Popery. An enemy to civil and religious liberty, and dangerous to our republic

Front matter

TbPERY.

AN ENEMY TO

CIVIL AND RELIGIOUS

CHAP. I. Popery in its Principles and Spirit in no RESPECT CHANGED FOR THE BETTER. 35

This important fact denied by two very opposite classes, namely — Jesuits and ill-informed Protestants. Appeals to young Americans on the subject. An outcry, made for effect, by some against our free discussion ; as if we were instituting an actual persecution for religion. This not strictly a religious controversy: — it is a defence of our civil and religious liberty, against a dangerous foreign enemy. A popular ■objection raised against those who oppose the inroad of popery, namely — What can such a mere handful do against the United States 7 Two questions respectfully submitted in reply to this. Proof of serious danger to our free institutions. Our too hberal Protestants receive no thanks from the Jesuits, for their officious apologies volunteered in their behalf. A serious qiiestion proposed, touching nominal Protestants, who continue to favour papists.

CJHAP. II. Popery a fatal enemy to Religious Liberty. .44 Religious liberty never to be shackled by any law of man, or any human systems. Without religibus liberty, no people can be truly said to enjoy civil liberty. The men whose religious creeds and practices tend to destroy, or in any degree, abridge rehgious liberty, are natural enemies to civil hberty. 1st, This fatal tendency charged on popery. Its first principles necessaril}/; tend to destroy the natural rights of conscience. It prohibits the use of the Holy Scriptures in the people's vernacular. It denounces Bible Societies. It imposes on the human conscience, a novel system of mere human invention : and it imposes this false religion on the conscience by civil penalties, wherever it has the power. 2d. This tendency charged on popery, because it has the necessary effect of corrupting the public morals, and abridging the freedom of thought. Proof from national facts. It tends to dissolve the very bonds of civil society. Proof of this. It declares, as one of its dogmas, that No faith is to be kept with heretics, where it has the power; and it dispenses with the most solemn oaths, and dissolves the bonds 1* of a people's allegiance to their government. Proof of this from historical facts.

CHAP. III. 3d. Roman Priests incapable of being true Republican Citizen. • • . • • 55

Proof. They are the subjects of a foreign despot. They are sworn by the only oath which can bind a priest, and to the only sovereign which they confess to be their superior. Copy of their great oath. Specimen of the haughty claims of Romish priests. Quotation, in which they teach that a priest is as superior to a magistrate, as a man is superior to a beast. Specimen of the effects of this insufferable haughtiness. The Confessional. Popery organized on these dangerous principles, even in our own republic. The pope admitted to be the superior of papists, even in temporal things. This, of course, denied; but there is no point more susceptible of proof. Specimen of proof. 4th. Popery the Resolute Enemy of Popular Education. Proof from their dogmas, and national facts. Their Indexes. Our best English Classics all proscribed. Proof. Case of Galileo and modern astronomy. Doblado's Letters on the state of education in Spain, quoted.

Chap. IV 67

5th. The Romish Priests wield a tremendous power over their people, by their doctrine of /n^en^ion. Explanation of this thing. Specimen of its practical apphcation. Priests gravely assume the power to convey grace by xheix intention^ through each of their seven sacraments. A seven-fold weapon thus wielded by these ghostly tyrants, over the people's consciences. . Specimen. Papists believe that their destinies in time, and for eternity, are always and entirely in their priests' hands. Hence the secret of the priest's unbounded power over them. 6th. The Confessional another dangerous instrument of spiritual despotism. Priests seat themselves in the temple of God, and in his throne — they pardon sins, not declaratively merely, but judicially. This another source of their dangerous power over the victims of their superstition. Curious anecdote. 7th. The Romish priesthood lay claims to the extraordinary power of damning SOULS. Proof. 8th. Purgatory another singular weapon of their destructive influence. Its meaning. Nature. Use. The Romish priesthood sets out with the astonishing claims to the power and authority of bringing any soul out of pui-gatory, at the proper prices fixed by their church. The natural effects of all these claims of sacerdotal influence. The papists are thence in the hands of their priests, who can wield them, if they please, against all law, all order, all government! CHAP. V. 9th. Popery Hostile to Liberty and Rights

