The sexual system, and medical companion ...

Front matter

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Chapter I. Female Genital Organs

The pudendum or external organs — The mona veneris, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, meatus urinarius, urethra, and hymen described — Their abuses, diseases, and malformations noticed — Amputations of the nymphae and clitoris — Supposed hermaphrodites — The Lesbian love — The uses of the nymphse, clitoris, and hymen explained, and ludicrous errors exposed — The internal genital organs — The vagina, womb, fallopian tubes, and ovaries described — Interesting cases of impotence from rigid contraction of the orifice of the vagina — The instinctive motions of the fimbriated extremities of the fallopian tubes — The ovum or human egg — Its structures, minuteness, and wonderful capabilities considered — The corpus luteum — The doctrine omnia ex ovo established — From Harvey 15

Chapter II

ilALE GENITAL ORGANS.

The penis, its form, dimensions, structures, attachments, etc. — The urethra, its curving direction, varying size, elasticity, prominences, depressions, etc. — A thorough knowledge of its anatomy necessary to treat strictures of the urethra — How the prepuce is formed — Circumcision, its origin, uses, etc.— The gians— The scrotum, its form and structures— The testes and their appendages—Epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts, etc. — Secreting structure of the testes consisting of minute

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PAG* tubes 3780 feet long — The passage of the semen — The spermatozoa, or male sperm-cells, their minuteness, forms, brisk motions, etc. — The reproductive element of the male semen — Are they real animalcules ? — Have they a sexual system ? — Their union with the ovum — Curious conjectures —Hereditary tendencies in, the spermatozoa and ovum— Important suggestions 43

Chapter III. Puberty And Generation

Sexual development — Menstruation in girls, and seminal fluid in boys — The period of puberty — Great variations — Premature and delayed menstruation — How often do the menses occur — The lunar superstition — Whole period of menstrual life — Interesting cases — Nature of the fluid, its odor in the breath, etc.— Is it blood or a secretion ? — Why it does not coagulate like blood — Its source and uses — How is it connected with child-bearing ? — Generation a condition of puberty— The sexual organs, amours, and generation of plants, and the lower animals — Interesting cases — Generation in the genus homo — Amusing theories of the ancient* — The true theory established by modern science — When and how tha ovum and spermatozoa come in contact — The mechanical, chemical, and vital forces of the vagina, womb, fallopian tubes, and ovaries— The ultimate vital principle 66

Chapter IV. Matrimony Or Marriage

Development of the conjugal feelings— The most proper age for marriages Interesting examples — Matrimonial scale — Courtship and marriage customs in barbarous and semi-civilized countries — Ancient Britain and Scotland, Italy, Turkey, Africa, etc.— Amusing cases— The hymen as an evidence of virginity — Erroneous opinions — The Mosaic law — Unjust and oppressive laws and customs — The consummation of marriage— Physical disproportions condemned — Great men of illegitimate birth — Mental impressions transmitted to the offspring— Interesting cases— Napoleon, Queen Mary, etc., etc.— The charm of contrasts— Feminine men and

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masculine women — Qualifications of young people for the marriage re* lation — Domestic acquirements — The lady loafer — The blessedness of home — The advice of an oriental Brahmin — Marriage as a remedy — Unjust laws relating to marriages and divorces — When divorces are justifiable —Physical impediments— Caution, treatment, etc W

Chapter V. Pregnancy Or Gestation

Kxtra-uterine pregnancy — False pregnancy — The non-gravid womb — The change and enlargement of the womb during pregnancy — The origin, development, and uses of the membranes, placenta, umbilical cord and bag of waters — The appearance and size of the foetus at different periods of its development — The nutrition of the foetus — How the blood is purified in the placenta, and the blood pabulum transmitted from the mother to the foetus— Practical inferences — Diseases of the man communicated to the woman through the placenta — The likeness and peculiarities of the first husband communicated to the children of the second husband, etc. — The duration of pregnancy — Great variations — The Gardner peerage case — Duration of pregnancy in a crazy woman — Variations in the lower animals — Dr. Reid's table — The signs of pregnancy — Cessation of the menses— Morning sickness— Changes in the breasts — Quickening Form of the abdomen — Changes in the mouth and neck of the womb — Bebound of the foetus — Sounds of the foetal heart, etc , 128

