The American fruit book; containing directions for raising, propagating, and managing fruit trees, shrubs, and plants; with a description of the best varieties of fruit, including new and valuable kinds ...

Front matter

Class Hi

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Preface

In our early childhood, we joyfully feasted on fruits, both wild and cultivated, and from that time we have regarded them as "pleasant to the sight and good for food," ranking among the most delightful and valuable productions of the earth.

In our boyhood, we anxiously watched the early bearing trees, and became familiar with hundreds of varieties of fruits, and could select each from a promiscuous heap, and define its name, character, and location. This early discipline of the mind has been highly advantageous ; and the love of fruits, and a pleasure in their cultivation, have

" Grown with our growth and strengthened with our strength ; "

and the subject never tires, as it is rich in variety, vast in extent, and every season brings something fresh and interesting, as new fruits are continually springing into existence.

We have long conducted journals in which fruits have been a conspicuous subject, and this has opened a wide acquaintance, and an extensive correspondence and interchange, with numerous fruit growers, in different parts of the country ; and our observations, when visiting orchards and fruit gardens, have afforded us peculiar advantages, in seeing trees in various locations, and under different management. We have, also, constantly inspected one of the largest markets, in a region of the greatest variety and extent of fruit culture — a wide field of experiments on natives and exotics — and, owing to varying seasons, and precarious crops, inviting productions from all parts of the country.

The exhibitions of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, one of the most enlightened and efficient associations in the world, we have long examined ; and we gratefully acknowledge the politeness of officers and members of this association, for numerous favors. By the perusal of the various agricultural and horticultural journals, we have been apprised of all new and excellent fruits produced in different sections, and the prevalent opinions concerning them.

These advantages, with diligence and zeal in turning them to account, with our own practice from early life, in the pleasant pursuit of growing fruits, and in raising and managing trees in the nursery and orchard, may justify us in offering this work, as the result of long experience and extensive observation, combined with the opinions of a great many of the most intelligent fruit growers, and able pomologists, in the country.

Our object has been, to furnish a book adapted to the wants, and within the means, of every family in the country — emphat- 1*

VI PREFACE.

ically a work for the million — containing all the practical information necessary for the production and successful management of trees, and the selection of the best varieties of fruit, in order to excite greater attention, both in cultivator and consumer, in raising more and superior fruits, and in their extensive use as wholesome food, an improving ingredient in various culinary preparations, and not only a harmless, but a healthful luxury. It will be found valuable in the family, as a branch of science, far more useful than subjects that are foreign to the practical purposes of life.

Nearly every variety of excellent fruit is cultivated in this region. For the peculiar character of new kinds, in distant parts of the country, and some others adapted to particular locations, we rely on judicious cultivators in such sections, and our authorities are often quoted.

This manual has been condensed from a collection of materials sufficient for several volumes, containing the substance of the whole. This has been a more laborious task than the preparation of a voluminous work.

A prominent feature is a preference for native fruits ; and we have introduced many new and valuable kinds, a number of which (some of the highest rank) have never been known to the public, excepting by our distributions and notices.

We have endeavored to discriminate between fruits that are excellent, indifferent, and poor. It avails but little, to give hundreds of kinds, all " excellent " — " fine " — " desirable," &c, when not one-fourth are worth cultivating. It leads the inexperienced into a labyrinth of confusion, vexation, and disappointment.

Although this book is of humble pretensions, both in size and price, yet, owing to its comprehensive style, and economical arrangement, it contains a large amount of matter, describing the most valuable fruits, with a discriminating view of some of less importance, and a cautionary account of a few that have acquired a name beyond their merits.

A work of this character is very liable to criticism, as fruits vary greatly, from climate, season, location, soil, management, and various incidents ; tastes, also, vary materially. We give general characteristics and habits, aware that there are many exceptions.

We shall be happy to receive opinions on any subject in this work, confirmatory or exceptive. Also, specimens of fruits, scions, &c, of new and decidedly superior varieties, from any section of this country, or from more distant regions, will be very acceptable, and duly acknowledged.

S. W. COLE.

Chelsea and (Quincy Hall) Boston.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

We have, at various periods of our life, received instruction from numerous works, domestic and foreign, on the subjects embraced in this work ; but in its immediate preparation, we have depended — next to our own experience and observation — mostly on the intelligent cultivator and able nomologist of the present time, and on recent works of the highest authority, a few of which we name : —

Fruit and Fruit Trees of America, by A. J. Downing, Newburg, N. Y.

