The male generative organs in health and disease ...

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

Section of the Male Pelvis.

Preface

Iw the course of my practice, and more especially at the fermiaation of my Lectures to Gentlemen, I have been jrepeatedly asked whether I could not refer them to some book, that would give a plain and practical explanation of the Male System, and its various derangements, adapted for every man's own use and instruction ? In short a book was wanted that should serve the same purposes for Gentlemen that my " Diseases of Woman* did for Ladies ; explaining fully all those affections peculiar to their own systems, and none others. No such work, however, was extant, and I saw that the only way to supply what seemed a general want was to write one. It is true there were works professing to treat on the Male System, for popular use, but they were all, without exception, principally devoted to Venereal diseases^ and those who made the enquiry of me were not persons at all liable to Buch affections, nor feeling any particular interest in them. My audience would frequently say, " We are not subjects of syphilis, and probably never shall be, but still we are liable to many other diseases, most of which could doubtless be prevented if we knew their nature and causes ; but unfortunately for us, with the exception of your Lectures, there is no source of information on such matters open to us. We want a Book that will treat on these things in the same style that your Lectures do, and it will be a public service if you will write such a one." For a long time 1

IV PREFACE.

was desirous of complying with this request, but my timt was so incessantly occupied that I could not do so. Th* materials I had in profusion, for I had consulted every book on these subjects that was worth reading, both in the English and other languages, and I had besides my own notes of cases, as numerous and varied as perhaps any ont ractitioner ever met with, but still all these materials required arranging and writing out I had besides to make a number of direct experiments, with animals, and of dissections of the human body, for the purpose of testing the new discoveries on Generation, announced by the European Physiologists, which were so utterly opposed to *old notions and doctrines. In addition to these causes of delay, I had also several peculiar and highly instructive cases in hand, the termination of which I was desirous to see, so that I could make use of the novel experience they gave.

Had it not been for all these causes combined I should have published this book earlier. The delay, however, has been necessary in order to have it complete, and I was determined it should not be issued till it was so. It may be advisable to state also, for the information of those not acquainted with me or my previous publications, that my course of study, and long practice, has been almost exclusively devoted to the physiology and derangements of tht Reproductive System, in both sexes, respecting which I have had unusual opportunities for obtaining information, both in this country and in Europe. Whenever any new discovery, or mode of treatment, has been announced, I have immediately tested it thoroughly, and have furthei made every allowable experiment suggested to myself.

There are certain difficulties connected with the Reproductive System that are very important, as affecting human health and happiness, but which are scarcely ever made the subjects of study by medical men at all, at least aot in this ccuntry The consequence is, that the trea.t-

PREPACK. V

flient they receive is mostly empirical, and as liable to d« harm as good. So evident is this, that many persons sc afflicted never apply for medical assistance, but prefer to suffer on and not complain. This is particularly the case with many difficulties experienced by young persons, and with many troubles incident to Marriage, such as Impotence and Sterility, aversion or indifference, and physical or moral unsuttabihty. In the old world there are men of the greatest eminence who devote their sole attention to those matters, and who are the alleviators of misery, and the dispensers of unexpected happiness to thousands. In this country I am not aware of any one, besides myself, that has embraced this peculiar line of practice, and I have found the greatest want of information prevailing, even amongst medical men, respecting the means of relief that are really at our command. In all probability many of the modes of practice, and many of the resources, pointed out in this work, will be entirely new to thousands, and will give hope to many who had previously been sunk in despair.

Preface To The 200th Edition

On the occasion of publishing this, The Two Hundredth Edition of the Male Organs, it may not be out of place to call special attention to the fact. Such unprecedented success proves that a book of this kind was really needed, and that it has met with general approbation. The demand for it is steadily increasing, and it may be now fairly considered a standard work, with which the public will no longer dispense. Every care has- been taken to make it complete and perfect, so that it may be consulted by every* man, with a full confidence that he will find in it whatever he may need to know respecting His own system. New matter and illustrations have been added, and all the information brought down to the latest moment.

F. HOLLICK.

Contents

PAGE

DESCRIPTION OF FRONTISPIECE, . ,13

CHAPTER I. The Female System, . 17

CHAPTER IL The Male System, 36

CHAPTER IE.

