The Digital Shopfloor- Industrial Automation in the Industry 4.0 Era

Front matter

AA iy UML

EAS

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Contents

Foreword xix Preface xxiii List of Contributors xxvii List of Figures XXxi List of Tables xxxvii List of Abbreviations XXXİX 1 Introduction to Industry 4.0 and the Digital Shopfloor Vision 1 John Soldatos It, -troduction uie asn seemed Goeth ta a 1 1.4 Digital Automation Platforms and the Vision of the 1.5. Conclusion n eee a da da aia e 21 References: cum Som a tes Le rc ene hei day ens 22 PART I 2 Open Automation Framework for Cognitive Manufacturing 27

Oscar Lazaro, Martijn Rooker, Begoña Laibarra, Anton Ružić, Bojan Nemec and Aitor Gonzalez 2.1 Introduction... 28 vi

Contents 2.2.1 RAMI4.0 (Reference Architecture Model Industry AD) ot da a ae ee ra 32 2.2.2 Data-driven Digital Manufacturing Platforms for‘Industry 4.0 sy ee we te el ce bes oman dis 34 2.3 Autoware Framework for Digital Shopfloor Automation .. 41 2.3.1 Digital Shopfloor Evolution: Trends & Challenges . 41 2.3.1.1 Pillar 1: AUTOWARE open reference architecture for autonomous digital A ss e YS Be Ses 46 2.3.1.2 Pillar 2: AUTOWARE digital abilities for automatic awareness in the autonomous 2.3.1.3 Pillar 3: AUTOWARE business value .. 51 2.3.2 AUTOWARE Software-Defined Autonomous Service PlathOrm: o td dp at aed Magee 53 2.3.2.1 Cloud & Fog computing services enablers 2.3.3 AUTOWARE Framework and RAMI 4.0 Compliance: sorcas e ate see ee cai 57 2.4 Autoware Framework for Predictive Maintenance Platform 2.4.1 Z-BRE4K: Zero-Unexpected-Breakdowns 2.4.4 Z-BRE4K General Architecture Information Workflow’ 4 cia a a a Sie d Cr dă 61 2.4.5 Z-BRE4K General Architecture Component A A Aa e te să pi See oe ay dd 68 References’: ora we ra ao ead, de es 69 Reference Architecture for Factory Automation using Edge

Part II

Digital Models for Industrial Automation Platforms 267 Nikos Kefalakis, Aikaterini Roukounaki and John Soldatos xii Contents

9.2.3 Automation and Analytics Processes Modelling . . 271 9.2.4 Automation and Analytics Platforms

9.2.5 Cyber and Physical Worlds Synchronization .... 271

93l © OVERVIEWS: 6.5 cent cae Gin Be ape de ca sa Piata 273 9.3.2; IEC 62204... iii ee e aa aaa 273 933 -IEG 62769: (EDD; s aa se mos da cita a 274 9.3.6 IEC 61424 (CAEX) sasaaa ooo ooo... 275 9.3.7 Business to Manufacturing Markup Language

(B2MML) ico a al ete 275

9.4.2 Main Entities of Digital Models for Data

9.4.4 Model Repository Open Source Implementation . . 281 9.5 Simulation and Analytics Models Linking

96 Conclusions. ... e... o... 283 RSÍOrencEs> mod tr mae „Aaa AA claca arat e i 284

10 Open Semantic Meta-model as a Cornerstone for the Design and Simulation of CPS-based Factories 285 Jan Wehrstedt, Diego Rovere, Paolo Pedrazzoli, Giovanni dal Maso, Torben Meyer, Veronika Brandstetter, Michele Ciavotta, Marco Macchi and Elisa Negri

10.3.3

10.3.4

10.3.5

10.3.6

10.3.7

Contents xiii

103:2 2 ASSET ae e e td 291 10.3.3.2 Prototypes and instances aggregation

patterns... 293 10.342 PS os a ni iei 299 Device Model. 2 cocida 299 10:3:5.1. Device. voce rc rd 300 10.3:5:2. “DeyicelO. ui pe 301 A A at soe ca at îm ia a dă 302 10.3.6.2 Plant. .. cc... 303 10.3.7.1 Relationship between product routing

model and ISO 14649-10 standard .... 305 xiv Contents

11 A Centralized Support Infrastructure (CSI) to Manage CPS Digital Twin, towards the Synchronization between CPS Deployed on the Shopfloor and Their Digital Representation 317 Diego Rovere, Paolo Pedrazzoli, Giovanni dal Maso, Marino Alge and Michele Ciavotta

11:3 “CSI Architecture snena io pa e et ea ee es 319

11.5.2 Cloud Ready Architecture: The Choice

A A i eta wk Se SK Nae a 331

11:6 Conclusions... 6°. da a Pa ae i es 333

References: mer a a Be een 334

PART III 12 Building an Automation Software Ecosystem

Contents XV on the Top of IEC 61499 339 Andrea Barni, Elias Montini, Giuseppe Landolfi, Marzio Sorlini and Silvia Menato 12,1: sintroductton o ea aes A oa a a la at 340 12.2.1 Characteristics of the Automation Ecosystem 12.2.1.3 Equipment and machines builders 345 12.2.2 Beyond Business Interactions: Limitations and Complexities of the Existing Automation Market. . 347 12.3 A Digital Marketplace to Support Value Networks 12.3.1 Architectural Characteristics of the Digital 12.3.2 Value Exchange between the Digital Platform and 12.3.3 Opportunities of Exploitation of an Automation Platform: eo e era 358 12.3.3.1 Opportunities for system integrators . . . 358 12.3.3.2 Opportunities for equipment and machines MA ceea ta ăi tă n ala 360 12.3.3.3 Opportunities for components suppliers . 360 12.3.3.4 Opportunities for automation solutions 12,4. CONCIUSIONS ccoo er do 4 ne wee Fea et a 361

