Introduction
Numerous letters have been received by this bureau in recent years relative to the existence of a disease affecting the mouths and feet of cattle in certain Eastern and Central Western States. Later reports indicate that the malady has made its appearance in the Southwest, where it has caused much alarm among the stockmen owing to its similarity to the foot-and-mouth disease of Europe. The disease, which is to be discussed under the name of mycotic stomatitis, has been carefully investigated by this department on various occasions, and it is with the view of giving the results of these clinical investigations as well as to assert its noninfectiousness and to differentiate it from the virulent foot-and-mouth disease, which it so closely simulates, that this article is prepared.
NAME AND SYNONYMS.
The name stomatitis signifies that there is present in the affected animals an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the mouth. This inflammation, which quickly develops into ulcers, is one of the principal and most frequently observed lesions. Mycotic stomatitis refers to that form of stomatitis which results from eating food containing irritant fungi. Thus the name not only suggests the cause of the disease, but also indicates the location of the earliest and most prominent symptoms. Other names which have been applied to this disease by different writers are sporadic aphthÊ; aphthous stomatitis; sore mouth of cattle; sore tongue; benign, simple, or noninfectious foot-and-mouth disease; mycotic aphthous stomatitis; and sporadic stomatitis aphthosa.
CHARACTER OF THE DISEASE.
Mycotic stomatitis is a sporadic, or noninfectious, disease which affects cattle of all ages that are on pasture, but more especially milch cows. It is characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the mucous membrane of the mouth, producing salivation and inappetence, and secondarily affecting the feet, which become sore and swollen. Superficial erosions of the skin, particularly of the muzzle and of the teats and udders of cows, may also be present, with some elevation of temperature and emaciation.
CAUSE.
This disease, as its name indicates, results from the eating of forage containing fungi or molds. It is probable that more than one fungus is involved in the production of this disease, but no particular species has been definitely proved to be the causative factor. Several attempts have been made by the writer to determine the exact cause and also to transmit the disease to other animals by direct inoculation, but with negative results. Suspicion, however, has been directed by various observers to the Uromyces and the red and black rusts that occur on clovers. These fungi cause very severe irritation of the lining membrane of the mouth, producing sometimes a catarrhal, at other times an aphthous, and occasionally an ulcerous stomatitis. The fungus of rape, etc. (Polydesmus excitiosus), is very irritating to the mouths and feet of cattle, causing severe inflammation and in some instances producing symptoms that have been mistaken for foot-and-mouth disease. The fungi (Penicillium and Puccinia) found on grasses have also been credited with the production of stomatitis. The fact that this disease disappears from a locality at a certain time and reappears at irregular intervals would suggest the probability that certain climatic conditions were essential for the propagation of the causative fungi, since it is well known that the malady becomes prevalent after a hot, dry period has been followed by rain, thus furnishing the requirements necessary for the luxuriant development of molds and fungi. Owing to this fact the disease is observed in one locality during one season and in an entirely different section another year, but reappears in the former center when favorable conditions prevail. In this way the affection has occurred at irregular intervals in certain sections of both the United States and Canada.
SYMPTOMS AND LESIONS.
Among the first symptoms observed in mycotic stomatitis are inability to eat, suspension of rumination, frequent movements of the lips with the formation of froth on their margins, and in some cases a dribbling of saliva from the mouth. There is a desire to eat, and frequent attempts to take food are made, but prehension is very difficult. If, however, feed is placed on the back of the tongue, it is readily masticated and swallowed. If the mouth is examined at this time, it will be found red and hot, and exceptionally small blisters will be seen, which, however, quickly become eroded and develop into active ulcers varying in size from one-eighth to 1 inch in diameter. Where several ulcers have coalesced a large and irregularly indented patch is formed. These erosions are most frequently found on the gums around the incisor teeth, on the dental pad, inside the lips, and on the tip of the tongue, but they also occur on the cheeks, interdental space, and dorsum of the tongue. The ulcers have a hemorrhagic border, a depressed suppurating surface, and contain a brownish or yellowish colored dÈbris, which is soon replaced by granulation tissue. As a result of this sloughing of the tissues and the retention of food in the mouth, a very offensive odor is exhaled. The muzzle becomes dry and parched in appearance, which condition is shortly followed by erosions and exfoliations of the superficial layer of the skin. Adherent brownish crusts and scabs form over the parts, and similar lesions are seen around the nostrils and external surface of the lips.
In some cases there are associated with these alterations a slight swelling and painfulness in the region of the pasterns, at times affecting the forefeet, at other times the hind feet, and occasionally all four feet. In a few cases the swelling may extend above the fetlock, but it has never been observed above the knee or hock. The skin around the coronet may occasionally become fissured and the thin skin in the cleft of the foot eroded and suppurated, but without the formation of vesicles. As a result of these feet lesions, the affected animal may assume a position with its back arched and the limbs propped under the body as in a case of founder, and will manifest much pain and lameness in walking. If it lies down, the animal shows reluctance in getting up, and although manifesting no inclination to move about, when forced to do so there is more or less stiffness and a tendency to kick or shake the foot as if to dislodge a foreign body from between the claws.
In some outbreaks the milch cows have slight superficial erosions on the teats which at times extend to the udder. The cracks in the skin are filled with serum and form brownish-colored scabs. The teats become tender and the milk secretion diminishes; in some cases it disappears. A similar tendency toward the formation of fissures and scabs on the skin of the neck and shoulders has manifested itself in a recent outbreak in Texas, and this feature was likewise noticeable in the disease when it occurred in Maryland and Virginia in 1889.
In mild cases only the mouth lesions may be observed, or these alterations may be associated with one or more of the other above-described symptoms, but in severe cases, where there is a generalized mycotic intoxication, one animal may show all these alterations. When the disease is well developed the general appearance of the animal is one of great lassitude, and it either stands off by itself with hind feet drawn under the body and its forefeet extended, or it assumes a recumbent position. Owing to the inability to eat and to the general systemic disturbance present, the animal loses flesh very rapidly and becomes greatly emaciated in the latter stages of the disease. The temperature and pulse are somewhat increased, the former 2 or 3 degrees, the latter to from 75 to 90 beats per minute. The fever is not lasting, and these symptoms are soon modified. The animal has an anxious look, and in a few cases there is a gastrointestinal irritation, the feces being thin, of a dark color, and of an offensive odor.
PROGNOSIS AND MORTALITY.
Mycotic stomatitis is not a serious disease, and in uncomplicated cases recoveries soon follow the removal of the cause and the application of the indicated remedies. In such cases complete restoration may take place within one week. In mild outbreaks a large percentage of the animals will recover without treatment, but that the disease is fatal is shown by the fact that animals which develop an aggravated form of the affection succumb if not treated. In such animals death occurs in 6 or 8 days, but the mortality in the serious outbreaks thus far investigated has been less than 0.5 per cent. The course of this disease is irregular and runs from 7 to 15 days, the average case covering a period of about 10 days.
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS.
FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE.
In examining a case of mycotic stomatitis it is important not to mistake it for foot-and-mouth disease, which has appeared in this country on six occasions only. This may be easily accomplished by taking into consideration the fact that in the contagious foot-and-mouth disease there is a rapid infection of the entire herd, as well as of any hogs and sheep that may be on the premises. It is also readily transmitted to neighboring herds by the spread of the infection from diseased animals, but it never occurs spontaneously. The characteristic lesion of foot-and-mouth disease is the appearance of vesicles containing serous fluid in the mouth and upon the udder, teats, heels, and coronary bands of the affected animals. Drooling is profuse, and there is a peculiar smacking sound made by sucking the affected lips.
Mycotic stomatitis occurs sporadically on widely separated farms, affecting only a few animals in each herd, and the lesions produced consist of erosions without the typical vesicular formations of foot-and-mouth disease. The failure of the vesicles, if any appear, to spread extensively in the mouth, the absence of these blisters on other portions of the body-- notably the teats and udder, and characteristically the feet--together with the absence of infection in the herd, and the inability to transmit the disease to calves by inoculation, distinguish between this affection and foot-and-mouth disease. The erosions of the mouth are not so extensive and they heal more rapidly in mycotic stomatitis. The swelling of the feet and stiffness of the animal are also more marked in mycotic stomatitis.
ERGOTISM.
The lesions resulting from ergotism may be differentiated from those of mycotic stomatitis by the lack of ulcerative eruptions in the mouth and by the location of the lesions at the tips of the ears, end of the tail, or upon the lower part of the legs, usually below the knees or hocks. The lesions of ergotism do not take the form of ulcers or festers, but the end of the limb affected is diseased "in toto" and the eruption extends entirely around the limbs, followed soon afterwards by a distinct line of demarcation between the healthy skin above and the diseased below. The absence of suppurating sores between the claws and on the mucous membrane of the mouth, the knowledge that the lesion upon the limb in question extends uninterruptedly around it, and the presence of ergotized seeds in the hay or grain fed the animals should point conclusively to a diagnosis of ergotism.