The Semen, 39

VUl CONTENTS.

P AK T II.

TAGS

DISEASES, MALFORMATIONS, AND DE- RANGEMENTS OF THE MALE SYS- TEM, 53

CHAPTER IV.

The Diseases, Deficiencies and Malformations of the Testes, their Envelops, and the parts more immediately connected with them, 56

Anomalies in the size and apparent number of the Testes. 60

Hydrocele, or Dropsy of the Testicles, 66

Sarcocele, or Chronic Fleshy Swelling of the Testicle, . . 80

Fungus of the Testicle, 84

Hernia Hnmoralis, Orchitis, or Inflammation of the Testicles, 86

Ossification of the Testicle, 95

Arrest of Development and Wasting of the Testes, ... 96

Tubercular Disease, or Consumption of the Testicle, . . 103 Foreign Bodies in the Scrotum along with the Testicles, . .105

Nervous Affections of the Testicles, ib.

Spermatocele, or Swelling of the Testes from engorgement

of Semen, 112

Scrotocele, or Rupture of the Intestines or Omentum into the

Scrotum, . . 113

Varicocele and Circocele, or swelling of the veins of the Scrotum

and Spermatic Cord, lib

Hematocele, or Swelling of the Scrotum and Spermatic Cord

from the effusion of Blood, 120

Prurigo, or Itching of the Scrotum, . . . . . .121

Elephantiasis Scroti, ... 127

Falling of the Spermatic Cord 125

Relaxation of the Scrotum, 126

Diseases of the Vasa Deferentia, ....... 127

Diseases of the Seminal Vesicles, . . . • * . .130

CONTENTS. IX

PAGB

CHAPTER V.

The Structure, Diseases and Malformations of the Penis and the parts immediately CONNECTED WITH IT, . . 131

Absence and Malformation of the Penis, 137

Hypospadias, 141

Epispadias, 145

Phymosis, , . . ib.

Faraphymosis, 146

Want of Development, or Congenital small size of the Penis, 149

Paralysis of the Muscles of the Penis, . . . . . 164

Priapism, or Involuntary Erection, ib.

Diseases of the Urethra and the parts contained therein, . 171

The Prostate Gland, 176

CHAPTER VI.

Functional and Sympathetic Diseases of

the Genital Organs, .... 182

Influence of the Brain on the Generative Powers, . . . 185 Influence of the Mind over the Generative Organs, . . . ' 192 Excessive Sensibility of the Genital Organs, . . . .201

CHAPTER VII.

Spermatorrhea, or excessive loss of semen, 204

Causes of Spermatorrhoea, 271

Particular Effects of Spermatorrhoea, 216

Symptoms by which the Spermatorrhoea may be detected, . 249

Impotence from Involuntary Emission, 255

Treatment of Spermatorrhoea,' 276

CHAPTER VIII.

The Influence op Medicines in Producing and Curing Impotence aijd Spermatorrhea, 287

X CONTENTS.

PACT

CHAPTER IX.

Masturbation and other Sexual Abuses, . 306

CHAPTER X.

Erotomania and Satyriasis, .... 340

CHAPTER XI.

General Remarks on the Preservation and

Restoration op the Sexual Powers, . 348

CHAPTER XII.

Remarkable Case of Elephantiasis, . 368

Facts for the Feeble, .... 373

ILLUSTRATIONS. XI

ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAOB

PLATE I.

SECTION OF FEMALE PELVIS, .... 16

PLATE IT.

FRONT VIEW OF THE FEMALE PELVIS, . . 21

PLATE III.

OVARIES AND VESICLES, 26

PLATE IV.

UTERUS AND APPENDAGES LAID OPEN, . . 35

PLATE V.

SEMINAL ANIMALCULES, ..... 4&

PLATE YI.

NON-DESCENDED TESTICLE, 47

PLATE VIL

VARICOCELE, 52

PLATE Yin.

SEMINAL TUBES OF THE TESTICLE, . 55

PLATE IX.

HYDROCELE AND WASTED TESTICLE, ... 68

PLATE X.

