The history of South Carolina under the royal government, 1719-1776

Front matter

Glass _r_^2^.

COIYRIGHT DEPOSIT.

THE HISTORY OF SOUTH CAROLINA

Chapter I 1/19-1720

The Revolution of 1719 Instigated by the Royal government — Rhett's prediction that It would end in revolt against the King — Anomalous condition of original province as defined by grant — South Carolina under Royal, North Carolina under Proprietary government — The King and Lord John Carteret joint owners of the soil of the whole — Continued dangers from the Spaniards and Indians — Temporary government under James Moore — Its enactments — Organization of courts — Act against usury — Act for relief of debtors — Commodities as currency — Rice bills — Enlistment of trusty slaves. 1-15.

Chapter II 1720-1721

Joseph Boone and John Barnwell consulted by Board of Trade upon draft of commission for Provisional Governor under Royal government — Maryland precedent followed — Sir Francis Nicholson selected as Provisional Governor — His character and experience — Constitutional difference between Proprietary and Royal governments — Sir Francis Nicholson, Messrs. Boone and Barnwell, consulted upon draft of instructions to Governor — Sketch of instructions and scheme of government thereunder — Sir Francis sworn as Governor — A fort on the Altamaha to be established — Sir Francis Nicholson arrives in Charlestown. 16-33.

Chapter III 1720-1722

Governor Robert Johnson submits to Royal government — The people receive Sir Francis Nicholson with joy — Colonel Barnwell commissioned commander of Southern forces — Governor Nicholson issues writs of election — James Moore Speaker of new House — Act recognizing his Majesty King George I — Another for pacification of province — Usury

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law reeiiacted — Election law revised — Indian trade regulated — Ofificers chosen by Assembly — Tax on land and negroes — Disallowed by Lords Justices in England — Instructions of Assembly to agents in London — Act to incorporate Charlestown as Charles City and Port — Petition against same — Act disallowed by Lords Justices — Courts of Chancery provided — County and Precinct Courts established — Slave code revised — Duties imposed on importation of negroes — Efforts for their education — Position of church and courts in England in regard to institution of slavery. 34-52.

Chapter IV 1722-1724

Peace between England and Spain — Governors of South Carolina and Florida charged to preserve pacific relations — Mutual complaints — Governor Nicholson inaugurates peaceful relations with Indians — Holds Congress — Makes treaty with Cherokees and Creeks — Moore and Rhett quarrel — Rhett quarrels also with Nicholson — His death — Tragedy of the Dutartre family — Adventures of Othneil Beale — Difficulties of Sir Francis Nicholson's provisional government — Controversy over the currency — Sir Francis desires to be relieved — His liberality in support of religion and education — Gifts and legacies for same — Sir Francis sails for England. 53-G8.

Chapter V 1724-1728

In absence of Governor Nicholson, administration devolves upon Mr. Arthur Middleton as President of Council — His position more difficult than that of Governor Nicholson — Proprietors still endeavor to recover their government — Robert Johnson's letter to Lord John Carteret — Proprietors appoint Robert Wright Chief Justice — Memorialize the King to accept surrender of charter — At same time pray Royal government that Colonel Samuel Horsey be made Governor and Robert Wright Chief Justice — Colonel Horsey and Thomas Lowndes instrumental in negotiating surrender of charter — Colonel Horsey made Landgrave — Character of Mr. Middleton — Question of boundary between South Carolina and Florida : negotiations thereon — Fort on Altamaha burned — Indian depredations renewed — Colonel Palmer's invasion of Florida — French encroachments from the West — Purry's proposition for settlement of colony from Switzerland — Complaints against Mr. Middleton — Renewal of controversy over currency — Popular party led by Landgrave Smitli — His arrest: riots ensue — Assembly called — Landgrave Smith memorializes House upon his arrest — Issue between Assembly and Council

CONTENTS xui

thereon — Smith released on bail — Continued controversy — Assembly attempts arrest of Chief Justice wiiile sitting in council — Mr. Godin sent by Council to England to represent case — Surrender of charter of Proprietors completed — Hurricane and yellow fever of 1728. (59-90.