Chapter VI. Parturition Or Labor

Vague thought&^f young married women concerning labor — A description of the female pelvis and the child's head — The movements of the bead in passing through the pelvis— How to determine when labor will commence—How to tell when conception takes place — At what periods may a woman conceive ? — Signs of approaching labor — Sensations of the female — Subsidence of the womb — How to tell spurious from true labor pains — The show— How the first examination should be made, and its objects — Attention to the bowels, bladder, etc.— Labor divided into three

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stages — Character of the pains — Rigid os uteri — Rupture of the bag of

waters — The descent of the head — The support of the perineum — Cord around the neck — The caul — The separation of the child — Horrible mistakes — Delivery of the after-birth — Bandaging the mother— After pains, lochial discharge, etc.— Proper diet for the mother— Treatment of the child— When should it be put to the breast?— Substitutes for the mother's milk— The bottle, the goat, and the wet-nurse 164

Chapter VII. Diseases Op Females

Falling of the womb and other uterine displacements — Their causes, symptoms, and treatment — Amenorrhoea or retention and suppression of the menses — Causes of retention of the menses — Want of development, stricture of the neck of the womb, imperforate hymen, and chlorosis— The symptoms and treatment — The causes, symptoms, and treatment of suppression of the menses — Dysmenorrhoea or painful menstruation- Condition of the womb — Causes, treatment, etc. — Menorrhagia or profuse menstruation — Its terrible consequences — Its causes and treatment — Leucorrhcea or the whites— How it destroys the human face divine— The causes, treatment, etc. — Pruritus pudendi or excessive itching of the external genital organs— May continue for life if left to itself— Its description, and the treatment recommended as infallible— Irritable bladder — Painful desire to pass the water at short intervals — Its horrible eP focts if left to itself— may continue for life— The infallible cure 20*

Chapter VIII. Abortions Or Miscarriages

W visions of the subject— Causes of abortions— Habit of the womb, death of the foetus, detachment of the placenta, external violence, strong mental emotions, etc. — Ludicrous case of abortion produced by anger- Symptoms of threatened miscarriage — Pain and hemorrhage — Howthey differ from pain and hemorrhage produced by other causes— The treat-, ment— When to save the foetus, and when to hasten its expulsion — When is it justifiable to induce miscarriages, or premature labor 7 Deformities

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MM ef the pelvis, retro-version of the womb, flooding during pregnancy, ex* cessive nausea and vomiting, habitual death of the foetus, etc.— Pregnancy following rapes— Artful and wicked seductions— The civil laws- Horrible consequences of abortions produced by charlatans and patients themselves— A startling case— Advice and warning— An appeal to justice and humanity u 246

Chapter IX. Sterility And Impotence

When justifiable to guard against pregnancy— Its practicability— Amusing humbugs — The influence of children upon parents — Interesting illustrations—Sterility in the male— How to detect it with the microscope — Causes and treatment of sterility in the male— Interesting and amusing cases— Causes of sterility in the female— Malformations, organic diseases, derangement of the menstrual function, unsuitable marriages, etc. — Unknown causes — An example — Remarks upon the treatment of sterility- Its curability — Impotence in the female — The causes and treatment- Impotence in the male common — The usual causes — malformations, continued continence, anxiety and fear at the consummation of marriage- Sexual diseases and self-abuses the most frequent causes — Horrible consequences of seminal weakness, and impotence arising from self-abuses —Remarks upon the principles of treatment — Its curability — Important mechanical invention — Its great success...., 277

Chapter X. Unnatural Seminal Emissions

Seminal weakness and self-pollution— Emissions during sleep— Those produced by defecation and urination— Those occurring slowly and almost constantly — Detected by the microscope — Their destructive effects upon the system— Impotency, atrophy, etc. — Imbecility, insanity, epilepsy, paralysis, consumption, etc. — Startling description of Hufeland — Causes of seminal weakness — Sexual excesses, gonorrhceal and gleety discharges, masturbation, etc., etc.— Interesting case of treatment— What is masturbation ?— How to protect the young from such horrible pollution*