SECTION OF PENIS AND BLADDER, . . . 133

PLATE XL

REMARKABLE CASE OF ELEPHANTIASIS, , . 367

NOTICE.

Any persons wishing to communicate wrth Dr. H. of letter, can address to

"Dr. F. Hollick,

Box 3606, Post Office,

New York City, N. Y," and they will be promptly replied to.

All Letters asking an opinion, or advice, must be full and plain in their descriptions, so that a correct judgment can be formed, and they must always contain the customary fee of Five Dollars, or they cannot be attended to.

N. B. — Persons visiting New York, can always hear respecting Dr. H. by calling on his publisher, who will know if he is then in town or not, and will give the address of his office. In the changes constantly occurring in New York, removals frequently occur, which makes this precaution advisable.

DESCRIPTION OK FRONTISPIECE

Section of the Male Pelvis to show the situations of th« different parts.

A.. The Bladder. — B. The Rectum, or end of the large Intestine. — C. The lower part of the back bone, or Sacrum. — d. d. The small Intestines.—/. One of the Kidneys. — g. g. The Ureter, or Tube which conveys the Urine from the Kidneys into the Bladder. — h. The Pubic or Frontal Bone of the Pelvis.

1. The left Testicle.— 2. 2. The Vas Deferens, or Tube which conveys the Semen from the Testicle. — 3. The left Seminal Vesicle, with which the Vas Deferens is connected. — i. The Ejaculatory Canal, into which the Semen next passes. — 5. The Prostate Gland, with which the Ejaculatory Canal connects, and through which the Semen passes into the Urethra, or Urinary passage from the Bladder, (7). — 6. Is the Veru Montanum. or small protuberance which partly closes the neck of the Bladder. — 7 7. The Urethra, or passage by which the Urine escapes from the Bladder down the Penis. — 8. The upper part of the Penis, or Corpus Cavernosum. — 9. The lower part, or Corpus Spongiosum. — 10. The Glans, or head of the Penis. — 11. One of Cowper's Glands.

The course of the Semen is from the Teste along the Va* Deferens to the Seminal Vesicle, then along the Ejaculatory Canal and through the Prostate Gland into the Orethra, which it enters by the lower part of the Veru Montanum, at the part indicated by the two black dots. It then escapes from the body in the same way as th* Urine does

PART I

REPRODUCTION.

The Reproductive process in the huma* being, ts in all other perfectly organized animals, requires the concurrent action of two different organizations, the male and the female, each performing a distinct part, one as necessary as the other. Neither of these organizations alone can effect the whole process of reproducing a new being, though in certain cases they may partly do so, in an imperfect manner. To understand fully the action of each, which is requisite before their derangements and diseases can be understood, it is requisite to give a genera description of both, and also of Reproduction it self. This description can now be given with something like accuracy, owing to the valuable discoveries of modern science, and a correct idea can be obtained, of the main steps at least, of this wonderful phenomenon, though hitherto it has* beeo shrouded in such imperetrable mystery.

PLATE «.

Section of the Female Pelvis A The Bladder.

B The Womb.

C. The Vagina.

D The Rectum, or end of the large Intestine e. One of the Ovaries. /. The Corresponding Fallopian Tube. g. The Os Tineas, or Mouth of the Womb, which openo

into the Vagina, or lower passage. h The Meatus Urinardus, or Mouth of the Bladder, fc|

which the Urine escapes. t. The Small Intestines.

j \ The Sacrum, or lower part of the back bone k The Pubic, or Front Bone of the Pelvis /. Tfhe Right External Lip. in The Right Internal Lip, or Nymph* n The Hymen.

o. Fhe Opening through the Hymea, f The Clitoris.

Fhe Perineum

Plate L Section of Female Petti.

CHAPTER I.

The office of the female system is twofold : it Jms to produce in the first place one of the original principles, or primary parts, from which the new being begins ; and also to effect its development into the perfect form. The female organs are therefore much more complicated than those of the male, and her part of the process is more extended.

