The novels and miscellaneous works...

Chapter I

My birth and parentage — Strange dreams of my mother previous to my birth — My education — My father extremely indulgent — On my return froirl Oxford, he proposes marriage to me, which I decline, and am permitted to travel, accompanied by a young college acquaintance — Journey from Dover to Paris, and incidents on the road — Adventures which happen at Paris — Account of our journey to Italy . . 1

CHAPTER M.

Reflections — Journey to Grenoble, and description of the Swiss troops there — Account of the king and court — Depart for Pignerol — Siege of Casal — I escape great danger in* an action there — March to Saluces — Death of the Duke of Savoy — I catch the plague — Recover and spend the winter at Milan — Journey through Italy, and singular adventures there 13

Chapter III

Arrive at Vienna — Account of the war in Germany — Of the famous conclusions of Leipsic — Journey from Vienna to Prague — Dreadful storm of Magdeburgh, and cruelties of the imperial soldiers — I leave the emperor's service in disgust, and arrive at Leipsic — Account of affairs there 26

Chapter IV

I quit the Saxon camp, and join the Swedish army — Discipline of the Swedes — My comrade enters the Swedish service — Sir John Hepburn introduces me to the king — His conversation — I enter into the service — Battle with Tilly's army, who is completely defeated— The camp given up to plunder .40

Chapter V

Arrival at Erfurt — I receive a wound before the Castlo of Marienburgh— Gracious reception of the king — Bravery of a private musketeer — Battle of Oppenheim — March to Mentz — Letter from my father — The king appoints me a colonel of horse — Battle of Lech, and defeat of Tilly 57

VI

CONTENTS. MEMOIRS OF A CAVALIER.

Chapter VI

Farther proceedings of the campaign — Dangerous skirmish before Ausburg — General Tilly dies almost at the minute the king has his horse shot under him — Farther proceedings — Taking of Freynstat — Battle of Attembergh — Gallantry of a Saxon captain — I am taken by the enemy — Death of the king 77

Chapter VII

Great lamentations for the loss of the king — The town of Leip^ic recovered by stratagem, whereby I regain my liberty — I leave the service, and spend two years a wanderer — Battle of Nordlingen — Bravery of old Horn — Melancholy event of the battle — I leave the army, and visit Holland — Return to England — Proceedings there 93

Chapter VIII

War with the Scots — I volunteer to meet the enemy — Bad behaviour of our men — Conduct of the Scots — Base end of the expedition — A peace concluded — I visit the Scotch camp — Uncouth appearance of the soldiers — Character of the Highlanders 104

Chapter IX

War breaks out again in the north — I join the king's army — Action with the Scots, in which they are victorious — Great discontents in England — Character of the king — I am sent on a message to the Scotch army — The king is reduced to submit to their terms — Encroachments of the parliament — The gates of Hull shut against the king — The king raises an army — Loyalty of the English gentry 114

Chapter X

The royal army takes the field — Action with the rebels under Essex — Battle of Edgehill — The Parliament claims the victory — They vote an address for peace — Sad reflections on the miseries of civil war . 128

Chapter XI

Comical adventures, in which a female captain is victorious — Bravery of the parliament troops at Brentford — The winter spent in fruitless treaties — I am wounded in a skirmish with the enemy — Farther proceedings of the armies .......... 144

Chapter XII

Cromwell makes his appearance on the stage, and turns the fortune of the war against the king's party — Frequent and disastrous actions — The Scots declare for the parliament, and enter England, with an army in the north — The king brings Irish regiments over, which gives great disgust — I am detached with Prince Rupert to the relief of York, which we accomplish — Disastrous action with Cromwell . . 160

CONTENTS. — MEMOIRS OF A CAVALIER. Vll

Chapter XIII

Narrow escape from the battle — Dangers of our retreat — Two of our party and myself disguise ourselves, and go to Leeds to learn news — Engagement with the country fellows on our return — Our party attempts to join Prince Rupert — Adventures on the road — We join the prince at Kendal, in Westmoreland 174

