Copyright in Japan

Prefatory Note

Copyright Office, Washington, D. C., October 15, 1906.

The first treaty of the United States dealing exclusively with copyright was negotiated with Japan in 1905–6 and ratified by the Senate on February 28, 1906. This treaty provides that the subjects or citizens of each of the countries shall enjoy in the dominions of the other the protection of copyright for works of literature and art, including photographs, on the same basis on which protection is granted to the subjects or citizens of the other country. It is specially provided, however, that this protection shall not include the exclusive right of translation.

The full text of this convention is here printed, together with the Copyright Law of Japan now in force (the act of March 3, 1899); while the earlier copyright laws of Japan are appended, and a bibliographical list of all the copyright laws of that country is prefixed.

Various sources have been utilized for the text of these laws, but the larger number have been translated in the Copyright Office from the compilation printed in Tokio, in French, entitled “Collection de la législation sur les droits d’auteur au Japon.” By the courtesy of the Japanese Ambassador a translation was obtained of the Ordinance No. 26 of the Japanese department of home affairs of June 28, 1899.

Thorvald Solberg, Register of Copyrights.

Herbert Putnam, Librarian of Congress.

Copyright in Japan.

List of Copyright Laws.

1869 (May 13). Règlement sur la publication des ouvrages du 13e jour du 5e mois de la 2e année de Meiji. [Regulation for the publication of works, of the 13th day of the 5th month of the 2d year of Meiji, May 13, 1869.] In “Collection de la législation sur les droits d’auteur au Japon.” 8°. Tokyo, 1903, pp. 1–6.

1872 (Jan. 13). Règlement sur la publication des ouvrages de la 5me année de Meiji. [Law on the publication of works, of the 5th year of Meiji, January 13, 1872.] In “Collection de la législation sur les droits d’auteur au Japon.” 8°. Tokyo, 1903, pp. 6–11.

1875 (Sept. 13). Loi sur la publication des ouvrages du 13e jour du 9e mois de la 8e année de Meiji. [Law on the publication of works, of the 13th day of the 9th month of the 8th year of Meiji, Sept. 13, 1875.] In “Collection de la législation sur les droits d’auteur au Japon.” 8°. Tokyo, 1903, pp. 12–27.

1876 (June 17). [Règlement relatif au droit de propriété sur les photographies du 17e jour du 6e mois de la 9e année de Meiji. [Law in regard to copyright in photographs, of the 17th day of the 6th month of the 9th year of Meiji, June 17, 1876.] In “Collection de la législation sur les droits d’auteur au Japon.” 8°. Tokyo, 1903, pp. 28–31.

1887 (Dec. 28). Ordonnance impériale (no. 77) sur les droits de propriété des auteurs. [Imperial Ordinance no. 77 on copyright. December 28, 1887.] In “Collection de la législation sur les droits d’auteur au Japon.” 8°. Tokyo, 1903, pp. 31–42. In “Chronique du Journal général de l’imprimerie et de la librairie.” 77° année, 2e série. 8°. Paris, D. Dumoulin et Cie, 1888, pp. 125–127. In “Lois françaises et étrangères sur la propriété littéraire et artistique, par Ch. Lyon-Caen et Paul Delalain.” v. 2. 8°. Paris, F. Pichon, 1889, pp. 7–14.

Same. English text. In “The Law of copyright. By W. A. Copinger.” 3d ed. 8°. London, Stevens & Haynes, 1893, pp. 804–810.

1887 (Dec. 28). Ordonnance impériale (no. 78) relative aux ouvrages dramatiques et aux compositions musicales. [Imperial Ordinance no. 78 relating to dramatic works and musical compositions. December 28, 1887.] In “Collection de la législation sur les droits d’auteur au Japon.” 8°. Tokyo, 1903, pp. 42–43. In “Chronique du Journal général de l’imprimerie et de la librairie.” 77e année, 2e série. 8°. Paris, D. Dumoulin et Cie, 1888, pp. 127–128. In “Lois françaises et étrangères sur la propriété littéraire et artistique, par Ch. Lyon-Caen et Paul Delalain.” v. 2. 8°. Paris, F. Pichon, 1889, pp. 14–15.

Same. English text. In “The Law of copyright. By W. A. Copinger.” 3d ed. 8°. London, Stevens & Haynes, 1893, p. 810.

