Act I, Scene 4 — , i. 397. Act ii. scene 1., i. 554…

Act I, Scene 4 — , i. 397. Act ii. scene 1., i. 554

Cornwall, May-day how celebrated in, i. 153. Observance of Midsummer-eve there, 334.

Corpse-Candles, superstitious notions concerning, i. 358-360.

Coryate's "Crudities," critical notice of, i. 478.

Cotswold games, account of, i. 252-254. Revived by Dover, 253. Similar sports in other places, 255.

Cottages of farmers or yeomen, in the time of Elizabeth, described, i. 99, 100. Their furniture and household accommodations, 102, 103.

Cottesford (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 679.

Cotton (Sir Robert), an eminent book collector, i. 438.

Cotton (Roger), a minor poet, of the age of Shakspeare, i. 680.

Country inns, picture of, i. 216-218.

Country life, manners and customs during the age of Shakspeare, i. 68-122. Description of its holidays and festivals, amusements, 123-313. Superstitions, 314-400. Literature but little cultivated, 430, 431.

Country squires, rank of, in Shakspeare's age, i. 68. Description of their mansion houses, 72, 73. And halls, 74, 77-79. Distinctions observed at their tables, 74, 75. Their diet, 75, 76. But little skilled in literature, 430, 431. Portrait of a country squire in the reign of Queen Anne, 88. note [86:B].

Courtiers of Elizabeth, sometimes wrote lyrics, for music, i. 731. Instances of her rough treatment of them, ii. 150, 151.

Courting chair of Shakspeare, notice of, i. 61.

Courtship, how anciently conducted, i. 220.

Cox (Captain), an eminent book collector, i. 434. List of romances in his library, 518, 519. Remarks on it by Mr. Dibdin, 520.

Crab-tree, Shakspeare's, still remaining at Bidford, i. 49. Roasted crabs and ale a favourite mess, 105, 106.

Credulity of the age of Shakspeare, instances of, i. 314-400. ii. 154.

Criticism, state of, in the age of Elizabeth and James I., i. 456. Severity of controversial criticism, 457. Lampooning critics, 459. Notice of the critical labours of Gascoigne, 461. Of James I. ibid. 462, 463. Of Webbe, 463, 464. Of Spenser, 464. Of Fraunce, 464. Of Hake, ibid. 465. Of Puttenham, 465, 466. Of Sir John Harrington, 466. Of Sir Philip Sidney, 467. Of Meres, 468. Of Campion, ibid. and of Bolton, 470.

Crocodiles, legendary tales concerning, noticed, i. 389.

Cromek (Mr.), accounts by, of the fairy superstitions in Scotland, ii. 325, 326.

Cross-bow, chiefly used for killing game, ii. 182.

Culrose (Elizabeth), a minor poetess of the age of Shakspeare, i. 680.

Curiosity of the age of Shakspeare, illustrations of, ii. 155.

Cutwode (T.), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 680.

Cymbeline, probable date of, ii. 466. Beauty of its fable, ibid. Remarks on the character of Imogen, 467. And of Cloten, 468.

Passages of this drama, illustrated in the present work.

Act ii. scene 2., ii. 115. 117. scene 4., ii. 113. Act iii. scene 2., i. 297. scene 4., ii. 91. Act iv. scene 1., i. 243. scene 2., i. 214. 395. Act v. scene 3., i. 308. scene 5., i. 397.

Czartoryska (Princess), the purchaser of Shakspeare's chair, i. 22, 23.

D

"Damon and Pythias," illustration of, i. 106.

Dancing, a favourite amusement in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 174. Notice of different kinds of dances, The Brawl, 175. The Pavin, ibid. 176. Canary Dance, 177. Corantoes, ibid. 178.

Dancing Horse, in the time of Shakspeare, notice of, ii. 186.

Danes, massacre of, i. 149, 150.

Danger, supposed omens of, i. 351-354.

Daniel (Samuel), critical notice of his "Defence of Ryme," i. 169, 470. And of his poems, 611. Causes of the unpopularity of his poem on the "Civil Wars between the Houses of York and Lancaster," ibid. General observations on his style and versification, 612. Notice of his sonnets, ii. 55. Was the prototype of Shakspeare's amatory verse, 57, 58.

Daniel's History of England, character of, i. 176, 477.

Darwin's (Dr.), poetical description of the night-mare, i. 348. note.

Davenant (Sir William), anecdote of his attachment to Shakspeare, ii. 589.

Davidstone (John), a minor poet of the age of Elizabeth, i. 680.

Davies (Sir John), notice of, i. 613. Critical merits of his poem, entitled "Nosce Teipsum," ibid.

Davies (John), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, list of the pieces of, i. 680. and note [680:B].

Davison (Francis and Walter), minor poets in the time of Shakspeare, i. 680, 681. Critical notice of their "Poetical Rapsodie," i. 728-730.

Davors (John), critical remarks on the poems of, i. 614.

Days (particular), superstitious notions concerning, i. 323. St. Valentine's-Day, 324. Midsummer-Eve, 329. Michaelmas-Day, 334. All-Hallow-Eve, 341.

Dead, bodies, frequently rifled of their hair, ii. 92, 93.

Death, account of supposed omens of, i. 351-362. Delineation of, ii. 455, 456.

Decker (Thomas), character of as a miscellaneous writer, i. 486. Notice of his "Gul's Horn Booke," 487. Of his "Belman in London," ibid. Of his "Lanthern and Candlelight," ibid. His quarrel with Ben Jonson, ibid. Probable time of his death, 488. Estimate of his merits, as a dramatic poet, ii. 566, 567. Extract from his "Gul's Horn Book," on the fashions of that age, ii. 102.

Passages of his Plays, which are illustrated or explained.

The Honest Whore, i. 75. More Dissemblers besides Women, ii. 147. Seven Deadly Sinnes of London, i. 251. Villanies Discovered by Lantorne and Candle-light, i. 273. 396.

Dedications of plays, customary reward for, ii. 225.

Dee (Dr. John), an eminent book-collector, i. 434. And magician, ii. 510. Account of his singular character, 510-513. Catalogue of his library, 511, 512. notes.

Deer-stealing, Shakspeare punished for, i. 404, 407, 408.

De la Casa (John), the "Galatea" of, translated into English, i. 453.

Delone (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 681. Notice of his "Ballads," ibid. note [681:A].

Demoniacal voices and shrieks, superstitious notions concerning, i. 355. The presence of demons supposed to be indicated by lights burning blue, 358.

Dennys, or Davors, (John), "Treatyse on Fishing," notice of, i. 291. Beautiful quotation from, 292, 293. His book translated into prose by Markham, 293, 294.

Derricke (John), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 681.

Descriptions, exquisite, in Shakspeare's "Venus and Adonis," ii. 21-26, 27.

Desdemona, beautiful ditty quoted by, i. 592. Remarks on her character, ii. 531.

Desserts, where taken, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 144.

Devil, supposed compact with, of witches, account of, ii. 483-485.

Dibdin's (Rev. T. F.), "Bibliomania," notice of, i. 432. His character of "Stubbes's Anatomie of Abuses," 502. Account of Dr. Dee's library, ii. 511, 512. notes.

Dicer's Oaths, falsehood of, illustrated, ii. 171, 172.

Dictionaries, list of, in use in Shakspeare's time, i. 25. note. Cooper's Latin and English Dictionary used by him, 26.

Diet of country squires in the age of Shakspeare, i. 75, 76. Of country gentlemen, 79, 80. Of farmers or yeomen, on ordinary occasions, 103-108. On festivals, 109. Of the sovereigns and higher classes during the age of Shakspeare, ii. 120-129.

Digby (Sir Kenelm), marvellous properties ascribed to his sympathetic powder, i. 375, 376.

Dinner, hour of, in the time of Shakspeare, ii. 125. Account of the dinners of the higher classes, 126-129. Hands, why always washed before dinner, 145.

Dionysius's angelic hierarchy, account of, i. 335.

Distaff's (Saint) Day, festival of, i. 135. Verses on, ibid. 136.

Diversions, in the age of Shakspeare, enumeration of, i. 246, 247. Account of the itinerant stage, 247-252. Cotswold games, 252-254. Hawking, 255. Hunting, 272. Fowling, 287. Bird-batting, 289. Fishing, 289. Horse-racing, 297. The Quintaine, 300. Wild-goose chace, 304. Hurling, 305. Shovel-board, 306. Shove-groat, 307, 308. Juvenile sports, 308. Barley breake, 309. Whipping a top, 312. Diversions of the metropolis and court, ii. 168. Card-playing, 169. Tables and dice, 171. Dancing, 172. Bull-baiting and bear-baiting, 176. Archery, 178. Frequenting of Paul's Walk, 182. Sagacious horses, 186. Masques and Pageants, 187. Royal Progresses, 193. The stage, 201-226.

Dives, or evil genii of the Persians, ii. 303.

Dogberry, origin of the character of, ii. 589.

Donne (Dr.), critical notice of the poems of, i. 615.

Doublets, fashion of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 104, 105.

Douce (Mr.), beautiful version of a Christmas carol by, i. 200. On the source of Shakspeare's Merchant of Venice, ii. 385, 386. His vindication of Shakspeare's love of music, against Mr. Steevens's flippant censures, 390. Conjectures on the probable date of Shakspeare's Tempest, 504. His "Illustrations of Shakspeare" cited, passim.

Dowricke (Anne), a minor poetess of the age of Shakspeare, i. 681.

Dragon, introduction of, into the May-games, i. 166.

Drake (Sir Francis), costly new year's gift of, to Queen Elizabeth, ii. 99. note. Tobacco first introduced into England by him, 135.

Drake (Lady), beautiful sonnet to, i. 621.

Drama, patronized by Elizabeth and her ministers, ii. 202. 205. By private individuals, whose names they bore, 205. And by James I., 206.

Dramatic Poets, remuneration of, in the time of Shakspeare, ii. 224, 225.

Dramatic Poetry, sketch of, from the birth of Shakspeare to the period of his commencing a writer for the stage, i. 227. Mysteries, moralities, and interludes, the first performances, ibid. Ferrex and Porrex, the first regular tragedy, ibid. Gammar Gurton's Needle, the first regular comedy, ibid. Dramatic Histories, 228. Composite drama of Tarleton, 229. Account of eminent dramatic poets during this period, 230-251. Conjectures as to the extent of Shakspeare's obligation to his predecessors, 253-255. Brief view of dramatic poetry, and its principal cultivators, during Shakspeare's connection with the stage, ii. 556. Account of the dramatic works of Fletcher, 557. Massinger, 561. Ford, 563. Webster, 564. Middleton, 565. Decker, 566. Marston, 567. Heywood, 568. Chapman, 569. Rowley, 570. Other minor dramatic poets, 570, 571. Ben Jonson, 572-580.

Drant (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 681.

Drayton (Michael), notice of, i. 615. Critical remarks on his historical poetry, 615, 616. On his topographical, epistolary, and pastoral poems, 616, 617. And on his miscellaneous poetry, 617. Poetical description by him of the dress, &c. of young women, i. 83, 84. Of Robin Hood, 159. Of Tom the Piper, 164. Sheep-shearing, 182. Of the carbuncle, 397. Encomium on Lilly's Euphues, 442. Commendatory verses by, on Shakspeare's Rape of Lucrece, ii. 39. His tragedies, totally lost, 571. Character of his Sonnets, ii. 56.

Dreams, considered as prognostics of good or evil, i. 354, 355.

Dress of country gentlemen, in Shakspeare's time, i. 82, 83. Of farmers or yeomen, 110. Wedding dress of a rustic, 229. Proper for anglers, 293. note. Of the inhabitants of London, during the age of Shakspeare, ii. 87-89. Of Queen Elizabeth, 89, 91. Of the ladies of that time, 91, 92. 100. Of the gentlemen, 87, 88, 89. 101-109. Of the citizen, 110, 111. Of servants, 138.

Drinking of healths, origin of, i. 127, 128.

Drummond (William), biographical notice of, i. 617. His merits as a poet, considered, 618.

Drunkenness, propensity of the English to, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 128, 129.

Dryden's testimony to the priority of Shakspeare's Pericles, considered, ii. 280, 281.

Duelling, prevalence of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 158.

Dunlop (Mr.), opinion of on the source of Shakspeare's Romeo and Juliet, ii. 360-362. And of Measure for Measure, 453.

Durham, Easter gambols at, i. 148. note.

Dyer's "Fleece," illustration of, i. 183.

Dying, form of prayers for, i. 233. Superstitious notions concerning the last moments of persons dying, i. 390, 391.

E

Earle (Bishop), character of his "Microcosmography," i. 511. His portrait of an upstart country squire or knight, i. 84. Of a country fellow, or clown, 120-122.

Earthquake of 1580, alluded to by Shakspeare, i. 52. Account of, ibid. 53.

Easter-tide, festival of, i. 146. Early rising on Easter Sunday, ibid. Amusements, ibid. Handball, 147, 148. Presenting of eggs, 148.

Edgar, remarks on the assumed madness of, i. 588. Contrast between his insanity and the madness of Lear, ii. 462. 464.

Education, state of, during Shakspeare's youth, i. 25-28.

Edwardes (C.), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 681.

Edward (Richard), specimen of the poetical talents of, i. 713, 714. Character of his dramatic compositions, ii. 231, 232.

Eggs, custom of giving, at Easter, i. 148.

Elderton (William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 681.

Elizabeth (Queen), school books commanded by, to be used, i. 26. Visit of, to the Earl of Leicester, at Kenelworth Castle, 37, 38, 39. ii. 191-199. Account of presents made to her on New-Year's Day, i. 125, 126. Magnificent reception of her, at Norwich, 192. note. Her wisdom in establishing the Flemings in this country, 192. note. A keen huntress, 285, 286. Touched persons for the evil, 371. Cultivated bibliography, 428. The ladies of her court skilled in Greek equally with herself, 429. Classical literature encouraged at her court, ibid. 431, 432. Notice of her Prayer-book, 432. Influence of her example, 433. Notice of her works, 451. Deeply skilled in Italian literature, ibid. Notice of her poetical pieces, 704. note. Proof that Shakspeare's Sonnets were not, and could not be addressed to her, ii. 61, 73. note. Instances of her vanity and love of dress, 90, 91. Description of her dress, 89, 90. Amount of her wardrobe, 91, 92. Silk stockings first worn by her, 98. Costly New-Year's gifts made to her, 99. Furniture of her palaces, 111, 112. Description of the mode in which her table was served, 122, 123. Her character as a sovereign, 145, 146. Her industry, 146. Instances of her vanity and coquetry, 147. Affectation of youth, 148. Artfulness, 149. Extreme jealousy, 150. Ill treatment of her courtiers, 150, 151. Excelled in dancing, 172. Delighted with bear-baiting, 176. Account of her progresses, 193-199. Passionately fond of dramatic performances, 202, 205. Ordered Shakspeare's "Merry Wives of Windsor," 435. And bestowed many marks of her favour upon him, 590.

Elfland or Fairy Land, description of, ii. 318, 319.