FOUL FOOT.
In foul foot, or ground itch, of cattle, the inflammation of the skin and toes usually affects but one foot. It begins as a superficial inflammation followed by sloughing, ulceration, and the formation of fistulous tracts which may involve the tendons, bones, and joints. The mouth remains unaffected, and the presence of the disease may be traced to filth and poor drainage.
NECROTIC STOMATITIS.
In necrotic stomatitis (calf diphtheria) there is a formation of yellowish cheesy patches in the mouth without any lesions of the feet or udder. It affects sucking calves chiefly, and is caused by the Bacillus necrophorus.
TREATMENT.
The treatment of mycotic stomatitis should consist in first removing the herd of cattle from the pasture in which they have been running. The affected animals should, if it is possible, be brought to the barn or corral and fed on soft, nutritious food, such as bran mashes, ground feed, and gruels. A bucket of clear, cool water should be kept constantly in the manger, so that the animal may drink or rinse the mouth at its pleasure; and it will be found beneficial to dissolve 2 heaping tablespoonfuls of borax or 1 tablespoonful of potassium chlorate in each of the first two buckets of water taken during the day. If the animals are gentle enough to be handled, the mouth should be swabbed out daily with antiseptic washes, such as a 2 per cent solution of carbolic acid or a 1 per cent solution of compound solution of cresol or of permanganate of potassium, or 1 part of hydrogen peroxid to 2 parts of water. This should be followed by astringents, such as one-half tablespoonful of alum, borax, or chlorate of potassium placed on the tongue. Probably a more satisfactory method of administering the antiseptic treatment to a large number of animals would be to mix thoroughly 2 teaspoonfuls of pure carbolic acid every morning in a quart of bran mash and give to each affected animal for a period of five days. Range cattle may be more readily treated by the use of medicated salt placed in troughs accessible to the animals. This salt may be prepared by pouring 4 ounces of crude carbolic acid upon 12 quarts of ordinary barrel salt, after which they are thoroughly mixed. The lesions of the feet should be treated with a 2 per cent solution of carbolic acid, while the fissures and other lesions of the skin will be benefited by the application of carbolized vaseline or zinc ointment. If the animals are treated in this manner and carefully fed, the disease will rapidly disappear.
INDEX.
Abdomen-- dropsy affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 47 inflammation, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224 of calf, dropsy, description, and treatment, 180 wounds, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 43
Abdominal cavity, kinds of parasites affecting, 529
Abortion-- contagious-- description and causes, 165 treatment and prevention, 170 noncontagious-- causes, 165 treatment, 170
Abscess-- bacteria causing, 237 ear treatment, 355 lung, description, 99 navel, cause and treatment, 249 orbital and periorbital, symptoms and treatment, 352
Abscesses-- danger in castration of cattle, 300 treatment, 295
Absorbents, description, 75
Achorion schonleinii, fungus causing Tinea favosa, 332
Acids-- mineral, poisoning, description and treatment, 54 poisoning, description and treatment, 54 vegetable, poisonous, description and treatment, 61
Aconite poisoning, description and treatment, 63
Actinomycosis-- description and symptoms, 440-449 jawbone, description and treatment, 442 lungs, 442 prevention and treatment, 445-446 relation to public health, 447
Adenoma, description, 310
Administration of medicines, chapter by Leonard Pearson, 7-11
Afterbirth, retention, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 220
Air tubes, lung, parasites affecting, description and treatment, 530
Air under the skin, description, symptoms, and treatment, 334
Albumin, urine, description and treatment, 121
Albuminuria, description and treatment, 121
Alkalies, poisoning, description and treatment, 59
Amaurosis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 348
Anaphrodisia, cause, prevention, and treatment, 149
Anasarca of the skin, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 330
Anesthesia, uses in operations, 289
Aneurism, description, 85
Angioma tumor, description, 310
Animal Industry Bureau, experiments against hemorrhagic septicemia, 401
Animal parasites of cattle, chapter by B. H. Ranson, 502-531
Animal products, poisonous, description and treatment, 71
Anthrax-- cause, symptoms, treatment, etc., 449-458 human, description, 458 serum, relation to blackleg, 458 symptomatic, description, cause, treatment, etc., 449-458 treatment by use of serum, 455
Aphtha, calf, description and treatment, 263
Aphtha parasite (Saccharomyces albicans), cause, 263
Aphthous fever. See Foot-and-mouth disease.
Aphthous stomatitis, reference, 532
Apoplexy-- cerebral, description and treatment, 106 parturient, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226
Appetite-- depraved, description, causes and treatment, 28 Loss, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease, 383
Aqueous humor of eye, description, 341
Argentina, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Arsenic poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment, 54
Arsenical dips-- for destroying cattle ticks, 488 use against screw worms, 507
Arsenical vapor, danger of inhalation in making cattle dip, 489
Arteries-- and veins, wounds, description and treatment, 83 obstruction, description and treatment, 85
Ascaris vitulorum, intestinal roundworm, description and treatment, 524
Ascites-- causes, symptoms, and treatment, 47 description and treatment, 180
Asepsis in surgical operations, 289
Aseptic periostitis, description and treatment, 266
Asphyxia electrica, symptoms and treatment, 111
Atkinson, V. T.-- chapter on "Bones: Diseases and accidents", 264-288 chapter on "Poison and poisoning", 51-70
Atrophy, description, 81
Auscultation, definition, 91
Austria-Hungary, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Bacillus-- cyanogenes, causing blue milk, 242 tuberculosis, (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, new terminology) causing tuberculosis, 407
Back, sprain, causes and treatment, 270
Bacteria-- causing abscess, 237 definition, 360
Bacterium bovisepticum, causing hemorrhagic septicemia, 397
Balkan countries, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Ball-- eye, description, 340 hair, in stomach, description, 29
Balls, use in administering medicines, 8
Bee stings, description and treatment, 71
Beef measles, discussion and management, 529
Belgium, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Benign tumors, description, 306
Big jaw. See Actinomycosis.
Black quarter. See Blackleg.
Blackleg-- description, cause and treatment, 459, 464 serum, relation to anthrax, 458 vaccine, note on distribution by Animal Industry Bureau, 463
Bladder-- eversion, description, and treatment, 218 or rectum, full, as obstruction to parturition, 178 palsy of neck, cause and treatment, 130 paralysis, causes and treatment, 128 rupture, symptoms, 218 spasms, description and treatment, 128 stone, symptoms and treatment, 142
Bladder worms-- affecting brain, description and treatment, 528 thin-necked, description and treatment, 528
Bleeding-- description and treatment, 83 lungs, description and treatment, 99 navel, cause and treatment, 248 nose, cause and treatment, 93 womb, description, symptoms, and treatment, 214
Blisters, water, symptoms and treatment, 328
Bloating, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22
Blood-- clots on walls of vagina, description and treatment, 220 coagulated, under vaginal walls after calving, treatment, 179 description and influence of food on, 75 flukes (Schistosoma bovis), note, 526 parasites affecting, different kinds, 526 protozoa affecting, 510-536 vessels-- functions, 73 heart, lymphatics, diseases, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh, 73-86
Bloodsuckers affecting cattle, description and treatment, 519
Bloody milk, cause and treatment, 241
Bloody urine-- caused by blood flukes, 526 description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
Blue disease, cause, 253
Blue lice (HÊmatopinus eurysternus and H. vitali), description, 512
Blue milk, cause and treatment, 242
Boils, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 328
Bones-- broken, description of kinds and treatment, 271-282 diseases and accidents, chapter by V. T. Atkinson, 264-288 dislocations, description and treatment, 282 face, fracture, description, and treatment, 277 luxations, description and treatment, 282 manner of nourishment, 264 number and description, 264 shape, classes, 265
Bony tumor, description and treatment, 314
Boophilus annulatus, Texas fever tick. See Margaropus annulatus.