The Grape, by J. F. Allen, Salem, Ms.

Magazine of Horticulture, (monthly,) by C. M. Hovey, Cambridge, Ms.

Horticulturist, (monthly,) by A. J. Downing.

Insects Injurious to Vegetation, by Dr. T. W. Harris, Cambridge, Ms.

New England Fruit Book, by the late Robert Manning, revised by John M. Ives.

Fruits of America, (bi-monthly,) colored engravings, by C. M. Hovey.

Family Kitchen Garden, by Robert Buist, Philadelphia, Pa.

Western Farmer and Gardener, formerly by Rev. H. W. Beecher.

Albany Cultivator, Horticultural Department,by J. J. Thomas.

American Agriculturist, by A. B. Allen.

Genesee Farmer, Horticultural Department, by P. Barry.

Ohio Cultivator, by T. M. Bateham.

Report of the Ohio Fruit Convention, prepared by F. R. Elliott.

Prairie Farmer. III., by J. S. Wright, and J. A. Wight.

New England Farmer, Old Series.

Boston Cultivator.

Massachusetts Ploughman, by Wm. Buckminster.

Maine Farmer, by Dr. Holmes.

Michigan Farmer, by Rev. W. Isham.

Besides the above, we have added to our means and sources of information, by access to all the agricultural and horticultural journals throughout the country, as well as many which are published abroad, including various books which have appeared since the present era of agricultural and horticultural improvement.

We are indebted to numerous fruit-growers, and nurserymen, for various favors, such as specimens of fruit, scions, trees, vines, plants, &c; for the communication of facts and opinions, personally, by correspondence, or through the public journals ; and to many whom we have visited, for an exhibition of their orchards and fruit gardens, and for the detailed accounts of their experiments and observations with which they have kindly favored us.

s

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.

To have inserted the names of the numerous class above named, together with such compliments as they deserved for their generosity, their skill and interest, in this noble science, would have required an amount of room, which, though certainly well employed, would not, perhaps, have been so useful to the general reader, as the matter which, thereby, must have been excluded.

We give a few names, mostly as a matter of economy as to room, saving us, through the work, frequent repetitions of the whole address. This we have done, generally, without permission ; but we would simply remark, that no gentleman is responsible for any views which we have expressed ; as, in his particular location, as well as from other varying circumstances, he may have found different results from those which we have given.

Allen, J. F., Salem, Ms

Barker, Dr. S. A., McConnelsville, O.

Barry, P., Rochester, N. Y.

Beecher, Rev. H. W., Brooklyn, N. Y., late of Indiana.

Buist, Robert, Philadelphia, Pa.

Brinckle, Dr. W. D., " "

Cabot, Joseph S., Salem, Ms.

Colton, Samuel, Worcester, Ms.

Darling, N., New Haven, Ct.

Downing, A. J., Newburg,N.Y.

Downing, C, " " "

Dodge, A. W., Hamilton, Ms.

Eaton, L. C, Providence, R. I.

Earle, John Milton, Ed. Spy, Worcester, Ms.

Ernst, A. H., Cincinnati, O.

Fowler, S. P., Danvers, Ms.

Goodale, Stephen L., Saco, Me.

Haggerston, David, late farmer and gardener to J. P.

Cushing, Esq., Watertown.

Harkness, Edsom, Peoria, 111.

Hall, Moses, Portland, Me.

Harris, Dr. T. W., Cambridge, Ms.

Hodge, Benj., Buffalo, N. Y

Holmes, Dr. E., Winthrop, Me.

Hovey, C. M. , Cambridge.

Humrickhouse, T. S., Coshocton, O.

Ives, J. M., Salem, Ms.

Johnson, Otis, Lynn, Ms.

Kirtland, Dr.J.P.,Cleveland,0.

Kittredge, Dr. Rufus, Portsmouth, N. H.

Little, Henry, Bangor, Me.

Longworth, N., Cincinnati, O.

Lovitt, J., 2d., Beverly, Ms.

Ms.

Manning, Robert, Salem, Ms.

Newhall, Cheever, Dorchester,

Ms.

Pike, A., Watertown, Ms.

Pinneo, J., Hanover, N. H.

