6.5% (1994 est.)

Swaziland 3.7% (FY95/96)

Sweden 5.5% (2004 est.)

Switzerland 4.7% (2004 est.)

Syria 7% (2002 est.)

Taiwan 12.2% (2004 est.)

Tajikistan 8.2% (2002 est.)

Tanzania 8.4% (1999 est.)

Thailand 8.5% (2004 est.)

Togo NA

Tokelau NA%

Tonga 8.6% (FY98/99)

Trinidad and Tobago 7.2% (2004 est.)

Tunisia 4.4% (2004 est.)

Turkey 16.5% (2004 est.)

Turkmenistan official government estimate: 22% (2003 est.)

Turks and Caicos Islands NA%

Tuvalu NA%

Uganda 5.6% (2004 est.)

Ukraine 16.5% (2004 est.)

United Arab Emirates 4% (2000)

United Kingdom 0.9% (2004 est.)

United States 4.4% (2004 est.)

Uruguay 22% (2004 est.)

Uzbekistan 6.2% (2003 est.)

Vanuatu 1% (1997 est.)

Venezuela 12.3% (2004 est.)

Vietnam 16% (2004 est.)

Virgin Islands NA%

Wallis and Futuna NA%

West Bank NA

Western Sahara NA

World 3% (2003 est.)

Yemen 3% (2003 est.)

Zambia 6.9% (2004 est.)

Zimbabwe -7.8% (2004 est.)

This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

======================================================================

@2090 Industries

Afghanistan small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture, shoes, fertilizer, cement; handwoven carpets; natural gas, coal, copper

Albania food processing, textiles and clothing; lumber, oil, cement, chemicals, mining, basic metals, hydropower

Algeria petroleum, natural gas, light industries, mining, electrical, petrochemical, food processing

American Samoa tuna canneries (largely supplied by foreign fishing vessels), handicrafts

Andorra tourism (particularly skiing), cattle raising, timber, banking

Angola petroleum; diamonds, iron ore, phosphates, feldspar, bauxite, uranium, and gold; cement; basic metal products; fish processing; food processing; brewing; tobacco products; sugar; textiles, ship repair

Anguilla tourism, boat building, offshore financial services

Antigua and Barbuda tourism, construction, light manufacturing (clothing, alcohol, household appliances)

Argentina food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel

Armenia diamond-processing, metal-cutting machine tools, forging-pressing machines, electric motors, tires, knitted wear, hosiery, shoes, silk fabric, chemicals, trucks, instruments, microelectronics, jewelry manufacturing, software development, food processing, brandy

Aruba tourism, transshipment facilities, oil refining

Australia mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals, steel

Austria construction, machinery, vehicles and parts, food, metals, chemicals, lumber and wood processing, paper and paperboard, communications equipment, tourism

Azerbaijan petroleum and natural gas, petroleum products, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore, cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles

Bahamas, The tourism, banking, cement, oil transshipment, salt, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral-welded steel pipe

Bahrain petroleum processing and refining, aluminum smelting, iron pelletization, fertilizers, offshore banking, ship repairing; tourism

Bangladesh cotton textiles, jute, garments, tea processing, paper newsprint, cement, chemical fertilizer, light engineering, sugar

Barbados tourism, sugar, light manufacturing, component assembly for export

Belarus metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles, televisions, chemical fibers, fertilizer, textiles, radios, refrigerators

Belgium engineering and metal products, motor vehicle assembly, transportation equipment, scientific instruments, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, glass, petroleum

Belize garment production, food processing, tourism, construction

Benin textiles, food processing, construction materials, cement (2001)

Bermuda tourism, international business, light manufacturing

Bhutan cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide

Bolivia mining, smelting, petroleum, food and beverages, tobacco, handicrafts, clothing

Bosnia and Herzegovina steel, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, manganese, bauxite, vehicle assembly, textiles, tobacco products, wooden furniture, tank and aircraft assembly, domestic appliances, oil refining (2001)

Botswana diamonds, copper, nickel, salt, soda ash, potash; livestock processing; textiles

Brazil textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment

British Virgin Islands tourism, light industry, construction, rum, concrete block, offshore financial center

Brunei petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction

Bulgaria electricity, gas and water; food, beverages and tobacco; machinery and equipment, base metals, chemical products, coke, refined petroleum, nuclear fuel

Burkina Faso cotton lint, beverages, agricultural processing, soap, cigarettes, textiles, gold