Bots affecting cattle, description and treatment, 507
Bovine tuberculosis and the public health, 429
Bowel hernia, description and treatment, 39
Bowels-- diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34-43 obstruction resulting from invagination, symptoms and treatment, 35 twisting and knotting, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35
Brain-- and its membranes, inflammation, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 103 bladder worms affecting, treatment, 527 C[oe]nurus cerebralis (Multiceps multiceps) affecting, treatment, 527 concussion, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 107 congestion, description and treatment, 106 description, 101 tumors, description, 112
Brazil, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Breach-- navel, symptoms and treatment, 252 uterus, cause and treatment, 162
Breathing, suspended in young calves, discussion, 247
Bronchial tubes, parasites affecting, 530
Bronchitis-- description, symptoms, and treatment, 94 verminous-- description, symptoms, treatment, and prevention, 100 parasite (Strongylus micrurus), cause, 100
Brush, report of foot-and-mouth disease in man, 394
Buffalo gnats, description and remedy, 505
Bull, ringing, method, 291
Bulls, susceptibility to sarcoptic mange, 517
Burns and scalds, causes and treatment, 333
Calculi-- classification, 137 forms in different situations, 138 in prepuce or sheath, treatment, 144 renal, description and treatment, 139 urethral, description and treatment, 139 urinary-- classification, 137 description and causes, 130 effect of different feeds, 131
Calculus-- blocking teats, treatment, 243 prevention, 141 vesical or urethral, symptoms and treatment, 142
Calf-- attention necessary at birth, 247 diphtheria, description, symptoms, and treatment, 464-469 dropsy-- general, cause and treatment, 180 of abdomen, description and treatment, 180 monstrosities, descriptions, causes, and treatment, 182-184 muscles, rigid contraction, cause and treatment, 181 slinking, description, 165 swelling, caused by gas, treatment, 181 tumors affecting, description and treatment, 181
Calves-- congenital imperfections, kinds, 263 indigestion affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34 newborn, acute scouring, description, prevention and treatment, 261 pyemic and septicemic inflammation, symptoms and treatment, 251 young-- aphtha, or thrush, affecting, description and treatment, 233 constipation affecting, cause and treatment, 253 diseases affecting, chapter by James Law, 247-263 rickets affecting, description and treatment, 263 ulcers in mouth, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 464
Calving-- dropping and palsy following, description and treatment, 233 retarded by nervousness, 179 symptoms, 173
Canada, source of foot-and-mouth infection, 386
Cancer, description and treatment, 315
Capsule, eye, description, 342
Capsules, use in administering medicines, 8
Carbolic-acid poisoning, description and treatment, 60
Carbon dioxid, formation in preparing cattle dip, 489
Carbuncle, description, 458
Carcinoma, description and treatment, 315
Caries, teeth, description, 16
Carpus, fracture, description and treatment, 281
Cartilage, ear, necrosis affecting, 357
Caruncula lacrimalis of eye, description, 344
Casein concretions blocking teats, cause and treatment, 343
Casting the withers, cause and treatment, 215
Castration-- dangers and care, 299-301 of female, description of operation, 300 of male, description of operation, 299
Cataract, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 348
Catarrh-- description, symptoms, and treatment, 92, 93 gastrointestinal, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32, 33 malignant, description, symptoms, and treatment, 469-472 nasal, description, symptoms, and treatment, 92
Catarrhal fever, infectious, description, symptoms, and treatment, 469-472
Cats, ear ticks on, note, 518
Cattle-- animal parasites affecting, chapter by B. H. Ransom, 502-531 dip, preparation and use, 488-494 dose of vaccine against anthrax, 459 drenching, care of lungs, 522 farcy, description and treatment, 501 infected with anthrax, description, 458 infection with sarcoptic mange, 517 infectious diseases, chapter by John R. Mohler, 358-501 infestation with tapeworm, 523 injury by use of petroleum against ticks, 494 loss of blood by inoculations, limits of safety, 500 northern, immunization against Texas fever, manner, 498 parasitic diseases, prevention, 510 plague. See Rinderpest. protection from flies, formulas for mixtures, 502-503 rabies affecting, description, symptoms, etc, 402-406 southern, injury by ticks, 482 tick, Margaropus annulatus, as carrier of Texas fever, 480 ticks-- injurious effects of and losses caused by, 481-485 methods of ridding cattle of, 485-494 tumors affecting, chapter by John R. Mohler, 303-319
Cerebral apoplexy, description and treatment, 106
Cerebrospinal division, description, 101
Chapped teats, cause and treatment, 243
Charbon. See Anthrax.
Chest, dropsy affecting, description and treatment, 99
Children, infection with foot-and-mouth disease, 394
China, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Choking, symptoms and treatment, 20
Chorioptic mange, location and treatment, 517
Choroid coat of the eye, description, 342
Chrondroma tumor, description and treatment, 314
Chronic tympanites, cause and treatment, 25
Coal-oil poisoning, description and treatment, 59
C[oe]nurus cerebralis (Multiceps multiceps) affecting brain, treatment, 527
Coital exanthema, description, symptoms, and treatment, 401
Cold in the head, description, symptoms, and treatment, 92
Colic, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 31
Concussion of the brain, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 107
Congenital imperfections in calves, kinds, 263
Congestion-- and inflammation of testicles, description and treatment, 152 brain, description and treatment, 106 liver, description, symptoms, and treatment, 45 spinal cord, description, symptoms, and treatment, 110 bladder, description and treatment, 233
Conjunctivitis-- causes, symptoms, and treatment, 344 infectious catarrhal, symptoms, treatment and prevention, 345
Connecticut, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Constipation-- cause and treatment, 36 young calves, cause and treatment, 253
Contagious-- abortion-- causes, 165-172 prevention and treatment, 170 diseases, disinfection of premises, 363 inflammation of the udder, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 mammitis, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 pleuropneumonia-- cause, incubation, and symptoms, 369 definition and history, 366 post-mortem appearance, 373 prevention and treatment, 377 scouring, acute, in newborn calves, description, prevention, and treatment, 261
Contused or lacerated wounds, description and treatment, 298
Contusion of lips, wounds, and snake bites of mouth, symptoms and treatment, 14
Copper poisoning, description and treatment, 56
Cornea-- eye, description, 341 ulcers, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347
Corneal dermatoma, description and treatment, 349
Corneitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 345
Cough, examination, 89
Cow, pregnant, hygiene, 160
Cowpox, description, symptoms, and treatment, 240, 438
Cows, milk, protection from flies, 503
Cramps of hind limbs during pregnancy, cause, 162
Cranium, fracture, description and treatment, 278
Creeps, description, symptoms, and treatment, 267
Cresol-- compound solution, composition and use, 366 use in foot-and-mouth disease, 393
Croupous enteritis, description, symptoms, and treatment, 35
Crude petroleum-- danger to cattle in use against ticks, 494 dip for destroying cattle ticks, 491
Cud, loss, description, 27
Cuts, barbed-wire, description and treatment, 297
Cyanosis, cause, 81, 253
Cysts-- dental, description and treatment, 318 dermoid-- and sebaceous, description and treatment, 330 description and treatment, 318 description, 308 extravasation, description, 317 mucous, description and treatment, 319 parasitic, description, 317 proliferation, description and treatment, 319 serous, description and treatment, 318
Dairy business, injury by foot-and-mouth disease, 384
Dandruff, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329
Deformities, hoof, causes and treatment, 338
Dehorning, description, 292
Delaware, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Demodectic mange, description and treatment, 517
Denmark, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Dental cysts, description and treatment, 318
Dermis, description, 320
Dermoid cysts, description and treatment, 318, 330
Diabetes-- insipidus, cause and treatment, 118 mellitus, description, 123
Diarrhea-- and dysentery, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34 calf, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32 causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment, 254-261 See also Gastrointestinal catarrh.
Dickson, William, and William H. Lowe, chapter on "Surgical operations", 289-302
Digestive organs, diseases affecting, chapter by A. J. Murray, 14-50
Dilatation and hypertrophy of heart, description, 82
Diphtheria, calf, description, cause, treatment, etc, 464-469
Dipping-- bath, cattle, temperature, 490 remedy for screw worms, 506
Dips-- arsenical, protection of hands in use, 493 cattle, for ticks, 494-498 mange and scab, 513, 514
Disinfection, house, methods, 363
Dislocation, eyeball, treatment, 353
Dislocations, bones, description and treatment, 282
Diuresis, causes and treatment, 118
Dogs, ear tick, 518
Drainage, usefulness in prevention of fluke diseases, 527
Drenching tube, use in eradicating worms, 522
Dropping, following calving, description and treatment, 233
Dropsy-- abdomen, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 47 abdomen of calf, description and treatment, 180 chest, description and treatment, 99 general, of calf, cause and treatment, 180 hind limbs and between thighs, during pregnancy, cause, 162 membranes of fetus, description and treatment 162 navel, description and treatment, 253 womb, description and treatment, 162
Dysentery-- and diarrhea, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 34 chronic bacterial, description, treatment, etc, 498 red, note, 531 See also Gastrointestinal catarrh.