Elves or fairies of the Scandinavians, ii. 308. Account of the Bright Elves, or benevolent fairies, 308, 309. Of the Swart Elves, or malignant fairies, 309, 310. And of the Scottish Elves, 314-336.

Elviden (Edmond), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 681.

"England's Helicon," a collection of poems, critical notice of, i. 721-723.

English Language but little cultivated prior to the time of Ascham, i. 439. Improved by the labours of Wilson, 440. Corrupted by Lilly, in the reign of Elizabeth, 441. And by the interlarding of Latin quotations in that of James I., 442. This affectation satyrised by Sir Philip Sidney, 444, 445. And by Shakspeare, 445, 446. The English language improved by Sir Walter Raleigh and his contemporaries, 446, 447. Remarks on the prose writers of the reign of James I., 447, 448. Notice of Mulcaster's labours for improving it, 455. And of Bullokar's, ibid. 456.

English Mercury, the first newspaper ever published, i. 508. Specimen of, ibid.

English nation, character of, ii. 154.

"Epicedium," a funeral song on the death of Lady Branch, ii. 38. note. Extract from, in commendation of Shakspeare's Rape of Lucrece, 39. note.

Epilogue, concluded with prayer in the time of Shakspeare, ii. 222, 223.

Epitaph on Shakspeare, in Stratford church, ii. 619.

Epitaphs by Shakspeare:—a satirical one on Mr. Combe, ii. 605. On Sir Thomas Stanley, 607. And on Elias James, 607. note.

Erskine (Mr.) exquisite poetical allusions of, to fairy mythology, ii. 327, 328, 336.

Espousals, ceremony of, i. 220-223.

Essays, critical account of the writers of, in the age of Elizabeth, i. 511-517.

Evans (Lewes and William), minor poets of the age of Shakspeare, i. 682.

Evergreens, why carried at funerals, i. 239.

Evil spirits, supposed to be driven away by the sound of the passing-bell, i. 232, 233.

F

Facetiæ, notice of writers of, during the age of Shakspeare, i. 515-517.

"Faerie Queene" of Spenser, critical remarks on, i. 646-649.

Fairefax (Edward), biographical notice of, i. 619. Examination of his version of Tasso, ibid. His original poetry lost, 620.

Fairies, superstitious traditions concerning, i. 320. Their supposed influence on All-Hallow-Eve, 333. Supposed to haunt fountains and wells, 392. Critical account of the fairy mythology of Shakspeare, ii. 302. Oriental fairies, 302, 303. The knowledge of the oriental fairy mythology introduced from the Italians, 303. Origin of the Gothic system of fairy mythology, 304. Known in England in the eleventh century, 306. Scandinavian system of fairy mythology, 308-312. Scandinavian system current in England in the thirteenth century, 313. Scottish elves, ibid. 314. Their dress and weapons, 315. Lowland fairies, 316. Allusions to fairy superstitions by Chaucer, 313. 317. Description of Elf or Fairy-land, 318, 319. Allusions to it by various poets, 319-321. Fairy processions at Roodsmass, 322. Fairies in Scotland supposed to appear most commonly by moonlight, 323. Their supposed influence on pregnant women, 324. Children said to be stolen and changed by them, 325, 326. Expedients for recovering them, 326, 327. Their speech, food, and work, 328, 329. Account of the malignant fairy called the _Wee Brown Man of the Muirs_, 329, 330. Traditions relative to the benevolent sprite, Brownie, 330-336. The fairy mythology of Shakspeare, though partly founded on Scottish tradition, yet, from its novelty and poetic beauty, meriting the title of the English System, 337, 338. Critical illustrations of his allusions to fairies and Fairy-land, 337-353. Scandinavia the parent of our popular fairy mythology, which has undergone various modifications, 353-355.

Fairs, how celebrated antiently, i. 214-216.

Falconer, an important officer in the households of the great, i. 265, 266. His qualifications, 266.

Falconry, when introduced into England, i. 255. Universal among the nobility and gentry, ibid. 256. Notices of books on, 257. note. Falconry an expensive diversion, 257-259. Prohibited to the clergy, 259. note. Remarks on this sport, 260-262. Poetical description of it by Massinger, 262, 263. A favourite diversion of the ladies, 265.

Falcons, different sorts of, i. 263, 264. Account of their training, 266-271.

Falstaff, analysis of the character of, as introduced in Shakspeare's plays of Henry IV., Parts I. and II., ii. 381-384. And in the Merry Wives of Windsor, 436.

Fans, structure and fashion of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 98, 99.

Fare of country squires in the age of Shakspeare, i. 73, 76. Of country gentlemen, 79, 80. And of the sovereign and higher classes, ii. 120-129.

Farmers, character of, in the time of Edward VI., i. 100, 101. In Queen Elizabeth's time, 98. Description of their houses or cottages, 99, 100. Their furniture and household accommodations, 101. 103. Their ordinary diet, 103-108. Diet on festivals, 109. Dress, 110. Qualifications of a good farmer's wife, 111, 112. Occupations, &c. of their servants, 113. Manners, &c. of Scottish farmers during the same period, 117, 118. Progress of extravagance among this class of persons, 119.

Farmer (Dr.), conclusion of, as to the result of Shakspeare's school education, i. 29, 30. His conclusion controverted, 30, 31. His opinion as to the extent of Shakspeare's knowledge of French and Italian literature considered, 54-56, 57.

Faulconbridge, analysis of the character of, ii. 120.

Feasts (ordinary), curious directions for, i. 80. note.

Felton's portrait of Shakspeare, authenticity of, ii. 623.

Fenner (Dudley), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 682.

Fenton's (Geffray), account of his "Certain Tragicall Discourses," a popular collection of Italian novels, i. 542.

Fern-seed, supposed to be visible on Midsummer-Eve, i. 329.

"Ferrex and Porrex," the first regular tragedy ever performed in England, i. 227.

Ferrers (George), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 682.

Ferriar (Dr.), theory of apparitions of, ii. 406. Application of it to the character of Hamlet, 407. His opinion of the merits of Massinger as a dramatic poet controverted, 562.

Festivals, account of those observed in Shakspeare's time, i. 123. New-Year's Day, 123-126. Twelfth Day, 127-134. St. Distaff's Day, 135. Plough Monday, 136-138. Candlemas Day, 138-140. Shrove Tide, 141-145. Easter Tide, 146-148. Hock Day, 149-151. May Day, 152-174. Whitsuntide, 175-180. Sheep-shearing, 181-185. Harvest-home, 185-190. Martinmas, 192. Christmas, 193-208. Wakes or fairs, 209-249. Weddings, 219-229. Christenings, 230, 231. Burials, 232-245.

Fete, magnificent, at Kenelworth Castle, given to Queen Elizabeth, i. 37-39.

Fetherstone (Christopher), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 682.

Fires kindled on Midsummer-Eve, of Pagan origin, i. 328, 329; and on All-Hallow-Eve, 341.

Fire Spirits, machinery of, introduced in the Tempest, ii. 521, 522.

Fishing, pursued with avidity, in the 16th century, i. 289. Account of books on this sport, 290, 291. Poetical description of, 292, 293. Qualifications requisite for, 294-297.

Fitzgeffrey (Charles), Biographical notice of, i. 620. Specimen of his poetical talents, 621.

Fitzherbert (Sir Anthony), notice of his agricultural treatises, i. 115. note. His precepts to a good housewife, 116, 117. notes.

Fleming (Abraham), a miscellaneous writer, account of, i. 504. Character of his style, 505. Poems of, 682.

Fletcher (Robert), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 682.

Fletcher (Giles), critical remarks on the poetry of, i. 621, 622.

Fletcher (Phineas), notice of, i. 622. Critical observations on his "Purple Island," 623.; and on his "Piscatory Eclogues," ib.

Fletcher (John), the chief author of the plays extant under his name, ii. 557. How far he was assisted by Beaumont, 558. Critical estimate of his character as a dramatic poet, 558-560. His feeble attempts to emulate Shakspeare, 560, 561. His Faithful Shepherdess (act v. sc. 1.) illustrated, i. 130. See also Beaumont, in this index.

Floralia (Roman), perpetuated in May-Day, i. 152.

Florio (John), pedantry of, satyrised by Shakspeare, i. 415. Appointed reader of the Italian language to the Queen of James I., 451.

Flowers, antiently scattered on streams at sheep-shearing time, i. 185. Garlands of flowers carried at funerals, and buried with the deceased, 240-242. Graves in Wales still decorated with flowers, 242-244. Allusions to this custom by Shakspeare, 243.

Fools of Shakspeare's plays, &c. remarks on, i. 587. ii. 550. Description of their apparel and condition, ii. 141, 142. Apes or monkies kept as companions for them, 145, 146.

Ford, merits of, as a dramatic poet, considered, ii. 563, 564.

Forks, when introduced into England, ii. 126.

Fortescue's (Thomas), "Forest of Historyes," a popular collection of novels, notice of, i. 543.

"Fortune my Foe," a popular song, quoted by Shakspeare, i. 477.

Fountains and wells, why superstitiously visited, i. 391. Supposed to be the haunts of fairies and spirits, 392. Pilgrimages made to them, 393.

Fowling, how pursued in the sixteenth century, i. 287-289.

Fox's "Acts and Monuments," character of, i. 482.

Fraunce (Abraham), notice of his "Arcadian Rhetoricke," i. 464. List of his poetical works, 682, 683.

Freeman (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 683.

French Language, Shakspeare's knowledge of, when acquired, i. 53, 54. Proofs that he had some acquaintance with it, 55, 56. List of French grammars which he might have read, 57.

"Friar of Orders Grey," a beautiful ballad, notice of, i. 579, 580. Quoted by Shakspeare, 589, 590.

Friend, absence from, exquisitely pourtrayed by Shakspeare, ii. 78.

Friendship, beautiful delineation of, ii. 389.

Fulbeck's account of Roman factions, i. 476.

Fulbroke Park, the scene of Shakspeare's deer-stealing, i. 402, 403.

Fuller (Thomas), character of Shakspeare, i. 29.; and of Dr. Dee, and his assistant Kelly, ii. 512, 513.

Fullwell (Ulpian), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 683.

Funeral ceremonies described, i. 232-237. Entertainments given on those occasions, 238.

Furniture, splendid, of Queen Elizabeth's palaces, ii. 111, 112. Of the inhabitants of London, 112-120. Of the halls of country gentlemen, i. 77-79.

Fuseli's picture of the night-mare, description of, i. 348. note [348:B].

G

Gale (Dunstan), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 683.

Gamage (William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 684, and note [684:A].

Games (Cotswold), account of, i. 252-254.

Gaming, prevalence of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 157, 158.

"Gammer Gurton's Needle," illustration of, i. 106. The earliest comedy ever written or performed in England, ii. 227. Critical remarks on, 233.

Garlands, anciently used at funerals, and buried with the deceased, i. 240-242.

Garnier's Henriade probably seen by Shakspeare, i. 54, 55.

Garter (Barnard), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 684.

Garter (Thomas), a dramatic poet in the reign of Elizabeth, character of, ii. 235.

Gascoigne (George), notice of the "Posies" of, i. 461. Biographical sketch of, 623, 624. Remarks on his poetry, 624, 625. Character of, as a dramatic poet, ii. 233, 234.

Gastrell (Rev. Francis), purchases Shakspeare's house at Stratford, ii. 584. note. Cuts down his mulberry tree, ibid. And destroys the house itself, 585. note.

Gay's Trivia, quotation from, on the influence of particular days, i. 323. note. Poetical description of spells, 332.

Genius of Shakspeare's drama considered, ii. 536-541.

Gentlemen, different sorts of, in the age of Shakspeare, i. 69. Their virtues and vices, ibid. 70. Description of the mansion houses of country gentlemen, 72-74. Their usual fare, 79, 80-82. Employments and dress of their daughters, 83, 84. Character of country gentlemen towards the commencement of the 17th century, 84, 85. When they began to desert their halls for the metropolis, 85. Portraits of, in the close of the 17th, and at the beginning of the 18th century, 86, 87. notes. Dress of gentlemen in the metropolis, ii. 87, 88, 89. 101-109.

Gerbelius (Nicholas), rapturous declamation of, on the restoration of some Greek authors, i. 435.

Gerguntum, a fabulous Briton, notice of, i. 192. note.

Germans, fairy mythology of, ii. 312.

Gesta Romanorum, a popular romance in Shakspeare's time, i. 534. Different translations of the continental Gesta, ibid. 535. Critical account of the English Gesta, 535, 536. ii. 386. Notice of its different editions, i. 537, 538. Long continuance of its popularity, 538.

Ghosts, superstitious notions concerning, prevalent in the age of Shakspeare, i. 318, 319. Remarks on the supposed agency of ghosts, as received at that time, ii. 399-405. Considerations on the introduction of the ghost in Hamlet, and its strict consonance to the popular superstitions shewn, 411-417. Its superiority over all other ghostly representations, ancient or modern, 417, 418.

Gifford (Humphrey), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 684.

Gifford (Mr.), conjecture of, on the date of Shakspeare's Henry VIII. ii. 442, 443. Observations on the excellent plan of his notes on Massinger, 561. note. His estimate of the merits of Ben Jonson, as a dramatic poet, 575, 576. Vindicates Jonson from the cavils of Mr. Malone, 578. note.

Gilchrist (Mr.) on the character of Puttenham's "Arte of English Poesie," i. 466.

Gleek, a fashionable game at cards, notice of, ii. 170.

Glen Banchar, anecdote of a peasant of, i. 233, 234.

Globe Theatre, license to Shakspeare for, ii. 207, 208. Account of it, 208, 209. Description of its interior, 210-214.

Gloves, costly, presented to Elizabeth, ii. 99.

Goblins and spectres, superstitious notions concerning, i. 316, 317. Machinery of goblins or spirits of earth, introduced into the Tempest, ii. 523, 524.

Goder Norner, or beneficent elves of the Goths, notice of, ii. 308.

Godwin (Mr.), remarks of, on Shakspeare's Troilus and Cressida, ii. 440, 441. His estimate of the merits of Ben Jonson, as a dramatic poet, 574-579.

Golding (Arthur), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 684.

Googe (Barnaby), description of Midsummer-Eve superstitions, i. 328. Notice of his poetical works, 684.

Gorboduc, critical remarks on Sackville's tragedy of, ii. 230, 231.

Gordon (Patrick), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 684.

"Gorgeous Gallery of Gallant Inventions," a collection of poems, critical account of, i. 715-717.

Gorges (Sir Arthur), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 684, 685. and notes.

Gossipping, prevalence of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 159, 160.

Gosson (Stephen), a Puritanical wit, in Shakspeare's time, account of, i. 500, 501. Notice of his "Speculum humanum," 685. and note [685:C].

Gowns, materials and fashions of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 97, 98.

Grammars and dictionaries, list of, in use in Shakspeare's time, i. 25. note. Henry VII.'s grammar learned by Shakspeare, 26. The English grammar but little cultivated, previous to the time of Ascham, 439. Improved by him, ibid.; and by Wilson, 440. Notice of eminent Latin grammarians, 454, 455. English grammar of Ben Jonson, 456.