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— Its destructive effects upon the mind and body — Quotation from the Rev. Dr. Adam Clarke — Quotation from Hippocrates — Priapism, atrophy, and insensibility of the organ — Disgusting and dangerous means to produce erotic sensations — Startling account of the inn-keeper — The disgusting and horrible practices of Gabriel Gallien the shepherd of Languedoo— Remarks upon the treatment of seminal weakness and mastur- - bation 309

Chapter XI. Infectious Sexual Diseases

Gonorrhoea produced by infectious matter — Ludicrous ideas of some authors — The period of incubation — How the symptoms commence — Character of the discharge — The painful symptoms — Scalding in making water, swelled glands, chordee, phymosis, paraphymosis, swelled testicles, irritable bladder, etc. — The formation of spasmodic and permanent strictures — Terrible consequences of bad treatment — Syphilis — The primary ■ore or chancre — Its situation in males and females — Varieties ; hard, ■oft, and sloughing — The whole virile member sometimes destroyed — The formation of syphilitic buboes — Constitutional syphilis most to be • dreaded — Dirty, scaly, copper-colored skin diseases, running sores, sore throat, destruction of the palate, and the nasal appendage, falling of the hair and eyebrows, diseases of the bones, joints, etc.— Syphilitic bronchitis, paralysis, etc.— Why not reported in our bills of mortality— Hereditary transmissions— Fearful mortality of children— The treatment of such children— Remarks upon the treatment of primary and constitutional syphilis 343

Preface

There is a universal custom among authors to present their works to the public by certain preliminary remarks, called a Preface which looks well enough mechanically, as a sort of handle to a book. Some authors carry this custom still further, and succeed the preface by stringing together a number of paragraphs which they call an Introduction ; but the reader, conscious that this is a form without much substance, with a very slight notice, usually passes over all such preliminaries, and enters, at once, upon the perusal of the body of the work. We hope, however, that this preface will be carefully perused by every one into whose hands the book may pass, for we have brought to light many startling, as well as practical truths, usually regarded as hidden things among eminent medical men, and some preliminary explanation, as to their character, design, arrangement, etc., seems necessary.

No enlightened physician can doubt for a moment, that a systematic work upon the sexual system of both sexes, designed for the reading masses of the American people, is greatly needed in the present state of society ,• for we constantly find large numbers of men and women laboring under the most fearful apprehensions relative to their physical condition, or afflicted with various weaknesses, infirmities, and diseases of the most dangerous and loathsome character, all for the want of a little sound instruction con-

y corning themselves — the manner in which they are made, the fanetions of their sexual organs, the causes which induce debility and disease, and the best method of prevention and cure. Surely " The true study of man is man."

To the best of our knowledge — and we have taken great pains to look into the matter — there is no work extant possessing the requisite characteristics to guide and instruct the people upon these delicate subjects. Those voluminous works, designed for our medical colleges and libraries of physicians, filled with abstruse technicalities from the Greek and Latin, and the erudition of every branch of medical science, from anatomy to materia medica, cannot be read with profit by any man, except a physician, or student of medicine, in connection with a full course of medical study; They are, therefore, entirely above the comprehension of non -professional readers, and to them must for ever remain sealed books. On the other hand, those insignificant works, designed for the people, and scattered broadcast over the land, emanate from men without learning, experience, or reputation in the profession, and contain such a large admixture of errors, vulgarities, and falsehoods, that they are only fit to be consigned to the flames, as they can only mislead, confuse, and perplex the reader, and render distasteful all such studies.

To fill this gap in our popular literature, this work has been prepared with great care in the statement of facts, the arrangement of subjects, and the purity and elegance of style, which give it the high character of a correct instructor, and an entertaining companion, upon subjects of the most thrilling and vital interest to all classes of the community. It is divided, as the reader will perceive, into chapters, with the running contents of each- chapter prefixed. The reader, can, therefore, find many collateral and dependant sub* jects, not indicated in the heading of the chapters, by casting his eye over these contents ; many others he cannot find without readin g the whole book, as our space, in this particular, has been greatlj limited. The book is, therefore, designed to be read, as well as preserved for future reference.