Dyspepsia, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 29
Ear tick, spinose, presence in cattle, horses, dogs, etc, 518
Ears-- abscess affecting, treatment, 355 cartilage, necrosis affecting, 357 diseases affecting, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 355-357 enchondroma, description and treatment, 357 foreign bodies lodging in, symptoms and treatment, 356 frostbite, symptoms and treatment, 357 fungoid growths, cause and treatment, 356 internal inflammation, symptoms and treatment, 355 lacerations, cause and treatment, 357 scurvy, cause and treatment, 356 ticks affecting, treatment, 518
Echinococcus granulosus, hydatid, description, 528
Ectropion of the eyelid, description and treatment, 350
Eczema-- description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 325 epizootic, reference, 383
Edema-- causes, symptoms, and treatment, 330 malignant, description, symptoms, and treatment, 472-474
Elephantiasis, description, 330
Emaciation, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease, 383
Emphysema, description and treatment, 98, 334
Enchondroma, ear, description and treatment, 357
Encysted stomach worm, description and treatment, 523
Endocarditis, description and treatment, 81
Enemata, uses and methods, 9
Enteritis-- causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35 croupous, description, symptoms, and treatment, 35 simple. See Gastroenteritis.
Entropion, eyelid, description and treatment, 350
Epidermis, description, 320
Epilepsy, description, cause, and treatment, 107
Epistaxis, cause and treatment, 93
Epizootic aphtha, reference, 383
Ergotism-- and mycotic stomatitis, differentiation, 536 description and treatment, 69
Eruption, vesicular, of genital organs, description, symptoms, and treatment, 401
Erythema, description, causes, and treatment, 323
Eversion-- bladder, description and treatment, 218 eyelid, description and treatment, 350 womb, cause and treatment, 215
Extra-uterine gestation, description and treatment, 163
Extravasation cysts, description, 317
Eye-- and its appendages, diseases affecting, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 340-354 aqueous humor, description, 341 capsule, description, 342 caruncula, lacrimalis affecting, 344 choroid coat, description, 342 cornea-- description, 341 ulcers affecting, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347 description, 340 foreign bodies penetrating, treatment, 351 lens, description, 342 muscles, description, 343 parasites affecting, treatment, 349, 531 puncta lacrimalia, description, 344 retina, description, 342 roundworms affecting, treatment, 524 sclerotic membrane, description, 341 vitreous humor, description, 342
Eyeball-- description, 340 dislocation, cause and treatment, 353 hairy tumor affecting, description and treatment, 349
Eyelashes, inversion, treatment, 350
Eyelids-- description, 343 ectropion affecting, description and treatment, 350 entropion, description and treatment, 350 eversion, description and treatment, 350 inversion, description and treatment, 350 laceration, cause and treatment, 351 tumors affecting, description and treatment, 350
Face bones, fracture, description and treatment, 277
Farcy, cattle, description and treatment, 501
Fasciola hepatica, description, 526
Fasciola magna, description, 526
Fatty degeneration, heart, description, 82
Feed, character, analyses, effect on milk, 256-258
Feeding-- character, effect on digestive organs, 12 value as remedy for stomach worms, 521-523
"Feeding-lot" method of freeing cattle and pastures from ticks, 494-497
Fetlock-- fracture below, treatment, 282 sprain, causes and treatment, 269
Fetus-- developing outside womb, description and treatment, 163 membranes, dropsy affecting, description and treatment, 162 prolonged retention, description and treatment, 164
Fever-- milk, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226-237 parturition, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226 southern, splenetic, or Texas. See Texas fever.
Fibroma-- interdigital, description and treatment, 338 tumor, description and treatment, 311
Fibrous periostitis, description and treatment, 266
Filaria cervina, worm found in the eye, 349
Filaria lablato-papillosa, parasitic roundworm of cattle, 524
Filaria oculi, description and treatment, 349
Fissure of the wall of hoof, description and treatment, 338
Fistula, milk, description and treatment, 245
Flies-- injurious to cattle, 502-506 larval, note, 502
Flooding from womb, description and treatment, 214
Fluke disease, control by use of lime, 526
Flukes, prevention by drainage, 526
Fly-- Spanish, poison, description and treatment, 70 stable, breeding places, 503
Fly preventives, injury to cattle by poisoning, 503
Flytrap, use against stable flies, 503
Fluke, disease of cattle, 526
Flukes, liver and lungs, description, 526
Foods, character, effect on digestive organs, 12
Foot-- diseases affecting, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 335-339 foul, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336 soreness, description and treatment, 335
Foot rot, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336
Foot-and-mouth disease-- benign, simple, or noninfectious, 535 danger to man, 394-395 description, cause, symptoms, etc., 383-395 diagnosis, 391-392 eradication by slaughter, efficacy, 394 incubation period, 384 losses other than by death of animal, 384 mortality, 384, 391 occurrence in various countries of world, 385-386 prevention and eradication, 392-394 similarity to mycotic stomatitis, 536 symptoms, 383, 389-391 symptoms in man, 394 United States, outbreaks, 386-389
Forage, insects on, description of poisonous effect, 70
Formaldehyde gas, liberation by use of permanganate, 365
Foul in foot, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 336
Founder, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 335
Fractures-- below hock and fetlock, description and treatment, 282 compound, comminuted, and complicated, 271 description of different kinds, and treatment, 271-282 face bones, description and treatment, 277 general symptoms and treatment, 272, 273 hip point, causes and treatment, 280 horns, description and treatment, 277 limbs, description and appliances for treatment, 281-2 lower jaw, cause and treatment, 278 metacarpus and metatarsus, description and treatment, 282 pelvis, description and treatment, 178, 279 ribs, cause and treatment, 281 special, descriptions and treatment, 277 spinal column, description and treatment, 279 vertebra, description and treatment, 279
France, foot-and-mouth disease, 385
Froesch, note on destruction of foot-and-mouth infection, 395
Frostbites-- ears, symptoms and treatment, 357 treatment, 334
Fungi, poisonous, description of poisoning, 70
Fungoid growth of the ear, cause and treatment, 356
Fungus hematodes-- cause and treatment, 353 description, 316
Furunculus, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 328
Ganglionic division of the nervous system, 103
Gangrene, danger in castration of cattle, 300
Gangrenous septicemia, symptoms and treatment, 472
Garget, description and treatment, 233
Gas-- cause of swelling in calf, treatment, 181 under the skin, symptoms and treatment, 334
Gastroenteritis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 33
Gastrointestinal catarrh, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 29, 32
Generative organs-- diseases, chapter by James Law, 147-214 discussion, 147
Genital organs, vesicular eruption affecting, description, symptoms, and treatment, 401
Germany, foot-and-mouth disease, 385-386
Gestation, extra-uterine, description and treatment, 163
Gid, parasite of sheep and cattle, 528
Glands, skin, location and use, 321
Gnats, buffalo, description and remedy, 505
Goiter, cause, description, symptoms, and treatment, 310
Gonorrhea, description and treatment, 156
Gravel-- description and cause, 130 effect of different feeds, 132 in prepuce or sheath, treatment, 144
Great Britain, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Grubs, cattle, description, 507
Gullet-- diseases affecting, description, symptoms, and treatment, 17-22 wounds and injuries, cause and treatment, 22
Gut tie, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 41
HÊmatopinus eurysternus and H. vituli, description and treatment, 508
HÊmonchus contortus, description and treatment, 519
Hair balls, cause, 29
Hair, description, 320
Harbaugh, W. H.-- chapter on "Diseases of the heart, blood vessels, and lymphatics", 73-86 chapter on "Diseases of the nervous system", 101-112
Haw, inflammation and enlargement, description and treatment, 354
Health, public, relation of actinomycosis, 447
Heart-- blood vessels and lymphatics, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh, 73-86 description, 73 dilation and hypertrophy, description, 82 examination of, 77 fatty degeneration, description, 82 injury by foreign bodies, description, symptoms, and treatment, 78 misplacement, description, 83 palpitation, description, 78 rupture, description, 82 valves, diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment, 82
Heat prostration, symptoms and treatment, 108
Heaves, description and treatment, 98
Heel, ulcerations, causes and treatment, 337
Hemaglobinuria or hematuria, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
Hematodes, fungus, description, 316
Hemoptysis, description and treatment, 99
Hemorrhage-- danger in castration of cattle, 300 treatment, 83
Hemorrhagic septicemia, causes, symptoms, etc, 397-401
Hepatitis, symptoms and treatment, 45
Hernia-- bowel, description and treatment, 38 danger in castration of cattle, 300 peritoneal, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 41 rennet, description and treatment, 38 rumen, description and cause, 37 stomach, description and treatment, 38 umbilical, description, causes, and treatment, 41, 252 uterus, cause and treatment, 162 ventral, description and causes, 37
Hides, injury by cattle ticks, 484
Hip point, fracture, causes and treatment, 280
Hip sprain, cause and treatment, 270
Hock-- fracture below, description and treatment, 282 fracture, treatment, 281
Hollow horn, imaginary disease, 27
Hoof-- deformities, causes and treatment, 338 loss, causes and treatment, 336 split, description and treatment, 338 wall, fissure affecting, description and treatment, 338 wounds and pricks, treatment, 338
Horns, fracture, description and treatment, 277
Horses-- dose of vaccine against anthrax, 457 ear tick, note, 518
Hoven, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22
Hydatids-- and flukes affecting the lungs of animals, 526 description and treatment, 526
Hydrocephalus, description and treatment, 179
Hydrophobia. See Rabies.