Grange (John), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 685.

Grant (Edward), an eminent Latin philologer, notice of, i. 454.

Graves, why planted with flowers, i. 242-244. and note. Allusions to this custom by Shakspeare, 243.

Grave-digger in Hamlet, songs mis-quoted by, probably by design, i. 591.

Greek literature, cultivated and encouraged at the court of Queen Elizabeth, i. 429-431, 432. Promoted essentially by the labours of Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Henry Savile, and Dr. Boys, 453, 454. List of Greek authors, translated into English in the time of Shakspeare, 483.

Greene (Thomas), the barrister, an intimate friend of Shakspeare's, ii. 600.

Greene (Thomas), the player, notice of, i. 417. Character of, ibid. Whether a townsman and relation of Shakspeare, 420.

Greene (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 685.

Greene (Robert), a miscellaneous writer in the time of Shakspeare, biographical account of, i. 486. Studies and dissipations of his early years, 486, 487. His marriage, 487. Pleasing sketch of his domestic life, 488. Returns to the dissipations of the metropolis, 489. Affectionate demeanour of his wife, 490. His beautiful address, "By a Mother to her Infant," 492, 493. Becomes a writer for bread, 494. Character of Greene as a prose writer, 494. List of his principal pieces, 495. Poetical extract from his "Never Too Late," 496. Extract entitled "The Farewell of a Friend," 497. His death, ibid. Miserable state of his latter days, 498. Satirical sonnet addressed to him, 499. Critical notice of his poetry, 627. List of his dramatic productions, with remarks, ii. 249-251.

"Green Sleeves," a popular song, quoted by Shakspeare, i. 477.

Greepe (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 686.

Greville (Sir Fulke), list of the poems of, i. 686.

Griffin (B.), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 686.

Griffith (William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 686.

Grove (Matthew), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 686.

Grymeston (Elizabeth), a minor poetess of the age of Shakspeare, i. 686.

Guardian angels, superstitious notions concerning, i. 336-339. Observations on, by Dr. Horsley, 339, 340.

Guests, ranks of, how distinguished at table, i. 74.

Guteli, or benevolent fairies of the Germans, notice of, ii. 312.

Guy of Warwick, allusions by Shakspeare to the legend of, i. 566.

H

Haggard-Hawk, notice of, i. 270.

Hair, fashion of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 92. The dead frequently plundered for, ibid. 93. The hair thus obtained, dyed of a sandy colour, 93. Hair of unmarried women, how worn, ibid. Various coverings for, 94. The fashions for dressing hair, imported from Venice and Paris, ibid. 95.

Hake (Edward), notice of his "Touchstone of Wittes," i. 464, 465. List of his poetical pieces, 686, 687.

Hakluyt's Collection of Voyages and Travels, critical notice of, i. 477.

Hall (Arthur and John), minor poets of the age of Shakspeare, i. 687.

Hall (Bishop), portraits by, of a domestic chaplain and tutor, i. 95. Of an extravagant farmer's heir, 119. Of a poor copyholder, 120. Of horse-racing, 298. List of his poems, 627. Critical remarks on his satires, ii. 6.

Hall (Dr.), marries Shakspeare's daughter Susanna, ii. 598, 599. Birth of his daughter Elizabeth, 599. Notice of her, 629. note. The executorship of Shakspeare's will, why intrusted to Dr. Hall, 613. Epitaph on him, 631, 632. notes.

Halls of country squires and gentlemen, in Shakspeare's age, i. 73, 74. Of the nobility, how illuminated, ii. 116.

Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, date of, ii. 391. Analysis of the character of Hamlet, 392-398. Remarks on the agency of spirits, as connected with the Ghost in this play, 399-405. On the nature of Hamlet's lunacy, 406-409. The introduction of the Ghost critically considered, 411. Its strict consistency with the superstition of the times, 412-417. Superiority of Shakspeare's introduction of spirits over ancient and modern dramatists, 417, 418.

Passages of this drama illustrated in this work.

Act i. scene 1., i. 352. ii. 414. scene 2., i. 238. scene 4., i. 129. ii. 412, 413. scene 5., i. 379. 394. ii. 414. 417. Act ii. scene 2., i. 250. 397. 582. ii. 394. Act iii. scene 1., i. 571. ii. 392. 395. scene 2., i. 171. 583. ii. 106. 221. scene 3., ii. 114. scene 4., i. 424. ii. 409. Act iv. scene 5., i. 224. 240. 326. 590, 591. Act v. scene 1., i. 242, 243. ii. 395. scene 2., i. 35, 36.

Hand-ball, playing at, a favourite sport at Easter, i. 146, 147. Tansy cakes the constant prize, 147.

"Handfull of Pleasant Delites," a collection of poems, critical notice of, i. 717, 718.

Hands, why always washed before dinner, ii. 145.

Harbert (Sir William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 687.

Harbert (William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 687.

Harington (Sir John), critical notice of his "Apologie of Poetry," i. 466, 467. His "New Discourse of a stale Subject," 515. And of his "Metamorphosis," 516. Remarks on his poetry, 629, 630. Ludicrous account of a carousal given to the King of Denmark, ii. 124, 125. The inventor of water-closets, 135. note. His "Orders for Household Servantes," 139, 140.

Harmony of the spheres, doctrine of, a favourite source of embellishment, i. 381. Allusions to, by Shakspeare, 381, 382. And Milton, 382.

Harrison (Rev. William), character of his "Description of England," i. 475. Picture of rural mansions in the time of Elizabeth, 73. Delineation of country-clergymen, 90, 91. Of farmers, 99, 100. And of their cottages and furniture, 101-103. Of country-inns and ale-houses, 216-218. Of the fashionable mode of dress in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 87-89. Of the hospitality and style of eating and drinking in the higher classes, 120-122.

Hart (Joan), Shakspeare's sister, bequest to, ii. 629.

Harte (William), Shakspeare's nephew, not the person to whom his sonnets were addressed, ii. 60.

Harvest-Home, festival of, how celebrated, i. 185. Distinctions of society then abolished, 186. The last load of corn accompanied home with music and dancing, 187. Alluded to by Shakspeare, ibid. Poetical description of, by Herricke, 188, 189. Thanksgivings offered in Scotland for the safe in-gathering of the harvest, 341.

Harvey (Gabriel), notice of, i. 457. His quarrel with Nash, 458. Rarity of his works, ibid. His account of Greene's last days, 498. Satirical sonnet, addressed by him to Greene, 499. Notice of his sonnets, 687. and note [687:C].

Hastings (Henry), account of, i. 86, 87. note.

Hathaway family, account of, i. 60. Their cottage still standing at Shottery, 61.

Hathaway (Anne), the mistress of Shakspeare, spurious sonnet ascribed to, i. 58. note. Married to Shakspeare with her parents' consent, 62, 63. His bequest to her, ii. 631. Remarks thereon, 613. Her epitaph, 631. note. i. 60. note.

Hats, fashion of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 102.

Hatton (Sir Christopher), promoted for his skill in dancing, ii. 172.

Haunted houses, superstitious notions concerning, in the sixteenth century, i. 320, 321.

Hawking, when introduced into England, i. 255. Universal among the nobility and gentry, 255, 256. Notice of books on Hawks and Hawking, 257. and note. Expense attending this pursuit, 257-259. Forbidden to the clergy, 259. note. Observations on this sport, 260-262. Poetical description of, 262, 263. Land and water hawking, 264. A favourite pursuit of the ladies, 265. Allusions to hawking by Shakspeare, 270, 271.

Hawks, different sorts of, i. 263, 264. Penalties for destroying their eggs, 264. Account of their training, 265-270.

Hazlewood (Mr.), character of, i. 71. note. Notice of his edition of Puttenham's "Arte of English Poesie," 465. His character of that work, 466. And of Wright's Essays, 511-513. Account of the "World's Folly," a collection of ballads, 574-576. Bibliographical notice of "Polimanteia," ii. 39. note [39:B]. Account of Brokes' "Tragicall Historie of Romeus and Juliet," 359. and note.

Hayward (Sir John), character of his Histories, i. 476.

Healths, origin of drinking, i. 128.

Helen, analysis of the character of, in All's Well that Ends Well, ii. 423-425.

Hell, legendary punishments of, i. 378-381. The lower part of the stage so called in Shakspeare's time, ii. 214.

Heminge, the player, notice of, and of his family, i. 417. Probably a countryman of Shakspeare's, ibid.

Hemp-seed, why sown on Midsummer Eve, i. 332.

Henry IV., Parts I. and II., probable date of, ii. 379. Critical analysis of its principal characters, 380. Contrast between Hotspur and Prince Henry, 380. Analysis of the character of Falstaff, 381-384. And of the general construction of the fable of these plays, 384, 385.

Illustrations of King Henry IV. Part I. in the present work.

Act i. scene 2., i. 570. Act ii. scene 3., i. 329. 556. scene 4., ii. 105. 114. 131. Act iii. scene 1., i. 354. ii. 117. Act iv. scene 1., i. 298. Act v. scene 3., i. 581. scene 4., i. 406.

Illustrations of King Henry IV. Part II.

Act i. scene 1., i. 232. scene 2., i. 338. Act ii. scene 2., i. 193. scene 4., i. 308. 338. 585. ii. 107. Act iii. scene 2., i. 254. 562. Act v. scene 1., i. 156. 201. 554. scene 2., i. 74. scene 3., i. 585, 586. The epilogue, ii. 222, 223.

Henry V. Prince of Wales, character of, ii. 380. Probable date of the play of, 425. Analysis of the admirable character of the King, 426-428. Remarks on the minor characters and general conduct of the play, 429.

Passages of Henry V. illustrated in the present work.

Act ii. scene 2., ii. 426, 427. scene 3., i. 231. scene 4., i. 175. Act iii. scene 1., ii. 428. scene 3., ii. 428. Act iv. scene 1., ii. 427. scene 2., ii. 116. Act v. scene 1., i. 567. scene 2., i. 308.

Henry VI., Parts I., II., and III.—The First Part of Henry VI., usually ascribed to Shakspeare, spurious, ii. 292. Alterations probably made in it by him, 293. Date of these two Parts, 294, 295. Exquisite contrast between the characters of Henry VI. and Richard of Gloucester, 296. The spurious play fit only for an appendix to Shakspeare's works, 297. Illustrations of Henry VI. Part I. act i. scene 4., ii. 259.

Illustrations of Henry VI. Part II.

Act i. scene 2., ii. 183. Act ii. scene 1., i. 389. scene 3., i. 565. Act iii. scene 1., i. 164. scene 2., i. 374. Act iv. scene 2., i. 406. Act v. scene 3., i. 583. note.

Illustrations of Henry VI. Part III.

Act i. scene 1., ii. 374. scene 2., i. 372. Act iii. scene 5., i. 423. Act v. scene 3., i. 363. scene 6., i. 354. ii. 372. note. 373. scene 7., ii. 372. note.

Henry VIII.'s Latin Grammar, exclusively taught in schools, i. 26.

Henry VIII., probable date of the play of, ii. 442-445. Remarks on its characters, 445, 446.

Illustrations of this drama in the present work.

Act i. scene 1., i. 289. scene 3., ii. 99. Act ii. scene 3., i. 397. Act iv. scene 1., i. 156. Act v. scene 1., ii. 169. scene 2., i. 74.

Hentzner's (Paul), description of the dress of Queen Elizabeth, ii. 89, 90. Of the manner in which her table was served, 122, 123. And of the dress of servants, 138. Character of the English nation, 154. Description of an English bull-baiting and bear-whipping, 177.

Herbert (Mary), a minor poetess of the age of Shakspeare, i. 687.

Herrick, verses of, on Twelfth Night, i. 133, 134. On Rock or St. Distaff's Day, 135, 136. On Candlemas Eve, 139-141. And on Candlemas Day, 140. On May Day, 156, 157. On Harvest-home, 188, 189. On Christmas, 195-206.

Hesiod, beautiful passage of, on the ministry of spirits, ii. 400.

Heywood (Jasper), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 687.

Heywood (Thomas), complaint of, against the critics of his day, i. 456. Notice of his Troia Britannica, a poem, 688. ii. 44. Vindicates Shakspeare from the charge of plagiarism, 44, 45. Notice of his apology for actors, 44. Estimate of his merits as a dramatic poet, ii. 568, 569. Illustration of his "Woman killed with Kindness," i. 213. 269.

Higgins (John), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 688, and note [688:B]. Additions made by him to the "Mirrour for Magistrates," 709.

Historical Writers of the age of Shakspeare, notice of, i. 475, 476.

Hobby horse, when introduced into the May games, i. 166. 170. note.

Hock Cart, poem on, i. 188, 189.

Hock Day, or Hoke Day, origin of, i. 149. Amusements of this festival, ibid. Derivation of the term Hock, ibid. 150. Diversions of, continued at Coventry, till the end of the 17th century, 150, 151. and note.

Holinshed's description of the earthquake of 1580, i. 52, 53. Proof that Shakspeare was conversant with his history, 56. Character of his "Chronicle", 475.

Holland (Robert), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 688.

Holme (Randal), list of sports by, i. 246.

Homer, as translated by Chapman, critical observations on, i. 607, 608.

Hooding of Hawks, i. 267, 268.

Hoppings, or country dances at wakes, i. 213, 214.

Horse, beautiful poetical description of, ii. 24.

Horsemanship, directions for, i. 299, 300.

Horse-racing, a fashionable sport in the age of Shakspeare, i. 297, 298.

Horsley (Bishop), remarks of, on the ministry of angels, i. 339, 340. ii. 399. And on the resurrection, 403.

Hospitality of the English in the age of Elizabeth, ii. 120-122.

Hotspur, contrast between the character of, and that of Henry V., ii. 380.

Hounds, different kinds of, in the 16th century, i. 283, 284. Beautiful allusions to, by Shakspeare, 284.

House, where Shakspeare was born, described, i. 21, 22.

Household Servants, economy of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 138-140.

Housewife, portrait and qualifications of a good English one, i. 110, 111. Precepts for the regulation of her conduct, 112, 113. 116. note, 117. note.

Howard (Lady), rude treatment of, by Queen Elizabeth, ii. 91.

Howel (Mr.), marvellous cure of, by sympathetic powder, i. 375, 376.

Howell (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 688.

Hubbard (William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 688.

Hudson (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 689.

Hughes (Thomas), a dramatic writer of the Elizabethan age, notice of, ii. 242, 243.

Hughes (William), not the person to whom Shakspeare's sonnets were addressed, ii. 60.

Hume, (Alexander), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 689.

Hundred Merry Tales, a popular collection of Italian novels, translated in the reign of Elizabeth, i. 539. Alluded to by Shakspeare, 540.

Hunnis (William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 689. Specimen of his contribution to the "Paradise of Daintie Devises," 714, 715.

Hunting, account of, in the time of Elizabeth and James I., i. 272, 273. Description of hunting in inclosures, 274-276. Stag-hunting, 278, 279. Frequently attended with danger, 280. Explanation of hunting-terms, 278. note, 279. note. Frequently practised after dinner, 285.