The most essential parts of the female organization are two organs termed the Ovaries ; which are located in the abdomen, one on each side, just above the groin. These organs have the power, • when their full development is attained, to produce certain little bodies called Ova, or Eggs, essentially the same as the eggs of birds, one of which is always required in the commencement of a new being.

These organs are small in early life, and comparatively inactive, but at a certain period, termed puberty, they become larger, and commence a •eries of curious and important physiological processes, the object of which is to develop the egg and to effect its expulsion from the body.

When the ripe Ovaries are dissected they are found to contain a number of cells, or vesicles, Which may be compared to those of a honey-comb,

18 THE FEMAIE SYSTEM.

and in each of those cells is contained one of th» germs or eggs, surrounded by a white fluid like the white of an egg. These cells are termed the Graafian Vesicles, after the Anatomist Graaf, who first described them ; they are about as large, when fully developed, as a small pea, but are not all of the same size at once, some being small or merely rudimentary, and others approaching perfection. Before the age of puberty these cells and the eggs they contain, are all undeveloped and small, but at that time their gradual and successive development commences. It is found, from recent observations, that only one of them is perfected at a time, and that it requires a certain period before another can be produced. In the adult ovary therefore we find them at every stage, some being only in the rudimentary state, others just commencing to grow, and others having aaained a considerable size, there being always one more ripe than any of the others, and evidently approaching •to perfection.

When the egg is fully developed it is thrown out of the Ovary, and after a time makes its escape from the body, in a very curious manner only recently discovered. There are therefore two different actions performed by the Ovaries, first the forming or developing of the eggs in successive order, and secondly, the expulsion of them from the Ovary, and ultimately from the body.

This development of the eggs it must be remembered is entirely independent of sexual union or excitement, and is totally unconnected with conception, except as a preparation for it. In every female, whether virgin or not, from the age of puberty till , the turn of life in old age, this development of ths

THE FEW AT, 75 SYSTEM.

eggs is always going on, excepting in certain His. Bases, and during gestation and nursing, when it is usually suspended. It is also performed in ceriain definite and regular periods, which are nearly the Bame in all persons alike. This period is usually one month, or twenty-eight days, and most females observe precisely that period with singular regularity. During every month, therefore, after puberty, with the exceptions above named, one of the Graafian Vesicles, and its included egg, arrives at perfection, and at the end of the month the egg is expelled from the body.

The egg appears to be expelled from the Ovary by a real inflammatory action, similar to what nature establishes to effect the expulsion of an injurious foreign substance in any other part of the body. Towards the end of the month the Vesicle begins to swell very much, and is filled with blood, instead of the white fluid seen there at othe:* cimes ; the egg, which was formerly at the bottom of the Vesicle, is now lifted up to the top, by the fluid underneath, and is at last pressed forcibly against the envelop or skin of the Vesicle. This pressure becomes eventually so great that the envelop bursts and the egg escaping through the rent reaches the outside of the Ovary. It is then taken to a particular part of the body to remain for a certain number of days, during which it may be impregnated, or receive the male princip]e, and if this takes place, they both remain and develop into the new being, but if no impregnation is effected then, at the end of that time the egg is passed out of the body and lost. From this it is evident that impreg. nation, or conception, can take place only during ihose days after the egcr is expelled from the Ovary

PLATE II.

Front View of the Female Pelvis, with the External Walli

removed.

A. The Bladder.

B The Womb.

D. The Rectum, or Large Intestine. e. e. The Ovaries. /./. The Fallopian Tubes. i. i. The* Small Intestines r. r. The Round Ligaments.

This shows the situation of the Organs in the front cd the bod 7, as they appear when it is first opened.

Plate II.

Front view of the Female Pelris.

and while it yet remains in the body, as will be ex. plained more fully further on.