Chapter XIV

State of the prince's army — Skirmishes — The king's army obtains some partial successes in the west — The armies join at Oxford — Farther proceedings — Bad conduct of the parliament soldiers — Negotiations with the parliament for peace — Proceedings of the division to which I belonged in the army 189

Chapter XV

Action with Colonel Forbes, a Scotchman — I visit my father, who is prisoner of war at Shrewsbury, and obtain his exchange — Sir Thomas Fairfax appointed general of the parliament army — The king's observation thereupon — Leicester taken by storm — Battle of Naseby — Fatal consequences thereof — The king retires to Wales . . . 203

Chapter XVI

The king's army attacks Newark — Successful excursion into Lincolnshire — Siege of Huntingdon — Brave action of a dragoon — The Marquis of Montrose does great service in Scotland — I leave the army on a visit to my father's — Disastrous termination of the war, and fate of the king's party 217

Chapter XVII

Various opinions on the king's throwing himself upon the fidelity of the Scots — The Scotch parliament refuse to receive him into Scotland — The king is given up — Consequences thereof — Reflections — The king's death — Conclusion .231

Contents

MEMOIRS OF CAPTAIN CARLETON.

Chapter I

I volunteer on board the London, and go out with the Duke of York's expedition to Holland — Join the French fleet — General engagement with the Amsterdam squadron — Singular account of our pigeons aboard the London — Prince of Conde routes our forces — March to Quarignan and Valenciennes — The Prince of Orange leaves the army in disgust, but recedes from that resolution — The siege of Maestrich — False attack on Wyck — Siege of Cambray and St. Omars .... 273

Chapter II

The famous peace concluded — Desperate battle at St. Dennis — Return to England — Commission given by King James — Earthquake at Dixmuyd — Siege of Namur — Prince Vaudemont's grand retreat — Destruction of Brussels — Villeroy's great army 291

Chapter III

Plot to assassinate King "William — Account of the conspiracy — Dissipation of the guard at Shoerbeck — Left in a garrison without ammunition — Narrow escape from a hired incendiary — The advantage of a Jew as pro.veditor to the army and troops — Short description of Valencia and Barcelona 305

Chapter IV

Negligence of the Governor of Monjouick — Extraordinary resolution of the Dutch general — Account of the great action at Monjouick — Panic among the soldiery — Great enterprise of the sailors at the siege of Barcelona — Difficulty of mounting a battery — The Duchess of Popoli in the engagement — Surrender of Barcelona — Remarkable instance of Catholic zeal 322

Chapter V

Barcelona under King Charles — Bold peremptory demand on the authorities of Nules immediately to surrender — Singular interview between Earl Peterborow and Mahoni, and the result therefrom — Short description of Valencia, and prodigious victory — Peterborow's stratagem to outwit the fleet at Barcelona — Ultimate release of Barcelona 339

CONTENTS. — MEMOIRS OP CAPTAIN CARLETON. IX

Chapter VI

The king begins his journey to Madrid, and Peterborow to Valencia-r- Sad accident at St. Jago — Peterborow leaves Valencia — Savage cruelty of the Spaniards at Campilio — Amours of two English officers with nuns — Saint Vincent's procession — Curious customs of the Valencians during Lent 358

Chapter Vii.'

Alicant besieged by General Gorge — Remarkable feat of a Scotch dragoon — Messenger to Alicant — Letter from the king of Spain to the queen of England — The siege of Carthagena — Signal defeat of the English before Villena — Comic appearance of Major Boyd on his journey to Venissa — Interesting account of hermits' cells at Montserat . . . 375

Chapter VIII

Denia a garrison, by order of King Charles — Extraordinary storm of locusts — Singular mine explosion at Alicant — Sainte Clemente de la Mancha, rendered famous by the renowned Don Michael Cervantes — Interesting accounts — Surprising flight of eagles — The Inquisition 399

Chapter IX

Bull-fight at La Mancha — Temperance and bigotry of the Spaniards — Reserve custom of gentlemen in company with ladies — Wretched music, except at Valencia — Music at executions — Singular appeal of a clergyman to conscience, and very interesting conclusion . . . 416

Chapter X

The shade of Don Quixotte — Concise account of Madrid — Anecdote of Mahoni and General Stanhope — The Escurial — Account of the Convent of the Carthusian Order 436

CHAPTER XL

Brief description of Biscay and other towns — Isle of Conference, and interview between the kings of France and Spain — Narrow escape from being drowned — Tempest in the Bay of Biscay, and miraculous deliverance — Arrival in England — Conclusion .... 452

CONTENTS,

DICKORY CRONKE; OR, THE DUMB PHILOSOPHER.

