Front matter
Steam Heating foe Buildings;
OK
HINTS TO STEAM FITTERS.
Chapter I. Gravity Circulating Apparatus
PAGE
1 Gravity Systems of Piping 1
2 Nomenclature 3
3 Water-]ine 5
4 How a Building is Piped 6
5 Two Heaters from the same Connection G
6 Outlets of the Risers 7
7 Risers 7
8 Radiator Connections 8
9 Steam-mains (see Chapter XV.) 9
10 Return of the Water under all Conditions of Pressure 10
11 The Size of Mains 10
12 How Steam-pipes should leave the Boiler 11
13 Relief Pipes 11
14 Pitch of the Main 12
15 Tees in a Main 12
16 Stop-valves in Risers 12
17 Stop-valves in Mains 13
18 Main Return-pipes 14
19 Dry Return-pipes 15
20 Check- valves in Returns 15
v vi CONTENTS.
Chapter II. Radiators And Heating Surfaces
PAGE
21 Vertical Tube Radiators 17
22 Steam Entering a Radiator 18
23 Cast-iron Radiators 20
24 Sheet-iron Radiators 21
25 Coils 21
26 To Estimate Heating Surfaces for Direct Radiation 22
27 Isolated Buildings 24
Chapter III. Classes Of Radiation
28 How Direct Radiating Surfaces should be Placed 26
29 Indirect Radiators 27
30 Indirect Radiator Boxes 28
31 Air-flues 28
32 Change of Air in Rooms 30
33 Direct-indirect Radiation 30
34 Position for Indirect Heaters with the Action of Air in Rooms,
etc. , and the Cause of Cold Feet 32
35 Cold-Air Inlet-ducts 34
Chapter IV. Heating Surfaces Of Boilers
36 Fire-box and Flues 36
37 Crowding the Fire-box with Hanging Surfaces 38
38 Corrugated Fire Surfaces 39
39 Boilers which have Given the Best Results 39
40 Proportioning Boilers 40
41 Can a Boiler be Robbed of its Heat by the Gases of Combus-
tion ? 40
42 Reverberatory or Drop Flue Boilers 41
43 Will the Quantity of Water within a Boiler Effect Evapora-
tion ? 41
CONTENTS. vii CHAPTER V.
BOILERS FOR HEATING, ETC.
PAGE
44 Simplicity of Parts 42
45 Requirements for House Boilers 43
46 Construction of Upright Boilers 45
47 Construction of Horizontal Boilers 46
48 Contracted Passages under Boilers 46
49 Technical Names of Parts of Boilers, and their Setting 47
Chapter VI. Forms Of Boilers Used In Heating
50 A Source of Danger to the Fitter 49
51 Upright Boiler without Tubes 49
52 Upright Multi-tubular Boiler 50
53 Upright with Steam-dome 51
54 Upright Drop-tube Boiler 52
55 Base-burning Boiler 56
5G Horizontal Tubular Boilers 57
56£ Horizontal Multi-tubular Boilers 60
Chapter VII. Remarks On Boiler Setting
57 Thickness of Walls 63
58 Marshy or Sandy Ground 63
59 Why Boiler Walls Crack 63
60 Fire-bricks in a Furnace 65
61 Front-connection Division 65
62 Dead Plates 67
63 Bridge-walls 67
64 Ash-pits 67
65 Lugs on Boilers 67 v iii CONTENTS.
Chapter VIII. Proportion Of The Heating Surfaces Of Boilers To The Heating
SURFACES OF BUILDINGS.
PAGE
66 Relation of Boiler to Heaters 69
Chapter IX. Relation Of Grates And Chimneys To Boilers
67 Grate of a House Boiler 74
68 Size of Grate to Boiler 75
69 Size of Chimneys 75
70 Examples of Grates and Chimneys 76
71 Ta' le of Grates and Chimneys 78
72 Conclusions Drawn 78
73 Why Grates Break ? 80
CHAPTER X. SiFETY VALVES
74 Boilers Bursting when Working at Ordinary Pressures 83
75 The Office of the Safety-valve 83
76 Decrease of Pressure under the Valve 84
77 Table of Lift of a 4-inch Valve at various Pressures 84
78 Graphic Illustration of the Size of the Opening of a 4-inch Valve
when Blowing off at various Pressures 85
79 Formulas for Calculating the Size of Safety-valves 86
80 Construction and Operation of Safety-valves 87
AIR-VALVES ON RADIATORS.
