Ireland and her church

Front matter

IRELAND AND HER CHURCH.

" Doctor Leland begins his History of Ireland too late." (the 12th century) " The ages which deserve our exact enquiry, are those times (for such they were) when Ireland was the school of the West, the quiet habitation of sanctity and literature ; if you could give a history, though imperfect, of the Irish nation, from its conversion to Christianity, to the invasion from England, you would amplify knowledge with new views, and new objects." —Br. Johnson's letter to Charles O'Conor.

" The great source of Irish misery has been, — not the power of England, — but its want of power." — Br. Phelan.

Preface

The favourable reception which the former edition of this work received from the public, has encouraged the author to publish a new and enlarged edition ; and for the purpose of removing, in some degree, the obscurity in which the subject is involved, and to prepare the way for the fuller developement of the ecclesiastical history of Ireland, a short analysis of her secular history, as far as it is connected with the church, is prefixed, as a leading article to each division of the work ; which has made a change in the title of the book necessary, from ' Outlines of the History of the Church in Ireland,' to that of ' Ireland and her Church.'

The history of Ireland, from the introduction of Christianity to the present time, naturally divides itself into three parts. First, from the second to the twelfth century. Secondly, from the Norman invasion in that century, to the Reformation in the sixteenth ; and thirdly, from the Reformation to the present day.

In the first period of her history, Ireland was independent, both in

Via PREFACE.

church and state, of any foreign potentate whatsoever, and possessed a considerable share of those benefits which result from industry, laws, and literature ; with perhaps as much tranquillity, public and private, as was enjoyed by Greece, at its most brilliant period. During the sixth, seventh, eighth, and part of the ninth century, she was (in the language of Dr. Johnson) * the school of the west, the quiet habitation of sanctity and literature/ Her mitred missionaries were the honoured instruments in the hands of God, of evangelizing the greater part of Saxon-England and Scotland ; and not content with this, she extended * the cords of her tent ' over almost every part of the continent of Europe. Let the reader stand in imagination on the top of mount St. Gothard, where her house of refuge still remains, and looking to the north and to the south, to the east and to the west, he will be able to trace, with the map of Europe in his hand, the footsteps of the Irish missionaries, through France, Germany, Switzerland, and Italy, imparting to the inhabitants of these extensive regions, the blessings of pure Christianity and moral civilization.

Her seminaries and her churches at home, during the same period, were the asylums of learned men from all parts of the continent of Europe. King's sons were among her honourable pupils. In Great Britain, the colleges and churches of Iona, Malmesbury, Lindisfarne, with many others; and on the continent of Europe, Lieuxeu, and Fontains in France ; Sekingen, Limmat, Zurich, Tuggen, Arbon, Dissentes, St. Gall, "Wurzburg, and Saltzburg, in Germany and Switzerland; and Pavia, Tarentum, and Bobbio in Italy; all proclaim the same truth, that Ireland was the focus, from which the light of divine truth was shed over the greater part of the continent of Europe.

' We find also, (says Mosheim) Irish divines, discharging with the highest reputation and applause, the functions of Doctors in France, Germany, and Italy, both during this, (the eighth), and the following century.' ' It was not a doubtful ray of science and superstition, (as the infidel historian of the Roman empire remarks,) that those mis-

PREFACE. IX

sionaries diffused over the northern regions ; superstition, on the contrary, found them her most determined foes/

In the ravages of the Danes, which commenced in the ninth century, we lose all distinct notices of things, in one sanguinary chaos of rapine and revenge. When men began to recover from this sad visitation, it was felt, that religion had suffered grievously. The horrors of intestine warfare, favourable, in single instances, to an austere and unsocial piety, are fatal to the milder virtues ; and three centuries of invasion will suffice for the corruption of the finest people. This may, in some measure, account for the state in which Ireland was found, when the Anglo-Normans invaded our shores.