PAET I.

Birth and Parentage Page 469

Loses his Master and Mistress 471

Constant Practice and Regular Management . . . . 473

Wonderful Recovery of Speech ...... 475

Good Advice to his Sister and Friends 477

Mysteriously becomes again Dumb ...... 479

PAET II.

Abstract of Faith, &c 481

Meditations and Observations 483

PAET III.

Prophetic Observations 489

An Elegy . 493 if

EVERYBODY'S BUSINESS IS NOBODY'S BUSINESS.

Scarcity of Female Servants 499

Thefts committed by Female Servants 501

Vails to Servants a bad practice 503

Servants' Apparel ought to be regulated 505

Anecdote of a Servant Wench 507

Reform of many Abuses among Servants 509

Robberies committed by Shoe-blacks 511

Employment suggested for Vagrants 513

Regulations for Porters and others 515

MEMOIRS OF A CAVALIER.

Advertisement to the Edinburgh Edition of 1809.

Whether this interesting work is considered as a romance, or as a series of authentic memoirs, in which the only fabulous circumstance is the existence of the hero ; it must undoubtedly be allowed to be of the best description of either species of composition, and to reflect additional lustre, even on the author of Robinson Crusoe.

There is so much simplicity and apparent fidelity of statement throughout the narrative, that the feelings are little indebted to those who would remove the veil ; and the former editors, perhaps, have acted not unwisely in leaving the circumstances of its authenticity in their original obscurity. The Memoirs of a Cavalier, have long, however, been ascertained to be the production of Daniel de Foe. Both the first and second editions were published without date ; but, from other evidence, the work appears to have been written shortly after Robinson Crusoe, in 1720-1.

A few Notes have been added to the present edition, collected from the periodical publications of the time (now rare and curious), to exhibit the exact coincidence of the facts themselves, with the transactions narrated in these Memoirs.

Edinburgh, 1809.

THE

Preface To The First Edition

As an evidence that it is very probable these memorials were written many years ago, the persons now concerned in the publication, assure the reader, that they have had them in their possession finished, as they now appear, above twenty years. That they were so long ago found by great accident, among other valuable papers, in the closet of an eminent public minister, of no less figure than one of King William's secretaries of state.

As it is not proper to trace them any farther, so neither is there any need to trace them at all, to give reputation to the story related, seeing the actions here mentioned have a sufficient sanction from all the histories of the times to which they relate, with this addition, that the admirable manner of relating them, and the wonderful variety of incidents, with which they are beautified in the course of a private gentleman's story, add such delight in the reading, and give such a lustre, as well to the accounts themselves as to the person who was the actor, that no story, we believe, extant in the world ever came abroad with such advantage.

It must naturally give some concern in the reading, that the name of a person of so much gallantry and honour, and so many ways valuable to the world, should be lost to the reader. We assure them no small labour has been thrown away upon the inquiry; and all we have been able to arrive to of discovery in this affair is, that a memorandum was

PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. Xlll

found with this manuscript, in these words, but not signed by any name, only the two letters of a name, which gives us no light into the matter ; which memoir was as follows :

Memorandum. — 1 found this manuscript among my father's writings, and I understand that he got them as plunder, at, or after, the fight at Worcester, where he served as major

of 's regiment of horse on the side of the parliament.

I. K.

As this has been of no use but to terminate the inquiry after the person, so, however, it seems most naturally to give an authority to the original of the work, viz., That it was born of a soldier ; and, indeed, it is, through every part, related with so soldierly a style, and in the very language of the field, that it seems impossible anything, but the very person who was present in every action here related, could be the relator of them.