OF Conscience.... 83

Anecdote of a person at the Confessional, who ventured t

to think for himself. Popery assumes the elemental tenet, that laymen have no right to the liberty of conscience. 1st. The pope affects to give to the Bible all the authority it has. Popery a religio-n transacted wholly by proxy. The Duke of Brunswick s fifty reasons for becoming a papist. 2d. By baptism, the papist is actually made a slave, "to be compelled" by his priests to adopt their religion. The church of Rome recognises baptism performed bv laymen, and even by heretics. This apparent liberahty ib really a yoke, by which they further their domination over all. Appalhng proof of this in the instance of the cruelly entreated Moors of Spain. 3d. No R. C. Diocess, or Chapel, is permitted to have any voice in the choice of their spiritual guides. Foreign despots dictate to them their guides, without any appeal. This uproots every principle of liberty. 4th. No popish layman allowed to read the Bible, or draw his own religion by his own conscience, from it. Specimen of papal conspiracy against the Bible. 5th. Popery dictates to men's consciences articles of faith that were never revealed by God. Specimen. Mass. Origin of the phrase Hocus pocus. These fictions, thus imposed on men, put an end to all liberty of conscience.

Chap. VI 99

PoPERv farther shown to be the same unchanged evil, and foe of man, as in the Dark Ages. These Dark Ages, in fact, the Augustan Age of popery. They are looked back to, with feelings of pride, and exultation, by all Romish priests. Ignorance the mother of devction. The pope's Index Prohibitory. Dens' Theology. Quotations from this INFAMOUS text book of Maynooth Colle2e. Its horrible tenets. The Jesuit's confession of faith in Hungary. The

f)resent pope's Circular Letter quoted, against all claims to iberty of conscience. 6th. Proof of hostihty to liberty of conscience, from the deeds of popery. Persecutions. Specimen of them. Waldenses. Albigenses. Jews. Moors. Indians. Massacres by papists. Charles IX. Duke of Alva. Louis XIV. Q.ueen Mary. Number of victims who fell in defence of freedom of conscience. 7th. The Inquisition a mortal enemy to hberty of conscience. Auto da fe. Amount of its victims in Spain. The Inquisition is put down nationally, but everv bishop is the Inquisitor in his own diocess. Hence the dungeon cells under every cathedral, the seat of the bishop.

Chap. VII. 108

Popery a determined enemy of a Free Press. The opinions of papists on this subject are not to be learned from the constrained and unwilling toleration wrung from the priesthood in this republic, in its favour. The unusual affectations of liberality towards it here, in fact at war with Catholicity in Europe. Aim of the Roman Catholic press among us. Its character. It studiously flatters the neutral, and liike warm Protestants among us. Its ierocious denunciation of those who raise the veil off its nupieties, treasons, and mischiefs. I. Papists employ the very freedom of the press gradually to dcstrov itshberty, and all free discussion. Proof. 1st. Certain queries put to them. 2d. Proof from the perpetuated existence of their Indexes. 3d. From the barbarism of every popish country. 4th. From papal edicts, and the influence of selfish ignorance thrown in the way of the Arts and Sciences. Galileo, and modern astronorny, aro still under the ban. Burgoigne's " Modern Spain" quoted. 5th. From their deadly opposition to freemen's meetings, and all free discussion ; ejected in popish lands, by positive prohibition ; and attempted in our land, by outrage, riots, and mobs. II. The practical displays of popery against the free press. Proofs. Specmiens. Quotations frorn doctors. Decrees of councils. The pope's circular. National facts, in Europe. In South America.

CHAP. VIII. POPBE-Y INVARIABLY UNITES ChURCH AND State where it has the Power. ; • • 122

This unnatural union esi-ential to popery. Jesuits, of course, deny this fact. They labour to co'nceal it. The striking method resorted to by them, in order to conceal this disgusting and unpopular feature, is this, — boldly to raise the hue and cry against Protestants, and charge upon them the very thing of which they are accused. Proof that popery, by its essential elements, combines church and state. 1st. From factr^ in its history. 2d. It is peremptorily avowed by the preset t pope, in his circular of 1833. (Quotations frorn this Bull. This union different from that in England. Papists unite church and state so as to make a tool of the state^ to advance its own intolerant principles. Popish kings in Europe have for a thousand years been " the pope's hangmen." Proof. These infamous and outrageous principles carefully instilled into the pupils' minds, in all the popish seminaries in our land. The Jesuits have only to accomplish three things in order to succeed in their conspiracy against our liberties. 1. Corrupt the pubhc morals. 2. Imbue the minds of our youth with European principles^ of absolutism. 3. Create a vicious and turbulent population in the U. States. Popery and Jesuitism shown to be the very weapons forged by the master-skill of Satan, to effect these atrocious objects against our country.

PART 11.