In the following brief outline the reader will perceive the systematic arrangement of these subjects : —

The first chapter is devoted to a description of the female genital organs, and their offices in the reproduction of the species. In the second chapter, we have described the male genital organs, and their functions in furnishing the male element of reproduction. In the third chapter, the reader will find an interesting and faithful description of sexual development, or that period of life in both sexes when the generative faculty commences. The fourth chapter is on matrimony, in which those great physical, mental, and moral qualities, which lie at the foundation of happy marriages, and the peace and good order of society, are pressed home upon the understanding and consciences of our readers ; and many other thoughts of thrilling and practical interest, connected with the relations of the sexes, are freely divulged. In the fifth chapter, the reader will find a description of gestation, in which we consider the development of the foetus, its appearance at different stages of gestation, and its nutrition ; the formation and growth of the membranes, the growth of the womb, etc., etc. The sixth chapter is devoted to a careful description of the divinely appointed powers and processes of natural labor, its management, the care of the mother and the child, etc. In the seventh, we give a concise description of various diseases peculiar to the female organization. In the eighth, we treat of abortions and premature labors, which multitudes of ladies should read carefully and ponder well. In the ninth chapter, we. treat of sterility and impotency, subjects of the deepest interest to thousands who are barren from imprudences, or other causes, which the enlightened physician can remove. In the tenth chapter, the reader will find a portraiture of the destructive consequences of various kinds of sexual abuses and pollutions, which every young man, and many of riper years, should carefully ponder. The eleventh, and last chapter, consists of a treatise upon infectious sexual diseases, usually called venereal diseases, and semetimes bad diseases. Every person should have some correct knowledge of the nature of these diseases. It is too late to say that they are unsuitable subjects for the study of the young and innocent ; for the innocent may be contaminated in various ways ; and the most efficient way of deterring them from the practice of vice, is to hold up before them the terrible consequences thereof.

In withholding all engravings from this book, we have been influenced by the two following reasons : 1. They can seldom be of service, except to the medical student, in connection with dissections, preparations, casts, etc., but more frequently confuse than enlighten the general reader. 2. In a popular work upon the sexual system, pictures are always in bad taste, especially upon anatomical subjects. To every person of decent sensibilities, they appear vulgar and obscene, and tend to inflame the passions of young persons, and lead them into habits of licentiousness, degradation, and ruin. Every parent, therefore, into whose hands one of these dirty things may happen to fall, should defy the anger of Venus Fricatrix by indignantly throwing it into the fire.

In treating these subjects, we have been obliged to use many, names derived from the Greek and Latin — especially the latter — sanctioned by long usage among medical men ; but when practicable we have followed them by a brief definition ; at other times, the connection in which they stand, renders their meaning clear enough. Our constant study has been, to make these delicate and important subjects clear and intelligible to the intelligent masses of non-professional readers, and as far as possible to avoid all language which could offend the sensibilities of sensible people. No doubt, there U a mock modesty which will pretend to be horrified at the discussion of some of these subjects, though they affect honor, reputation, health, and life itself. To such persons, the language of an old English king, when he picked up the lady's garter in a crowd, and presented it to her, seems appropriate — honi soit qui mal J pense ! This, therefore, is not a book to be hid away in trunks and closets, but having been read, it should be preserved for future reference, as an important addition to the family library.

- Upon the nature and treatment of many of the abuses, infirmities, and diseases of the sexual system, we have spoken with great plainness and confidence, not in the spirit of boasting, nor professing to have outrun our professional brethren in general medical learning ; but while physicians of learning, who alone are capable of investigating these subjects, have almost entirely ignored #iem, especially in this country, we have devoted much time, and patient labor to their investigation and treatment which give us the right to speak with confidence. Indeed, the science of medicine is so extended, and the human family are subject to so many disorders, affecting the whole system generally, and every organ in particular, and these are so varied in their nature and treatment that it is impossible for any man to dabble in the routine of general practice for a whole life-time, and rise to eminence in any special branch of medicine — especially the complicated and difficult branch under consideration.

Every physician who has an appointment in a large hospital, or in a respectable medical college, is assigned to a special department of medicine; and if he possesses talent, industry, and a good observation, he may attain to a degree of eminence in that department. Hence, we have eminent surgeons, eminent physicians, eminent obstetricians, eminent pharmaceutics, etc., but it is almost impossible for one man to obtain eminence in all these branches.