The accounts of battles, the sieges, and the several actions of which this work is so full, are all recorded in the histories of those times ; such as the great battle of Leipsic, the sacking of Magdeburg, the siege of Nuremburg, the passing the river Leek in Bavaria ; such also as the battles of Keynton, or Edge-hill; the battles of Newbury, Marston-moor, and Naseby, and the like. They are all, we say, recorded in other histories, and written by those who lived in those times, and, perhaps, had good authority for what they wrote. But do those relations give any of the beautiful ideas of things formed in this account? Have they one half of the circumstances and incidents of the actions themselves that this man's eyes were witness to, and which his memory has thus preserved? He that has read the best accounts of those battles will be surprised to see the par

XIV PREFACE. MEMOIRS OP A CAVALIER.

ticulars of the story so preserved, so nicely, and so agreeably described; and will confess what we allege, that the story is inimitably told ; and even the great actions of the glorious King Gustavus Adolphus receive a lustre from this man's relations, which the world was never made sensible of before, and which the present age has much wanted of late, in order to give their affections a turn in favour of his late glorious successor.

In the story of our own country's unnatural wars, he carries on the same spirit. How effectually does he record the virtues and glorious actions of King Charles L, at the same time that he frequently enters upon the mistakes of his majesty's conduct, and of his friends, which gave his enemies all those fatal advantages against him; which ended in the overthrow of his armies, the loss of his crown and life, and the ruin of the constitution.

In all his accounts he does justice to his enemies, and honours the merits of those whose cause he fought against ; and many accounts recorded in his story, are not to be found even in the best histories of those times.

What applause does he give to the gallantry of Sir Thomas Faijtfax, to his modesty, to his conduct, under which he himself was subdued, and to the justice he did the king's troops when they laid down their arms.

His description of the Scots' troops in the beginning of the war, and the behaviour of the party under the Earl of Holland, who went over against them, are admirable ; and his censure of their conduct, who pushed the king upon the quarrel, and then would not let him fight, is no more than what many of the king's friends (though less knowing as soldiers) have often complained of.

In a word, this work is a confutation of many errors in all

•

PKEFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION. X\

the writers upon the subject of our wars in England, and even in that extraordinary history written by the Earl of Clarendon ; but the editors were so just, that, when near twenty years ago, a person who had written a whole volume in folio, by way of answer to, and confutation of, Clarendon's history of the rebellion, would have borrowed the clauses in this account, which clash with that history, and confront it ; we say, the editors were so just as to refuse them.

There can be nothing objected against the general credit of this work, seeing its truth is established upon universal history ; and almost all the facts, especially those of moment, are confirmed for their general part by all the writers of those times. If they are here embellished with particulars, which are nowhere else to be found, that is the beauty we boast of; and that it is that must recommend this work to all the men of sense and judgment that read it.

The only objection we find possible to make against this work is, that it is not carried on farther ; or, as we may. say, finished, with the finishing the war of the time : and this we complain of also. But then we complain of it as a misfortune to the world, not as a fault in the author ; for how do we know but that this author might carry it on, and have another part finished which might not fall into the same hands, or may still remain with some of his family, and which they cannot indeed publish, to make it seem anything perfect, for want of the other parts which we have, and which we have now made public. Nor is it very improbable, but that if any such farther part is in being, the publishing these two parts may occasion the proprietors of the third to let the world see it ; and that, by such a discovery, the name of the person may also come to be known, which would, no doubt, be a great satisfaction to the reader as well as to us.

XVI PREFACE. MEMOIRS OF A CAVALIER.

This, however, must be said, that if the same author should have written another part of this work, and carried it on to the end of those times ; yet, as the residue of those melancholy days, to the restoration, were filled with the intrigues of government, the political management of illegal power, and the dissensions and factions of a people, who were then even in themselves but a faction, and that there was very little action in the field ; it is more than probable, that our author, who was a man of arms, had little share in those things, and might not care to trouble himself with looking at them.