1887 (Dec. 28). Ordonnance impériale (no. 79) relative au droit de propriété sur les photographies. [Imperial Ordinance no. 79 relating to copyright in photographs. December 28, 1887.] In “Collection de la législation sur les droits d’auteur au Japon.” 8°. Toyko, 1903, pp. 44–47. In “Chronique du Journal général de l’imprimerie et de la librairie.” 77e année, 2e série. 8°. Paris, D. Dumoulin et Cie, 1888, p. 128. In “Lois françaises et étrangères sur la propriété littéraire et artistique, par Ch. Lyon-Caen et Paul Delalain.” v. 2. 8°. Paris, F. Pichon, 1889, pp. 15–17.

Same. English text. In “The Law of copyright. By W. A. Copinger.” 3d ed. 8°. London, Stevens & Haynes, 1893, pp. 810–812.

1893 (Apr. 24). Loi (no. 16) sur les droits de propriété des auteurs du 24me jour du 4me mois de la 26me année de Meiji. [Law (no. 16) on copyright, of the 24th day of the 4th month of the 26th year of Meiji, April 24, 1893.] In “Collection de la législation sur les droits d’auteur au Japon.” 8°. Tokyo, 1903, pp. 47–59.

1899 (Mar. 3). Loi sur le droit d’auteur. (Le 3e mars de la 32me année de Meiji.) [Copyright law, 32d year of Meiji, March 3, 1899.] In “Collection de la législation sur les droits d’auteur au Japon.” 8°. Tokyo, 1903, pp. 60–76. In “Bibliographie de la France. Journal général de l’imprimerie et de la librairie. II. Chronique.” 88e année, 2e série. 8°. Paris, D. Dumoulin et Cie., 1899, pp. 211–212, 215–216. In “Le Droit d’auteur.” 12e année, 1899. 4°. Berne, no. 12, 15 décembre 1899, pp. 141–144.

Same. English text. In “The Law of copyright. By W. A. Copinger.” 4th ed. 8°. London, Stevens & Haynes, 1904, pp. 676–682. In “Advance sheets of Consular reports.” 8°. [Washington], no. 415, May 2, 1899, pp. 4–8.

Same. German text. In “Gesetze über das Urheberrecht in allen Ländern. 2te Auf., durchgesehen von Prof. Ernst Röthlisberger.” 8°. Leipzig, G. Hedeler, 1902, pp. 142–148.

1899 (June 27). Ordonnance impériale no. 314 concernant le régime transitoire de la loi du 3 mars 1899 sur les droits d’auteur. (Du 27 juin 1899.) [Imperial Ordinance no. 314 concerning the transitory provisions of the law of March 3, 1899, on copyright. June 27, 1899.] In “Le Droit d’auteur.” 15e année, 1902. 4°. Berne, no. 10, 15 octobre 1902, pp. 109–110.

1899 (June 28). Arrêté no. 26 du ministère de l’intérieur concernant les demandes d’estampillage et les déclarations prévues par l’ordonnance no. 314 de 1899. (Du 28 juin 1899.) [Ordinance no. 26 of the Department of Home Affairs with reference to applications for stamping and declarations to be made in accordance with Imperial Ordinance no. 314 of 1899. June 28, 1899. Translation supplied by the Japanese ambassador.]

1899 (June 28). Arrêté no. 27 du ministère de l’intérieur concernant l’édition ou la représentation d’œuvres d’auteurs inconnus. (Du 28 juin 1899.) [Ordinance no. 27 of the Department of Home Affairs concerning the publication or representation of works of unknown authors, June 28, 1899.] In “Le Droit d’auteur.” 15e année, 1902. 4°. Berne, no. 10, 15 octobre 1902, p. 110.

1899 (June 28). Arrêté no. 28 du ministère de l’intérieur concernant l’enregistrement des droits d’auteur. (Du 28 juin 1899.) [Ordinance no. 28 of the Department of Home Affairs concerning registration of copyright, June 28, 1899.] In “Le Droit d’auteur.” 15e année, 1902. 4°. Berne, no. 10, 15 octobre 1902, pp. 110–111.

1906 (May 10). Copyright convention between the United States and Japan. Signed at Tokio November 10, 1905. Ratification advised by the Senate February 28, 1906. Ratified by the President March 7, 1906. Ratified by Japan April 28, 1906. Ratifications exchanged at Tokio May 10, 1906. Proclaimed May 17, 1906.