Burma agricultural processing; knit and woven apparel; wood and wood products; copper, tin, tungsten, iron; construction materials; pharmaceuticals; fertilizer; cement

Burundi light consumer goods such as blankets, shoes, soap; assembly of imported components; public works construction; food processing

Cambodia tourism, garments, rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, rubber, cement, gem mining, textiles

Cameroon petroleum production and refining, aluminum production, food processing, light consumer goods, textiles, lumber, ship repair

Canada transportation equipment, chemicals, processed and unprocessed minerals, food products; wood and paper products; fish products, petroleum and natural gas

Cape Verde food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair

Cayman Islands tourism, banking, insurance and finance, construction, construction materials, furniture

Central African Republic gold and diamond mining, logging, brewing, textiles, footwear, assembly of bicycles and motorcycles

Chad oil, cotton textiles, meatpacking, beer brewing, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes, construction materials

Chile copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, iron and steel, wood and wood products, transport equipment, cement, textiles

China mining and ore processing, iron, steel, aluminum, and other metals; coal; machine building; armaments; textiles and apparel; petroleum; cement; chemicals; fertilizers; consumer products, including footwear, toys, and electronics; food processing; transportation equipment, including automobiles, rail cars and locomotives, ships, and aircraft; telecommunications equipment, commercial space launch vehicles and satellites

Christmas Island tourism, phosphate extraction (near depletion)

Cocos (Keeling) Islands copra products and tourism

Colombia textiles, food processing, oil, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, cement; gold, coal, emeralds

Comoros tourism, perfume distillation

Congo, Democratic Republic of the mining (diamonds, copper, zinc), mineral processing, consumer products (including textiles, footwear, cigarettes, processed foods and beverages), cement, commercial ship repair

Congo, Republic of the petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes

Cook Islands fruit processing, tourism, fishing, clothing, handicrafts

Costa Rica microprocessors, food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer, plastic products

Cote d'Ivoire foodstuffs, beverages; wood products, oil refining, truck and bus assembly, textiles, fertilizer, building materials, electricity, ship construction and repair

Croatia chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages; tourism

Cuba sugar, petroleum, tobacco, construction, nickel, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, pharmaceuticals

Cyprus tourism, food and beverage processing; cement and gypsum production; ship repair and refurbishment; textiles; light chemicals; metal products; wood, paper, stone, and clay products

Czech Republic metallurgy, machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, glass, armaments

Denmark iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products, shipbuilding and refurbishment, windmills

Dhekelia none

Djibouti construction, agricultural processing, salt

Dominica soap, coconut oil, tourism, copra, furniture, cement blocks, shoes

Dominican Republic tourism, sugar processing, ferronickel and gold mining, textiles, cement, tobacco

East Timor printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth

Ecuador petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals

Egypt textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals

El Salvador food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals

Equatorial Guinea petroleum, fishing, sawmilling, natural gas

Eritrea food processing, beverages, clothing and textiles, salt, cement, commercial ship repair

Estonia engineering, electronics, wood and wood products, textile; information technology, telecommunications

Ethiopia food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, metals processing, cement

Europa Island none

European Union among the world's largest and most technologically advanced, the European Union industrial base includes: ferrous and non-ferrous metal production and processing, metal products, petroleum, coal, cement, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, aerospace, rail transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles, construction equipment, industrial equipment, shipbuilding, electrical power equipment, machine tools and automated manufacturing systems, electronics and telecommunications equipment, fishing, food and beverage processing, furniture, paper, textiles, tourism

Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) fish and wool processing; tourism

Faroe Islands fishing, fish processing, small ship repair and refurbishment, handicrafts

Fiji tourism, sugar, clothing, copra, gold, silver, lumber, small cottage industries

Finland metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing

France machinery, chemicals, automobiles, metallurgy, aircraft, electronics; textiles, food processing; tourism

French Guiana construction, shrimp processing, forestry products, rum, gold mining

French Polynesia tourism, pearls, agricultural processing, handicrafts, phosphates

Gabon petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, and gold mining; chemicals; ship repair; food and beverage; textile; lumbering and plywood; cement

Gambia, The processing peanuts, fish, and hides; tourism; beverages; agricultural machinery assembly, woodworking, metalworking; clothing

Gaza Strip generally small family businesses that produce textiles, soap, olive-wood carvings, and mother-of-pearl souvenirs; the Israelis have established some small-scale modern industries in an industrial center

