Ulrich Zwingli...

Front matter

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.}

/^^ /2 a jcT^r^ it'l^'ULRICH ZWINGLI,

THE PATRIOTIC REFORMER.

Preface

No other reformer struck out a more original and independent course than Ulrich Zwingli. No other man attempted to be, at the same time, a preacher, author, statesman, military patriot and reformer. Whyhe gave such varied direction to his noble energies, and how well he succeeded in his efforts, it is partly the design of the present volume to show. His personal history is full of interesting incidents ; his character rich in admirable qualities ; his public life conveys a lesson upon the mingling of religion and politics which it may be well to ponder in later times. The author has endeavoured to set forth the man and his friends as they grew in piety and laboured together in studying the Word of God, teaching and preaching the truth, and restoring the Church to the foundation of Christ and his Apostles. It may serve as a companion to ^^ William Farey^ thus making tolerably complete the publications of the Presbyterian Board upon the early

4 PREFACE.

history of the Reformation in both French and German Switzerland.

The authorities chiefly consulted are, The Life and Times of Ulrich Zwingli, by J. J. Hottinger — Zwingli^ or the Rise of the Reformation in Switzerland, by R. Christoffel — Histoire de la Confederation Helvetique, par A. L. de Watteville — Histoire de la Reformation de la Suisse, par Abram Ruchat — D^Aubigne's History of the Reformation in the Sixteenth Century — Scott's Continuation of Milner — Stebbing's History of the Church of Christ from the Diet of Augsburg to the Eighteenth Century — Dupin's Ecclesiastical History — Gailard's History of the Reformation — Church Histories by Mosheim, Giesseler and Kurtz — Gerdesii Historia Reformationis — Sleidani, De statu religionis et reipublicse, Carolo Quinto Csesare, Commentarii — Biographic Universelle — Le Grand Dictionnaire Historique, par M. Louis Moreri — Bayle's Dictionary — Hertzog's Real-Encyclopaedie f lir Protestant. Theologie und Kirche. — Leben und Schriften der Vater und Begriinder Reformirten Kirche — Zschokke^s History of Switzerland — Lcdderhose's Life of Melancthon — Cunningham's Reformers and the Theology of the Reformation — Calvin's Letters — The Zurich Letters (by Parker Society) — and Switzerland the Pioneer of the Reformation, by the *^ Countess Dora D'Istria" (Madame Ghika). Reference is had also to such articles in various Reviews

PREFACE. 5

as a fall sketch of Zwingli in Blackwood^s Magazine,

1828, and a life in the Bibliotheca Sacra, vols. viii.

and ix. The field is not a new one, nor is it barren ;

and it is hoped that it may be profitably reaped again

for the benefit of the patrons of the Presbyterian

Board. To the harvest no denomination of Christians

holds an exclnsive title. If the good seed of divine

truth shall be found in the sheaves of this gleaning,

and there be a soil for it in the reader^s heart, the Lord

may bless the volume now committed to his care.

Chapter I. The Age Of Convents

PAGE

Irish Missionaries — Columban — Galhis — Convents of St. Gall and Wildhaus — William Tell — Swiss Confederacy.. 13

Chapter II. Ulrich, The Shepherd-boy

The Zwingli Family — The Flocks on Mount Sentis — Ulrich with his Uncle — ^The Schools — Ulrich Studies at Basle, Berne and Vienna — Eck, Faber, Vadian— Ulrich with Wittembach at Basle — Capito— Leo Juda — Master's Degree 22

Chapter III. The Young Pastor Op Glaris

Ulrich Ordained — A Devoted Pastor — Bible-Studies — Students 34

Chapter IV. The Parson Tempted To War

Cardinal Schinner — New Books for Zwingli — Evils of War — Parson Writes a Poem — Appointed Chaplain in Army — Studies Greek — Visits Basle — Meets Erasmus and Oswald Myconius — Hears (Ecolampadius — Again a Chaplain in Italian War — Old Mass-book — ^Fervent Preaching — Who was First, Zwingli or Luther? 39

Chapter V. Preaching To Pilgrims

PAGE

A Legend— The Convent of Einsidlen — The Abbot Conrad and his Oddities — Geroldsek — Zwingli at Einsidlen — Band of Scholars— Leo Juda — The Nuns — Zwingli's Testament — The Pilgrims — Sermons — Christ alone Saves — Iledio'a Kidt — Bribe offered to Zwingli — Faber the Vicar — A Voice for Reform 55

Chapter VI. The Romish Samson

Papal Indnlgences— Samson in Switzerland — Zwingli's Voice heard — Poor Stapfer — A Noble Horse for a Paper Pardon — Samson's Tricks — The Feathers at Baden — Dean Bui linger of Bremgartcn — A Sharp Di^bate 67

Chapter VII. A New Style Op Preaching

MjTonius at Zurich — Zwingli Follows — Joy of Swiss Students — Olarean — Must Zwingli be a Rent-collector? — New Year's Day Sermon — Sensation — Zwingli's Popularity — Fond of Music — " Studies too much !" — Book-hawker — Samson not Endured at Zurich — A Victory for the Gospel 74

Chapter VIII. Patriotic Labours

The Mercenaries — The "Right of War" — Evils of Selfishness— Tiio (lospel a Remedy for Political Evils S6

Chapter IX. The School Op The Cross

Zwingli at the Baths of Pfefferw— The "OroAt Death" in Ziirich— Zwingli Exposed — SIcknwH — Repov<»ry — Myconius goes to Lucernt! — Zwingli at Basle — Capito— Hedio— Stahol— Attemptij upon Zwingli's life 94

Chapter X. Anna Reinhard And Her Home

PAGE

Gerold Meyer — Anna Hears and Believes — Her Marriage to Zwingli — Her Jewels sold for the Poor — Hospitality— Musical Entertainments — Exiles as Guests — The Knight, Ulrich Hutten— His Writings, Life and Death 107

CHAPTER XL

THE MONKS AND NUNS.