Hydrothorax, description and treatment, 99
Hygiene, pregnant cow, 160
Hygromata, description and treatment, 317
Hyperplasia, reference, 303
Hypertrophy-- description, 128 heart, with dilation, description, 82
Hypoderma bovis, new warble fly, 507
Hypoderma lineata, warble fly, description, 507
Illinois, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Immunization, northern cattle against Texas fever, manner, 500
Impetigo, description, causes, and treatment, 327
Incised wounds, description and treatment, 295
Incontinence, urine, cause and treatment, 130
Incubation period of infectious diseases, 362
Indiana, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Indigestion-- calves, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32, 253 causes, symptoms, and treatment, 26, 29, 31
Induration-- tongue. See Actinomycosis. womb mouth, description and treatment, 176
Infectious aphtha. See Foot-and-mouth disease.
Infectious catarrhal conjunctivitis, symptoms, treatment, and prevention, 345
Infectious catarrhal fever, description, symptoms, and treatment, 469-472
Infectious diseases-- cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler, 358-511 classification of symptoms and lesions, 359 general discussion, 358 incubation periods, 362 treatment, discussion, 362
Infectious ophthalmia, or infectious catarrhal conjunctivitis, 345
Inflammation-- brain and its membranes, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 103 contagious, of the udder, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 ear, symptoms and treatment, 355 haw, description and treatment, 354 kidneys, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 123 liver, symptoms and treatment, 45 mucous membrane of mouth, symptoms and treatment, 17 navel veins, description, symptoms, and treatment, 249 parotid gland, symptoms and treatment, 18 pyemic and septicemic, of joints of calves, symptoms and treatment, 251 sheath and penis from bruising, prevention and treatment, 155 sheath, causes and treatment, 153 spleen, description, 45 testicles, description and treatment, 152 traumatic, of the stomach, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 34 udder, description, symptoms, and treatment, 234 urachus, causes and treatment, 248 urethra, description and treatment, 156 vagina, causes and treatment, 223 veins, description and treatment, 86 womb, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224
Inflammatory diseases, skin, description, symptoms, and treatment, 320-334
Inhalation of medicines, manner, 10
Inoculation, use against hemorrhagic septicemia, 401
Intercostal muscles, rheumatism affecting, description and treatment, 100
Interdigital fibroma, description and treatment, 338
Intestinal parasites, description and treatment, 523
Intestines, roundworms affecting, kind and treatment, 532
Intussusception, causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35
Invagination, cause of obstruction of bowels, symptoms, and treatment, 35
Inversion-- eyelashes, treatment, 350 eyelid, description and treatment, 350
Iodin, tincture, use in punctured wounds, 297
Iowa, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Iris, description, 341
Italy, foot-and-mouth disease, 385
Itch, scab, mites, and mange, description and treatment, 513
Itching, cause and treatment, 322
Japan, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Jaundice, description, symptoms and treatment, 44
Jaw-- big, lump, or lumpy, See Actinomycosis. lower, fracture, cause and treatment, 278 poverty, caused by twisted wireworms, 520
Jawbones, actinomycosis affecting, description and treatment, 440-449
Jensen, formula for protection of cattle from flies, 503
Joint-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment, 251
Kansas, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Kelis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 331
Kentucky, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Keratitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 345
Kidney-- ox, description, 117 parasites affecting, discussion, 127 stone in, description and treatment, 139
Kidneys-- inflammation, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 123 tumors affecting, description, 128
Knee-- fracture below, description and treatment, 282 fracture, description and treatment, 281 tumors, description and treatment, 317
Knotting and twisting of bowels, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 35
Labor pains before relaxation of passages, 175
Lacerated wounds, description and treatment, 298
Laceration, eyelid, cause and treatment, 351
Lacerations-- and ruptures of the vagina, description and treatment, 219 ear, cause and treatment, 357
Lacrimal gland of the eye, description, 343
Lameness, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease, 383
Laminitis, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 335
Laryngitis, cause and treatment, 93
Laurel poisoning, description and treatment, 65
Law, James-- chapter on "Diseases following parturition", 214-246 chapter on "Diseases of the generative organs", 147-214 chapter on "Diseases of the urinary organs", 113-146 chapter on "Diseases of young calves", 247-263 observation of foot-and-mouth disease in man, 395
Lead poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment, 55
Leeches in cattle, description and treatment, 519
Lens of the eye, description, 342
Leucorrhea, symptoms and treatment, 224
Lice-- blue (HÊmatopinus eurysternus and H. vituli), description and treatment, 512 red, description and treatment, 513
Lightning stroke, symptoms and treatment, 111
Limbs, fracture of bones, description, 281
Lime, use in fluke control, 534
Lipoma tumor, description and treatment, 314
Lips, contusions, wounds, and snake bites, symptoms and treatment, 14
Livestock, immunization against anthrax, 457-458
Liver-- congestion, description, symptoms, and treatment, 44 diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 44-45 flukes, description and treatment, 526 inflammation affecting, symptoms and treatment, 45
Lockjaw-- danger in castration of cattle, 300 reference, 300
Loco weed poisoning, description and treatment, 67
Loeffler, note on description of foot-and-mouth infection, 395
Louse, red (Trichodectes scalaris), description and treatment, 513
Lowe, William H.-- and William Dickson, chapter on "Surgical operations", 289-302 chapter on "Noncontagious diseases of organs of respiration", 87-100
Lump, or lumpy jaw. See Actinomycosis.
Lung-- abscess, description, 99 tissue, parasites affecting, 526
Lungs-- actinomycosis affecting, 443 bleeding from, description and treatment, 99 bronchial tubes, parasites affecting, description and treatment, 530 parasites affecting, note, 526 worms of cattle, description and treatment, 530
Luxations of bones, description and treatment, 282
Lymphatics-- description, 75 heart, and blood vessels, diseases, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh, 73-86
Malignant-- catarrh, description, symptoms, and treatment, 469-472 edema, description, symptoms, and treatment, 472-474 pustule, description, 458 tumors, description, 306
Mammitis-- contagious, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 simple, description, symptoms, and treatment, 234
Man-- relation to beef measles in cattle, 529 symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease, 394 treatment with anthrax serum, 459
Mange-- common, description and treatment, 513 itch, scab, mites, description and treatment, 513 psoroptic, description and treatment, 513 sarcoptic, cause and treatment, 517
Manure, breeding place for flies, 511
Margaropus annulatus, Texas fever tick, 480
Maryland, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Massachusetts, foot-and-mouth disease, 387, 388
Measles, beef, discussion and management, 529
Measly beef, description and prevention, 529
Medicines, methods of administration, chapter by Leonard Pearson, 7-11
Membrana nictitans of eye, description, 343
Meninges, number and functions, 103
Mercury poisoning, symptoms and treatment, 57
Metacarpus, fracture, description and treatment, 282
Metatarsus, fracture, description, treatment, 282
Metritis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224
Metroperitonitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224
Michigan, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Micrococcus prodigiosus, cause of bloody milk, 242
Microorganisms, transmission, 361
Milk-- absence, cause and treatment, 241 bloody and blue, cause and treatment, 239, 240, 241-242 diminution, symptom of foot-and-mouth disease, 383 duct-- closure and thickening of mucous membrane, cause and treatment, 244 closure by membrane, description and treatment, 245 effect of different feeds, analyses, 256-258 fever, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226-237 fistula, description and treatment, 245 pasteurization as guard against foot-and-mouth infection, 395 source of foot-and-mouth disease infection, 394 stringy, cause and treatment, 242
Mineral-- acid poisoning, description and treatment, 58 poisons, description and kinds, 54
Minnesota, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Misplacement, heart, description, 83
Mites-- description, 511 mange, itch, scab, description and treatment, 513
Mohler, John R.-- chapter on "Infectious diseases of cattle", 358-511 chapter on "Mycotic stomatitis of cattle", 539-544 chapter on "Tumors affecting cattle", 303-320
Monstrosities, calf, descriptions, causes, and treatment, 182-184
Montana, foot-and-mouth disease, 384
Moor-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
Morphia, poisoning, description and treatment, 61
Mouth-- diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment, 14-17 inflammation of the mucous membrane, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 17 sore, characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391-392 ulcers affecting, in young calves. See Necrotic stomatitis.