Georgia steel, aircraft, machine tools, electrical appliances, mining (manganese and copper), chemicals, wood products, wine

Germany among the world's largest and most technologically advanced producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, vehicles, machine tools, electronics, food and beverages; shipbuilding; textiles

Ghana mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, aluminum smelting, food processing, cement, small commercial ship building

Gibraltar tourism, banking and finance, ship repairing, tobacco

Greece tourism; food and tobacco processing, textiles; chemicals, metal products; mining, petroleum

Greenland fish processing (mainly shrimp and Greenland halibut); gold, niobium, tantalite, uranium, iron and diamond mining; handicrafts, hides and skins, small shipyards

Grenada food and beverages, textiles, light assembly operations, tourism, construction

Guadeloupe construction, cement, rum, sugar, tourism

Guam US military, tourism, construction, transshipment services, concrete products, printing and publishing, food processing, textiles

Guatemala sugar, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, petroleum, metals, rubber, tourism

Guernsey tourism, banking

Guinea bauxite, gold, diamonds; alumina refining; light manufacturing and agricultural processing industries

Guinea-Bissau agricultural products processing, beer, soft drinks

Guyana bauxite, sugar, rice milling, timber, textiles, gold mining

Haiti sugar refining, flour milling, textiles, cement, light assembly industries based on imported parts

Holy See (Vatican City) printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities

Honduras sugar, coffee, textiles, clothing, wood products

Hong Kong textiles, clothing, tourism, banking, shipping, electronics, plastics, toys, watches, clocks

Hungary mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles

Iceland fish processing; aluminum smelting, ferrosilicon production, geothermal power; tourism

India textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery, software

Indonesia petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, food, tourism

Iran petroleum, petrochemicals, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food processing (particularly sugar refining and vegetable oil production), metal fabrication, armaments

Iraq petroleum, chemicals, textiles, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing

Ireland steel, lead, zinc, silver, aluminum, barite, and gypsum mining processing; food products, brewing, textiles, clothing; chemicals, pharmaceuticals; machinery, rail transportation equipment, passenger and commercial vehicles, ship construction and refurbishment; glass and crystal; software, tourism

Israel high-technology projects (including aviation, communications, computer-aided design and manufactures, medical electronics, fiber optics), wood and paper products, potash and phosphates, food, beverages, and tobacco, caustic soda, cement, construction, metals products, chemical products, plastics, diamond cutting, textiles and footwear

Italy tourism, machinery, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles, motor vehicles, clothing, footwear, ceramics

Jamaica tourism, bauxite/alumina, textiles, agro processing, wearing apparel, light manufactures, rum, cement, metal, paper, chemical products, telecommunications

Japan among world's largest and technologically advanced producers of motor vehicles, electronic equipment, machine tools, steel and nonferrous metals, ships, chemicals, textiles, processed foods

Jersey tourism, banking and finance, dairy

Jordan phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, potash, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing, tourism

Kazakhstan oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials

Kenya small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, cigarettes, flour), agricultural products; oil refining, aluminum, steel, lead, cement; commercial ship repair, tourism

Kiribati fishing, handicrafts

Korea, North military products; machine building, electric power, chemicals; mining (coal, iron ore, magnesite, graphite, copper, zinc, lead, and precious metals), metallurgy; textiles, food processing; tourism

Korea, South electronics, telecommunications, automobile production, chemicals, shipbuilding, steel

Kuwait petroleum, petrochemicals, cement, shipbuilding and repair, desalination, food processing, construction materials

Kyrgyzstan small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, sawn logs, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals

Laos tin and gypsum mining, timber, electric power, agricultural processing, construction, garments, tourism

Latvia buses, vans, street and railroad cars, synthetic fibers, agricultural machinery, fertilizers, washing machines, radios, electronics, pharmaceuticals, processed foods, textiles; note - dependent on imports for energy and raw materials

Lebanon banking, food processing, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal fabricating

Lesotho food, beverages, textiles, apparel assembly, handicrafts; construction; tourism

Liberia rubber processing, palm oil processing, timber, diamonds

Libya petroleum, iron and steel, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement

Liechtenstein electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments

Lithuania metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, television sets, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture making, textiles, food processing, fertilizers, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, electronic components, computers, amber