Huntsman, character and qualifications of, in the 16th century, i. 281, 282.

Huon of Bourdeaux, allusions by Shakspeare to the romance of, i. 564.

Hurling, a rural sport, account of, i. 305.

Husbands, supposed visionary appearance of future, on Midsummer Eve, i. 331-333. And on All Hallow Eve, 344-347. Advice to them, 513.

I

Iago, remarks on the character of, ii. 531.

Illar Norner, or malignant elves of the Goths, ii. 308.

Imagination, brilliant, displayed in Shakspeare's dramas, ii. 551.

Imogen, analysis of the character of, ii. 467.

Incubus, or night-mare, poetical description of, i. 348. note. Supposed influence of Saint Withold against, 347-349.

Indians, exhibited in England as monsters, i. 387.

Inns (country), picture of, in Shakspeare's time, i. 216-218.

Inns of Court, account of a splendid masque given by the gentlemen of, ii. 190.

Interest, exorbitant, given for money in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 156.

Ireland (Mr. Samuel), his description of the birth-place of Shakspeare, i. 21, 22. Anecdote of Shakspeare's toping, preserved by him, 48-50.

Isabella, remarks on the character of, in Measure for Measure, ii. 454, 455.

Italian language and literature, considerations on Shakspeare's knowledge of, i. 53, 54. List of Italian grammars and dictionaries, which he might have read, 57. Greatly encouraged in the age of Elizabeth and James I., 451-453. Account of Italian Romances, 538-544. The Italian Sonnet, the parent of English Sonnets, ii. 53.

Itinerant Stage, and players, account of, i. 247-252.

Ivory Coffers, an article of furniture, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 118.

J

Jack o'Lantern, superstitious notions concerning, i. 399. Probable causes of, 400.

Jackson (Richard), notice of his battle of Flodden, i. 689. and note [689:A].

Jaggard's editions of the "Passionate Pilgrim," published without Shakspeare's privity or consent, ii. 43. 45. Vindication of the poet from the charge of imposing on the public in these editions, 46-48.

James I., book of sports, issued by, i. 173. Partiality of, for hunting, 287. Exclamation of, on quitting the Bodleian library, 434. Account of his treatise on "Scottish Poesie," 461, 462. Notice of his Poetical Works, i. 702. and notes [702:B], [702:C]. Expense in dress, encouraged by him, though niggardly in his own, ii. 101, 102. Drunken excesses of the King, and his courtiers, 124, 125. His philippic against tobacco, 135. 137. Sketch of his character, 151, 152. Cruel act passed by him against witchcraft, 477. His description of the feats of supposed witches, 483. 485. Wrote a letter of acknowledgement to Shakspeare, 595.

James (Dr.), an eminent bibliographer, notice of, i. 433, 434.

James (Elias), epitaph on, by Shakspeare, ii. 607, note.

Jaques, analysis of the character of, in As You Like It, ii. 433, 434.

Jeney (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 689.

Jenynges (Edward), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 689.

Jerome (St.), doctrine of, concerning angels, i. 336.

Jestours, or minstrels, in the age of Elizabeth, account of, i. 556-560. Deemed rogues and vagabonds by act of parliament, 561.

Jewels, fashions of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 103.

Job, beautiful passage from, on the agency and ministry of spirits, ii. 400.

John (King), probable date of, ii. 419. Its general character, ibid. Analysis of the particular characters of Faulconbridge, 420. Of Arthur, 420. 422. Of Constance, 421. Exquisitely pathetic scene of Hubert and the executioners, 422.

Passages of this drama illustrated in the present work.

Act i. scene 1., i. 566. ii. 161. Act ii. scene 2., i. 222. Act iii. scene 1., i. 351. ii. 420. scene 2., ii. 421. Act iv. scene 1., ii. 414. scene 2., i. 384.

John's Eve (St.), superstitious observances on, i. 328. Fires lighted then, of Pagan origin, 328, 329. Fern seed supposed to be visible only on that eve, 329. Spirits visible, of persons who are to die in the following year, 330, 331. Visionary appearances of future husbands and wives on that eve, 332.

Johnson (Richard), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 689.

Johnson (Dr.), his unjust censure of Cymbeline, ii. 466.

Jones (Rev. William), sermon of, on the death of the Earl of Southampton, i. 19. note.

Jonson (Ben), notice of the Latin Grammar of, i. 456. Critical remarks on his minor poems, 631. His account of a splendid masque, ii. 188. Began to write for the stage in conjunction with other dramatic poets, 572. Enumeration of his pieces, 573. Critical estimate of his merits as a dramatic poet, by Mr. Godwin, 574. By Mr. Gifford, 575, 576. Causes of Jonson's failure in tragedy, 577. Unrivalled excellence of his masques, 578. Jonson, the favourite model, studied by Milton, 579, 580. Repartees ascribed to Jonson and Shakspeare, 593, 594. notes. The story of their quarrel, disproved, 595-598. Verses of Jonson on Shakspeare's engraved portrait, 623.

Passages of Ben Jonson's works illustrated or explained.

Bartholomew Fayre, i. 173. 252. Christmas, a masque, i. 130. 203. Cynthia's Revells, Act i. sc. 2., i. 75. —— Act ii. sc. 5., ii. 120. Devil is an Ass, ii. 126. Entertainment of the Queen and Prince at Althorpe, i. 172. Epigrammes, i. 130. ii. 186. Every Man in his Humour, Act i. sc. 1., i. 82. 256. 308. Every Man out of his Humour, Act v. sc. 10., i. 441. —— Act ii. sc. 3., ii. 156. Masque of Queens, i. 179. New Inn, i. 329. Poetaster, i. 250. Sad Shepherd, i. 281. Staple of Newes, i. 96. 508, 509. Sejanus, i. 366. Silent Woman, ii. 126. Tale of a Tub, i. 229.

Julia, remarks on the character of, in the Two Gentlemen of Verona, ii. 368, 369.

Julio Romano, Shakspeare's eulogium on, ii. 617.

Julius Cæsar, date of, ii. 491. Remarks on the character of Cæsar, 491. And of Brutus, 492. General conduct of this drama, 492.

Passages of this drama illustrated in the present work.

Act II, Scene 2 — , i. 352. Act v. scene 2., i. 230. scene 3., i. 230. scene 5., ii. 492

Justices of the peace, venality of, in the time of Elizabeth, ii. 166.

K

Kelly, the magical associate of Dr. Dee, account of, ii. 512, 513. His death, 513. And character, 514, and note.

Kellye (Edmund), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 689.

Kempe (William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 689.

Kendal (Timothy), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 690, and note.

Kenelworth Castle, visit of Queen Elizabeth to, i. 37. Account of her magnificent reception there, 38, 39. ii. 195-197. Quaint description of the castle and grounds, i. 40-42, notes. Observation of Bishop Hurd on, ii. 200.

King and Queen, origin of chusing, on Twelfth Night, i. 127. Still retained, 134, note. Anciently chosen at sheep-shearing, 184, note.

Kings, supposed omens of the death or fall of, i. 353, 354.

King's Evil, supposed to be cured by royal touch, i. 370, 371.

Kirk (Mr.), notice of his "Nature, &c. of fairies," ii. 314. and note. Extracts from it, relative to the fairy superstitions of Scotland, 315, 316. 322. 324.

Kirke White (Henry), poetical description of a Winter's Evening Conversation, i. 322.

Kiss, beautiful sonnet on one, ii. 54, 55.

Knell (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 690.

Knights, tournaments of, in the 16th century, i. 553. Their vows how made, 554. Tilting at the ring, 555.

Knights of Prince Arthur's Round Table, a society of archers, account of, ii. 178-180.

Knives, when introduced into England, ii. 126.

Knolles's History of the Turks, character of, i. 476.

Kyd (Thomas), a dramatic writer, in the reign of Elizabeth, notice of, ii. 243, 244.

Kyffin (Maurice), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 690.

L

Ladies, dress of, in the time of Queen Elizabeth, ii. 92-100. Their accomplishments, 153. Manually corrected their servants, ibid.

Lake Wakes, derivation of, i. 234. Description of, 235, 236. Vestiges of, in the North of England, 237.

Lamb Ale, account of, i. 181. Poetical description of, by Tusser, ibid. By Drayton, ibid. Allusions to it by Shakspeare, 183-185.

Lambarde's "Archaionomia," critical notice of, i. 480.

Lane (John), a poet of the Elizabethan age, critical notice of, i. 673.

Laneham's description of Kenelworth castle and grounds, i. 40-42. notes. Cited, 371. Description of the shews exhibited to Queen Elizabeth, 518, 519. ii. 195, 196. Account of his mode of spending his time, 198, 199.

Latin literature, promoted in the age of Elizabeth, by the labours of Ascham and others, i. 454, 455. List of Latin writers translated into English in the time of Shakspeare, 483.

Lavaterus, remarks of, on the absurdity of terrifying children, i. 317, 318. On the ministry of angels, 336, 337. On corpse candles, 358. And sudden noises, as forerunners of death, 361.

Law terms, collection of, found in Shakspeare's plays, i. 43, 44. notes.

Lear (King), probable date of, ii. 457-459. And sources, 459. Observations on the general conduct of the play, 460, 461. Analysis of the character of Lear, 461-463. Of Edgar, 462, 464. And of Cordelia, 465.

Passages of this drama illustrated in the present work.

Act i. scene 2., i. 384. scene 5., ii. 462. Act ii. scene 4., ii. 462. Act iii. scene 1., ii. 462. scene 2., ii. 464. scene 4., i. 347. 566. 588. ii. 463, 464. scene 6., i. 588, 589. Act iv. scene 3., i. 592. scene 6., i. 308. scene 7., ii. 465, 466.

Leet Ale, account of, i. 176.

Legge (Thomas), a dramatic writer in the Elizabethan age, character of, ii. 251.

Leicester (Robert Dudley, Earl of), his magnificent reception of Queen Elizabeth, i. 37-39. ii. 195-199.

Leighton (Sir William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 691.

Lever (Christopher), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 691.

Lexicographers, but little rewarded, i. 27. note.

Leyden (Dr.), beautiful poetical allusions of, to Scottish traditions concerning fairies, ii. 320, 321. 323. Fine apostrophe to Mr. Scott, 321. note.

Lhuyd (Humphry), notice of his topographical labours, i. 479, 480.

Libel of Shakspeare on Sir Thomas Lucy, i. 405, 406.

Library, hints for the best situation of, i. 437. Notice of Captain Cox's library of romances, 518, 519, 520. And of Dr. Dee's library of magical and other books, ii. 511, 512. notes.

Lights, burning blue, a supposed indication of the presence of spirits, i. 358.

Lilly (John), notice of his "Euphues," a romance, i. 441, 442. Encomiums on it, 442. Estimate of its real character, 443. His style corrupted the English language, ibid. Satirised by Shakspeare, 445, 446. Character of his dramatic pieces, ii. 240-242.

Lilye, a dextrous repairer of old books, i. 433.

Linche (Richard), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 691. Specimen of his verses, ibid. note.

Lisle (William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 691.

Literature (polite), outline of, during the age of Shakspeare, i. 428. Encouraged by Queen Elizabeth, 428-432. Influence of her example, 433-437. State of philological or grammatical literature, 439. Innovations in the English language by Lilly, 442-445. Improvements in the language, by the great writers in the reigns of Elizabeth and James, 446-448. Classical literature greatly encouraged, 449. 453-455. Modern languages then cultivated, 451, 452. State of criticism, 456-460. Of history, 475. Voyages and travels, 477-479. Topography and antiquities, 479-481. Biography, 481, 482. Translations of classical authors extant in this period, 483. Natural history, 484, 485. Miscellaneous literature:—of the wits of that age, 485-499. Of the Puritans, 500-502. Sober writers, 503-507. Origin of newspapers, 508. Writers of characters, 509-511. Essayists, 511-514. Writers of facetiæ, 515-517. State of romantic literature, 518-593. Of poetry in general, 461-474. 594-675. Table of miscellaneous minor poets during the age of Shakspeare, 676-707. Collections of poetry and poetical miscellanies, 708-731. State of literature in the Elizabethan age highly favourable to the culture of poetic genius, 596.

Literature (juvenile), state of, during Shakspeare's youth, i. 25-28.

Lithgow (William), critical notice of his "Travels," i. 478.

Littlecote House, description of, and of its ancient furniture, i. 77-79.

Little John, the companion of Robin Hood, account of, i. 163.

Lloyd (Lodowick), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 691.

Lobeira (Vasco), the author of "Amadis of Gaul," i. 545. Popularity of his romance, 545, 546.

Lodge (Dr. Thomas), a miscellaneous and dramatic writer, account of, i. 503. His principal works, ibid. Defects in his literary character, ibid. 504. Remarks of, on the quarrelsome temper of Nash, 459, 460. Remarks on his poetry, 632-635. Character of his dramatic productions, ii. 249.

Lofft (Mr. Capel), opinion of, on the sources of Shakspeare's wisdom, i. 32. note. On the extent of his knowledge of Italian literature, 54. note. Notice of his edition of Shakspeare's "Aphorisms," 517.

Lok (Henry), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 691, 692, and note [692:A].

London, when first resorted to by country-gentlemen, i. 85, 86. Dress of the inhabitants of the metropolis, ii. 87-111. Their houses, how furnished, 111-120. Food and drinking, 120-137. Servants, 138-142. Miscellaneous household arrangements, 143-145. Peculiarities in their manners, 145-162. Police of London during the age of Shakspeare, 162-167. Their manners, 153. Credulity and superstition, 154. Curiosity for seeing strange sights, 155. Passion for travelling, 156. Love of gaming, 157. Duelling, 158. Love of quarrelling, ibid. 159. Lying, 159. Gossipping, ibid. Swearing, 160. Complimentary language, 160, 161. Ceremonies of inaugurating the Lord Mayor, 162-164. Regulation of the police of the city, 164-166. Diversions of the court and city, 168-200. Account of a splendid masque given by the citizens, 189, 190.

Lord Mayor, ceremony of inaugurating described, ii. 162-164.

Lovell (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 692.

Lovelocks worn by gentlemen in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 103.

"Lover's Complaint," a minor poem of Shakspeare, critical analysis of, ii. 82-84.

Love's Labour's Lost, date of this drama of Shakspeare's, ii. 289. Proofs that it is one of Shakspeare's earliest compositions, 290, 291. The first edition of it lost, 290. Critical remarks on it, 291, 292.

Passages of this drama illustrated in the present work.

Act i. scene 2., ii. 186. Act iii. scene 1., i. 171. 580. ii. 173. 175. Act iv. scene 1., i. 580, ii. 182. scene 2., i. 27. note. 445, 446. Act v. scene 1., i. 96. 308. scene 2., i. 105. 130. 515. 556. ii. 171.

Lucrece, beautiful picture of, ii. 36, 37. See Rape of Lucrece.

Lucy (Sir Thomas), biographical notice of, i. 402. His deer stolen by Shakspeare, 403. Whom he reprimands and exposes, 404. Is libelled by Shakspeare, 404-407. Prosecutes him, 407, 408. Ridiculous portrait of Sir Thomas, 409.