Pond, S., Cambridgeport, Ms.

Reeves, S., Salem, N. J.

Richards, E. M., Dedham, Ms.

Shurtleff, Dr. S. A., Brookline,

Ms.

Springer, Rev. C, Meadow

Farm, O.

Tabor, D., Vassalborough, Me.

Teschernacher,J.E.,Boston,Ms.

Thomas, David, Aurora, N. Y.

Thomas, J. J., Macedon, N.Y.

Walker, Samuel, Roxbury, Ms.

Wendell, Dr. H., Albany, N.Y.

Wight, Dr. E., Dedham, Ms.

Wilder, M. P., Dorchester, Ms.

Weller, Dr. Sidney, Brinckney-

ville, N. C.

Williams & Son, A. D., and

A. D. Jr., Roxbury, Ms,

INTRODUCTION, OR EXPLANATORY.

Feuits are generally described in familiar language ; a few technical terms, only, are used.

The position of fruits, as represented by engravings, is stem upward, as it usually hangs on the tree ; yet, in description, the stem end is called the base or bottom, as it is next to the branch or tree, and the blossom end is called the top, summit, crown, apex, or eye.

Sizes are expressed by comparative terms ; as, extremely large

— very large — large — rather, or tolerably large — large medial

— medial — small medial — rather small — small — very small — extremely small. These form a gradation of sizes.

Forms of fruit are multifarious, varying, all the way, from one extreme to another. The following figures and remarks will aid the inexperienced.

Round. This simple form is most common to fraits, and other substances. It is the basis on which other forms are calculated. Figure 1. Black Hamburgh Grape. Slight deviations are Roundish., as the peach on page 178.

Appleform is the most common modification of the circle. The base or stem end is the larger. Fig. 2. Baldwiu Apple.

Round. Appleform. Pear/orm. Oval.

Pearform, or Pyriform, is the reverse of appleform, as the base is the smaller. Fig. 3. Andrews Pear. Pears generally taper more to the small end than apples.

All other Forms are modifications of these three leading forms.

Oval, the circle modified or elongated lengthwise. Fig. 4. Smith's Orleans Plum ; White Muscat Grape.

Flat, the circle elongated crosswise. Fig. 5. Briggs's Auburn Apple, Rambo Apple.

Oblong-, the height greater than the diameter. Fig. 6. Porter Apple ; Coe's Golden Drop Plum ; Portugal Quince.

INTRODUCTION, OK EXPLANATORY.

Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8.

Flat. Oblong. Ovate Obuvate.

Ovate, the form of an egg ; the base the larger end. Fig. 7. Williams Apple ; High Bush Blackberry is long-ovate.

Obovnte, ovate form reversed. Pig. 8. Osborn's Summer Pear ; Blue Imperatriee Plum ; Cranberry, page 279.

Conical, tapering much, and straightly, or nearly so, to the top or calyx. Fig. 9. Burr's New Pine Strawberry.

Turbinate, top-shaped. Fig. 10. Dearborn's Seedling Pear. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12.

Conical. Turbinate. Heart-shaped. . Angular.

Heart-shaved, shape of a heart. A form peculiar to cherries. Fig. 11. Elton Cherry.

Angular, elongated diagonally, one side the lower, the other the higher. Fig. 12. Newtown Pippin,

A combination or modification of these forms, is expressed by a combination of these and various other terms ; as, roundish-flat, flattish-round, flattish-conical, roundish-conical, oblong-conical, roundish-ovate, oblong-ovate, obtuse-pyriform, acute-pyriform, obovate-pyriform, turbinate-pyriform, roundish-pyriform, flattish-roundish-conical, roundish-acute-pyriform, obtuse-heart-shaped, acute-heart-shaped, roundish-heart-shaped, &c., &c.

Calville-shaped, prominently ribbed and irregular.

Ribbed, having moderate protuberances on the sides.

Undulating- or Waved, having very gentle swellings on the sides, or in the cavity or basin.

Colors of fruit are described in terms so familiar, that they need no explanation. They should represent the fruit as it appears when ripe or perfect for use.

The Stem is also called stalk, and the hollow in which it is set is called

Cavity, which is of various forms.

INTRODUCTION, OR EXPLANATORY. XI

The Calyx is the remains of the blossom, and the parts of it are called segments. The calyx is generally in a depression or

Basin, which is of various shapes, and is smooth, waved, furrowed, plaited, or notched.