SHOWING THAT POPERY IS A FATAL ENEMY TO CIVIL

LIBERTY.

Chap. I. 131

Popery a singular anomaly. No other svstem of imposture at aa equai lo il, in the old or new world, — in ancient and modern times. It imposes on its victims a system compounded of all the elements of tyranny, superstition, and flagitiousness of paganism, together with all the despotism anci refinement of idolatry and wickedness, in modern times. Its government an equally singular anomaly. Its claims of ABSOLUTE SUPREMACY. Risc and progress of this ghostly power in the church. Constantine's unhappy policy. Three kinds of Episcopacy according to an old writer. Evangelical Episcopacy. Human Episcopacy. Diabolical Episcopacy. The last, that of popery. Who, in reality, claimed Jirst to be Universal bishop. This Jlrst in the Greek, — not the Roman Church. Curious fact that St. Gregory, the pope, himself rebuked this claim as antichristian. Gradual rise over the bishop's power by the Roman pope. Gradual rise and progress of the pope's temporal power. The popes first wrested from the emperors the right of calling councils; next, the right of presiding in couiicils ; next, the pope was made a temporal prince, by the influence of a nmrderer and traitor. Triple crown. Why it is triple. The popes next usurped supreme civil poxcer^ through the base policy of Charlemagne.

CHAP. II 138 The Head of the Roman Catholic Church claims

AND exercises TeMPORJ^L POWER AS WELL AS SPIRITUAL

POWER, in all countries where it has the majority of numbers. Proof of this from four sources. First — From R.0- man catholic doctors of approved and standard authority in that church. Quotations from Blasias, proving that the pope, as vicar of God, has supreme power over all magistrates. From Bzovius, that the pope is supreme prince over all Christian princes. From Mancinus, that all powers are dependent on the pope. From Moscovius, that all civil powers are the pope's subjects. From Scioppius, that the pope's power is imperial, and even over life and death. From Salmeron, that the pope is supreme over all civil governments. From Maynardas, that the popes have supieme power over civil rulers, and laws. Quotations from cardinals and saints, showirg that thepope is held to be above all civil thrones, and all human laws. From Bellarmine, who is the fullest in proving the pope's power to Ve absolute, and over all civil rulers. Appeal to facts. The pope has created kings, and created nations into kingdoms. Instance of this.

CHAP. III. The Pope claims and exercises Temporal as WELL AS Spiritual Power • • 143

Proof continued. Second — From Canon Law. This law of supreme authority with papists. Ridiculous attempt of the obscure Jesuits of Maynooth College, to set aside or «3cplain away this Canon Law. This law actually invests the pope with power to dispense with all oaths, and vows. Q.uotations in evidence of this. It vests in the pope the power of annulling any civil law, for the good of Holy Mother. Priests are constituted by it, civil judges; and civil rulers it makes the tools of the church. Proof. The curious Jesuitism of the Maynooth Professors, in their annihilating explanations of this. Analysis of the Bull In Coena Domini. It lodges supreme civil povyer with the pope. This Bull ordered to be annually published. CHAP. IV. — The Roman Pope claims, and exercises, Temporal AS WELL AS Spiritual Power _• • • 151

Proof continued. T'/iird — From the acts and doings of popes. Gradual rise of ghostly despotism. Pope Gregory actually rebuked the eastern pope, who first set up his claims of universal bishopin the East. At first, no pope claimed, or even thought of claiming, power over emperors or magistrates. Proof They advanced slowly and cautiously to this civil powder, then boldly by imposture and crime. Gregory II. Adrian I. Specimen of sundry popes \yaxing bolder and bolder, by the very success of their criminal enterprises. Pope Gregory VII, usually styled ^' pope Hellbrandy^' carried out the papal power to the most audacious and criminal extreme. Pope Urban. The bloody pope Innocent III. Specimen of nis laying all civil powders at the pope's feet. Boniface VIII. Adrian IV. and Henry II. of England. They barter for, betray, and finally conquer, and ruin Ireland. The pope's smoke-money, or Peter's pence. John of England, and Innocent III. The Roman popes, and Henry VIII, a.nd Queen Ehzabeth. All these papal claims, and usurpations, have never been disavowed, nor withdrawn.