The second period of Irish history commences from the invasion and partial conquest of Ireland, in the latter part of the twelfth, to the Reformation in the sixteenth century. " The tale of woe," as a Roman Catholic historian feelingly expresses it, ' which followed the invasion of the Normans, when Pope Adrian handed over the Emerald Isle to the tender mercies of adventurers, baffles all description. The statute of Kilkenny alone, is indeed a solecism in the legislation of civilized nations, and has left a stigma on the character of popish England which never can be obliterated : not content with excluding ' the mere Irish, or Irish Rebels/ (the name given to the members of the Irish Church, who were considered by the popish aristocracy of that day, as heretics of the very worst character) from all the common rights of humanity, — the very brutes that perish were not exempted from the tender mercies of the Norman Romanists : ' An Irish horse was not permitted to graze on the pasture of an Englishman/

During this dark and gloomy period of three centuries and an half, the Irish Church still exhibited symptoms of life and animation, and we are informed by the decisive testimony of Dr. Lanigan, himself a Romanist, and others, ' that wherever the natives maintained their independence/ which they did in the greater part of Ireland, during this

X PREFACE.

period, ' the clergy and people followed their own ecclesiastical rules, as if the synod of Cashel had never been held.'

At the Reformation, commences the third period of Irish History. The novelties of the Romish Church were discarded, and the primitive Irish Church became again the Established Church of this realm ; and ' all sorts and conditions of men,' joyfully gave in their adhesion to it. It is a well recognized fact, that in the reigns of Henry, Edward, and Elizabeth, the entire mass of the population, lay and ecclesiastical, outwardly conformed to the ritual of the Established Church, and that Ireland for the first time in her annals, was then at peace under one acknowledged sovereign.

The melancholy change that took place in the ecclesiastical affairs of Ireland can only be accounted for, by the powers of Europe, headed by the Pope, uniting to destroy by brutal force, the Church of Ireland, just emerging from its degradation ; and by a continuation of that wretched policy, which had marked the government of England in former days. The language and dress of the people were again prohibited by new statutes ; the service of the church was again performed in an unknown language, which at once threw back the professors of the ancient religion of the country into the hands of the Anglo-Irish, who had now received a new importation of bishops from Rome, and were become greater and more determined enemies to England, than the native Irish themselves.

The taunting proverb, that the admitted failure of the Church, in converting the natives from the errors of Romanism, has been mainly attributed to the wealth and consequent indolence and neglect of its pastors, will, I hope, receive an answer, from the statement of facts in the following pages ; and it will be seen that so far from this being the case, till within the last fifty years, the Church's destitution palsied its efforts, for any useful or benevolent purpose.

But the most extraordinary feature in the history of the Church in Ireland, is, that like her Waldensian sister of the wilderness, she has

PREFACE. XI

always been a Protestant Church. In the primitive age a witness against the usurped authority of Rome, and in the two latter periods protesting against the doctrines and practices of her corrupt system of religion.

The forcible introduction of Romanism into Ireland, in the latter part of the twelfth century, became the fruitful source of a series of calamities, hardly to be equalled in the history of the world ; a second attempt of the same kind, and for the same purpose, is now making, by the present ministers of the crown, which if persisted in, will end in the dismemberment of the empire, and in the decline and fall of the British Nation.

The writers of the present day, whose works on Ireland, have been referred to in this publication, are as follows : —

Pamphlet on Ireland, by Lord Alvanley.

Answer to that Pamphlet, by the Earl of Roden.

Lord Lifford on Ireland.

Memoir on Ireland, Native and Saxon, by Daniel O'Connell, Esq. M.P.

Did the early Church in Ireland acknowledge the Pope's

supremacy ] Answer in a letter to Lord John Manners, from Daniel

Rock, D.D.

Church of St. Patrick, an historical enquiry into the independence of

the Ancient Irish Church, by the Rev. William G. Todd. " The present crisis of the Church of Ireland considered," by

Dr. Miller.

AUTHORITIES CITED.

St. Patrick's confessions.

The venerable Bede, Romanist.

Giraldus Cambrensis, Romanist.

Hallam's Constitutional History of England.

Hume's History of England.

Gibbon's Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire.

Iren^eus.

Archbishop Usher's Works.

St. Jerome.