In the New York University where we passed the greater portion of our pupilage, and, according to the custom of such institutions, were made Doctor of medicine, there were four cliniques, viz : 0n« surgical, one medical, one for the treatment of diseases of women and children, and one for the treatment of venereal and other sexual diseases ; and in pursuing our studies still further, we found similar arrangements abroad, and in other countries. In this way the interests of such institutions, and of the profession generally, are promoted, by bringing before the classes the greatest amount of skill and experience. Is it, therefore, strange, that the skillful and efficient treatment of the various and complicated infirmities and dangerous diseases of the male and female sexual system, should require much study, investigation, and experience ?

The late SirAstley Cooper, an English surgeon of great eminence, observed to his class : " Gentlemen, these are some of the arcana of the profession,^nto which you will not be readily admitted; it is not until you have contended long with popular prejudices, that you will be made acquainted with such important secrets. When forty years of practice shall have rolled over your heads, when you shall have the snows on the tops of the mountains, then, and not till then, will you be required to give your opinion on such weighty matters."

Philadelphia, 1864.

THE SEXUAL SYSTEM.

CHAPTER I. FEMAJLE genital organs

The pudendum or external organs— The mons veneris, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, vestibule, meatus urinarius, urethra, and hymen described — Their abuses, diseases, and malformations noticed — Amputations of the nymphse and clitoris — Supposed hermaphrodites—The Lesbian love — The uses of the nymphae, clitoris, and hymen explained, and ludicrous errors exposed — The internal genital organs — The vagina, womb, fallopian tubes, and ovaries described — Interesting case of impotence from rigid contraction of the orifide of the vagina — The instinctive motions of the fimbriated extremities of the fallopian tubes — The ovum or human egg — Its structures, minuteness, and wonderful capabilities considered — The corpus luteum — The doctrine omnia ex ovo established. — From Harvey.

The sexual system in the female consists of various organs, having as many names and special offices to perform in the generation of the species. For the purposes^f description, they may be divided into the external and the internal, the former embracing those which are situated upon the outside of the pelvis, while the latter are protected within the body of the female, no portion of which

being brought into view except by the use of instruments.

It is evident, therefore, that the line of division is the entrance to the vagina. The external organs are sometimes included in the single name, pudendum.

Persons not studied in anatomy are often greatly perplexed to understand some of the terms which are usuallyemployed to designate the relations and positions of v£fcious parts of these organs. Thus, when we use the word anterior ', as applied to any part of the external organs, they think it should be superior, and when we use the word posterior ', they think the word inferior would better express the position of the part. But such confusion will disappear from the mind of the reader, if he reflect that all anatomical descriptions regard the subject as being in the standing, and not in the sitting or lying posture. In such a posture, the intelligent reader will readily understand, ihat a horizontal line will be parallel to the fissure of the pudendum ; while in the lying posture, such a line would be at rightangles, or very nearly so, to the fissure.

We often associate two of these words thus, anteroposterior, from before backwards ; antero-superior, or we say, anterior superior, meaning before and above, etc.

With this brief key to the use of these terms, we shall proceed to describe first the external, and secondly the internal genital organs of the female.

Mons Veneris literally signifies mount of love. It is situate in front of the symphysis pubis, being the anteriorsuperior portion of the external organs, and it consists chiefly of fibrous, cellular, and fatty tissue, covered with integument. It is rounded and more or leas prominent according to the amount of its tissue and the prominence of the bone on which it is situated. At puberty it is covered with hair. It is not known to possess any function, or to be of any use in the sexual economy, except to prevent injury from any undue violence or pressure in the intercourse of the sexes. For this purpose it forms a sort of cushion. It also gives the characteristic rotundity and loveliness to the female form.

This structure, like some other parts of the genital organs, is liable to active inflammations, at any age of the patient, which, without timely and efficient treatment, may run on to produce abscesses, and burrowing fistulous openings, causing much suffering, and a long, tedious recovery.

Labia Majora literally signifies the large lips. They are also called the labia externa, or the external lips of the vagina. They consist of two thick folds of integument, cellular and fatty tissue, and extend from the inferior and central part of the mons veneris to the perineum behind — the perineum being the structure between the vagina and the anus, which is about one and a half inches in extent.