But, besides all this, it might happen, that he might go abroad again, at that time, as most of the gentlemen of quality, and who had an abhorrence for the power that then governed here, did. Nor are we certain, that he might live to the end of that time, so we can give no account whether he had any share in the subsequent actions of that time.

It is enough, that we have the authorities above to recommend this part to us that is now published ; the relation, we are persuaded, will recommend itself, and nothing more can be needful, because nothing more can invite than the story itself, which, when the reader enters into, he will find it very hard to get out of, until he has gone through it.

THE PUBLISHER OF THE SECOND EDITION TO THE READER.*

The following historical memoirs are writ with so much spirit and good sense> that there is no doubt of their pleasing all such as can form any just pretensions to either. However, as, upon reading of a book, it is a question that naturally occurs, "Who is the author?" and as it is too much the custom in these days, to form our sentiments of a performance, not from its intrinsic merit, but from the sentiments we form of the writer, the present republication of these memoirs will renew an inquiry which has been often made, "Who wrote them?" Some have imagined the whole to be a romance ; if it be, it is a romance the likest to truth that I ever read. It has all the features of truth, it is clothed with her simplicity, and adorned with her charms. Without hazard I may venture to say, were all romance writers to follow this author's example, their works would yield entertainment to philosophers, as well as serve for the amusement of beaux-esprits. But I am fully persuaded, our author, whoever he was, had been early concerned in the actions he relates. It is certain, no man could have given a description of his retreat from Marston-moor to Rochdale, and from thence over the moors to the north, in so apt and proper terms, and in so exact a manner, unless he had really travelled over the very ground he describes. I could point

* Printed at Leeds, by James Lister, without date. VOL. II. b

TO THE READER.

out many other instances in the course of the memoirs, which evidence, that the author must have been well acquainted with the towns, battles, sieges, &c, and a party in the actions he relates. But, as it is needless to do this, all that remains is, to trace our author to his name.

He says he was second son to a Shropshire gentleman, who was made a peer in the reign of King Charles I., whose seat lay eight miles from Shrewsbury. This account suits no one so well as Andrew Newport, Esq., second son to Richard Newport, of High Ercoll, Esq. ; which Richard was created Lord Newport, October 14th, 1642. This Andrew Newport, Esq., whom we suppose our author to be, was, after the Restoration, made a commissioner of the customs, probably in reward of his zeal and good services for the royal cause.

The several illustrations these memoirs furnish to the history of those times they refer to, the variety of adventures they contain, and the elegant account herein given of the wars in Germany and England, will abundantly recommend them to the curious.

MEMOIES

o

CAVA

OF A

MILITAR Y

o:

The WARS m Jerma

The WARS in England,

From the Year 1632, to the Year 1648.

Written above Fourscore Years ago by an English Gentleman, who served first in the Army of Gustavus Adolphus, the glorious King of Sweden, till his Death; and after that, in. the Eoyal Army of King Charles the First, from the Eeginning of the Rebellion, to the End of that War.

Stat. Theb. Lib. 1.

Lucan, Lib. 4.

MEMOIRS

OF

A CAVALIER.

CHAPTER I. Ml* BIRTH AND PARENTAGE STRANGE DREAMS OF MY

MOTHER PREVIOUS TO MY BIRTH MY EDUCATION MY

FATHER EXTREMELY INDULGENT ON MY RETURN FROM

OXFORD, HE PROPOSES MARRIAGE TO ME, WHICH I DECLINE, AND AM PERMITTED TO TRAVEL, ACCOMPANIED

BY A YOUNG COLLEGE ACQUAINTANCE JOURNEY FROM

DOVER TO PARIS, AND INCIDENTS ON THE ROAD AD- VENTURES WHICH HAPPEN AT PARIS ACCOUNT OF OUR

JOURNEY TO ITALY.