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Copyright Law in Force.

[March 3, 1899, 32d year of Méiji.]

Chapter | III.—Nature and extent of copyright.

Chapter | III.—Infringement.

Chapter | III.—Penalties.

Chapter | III.—Additional provisions.

Chapter I.—Nature and extent of copyright

Art. 1. The authors of writings, lectures, paintings, drawings, sculptures, plastic works, photographs, and other works in the domain of literature, of science or the arts have the exclusive right to reproduce them.

The copyright in a literary or scientific production includes the right of translation, and the copyright in a dramatic or musical composition includes the right of performance or representation.

Art. 2. Copyright is transferable.

Art. 3. The copyright in a work which has been published, represented or performed shall endure during the life of the author and for thirty years after his death.

The copyright in a work composed by several joint authors shall endure until the expiration of thirty years after the death of the last surviving joint author.

Art. 4. The copyright in a posthumous work published, represented or performed after the death of the author shall endure for thirty years dating from its first publication, representation or performance.

Art. 5. Copyright in an anonymous or pseudonymous work shall endure for thirty years, dating from its first publication, representation or performance.

If, however, during this interval of time the author secures registration in his real name the term of copyright shall conform to the provisions of article 3.

Art. 6. In the case of a work published, represented or performed by public authorities, educational institutions, temples, associations, societies or corporations of whatever kind, which claim the authorship of the work, copyright shall endure for thirty years dating from its first publication, representation or performance.

Art. 7. When an author, or his assign, shall not have published a translation of his works during a period of ten years dating from the first publication of the original work, the right of translation shall terminate.

If, during this interval of time, the author publishes a translation of his work in a language for which he desires protection, his right of translation shall not lapse as regards this one language.

Art. 8. In the case of a work appearing consecutively in parts, the periods mentioned in the four preceding articles shall begin from the date of each part.

For a work published in parts which are to be ultimately joined together, the said periods shall date from the publication of the last part.

If, however, the parts necessary for the completion of the volume do not appear during three years, the part last published shall be considered as the final installment.

Art. 9. In order to calculate the periods of time during which copyright is in effect, indicated in the six preceding articles, the remainder of the year in which the author died, and the remainder of the year during which publication, representation or performance took place will not be taken into account.

Art. 10. The copyright will terminate in the case of the death of an author without heirs.

Art. 11. The following are not subject-matter of copyright:

First. Laws, ordinances and the official acts of public authorities;

Second. Miscellaneous facts, news of the day, and political discussions appearing in newspapers and periodicals;

Third. Speeches and pleadings delivered publicly before the courts, or in deliberative assemblies and political reunions.

Art. 12. The publisher or the performer of an anonymous or pseudonymous work is authorized to protect the rights belonging to the author or his assign, unless the author has obtained registration in his true name.

Art. 13. Copyright in a work produced in collaboration by several joint authors belongs in common to all the joint authors.

In case the contributions of the different joint authors of the work are not distinct and one of the collaborators objects to the publication, representation or performance of this work, the others may acquire his interest by the payment of an indemnity unless there is an agreement to the contrary.

If, on the contrary, the several contributions are distinct and one of the collaborators opposes the publication, representation or performance of their common work, the others may each detach his part and publish, represent or perform it separately, unless there is an agreement to the contrary.

In the case provided for in the second paragraph of the present article the name of the opposing joint author may not be put upon the volume in question against his will.

Art. 14. Whoever shall have lawfully compiled several works belonging to different authors, shall be considered as the author but shall hold the copyright only upon the work as a whole, the copyright in each separate part belonging to the respective joint authors.

Art. 15. The author, or his assign, can obtain registration of his right.

The author, or his assign, of a work which has been published, represented or performed, cannot institute a civil action with regard to infringement unless he has secured registration of his right.

The transfer and assignment of a copyright unless it has been legally recorded shall not be effective as against a third party.

The author of an anonymous or pseudonymous work can obtain registration in his real name.

Art. 16. Registration shall be made by the administrative authorities.

The provisions relative to registration shall be determined subsequently by ordinances.

Art. 17. The original copy of a work which has not been published, represented or performed, as well as the copyright in this work, cannot be attached by creditors, unless, however, the author, or his assign, has given his consent.