Mucopurulent discharge from passages, symptoms and treatment, 224
Mucous cysts, description and treatment, 319
Mucous membrane-- of mouth, inflammation, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 17 thickening and closure of milk duct, cause and treatment, 244
Multiceps multiceps (bladderworm), parasite of brain, 527
Murray, A. J., chapter on "Diseases of digestive organs", 12-50
Muscles-- calf, rigid contraction, cause, and treatment, 181 eye, description, 343 intercostal, rheumatism affecting, description and treatment, 100
Mycotic stomatitis-- cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler, 539-542 character, cause, symptoms, lesions, etc., 540 characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391-392 differential diagnosis and treatment, 542 prevalence, 539 synonyms, 539
Myocarditis, description, symptoms, and treatment, 81
Myoma tumor, description and treatment, 309
Myxoma tumor, description and treatment, 314
Nagana, description, symptoms, and treatment, 510
Nasal catarrh, description, symptoms, and treatment, 92
Navel-- abscess affecting, causes and treatment, 99 bleeding, cause, and treatment, 248 breach, symptoms, and treatment, 252 dropsy, description and treatment, 253 string, constricting member of fetus, description, 179 urine discharged through, description and treatment, 248 urine duct, inflammation, cause, and treatment, 248 veins, inflammation, description, causes, and treatment, 249
Necrosis-- and diseases of cartilage of the ear, cause and treatment, 357 bony orbit, cause and treatment, 352
Necrotic stomatitis-- characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391 description, symptoms, and treatment, 464-469 differentiation from foot-and-mouth disease, 391
Neoformation and neoplasm. See Tumors.
Nephritis, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 123
Nerves, description, 101-103
Nervous system, diseases, chapter by W. H. Harbaugh, 101-112
Nervousness, cause of retarding calving, 179
Netherlands, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Nettle rash, description, causes, and treatment, 324
Neurofibroma tumor, description and treatment, 310
New Hampshire, foot-and-mouth disease, 387-388
New Jersey, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
New York, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Nicotin dip, directions for making, 516
Nodular disease of intestines due to hookworms, note, 525
Noncontagious-- abortion-- causes, 165 treatment, 167 diseases of organs of respiration, chapter by William H. Lowe, 87-100 foot-and-mouth disease, reference, 532
Norway, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Nose bleeding, cause and treatment, 93
Nymphomania in female, cause and treatment, 148
Obstruction-- arteries, description and treatment, 85 bowels, resulting from invagination, causes, symptoms, etc, 35 parturition by full bladder or rectum, 178 parturition by masses of fat, cause, 178
[OE]sophagostomum radiatum, parasite causing nodular disease, treatment, 525
Ohio, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Oidirum albicans, parasite causing aphtha, or thrush, 263
Operations-- asepsis, importance of, 289 surgical-- chapter by William Dickson, William H. Lowe, 289-302 manner of securing the animals, 289 uses of anesthesia, 289
Ophthalmia-- simple, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 344 specific, symptoms, treatment, and prevention, 345
Opium poisoning, description and treatment, 61
Orbit-- bony, necrosis affecting, cause and treatment, 352 fracture, cause and treatment, 352 tumors, cause and treatment, 353
Orbital-- and periorbital abscess, symptoms and treatment, 352 cavity of the eye, description, 342
Orchitis, description and treatment, 152
Ornithodoros megnini, ear tick of cattle, 518
Osteitis, description and treatment, 265
Osteoma, description and treatment, 314
Osteomalacia, description, symptoms, and treatment, 267
Osteomyelitis, description and treatment, 266
Ostertagia ostertagi, encysted stomach worm of cattle, 523
Otitis, symptoms and treatment, 355
Otobius magnini, ear tick, 518
Ovariotomy, description of the operation, 301
Ovum, inclosed, description and treatment, 181
Ox warbles and grubs, treatment, 507
Pains, labor, before relaxation of passages, 175
Palpitation of heart, description, 76
Palsy-- following calving, description and treatment, 233 of neck of bladder, cause and treatment, 130
Papillary growths and warts on the penis, treatment, 156
Papilloma, description and treatment, 312
Paralysis-- bladder, causes and treatment, 130 description, 109 hind parts during pregnancy, cause and treatment, 163 rear parts of body, cause, 109
Paramphistonum cervi, parasite affecting cattle, 519
Paraplegia, symptoms and treatment, 110
Parasites-- animal, of cattle, chapter by B. H. Ransom, 502-531 blood, kinds, 530 bronchial tubes, description and treatment, 530 ear, kinds and treatment, 518 eye, kinds and treatment, 531 intestinal tract, kinds and treatment, 523 kidney, discussion, 125 lung, kinds, 530 stomach, kinds and treatment, 519
Parasitic-- cysts, description, 317 diseases of the skin, description and treatment, 332
Parotid gland, inflammation, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 18
Parotitis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 18
Parturient-- apoplexy, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226 collapse, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226 fever, description, symptoms, and treatment, 226
Parturition-- difficult, suggestions for assisting, 74 diseases following, chapter by James Law, 214-245 obstacles, causes, 174
Pasteurization, value in check of foot-and-mouth infection, 395
Pastures, how to free from ticks, 490
Paunch, distention with food, description and treatment, 26
Pearson, Leonard, chapter on "Administration of medicines", 7-11
Pelvis-- fracture, description and treatment, 279 narrow, fracture, cause of difficult parturition, 178
Pemphigus, symptoms and treatment, 328
Penis-- inflammation from bruising, prevention and treatment, 155 ulcers affecting, cause and treatment, 157 warts and papillary growths, treatment, 156 wounds, cause and treatment, 156
Pennsylvania, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Percussion method of examination, 92
Pericarditis, symptoms and treatment, 79
Periorbital and orbital abscess, symptoms and treatment, 352
Periostitis, aseptic, purulent, and fibrous, description and treatment, 265
Peritoneal hernia, description, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 41
Peritoneum, diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 45-47
Peritonitis-- causes, symptoms, and treatment, 45, 46 danger in castration of cattle, 300
Permanganate, use in production of formaldehyde gas, 365
Persistent urachus, description and treatment, 248
Pharyngeal polypi, description and treatment, 19
Pharyngitis, symptoms, causes, and treatment, 17
Pharynx-- diseases, description, symptoms, and treatment, 19-22 tumors affecting, description and treatment, 19
Philippine Islands, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Phlebitis-- description and treatment, 86 umbilical, description, symptoms, and treatment, 249
Phosphorus poisoning, symptoms and treatment, 57
Pica, description, causes, and treatment, 28
Pink eye. See Ophthalmia.
Piroplasma bigeminum, protozoan causing Texas fever, 530
Pityriasis, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329
Plants, poisonous, description of poisoning, 63-69
Pleurisy, description, symptoms, and treatment, 95
Pleurodynia, description and treatment, 100
Pleuropneumonia-- cause, incubation, and symptoms, 369 definition and history, 366 post-mortem appearance, 373 prevention and treatment, 377
Pneumonia, description, symptoms, and treatment, 96
Pneumothorax, description and treatment, 99
Poison, definition, 51
Poisoning-- acid, description and treatment, 58 aconite, description and treatment, 63 alkali, description and treatment, 59 animal products, description and treatment, 69 arsenic, description, symptoms, and treatment, 54 carbolic acid, description and treatment, 60 chapter by V. T. Atkinson, 51-72 coal oil, description and treatment, 59 copper, description and treatment, 56 fungi, description, 70 laurel, description and treatment, 65 lead, description, symptoms, and treatment, 55 loco weed, description and treatment, 67 mercury, description, symptoms, and treatment, 57 phosphorus, symptoms and treatment, 57 plant, description, 63 salt and saltpeter, description, symptoms, and treatment, 60-61 sources, 51 strychnin, description and treatment, 62 symptoms and treatment, 53
Poisonous-- fungi, description, 68 plants, description, 63-69
Poisons-- chapter by V. T. Atkinson, 51-72 description of action, 52 mineral, descriptions, 54-58 vegetables, uses as medicine, 61-71
Polydesmus excitans, effect on cattle, 13
Polypi-- description and treatment, 313 pharyngeal, description and treatment, 19 vagina or uterus, description and treatment, 157
Polyuria, causes and treatment, 118
Pork measles, note, 536
Potash, permanganate, use in production of formaldehyde gas, 365
Poverty jaw and scours, caused by twisted wireworm, treatment, 527
Pregnancy-- cramps of hind limbs during, cause, 162 duration, 160 signs, 157
Pregnant cow, hygiene, 160
Prepuce, calculi affecting, treatment, 144
Presentation of fetus, natural, 173
Pricks, hoof, treatment, 338
Probang, use in prevention of choking, 21
Prolapsus vaginÊ, description and treatment, 162
Proliferation cysts, description and treatment, 319
Prostration, heat, symptoms and treatment, 108
Protozoa-- as intestinal parasites, note, 526 definition, 359
Protrusion, vagina, description and treatment, 162
Pruritis, causes and treatment, 322
Pseudoplasm. See Tumors.