Luders (Mr.), notice of his essay on the character of Henry V., ii. 381.

Luigi da Porta, the Giuletta of, the source of Shakspeare's Romeo and Juliet, ii. 360-362.

Lunacy (latent), philosophical and medical remarks on, ii. 406, 407. Application of them to the character of Hamlet, 407, 408.

Lupton (Thomas), a dramatic writer in the time of Elizabeth, notice of, ii. 237.

Luring of Hawks, i. 266, 267. note.

M

Mab, queen of the fairies, exquisite picture of, ii. 341, 342.

Macbeth, date of, ii. 469. Analysis of the character of Macbeth, 469-471. Remarks on the management of the fable, 471. Its striking affinity to the tragedy of Æschylus, 472-474. Critical remarks on the supernatural machinery of this play, 474. Account of the popular superstitions concerning witchcraft, current in Shakspeare's time, 475-486. Instances of his admirable adaptation of them to dramatic representation in Macbeth, 487, 488.

Passages of this drama, illustrated in the present work.

Act i. scene 3., ii. 299. 488. scene 7., i. 129. Act ii. scene 1., i. 82. scene 2., ii. 470. scene 3., i. 354. Act iii. scene 1., i. 388. scene 5., i. 386. Act iv. scene 3., i. 371.

Machin (Lewis), "The Dumb Knight" of, illustrated, ii. 31. note.

Madmen, in Shakspeare's plays, remarks on, i. 587. Characteristic madness of Edgar, in the play of Lear, 588. Affecting madness of Ophelia in Hamlet, 589-591. Contrast between the madness of Lear and Ophelia, ii. 396. The madness of Edgar and Lear considered, 462-464.

Madrigals, collections of, in the time of Shakspeare, i. 730-733.

Magic, state of the art of, in the time of Queen Elizabeth, ii. 509, 510. Notice of eminent magicians at that time, 511-514. Different classes of magicians, 515. Prospero, one of the higher class, ibid. Description of his dress and spells, 515-517. Mode of conjuring up the spirits of the dead, 518-520. Different orders of spirits under magical power, 521-526.

Maid Marian, origin of, i. 161. One of Robin Hood's associates in the May-games, ibid. 162.

Malone (Mr.), opinion of, on the authenticity of John Shakspeare's will, i. 15. On the probability of William Shakspeare's being placed with an attorney, 43-45. His conjecture as to the person to whom Shakspeare's sonnets were addressed, ii. 61. Refuted, 62-73. Strictures on his inadequate defence of Shakspeare's sonnets, against Mr. Steevens's censure, 74, 75. Conjecture of, as to the amount of Shakspeare's income, 225. Ascribes Pericles to him, 265. His opinion on the date of Love's Labour's Lost, 289. On the spuriousness of Henry VI. Part I., 293. His able discrimination of genuine from the spurious passages, 295. On the probable date of Romeo and Juliet, 357, 358. Of the Taming of the Shrew, 364. Of Richard III. 370. Of Henry IV. Parts I. and II., 379. Of Hamlet, 391. Of King John, 419. Of All's Well That Ends Well, 422, 423. On the date of Troilus and Cressida, 438. Of Henry VIII. 442-445. Of Timon of Athens, 446, 447. Of Measure for Measure, 452. Of King Lear, 457-459. Of The Tempest, 500-503. Of Othello, 527, 528. Of Twelfth Night, 535. Strictures on his splenetic censure of Ben Jonson, 578. note. Remarks of, on the epitaphs ascribed to Shakspeare, 607. and note. Character and expression of the poet's bust injured through his interference, 621. His illustrations of Shakspeare cited, passim.

Malory (Sir Thomas), account of his translation of the romance of "La Morte D'Arthur," i. 524.

Mandrake, fable concerning, i. 374.

Manners of the metropolis during the age of Shakspeare, ii. 149. Influence of Elizabeth and James I. upon them, 153, 154. Credulity and superstition, 154. Love of strange sights, 155. Passion for travelling, 156. Love of Gaming, 157. Duelling and quarrelling, 158, 159. Lying and gossipping, 159, 160. Complimentary language, 160-162.

Manning of hawks, i. 266, 267. note.

Manningtree, celebrated for its fairs and stage plays, i. 251.

Mansions of country squires and gentlemen, in Shakspeare's age, description of, i. 72-74.

Mantuanus, Eclogues of, probably one of Shakspeare's school books, i. 27. note. Quoted and praised by him, ibid. Translations of them noticed, 28. note.

Marbeck (John), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 692.

Marlow (Christopher), character of, as a poet, i. 635, 636. And as a dramatic writer, with specimens, ii. 245-248. His wretched death, 249, and note. His "Passionate Shepherd," cited by Shakspeare, i. 578.

Marston (John), biographical notice of, i. 636. Character of his satires, 637. Estimate of his merits as a dramatic poet, ii. 567, 568. His "Scourge of Villanie," cited and illustrated, ii. 160.

Mark's Day (St.), supposed influence of, on life and death, i. 323.

Markham (Gervase), a miscellaneous writer in the time of Shakspeare, biographical account of, i. 505. List of his works, 506, 507. notes. Their great popularity, 506, 507. Notice of his "Gentleman's Academie, or Book of St. Alban's," i. 70. note. 257. note. Dedication to, 70. His difference between churles and gentlemen, 71, 72. note. His edition seen by Shakspeare, 71. note. Directions of, for an ordinary feast, 80. note. His explanation of terms in hawking, 267-269. note. On different sorts of hounds, 283, 284. Description of the qualifications of an angler, 294-296. Notice of his "Discource of Horsemanshippe," 299. note. Precepts for learning to ride, 299, 300. List of his poems, 692, 693. His address to the Earl of Southampton, ii. 17. note.

Marriage, ceremony of, in Shakspeare's time, i. 223. Procession, ibid. 224. Rosemary strewed before the bride, 224. Ceremonies in the church, 225. Drinking out of the bride cup, ibid. 226. Blessing the bridal bed, ib. Description of a rustic marriage, 227-229. How celebrated in the North of England in the 18th century, 229. note.

Martial, epigram of, happily translated, i. 690. note.

Martinmas, or the festival of St. Martin, i. 190. Winter provision then laid in, ibid. Poetical description of, 191-193. Universally observed throughout Europe, 191. Allusion to this day, by Shakspeare, 193.

Martin Mar-Prelate, notice of, i. 457.

Mascall's (Leonard), "Booke of Fishing," notice of, i. 291, and note.

Masks generally used in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 95.

Masques, splendid, in the age of Shakspeare, account of, ii. 187-190. Allusions to them by Shakspeare, 191-193. Unrivalled excellence of Ben Jonson's masques, 578.

Massinger (Philip), merits of, as a dramatic poet, considered, ii. 561, 562.

Illustrations of several of his plays, viz.

City Madam, i. 75. ——, Act ii. scene 1., i. 180. Guardian, i. 262, 263. Virgin Martyr, i. 310.

Master of the Revels, office of, when instituted, ii. 202. The superintendance of the stage and of actors, committed to them, 203. Players sometimes termed children of the revels, 204.

Maxwell (James), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 693.

May-Day, anciently observed throughout the kingdom, i. 152. A relic of the Roman Floralia, ibid. Poetical description of, in Henry VIII.'s time, 153. Cornish mode of celebrating, ibid. How celebrated in the age of Shakspeare, 154, 155. Allusions to it by the poet, 155, 156. Verses on, by Herrick, 156, 157. Morris-dances, the invariable accompaniment of May-day, 157, 158. Robin Hood and his associates, when introduced, 159-163. Music accompanying May-games, 164, 165. Introduction of the hobby-horse and dragon, 156. Description of the May-games, as celebrated in Shakspeare's time, 167-171. Opposition made to them by the Puritans, and their consequent decline, 171-173. Revived by King James's "Book of Sports," 173, 174. Their gradual disuse, 174, and note.

Maying, custom of going a Maying, i. 155. Verses on, 156, 157.

Mayne's "City Match," illustration of, i. 388.

Maypole, ceremony of setting up described, i. 154.

Measure for Measure, probable date of, ii. 452. Its primary source, 453. Analysis of its characters, 454-456.

Passages of this drama illustrated in the present work.

Act II, Scene 1 — , ii. 125. Act iii. scene 1., i. 378. ii. 455, 456. Act v. scene 1., i. 222

Menæchmi of Plautus, the basis of Shakspeare's Comedy of Errors, ii. 286-288.

Merchant of Venice, date of, ii. 385. Probable source of its fable, 385, 386. Analysis of it, 387, 388. And of its characters, 388-390. Particularly that of Shylock, 388, 389.

Illustrations of this drama.

Act ii. scene 8., ii. 389. Act iii. scene 2., ii. 93. Act iv. scene 1., i. 374. Act v. scene 1., i. 187. 381. ii. 390.

Meres (Francis), critical notice of his "Comparative Discourse of our English Poets, with the Greeke, Latine, and Italian Poets," i. 468. His censure of the popularity of "La Morte D'Arthur," 525. Encomium on Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis, ii. 29. And on several of his dramas, 287.

Merry Pin, explanation of the term, i. 131. note.

Merry Wives of Windsor, tradition respecting the origin of, ii. 435, 436. Analysis of its characters, 436, 437.

Passages of this drama illustrated in the present work.

Act i. scene 1., i. 252. 307. 409, ii. 178. scene 4., i. 82. Act ii. scene 1., i. 577. scene 2., ii. 134. Act iii. scene 3., i. 271. 577. ii. 94. 114. scene 5., ii. 132. Act iv. scene 2., i. 362. scene 5., ii. 117. 169. Act v. scene 5., i. 82. ii. 340. 341. 343. 347.

Metrical Romances, origin of, i. 522, 523.

Michael (St.) and All Angels, festival of, i. 334. Superstitious doctrine of the ministry of angels, 334-340. Michaelmas-geese, 340, 341.

Middleton (Christopher), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 693.

Middleton (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 693. Wrote several pieces for the stage, in conjunction with other dramatic poets, ii. 565. Estimate of his merits as a dramatist, 565, 566. Illustrations of his "Fair Quarrel," i. 224. And "No Wit, No Help like a Woman's," i. 226.

Midsummer-Eve, superstitious observances on, i. 328. Midsummer-Eve fire, of Pagan origin, ibid. 329. Fern-seed only visible on that eve, 329. Spirits visible of persons, who are to die in the following year, 330, 331. Recent observance of Midsummer-Eve in Cornwall, 331. Visionary appearance of future husbands and wives supposed to take place on this Eve, 332, 333. Plays and masques performed then, 333, 334.

Midsummer-Night's Dream, composed for Midsummer-Eve, i. 333, 334. Its probable date, ii. 298, 299. One of Shakspeare's earlier pieces, 299. Critical remarks on some of its characters, 300-302. And on the fairy mythology of this play, 302. 337-355. (See also the article "Fairies," in this Index.)

Passages of this drama illustrated in this work.

Act i. scene 1., i. 155. scene 2., ii. 221. Act ii. scene 1., i. 106. ii. 341. 343, 344. 349. scene 2., i. 308. 384. ii. 337, 338. 341, 342. 344. 354, 355. scene 3., ii. 341. 355. Act iii. scene 1., ii. 170. 341. 346. scene 2., i. 158. ii. 301. 354. Act iv. scene 1., i. 156. 284. 324. ii. 339. 352. scene 2., ii. 353. Act v. scene 2., i. 226. ii. 329. 346.

Milan Bells for hawks, notice of, i. 268, 269.

Milk Maids, procession of, on May-day, i. 155. note [155:A].

Milton's "Comus," illustration of, i. 131. Illustrations of "Paradise Lost," i. 339, 381. Proof that he imitated Shakspeare's Pericles, ii. 279, 280. note [279:C]. Exquisite passage from his "Paradise Lost," on the ministry of angels, 401. Ben Jonson the favourite model studied by Milton, 578, 579. Whether he and Shakspeare were acquainted with each other, 672.

Ministry of Angels, superstitious notions concerning, i. 334-339. Remarks of Bishop Horsley on, 339, 340.

Minstrels better paid than clergymen, i. 93. Their condition in the age of Elizabeth, 557. Their costume described, 558, 559. Dissolute morals of, 559, 560. Allusions to them by Shakspeare, 560, 561. Their profession annihilated by act of parliament, 561. Allusions to their poetry by Shakspeare, 574-593.

Miranda, remarks on the character of, ii. 506.

"Mirrour for Magistrates," a collection of poetical legends, planned by Sackville, i. 708. Account of its various editions, 709, 710. Its character, 710. Influence on our national poetry, ibid.

Monkies, kept as the companions of the domestic fool, ii. 145, 146.

Monsters, supposed existence of, i. 384-389.

Montgomery (Alexander), notice of the poems of, i. 693, and note.

Monument of Shakspeare, in Stratford church, described, ii. 618. Remarks on the bust erected on it, 619-622.

Moon, supposed influence of, i. 382-384. Exquisite picture of moonlight scenery, ii. 390.

Morality of Shakspeare's dramas, ii. 552.

Morgan (Mr.), vindicates Shakspeare from the calumnies of Voltaire, ii. 553, 554.

Morley's (Thomas), Collection of Madrigals, quotations from, illustrative of May-games, i. 165, 166. Account of his "Collections," 731-733.

Morris-dance, origin of, i. 157. Dress of the Morris-dancers, 158. Morris dances performed at Easter, i. 147. note. And especially at May-day, 158, 159. Music by which these dances were accompanied, 164, 165. Morris-dances introduced also at Whitsuntide, 175.

"Morte D'Arthur," a celebrated romance, account of, i. 524. Its popularity censured by Ascham and Meres, 524, 525. Notice of its principal editions, 526, 527. Specimen of its style, 528. Furnished Spenser with many incidents, 528, 529. Allusions to it by Shakspeare, 562.

Moseley (Mr.), discovers John Shakspeare's will, i. 9.

Moryson (Fynes), critical notice of his "Itinerary," i. 479. His character of "Amadis of Gaul," 546.

Much Ado about Nothing, date of, ii. 430. Strictures on its general character, and on the conduct of its fable, ibid. 431. Original of the character of Dogberry in this play, 589.

Passages of this drama illustrated in the present work.

Act i. scene 1., i. 308. scene 3., ii. 114. Act ii. scene 1., i. 540. 564. ii. 175. scene 3., i. 288. 472. ii. 92. Act iii. scene 1., i. 296. scene 2., i. 573. Act v. scene 2., i. 580.

Mufflers, an article of female dress in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 95.

Mulberry-tree, when planted by Shakspeare, ii. 599, 600. Cut down, ii. 584. note.

Mulcaster (Richard), notice of the grammatical labours of, i. 455.

Muncaster (Richard), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 693.

Munday (Anthony), notice of his Versions of "Palmerin of England," i. 547. "Palmerin d'Oliva," and "Historie of Palmendo," 548. List of his poems, 693, 694.

Murdered persons, blood of, supposed to flow on the touch or approach of the murderer, i. 372, 373.

Murray (David), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 694, and note.