Art. 18. The copyright assignee cannot without the author’s consent change the surname or forename of the latter or any appellation adopted by the latter, nor can he change the title of the assigned work or even make a correction therein.

Art. 19. The addition to an original work of the signs called “Kunten,” of interlinear translations, of punctuation, critical notes, annotations or commentaries; of appendices, plans and designs; of other corrections, additions or suppressions; or a remodelling of the original plan of the work shall not be held to create new subject-matter of copyright specially for these modifications unless such may be considered as new works.

Art. 20. With the exception of novels, newspaper and magazine articles may be reproduced with an indication of their source, unless there is a notice distinctly given by the author, or his assign, forbidding all reproduction.

Art. 21. Whoever shall have produced a legal translation shall be considered the author thereof and shall enjoy the protection of the present law.

In the case of a work the right of translation of which has fallen into the public domain, a translator cannot prevent other persons from translating the same work.

Art. 22. Whoever shall have lawfully reproduced an artistic work by a different process than that employed in the production of the original shall be considered as the author and shall enjoy the protection of the present law.

Art. 23. Copyright in a photograph shall endure for ten years.

This period shall begin with the year which follows the year of first publication of the work in question, or that in which the proof negative was obtained in case no publication follows.

Whoever shall have lawfully reproduced a work of art by means of photography shall enjoy the protection of the present law for as long a time as the right of reproduction of the original shall endure, in accordance with the limits set by private agreement between the parties interested.

Art. 24. The copyright in photographs inserted in literary or scientific works shall belong to the authors of the latter and shall endure for the same period of time as the copyright in such works, if the authors have produced such photographs or have had them produced especially for such works.

Art. 25. The right of reproduction of photographic portraits shall belong to the person who has ordered them made.

Art. 26. The provisions relative to photographs shall be applicable to works produced by processes analogous to photography.

Art. 27. Works of which the author, or his assign, remains unknown and which have not been published, represented or performed, may be published, represented or performed in conformity with the provisions of a subsequent ordinance.

Art. 28. The provisions of the present law shall be applicable to foreigners so far as the protection of their copyright is concerned, subject to special provisions in regard to the matter should there be any in treaties and conventions; in the absence of such stipulations the protection of the present law shall be accorded only to those who shall have made the first publication of their works within the Empire.

Chapter II.—Infringement

Art. 29. Whoever shall violate a copyright shall be considered an infringer and shall be held liable for the damages thus caused, for which he shall make amends in conformity with the provisions relative thereto in the present law and also with those in the Civil Code, Book III, Chapter V.

Art. 30. The reproduction of works already published shall not be considered as infringements in the following cases:

First. To reproduce them by other than a mechanical or chemical process and without intention to publish them;

Second. To make extracts, or to cite passages provided that the citations are within due limits;

Third. To select and compile extracts provided that this operation is within legitimate bounds and is destined for the use of schools or for school readers, or for ethical instruction;

Fourth. To introduce extracts from a literary or scientific work into a dramatic work, or to serve as the words for a musical work;

Fifth. To insert in a literary or scientific work artistic productions as a means of explanation, or vice versâ;

Sixth. To reproduce by the plastic arts a drawing or painting, or vice versâ.

In the various cases cited it is necessary that an exact citation be given of the source of the borrowed material.

Art. 31. Whoever for the purpose of sale or circulation within the Empire shall import copies of an infringed work shall be considered as an infringer.

Art. 32. Whoever shall publish a collection of solutions of problems intended for academical exercises shall be considered as an infringer.

Art. 33. Whoever in good faith and without wrong intention on his part commits an infringement and derives benefit therefrom to the injury of some third person is held liable to make restitution to him in some way, but he is nevertheless entitled to reserve a portion of the profit for himself.

Art. 34. One of the joint copyright proprietors of a work composed in collaboration by several persons can, without the consent of the other joint proprietors, bring suit against an infringer and claim his part of the damages or claim the restitution of the profit mentioned in the preceding article.

Art. 35. In a case where there is question of bringing suit with regard to an infringement, whoever shall have placed his surname and forename as author on the work in question already published shall be considered as such in the absence of proof to the contrary.

For an anonymous or pseudonymous work, unless there is proof to the contrary, whoever is designated on the work in question as the publisher shall be considered as such.