Chapter VI 1729-1730

Robert Johnson commissioned Governor under permanent Royal government — Is consulted as to his instructions — Their character and government thereunder — Subject to Board of Trade and Plantations — No legislation vs^ithout its approval — Character and relation of Council to House of Assembly — Their parliamentary proceeding — Governor's speech — Patent Offices — Rev. Alexander Garden rector St. Philip's Church and commissary of Bishop of London — Early records of St. Philip's vestry — Vestry and wardens charged with care of the poor — Sir Alexander Cumming, sent to the Cherokees, concludes treaty with them — Indian chiefs sent to England with Sir Alexander — Audience with King — Treaty entered into with his Majesty. .91-106.

Chapter VII 1731-1732

Governor Robert Johnson arrives at Charlestown — Indian chiefs return with him — He brings commission of Lieutenant Governor for Thomas Broughton — Of Chief Justice for Robert Wright — Members of his Council — Material favors of Royal government — Rice allowed to be shipped to ports south of Cape Finisterre — Bounty on hemp, etc. — Appropriation law — New bills allowed to be issued — Arrears of quit-rents remitted — Independent company organized — Question of boundary between North and South Carolina — Settlement of Georgia begun — Area taken from South Carolina — Loses also in population by the new settlement — Formation and characteristics of territory — Upper and lower country. 107-120.

Chapter VIII 1732-1734

Vigorous measures for populating and settling the country — Eleven townships laid out — Yellow fever of 17.32 — Purry's advertisements for settlers — His colony of Swiss arrives — Settles at Purrysburg on the Savannah — Settlement ends disastrously — German and Swiss settlers in Orangeburg — Irish colony at Williamsburg — Welch and Scotch on the

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Pee Dee — Virginians on the High Hills of Santee — New parishes laid out — Military divisions of province — Georgetown laid out — Families of subsequent distiuction settle in province, — Moultrie, Rutledge, De Saussure. 121-142.

Chapter IX

Increased commercial importance of colony and value of lands — Improvements in buiMings — Printing-press introduced — First printers — They die of yellow fever — The South Carolina Gazette established by Lewis Timothy — Its successors, ending in present News and Courier — Struggle between Commons' House of Assembly and Chief Justice Wright over commitments by Commons upon matters subject to judicial action — Rights of habeas corpus in such cases. 143-163.

Chapter X 1733-1737

Arrival of Oglethorpe with part of his colony — Receives the most generous assistance — Colonel Bull assists in choice of site for settlement

— City of Savannah founded — Death of Governor Robert Johnson — Lieutenant Governor Thomas Broughton succeeds to administration of government — Struggle between Commons' House of Assembly and Council over right of latter to amend money bills — Death of Lieutenant Governor Broughton — Colonel William Bull administers government as President of Council. 164-176.

Chapter XI 1737-1740

Sketch of William Bull — Difficulty in supplying Governor Johnson's place — Colonel Samuel Horsey appointed — Dies without leaving England

— Colonel Bull appointed Lieutenant Governor — James Glen appointed Governor — Oglethorpe Commander-in-Chief of forces in South Carolina and Georgia — His military education and experience — Renewed struggle between Commons' House and Council over power of latter to amend money bills — Council refuses to allow Governor to sit at board while Council sits as an Upper House — Three years of disaster — In 1738 smallpox appears — In 1730 yellow fever rages and negroes rise in insurrection

— In 1740 occurs an unsuccessful expedition against St. Augustine and a great fire in Charlestown — Renewal of hostilities between England and Spain — Oglethorpe returns from England with a regiment — Invades Florida; takes and burns fort at Picolata — Applies to Lieutenant Gov-

CONTENTS XV

ernor Bull for assistance — Carolinians dissatisfied with his plans hesitate to join in invasion — Negotiations thereon — Regiment raised — Alexander Vander Uussen Colonel. 177-198.