Plenty of each — Faber shows his Real Self— Eck — Cries against Zwingli— A Conference — Reform in Danger — Burgomaster Roust — The Good Triumphs — Four Attacks on Zwingli — He writes Archdeles — His Prayer — Papists Threaten to Bawl — Zwingli and Leo Juda preach to the Nuns — Good Results — Wealth of Convents given to the Poor 119

Chapter XII. The Two Petitions

Synod at Einsidlen — One Petition to the Bishop — Another to the Confederate Diet — Haller and the Bears of Berne — Manuel and his Satires — A Comedy over a Skull — The Wattevilles — Sebastian Meyer — Haller and Fare! 133

Chapter XIII. Myconius In Trouble

Lucerne given to Popery — Attacks on Myconius — Xyloctect — HofFmeister — Conrad Smith's Eloquence — Oswald Circulates the Two Petitions — Only Three Men for the Gospel — ^Myconius Banished — Goes to Einsidlen — Thence to Zurich — An Original Genius — Thomas Plater — Francis Lambert on his Donkey 148

Chapter XIV. New Triumphs

Hetzer writes against Images — Hottinger Destroys them — Images as Firewood — Hottinger Banished — Urban Weiss Seized — Leo Juda and the Monk — A Conference — Hunting down an Aged Believer — Faber's Reserve — A Poor Parson wants a Testament — Pope tries to win Zwingli — The Reformer must be Crushed — Hottinger Beheaded 161

Chapter XV. Hans Wirth And His Sons

PAQE A Victim wanted by Bailiff Amberg — Exlin Seized — The Wirths nisb to the Rea-

ciie — An Army Improvised — Convent of Ittingen Burned — The Wirtha Arrested

— Tried by Torture — Adrian set Free — Hans and John Executed for their

Faith — Zwingli's Dream 176

Chapter XVI

A LOOK WESTWARD. "^ Vadian at St. Gall— The Gospel in Appenzell — Burkli teaches the Grisons — Priest of Mayenfield — Comander at Coire — Zwingli's Brothers — The Tockenburgers — The Gospel in Glaris — Grebel and the Fanatics 187

Chapter XVII. A New Champion

GScolampadius in a Convent— Goes to Basle — Receives William Farel — Will he Agree with Luther or Zwingli? — Disputation at Baden — Contrast between Papists and Reformers — Thomas Plater and his Chickens — Carries notes to Zwingli — Papists claim a Victory 201

Chapter XVIII. Zwingli At Berne

The Throo Groat Contros — TIallpr at Work — Francis Kolb— Conference at Borne — PnpistH will not Attoiid — Zwingli Preachos at Baslo — Priest Converted — Mass Kni^.ik.ii— TmiK'.'^ :iii,l On^in I{n,k<.n— A bloodless Strife 213

Chapter XIX. The Uprising In Basle

A New RlHhop — People Imitate Berno — Destroy Inuiges — Two Parties nndor Arms — (KcolampadiuM Preaches — A Night of Terror— A groat Fire made of Images — Tho Monks floe — Erasmus makes himself RidiculouH an<l Flees — (Ecolampadini Marries ^ 226

Chapter XX. Zwin6li Faces Luther

PAQB

Philip of Ilesse — His Conversion — Francis Lambert — A Priest reads some Theses — Philip would Unite Zwingli and Luther — Invites them to a Conference at Marburg — The Leading Reformers Present — Earnest Discussions on the Lord's Supper— Luther's Obstinacy — His Text on the Velvet Cover — No Agreement — Tlie Plague — Hai'd for Luther to give the Hand of Union — Zwingli's Fears 235

Chapter XXI. Taking The Sword

The two great Parties — The Five Papal Cantons — Strength of the Protestants — Zwingli's Three Mistakes — Union sought in State rather than in Church — Five Cantons allied with Austria — Keyser a Martyr — Zurich Aroused — The two Parties in arms — Zwingli's Anxiety — ^Enemies eat out of same Dish — Good Order among the Protestants — No Blood shed — The Treaty of Cappol — Peace— Poetry. 251

Chapter XXII. The Gospel Weapons

Zwingli's Pen active — Gospel Aggression — Abbot Kilian Loses the Convent of St. Gall— The Monk of Como— Three Monks at Locarno — Diet of Augsburg— The Reformers meet at Zwingli's House— His Westward Tour — He Prepares for war. 265

Chapter XXIII. The Land Blockade Of The Five Cantons

A Wail of Sorrow — Famine and the Plague — What would Zwingli do? — Relent, Retire or take the Sword? — He offers his Resignation — Councils Refuse to Accept it— Strange Omens — The great Comet — Presentiments 276

Chapter XXIV. Perishing With The Sword

Tlie Lad with the two Loaves — The Army of the Five Cantons Marching— Zurich to bo Invaded — ^The Battle begun — Councils Inactive— Treason — Army Gathered —Zwingli goes with it— The Respite— Almost a Peace— A new Attack— Zwingli's

PAGE

Address — Twenty-five Protestant Ministers are Killed — Zwingli Falls; is Insulted, Slain and Purned — Thomas Plater — Myconios — Anna Zwingli's awful Grief— The Council Rouses — Berne and other Cantons send Troops — Francis Kolb — The Treaty of Peace — Papists win some old Ground — ^Thomas Plater and Myconius go to Basle 289