CHAP. V. — The Pope claims' and exercises civil as well AS spiritual power. • 158

Proof continued. Farther instances of Popes rigorously exercising temporal power. Paul III. PiusV. Extracts from his Bull against Queen Elizabeth. Julius III, his new coin. Sixtus V. Alexander VI, claims power over all lands discovered, or not discovered. He parcels out America to his favourites. Curious blunder of his Infallible Vicarship, in dividing the new world, on the supposition that the globe was a vast Jiat plain ! Paul V, abrogates civil law in the 17th century. Defenders and sufferers for the Pope's teiuporal power, raised to the highest honours — some actually made Saints. Specimens. Aquinas. Anselra. Becket. Even assassins have been sainted. The notorious Garnet, w^ho was executed as a conspirator in The Gunpowder Plot, is now Saint Henry ! Curious shuffling of the Maynooth Professors, in explaining away this power claimed by Popes. Den's Theology in Maynooth. Anecd9tes of Philip III— of Cromwel, and the Portuguese Inquisition. Pius VII, and his excommunication of Napoleon. The present Pope and Don Pedro. Reply to the usual objection, that papists frankly take the oath of allegiance here.

CHAP. VI. — The Pope claims temporal as well as spir- ITtJAL POWER 171

Proof continued. Fourth— From the decrees of General Councils. Eight General Councils by their solemn decrees, have invested the Pope with supreme power, over all secular powers. 1. The Fourth Council of Lateran. 2. Of Lyons. It deposed the Emperor Frederick II. This council lays down these principles,— that the Pope has the right and authority to interfere in the internal, regulations of secular governments, — that he has a right to inflict civil pains, — that he has absolute civil power to inflict civil pains. 3. Of Vienna It decreed that God had given such power to the church, that the civil kingdom belonged to her. 4. Of Constance. Its outrageous decrees agamst France, and the Duke of Austria. 5. Of Pisa. It deposed all civil rulers who should obey either of the two Popes, which it had deposed. 6. Of Basil. It deposed all magistrates who should refuse obedience to the new made Pope. 7. of Lateran. The Pope's two swords, defended. 8. Of Trent. It establishes the Pope's right to interfere, with authority, in the internal affairs of a kingdom. Rucellai, a Roman Catholic statesman, gives a masterly exposition of the Bull, In Coena.

CHAP. VII. — The Roman Catholic Priests, a privileged ORDER. • • • 178

Proof of this. " Rome the capital of the Christian world." The Pope, their master. Popery is a great political engine. Not ( hristianity. Contrast of popery and Christianity. The one grand aim of popery is to secure power, riches, and plea- - sures. Priests are the Pope's officers in his ^rand standing army. Their real object in invading us — their policy — their character— perfectly fitted for their work of mischief Mrst^ They are isolated beings. Celibacy, facetiously called chastity. They have no ties to bind them to a country. Guilty debauched solitaires. Reckless janizaries. They have nothing to lose by national losses, and nothing to gain by our national prosperity. The Roman priest has no country, no wife, children, or home. He is a fit instrument for any mischief and debauchery. Second, Bishops and Priests are vassals of a foreign power. Never can be citizens, never can be repubhcans. Despotism sucked in with their mother's milk. Sworn bv the only power they confess, and by the only oath that can Sind them. Proof of this. Copy of their oath. Analysis of it. Third, Priests are not allowed by their master at Rome, to take an oath of allegiance to any secular government. Proof Fourth^ Priests exempt from taxes in all lands where popery has power.

CHAP. VIII. — ^RoMAN Catholic Priests a privileged order.. .186

Proof continued. Fyth— In popish lands the priests are declared to be 710^ amenable to civil authority for any crime. Explanation. We distinguish between facts, and the Pope's dogmas. Proof of this exempcion. Shuffling of the Maynooth doctors, to evade this position. BeUarmine advocates this dangerous exemption of the priesthood. Sixth — Priests and laymen who are true to their own Catholic tenets, can ii . no case, be true republicans. Additional notice, and ITOof of this heavy charge. 1st. Because they are the Pope's Sjubjects. Farther notice and proof. This being the case, no reliance can be placed on their oath of allegiance to government. Proof of this. There is a dispensing power, allowing them, in fact, to take any oath, and to break through it. Anecdotes. Charles V. Judge Gaston, N. Carolina.

CHAP. IX. — Roman Catholic Priests a privileged order .194

Proof continued. Seventh — They are the Pope's tax gatherers. Specimen of the ghostly taxes paid by papists. They are enormously taxed. Anecdote of a priest now living in Maryland. Extent of the priestly taxes in England. Ongin of the old Mortmain law. The sacerdotal taxes in Spain. Venice. A call upon the Roman Cathohc laymen of the United States, to procure an account, if possible, of papal taxations here. An appeal to republicans, and christians, against these foreign Roman tax-gatherers.

