Protagonists of War

Front matter

i E í A Ml y M, Protagonists í of ) ; Spanish Army Commanders and the . N A in the Tow Countries, ; EN

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LEUVEN UNIVERSITY PRESS ` ' fe I

Table of Contents

Abbreviations 9 Introduction 11 Words of gratitude 25 Chapter I: Captain Julián: the hero of the battlefield 27

The myth of Captain Julián (27) — The hero of a duel (31) — In the service of the old Emperor (37) — In the service of the young King (43) — The Prince of Oranges dog (49) — The Duke of Alba's hangman (60) — Julián and the Prince of Orange (66) — Luctor et submergo (74) — ¡Adiós Julián! (83) — Fortune, fame and family (92) — The hero on stage (103) — A Spanish warrior (110)

Chapter II: Sancho Dávila: the champion of Catholic Spain 115

A Spanish hero (115) — A hero in the family (116) — An international soldier (1554-1567) (122) — Battling against the rebels (1568) (127) — The castellano of Antwerp (1568-1572) (133) — The relief of Middelburg (1572-1573) (143) — An Albista under Luis de Requesens (155) — The Battle of Mookerheyde (1574) (159) — The great mutiny (1574) (164) — The ongoing war (1574- 1576) (170) — The Spanish Fury of Antwerp (1576) (181) — The Spanish Fury on stage (184) — His failed knighthood (188) — Last years in Portugal (1581- 1583) (192) — Protagonist of a historical novel (2007) (195) — Friends and heretics (196)

Chapter III: Cristóbal de Mondragón: the good Spaniard 199

Eternal fame (199) — From soldier to captain (202) — The early years of the Revolt (211) — The search for a knighthood (217) — Goes: like Moses crossing the seas (219) — A commander in action (1572-1573) (222) — The siege of Middelburg: hunger and honour (227) — Orange and Mondragón (234) — The life of an Albista under Requesens (236) — Quarrelling around Breda (1575) (241) — The Red Sea opens again, and again (244) — The siege of Zierikzee

(1575-1576) (247) — The mutiny (253) — The siege of Ghent castle (256) — Life and death (1577-1596) (257) — Mondragón on the Dutch stage (262) — Victory of the good (267)