It may suffice the reader, without being very inquisitive after my name, that I was born in the county of Salop, in the year 1608; under the government of what star I was never astrologer enough to examine ; but the consequences of my life may allow me to suppose some extraordinary influence affected my birth. If there be anything in dreams also, my mother, who was mighty observant that way, took minutes, which I have since seen in the first leaf of her Prayer Book, of several strange dreams she had while she was with child of her second son, which was myself. Once she noted that she dreamed she was carried away by a regiment of horse, and delivered in the fields of a son, that as soon as it was born had two wings came out of its back, and in half an hour's time flew away from her ; and the very evening before I was born she dreamed she was brought to bed of a son, and that all the while she was in labour a man stood under her window beating on a kettle-drum, which very much discomposed her.

My father was a gentleman of a very plentiful fortune,

VOL. II. B

MEMOIRS OF A CAVALIER.

having an estate of above 5,000Z. per annum, of a family nearly allied to several of the principal nobility, and lived about six miles from the town of High-Excol ; and my

mother being at on some particular occasion, was

surprised there at a friend's house, and brought me very safe into the world.

I was my father's second son, and therefore was not altogether so much slighted as younger sons of good families generally are ; but my father saw something in my genius also which particularly pleased him, and so made him take extraordinary care of my education. •

I was taught therefore, by the best masters that could be had, everything that was needful to accomplish a young gentleman for the world ; and at seventeen years old my tutor told my father an academic education was very proper for a person of quality, and he thought me very fit for it : so

my father entered me of college in Oxford, where I

continued three years.

A collegiate life did not suit me at all, though I loved books well enough. It was never designed that I should be either a lawyer, physician, or divine ; and I wrote to my father that I thought I had stayed there long enough for a gentleman, and with his leave I desired to give him a visit.

During my stay at Oxford, though I passed through the proper exercises of the house, yet my chief reading was upon history and geography, as that which pleased my mind best, and supplied me with ideas most suitable to my genius : by one I understood what great actions had been done in the world, and by the other I understood where they had been done.

My father readily complied with my desire of coming home, for besides that he thought, as I did, that three years' time at the university was enough, he also most passionately loved me, and began to think of my settling near him.

At my arrival I found myself extraordinarily caressed' by my father, and he seemed to take a particular delight in my conversation. My mother, who lived in perfect union with him, both in desires and affection, received me very passionately: apartments were provided for me by myself, and horses and servants allowed me in particular.

My father never went a hunting, an exercise he was exceeding fond of, but he would have me with him ; and it

INDULGENCE OF MY FATHER.

pleased him when he found me like the sport. I lived thus, in all the pleasures 'twas possible for me to enjoy, for about a year more ; when going out one morning with my father to hunt a stag, and having had a very hard chase, and gotten a great way off from home, we had leisure enough to ride gently back ; and as we returned, my father took occasion to enter into a serious discourse with me concerning the manner of my settling in the world.

He told me, with a great deal of passion, that he loved me above all the rest of his children, and that therefore he intended to do very well for me; and that my eldest brother being already married and settled, he had designed the same for me, and proposed a very advantageous match for me with a young lady of very extraordinary fortune and merit, and offered to make a settlement of 2,000Z. per annum on me, which he said he would purchase for me without diminishing his paternal estate.

There was too much tenderness in this discourse not to affect me exceedingly. I told him I would perfectly resign myself unto his disposal. But, as my father had, together with his love for me, a very nice judgment in his discourse, he fixed his eyes very attentively on me ; and though my answer was without the least reserve, yet he thought he saw some uneasiness in me at the proposal, and from thence concluded that my compliance was rather an act of discretion than inclination ; and, that however I seemed so absolutely given up to what he had proposed, yet my answer was really an effect of my obedience rather than my choice ; so he returned very quick upon me, Look you, son, though I give you my own thoughts in the matter, yet I would have you be very plain with me ; for if your own choice does not agree with mine, I will be your adviser, but will never impose upon you ; and therefore let me know your mind freely. I don't reckon myself capable, sir, said I, with a great deal of respect, to make so good a choice for myself as you can for me ; and though my opinion differed from yours, its being your opinion would reform mine, and my judgment would as readily comply as my duty. I gather at least from thence, said my father, that your designs lay another way before, however they may comply with mine ; and therefore I would know what it was you would have asked of me if I had not offered this to you ; and you must not deny me your