Suture is a hollow or furrow on stone fruit, extending lengthwise round, nearly round, mostly round, half round, or partially round it. It is peculiar to peaches and plums.

The Time of Ripening, in this work, refers to the latitude of Ms., or this region, which is nearly the same as Central and Western N. Y., Mich., and Iowa. In the Southern parts of Me., N. H., and Vt., fruit ripens 10 or 12 days later ; in the Northern parts of those States, 3 or 4 weeks later. In the Southern parts of Ct. and N. Y., and Northern parts of N. J., Pa., O., 111., Ind., &c, about 2 weeks earlier. In Southern N. J., Pa., and Central O., Ind., 111., and Northern Mo., 3 or 4 weeks earlier. The time is a little earlier in the same latitude Westward. Location has great effect. (Page 61.) The time of fruits, of other sections, has been estimated by comparison with well known kinds. Mostly, time is given from our observation for several years.

Tables of Fkuit, pages 137, 175, 200, 220, 233. Common type, dessert fmit, as Williams apple. Italics, cooking, as St. Lawrence. Part in each type, for both purposes ; and hest for that indicated by the first type, as Foundling-, best for the dessert ; River, best for cooking. In this way, it may be shown that a fruit is almost wholly for one purpose or the other, as Summer Pearmain, mostly for the table ; Red Astrach^n, mostly for the kitchen. Fruits equally good for either purpose, have Italics in the middle, as Cole's .Quince, Monamel Sweeting.

In the column market, the fruits are numbered as preferred for market, as 1 the best kind, 2 the next hest, &c. The trees are generally vigorous and productive, and the fruit large, fair, of good appearance, or showy, and the quality excellent, or tolerably good.

In the column Home Use, the fruits are numbered as preferred for the private garden or home consumption. They are of superior quality, but not always large, nor are the trees always vigorous and productive. Some kinds are good, only as taken from the tree, as the Early Joe apple, and some are too tender to bear transportation to the market, as Fastolff Raspberry, Coolidge Peach, and many others.

In numbering fruits, both for market and for home, care has been taken to select such as ripen at different periods, so that an assortment will give a succession through the season of that species of fruit. In selecting the best apples and pears for Summer, Fall, and Winter, those for each season are marked distinctly.

The column Quality, shows the quality of fruit, on a scale from 1 the very best, to 10 the poorest, and should be read No. 1, 2,

Xll INTRODUCTION, OR EXPLANATORY.

3, &c, not 1st, 2nd, and 3d rate, which is very indefinite, as there is a wide difference between 1st and 2nd rate ; and A 1, B 1, A 2, &c, is a confused mode, difficult to understand and apply. The quality is for the purposes indicated by the types, as dessert or cooking, and our mode of expressing it is simple and definite.

Column Hardiness, shows this quality in fruit, as to rotting, running from 1, very hardy, to 10, very liable to rot.

As to Quality, Tastes vary very much. Many men, and writers on fruit generally, prefer a smart, vinous, or Champagne flavor, such as the Dix and Beurre de Aremberg pears, and some even admire the still more acid Brown Beurre, also whitefleshed vinous-flavored peaches ; while some men, and most women and children, the great majority, prefer sweet or mild luscious fruits, such as the Seckel and Winter Nelis pears, yellow-fleshed, sweet, rich peaches. Who shall decide, when Doctors of Pomology would prescribe for those who are sane, and need no advice ? A taste for acid or smart-flavored fruits is natural with some, and it may be acquired or increased, by the use of stimulants or narcotics.

Dessert, Table, and Eating, all have the same meaning, and are applied to fine, delicious fruits.

Cooking and Kitchen are applied to acid or austere fruits, used for culinary purposes. Sometimes, mild or sweet fruits are used for cooking ; as, sweet apples, peaches, plums. &c.

An Amateur is one who generally cultivates for pleasure, and has time and money ; and he regards not so much the cost of fruit, or its value in market, as its excellent quality. Sometimes, beauty is an object with him.

Middle Region is a term that we use for the Middle States, and the same latitude west.

Pomology, the art or science of raising fruits and judging of their qualities. It is becoming a regular, extensive, important, and delightful science, adapted to the taste of all.

Pomologist, one interested and skilled in the knowledge of fruits.

Pippin is an indefinite term, implying nothing more nor less than apple.