References” Li A A Ba AN Scie es xvi

Contents

13 Migration Strategies towards the Digital Manufacturing

Automation Ambra Cala, Filippo Boschi, Paola Maria Fantini, Arndt Liider, Marco Taisch and Jiirgen Elger 13.1: Introductions...) oca a ek eS ee a Se cs 13.2.1 Migration Processes to Distributed Architectures . . 13.4. Use Case Scenario. in be Ge Sh hed ees 13:51 Assessment. șia n Senne ca ges 13,61 Conclusions A F data ii GE ee ee A ek i au manie

Tools and Techniques for Digital Automation Solutions Certification Batzi Uribarri, Lara González, Begoña Laibarra and Oscar Lazaro 14.1. Introduction ici a anes da e ae ee tă 14.2.1 Workplace Safety and Certification According to the DOVE ce i e e oaie 29 aaa de 14.2.2 Industrial Robots Safety According 14.2.3 Collaborative Robots Safety According to ISO/TS 15066:2016- se int ea e tea e sa Gree a Ge e Aa 14.3 DSA Ecosystem Vision. . . cc.

Contents xvii

14:8 Conclusion. n e a i ee i ee aa a a aia 422 References: 00 a e a e Bon 423

Ecosystems for Digital Automation Solutions an Overview

and the Edge4Industry Approach 425 John Soldatos, John Kaldis, Tiago Teixeira, Volkan Gezer

and Pedro Malo

SA a e a ta e a a re 425 15.2 Ecosystem Platforms and Services for Industry 4.0 15.2.1 ThingWorx Foundation (Platform 15.2.3 Testbeds of the Industrial Internet Consortium . . . 430 15.2.4 Factory Automation Testbed and Technical ASPECISI n a A ae lies 431 15.2.5.1 SmartFactory pilot production lines — testbeds: iya ii Ae heh tea a dr a 432 15.2.5.3 SkaLa (scalable automation with 15.2.5.4 Key finder (The keyfinder production line 15.2.5.5 SME 4.0 competence center 15.2.8 ARROWHEAD ARTEMIS JU Project and 15.3 Consolidated Analysis of Ecosystems — Multi-sided xviii Contents

15.5

ISAT GSeTVICES: “Si e Ta i da 15:44: Blog: cusco di e o a a CONCIUSIONS u a a ete Ble dias IRETETENICES® iii a id ema eae dai

16 Epilogue

Index

About the Editors

Foreword

As the Technical Director of the European Factories of the Future Research Association (EFFRA), it is with great pleasure and satisfaction that I witness the completion of this book on digital automation, cyber physical production systems and the vision of a fully digital shopfloor. EFFRA is an industry-driven association promoting the development of new and innovative production technologies. It is the official representative of the private side in the “Factories of the Future” Public-Private Partnership (PPP) under the Horizon 2020 program of the European Commission. As such it has been also supporting the three research projects (FAR-EDGE, AUTOWARE, DAEDALUS) that produced the book, which have formed the Digital Shopfloor Alliance (DSA).

The book provides insights on a variety of digital automation platforms and solutions, based on advanced technologies ICT technologies like cloud/edge computing, distributed ledger technologies and cognitive computing, which will play a key role in supporting automation in the factories of the future. Moreover, solutions based on the promising IEC 61499 standards are described. Overall, the presented results are fully aligned with some of the research priorities that EFFRA has been setting and detailing during the last couple of years. In particular, two years ago, EFFRA launched the ConnectedFactories Coordination Action, with a view to providing more insight in priorities and steps towards the digital transformation of production systems and facilities. ConnectedFactories has generated a first set of generic pathways to digital manufacturing.

x1x

Xx Foreword

MOM-ERP systems connected

L MOM and SCADA / PLC systems, connected SS SS IoT enabled SCADA,

MOM-MES, ERP (...) cor

These pathways reflect our main directions for transforming factories in the Industry 4.0 era, and include:

e The Autonomous Smart Factories pathway, which focuses on optimised and sustainable manufacturing including advanced human-inthe-loop workspaces.

e The Hyperconnected Factories pathway, which boosts the networking enterprises towards formulating complex, dynamic supply chains and value networks.

e The Collaborative Product-Service Factories pathway, which emphasizes data-driven product-service engineering in knowledge intensive factories.

As part of the ConnectedFactories initiative, we have also illustrated a solid initial set of key cross-cutting factors and enablers that should be addressed in order to progress on the pathways. Likewise, we have also described a rich set of relevant industrial and research cases.

The work reflected in the book is perfectly aligned to our “Autonomous Smart Factories” pathway, as the presented technologies and use cases of the DSA are boosting significant improvements in production time, quality, sustainability and cost-efficiency at the same time. The co-editors have done a good job in presenting the added-value of the solutions developed by the three projects. At EFFRA we appreciate seeing results aligned to our research and development roadmaps. In the case of the results presented in this book, we are also happy to see the development of complementary services and community building initiatives, which could provide value to our

Foreword XXi members. We are happy to support the three projects in their dissemination and community building initiatives.

It's also very positive that this book is offered based on an Open Access publication modality, which could help it reach a wider readership and will boost its impact.

EFFRA is a growing network of actors that play key roles on national, regional, European and even global initiatives, as a contribution to knowledge exchange and experience sharing. I believe that many of these actors will find the book a very interesting read.

Chris Decubber

Technical Director

European Factories of the Future Research Association Brussels

April 4th, 2019