Music of the Morris-dance and May-games, i. 164, 165. Description of the music of the fairies, ii. 342, and note. Shakspeare passionately fond of music, 390.

"Myrrour of Knighthood," a popular romance, alluded to by Shakspeare, i. 570.

Mythology of the ancients, a favourite study in the time of Elizabeth and James I., i. 419. Critical account of the fairy mythology of Shakspeare, ii. 302-337.

N

Name of Shakspeare, orthography of, ascertained, i. 17-20.

Nash (Thomas), "Quarternio" of, cited, i. 260-262. His quarrel with Harvey, 458. His books, why scarce, ibid. Character of him, 459. 486.

Nashe's "Choosing of Valentines" cited, i. 251.

Natural History, works on, translated in the time of Shakspeare, i. 485.

Needlework, admirable, of the ladies, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 146. and note, 153.

Newcastle, Easter amusements at, i. 149.

Newspapers, origin of, i. 506.

Newton (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 694.

Newton's "History of the Saracens," notice of, i. 476.

New-Year's Day, ceremonies observed on, i. 123. Presents usually made then, 124. Account of those made to Queen Elizabeth, 125, 126.

Nicholson (Samuel), a minor poet in the time of Shakspeare, i. 694.

Niccols (Richard), critical notice of the poetical works of, i. 637, 638. Additions to the "Mirrour for Magistrates," 709, 710.

Nightmare, poetical description of, i. 348, note. Supposed influence of St. Withold, against it, 347-349.

Nixon (Anthony), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 694.

Noises, sudden and fearful, supposed to be forerunners of death, i. 361.

Norden (John), notice of the topographical works of, i. 480, 481. And of his poetical productions, 694.

Novels (Italian), account of, translated in Shakspeare's time, i. 538-544. List of those most esteemed in the 15th and 16th centuries, 544, note.

Nutcrack Night, i. 341.

O

Oberon, the fairy king of Shakspeare, derivation of his name, ii. 337, note. Analysis of his character, 337-340.

Ockland's ΕΙΡΗΝΑΡΧΙΑ sive Elizabetha, a school-book in Shakspeare's time, account of, i. 26.

Omens, prevalence of, in Shakspeare's time, i. 349-351. Warnings of danger or death, 349-354. Dreams, 354. Demoniacal voices, 355. Corpse-candles, and tomb-fires, 358. Fiery and meteorous exhalations, 360. Sudden noises, 361, 362.

Ophelia, remarks on the affecting madness of, i. 589-591. And also on Hamlet's passion for her, ii. 394-396.

Ordinaries, account of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 134, 135.

Oriental romances, account of, i. 531-538. Allusions to them by Shakspeare, 568, 569.

Orthography of Shakspeare's name, i. 17-20. Instances of want of uniformity in, 19. note.

Othello, probable date of, ii. 527, 528. General remarks on this drama, 529. Vindication of it from the extraordinary criticism of Mr. Steevens, 529, 530. On the execution of the character of Othello, 530. Iago, 531. And Desdemona, ibid.

Passages of this tragedy illustrated in the present work.

Act i. scene 3., i. 385. ii. 155. Act ii. scene 3., i. 583. ii. 128. Act iii. scene 3., i. 270. scene 4., ii. 527. Act iv. scene 1., i. 389. Act v. scene 2., i. 384.

Overbury (Sir Thomas), the first writer of "Characters," i. 509. Character of his productions, ibid. Especially his poem on the choice of a wife, 510. Imitation of it, ibid. Notice of editions of it, 694, and note [694:D]. Mrs. Turner executed for his murder, ii. 96.

Owls, superstitious notions concerning, i. 393, 394.

P

Pageants, splendid, in the age of Shakspeare, account of, ii. 187-190. Allusions to them by the poet, 191-193.

Paint, used by the ladies in Shakspeare's time, ii. 95.

Palaces of Queen Elizabeth, account of the furniture of, ii. 111, 112.

"Palmerin d'Oliva," romance of, translated by Munday, i. 548. Alluded to by Shakspeare, 571.

"Palmerin of England," a popular romance, critical notice of, i. 547.

Palmistry, allusions to by Shakspeare, i. 363.

Pancake Bell, account of, i. 143. note.

Pancakes, the invariable accompaniment of Shrove-Tuesday, i. 141, 142.

"Paradyse of Daynty Devises," account of the different editions of, i. 711, 712. And of the different contributors to this collection of poems, 713-715.

Paris, fashions of, imported into England, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 94.

Park (Mr.), remarks of, on the style of our elder poetry, i. 719, 720.

Parish Tops, notice of, i. 312.

Parker (Archbishop), a collector of curious books, i. 433.

Parkes (William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 695.

Parnassus—"The Great Assizes holden in Parnassus," &c. cited, i. 19. note.

Parrot (Henry), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 695.

Partridge (John), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 695.

Pasche Eggs, given at Easter, i. 148.

Pasquinade of Shakspeare, on Sir Thomas Lucy, i. 405, 406.

Passing Bell, supposed benefit of tolling, i. 232, 233, 234.

Passions, exquisite delineations of, in Shakspeare's dramas, ii. 546-549.

"Passionate Pilgrim," a collection of Shakspeare's minor pieces, when first printed, ii. 41. Probable date of its composition, 42. An edition of this work published by Jaggard, without the poet's knowledge or consent, 43-45. Shakspeare vindicated from the charge of imposing on the public, in this edition, 45-48. Critical remarks on the Passionate Pilgrim, 49.

Pastoral romances, account of, i. 548-552.

Paul's (St.) Day, supposed influence of, on the weather, i. 323. and note.

Paul's Walk, a fashionable lounge in St. Paul's Cathedral, during the age of Shakspeare, ii. 182-185.

Pavin or Pavan, a fashionable dance in the time of Shakspeare, account of, ii. 173, 174.

Payne (Christopher), "Christmas Carrolles" of, i. 695.

Paynter's (William), "Pallace of Pleasure," a popular collection of romances, i. 541. Probable cause of its being discontinued, ibid. 542. Constantly referred to by Shakspeare, 542.

Peacham (Henry), a minor poet in the time of Shakspeare, i. 695.

Peacham's description of country-schoolmasters, i. 97, 98. Instruction on the best mode of keeping books, and on the best scite for a library, 436, 437. And on the choice of style, 447, 448.

Peacock Pies, anciently eaten at Christmas, i. 200.

Pearson (Alison), executed for supposed intercourse with fairies, ii. 318, 319.

Peasantry, or Boors, character of, in the age of Elizabeth, i. 120-122.

Peele (George), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 695, 696. Character of his dramatic productions, ii. 239, 240.

Peend (Thomas de la), a minor poet in the age of Shakspeare, i. 696.

Peg Tankard, origin of, i. 131. note. Explanation of terms borrowed from it, ibid.

Percy (Bishop), notice of his "Friar of Orders Grey," i. 579, 580. Ascribes Pericles to Shakspeare, ii. 265.

Percy (William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 696.

Perdita, remarks on the character of, in the Winter's Tale, ii. 499, 500.

Peri, or benevolent fairies of the Persians, notice of, ii. 302.

Periapts, a sort of spell, supposed influence of, i. 364.

Pericles, the first of Shakspeare's plays, ii. 262. Proofs, that the greater part, if not the whole of it, was his composition, 262, 263. 265, 266. Its omission in the first edition of his works, accounted for, 264. Its inequalities considered, 265-267. In what parts his genius may be traced, 268. Examination of the minor characters, 270, 271. Of the personage of Pericles, 272, 273. Admirable scene of his recognition of Marina, 274. And of his wife Thaisa, 275. Character of Marina, examined, 276-279. Strict justice of the moral, 279. This play imitated by Milton, ibid. note. Dryden's testimony to the genuineness and priority of Pericles, 281. Internal evidences to the same effect, 282. This play probably written in the year 1590, 282, 283. Objections to its priority considered and refuted, 285, 286. Probability of Mr. Steevens's conjecture that the hero of this drama was originally named Pyrocles, after the hero of Sidney's Arcadia, 283, 284.

Passages of this drama illustrated in the present work.

Act i. scene 2., ii. 272. Act ii. scene 1., ii. 273. scene 5., ii. 268, 269. notes. Act iii. scene 2., ii. 270, 271. scene 4., ii. 276. Act iv. scene 1., ii. 276, 277. scene 3., ii. 278. note. scene 6., ii. 278. Act v. scene 1., ii. 273, 274. 279. scene 3., ii. 275.

Periwigs, when introduced into England, ii. 93.

Petowe (Henry), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 696.

Pett (Peter), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 696.

Pewter, a costly article in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 118.

Phillip (John), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 696.

Phiston (William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 697.

"Phœnix Nest," a collection of poems, in the time of Elizabeth, critical notice of, i. 718-720.

Pictures, an article of furniture in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 119.

Pilgrimages made to wells, i. 393.

Pilpay, notice of the fables of, i. 533, 534.

Pipe and Tabor, the ancient accompaniment of the Morris-dance and May-games, i. 164, 165.

Plautus, the Menæchmi of, the basis of Shakspeare's Comedy of Errors, ii. 286-288.

Pits (John), the biographer, character of, i. 482.

Plague, ravages of, at Stratford, i. 24.

Plantain roots, why dug up on Midsummer Eve, i. 333.

Plat (Hugh), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 697.

Players (strolling), state of, in the sixteenth century, i. 248-250. Difference between them and licensed performers, 250. Exhibited at country fairs, 251. Companies of players, when first licensed, ii. 202. Placed under the direction of the Master of the Revels, 203. Patronized by the court, and also by private individuals, 205, 206. The amount of their remuneration, 204. Days and hours of their performance, 215. Concluded their performances always with prayers, 222, 223. How remunerated, 223, 224.

Play-bills, notice of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 214, 215.

Plays, number of, performed in one day, ii. 217. Amusements of the audience, prior to their commencement, 217-219. Disapprobation of them, how testified, 221, 222. Authors of, how rewarded, 224, 225. List of anonymous plays extant previously to the time of Shakspeare, 252, 253. Chronological list of his genuine plays, 261, 262. Observations on each, 263-534. (And see their respective titles in this Index.) Humorous remark of Mr. Steevens on the value and high price of the first edition of Shakspeare's plays, 535. note. Remarks on the spurious plays attributed to him, 536, 537.

Plough Monday, festival of, i. 136. Sports and customs usual at that season, 137.

"Poetical Rapsodie," a collection of poems of the age of Shakspeare, account of, i. 728-730.

Poets, list of, who were rewarded by English sovereigns, i. 514, 515. Table of English poets, classed according to the subjects of their muses, 734.

Poetry (English), notice of treatises on, during the age of Shakspeare, i. 461-470. Allusions to or quotations from the poetry of the minstrels, with remarks, 574-593. State of poetry (with the exception of the drama) during the time of Shakspeare, 594, et seq. Influence of superstition, literature, and romance on poetical genius, 595, 596. Versification, economy, and sentiment of the Elizabethan poetry, 597-599. Defects in the larger poems of this period, 599-601. Biographical and critical notices of the more eminent poets, 601-674. Table of miscellaneous minor poets, exhibiting their respective degrees of excellence, mediocrity, or worthlessness, 676-707. Critical notices of the collections of poetry, and poetical miscellanies, published during this period, 708-731. Brief view of dramatic poetry from the birth of Shakspeare to the year 1590, ii. 227-255.

Police of London, neglected in the time of Elizabeth, ii. 165. Regulations for it, 166.

"Polimanteia," or the means to judge of the fall of a commonwealth, bibliographical notice of, ii. 39. note [39:B].

Porta (Luigi da), the "Giuletta" of, the source of Romeo and Juliet, ii. 360-362.

Portuguese romances, account of, i. 545-548.

Possessed, charm for, i. 364.

Possets, prevalence of, in Shakspeare's time, i. 82.

Powder (sympathetic), marvellous effects ascribed to, i. 375, 376.

Powell (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 697.

Prayer Book of Queen Elizabeth, i. 432.

Pregnant women, supposed influence of fairies on, ii. 324.

Presents, anciently made on New-Year's Day, i. 124. Account of those made to Queen Elizabeth, 125, 126.

Preston (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 697. Character of his dramatic pieces, ii. 236, 237.

Prices of admission to the theatre, ii. 216, 217.

Pricket (Robert), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 697.

Primero, a fashionable game of cards in Shakspeare's time, how played, ii. 169.

Printing, observations on the style of, in Queen Elizabeth's reign, i. 437, 438.

Proctor (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 697. Notice of his "Gorgeous Gallery of Gallant Inventions," 715-717.

Prologues, how delivered in the time of Shakspeare, ii. 219.

Prose writers of the age of Shakspeare, observations on, i. 439-447. Causes of their defects, 448.

Prospero, analysis of the character of, ii. 505. 515.

Provisions, annual stock of, anciently laid in at fairs, i. 215.

Prudentius, passage of, supposed to have been imitated by Shakspeare, ii. 415.

Puck, or Robin Goodfellow, analysis of the character of, ii. 347. Probable source of it, 348-350. Description of his functions, 349, 350. Resemblance between Puck and the Cobali or benevolent elves of the Germans, 350. And to the Brownie of the Scotch, 351. Other functions of Puck, 352, 353.

Puppet-shows, origin of, i. 253.

Purchas's "Pilgrimage," critical notice of, i. 477.

Purgatory, Popish doctrine of, ii. 415, 416. Seized and employed by Shakspeare with admirable success, 416, 417. 455, 456.

Puritans opposition to May-games, ridiculed by Shakspeare, i. 171. By Ben Jonson, 172, 173. note. And Beaumont and Fletcher, 172.

Puttenham (George), remarks of, on the corruptions of the English language, i. 441. Critical notice of his "Arte of English Poesie," 465, 466. And of his smaller poems, 697. and note.

Q

Quarrelling reduced to a system in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 159.

Quiney (Mr. Thomas), married to Shakspeare's daughter Judith, ii. 609. Their issue, 610.

Quintaine, a rural sport in the sixteenth century, i. 300. Its origin, 301. Description of, 301-304.

"Quippes for upstart newfangled Gentlewomen," cited and illustrated, ii. 95, 98.

R

Race-horses, breeds of, highly esteemed, i. 298.

Raleigh (Sir Walter), improved the English language, i. 416, 417. Character of his "History of the World," 476. His "Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd," cited by Shakspeare, 578. Notice of his poetical pieces, 639. Remarks on them, ibid. 640. Estimate of his poetical character, 640-642.

Ramsey (Laurence), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 698.

Rankins (William), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 698.

Rape of Lucrece, a poem of Shakspeare's, when first printed, ii. 32. Dedicated to the Earl of Southampton, 3. Construction of its versification, 33. Probable sources whence Shakspeare derived his fable, ibid. Exquisite specimens of this poem, for their versification, descriptive, pathetic, and sublime excellences, 34-38. Complimentary notices of this poem by contemporaries of the poet, 38-40. Notice of its principal editions, 41.

Rapiers, extraordinary length of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 108, 109.

Ravenscroft (Thomas), hunting song preserved by, i. 277.

Reynolds (John), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 698.