O'Halloran's History on Ireland, Romanist

Columbanus' Epistles, Romanist.

Prosper's Chronicle, Romanist.

'en

LIST OF WORKS. Xlll

Grose's Monastic Antiquities.

Lanigan's History of Ireland, Romanist*

O'Connor's History of Ireland, Romanist.

O'Connor's, Charles, Senr. Dissertation, Historical Address,

Romanist.

Milner, Dr., Dissertation, Romanist.

Valerio, Cardinal, Romanist* Cumian, The Elder.

The Hymn of Fiech.

The Cottonian MS.

Willes' Lives of illustrious and distinguished Irishmen. Camden's Hibernia.

Mosheim's, Ecclesiastical History.

Bingham's Antiquities.

St. Bernard's Life of Malachy, Romanist.

Ledwich's Antiquities.

O'Driscoll's Views of Ireland, Romanist.

Origines Anglicans, Dr. Innet.

Phelan's Policy of the Church of Rome.

Leland's History of Ireland.

Gillibert, Bishop of Limerick, Romanist.

Plowden's History of Ireland, Romanist.

Chapter I. The Secular History Of Ireland Ireland Divided Into Five

KINGDOMS — THE KINGDOMS WERE SUBJECT TO THE LAW OF TANISTRY

THE LAND-OWNERS' TENURE THAT OF IRISH GAVELKIND — THE

BREHON-LAW COSHERY BONAGH THE INTRODUCTION OF CHRISTIA- NITY INTO IRELAND — ST. CATHALDUS CORMAC HEBER ST. ALBE

THE PROGRESS OF EDUCATION SEDULIUS CELESTIUS ENMITY OF

THE ANCIENT IRISH TO EVERY THING CONNECTED WITH ROME THE

PROTESTANT CHARACTER OF THE ANCIENT IRISH CHURCH.

pages 1 — 13.

Chapter II. Palladius, The First Missionary From The See Of Rome His

MISSION A FAILURE THE EASTERN ORIGIN OF THE IRISH CHURCH

THE LIFE OF ST. PATRICK HIS MISSION NOT FROM ROME THE CON- TROVERSY CONCERNING THE MISSION OF ST. PATRICK — THE FLOURISH- ING STATE OF RELIGION IN IRELAND IRELAND THE SEAT OF

LEARNING THE TESTIMONY OF MOSHEIM pages 14 35.

CONTENTS. XV

CHAPTER III. THE GREAT MULTITUDE OF BISHOPS IN IRELAND ANIMOSITY TO f THE

CHURCH ON THE PART OF ROME THE CHURCHES IN SCOTLAND AND

THE NORTH OF ENGLAND SUPPLIED WITH BISHOPS AND PRESBYTERS FROM THE IRISH CHURCH — THE DECREE OF THEODORE, ARCHBISHOP

OF CANTERBURY IN 670 THE FIFTH CANON OF THE COUNCIL OF

CEALEHYTH THE FORTY-SECOND CANON OF CHALONS — CONSTITUTIONS

MADE BY SIMON ROCHFORD, BISHOP OF MEATH IN 1216 — THE THIRD

GENERAL COUNCIL OF KELLS IN 1152 THE RURAL SEES CONVERTED

INTO RURAL DEANERIES HEREDITARY SUCCESSION IN THE CHURCH,

DENOUNCED BY ST. BERNARD THE STRUGGLE IN THE SEE OF ARMAGH

IN 1129 — THE CLERGY OF IRELAND WERE MARRIED MEN TILL THE

TWELFTH CENTURY THE LITURGY OF THE IRISH CHURCH AGREED

WITH THE GREEK AND DIFFERED FROM THE ROMAN AURICULAR

CONFESSION, AS WELL AS AUTHORITATIVE ABSOLUTION, REJECTED BY THE IRISH CHURCH — NEITHER THE TENTHS NOR THE FIRST FRUITS

CASHEL NO PRAYERS MADE TO EITHER SAINTS OR ANGELS TRAN-

SUBSTANTIATION NOT HELD BY THE IRISH CHURCH NO IMAGES OR

STATUES IN THE CHURCHES THE DOCTRINE OF PURGATORY, CONSE- CRATED CHRISM IN BAPTISM, THE SACRIFICE OF THE MASS, AND IN- DULGENCES, UNKNOWN IN IRELAND THE USE OF THE HOLY SCRIP- TURES ENJOINED ON EVERY MAN — GILLEBERT's WORK ON THE CANO- NICAL CUSTOM, &C. HENRY II.'s LETTER TO POPE ADRIAN — THE