Chapter XII

Oglethorpe's expedition to St. Augustine — Description of peninsula of Florida — Rendezvous at Fort St. George on St. John's — Vander Dussen and Captain Pearce of Royal navy to be consulted — Route by Picolata advised — Long route down peninsula chosen — Oglethorpe advances the 9th of May with part of his forces — Takes Fort Diego — Returns to St. John's — Resumes his advance on the 21st — His erratic and uncertain movements — Makes personal reconnoissance to St. Augustine — On the 27th another reconnoissance in force — Returns to Diego — Reviews Carolina regiment — Indians desert — General advance begun on the 31st — Arrives before St. Augustine on the 2d of June — Colonel Palmer, a volunteer aid, proposes an immediate attack — Oglethorpe refuses — Occupies Fort Moosa — Lieutenant Bryan makes dash into the town and urges immediate assault — Oglethorpe refuses — Carolina regiment ordered to Point Quartell — There resists demonstration by Spanish galleys from castle — Captain Pearce arrives off bar of St. Augustine — Council of war held — Pearce refuses to remain longer than the 5th of July — Colonel Palmer with detachment ordered to Fort Moosa — Protests, but obeys — Carolina regiment without supplies — Oglethorpe transfers his regiment to Anastatia Island against advice of Colonel Vander Dussen and Lieutenant Colonel Cook — Garrison at Fort Moosa attacked and destroyed — Colonel Palmer killed — Naval officers impatient and demand action — Council held without result — Oglethorpe removes his regiment to the main — Carolina regiment transferred to Anastatia Island — Surrender of castle demanded— Refused — Vander Dussen urges assault — Council held — Assault declared impracticable — Fleet abandons enterprise — Siege raised — Conduct of expedition considered — Oglethorpe's subsequent military career — South Carolina regiment returns — Colonel Fenwicke's address to it. 199-229.

Chapter XIII 1740-1743

Slave code revised — Duties imposed upon importation of negroes — Incendiary fires — Negro burned — Whitefield's controversy with Dr. Garden — Hugh Bryan's charge against clergy of Clmrch of England — Great

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fire in Charlestown — Hugh Bryan's delusion and inflammatory addresses — Is presented by grand jury — Renewed attention to i-eligious instruction of negroes — Bisliop of London's pastoral upon subject — Addresses of Rev. James Parker and Rev. Josiali Smith on same — Society for Propagation of Gospel purchases negroes to educate for teachers — Commissary Garden's school for negroes — Whitefield purchases negroes for orphanage at Bethesda — Advocates establishment of slavery in Georgia. 230-2i9.

Chapter XIV 1743-1750

Governor Glen arrives — Assumes administration of government — His character — Addresses Assembly — Advances made in constitutional government while he delayed in England — His letter to the Duke of New Castle upon the character of the government he finds — Letter to the Duke of Bedford upon same subject — Suggests changes — Third letter upon same — Appointment of Chief Justices — His answer to the Board of Trade upon economic condition of province — Statistics of rice, indigo, and peltry — History of these commodities — Taxes and disbursements of government. 250-274.

Chapter XV 1751-1755

St. Michael's Parish established — Church built — Its steeple and bells — Hurricane of 1752 — The case of Chief Justice Pinckney ; removal of, to make room for Peter Leigh — DeBrahm's system of fortification — Provision therefor gives rise to renewed question as to character and relation of the two Houses of Assembly. 275-293.

Chapter XVI 1755-1756

Description of Upper Carolina — Three remarkable classes of men precede regular settlers, — hunters, cow drivers, Indian traders — Anthony Park — Daugherty — Packhorsemen — Voy ageurs — Caravans follow Indian trails — Fort Moore and Congarees — Keowee trail — Railroad system follows these old trails — Map of De L' Isle — English and French emissaries among Indians — Indian troubles begin again — Chain of French settlements from Canada to Mississippi — Governor Glen's letter to Lieutenant Governor Dinwiddie — War between Creeks and Cherokees — Governor Glen invites conference — AttakullakuUa, or Little Carpenter, chief spokesman of Cherokees — Pipes smoked — Talk with Cherokees —

CONTENTS XVli

Peace restored — Real extent of Governor Glen's purchase of territory

— Fort Prince George built — Emigrants massacred at Guttery's — Governor Glen invites another Indian congress — Is recalled. 294-310.