Reed (Mr.), his Illustrations of Shakspeare cited, passim.

Register (parochial), of Stratford-upon-Avon, extracts from, i. 4. Births, marriages, and deaths of Shakspeare's children recorded there, 414, 415. note.

Remuneration of actors and dramatic poets in the time of Shakspeare, ii. 223-225.

Repartees of Shakspeare and Tarleton the comedian, i. 66. Ascribed to Shakspeare and Ben Jonson, ii. 593. note.

Rice (Richard), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 698.

Richard I. (King), why surnamed Cœur de Lion, i. 566, 567.

Richard II., probable date of, ii. 375, 376. Analysis of his character, 377, 378. Remarks on the secondary characters of this play, 378. Performed before the Earl of Southampton in 1601, ii. 10, 11. Illustration of act ii. scene 4. of this drama, i. 384.

Richard of Gloucester, exquisite portrait of, in Shakspeare's Henry VI. Part II., ii. 297.

Richard III., date of, ii. 370-372. Analysis of Richard's character, 373-375.

Illustrations of passages of this drama in the present work.

Act III, Scene 2 — , ii. 377. scene 3., ii. 377. Act v. scene 2., ii. 378. scene 3., i. 358

Rickets, singular cures of, i. 371, 372.

Rider (Bishop), an eminent philologer, notice of, i. 455.

Riding, art of, highly cultivated in the sixteenth century, i. 298. Instructions for, 299, 300.

Rings, fairy, allusions to, by Shakspeare, ii. 342, 343.

Robin Hood and his associates, when introduced in the gambols of May Day, i. 159. Account of them and their dresses, &c., 160-164.

Robin, why a favourite bird, i. 394, 395.

Robinson (Clement), critical notice of his "Handefull of Pleasant Delites," i. 717, 718.

Robinson's (Richard), "Auncient Order, &c. of the Round Table," account of, i. 562, 563., ii. 178-180. Notice of his poems, i. 698. and note [698:B].

Rock Day festival, account of, i. 135. Verses on, ibid., 136.

Rolland (John), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 698.

Roman literature, progress of, during the reign of Elizabeth, i. 454, 455. List of Roman classic authors translated into English in Shakspeare's time, 483.

Romances, list of popular ones in the age of Shakspeare, i. 519-522. Origin of the metrical romance, 522, 523. Anglo-Norman romances, 523-531. Oriental romances, 531-538. Italian romances, 538-544. Spanish and Portuguese romances, 545-548. Pastoral romances, 548-552. Influence of romance on the poetry of the Elizabethan age, 596. Observations on the romantic drama, ii. 539-541.

Romeo and Juliet, probable date of, ii. 356-358. Source whence Shakspeare derived his plot, considered, 359-361. Analysis of the characters of this drama, 362, 363. Eulogium on it by Schlegel, 363, 364.

Passages of this drama illustrated in the present work.

Act i. scene 3., i. 52. 436. ii. 356. scene 4., i. 368. ii. 118. 342. 347. 358. scene 5., ii. 116. Act ii. scene 1., i. 583. scene 2., i. 271. scene 4., i. 304. 583. note. ii. 116. Act iii. scene 1., i. 556. scene 2., i. 272. Act iv. scene 3., i. 374. scene 5., i. 240. 243. 583. note. ii. 170. Act v. scene 1., i. 355. scene 2., ii. 581. scene 3., ii. 107.

Roodsmass, procession of fairies at the festival of, ii. 322.

Rosemary strewed before the bride at marriages, i. 224.

Rosse (John), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 698.

Rous (Francis), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 699.

Rousillon (Countess), exquisite character of, ii. 423.

Rowe (Mr.), mistake of, concerning the priority of Shakspeare's birth, corrected, i. 4, 5. His conjecture concerning the trade of Shakspeare's father, 7. Disproved, ibid., note.

Rowena and Vortigern, anecdote of, i. 127, 128.

Rowland (Samuel), list of the poems of, i. 699, 700. and note [700:A].

Rowley (William), wrote several pieces in conjunction with Massinger and other dramatists, ii. 570. Estimate of his merits as a dramatic poet, ibid.

Ruddock, or red-breast, popular superstitions in favour of, i. 395.

Ruffs worn in the age of Elizabeth, account of, ii. 90. 95-97. 103.

Ruptures, singular remedies for, i. 371, 372.

Rushes, anciently strewed on floors, ii. 119, 120.

S

Sabie (Francis), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 700. and note [700:B].

Sack, a species of wine much used in the time of Shakspeare, ii. 130. Different kinds of, 131. The sack of Falstaff, what, ibid. 132. Sack and sugar much used, 132. And frequently adulterated, ibid.

Sackville (Thomas), Lord Buckhurst, character of the poetical works of, i. 642, 643. The model adopted by Spenser, 643. The "Myrrour for Magistrates," planned by him, 708. Character of his dramatic performances, ii. 230, 231.

Saker (Aug.), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 700.

Sampson (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 700.

Sandabar, an oriental philosopher, i. 531. Account of his "Book of the Seven Counsellors," ibid. Numerous versions of it, ibid., 532. English version exceedingly popular, 531. Scottish version, 532, 533.

Sandford (James), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 700.

Satires of Bishop Hall, remarks on, i. 628, 629.

Savile (Sir Henry), greatly promoted Greek literature, i. 453. Notice of his works, ibid., 454.

Scandinavian mythology of fairies, account of, ii. 308-312.

Schlegel (M.), eulogium of, on Shakspeare's Romeo and Juliet, ii. 363, 364. On his Cymbeline, 466, 467. Macbeth, 471-473. On the romantic drama of Shakspeare, 539, 540. And on his moral character, 614.

School-books, list of, in use in Shakspeare's time, i. 25. note. Account of those most probably used by him, 26-28. French and Italian grammars and dictionaries, 57.

Schoolmasters but little rewarded in Shakspeare's time, i. 27. note [27:A]. 94. In the sixteenth century were frequently conjurors, 95, 96. Picture of, by Shakspeare, 96. Their degraded character and ignorance in his time, 97.

Scoloker (Anthony), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 700.

Scot (Reginald), account of the doctrine of angelic hierarchy and ministry, i. 337, 338. On the prevalence of omens, 349, 350. Recipe for fixing an ass's head on human shoulders, ii. 351. note. His account of the supposed prevalency of witchcraft in the time of Shakspeare, 475. And of the persons who were supposed to be witches, 478-480. And of their wonderful feats, 481, 482.

Scot (Gregory), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 700.

Scott (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 700. and note [700:D]. 701. and note [701:A].

Scott (Mr. Walter), beautiful picture of Christmas festivities, i. 207, 208. Picture of rustic superstition, 322, 323. Illustrations of his Lady of the Lake, i. 356-358. Causes of his poetical excellence, 600, 601.

Scottish farmers, state of, in the sixteenth century, i. 118. Late wakes of the Highlanders described, 234-236. Thanksgivings offered by them on getting in the harvest, 341. Account of the Scottish system of fairy mythology, ii. 314-336.

Sculpture highly valued by Shakspeare, ii. 617, 618.

Seed-cake, a rural feast-day in the time of Elizabeth, i. 190.

Selden (John), notice of his Commentary on Drayton, i. 471.

Sentiment of the Elizabethan poetry considered, i. 598, 599.

Servants, pursuits, diet, &c. of, in the time of Shakspeare, i. 113-115. Benefices bestowed on them in the reign of Elizabeth, 92. Their dress, ii. 138. Regulations for, 139, 140. Prohibited from entering the kitchen till summoned by the cook, 143. Were corrected by their mistresses, 153.

"Seven Champions of Christendome," a popular romance in Shakspeare's time, account of, i. 529, 530.

"Seven Wise Masters," a popular romance of Indian origin, i. 531. Notice of its different translations, ibid., 532. Translated into Scottish rhyme, 533.

Sewell (Dr.), conjecture of, respecting Shakspeare's sonnets, ii. 59.

Shakspeare Family, account of, i. 1. Supposed grant of arms to, ibid. Examination of the orthography of their name, 17-20.

Shakspeare (Edmund), a brother of the poet, buried in St. Saviour's Church, i. 416. ii. 598.

Shakspeare (Mrs.), wife of the poet, epitaph on, ii. 631. note. His bequests to her, 631. Remarks on it, 613.

Shakspeare (John), father of the poet, supposed grant of property and arms to, i. 1. Account of, 2. Arms confirmed to him, ibid. His marriage, 3. List of children ascribed to him in the baptismal register of Stratford-upon-Avon, 4. Correction of Mr. Rowe's mistakes on this point, 5. Declines in his circumstances and is dismissed from the corporation, 6, 7. Supposed to have been a wool-stapler, 7. 34. But not a butcher, 36. Discovery of his confession of faith or will, 8. Copy of his will, 9-14. Its authenticity doubted by Mr. Malone, 15. Supported by Mr. Chalmers, ibid. Circumstances in favour of its authenticity, 16. John Shakspeare probably a Roman Catholic, ibid. His death, ibid. ii. 590.

Shakspeare (William), birth of, i. 1. Description of the house where he was born, 21, 22. His chair purchased by the Princess Czartoryska, 22, 23. Escapes the plague, 24. Educated for a short time at the free-school of Stratford, 25. Account of school-books probably used by him, 26, 27. Taken from school, in consequence of his father's poverty, 28. Probable extent of his acquirements as a scholar, 29-33. On leaving school, followed his father's trade as a wool-stapler, and probably also as a butcher, 34. Proofs of this, 35, 36. Probably present, in his twelfth-year, at Kenelworth Castle, at the time of Queen Elizabeth's visit there, 37, 38. Probably employed in some attorney's office, 43-47. and notes, 48. Whether he ever was a school-master, 45. Anecdote of him at Bidford, 48, 49. Whether and when he acquired his knowledge of French and Italian, 53, 54. Probable that he was acquainted with French, 55, 56. And Italian, 56, 57. Probable estimate of his real literary acquirements, 57, 58. His courting-chair, still in existence, 61. Marries Anne Hathaway, 59. 62, 63. Birth of his eldest daughter, 64. And of twins, 65. Repartee of Shakspeare, ibid. 66. He becomes acquainted with dissipated young men, 401. Caught in the act of deer-stealing, 402. Confined in Daisy Park, 403. Pasquinades Sir Thomas Lucy, 404-406. 409. By whom he is prosecuted, 407, 408. Is obliged to quit Stratford, 410. And departs for London, 411, 412. Visits his family occasionally, 414. Was known to Heminge, Burbadge, and Greene, 417. Introduced to the stage, 419. Though with reluctance, ii. 582. Was not employed as a waiter or horse-keeper at the play-house door, i. 519. Esteemed as an actor, 421, 422. Proofs of his skill in the histrionic art, 423. Performed the character of Adam in his own play of As You Like It, 424. Appeared also in kingly parts, 425. Excelled in second rate characters, ibid. Struggles of Shakspeare with adversity, ii. 583. Loses his only son, 584. Purchases a house in Stratford, ibid. History of its fate, 584, note. His acquaintance with Ben Jonson, 585-587. Improbability of his ever having visited Scotland, 587, 588. Annually visited Stratford, 589. Receives many marks of favour from Queen Elizabeth, 590. Obtains a licence for his theatre, 591. Purchases lands in Stratford, 591. And quits the stage as an actor, 591. Forms a club of wits with Ben Jonson and others, 592. Flatters James I. who honoured him with a letter of acknowledgement, 593. The story of Shakspeare's quarrel with Ben Jonson, disproved, 595-598. and notes. Birth of his grand-daughter Elizabeth, 599. Planted the celebrated Mulberry Tree in 1609, 599, 600. Purchases a tenement in Blackfriars, 601. And prepares to retire from London, 601, 602.

Account of Shakspeare in retirement, ii. 603. Origin of his satirical epitaph on Mr. Combe, ii. 604-606. His epitaph on Sir Thomas Stanley, 606, 607. And on Elias James, 607, note. Negociations between Shakspeare and some of his townsmen relative to the inclosure of some land in the vicinity of Stratford, 608, 609. Marries his youngest daughter to Mr. Thomas Quincey, 609. Makes his will, 610. His death, 611. Funeral, 612. Copy of his will, 627-632. Observations on it, 612-614. And on the disposition and moral character of Shakspeare, 614. Universally beloved, 615. His exquisite taste for all the forms of beauty, 616, 617. Remarks on the monument erected to his memory, 618-620. And on the engraving of him prefixed to the folio edition of his plays, 622-624.

Account of Shakspeare's commencement of poetry, i. 426. Probable date of his Venus and Adonis, 426, 427. Proofs of his acquaintance with the grammatical and rhetorical writers of his age, 472-474. With the historical writers then extant, 484. With Batman's "Bartholome de Proprietatibus Rerum," 485. With the Facetiæ published in his time, 516, 517. And with all the eminent romances then in print, 562-573. And with the minstrel-poetry of his age, 574-593. Dedicates his Venus and Adonis, and Rape of Lucrece, to the Earl of Southampton, ii. 3. Analysis of this poem, with remarks, 21-32. Analysis of the Rape of Lucrece, 33-37. Intimate knowledge of the human heart displayed by Shakspeare, 38. Account of his "Passionate Pilgrim," 41-49. Elegant allusions of Shakspeare to his own age, in his Sonnets, 50-52. Critical account of his Sonnets, 53-82. 84-86. And of his Lover's Complaint, 82-84. Licence to Shakspeare for the Globe Theatre, 207. Probable amount of his income, 225. And of his obligations to his dramatic predecessors, 253-255.

The commencement of Shakspeare's dramatic career, considered and ascertained, ii. 256-260. Chronological Table of the order of his genuine plays, 261. Observations on them. 262-534. (And see their respective Titles in this Index.) Remarks on the spurious pieces attributed to Shakspeare, 536, 537. Whether he assisted other poets in their dramatic composition, 537, 538. Considerations on the genius of Shakspeare's drama, 538-541. On its conduct, 541-544. Characters, 545. Passions, 546-549. Comic painting, 550. And imaginative powers, 551. Morality, 552. Vindication of his character from the calumnies of Voltaire, 552-554. Popularity of Shakspeare's dramas in Germany, 554. Reprinted in America, 555.

Shakspeare (Judith), youngest daughter of the poet, birth of, i. 65. Her marriage, ii. 609. And issue, 610. His bequests to her, and her children, 627-629.

Shakspeare (Susannah), eldest child of the poet, birth of, i. 64. Marriage of, to Dr. Hall, ii. 598, 599. Her father's bequests to her, 630, 631. Why her father's favourite, 613. Probable cause of his leaving her the larger portion of his property, 614.

Sheep-shearing Feast, how celebrated, i. 181. Description of, by Tusser, 182. By Drayton, ibid. Allusions to, by Shakspeare, 183-185.

Shepherd King, elected at sheep-shearing, i. 181. 184. note.

Shepherd (S.), commendatory verses of, on Shakspeare's Rape of Lucrece, ii. 40. On his Pericles, 263.

Ship-tire, an article of head-dress, notice of, ii. 91.

Shirley's Play, the "Lady of Pleasure," illustrated, Act i., i. 179.