SEVEN CHURCHES, AND ROUND TOWERS THE APOSTOLIC SUCCESSION

OF THE IRISH CHURCH EXTRACT FROM o'DRISCOLL's VIEWS OF

Ireland pages 36 — 50.

Chapter IV

ST. COLUMBA AND THE IRISH CULDEES THEIR OFFICE, THE GREEK,

AND NOT THE ROMAN RITUAL — DISTINGUISHED FOR THEIR LEARNING,

AND ATTACHMENT TO THEIR RELIGION THE ORIGIN OF THE NAME

CULDEE COLUMBA HIS CHARACTER, AND THAT OF HIS SUCCESSORS

AS GIVEN BY BEDE FOUNDED THE MONASTERY OF IONA IN THE OB- SERVATION OF EASTER, A QUARTADECEMAN SCOTLAND AND THE

GREATER PART OF ENGLAND EVANGELIZED THROUGH HIM AND HIS SUCCESSORS' INSTRUMENTALITY PERSECUTION FROM THE ROMISH

XVI CONTENTS.

CHURCH — OSWALD, KING OF NORTHUMBERLAND, CONVERTED TO THE

FAITH OF CHRIST, WHILE IN IRELAND PREACHING OF AIDEN, THE

IRISH BISHOP, THE KING INTERPRETING LINDISFARNE GIVEN FOR

HIS EPISCOPAL SEE — AIDEN SUCCEEDED BY FINAN — FINAN SUCCEEDED BY COLEMAN — THE DISCUSSION AT WHITBY — COLEMAN RETURNS TO IRELAND, AND BUILDS A MONASTERY IN THE ISLAND OF INNISBOF- FIN, AND ANOTHER AT MAGIO- — THE DECLINE AND FALL OF THE ORDER OF THE CULDEES pages 51 — 70.

Chapter V

THE' FOREIGN MISSIONARIES OF THE IRISH CHURCH — FRIDOLIN, CALLED THE TRAVELLER, FOUNDER OF THE MISSIONARY STATION AT SEKINGEN

ON THE UPPER RHINE COLUMBANUS, A MISSIONARY IN FRANCE,

GERMANY, AND ITALY — GALLUS, THE APOSTLE OF SWITZERLAND

THE TOWN AND CANTON OF ST. GALL, DERIVES ITS POLITICAL EXIST- ENCE FROM THIS MISSIONARY KILLIAN, THE APOSTLE OF FRANCONIA

HIS MISSIONARY STATION, WURZBURG — VIRGILIUS, BISHOP OF SALTZ-

BURG HIS THREATENED PERSECUTION BY THE ROMISH ARCHBISHOP

OF MAYENCE FOR HOLDING THE OPINION THAT THE WORLD WAS

ROUND — TWO ANONYMOUS MISSIONARIES JOANUS SCOTUS ERIGENA

HIS FAVOURABLE RECEPTION BY THE KING OF FRANCE HIS NOBLE

STAND AGAINST THE NOVEL DOCTRINE OF TRANSUBSTANTIATION HIS

WORK ON THE SUBJECT COMMITTED TO THE FLAMES — DUNGAL, THE PHILOSOPHER AND ASTRONOMER pages 71 — 88.