Psoroptic mange, description and treatment, 513
Pucinia arundinacea, P. coronata, P. graminis, P. straminis, effect on cattle, 13
Pulmonary congestion, treatment, 98
Pulse-- description, 74 examination, 90
Puncta lacrimalia of the eye, description, 344
Purulent periostitis, description and treatment, 266
Pustule-- description, causes, and treatment, 327 malignant, in man, description, 458
Pterygium, description and treatment, 349
Pyemia, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 395
Pyemic inflammation of joints in calves, description, symptoms, and treatment, 251
Quarter-ill. See Blackleg.
Rabies, cattle, description, symptoms, etc., 402-406
Rachitis. See Rickets.
Ransom, B. H., chapter on "Animal parasites of cattle", 502-531
Rauschbrand. See Blackleg.
Rectal injections, uses and methods, 9
Rectum-- full, obstruction to parturition, 178 method of administering medicines, 9
Red dysentery, note, 526
Red water, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
Regulations, sanitary, for controlling Texas fever, 495
Renal calculi, description and treatment, 139
Rennet, hernia affecting, description and treatment, 38
Respiration-- examination, 89 organs, methods of diagnosis, 37 organs, noncontagious diseases affecting, chapter by William H. Lowe, 87-100
Retina, eye, description, 342
Rheumatism-- articular and muscular, symptoms, prevention, and treatment, 287, 288 intercostal muscles, description and treatment, 101
Rhode Island, foot-and-mouth disease, 387, 388
Ribs, fracture, cause and treatment, 281
Rickets-- description and treatment, 267 in young calves, description and treatment, 263
Rinderpest, description, cause, symptoms, etc., 379-383
Ringing, bull, method, 291
Ringworm, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332
Roundworms-- description, 524 eye, treatment, 531 intestine, kinds and treatment, 523 stomach, description, 519
Rumen-- distention with food, description and treatment, 22 hernia, description and cause, 37
Rumenotomy, description, 294
Rupture-- bladder, symptoms, 218 danger in castration of cattle, 300 heart, description, 82 womb, cause and treatment, 219
Ruptures-- and lacerations of the vagina, description and treatment, 219-220 description and cause, 37
Russia, foot-and-mouth disease, 382
Saccharomyces albicans, parasite of aphtha, or thrush, 263
Salivation-- cause, symptoms, and treatment, 15 symptoms of foot-and-mouth disease, 383
Salt, common, poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment, 61
Saltpeter poisoning, description, symptoms, and treatment, 60
Salts, medicated, doubtful value against worms, 523
Sarcoma tumor, description and treatment, 315
Satyriasis in male, cause and treatment, 148
Scab, mange, itch, description of kinds and treatment, 513
Scabby teats, treatment, 243
Scalds, causes and treatment, 333
Schistosoma bovis, cause of bloody urine, 530
Scleroderma, description, 330
Sclerotic membrane of eye, description, 341
Scouring-- acute contagious, in newborn calves, description, prevention, and treatment, 261 causes, symptoms, prevention, and treatment, 253-263
Scours-- and poverty jaw, caused by twisted wireworm, treatment, 519 causes, symptoms, and treatment, 32
Screens, use against flies, remarks, 503
Screwworms-- affecting animals, description and remedy, 506 control by dipping, 506
Scurf, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329
Scurfy ears, cause and treatment, 356
Sebaceous cysts, description and treatment, 330
Sebaceous glands, location, 321
Seborrhea, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 329
Septicemia-- causes, symptoms, and treatment, 395 gangrenous, description, symptoms, and treatment, 472 hemorrhagic, causes, symptoms, etc, 397-401 hemorrhagic, control by vaccination, etc, 401
Septicemic inflammation of joints in calves, description, symptoms, and treatment, 251
Serous cysts, description and treatment, 318
Serum, use against anthrax, 455
Setaria labiato-papillosa, embryo in blood, note, 529
Setoning, description and use, 293
Sheath-- calculi affecting, treatment, 144 inflammation, causes and treatment, 153 penis, inflammation from bruising, prevention and treatment, 155
Sheep, dose of vaccine against anthrax, 455
Shoulder joint, sprain, causes and treatment, 269
Skeleton, number of bones, 264
Skin-- description, 318 diseases, chapter by M. R. Trumbower, 320-334 gas or air under, symptoms and treatment, 334 glands, location and use, 321 inflammatory diseases, causes and treatment, 323 parasites affecting, description and treatment, 502-521 secretions and growths, descriptions, causes, and treatment, 329-331 wounds, kinds, description and treatment, 333-334
Skull, fracture, description and treatment, 278
Slinking, calf, description, 165
Snake bites, description, symptoms, and treatment, 14, 69
Sore mouth-- characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391-392 reference, 532
Sore throat, cause and treatment, 17, 93
Sore tongue, reference, 533
Soreness, foot, description and treatment, 335
Southern cattle fever. See Texas fever.
Spanish-fly poisoning, description and treatment, 72
Spasm of the neck of the bladder, description and treatment, 128
Spavin, description and treatment, 284
Spaying, description of operation, 301
Spinal column, fracture, description and treatment, 279
Spinal cord-- congestion, description, symptom, and treatment, 110 description, 102 injuries, description, 109
Spleen-- diseases, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 44-45 inflammation, description, 45
Splenetic fever. See Texas fever.
Splenitis, description, 45
Split hoof, description and treatment, 338
Sporadic-- aphthae, reference, 532 stomatitis aphthosa, reference, 532
Sprain-- fetlock, causes and treatment, 269 hip, cause and treatment, 270 shoulder joint, causes and treatment, 269
Sprains, description and treatment, 268
Squinting, description, 349
Stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans), affecting cattle, 503
Stabling, value against stomach worms, 521-522
Staggers, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 103, 529
Staphylococcus pyogenes aureus and S. pyogenes citreus, bacteria of abscess, 237
Staphyloma, description, symptoms, and treatment, 348
Sterility, causes, 151
Stings-- venomous. See Snake bites. wasps and bees, description and treatment, 71
Stomach-- diseases affecting, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22-34 fourth, affected with hernia, description and treatment, 38 hair balls in, 29 parasites affecting, treatment, 519, 524, 529 roundworms affecting, 524 traumatic inflammation, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 34 worm-- encysted, description and treatment, 523 sanitary measures for suppression, 521-522 worms, different kinds affecting cattle, 519
Stomatitis-- cause, symptoms, and treatment, 17 characteristic differences from foot-and-mouth disease, 391-393 mycotic. See Mycotic stomatitis. necrotic, description, symptoms, treatment, etc., 464-469
Stomoxys calcitrans affecting cattle, 503
Stone-- bladder, obstruction to parturition, 178 bladder, symptoms and treatment, 142 description and causes, 130 effect of different feeds, 132-134 kidney, description and treatment, 139
Strabismus, description, 349
Straw, breeding place of stable fly, 503
Streptococcus pyogenes, bacteria of abscess, 237
String, navel, constricting member of fetus, description, 179
Stringy milk, cause and treatment, 242
Strongylus micrurus, parasite of verminous bronchitis, 100
Struma, cause, description, symptoms, and treatment, 310
Strychnin poisoning, description and treatment, 62
Sudorific glands, location and use, 321
Sugar in urine, description, 123
Sunstroke, symptoms and treatment, 108
Suppression, milk, cause and treatment, 241
Surfeit, description, causes, and treatment, 324
Surgery, discussion, 289
Surgical operations-- asepsis, importance, 289 chapter by William Dickson and William H. Lowe, 289-302 manner of securing the animals during, 290 uses of anesthesia, 289
Swamp lands, drainage as measure against fluke disease, 527
Sweat glands, location and use, 322
Sweden, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Swelling of calf with gas, cause and treatment, 181
Switzerland, foot-and-mouth disease, 385
Symptomatic anthrax. See Blackleg.
TÊnia saginatÊ, tapeworm cysts, presence in cattle, 529
Tail, wolf in, imaginary disease, 27
Tapeworm cysts, source of injury to cattle, 529
Tapeworms-- adult, of small intestine, species and remedy, 523 cysts in muscles of cattle, 529 cysts of liver, 527
Tarsus, fracture, description and treatment, 281
Teats-- blocked by calculus, treatment, 243 blocked by concretion of casein, cause and treatment, 243 blocked by warty and other growth inside, description and treatment, 244 chapped, cause and treatment, 243 opening in the side, description and treatment, 245 scabby, treatment, 243 warts affecting, treatment, 243
Teeth-- caries, description, 16 irregularities, cause and treatment, 16
Temperature-- how to examine, 90 limits for dipping bath, 490
Test, tuberculin. See Tuberculin test.