The Nomenclature of fruits is in a confused state. Some fruits have a great many names ; while, in other cases, the same name is applied to many varieties. All cultivators should endeavor to remedy this evil, by learning and abiding by the true standard name. It is acknowledged that the producer of fruit has the best right to name it. If he neglect it, the discoverer of a new kind may name it ; and next in order comes the claim of him who introduces it to the public. All uncouth, and very long names should be avoided, as Ramshorns, Hogpen, Back of the Barn Apple, &c. All apples, decidedly sweet, should include in their name the term Sweet or Siceeting.

GENERAL INDEX TO SUBJECTS.

Acclimation, 62.

Almond, history, uses, soil, propagation, climate, &c, 283.

American blight, 93.

Apple, history, uses, 81 ; soil and location, 83 ; propagation, 84 planting, culture, and manure, 85 ; pruning, hearing years, 86 insects, 87 ; gathering and preserving, 94 ; varieties. 95 summer, 97 ; fall, 103 ; winter and spring, 122 ; for ornament, preserves and cider, 137 ; tables of order in ripening and selections of choice kinds, 133, 139, 140.

Apple-borer, description of and its habits, 88 ; remedies for, 89 ;

Apple-worms, 89 ; description of their habits, remedies, 90.

Apricot, history, uses, propagation, 259 ; soil, location, &c.,260.

Bands for budding, 45.

Barberry, 237 ; uses, 288.

Bark-louse, 93.

Bats destroy insects. 73.

Birds destroyers of insects, 73 ; to frighten, 75.

Blackberry, history, 277 ; uses, soil, propagation, and culture, 278.

Black walnut, 286.

Blossoms, to protect from frost, 72 ; description of, 76.

Blueberry, 283.

Budding, effects of, subjects for, requisites to success, time for, 41 ; spring budding, preparation and saving of scions, modes of budding, 43 ; on removing the wood, bands, &c., 45.

Butternut, 286.

Canker-worm, 90. Caterpillar, 92.

Causes of failure, 68.

Cherry, history, uses, soil and location, 222 ; propagation, 223 ;

planting, culture, pruning, &c., 224 ; in the South, in the West,

insects, 225 ; classification, varieties, 226 ; ornamental, 237 ;

tables of, and selection of choice kinds, 238, 239. Chestnuts, 286.

Cider, manufacture of, 93. Citron, 285. Clay for grafting, 40. Climate, effects of, 60. Cranberry, history, uses, culture on wet land, 279 ; culture on

high land, 280.

Cross-fertilization, to produce new varieties, 65. Cultivation, 51.

Culture, effects of, 60. 2

14 GENERAL INDEX TO SUBJECTS.

Cuttings, propagation by, 31.

Currants, history, uses, soil, propagation, culture, &c., 269 ; insects, varieties, 270.

Declension of fruits, 65. Disbarking, 70.

Dwarfing. 63 ; effected by root pruning, by transplanting, by

stocks, 67 ; by shortening-in, 183.

Early bearing, 67. English walnut, 286. Pig, 231, 282. Filbert, 286.

Fruits, utility of. 25 ; profits of, 27 ; testing fairly, 75. Fruitfulness, to induce, 67.

Gathering fruits, 79 ; apples, 94 ; pears, 150.

Gooseberry, history, uses, soil, and management, 272 ; varieties, 273.

Grafting, its advantages, time for, 33 ; subjects for, cutting and saving scions, 34 ; cleft, scarfing the stock, 36 ; splice, side, 37 ; crown, saddle, root, 38 ; composition for, 39 ; composition cloth, clay for, after management, 40.

Grafting composition, 39.

Grape, history, uses, 240 ; soil and location, propagation, 241 ; culture and manure, 243 ; planting in vine\ r ards and gardens, cultivation under glass, 244 ; training, 245 ; reduction of fruit, bleeding, mildew, 243 ; insects, preserving, 249 ; foreign, 250 ; native, 252.

Inarching, 46 ; to save girdled trees by, 71.

Insects, their devastations, 72 ; remedies, 73 ; see also pages 87,

&C ; 184, &c. ; 204, 225.

Labels, of various kinds, 76.

Laying in trees by the heels, 49.

Layering, 31. Lemon, 235. Lime, 235.

Location, effects of, 60.