If it is a question of representation or performance of a dramatic or musical composition not yet published, unless there is proof to the contrary, whoever is designated as the author in the announcements of the performances shall be considered as such. And if, in this case, unless there is proof to the contrary, the surname and the forename of the author of the work represented or performed have not been given, the manager of the representation or performance shall be considered as the author.

Art. 36. When a civil or criminal action has been commenced relative to an infringement the court upon the request of the petitioner or plaintiff may, with or without the deposit of security, provisionally suspend the sale and circulation of the work suspected to be an infringement, or effect its seizure or the suspension of its representation or performance.

In such cases when a decision is rendered that the suspected work was not an infringement, the plaintiff shall be civilly responsible for the damages resulting from the suit brought.

Chapter III.—Penalties

Art. 37. Whoever shall have committed an infringement or who knowingly shall have placed on sale or put infringing copies into circulation shall be liable to a penalty of from 50 to 500 yen.

Art. 38. Whoever shall offend against the provisions of Art. 18 shall be liable to a penalty of from 30 to 300 yen.

Art. 39. Whoever shall have, contrary to the provisions of Art. 20 and of paragraph 2 of Art. 30, reproduced a work without indicating exactly the source of the borrowed material, or shall offend against the provisions of paragraph 4 of Art. 13 shall be liable to a penalty of from 10 to 100 yen.

Art. 40. Whoever shall publish a work placing upon it the surname, forename or usual appellation of any other person than the author shall be liable to a penalty of from 30 to 500 yen.

Art. 41. Whoever in publishing a work has altered it contrary to the intention of the author, even if the copyright in the work has expired, or who has changed its title, or concealed the surname, forename or usual appellation of the author, or attributed the work to some one other than the author, shall be liable to a penalty of from 20 to 200 yen.

Art. 42. Whoever shall have secured a fraudulent registration shall be liable to a penalty of from 10 to 100 yen.

Art. 43. The infringing unlawful copies as well as the implements and utensils which have served or which were intended to be exclusively used for purposes of infringement shall be confiscated only in case they belong to the infringer in his own right, to the printer, or to the person who places the copies on sale or distributes them.

Art. 44. The offenses provided for in the present chapter shall give rise to proceedings only upon the complaint of the injured party, except, however, in case of the death of the author (Art. 3), and in the cases mentioned in Arts. 40 to 42.

Art. 45. Action against any of the offenses enumerated in the present chapter shall be barred after two years.

Chapter IV.—Additional provisions

Art. 46. The date when this law shall go into effect shall be determined by imperial decree.

The law of 1893 (no. 16 of the 26th year of Meiji) on literary property, and the imperial ordinances nos. 78 and 79 of the 20th year of Meiji (1887), the first relating to dramatic and musical compositions and the second to photographic works, shall be abrogated on the day when the present law goes into effect.

Art. 47. Works in which the copyright shall not have expired before the present law goes into effect shall enjoy the protection of the present law from the day it goes into effect.

Art. 48. All reproductions, not held to be infringements before the present law goes into effect, which have been made or commenced at the date when this law goes into effect may be completed and placed on sale and distributed.

The tools and implements which may have served in making these reproductions, if they still exist, may be used for five years more after the present law goes into effect.

Art. 49. Translations which shall have been made or commenced before the present law goes into effect, not held to be infringements, may be completed and placed on sale and distributed on condition, however, that they be published within a period of seven years after the present law goes into effect.

The said works may be reproduced during five years dating from their first publication.

Art. 50. Works already represented or performed or which had begun to be represented or performed before the present law goes into effect, which have not been held to be infringements, may still be represented or performed during five years after the present law goes into effect.

Art. 51. The reproductions which are mentioned in Arts. 48 to 50 cannot be sold or distributed or represented or performed without conforming to the formalities which shall be prescribed by an ordinance.

Art. 52. The present law shall not be applicable to works of architecture.

Translated from “Collection de la législation sur les droits d’auteur au Japon.” 8°. Tokyo, 1903, pp. 60–76.

Ordinances.

[June 27, 1899.]

Art. 1. Whoever shall desire to place on sale and to distribute copies of a reproduction provided for by the law on copyright, Art. 48, paragraph 1, or, by virtue of the same article, paragraph 2, to make use of the apparatus and instruments which have served for such reproduction, must before September 30, 1899, request the stamping of the copies or of the apparatus and instruments.