Chap. X 199

A summary of the doctrines and practices of the Romish church, held by modern papists in our republic.

CONCLUSION 202

Such the power organized by the foreign despot of Rome. This sustained by fire and sword. Five forms of persecution carried on by the Romish Hierarchy. Such the principles most vigorously propagated here, in our country, by Jesuit emissaries, from the different De propaganda of papal Europe. Papal colonies now being poured in upon us. Bishop England quoted. Evidence of foreign despots employing this system of popery, and those Jesuits as their tools '* in educating and converting America.^' Charles X. quoted as patronising this foreign conspiracy against our institutions. Metternich. Schlegel. The papists, here, move in a body, in politics^ as a religious sect. Proof. Instances. Bardstown College. Flaget. Baraga. Quotations from the pubUshed Reports of tlie Leopoldine Institution. The address which, by facts, we are led to beheve the Metterniches and Schlegels, will make to the Jesuits, and colonies of papists sent m upon us. An earnest appeal to all our fellow-citizens.

Appendix.— I. Jesuit's Oath. II. London Beggars* petition. III. Index Expurgatorius. IV. Absolution, \. Prayer to tha Virgin Mar)^

Introduction

Europe has been chained down in mental slavery for more than a thousand years. Popery, and its vassals, the despotic princes, forged those chains, and have rivetted them.

But a gigantic struggle for liberty, and the rights of man, is now going on there. The holy fire which was so religiously preserved alive on the pure altar of truth, in the darkest ages, by the Christians and gallant spirits who lived in the Alpine valleys, kept up a dim, but steady light, in the midst of the obscurity. It gleamed forth, for a season, in the days of Huss, and Jerome of Prague ; it blazed out resplendently at the ever blessed Reformation of Luther. And it is now rolling onward, with an irresistible intensity of light and heat, over every kingdom of Europe. Even Spain is happily beginning to be convulsed, notwithstanding the unparalleled pressure of darkness and priestcraft on her.

The despotic powers, who facetiously style themselves the Legitimates^ are summoning to their aid every means which conscious guilt and terror can suggest, to crush the rising spirit of liberty. Their present struggle with the people, is for the retention li INTRODUCTION.

of their plunder, and the perpetuity of their usurped power. No effort of genius and skill, no labour nor expense, no sacrifice of even millions of lives, will be spared to extinguish the last rays of liberty ; and to drive the people back to their dungeons, to slumber another generation, in the deathlike stillness of mental slavery. " As long as I live," said one of the despotic princes lately, " I will oppose a will of iron to the progress of liberal opinions." And these military powers will bring brazen heads and iron hearts to the terrible conflict !

No member of the Holy Alliance is ignorant of the fact, that this sacred light was rekindled by gallant and religious spirits in the United States ; and has thrown its radiance across the Atlantic with an intense and alarming brightness. The French officers and soldiers, who served in the war of our Revolution, learned here a lesson which could not easily be forgotten by them. They perceived the spirit that is breathed by a Protestant people ; and tasted the sweets of that liberty which the gallant citizens of the United States secured to themselves. They went home : the painful contrast, which their trodden-down Catholic country forced upon their hearts, rendered the love of American liberty doubly dear. And they hastened to reduce the lesson they had learned to some practical use.

Unhappily for France, neither the leaders of her Revolutions, nor the great mass of the population, understood pure republicanism. It is certain that they were morally unfit to be republicans: they understood not the noble theory of self-government ; they were too ignorant, and too vicious, for the enjoyment of the holy boon of self-government. Leaders of mobs are not fit to be reformers : riotous tumults are not meetings of a free people : brutal licentiousness is not liberty : the demon of proscription and massacres is not the genius of reformation. An enlightened, steady, reflecting, and moral people alone, are capable of self-government. Such was the character of the Americans of the Thirteen States of ^6. Such was not the character of the French ; such is not the character of our neighbours of South America and Mexico.

No intelligent politician wondered at the failure of the French Revolution. No one is surprised at the endless counter revolutions and mobocracy of South America. History and painful experience have confirmed the fact, that no nation, which has been long overrun, and consequently paralyzed, by the genius of popery, the nurse of ignorance and slavish principles, can possibly become republican all at once. There must be a resurrection before the dead can move : there must be light and life, before there can be action : there must be a perfect regeneration of the national mind and spirit from all that is strictly popery, before a nation can take its rank as an enlightened and free people, among the kingdom.s of the earth. The history of the Spanish republics in the south, makes it manifest to every one, that if the old thirteen states had been thoroughly imbued with popery, neither the potent influence of the old Congress of '76, nor the profound wisdom, and military skill of the immortal Washington himself, could have saved them ; far less given them independence !