The inflammatory action by which the Vesicle is filled with blood, and the egg excelled from the Ovary, is not altogether confined to those parts, nor to that one process, but affects other parts, and accomplishes othea* purposes. The whole * Ovary, and also the neighboring organs, become at that time singularly excited and congested with blood, and at last, to relieve themselves, the blood mixed with mucus is discharged, to subdue the inflammation. This discharge usually lasts about four days, and is termed the Menstrual, or monthly Jlow. This flow, therefore, about which so little has previously been known, is caused by the expulsion of the Ovum or Egg from the Vesicle, and indicates the period when that expulsion takes place. Consequently in those who have no Ovaries, or in whom they are torpid, or destroyed by disease, no menstruation takes place. And for the same reason it is not seen before puberty, because the eggs are not then ripened, nor after the turn of life, because then they are all expelled. This discharge is therefore an indication of ihe capability for conception, and it is also, in all probability, a means of removing much injurious matter from the system, so that female health is materially dependent upon it, and those in whom it does not appear, or becomes irregular, are nearly certain to become diseased. It is proper to remark, however, that it is sometimes nearly or quite colorless, and then the persons think they have no menstruation, though it may never, theless be perfectly regular.

When the egg is fully expelled it leaves behind it the hollow Vesicle, filled with clotted blood, ai trie top of which is a torn place, or rent, through which the egg escaped, in a ihort time this blood dries up and changes to a dull yellow color, while the rent forms a scar on the surface of the Ovary, and we thus have produced the yellow body called a Corpus Luteum, which was formerly thought to result from conception only, but is now known to be an old Vesicle from which an Ovum has been expelled. On the surface of ihe Ovary of an adult female a number of Xhese scars are always to be seen, but as they gradually fade away and disappear, only some few, and sometimes only the last one, can be distinctly seen. The Vesicles are contained at first, in their rudimentary state, in the body of the Ovary, and appear to develop in succession, the outer ones first, each one when fully ripe projectinor Dn the surface like a small pimple or nipple till it bursts. The egg itself, when fully developed, is only about as large as the point of a pin, in fact it can only just be seen by the naked eye. This may appear singular when compared with the large egg of a bird, but it must be recollected that the bird's egg is surrounded by the nutritious matter from which the new being is to be made, because it is totally separated from all other sources of nutrition, but the Human Ovum remains in the mother's body and derives nourishment from her blood to effect its development, it has therefore no need for any supply of nourishment to be attached to it. The actual germ is probably no larger in the bird than in the human female.

When the egg is fully, ripe, if it receives the male principle, it will develop, to a certain extent, into the human organization in any part of the body. But it cannot fully and perfectly develop except is a particular organ, called the Matrix, the uterus, or Womb. The position of this organ in the Dody may be seen in the Plates. It is a small hollow organ in its natural state with very thick walls, but capable of undergoing astonishing changes, and possesses every requisite both for the perfect development of the new being, and also for its expulsion into iht world when fully grown.

The Ovaries are attached to the Uterus, wie on each side, by ligaments or banc's, but have no direct connection with its cavity. The connection between the Ovaries and Womb is bv means of two organs, one attached to each side of the Womb just above the Ovaries, called the Falhxnan Tubes. A small cavity leads from the inside of the Womb down these Tubes to the end opposite the Ovaries, which is expanded like a Trumpet, a\?d surrounded by a number of fringes or Tentacular Hke the fingers of a hand.

The Womb is placed at the too ox the passage or Tube called the Vagina, and opens into it by a small mouth called the Os Tincse. or mouth of the Womb. The lower part of the Vagina opens externally by the mouth called the Vulva. There is therefore a direct passage lrom the Ovaries to the outside of the body, by whiuh the Ova or Eg^s ar*» expelled.

After this description, the maturation and exDi») sion of the egg, and the process of conception cs*» be readily understood by th« following explanation and by referring to the Plate*.

An egg becomes ripe at tlfr end of every monthly

period in one or the other of uie Ovaries, a^d when

expelled in the manner abov^ described it ^ UxJceo

into the Womb in the folio wi»« snsumtM ■ At the

3*

PLATE III.

Ovaries, Graafian Vesicles, and Ova

1 One of the Ovaries just before the Crisis.— a. Is th« Graafian Vesicle that is nearly ripe, and preparing to burst, the Ovuui projecting upon it like a small pimple.

2 The same Ovary cut through, to show the Interior. -

a. Is the Vesicle as seen within ; the dark centre denoting the clot of blood which throws out the Egg. —

b. Is an old Vesicle, from which an Egg has been ejected at some former crisis. It is now drying up, and forms a Corpus Luteum

8 Is the Graafian Vehicle removed and magnified. — a. Is the Ovum, or Egg, just' breaking through the rent in the Vesicle.