Chapter VI

THE INTRODUCTION OF ROMANISM INTO IRELAND — INVASION OF THE DANES AND NORMANS— IRELAND REDUCED THEREBY TO A WRETCHED

STATE OF DESTITUTION THE CONVERSION OF THE INVADERS, THE

FIRST STEP TO THE OVERTHROW OF THE ANCIENT CHURCH THE SEE

OF DUBLIN ERECTED DONAGH THE FIRST BISHOP RECEIVES CONSE- CRATION FROM THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY — LANFRANC INSINU- ATES HIMSELF INTO THE GOOD GRACES OF THE IRISH MONARCH

CONTENTS. XVll

TURLOGH — THE CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE ENGLISH PRIMATE, PRODUCES AN UNFAVOURABLE IMPRESSION ON THE MINDS OF THE IRISH CLERGY GILLEBERT AN OSTMAN, BISHOP OF LIMERICK, AP- POINTED THE POPE'S LEGATE HIS WORK ON THE ORDER AND DISCI- PLINE OF THE ROMISH CHURCH ANSELM's LETTER TO THE BISHOPS

OF IRELAND HE CULTIVATES THE GOOD DISPOSITION OF THE IRISH

MONARCH THE COUNCIL OF AONGUS REDUCTION OF THE BISHOP'S

SEES CELESTINE AND THE CLERGY ALARMED WHEN IT WAS TOO

LATE MALACHY, CELESTINE's SUCCESSOR, SOLICITS WITHOUT EFFECT

THE PALL FROM THF POPE THE RAPID INCREASE OF ROMANISM,

FROM THE CRIMINAL INDIFFERENCE OF THE IRISH GOVERNMENT

CARDINAL PAPARO SENT TO IRELAND AS THE POPE'S LEGATE — THE COUNCIL OF KELLS — PAPARO BESTOWS FOUR PALLS ON THE FOUR PRI- MATES — pope Adrian's bull — confirmatory letter from pope

ALEXANDER TO HENRY II THE ENGLISH INVASION THE SYNOD OF

CASHEL — THE GREAT ECCLESIASTICAL REVOLUTION THE ORIGIN OF

THE TWO CHURCHES IN IRELAND pages 89 114.

Chapter VII. The Secular History Of Ireland Continued Partial Reduction

OF IRELAND UNDER HENRY II. STRONGBOW, &C. THE REAL CON- QUERORS THE ENORMOUS GRANTS OF HENRY AND HIS SUCCESSORS

THE VIOLATION OF FAITH TO THE IRISH PRINCES — THE WHOLE

ISLAND DIVIDED AMONG TEN ENGLISH FAMILIES THE DIVISION OF

THE INHABITANTS OF IRELAND — THE IRISH STIPULATED WITH

HENRY II. FOR THE USE OF THEIR OWN LAWS THE CONQUERORS

THEMSELVES BROUGHT INTO CAPTIVITY THE FAMILY OF DE BURGH

FELL OFF FROM THEIR OBEDIENCE TO ENGLAND — IN THE REIGN OF HENRY VII. THE ENGLISH PALE WAS REDUCED TO FOUR COUNTIES.

XVlll CONTENTS.

Chapter VIII. The History Of Romanism In Ireland Laurenge O Toole, The

FIRST ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN HIS ALLEGIANCE TO HENRY II.

SUSPECTED HIS IMPRISONMENT AND DEATH THE NEXT ARCHBISHOP

PLACES THE CITY OF DUBLIN UNDER AN INTERDICT AN APPEAL

TO THE PRIVY COUNCIL THE CLERGY VICTORIOUS — THE ZEAL OF

THE BISHOP OF FERNS IN BEHALF OF THE REVENUES OF HIS SEE

DISPUTE BETWEEN THE BISHOP OF WATERFORD AND LISMORE THE

ARCHBISHOP OF DUBLIN APPOINTED LORD JUSTICE AND LEGATE TO

THE HOLY SEE HE EXTENDS THE JURISDICTION OF THE SPIRITUAL

COURTS THE CITIZENS, OPPRESSED, APPEAL TO THE KING THE

CONTEST BETWEEN THE KING AND THE PRELATES A CURIOUS PETI- TION OF A WIDOW IN THE FOLLOWING REIGN KING JOHN'S CHAR- TER THE UNQUALIFIED SUBMISSION OF THE NATIVE IRISH TO

EDWARD THE FIRST, WITH AN OFFER OF 8000 MARKS, ON THE

CONDITION OF BEING RECEIVED AS FAITHFUL LIEGEMEN THE OFFER

EVADED A SECOND PETITION TO THE SAME EFFECT AGAIN EVADED.