Every crowned head in Europe rejoiced at the fall of the abortive republic of France. And over its ruins, they repeated with the greatest self-complacency and gratulation, the old maxim, that No republic ever yet possessed sufficient stability to endure long ! While, as shrewd politicians, they hastened to adopt measures to perpetuate the reign of those elemental principles, that are so congenial to despotism, and so fatal to the rights and liberties of man.

" The schoolmaster," said they, ''" is abroad ; but we shall put him under a salutary espionage ! The press has the temerity to utter the most dangerous maxims : it must be gagged ! The pulpit has been the potent auxiliary of liberalism in popular assemblies : that must be subsidized ! The whole Roman priesthood shall be our soldiers. Our military shall, in return, be placed in his Holiness' service, and will prove themselves admirable illuminators of the public mind ; and the most judicious censors of our religion, and national morals. Fanatics may reason by the rules of logic, and the gospel. Our bayonets will certainly exhibit a shorter process ; and reach more convincing arguments to the hearts of fanatics, and republicans !"

This is the genuine doctrine of popery and despotism, wherever they have a foothold in the old world. While, in Rome, Naples, and Austria, the clanking of the chains, and the sound of the hammer, rivetting them on their writhing victims, has been heard louder and louder than ever, from the dreary dungeons. And the cordon of guards has bee 1 doubled, to prevent the importation of literature, and liberal principles; and stop the march of the schoolmaster over the land I

Now, what nation is it that continues firmly to give the lie to the cherished maxim of tyranny, Tliat no republic possesses the elements of stability in it ? What nation is it that continues to demonstrate the fact, that a people can govern themselves ; and be a mighty people, without a standing army : a religious people, without a state religion ; and a glorious people, without kings or popes ; shavelings or nobles 1 What nation is it, to which all the people of Europe turn their eyes with longing desires after our freedom, in spite of the frowns of their oppressors, or their cordon sanitaire of steel ? It is our republic, whose free institutions they have long admired ; to whose happiness and prosperity they look with feelings of envy, and the hope that makes the heart sick : whose books, and free constitutions, they contrive to obtain ; and study with the feelings of men who burn with eager desires to achieve their rights and liberties. "Behold,'' say they, "one great nation which has made itself free. And every other nation might, in like manner, make itself free, were they only as willing, as united, as intelligent,

2* and as yirtuous, as were the brave Americans of seventy-six !"

Now, I put it to our fellow-citizens to say, — if the despotic powers on the continent of Europe can be supposed to be so very ignorant as not to know all this : or so utterly indifferent to a sense of their own safety, as to shut their eyes against the influence which the very existence — not to say the successful operation of our flourishing republic — has visibly wrought upon their subjects ? Can v^e conceive any thing more calculated to keep alive, and to stimulate to the highest degree, that virtuous restlessness and salutary agitation, which the people, there, are constantly exhibiting and cherishing under their galling yoke ? The truth is this, — not one of the Legitimates of Europe feels himself firmly seated on his throne ; or even safe in the midst of his steel walls of bayonets, so long as our happy republic stands out before the eyes of his subjects, in its growing strength and increasing glory ; and holding out an inviting asylum to the oppressed of all nations. Its very existence is a standing memorial before his eyes of what man's wisdom and courage can do, when he wills to be free. Its very existence seems to every despot, in his just fears, to beckon upon all men to rise likewise in their strength, and vindicate their natural rights 1

Can any reflecting man suppose that these are not reasons sufficient enough, to rouse each despot on the European continent to the most desperate hatred against our republican government and free institutions ? Can any thing be conceived, amid all the movements, and revolutions of nations, more calculated to do this, than such a republic, in an unexampled state of prosperity, being always before the eyes of these jealous and alarmed princes ? And is it not quite idle to suppose that such men, having at their command such resources, will stop short of the most determined and persevering opposition, not merely to our prosperity, but even to the very idea of tolerating our existence ? Well does each one of these despots know, that they soon must fall, or we must fall ! There is no possibility of a compromise. What the mouth -piece of the Holy Alliance said of their purposes against liberty in Europe, discloses their intentions towards us. "The present generation is lost; but we must labour with zeal and earnestness to improve the spirit of that to come. It may require a hundred years : I am not unreasonable : I give you a whole age ; but you must work without relaxation."