Testicles, congestion and inflammation, description and treatment, 152
Tetanus-- danger in castration of cattle, 300 reference, 405
Texas fever-- description, symptoms, prevention, etc, 475-501 immunization of northern cattle, 495 infection carried by the cattle tick (Margaropus annulatus), 480 injurious effect of ticks, 482 loss occasioned by cattle ticks, 483 methods of eradication, 487-500 nature of the disease, 476 period of incubation of ticks, 486 prevention, 487 quarantine regulations, 495 symptoms and pathological changes after death, 478-480 tick eradication, plan of work, 487
Threadworms in abdominal cavity of cattle, 529
Throat, sore, symptoms, causes, and treatment, 17
Thrombosis, description and symptoms, 85
Thrush-- calf, description and treatment, 263 parasite (Saccharomyces albicans), cause, 263
Ticks-- cattle, time required to kill, 488 ear, 518 injury to cattle hides, 484 parasites of cattle, note, 502 See also Cattle tick; Texas fever.
Tilletia caries in wheat, effect on cattle, 13
Tinea favosa, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332
Tinea tonsurans, description, symptoms, and treatment, 332
Tracheotomy, description, 294
Traumatic inflammation of the stomach, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 34
Trichiasis, treatment, 350
Trichodectes scalaris (red louse), description and treatment, 513
Trichophyton tonsurans, fungus causing Tinea tonsurans, 332
Trumbower, M. R.-- chapter on "Diseases of the ear", 353-357 chapter on "Diseases of the eye and its appendages", 340-354 chapter on "Diseases of the foot", 335-339 chapter on "Diseases of the skin", 320-334
Trypanosoma brucei, cause of nagana, or tsetse-fly disease, 500
Tsetse-fly disease, description, symptoms, and treatment, 500
Tuberculin test-- description and history, 417 harmless to healthy animals, 426 summary of directions for making, 427
Tuberculosis-- bovine, and public health, 430 cause and nature of disease, 411 occurrence, 407 statistics of tests in United States, 410 symptoms and diagnosis, 416-417 transmissibility of human and bovine, 432 treatment, 428
Tumor-- bony, description and treatment, 314 chrondroma, description and treatment, 314 fibroma, description and treatment, 311 hairy, on eyeball, description and treatment, 349 lipoma, description and treatment, 314 sarcoma, description and treatment, 315
Tumors-- brain, description, 112 calf, description and treatment, 181 cattle, chapter by John R. Mohler, 303-319 definition and description, 303 description, 303, 305, 307 description of kinds, 309 diagnosis, 308 eyelid, description and treatment, 350 general treatment, 309 kidney, description, 128 malignant and benign, description, 306 orbit, cause and treatment, 353 pharynx, description and treatment, 19
Twisted stomach worms, description and treatment, 519-523
Twisting-- and knotting of the bowels, causes, symptoms, post-mortem appearance, and treatment, 35 of the neck of the womb, description and treatment, 176
Tympanites-- acute, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 22 chronic, causes and treatment, 25
Udder-- congestion, description and treatment, 233 contagious inflammation affecting, description, prevention, and treatment, 237 inflammation, description, symptoms, and treatment, 234
Ulceration, heel, causes and treatment, 337
Ulcerative stomatitis. See Necrotic stomatitis.
Ulcers-- calves. See Necrotic stomatitis. cornea, cause, symptoms, and treatment, 347 penis, cause and treatment, 157
Umbilical hernia-- description, causes, and treatment, 39 symptoms and treatment, 252
Umbilical phlebitis, description, causes, and treatment, 249
Urachus-- inflammation, causes and treatment, 248 persistent, description and treatment, 248
Ureteral calculi, description and treatment, 139
Urethra, inflammation affecting, description and treatment, 156
Urethral calculus, symptoms and treatment, 142
Urinary calculi-- classification, 138 description and causes, 130, 137 effect of different feeds, 133
Urinary disorders, symptoms, 118
Urinary organs-- diseases, chapter by James Law, 113-146 functions, 113
Urine-- albumin in, description and treatment, 121 amount passed daily, 115 analyses under different rations, 114 bloody, caused by blood flukes, 526 bloody, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119 cow, analysis, 114 discharged through navel, description and treatment, 248 excessive secretion, cause and treatment, 118 incontinence, cause and treatment, 130 ox, analysis, 115 retention, effect, cause, and treatment, 128 sugar in, description, 123
Urticaria, description, causes and treatment, 124
Uruguay, foot-and-mouth disease, 386
Uterus-- hernia affecting, cause and treatment, 162 polypus affecting, description and treatment, 157
Vaccination, disadvantages in use against anthrax, 457
Vaccine-- anthrax, care and use, 457 blackleg, free distribution, note, 463 preparation and use against hemorrhagic septicemia, 395
Vagina-- clots of blood on walls, description and treatment, 220 inflammation, causes and treatment, 223 lacerations and rupture, description and treatment, 219 polypus affecting, description and treatment, 157
VaginÊ prolapsus, description and treatment, 162
Vaginal walls, affected with coagulated blood after calving, treatment, 179
Vaginitis, causes and treatment, 223
Valves, heart, diseases affecting, symptoms and treatment, 80
Variola, description, symptoms, and treatment, 438
Vegetable-- acids, poisonous, description and treatment, 58 poisons-- note, 61 uses as medicine, description, symptoms, and treatment, 61-69
Veins-- inflammation, description and treatment, 86 wounds, description and treatment, 83
Venereal desire, diminution or loss, cause, prevention, and treatment, 149
Venereal excess, cause and treatment, 148
Venomous stings. See Snake bites.
Ventral hernia, description and causes, 37
Verminous bronchitis-- description, symptoms, and prevention, 100 parasites causing, 100
Vermont, foot-and-mouth disease, 387
Verruca, description, cause, and treatment, 331
Vertebra, fracture, description, and treatment, 279
Vesical calculus, symptoms and treatment, 142
Vesicular eruption of genital organs, description, symptoms, and treatment, 401
Vesicular exanthema, symptoms and treatment, 401
Veterinarians, views on foot-and-mouth disease in man, 395
Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Vitreous humor of the eye, description, 342
Vomiting, symptoms, cause, and treatment, 27
Wall, hoof, fissure, description and treatment, 338
Warble fly-- damages, estimate, 510 European species, appearance in United States, 510
Warbles-- description and treatment, 507 penetration of skins of cattle, 508 reference, 333
Warts-- description, causes, and treatment, 312, 331 penis, treatment, 156 teats, treatment, 243
Washington, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Wasp stings, description and treatment, 71
Water-- blisters, symptoms and treatment, 328 cold, drinking, a cause of indigestion, symptoms and treatment, 33 head of calf, description and treatment, 179
Weather, relation to occurrence of mycotic stomatitis, 392
Wens, description and treatment, 330
West Virginia, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Wisconsin, foot-and-mouth disease, 388
Withers, casting, cause and treatment, 215
Wolf in the tail, imaginary disease, 27
Womb-- bleeding from, description, symptoms, and treatment, 214 dropsy, description and treatment, 162 eversion, cause and treatment, 215 fetus developing outside, description and treatment, 163 inflammation, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 224 mouth, induration, description and treatment, 176 rupture, cause and treatment, 219 twisting of neck, description and treatment, 176
Wooden tongue. See Actinomycosis.
Wood-ill, description, symptoms, and treatment, 119
Worm-- encysted stomach, description and treatment, 523 eye, description and treatment, 349
Worms-- bladder, description, 528 lung, of cattle, description and treatment, 530 screw, description and remedies, 506 thread, in abdominal cavity of cattle, 529 twisted stomach, description and treatment, 519-520
Wounds-- abdomen, causes, symptoms, and treatment, 43 arteries and veins, description and treatment, 83 contused and lacerated, description and treatment, 298 contusions of the lips and snake bites of mouth, description and treatment, 14 danger of infection from foot-and-mouth disease, 394 drainage, necessity, 298 gullet, description and treatment, 22 healing, treatment and dressing, description, 298 hoof, treatment, 338 incised-- description and treatment, 295 punctured, and lacerated, description and treatment, 295-299 mouth, snake bites and contusions of lips, treatment, 14 penis, cause and treatment, 156 skin, kinds, description, and treatment, 333-334 treatment, summary of care after dressing, 298
Yellows, description, symptoms, and treatment, 44
Zinc poisoning, description and treatment, 57
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