Shivering (sudden), superstitious notion concerning, i. 375.

Shoes, fashion of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 98. 105, 106.

Shot-proof waistcoat, charm for, i. 364.

Shottery, cottage of the Hathaways at, still in existence, i. 61.

Shovel-board, or Shuffle-board, account of, i. 306. Mode of playing at, 306, 307. Its origin and date, 307.

Shove-Groat, a game, notice of, i. 307, 308.

Shrewsbury (Countess of), termagant conduct of, ii. 153.

Shrove Tuesday or Shrove Tide, origin of the term, i. 141. Observances on that festival, 142. Threshing the hen, ibid. Throwing at cocks, 144, 145.

Shylock, analysis of the character of, ii. 384, 385.

Sidney or Sydney (Sir Philip), biographical notice of, i. 652. Satire of, on the affected style of some of his contemporaries, i. 444, 445. Notice of his "Defence of Poesie," 467. Critical account of his "Arcadia," 548-552. Alluded to by Shakspeare, 573, 574. Remarks on his poetical pieces, 652, 653. Particularly on his Sonnets, ii. 54. The Pyrocles of his Arcadia, probably the original name of Shakspeare's Pericles, 283.

Sign-posts, costly, of ancient inns, i. 217.

Silk-Manufactures, encouraged by James I., ii. 600.

Silk Stockings, first worn by Queen Elizabeth, ii. 98.

Similes, exquisite, in Shakspeare's Venus and Adonis, ii. 26.

Sir, title of, anciently given to clergymen, i. 88-90.

Sly, remarks on the character of, in the Taming of the Shrew, ii. 365.

Smith (Sir Thomas), greatly promoted Greek and English literature, i. 453.

Snuff-taking and Snuff-boxes, when introduced into England, ii. 137.

Sommers (Sir George), shipwreck of, ii. 503, 504.

Songs (early English), notice of a curious collection of, i. 574-576. Quotations from, and allusions to the most popular of them, by Shakspeare, with illustrative remarks, 577-593.

Sonnet, introduced into England from Italy, ii. 53. Brief notice of the sonnets of Wyat, ibid. Elegant specimen from those of the Earl of Surrey, ibid. Notice of the Sonnets of Watson, i. 66. ii. 54. Of Sir Philip Sidney, ibid. Of Daniel, 55. Of Constable, ibid. Of Spencer, ibid. Of Drayton, 56. And of other minor poets, ibid. Beautiful sonnet, addressed to Lady Drake, i. 621. An exquisite one from Shakspeare's Passionate Pilgrim, ii. 49. On a kiss, by Sidney, 54.

Sonnets of Shakspeare, when first published, ii. 50. Probable dates of their composition, ibid. 51. Daniel's manner chiefly copied by Shakspeare, in the structure of his sonnets, 57, 58. 77. Discussion of the question to whom they were addressed, 58-60. Proofs that they were principally addressed to the Earl of Southampton, 62-73. Vindication of Shakspeare's sonnets from the charge of affectation or pedantry, 75. 80. Circumlocutory they are to a certain extent, 76. But this less the fault of Shakspeare than of his subject, ibid. 77. Specimens, illustrating the structure and versification of Shakspeare's sonnets, with remarks, 77-82. Vindication of them from the hyper-criticism of Mr. Steevens, 60. 74. 84-86.

Soothern (John), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 701. and note [701:B].

Southampton, (Earl of), See Wriothesly.

Southey's (Mr.), translation of "Amadis of Gaul," notice of, i. 546.

Southwell (Robert), biographical notice of, i. 643, 644. List of his poetical works, with critical remarks, 644, 645.

Spanish romances, account of, i. 545-548. Allusions to them by Shakspeare, 570, 571.

Spectral Impressions, probable causes of, philosophically considered, ii. 406-408. Singular instance of a supposed spectral impression, 407. note. See Spirits.

Speed's "History of Great Britain," character of, i. 476.

Spells, account of, on Midsummer-Eve, i. 331-333. On All-Hallows-Eve, 344-347. Supposed influence of, 362-365.

Spenser's "English Poet," notice of, i. 463. Critical notice of, commentary on his "Shepheards Calender," 471. Many incidents of his "Faerie Queene" borrowed from the romance of "La Morte d'Arthur," 529. And from "The Seven Champions of Christendom," ibid. Sackville's "Induction" the model of his allegorical pictures, 643. Critical remarks on his "Shepheard's Calendar," 644. And on his "Faerie Queene," 644-647. The portrait prefixed to his works, probably spurious, 649. note. Critical notice of his, "Amoretti," a collection of sonnets, ii. 55, 56. Beautiful quotation from his "Faerie Queene" on the agency of Spirits, 400, 401. Admirable description of a witch's abode, 480.

Spirits, different orders of, introduced into the Tempest, ii. 521-526. Critical analysis of the received doctrine in Shakspeare's time, respecting the supposed agency of angelic spirits, 399-405. And of its application to the introduction of the ghost in Hamlet, 407-416. Superiority of Shakspeare's spirits over those introduced by all other dramatists, ancient or modern, 417, 418.

Spoons, anciently given by godfathers to their godchildren, ii. 230, 231.

Sports (Rural), in the age of Shakspeare, Enumeration of, i. 246, 247. Cotswold Games, 252-254. Hawking, 255. Hunting, 272. Fowling, 287. Bird-batting, 289. Horse-racing, 297. The Quintaine, 300. Wild Goose Chace, 304. Hurling, 305. Shovel-board, 306. Shove-groat, 307, 308. Juvenile sports, 308. Barley-Breake, 309. Parish Whipping-top, 312.

Spurs, prohibited in St. Paul's Cathedral, during divine service, ii. 185.

"Squire of Low Degree," allusions to the romance of, i. 567.

Stag-hunting, description of, in the time of Shakspeare, i. 276-280. Ceremony of cutting up, 280, 281. Part of, given to the ravens, 281. Beautiful picture of a hunted stag, 403.

Stage, state of, in the time of Shakspeare, ii. 201-206. Resorted to by him, on his coming to London, i. 419. Employed in what capacity there, ibid. 420. Esteemed there as an actor, 421, 422. Proofs of his skill in the management of the stage, 423. Excelled in second-rate parts, 425. Divisions of the stage, in Shakspeare's time, ii. 214-215. Was generally strewed with rushes, 217. Its decorations, 218.

Stalking-horses, account of, and of their uses, i. 287, 288.

Stanyhurst's (Richard), translation of Virgil, i. 701. Strictures on, ibid. note [701:C].

Starch, use of, when introduced into England, ii. 96. Dyed of various colours, ib.

Steevens (Mr.), his "Illustrations of Shakspeare," cited, passim. Remarks of, on Shakspeare's Sonnets, ii. 60. 74-76. 84-86. Ascribes Pericles to Shakspeare, 265. Probability of his conjecture, that Pericles was originally named Pyrocles, after the hero of Sidney's "Arcadia," 283, 284. His opinion that the Comedy of Errors was not wholly Shakspeare's, controverted and disproved, 287, 288. Remarks on his flippant censure of Shakspeare's love of music, 390. His opinion on the date of Timon of Athens, 446. Humorous remarks of, on the value and price of the first edition of Shakspeare, 535. note.

Still (Bishop), character of, as a dramatic writer, ii. 232, 233.

Stirling (William Alexander, Earl of), biographical notice of, i. 649. Critical notice of his "Aurora," a collection of sonnets, 650. Of his "Dooms-day," 651. And of his other poems, ib.

Stockings, fashions of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 105. Silk stockings first worn by Queen Elizabeth, 98.

Stomacher, an article of female dress, notice of, ii. 90.

Stones, extraordinary virtues ascribed to, i. 366. 369, 370. Particularly the Turquoise stone, 366, 367. Belemnites, 367. Bezoar, ibid. Agate, 368.

Storer (Thomas), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 702.

Stowe's "History of London," notice of, i. 480.

Stratford-upon-Avon, the native place of William Shakspeare, i. 1. His father a member and officer of the corporation of, 2. Dismissed from it, 6. Probable causes of such dismission, ibid. 7. Extract from the baptismal register of the parish, 4. Description of the house there, where Shakspeare was born, 21, 22. Ravages of the plague there, 24. Visited by Mr. Betterton, for information concerning Shakspeare, 34. Allusions to scenery, and places in its vicinity, 50, 51. Quitted by Shakspeare, 410-416. Whose family continued there, 412. New Place, purchased there by Shakspeare, ii. 584. History of its demolition, ib. note. Additional land purchased there by the poet, 591. And also tithes, 594. Proceedings relative to the inclosure of land there, by Shakspeare, 608, 609. Description of his monument and epitaph, in Stratford church, 618, 619. Remarks on his monumental bust, 619-622.

Strolling Players, condition of, in the age of Shakspeare, i. 247-252.

Strutt (Mr.), accurate description by, of May-day and its amusements i. 167-171. Of Midsummer-eve superstitions, 332.

Stubbes (Philip), account of his "Anatomie of Abuses," i. 501. Extreme rarity of his book, ibid. Quotations from, against Whitsun and other ales, i. 179. On the neglect of "Fox's Book of Martyrs," 502. General character of his book, ibid. His "View of Vanitie," 702. Philippic against masques, ii. 95. And ruffs, 96, 97.

Sturbridge Fair, account of, i. 215, 216.

Summer's "Last Will and Testament," illustration of, i. 106.

Sun, beautiful description of, in its course, ii. 77.

Superstitions of the 16th century, remarks on, i. 314, 315. Sprites and goblins, 316. 321, 322. Ghosts and apparitions, 320. Prognostications of the weather from particular days, 323. Rites of lovers on St. Valentine's Day, 324. On Midsummer-Eve, 329. Michaelmas, 334. All-Hallow-Eve, 341. Superstitious cures for the night-mare, 347. Omens and prodigies, 351. Demoniacal voices and shrieks, 355. Fiery and meteorous exhalations, 360. Sudden noises, 361. Charms and spells, 362. Cures, preventatives and sympathies, 366. Stroking for the king's evil, 370. Sympathetic powders, 375. Miscellaneous superstitions, 377-400. Influence of superstition on the poetry of the Elizabethan age, 595, 596. Account of the fairy superstitions of the East, ii. 302, 303. Of the Gothic and Scandinavian fairy superstitions, 304-312. And of the fairy superstition prevalent in Scotland, 314-336. The fairy superstition of Shakspeare, of Scottish origin, 336, 337. Account of the superstitious notions then current respecting witches and witchcraft, 474-489.

Suppers of country gentlemen, in Shakspeare's time, i. 81.

Suppertasse, a species of female dress, notice of, ii. 96.

Surrey (Earl of), quoted and illustrated, i. 380. Character of his "Sonnets," with an exquisite specimen, ii. 53.

Svegder (King of Sweden), fabulous anecdotes of, ii. 305.

Swart-Elves, or malignant fairies of the Scandinavians, account of, ii. 309, 310. Their supposed residence, 311, 312.

Swearing, prevalence of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 160.

"Sweet Swan of Avon," an appellation given to Shakspeare by his contemporaries, i. 415.

Swithin (St.), supposed influence of, on the weather, i. 328. And on the night-mare, 349.

Sword-dance on Plough-Monday, notice of, i. 137.

Sydney. See Sidney (Sir Philip).

Sylvester (Joshua), furnished Milton with the prima stamina of his "Paradise Lost," i. 653. Poetical works of, 653. Specimen of them, with remarks, 654.

Sympathies, extraordinary, accounts of, i. 372-376.

T

Tables, a species of gambling in Shakspeare's time, notice of, ii. 171.

Tables, form of, in the age of Shakspeare, ii. 118.

Tales, relation of, a favourite amusement, i. 107.

Taming of the Shrew, probable date of, ii. 364. Source of its fable, 364, 365. Remarks on the character of Sly, 365. And on the general character of the play, 366.

Passages of this drama illustrated in the present work.

The Induction, scene 1., i. 248, 249. Act i. scene 1., i. 556. scene 2., i. 50, 176. scene 3., i. 581. Act ii. scene 1., i. 69. ii. 117, 118. scene 2., i. 225. Act iv. scene 1., i. 271. 581. ii. 118. 138. 143.

Tansy Cakes, why given at Easter, i. 147.

Tapestry Hangings, allusions to, by Shakspeare, ii. 114, 115.

Tarlton (Richard), the comedian, repartee of, i. 66. His influence over Queen Elizabeth, 702. note [702:D]. Notice of his poems, 702. Plan of his "Seven Deadlie Sins," a composite drama, ii. 229.

Tarquin, beautiful soliloquy of, ii. 35.

Tasso's "Jerusalem Delivered," translated by Fairefax, notice of, i. 619.

Tatham's (J.), censure of Shakspeare's Pericles, ii. 263.

Taverner's (John), "Certain Experiments concerning Fish and Fruit," notice of, i. 291. and note.

Taverns, description of, in Shakspeare's time, i. 218. List of the most eminent taverns, ii. 133. Account of their accommodations, 134, 135.

Taylor (John), a minor poet of the age of Shakspeare, i. 703.

Tempest, conjectures on the probable date of, ii. 500. 502. 504. Sources whence Shakspeare drew his materials for this drama, 503. Critical analysis of its characters: Prospero, 505. 515. Miranda, 506. Ariel, 506, 522, 525. Caliban, 506. 523. 525. Remarks on the notions prevalent in Shakspeare's time respecting magic, 507-514. Application of magical machinery to the Tempest, 515-526. Superior skill of Shakspeare in this adaptation, 527.

Passages of this drama illustrated in the present work.

Act i. scene 1., ii. 525. scene 2., i. 358. 386. ii. 506. 516. 522, 523. 525. Act ii. scene 1., i. 576. scene 2., i. 383. ii. 155. 524. Act iii. scene 1., ii. 517. scene 2., ii. 517. 524. scene 3., i. 252. 385. ii. 156. scene 4., ii. 526. Act iv. scene 1., i. 377, 378. 400. ii. 192, 193. 517. 524. Act v. scene 1., ii. 341, 342. 344. 505. 516. 525, 526.

Theatre, the first, when erected, ii. 203. List of the principal play-houses during the age of Shakspeare, 206. Licence to him for the Globe Theatre, from James I., 207. Account of it, 208. And of the theatre in Blackfriars, 209. Interior economy of the theatre in Shakspeare's time, 210. Divisions of the stage, 211-214. Hours and days of acting, 215, 216. Prices of admission, 216. Number of plays performed in one day, 217. Amusements of the audience previously to the commencement of plays, 217-219. Tragedies, how performed, 220. Wardrobe of the theatres, ibid. Female characters personated by men or boys, 221. Plays, how censured, ibid. 222.

Thomson's "Winter," quoted, i. 321.

Threshing the Hen, custom of, explained, i. 142.

Tilting at the Ring, and in the water, description of, i. 555. Allusions to this sport by Shakspeare, 556.

Time, effects of, exquisitely portrayed by Shakspeare, ii. 78.

Timon of Athens, probable date of, ii. 446, 447. Analysis of his character, 448-452.

Passages of this drama illustrated in this work.