4. Is the Egg itself magnified, showing its granular atree* ture. — a Is the G srminal Vesicle

Plate m.

Ovaries and Ves sides.

THE FEMALE SYSTEM.

precise time when the egg is fairly loose from the Vesicle, the expanded end of the Fallopian Tube grasps the Ovary over the spot where it is, and the fringes or fingers at the end of the Tube take hold «)f and ^arry it into the passage. The Tube then contracts and the egg is gradually forced down its interior till it reaches the Womb.

When the egg arrives in the Womb it would of course pass immediately out, by way of the Vagina, if there were not some contrivance to prevent it, which of course there is, and of a very simple and perfect character. While the egg *is passing down the Tube there is formed in the interior of the Womb a thin membrane, or skin, which lines its walls ana closes the passage at its mouth. While the egg passes out at the Uterine end of the Tube it presses on this membrane and makes a depression or nest in which it lies.

As long therefore as. this membrane remains attached the egg is retained in the Womb, and conception is possible, because the male principle can penetrate through it without obstruction, but at the end of a certain time the membrane looses away and parts from the body, taking the egg along with it, after which, of course, there can be no conception till another such period comes round and another egg is lodged there in the same manner. Consesequently theie is only apart of each month during which conception can take place, and during the rest of the month it is impossible ! The precise period during which conception can occur varies in different persons, being in some only one or two days, and in others much longer, but it probably nevei extends beyond half the month, or fourteen days. This statement I air aware will surprise manv per

28 THE FEMALE SYS'EM.

sons, it being generally thought that cohesion may take place at almost any time ■ bux mere is no question that this is an error.

As near as can be ascertained, the flow occurs while the expulsion is taking place- from the Ovary and tht egg does not reach the womb until the first or second day after the discharge has ceased, it is therefore from the second day after the cessation of the period that the time during which concept ion can take place is reckoned. This time, I think it necessary to staje again, is so various in different females that no general rule can be laid down, and there are so many causes which make its commencement and duration uncertain, that it cannot be calculated upon practically, except by experienced persons. There are signs by which the period during which conception is impossible can be told in every female, with perhaps a few exceptions, but they can only be detected by those who have been long in the habit of observing them. The Membrane and Egg together are so small, and so delicate in their structure, that no female perhaps ever observed them, though passing from her body every month. I have, however, obtained them, and have pointed them out to persons, by the aid of the microscope.

A knowledge of the above mentioned facts enables us to explain many cases of barrenness, the causes of which were previously unknown. In some females the Ovary has not power to perfect the egg y and it is constantly expelled before its development is complete, and therefore is not capable of being impregnated. In others the Womb does not form the Membrane, so that the egg instead of being retained vi the Womb passes immediately out, and conception has no chance to occur. Some females can only retain the egg a few hours, or perhaps for a day, and if not impregnated during that short time they cannot be so during the rest of the month. The most probable time for conception is from the Jrst to the fifth day after the cessation of the menstrual flow.

The actual process of conception is in itself very simple, and may be explained in a few words. The semen, or male principle, is deposited, during association, in the Vagina, and from thence conveyed upwards through the Os Tincae, into the cavity of the womb. If it reaches the upper part, and the egg be there, conception may occur ; but there are many causes operating both to prevent its transit and also to destroy its power. The upward passage of the semen is accomplished by a peculiar vital power in itself, which will be explained when we describe the male system. The place of union of the two principles is therefore usually in the uppe? part of the womb, or possibly also at the uterine end of the Fallopian Tube.

Immediately after impregnation has been effected the egg attaches itself permanently to the walls of the womb and begins to develop into a human being, the womb expanding to allow of its doing so. When fully grown the walls of the womb begin to contract and eventually expel it from the body, by way of the vagina. During its growth the nutriment required is obtained, in some way not very well understood, from the mother's blood, the communication between the Foetus and its parent being of the most wonderful and mysterious character. Instances have been known of the egg f after its impregnation, being taken back again, by a reverse