Luxembourg banking, iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products, engineering, tires, glass, aluminum, information technology, tourism and banking

Macau tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys

Macedonia coal, metallic chromium, lead, zinc, ferronickel, textiles, wood products, tobacco, food processing, buses, steel

Madagascar meat processing, soap, breweries, tanneries, sugar, textiles, glassware, cement, automobile assembly plant, paper, petroleum, tourism

Malawi tobacco, tea, sugar, sawmill products, cement, consumer goods

Malaysia Peninsular Malaysia - rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, electronics, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber; Sabah - logging, petroleum production; Sarawak - agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging

Maldives fish processing, tourism, shipping, boat building, coconut processing, garments, woven mats, rope, handicrafts, coral and sand mining

Mali food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining

Malta tourism; electronics, ship building and repair, construction; food and beverages, textiles, footwear, clothing, tobacco

Man, Isle of financial services, light manufacturing, tourism

Marshall Islands copra, tuna processing, tourism, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls

Martinique construction, rum, cement, oil refining, sugar, tourism

Mauritania fish processing, mining of iron ore and gypsum

Mauritius food processing (largely sugar milling), textiles, clothing; chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, nonelectrical machinery; tourism

Mayotte newly created lobster and shrimp industry, construction

Mexico food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism

Micronesia, Federated States of tourism, construction, fish processing, specialized aquaculture, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls

Moldova food processing, agricultural machinery, foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines, hosiery, sugar, vegetable oil, shoes, textiles

Monaco tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products

Mongolia construction and construction materials; mining (coal, copper, molybdenum, fluorspar, and gold); oil; food and beverages; processing of animal products, cashmere and natural fiber manufacturing

Montserrat tourism, rum, textiles, electronic appliances

Morocco phosphate rock mining and processing, food processing, leather goods, textiles, construction, tourism

Mozambique food, beverages, chemicals (fertilizer, soap, paints), aluminum, petroleum products, textiles, cement, glass, asbestos, tobacco

Namibia meatpacking, fish processing, dairy products; mining (diamond, lead, zinc, tin, silver, tungsten, uranium, copper)

Nauru phosphate mining, offshore banking, coconut products

Nepal tourism, carpet, textile; small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; cigarette; cement and brick production

Netherlands agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, fishing

Netherlands Antilles tourism (Curacao, Sint Maarten, and Bonaire), petroleum refining (Curacao), petroleum transshipment facilities (Curacao and Bonaire), light manufacturing (Curacao)

New Caledonia nickel mining and smelting

New Zealand food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining

Nicaragua food processing, chemicals, machinery and metal products, textiles, clothing, petroleum refining and distribution, beverages, footwear, wood

Niger uranium mining, cement, brick, soap, textiles, food processing, chemicals, slaughterhouses

Nigeria crude oil, coal, tin, columbite, palm oil, peanuts, cotton, rubber, wood, hides and skins, textiles, cement and other construction materials, food products, footwear, chemicals, fertilizer, printing, ceramics, steel, small commercial ship construction and repair

Niue tourism, handicrafts, food processing

Norfolk Island tourism, light industry, ready mixed concrete

Northern Mariana Islands tourism, construction, garments, handicrafts

Norway petroleum and gas, food processing, shipbuilding, pulp and paper products, metals, chemicals, timber, mining, textiles, fishing

Oman crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied natural gas (LNG) production, construction, cement, copper, steel, chemicals, optic fiber

Pakistan textiles and apparel, food processing, pharmaceuticals, construction materials, paper products, fertilizer, shrimp

Palau tourism, craft items (from shell, wood, pearls), construction, garment making

Panama construction, brewing, cement and other construction materials, sugar milling

Papua New Guinea copra crushing, palm oil processing, plywood production, wood chip production; mining of gold, silver, and copper; crude oil production; construction, tourism

Paraguay sugar, cement, textiles, beverages, wood products, steel, metallurgic, electric power

Peru mining and refining of minerals and metals, petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas, fishing and fish processing, textiles, clothing, food processing, steel, metal fabrication

Philippines electronics assembly, garments, footwear, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, wood products, food processing, petroleum refining, fishing

Pitcairn Islands postage stamps, handicrafts, beekeeping, honey

Poland machine building, iron and steel, coal mining, chemicals, shipbuilding, food processing, glass, beverages, textiles