At puberty, the labia majora are more or less covered with hair, and their general form is semi-lunar or like a half-moon. Where they meet behind and disappear into the perineum we find a fold of mucous membrane stretching across and binding the two folds of the lips more closely together. This is about as thick and strong as the frenum or bridle of the penis, and it is called the fourchette or frenum* of the vagina.. It is often ruptured at the first labor ; and it is, therefore, of some consequence, together

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with other evidences, in deciding the question as to the delivery of a child. There is a little space between the fourchette and the posterior border of the orifice of the vagina, which is called the fossa navicularis, literally signifying a little ship.

, The internal surfaces of the labia majora are smooth and moist with a mucous secretion, and in the young they are of a pink color, while in the old they have a pale or livid hue, and they resemble the mucous membranes of other parts. In virgins, these surfaces are closely in contact ; but in women who have born children, they remain more or less separated. The anatomical name of the space between the labia majora is the vulva ; and we will here call attention to a misapplication of this term by many writers. It is frequently used by such to denote the labia majora themselves, and hence, when they describe the diseases of these parts there is some difficulty in getting their precise meaning. We repeat, therefore, that the term refers simply to the space between the labia majora, or more properly speaking, to the mucous surfaces brought into view by separating the lips, and the term should be used in no other sense.

The labia majora arc very elastic, and their principal use seems to be to favor the dilatation of the parts during parturition ; for during the passage of the child's head, they are so distended that their form entirely disappears, returning, however, to their normal condition after the labor is completed. They are subject to various diseases, such as inflammation, infiltrations, fatty growths, eruptions, excoriations, itchings, etc. ; and their surfaces sometimes adhere or grow together. This latter condition is sometimes found to exist at birth, but it most frequently takes place in the adult, as the result of excoriations and uncleanliness. The mucous and sebateous glands, which in health secrete a fluid to lubricate the parts, and to protect them from the consequences of friction, will through some morbid influence, sometimes pour out an acrid irritating material, which inflames and excoriates the internal surfaces of the labia ; and if the female be married, this acrid secretion, it is supposed by some authors may produce in the husband a sort of gonorrhoeal discharge. Great caution is, therefore, required, on the part of the practitioner, not to confound such an affection with true venereal disease.

Labia Minora litteraUy signifies the lesser lips. They are sometimes called the labia interna or the internal lips ; but more frequently they are spoken of as the nymphae, whence is derived the English word nymph, signifying a goddess of the woods, meadows, and waters ; and sometimes lewd and immodest girls, and flirts, are called nymphs. The labia minora are two folds of mucous membrane situated within the labia majora, and extending from the superior junction of the latter to the middle of the vaginal orifice, where they disappear into the other structures. They have a free margin like a cock's comb, and are well supplied with nerves, and some erectile tissue is found in their structure. In virgins, they are concealed within the vulva, but in women who have born children, they are more or less elongated, and often protrude beyond the vulva, and

20 HIE SEXUAL SYSTEM.

they change from the virgin pink to the brownish color as age advances.

In the Hindoos, Persians, Hottentots, etc. , the nymphae are sometimes greatly elongated, and form most inconvenient flaps, somewhat resembling a dog's ears. Travelers have described these dog's ears as extending the enormous length of six or eight inches, and they are not unfrequently removed by the knife of the surgeon. . Unlike the large lips they do not disappear during parturition, and investigators have been puzzled to ascertain their uses. They were supposed by the early writers to be serviceable during micturition in giving direction to the stream of urine, but this notion is now abandoned, for they do not seem to be arranged in such a manner as to fulfill any such purpose. It has also been supposed that they favor the dilatation of the vaginal orifice during labor, but a sufficient refutation of such an hypothesis, is found in the fact that they do not disappear, as we have already stated, during such dilatation, which any one who attends a case of labor, can verify for himself. In order to favor the dilatation of the passage for the escape of the child, it would be necessary to put them upon the stretch, so that, for the time being, they would lose their crescentic form, and disappear into the surrounding parts, which, as we have said, does not take place. Another doctrine is that, as the nymphae increase the extent of surface sensibility, the pleasurable excitement upon the approaches of the sexes must also be increased as a necessary appendage of the generative powers. This is the most reasonable doctrine, for we know that pleasure is a necessary concomitant of generation. Most people are too selfish to propagate their species from a sense of duty alone. If it is bitter in the belly it must be sweet in the mouth.