90 Where they should be Placed 100
91 Drawing Air from Coils, etc 100
92 Air-valves, Construction and Design 102
93 Waste of Water from Air-valves at High Pressure 105
Chapter XIV. Wkought-iron Pipe
94 Description of Pipe , , 106
95 Nominal Size of Pipe , , 106
96 Table of Standard Dimensions of Pipes 10?
97 How to Calculate the Relative Areas of Pipes 108
98 Table of Relative Areas of Pipes 110
99 Diagram of Relative Areas of Pipes 112
100 Expansion of Pipes and its Relation to Steam-mains 113
101 Expansion of Return-pipes 114
102 Effect of Lime and Moisture on Pipes 115
103 Expansion of Pipes Buried in the Ground 115
104 Expansion- joints and how to Compensate without them , . 115
105 Connecting Boiler, Domes, etc . 116 x CONTENTS.
PAGE
106 Expansion of Cast-iron 118
107 Expansion of Wrought-iron 118
108 A Table of Linear Expansion of Wrought and Cast Iron Pipes 119
Chapter XV. Main-pipes
109 Size of Mains 120
110 Loss of Heat from Imperfect Apparatus 120
111 Heat or Power Necessary to put Water into Boilers 122
112 Poor Economy to Use Small Piping 122
113 Necessity for Providing for a Direct Return 123
114 How to Determine the Size of the Main 123
115 The Unit of Size in Pipes 124
116 Relation between Heating Surface and Diameter of Pipe 124
117 Diagram of the Size of Main-pipes for Gravity Apparatus 125
Chapter XVI. Steam
118 Temperature of Steam 128
119 Technical Terms 128
120 Table of Elastic Force, Temperature, and Volume of Steam. . 130
121 Calculations on Steam, Water, etc 131
122 Diagram of Rankine's Formula 132
Chapter XVII. Heat Of Steam
123 The Unit of Heat 134
124 Sensible and Latent Heat of Steam 134
125 A Diagram of Sensible and Latent Heat of Steam and Water. 137
126 Equivalents of Heat 138
CONTENTS. xi
Chapter XVIII. Air
PAGE
128 Air Necessary for an Adult 141
129 Specific Weight and Volume 141
130 Expansion of Air 142
131 Watery Vapor in the Atmosphere 144
132 Quantity of Moisture Air is Capable of Taking Up 144
133 Drying Power of Air 145
134 A Table of the Watery Vapor Air is Capable of Taking Up. . . 145
135 Saving in Time by High Temperatures in the Drying Room. . 146
136 What Does Ventilation Cost ? 146
Chapter XIX. High-pressure Steam Used Expansively For Heating
137 Systems 150
138 The Holly System 151
Chapter XX. Exhaust Steam And Its Value
139 Thermal Value 159
140 How Hot can Feed-water be Made 160
What Percentage of the Coal Heap does the Heating of the Feed-water Represent 160
How much of the Exhaust Steam can be used in Warming the Feed -water 161
141 Warming Buildings with Exhaust Steam 162
142 Loss from Back Pressure 162
143 Exhaust and Live Steam in the same Coils 163 xii CONTENTS,
Chapter XXI
BOILING AND COOKING BY STEAM, AND HINTS AS TO HOW THE APPARATUS SHOULD BE PIPED.
PAGE
144 Steaming and Vegetable Steamers 165
145 Steam-kettles 170
146 Warming Water in Tanks 176
147 Warming Water at the Nozzle or Cock 177
148 Warming Water for Baths, etc., when there is no Steam-
boiler 178
PAGE MISCELLANEOUS NOTES AND TABLES OF SERVICE IN ESTIMATING 211
APPENDIX A.
SPECIFICATION FOR A STEAM-HEATING APPARATUS, INCLUDING COOK- ING, WASHING, AND DRYING 223
APPENDIX B.
PLURAL BOILER SPECIFICATIONS 235
The opening of the book is shown; the full text loads in the reader.
Loading the full text…
The end
You’ve reached the end of Steam heating for buildings.