Portugal textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metals and metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; rubber and plastic products; ceramics; electronics and communications equipment; rail transportation equipment; aerospace equipment; ship construction and refurbishment; wine; tourism

Puerto Rico pharmaceuticals, electronics, apparel, food products, tourism

Qatar crude oil production and refining, ammonia, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement, commercial ship repair

Reunion sugar, rum, cigarettes, handicraft items, flower oil extraction

Romania textiles and footwear, light machinery and auto assembly, mining, timber, construction materials, metallurgy, chemicals, food processing, petroleum refining

Russia complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries including radar, missile production, and advanced electronic components, shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts

Rwanda cement, agricultural products, small-scale beverages, soap, furniture, shoes, plastic goods, textiles, cigarettes

Saint Helena construction, crafts (furniture, lacework, fancy woodwork), fishing

Saint Kitts and Nevis sugar processing, tourism, cotton, salt, copra, clothing, footwear, beverages

Saint Lucia clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism, lime processing, coconut processing

Saint Pierre and Miquelon fish processing and supply base for fishing fleets; tourism

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines food processing, cement, furniture, clothing, starch

Samoa food processing, building materials, auto parts

San Marino tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine

Sao Tome and Principe light construction, textiles, soap, beer; fish processing; timber

Saudi Arabia crude oil production, petroleum refining, basic petrochemicals, ammonia, industrial gases, sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), cement, construction, fertilizer, plastics, commercial ship repair, commercial aircraft repair

Senegal agricultural and fish processing, phosphate mining, fertilizer production, petroleum refining, construction materials, ship construction and repair

Serbia and Montenegro machine building (aircraft, trucks, and automobiles; tanks and weapons; electrical equipment; agricultural machinery); metallurgy (steel, aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, chromium, antimony, bismuth, cadmium); mining (coal, bauxite, nonferrous ore, iron ore, limestone); consumer goods (textiles, footwear, foodstuffs, appliances); electronics, petroleum products, chemicals, and pharmaceuticals

Seychelles fishing; tourism; processing of coconuts and vanilla, coir (coconut fiber) rope, boat building, printing, furniture; beverages

Sierra Leone diamonds mining; small-scale manufacturing (beverages, textiles, cigarettes, footwear); petroleum refining, small commercial ship repair

Singapore electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, life sciences, entrepot trade

Slovakia metal and metal products; food and beverages; electricity, gas, coke, oil, nuclear fuel; chemicals and manmade fibers; machinery; paper and printing; earthenware and ceramics; transport vehicles; textiles; electrical and optical apparatus; rubber products

Slovenia ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting, electronics (including military electronics), trucks, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools

Solomon Islands fish (tuna), mining, timber

Somalia a few light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, wireless communication

South Africa mining (world's largest producer of platinum, gold, chromium), automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textile, iron and steel, chemicals, fertilizer, foodstuffs, commercial ship repair

Spain textiles and apparel (including footwear), food and beverages, metals and metal manufactures, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles, machine tools, tourism, clay and refractory products, footwear, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment

Sri Lanka rubber processing, tea, coconuts, and other agricultural commodities; telecommunications, insurance, and banking; clothing, cement, petroleum refining, textiles, tobacco

Sudan oil, cotton ginning, textiles, cement, edible oils, sugar, soap distilling, shoes, petroleum refining, pharmaceuticals, armaments, automobile/light truck assembly

Suriname bauxite and gold mining, alumina production, oil, lumbering, food processing, fishing

Swaziland mining (coal, raw asbestos), wood pulp, sugar, soft drink concentrates, textile and apparel

Sweden iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles

Switzerland machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments

Syria petroleum, textiles, food processing, beverages, tobacco, phosphate rock mining

Taiwan electronics, petroleum refining, armaments, chemicals, textiles, iron and steel, machinery, cement, food processing, vehicles, consumer products, pharmaceuticals

Tajikistan aluminum, zinc, lead, chemicals and fertilizers, cement, vegetable oil, metal-cutting machine tools, refrigerators and freezers

Tanzania agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond, gold and iron mining, soda ash, oil refining, shoes, cement, apparel, wood products, fertilizer, salt

Thailand tourism, textiles and garments, agricultural processing, beverages, tobacco, cement, light manufacturing such as jewelry, electric appliances and components, computers and parts, integrated circuits, furniture, plastics, world's second-largest tungsten producer, and third-largest tin producer

Togo phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages