Securitization of Islam: A Vicious Circle

Front matter

Kathrin Lenz-Raymann

SECURITIZATION OF ISLAM: A VICIOUS CIRCLE

Counter-Terrorism and Freedom of Religion in Central Asia

Part II Politics And Islam: Case Studies Of Political Regimes

History of Politics and Islam in Central Asia |117 Early Empires and Islamization of Central Asia |117 The Communist State and Islam in Central Asia |129

General Comparison of Contemporary Regimes |139 Demographic Situation |142 Socio-economic Situation | 147 Political System and Government Bodies | 158

Comparison of the Contemporary Role of Religion in Politics | 177 Freedom of Religion and The Concept of Recognition | 178 Secularity in the Constitution | 179 Content of Religious Laws | 185 Institutions Involved with Religion | 196 Procedures Concerning Religion | 202

8.1. 8.2. 8.3. 8.4.

9.1. 9.2.

Security Strategies and Counter-Terrorism Laws |210 Security Forces |214

International Cooperation in the Security Sector |221 Comparison of the Judiciary: Trials and Torture |227

Typology of Religious and

Counter-Terrorism Politics |233 Typology of State Regulation of Folk Islam |233 Typology of State Regulation of Non-Traditional Groups |236

Part III Securitization: Theory And Simulation Model

10.1. Legitimacy in Securitization Theory | 243 10.2. Vocabulary and Units of Analysis | 246 10.3. Securitization of Islam in Central Asia | 252

11. Model Description | 257

11.1. Overview and ODD-Protocol | 257

11.2. Simulation Setup | 264

11.3. Simulation Results: Revival of Islam | 271 11.4. Threatened Reference Objects | 273

11.5. Securitizing Moves | 276

12.1. Sensitivity Analysis | 279 12.2. Verification: Mutual Reinforcement of Securitization | 280 12.3. Validation: Simulation Results and Empirical Data | 282

13. Conclusions |289 13.1. Conclusions from Computer Simulation | 289 13.2. General Concluding Remarks | 290