As regards a work in course of publication, a declaration of it shall be made within the aforesaid period, in order that the stamping of the copies may be requested before they are delivered to the public.

At the same time, the stamping of the apparatus and instruments which have served for the reproduction of such copies must be requested.

Art. 2. Whoever shall desire to place on sale and to distribute copies of a translation by virtue of the law on copyright, Art. 49, paragraph 1, must declare, before September 30, 1899, that the translation in question was completed or commenced before the above-mentioned law went into effect.

Whoever shall desire to place on sale and to distribute the aforesaid copies after the expiration of the period mentioned in the same law, article 49, paragraph 2, must request the stamping of them within two months after the date of the expiration of that period.

Art. 3. Whoever shall desire to represent, or to continue the public representation or performance of a dramatic or musical work by virtue of the law on copyright, Art. 50, must declare, before September 30, 1899, that the public representation or performance of such work had been made or commenced prior to the going into effect of the aforesaid law.

Art. 4. Whoever shall desire, after the expiration of the period mentioned in the law on copyright, Art. 48, paragraph 2, to place on sale and to distribute copies made by means of the stamped apparatus and instruments, must request the stamping of the copies within two months after the expiration of that period.

Art. 5. When the apparatus and instruments to be stamped can not be transported, the interested party may request the administration, on condition of previously depositing the necessary travelling expenses, to send an agent to the place instructed to proceed with the stamping of the material in question.

Art. 6. Applications for stamping, as also all declarations, shall be addressed to the proper local authorities.

Art. 7. The local authorities shall affix the stamps, shall receive the declarations, and shall keep registers in which these acts shall be recorded.

Art. 8. As regards apparatus and instruments not susceptible of being stamped, this operation may be replaced by any other method whatsoever, without prejudice to the provisions of the present ordinance relating to stamping.

Art. 9. Whoever shall have made a fraudulent declaration, or fraudulently obtained a stamp, shall be liable to a penalty of 10 to 100 yen.

Fraudulent declarations, and stampings fraudulently obtained, shall be null, and their annullment shall be retroactive to the date when these formalities were fulfilled.

Art. 10. The declarations received and the stampings executed by the local authorities shall be published in the Official Gazette.

It shall be the same in the case of declarations and stampings which shall be annulled.

Translated from “Le Droit d’auteur.” 15e année, 1902. 4°. Berne, no. 10, 15 octobre 1902, pp. 109–110.

[June 28, 1899.]

Art. 1. In making applications for stamping or in making declarations in accordance with Art. 1 of the Imperial Ordinance no. 314 of 1899, form 1 given hereunder shall be followed. Applications for stamping or declarations made in accordance with Art. 2 of the said Ordinance shall follow form no. 2. Declarations made in accordance with Art. 3 of the said Ordinance shall follow form no. 3. Applications for stamping made in accordance with Art. 4 of the said Ordinance shall follow form no. 4.

Art. 2. The Index Register provided for in Art. 7 of the said Imperial Ordinance shall be kept in accordance with Schedule A and the stamp shall be in the form given in Schedule B.

Art. 3. Whenever a local government has taken the steps provided for in Art. 7 of the above mentioned Imperial Ordinance, the fact must be reported to the Department of Home Affairs within ten days. In the case of Formosa the report should be made through the office of the Governor General of Formosa.

Art. 4. The expenses required for the travelling of the inspecting officials and which are to be borne by the party making application, in accordance with Art. 5 of the said Ordinance, shall be calculated in accordance with Imperial Ordinance no. 333 of 1897 (Regulations relating to the travelling allowances of officials).

In the case of Formosa the regulations relating to the travelling allowances enacted by the Governor General of Formosa shall apply.

Art. 5. The Index Register shall be open to the inspection of the public.

Any party making application for such inspection shall pay a fee of thirty sen (15 cents U. S. money).

[Note.—We are indebted to the courtesy of the Japanese Ambassador for the translation of the above Ordinance no. 26. It has not been attempted, however, to supply translations of the elaborate forms which were attached to this Ordinance.]

[June 28, 1899.]

Whoever shall desire to publish or to represent a work in accordance with Art. 27 of the law on copyright, must, during at least seven days, publish his intention, with the title of the work and the name and forename of the author, in the Official Gazette and in at least four of the principal newspapers of Tokio, as well as in the newspaper of the domicile of the author, if the domicile of the author is known.