Chapter IX. Jealousies Occasioned By The Appointment Of Englishmen To

THE HIGHEST SITUATIONS IN THE CHURCH BISHOPS AND CLERGY

REBEL AGAINST EDWARD II. AND CROWN EDWARD BRUCE KING OF

IRELAND CHARGE OF WITCHCRAFT BROUGHT BY THE BISHOP OF

OSSORY AGAINST ALICE KETLER THE LORD DEPUTY AND LORD

ARNOLD DE LA POER, INCLUDED IN THE SAME CHARGE AWFUL

CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROM IT— EDWARD III. INCREASING THE NUMBER OF BARONS IN THE UPPER HOUSE OF PARLIAMENT, OBTAINED

A VOTE FOR A SUBSIDY ON THE CHURCH LANDS THE BISHOPS

RESIST THE DEMAND SUCCESSFULLY paqeS 146 — 161.

CONTENTS. XIX

Chapter X. The Statute Of Kilkenny An English Act Of Parliament To

PREVENT THE IRISH BISHOPS FROM PRESENTING REBELS TO BENE- FICES IN IRELAND — ANOTHER ACT IN THE REIGN OF EDWARD IV, TO COMPEL THE BISHOPS TO DO THEIR DUTY — THE CROWNING OF SIMNEL, KING OF IRELAND, IN THE CATHEDRAL OF CHRIST'S CHURCH,

DUBLIN THE BISHOPS ALARMED AT WHAT THEY HAD DONE VOTED

A SUBSIDY TO THE POPE THE EXTRAORDINARY DEMAND OF THE

EARL OF KILDARE, ON HIS TAKING THE OATH OF ALLEGIANCE.

pages IQ2— 184,

Chapter XI. The Reformation— The Royal Authority Exercised With Effect

FOR THE FIRST TIME IN IRELAND THE REVOLT OF THE FITZ-

GERALDS THE PRIMATE MURDERED THE REBELLION SUPPRESSED

HENRY VIII. PROCLAIMED KING OF IRELAND AND SUPREME HEAD OF THE CHURCH ON EARTH, BY THE UNANIMOUS CONSENT OF THE

entire kingdom pages 185 — 194.

Chapter XII

mary's character as described by francis de noailles, the

french ambassador at the english court the effects of

mary's reign in Ireland, not so disastrous as in England —

the reasons why it was not so prompt measures determined

on for bringing the country under the dominion of the see of rome the design providentially frustrated the death

OF MARY OCCURRED IMMEDIATELY AFTER .... pages 195 202,

XX CONTENTS.

Chapter XIII. Queen Elizabeth.— A.d. 1558—1602

THE QUEEN'S MODERATION — POPE PAUL THE FOURTH'S VIOLENCE THE

ENGLISH BISHOPS INVITED TO ASSIST AT HER CORONATION ALL

EXCEPT ONE REFUSE — THE QUEEN RESOLVES TO SHAKE OFF THE

PAPAL YOKE THE WHOLE BODY OF THE IRISH ECCLESIASTICS AND

LAITY ABANDON THEIR CONNECTION WITH ROME — CARTE, BARRING- TON, LELAND, AND PHELAN's TESTIMONY TO THE ABOVE FACT THE

NEW ORDER OF JESUITS SAUNDERS AND ALLEN SENT TO IRELAND

TO ACT ON THE PREJUDICES OF THE PEOPLE THE REAL OBJECT

WAS TO DEPOSE THE QUEEN THE POPE EXCOMMUNICATES, QUEEN

Elizabeth pages 203 — 216.