Manures, 52 ; compost for all kinds of trees, liquid, 53 ; effects

of on fruit, 62.

Mulching, 50. Mulberry, 2S7.

Nectarines, 199.

New varieties of fruit from seed, 65.

Olive, history, uses varieties, 285. Orange, 284.

Packing trees, 43.

Peach, history, 178 ; uses, soil, and location, 179 ; propagation, 180 ; planting, training, and pruning, 182 ; wash, 184 ; diseases and insects, 1S4 ; marks of distinction, 1S8 ; varieties, 189 ; ornamental, 193 ; tables of in order of ripening and selection of choice kinds, 200, 201.

Pear, history, &c., 141; uses, soil, and location, 142 ; propagation, 143 ; on the quince, 144 ; planting, 145 ; culture and manure, 146 ; pruning, blight, 147 ; uncertainty of, 149 ; gathering, pre-

GENERAL INDEX TO SUBJECTS. 15

serving, and ripening, 150 ; varieties, 150 ; summer, 151 ; fall, 156 ; winter, 170 ; cooking, 174 ; tables of in order of ripening and selection of choice kinds, 175, 176, 177.

Plum, history, uses, soil, and location, propagation, 202 ; planting, culture, manure, and pruning, 203 ; curculio, 204 ; black wart, 205 ; varieties, 206 ; ornamental, 219 ; tables of in order of ripening and selection of choice kinds, 220, 221.

Pomegranate, history, 286 ; uses, varieties, 287.

Preserving fruits. 79.

Propagation, see seeds, layers, cuttings, grafting, budding, &c.

Pruning, 57.

Quince, history, uses, soil, culture, propagation, training, &c, 256 ; varieties, 257 ; ornamental, 259.

Raspberry, history, uses, 274 ; soil, propagation, cultivation, &c.,

varieties, 275.

Renovating old trees, 70. Removing large trees, 51. Re-rooting, 47.

Rose-bug destructive to trees, modes of destroying, 73. Rotation, 64.

Scions, cutting and preserving, 34.

Scraping, 69.

Seeds, propagation by, 31. Oo

Shaddock, 285. Shellbark, 286. Shepherdia, 288. Shortening-in, a mode of pruning, 68, 183. Slitting the bark, 70. Snakes destroy insects, 73.

Soil for fruit trees, its improvement and preparation, 28 • its

effects on fruit, 60.

Stocks and their effects, 59.

Strawberry, history, productions, uses, soil, and manure, 261 ;

propagation, culture, 262 ; constant culture on the same land,

conditioA of the flowers, 263 ; culture of pistillate plants, 264 ;

varieties, 265.

Thinning fruits, 62.

Training, various modes, 54.

Transplanting, preparing places for trees, 47 ; taking up trees, puddling, reducing the top, packing, 48 ; protecting the roots from frost, laying in by the heels, setting, 49 ; mulching, watering, time for transplanting, removing in summer, 50 ; removing large trees, transplanting in the bud, 51.

Trees, to protect from rabbits, mice,&c, 71.

Toads destroy insects, 73.

Tobacco-water for destroying insects, 73.

Washing, 69. Watering trees, 50.

Whale oil soap, for destroying insects, 73.

Wine, manufacture of, 78. Whortleberry, 288,

Wounds of trees, composition, and a mixture for, 57.

Yellows, a disease in the peach, 184.

Index To Fruits

Standard names in Roman letters; Synonyms in Italics.

ALMONDS.

Bitter, 284

Common, 283

Common Sweet, 283

Ladies' Thin Shell, .... 283 Long Hard-Shell, .... 283

Soft-Shell Sweet, 283

Ornamental, 284

APPLES.

Alexander, 118

American Golden Russet, . 132 American Red Juneating, .101 Am. Summer Pearmain, . .103 Am. White Winter Calville, 135

Api Petit, 130

August Sweeting, .... 99

Aunt Hannah, 129

Bailey's Golden Sweet, . . 123

Baldwin, 128

Bars, 104

Beauty of Kent, 114

Beauty of the West, . . . .111

Belmont, 121

Benoni, 101

Bevan — Sevan's Favorite, 99

Black, 128

Black Gilliflower, . . . .126

Blue Pearmain, 120

Boston Russet, 1 35

Bough, 99

Boxford, 110

Bracken, 97

Brahant's Bellflower, . . . 129 Bread and. Cheese, . . . .116

Briggs's Auburn, 109

Cabashea, 117

Canada Renette, 134

Carthouse, 135

Camfield, 137

Cayuga Red Streak, . . .120

Chandler, 122

Chapman's Orange, . . . .Ill

Cole's Quince, 99

Cooper, 114

Cooper's Russeting, . . .137

Crimson Pippin, 115

Curtis's Early Stripe, . . 97 Dan vers Winter Sweet, . .125 Detroit, 115— Detroit, ... 130 Devonshire Quarrenden, . 98