Chapter XIV. Queen Elizabeth :-continuation

TWO EXTRAORDINARY FACTS HOW TO BE ACCOUNTED FOR THE ACT

OF HENRY VIII. ENTITLED 'AN ACT FOR THE ENGLISH ORDER, HABIT,

AND LANGUAGE ' THE ACT OF UNIFORMITY THE COMMON PRAYER

TO BE SAID IN THE LATIN TONGUE THE MELANCHOLY EFFECTS

PRODUCED BY THESE ACTS OF PARLIAMENT THE WORK OF DESTRUC- TION AGAINST THE TEMPORALITIES OF THE CHURCH THE PROOFS

OF THIS STATEMENT THE POPULAR ERRORS WITH RESPECT TO

CHURCH PROPERTY THE EXTREME POVERTY AND DESTITUTION OF

THE CHURCH THE TESTIMONY OF SIR EDWARD SIDNEY AND SPEN- SER pages 217 — 233.

Chapter XV

HIS TWO FAVOURITE OBJECTS — THE PLANTATION OF ULSTER AND A PARLIAMENT FROM ALL IRELAND THE KING'S GRACIOUS PROCLAMA- TION FRIGHTFUL STATE OF AGITATION THE BOROUGHS ENFRAN-

CONTENTS. XXI

CHISED BY JAMES IN THE HANDS OF THE PROTESTANTS THE GENE- RAL EXPECTATION OF THE DOWNFALL OF HERESY IN THE UPPER

HOUSE THE ROMANISTS IN A HOPELESS MINORITY IN THE LOWER

THE PARTIES NEARLY EQUAL THE EXTRAORDINARY CONTEST ON

THE ELECTION OF A SPEAKER THE SPEECH OF ONE OF THE ROMISH

MEMBERS SIR JOHN DAVIS ELECTED SPEAKER BY A MAJORITY OF

TWENTY VOICES THE WRETCHED STATE OF THE CHURCH DURING

THE REIGN OF JAMES THE FIRST . pages 234 248.

Chapter XVI. Charles I.— From 1625- 1648

AN ACT PASSED FOR ABOLISHING ALL DISTINCTIONS AND FOR THE

PERPETUAL SETTLING OF PEACE AND TRANQUILLITY IN 1640 THE

KING INFORMS THE LORDS JUSTICES OF AN EXPECTED REBELLION

THE WARNING NOT ATTENDED TO THE ABBEY OF MULT1FERNAM,

THE SEAT OF CONFERENCE TWO DESPATCHES FROM SIR WILLIAM

COLE OF ENNISKILLEN- — DISREGARDED ALSO BY THE GOVERNMENT

A PROVIDENTIAL OCCURRENCE DISCLOSES THE CONSPIRACY THE

FORTUNATE ARRIVAL OF SIR FRANCIS WILLOUGHBY AN ORDER FROM

THE CAMP OF SIR PHELIM o'NEIL, FOR A GENERAL MASSACRE, THE

PROGRESS OF THE REBELLION AWFUL RETRIBUTION OF CROMWELL

AND IRETON — THE DEPLORABLE STATE OF THE CHURCH

Chapter XVII. The Restoration.— Charles Il— From 1660—1685

CHARLES' CONSPIRACY WITH THE KING OF FRANCE TO SUBVERT THE RELIGION AND LIBERTY OF ENGLAND— THE EARL BERKELEY SENT OVER TO IRELAND FOR THIS PURPOSE — THE ROMAN CATHOLIC PRE- LATES INSTANTLY JOIN THE COALITION — THE ROMANISTS DIVIDED xxii CONTENTS.

INTO TWO PARTIES THE REMONSTRANTS AND THE ANTI-REMON- STRANTS THE REMONSTRANTS EXCOMMUNICATED FOR PRESUMING TO

MAINTAIN THE ODIOUS DOCTRINE OF ALLEGIANCE THE OUTWORKS

OF THE CHURCH ENDANGERED THE CORPORATIONS ATTEMPTED TO

BE THROWN OPEN THE GRADUAL CHANGE OF THE COMPOSITION OF

THE ARMY A COMMISSION OF ENQUIRY, TO EFFECT A CHANGE OF

PROPERTY THE ALARM OF THE PROTESTANT PARTY IN ENGLAND

puts a stop to these proceedings pages 272 281.

CHAPTER XVIIL

THE EXTRAVAGANT JOY OF THE ROMISH PARTY — THE DUKE OF ORMOND RECALLED THE PROTESTANT MILITIA DISARMED — CLAREN- DON, THE NEW LORD LIEUTENANT COMMANDED TO DECLARE THAT HIS MAJF1STY HAD NO INTENTION OF ALTERING THE ACT OF SETTLEMENT THE IRISH TORIES ATTACK THE DEFENCELESS PROTES- TANTS THE ROMANISTS PETITION THE KING FOR RELIEF OF THE

SUFFERERS BY THE ACTS OF SETTLEMENT TYRCONNEL REPAIRS TO

LONDON THE POWER OF TYRCONNEL IRRESISTIBLE WITH THE KING

THE SEALS TAKEN FROM PRIMATE BOYLE, AND CONFERRED ON

SIR CHARLES PORTER THREE PROTESTANT JUDGES REMOVED, AND

THEIR PLACES FILLED BY ROMANISTS LORD CLARENDON REMON- STRATES INEFFECTUALLY TYRCONNEL ARRIVES IN IRELAND AS

COMMANDER IN CHIEF CLARENDON REMOVED — TYRCONNEL AP- POINTED LORD DEPUTY ONE THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED PROTES- TANT FAMILIES OF DUBLIN, LEAVE THE KINGDOM WITH CLARENDON ■ — THE ARMY OF IRELAND ROMANIZED — THE PROTESTANT CORPORA- TIONS DISSOLVED — THE COLLEGE OF DUBLIN BROKEN UP, THE APARTMENTS TURNED INTO PRISONS THE ENGLISH INTEREST NEAR- LY EXTINCT THE ENTERPRISE OF THE PRINCE OF ORANGE THE

GARRISON OF DERRY WITHDRAWN THE SHUTTING OF THE GATES

OF DERRY THE PROTESTANTS DRIVEN UNDER THE WALLS DERRY

RELIEVED THE GALLANT ENNISKILLENERS WILLTAM AND MARY

PROCLAIMED IN THE NORTHERN TOWNS THE DEPLORABLE STATE

of the church pages 282 — 316.

CONTENTS, XX 111

Chapter XIX. William Iii.— From 1688-1702

the revolution— james lands in ireland — calls a parliament

to meet in dublin the acts of settlement repealed — james

himself precluded from pardoning william determines to

support his friends in ireland — duke schomberg with his army arrives in ireland — james's only ship of war captured

— the fort of charlemont taken king william lands at

carrickfergus his first act in ireland — james marches to

meet him — William's army moves towards the boyne — william slightly wounded, supposed to have been killed — paris illuminated in consequence of it — the battle of the boyne — james, considering the contest as decided, flies to waterford and embarks for france james's adherents carry on

the war — william arrives in dublin waterford capitulates

the unsuccessful attack on athlone and limerick william

embarks for england — the siege of athlone — the town taken

— the battle of aughrim galway surrendered— the siege of

limerick — capitulation of limerick the articles of capitu- LATION — the war concluded pages 317 341

Chapter XX. New Troubles Assail The Church Archbishop King S Letter To

THE ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY PRIMATE BOULTER'S LETTERS

THE TYTHE OF AGISTMENT THE RESOLUTIONS OF THE IRISH

HOUSE OF COMMONS IN 1735 THE EVILS RESULTING FROM THESE

RESOLUTIONS PLURALITIES AND UNIONS THE SCENES ACTED IN

1735, NEARLY SIMILAR TO THOSE IN 1836 AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE

SECULARITIES OF THE CHURCH THE GREAT REVIVAL IN THE

CHURCH THE CHURCH TEMPORALITIES' BILL . . . pages 342 361.

Appendix

I. — EDUCATION OF THE POOR IN IRELAND page 363.

II. THE SURPLICE AND THE OFFERTORY QUESTIONS . . page 369.

III. — dingle colony page 376.