Domine, 131

Douhle Flowering Crab, . . 137

Douse, 112

Dutch Codlin, 109

Dutch Mignonne, 120

Dutchess of Oldenburg, . .102

Dyer, Ill

Early Harvest, 97

Early Joe, 105

Early Pennock, 104

Early Red Margaret, ... 98 Early Strawberry, .... 101 Early Summer Pearmain,. 103

English Russet, 130

English Pearmain, . . .122 Epse Sweet, ....... .125

Esopus Spitzenberg, . . . 129

Eustis, 119

Fairbanks, 108

Fall Harvey, 117

Fall Pippin, 117

Fall Strawberry, . . . . , 111

Fall Wine, 109

Fameuse, 118

Felch, 130

Flushing Spitzenberg, . . .129

Foundling, 100

Garden Royal, 106

Gate Apple, 121

Gilpin, 135

Gloria Mundi, 122

Golden Ball, 120

Golden Pippin, .128

Index To Apples

XV11

Golden Sweet, 102

Grand Sachem, 104

Gravenstein, 110

Groton, 100

Hartford Sweeting, . . . .130

Hagloe Crab, 137

Harrison, 137

Haskell Sweet, 103

Hawley, 112

Hawthornden, 113

Hay's Winter, 120

Herfordshire Pearmain, . .122 Hewe's Virginia Crab, . .137

Hogpen, 114

Holden Pippin, 114

Holland Pippin, 1 10

Howe Apple, 104

Hubbardston Nonsuch, . .113

Hunt's Russet, 132

Hurlbut, . 118

Jersey Sweeting, 110

Jewett'sRed, 112

Jonathan, 123

Jones's Pippin, 114

Junealing, 97

Kaighn's Spitzenberg, . . .125

King, 122

Ladies' Sweeting, . . . .132

Lady Apple, 130

Large Red Siberian Crab, . 137

Late Baldwin, 128

Late Straicberry, Ill

Leicester Sweeting, . . . .130

Leland Pippin, 110

Leland Spice, 110

Lincoln Pippin, 104

Little Pearmain, 132

Long Pearmain, 114

Long Stem, 106

Lowell, 109

Lyman's Large Summer, . .104

Lyscom, Ill

Magnolia, Ill

Mafden's Blush, 113

Male Carle, 116

Mamma Bean, 121

Marston's Red Winter, . .125 McLellan, 125

Melon, 124

Melvin Sweet, 121

Mexico, 105

Michael Henry Pippin, . . 130

Minister, 124

Monamet Sweeting, . . . .102 Monstrous Pippin, . . . .122 Moore's Late Sweet, . . .131

Moses Wood, 110

Mother, 115

Murphy, 121

Never -fail, 136

New York Spice, 110

Newtown Pippin, 133

Newark Sweeting-, . . . .137 Newtown Spitzenberg, . .125

Nodhead, 112

Norfolk, 136

Northern Spy, 134

Norton's Melon, 124

Oaks Apple, 117

Old Nonsuch, 127

Orange, 136— Orange,. . . 109

Orange Sweet, 102

Orlley Pippin, 130

Oslin 100

Osgood's Favorite, . . . .111

Oxeye, 122

Pecker, 128

Peck's Pleasant, 125

Pennock's Red Winter, . . 128 Pomme de Niege,, . . . .118

Pomme Gris, 129

Pomme Roy ale, Ill

Porter, 107

Porter's Sweeting, . . . .130 Portsmouth Sweet, .... 122

Pound Royal, 120

Pound Royal, 109

Prior's Late Red, . . . .127

Prior's Red, 127

Pumpkin Russet, . . . .115

Pumpkin Sweet, 115

Putnam Russet, 135

Queen Anne, 114, Q. Anne, 109

Quince of Coxe, 115

Rambo 116

Ram's Horns, 113