Chapter XVII 1755-1756

Scotch-Irish Presbyterians settle in Pennsylvania — Upon Braddock's defeat come dov?n to Waxhaws in South Carolina — Here still subject to danger from Indian incursions — Other causes of anxiety — The establishment of the Church of England and the impotence of the government to preserve order in the new settlements on the frontier — Distinguished men who come from this settlement — Characteristics of these people. 311-320.

Chapter XVIII 1756-1760

William Henry Lyttleton appointed Governor, and arrives in Charlestown — His reception — Governor Glen at Ninety-six learns of his arrival and returns to Charlestown — Arrival of Acadians — Their unwelcome reception — Assembly reconvened provides for them — Votes supplies and adjourns — Anomalous condition of affairs between England and Prance in this country — Hostilities in northern provinces — British successes — Indian outbreak upon frontier of South Carolina — AttakullakuUa's efforts to preserve peace — Occonostota and other Indian chiefs come to Cliarlestowu under safe conduct to have "talk" with Governor

— His harsh treatment of them — Lieutenant Governor Bull disapproves Governor's course — Governor Lyttleton calls out militia — Marches to frontier with Indian chiefs as prisoners — Sends for AttakullakuUa to meet him at Fort Prince George — AttakullakuUa obtains release of Occonostota and other Indian chiefs — Treaty made with Indians — Governor returns to Charlestown, receives congratulation — Smallpox breaks out at Fort Prince George — Indians rise again — Lieutenant Coytomore massacred — Frontier a blaze — Massacre of the Calhouns — Governor Lyttleton appointed Governor of Jamaica and sails for that place. 321-344.

Chapter XIX 1760-1765

Thomas Pownal commissioned Governor; but does not come out — Lieutenant Governor William Bull assumes administration — Ship Albany arrives with transports bringing Colonel Montgomery with the 77th Regiment of Foot, or Royal Scots, and his own Regiment of Highlanders, which

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force is received with great joy, and proceeds at once to Monck's Corner

— Thence Colonel Montgomery marches to the Congarees, when joined by the militia proceeds to the Cherokee country and intlicts summary vengeance — By orders compelled to return to Charlestown — Retreat causes abandonment of Fort Loudon — Garrison taken, some massacred, rest carried into captivity — Romantic incident of Captain Stuart's preservation by AttakuUakulla and his escape — Lieutenant Colonel Bull appeals to General Amherst for assistance, who sends Lieutenant Colonel Grant with Highland Regiment and two companies of Light Infantry

— Lieutenant Colonel Bull raises a Carolina regiment under Colonel Thomas Middleton — Officers of regiment, many of whom afterward distinguished in the Revolution — Colonel Grant advances into the interior, attacks, defeats, and pursues the Indians — AttakuUakulla sues for peace — Is sent to Lieutenant Governor Bull, who receives him, smokes pipe of peace, and makes treaty — Duel between Colonel Grant and Colonel Middleton — Thomas Boone appointed Governor — Arrives in colony — Enters upon administration under most auspicious circumstances, but soon becomes involved in controversy with Commons over Election Law and Christopher Gadsden's election — Controversy ends in complete rupture with House — Peace restored by Treaty of Paris — Large additions to population — Palatines under Stumpel — Huguenots under Gibert — Governor Boone leaves province — Lieutenant Governor Bull resumes administration, and harmony is restored — Board of Trade in England blames both parties to controversy — Men subsequently prominent in Revolution begin to appear — Sketch of Christopher Gadsen. 345-375.

Chapter XX 1765-1775

Prosperous condition of province — Increase of population — Board of Trade and Plantations prohibit duties on negroes imported — Their disproportionate increase — Decisions of English courts in regard to slavery

— Celebrated "Somerset" or "Negro Case" — Chief Justice Holt's famous saying in regard to slavery discussed — Crude system of cultivation of rice, and of rice mills — Exports of rice and indigo — Value of trade of South Carolina to England — DeBrahm's report — Josiah Quincy's journal — Description of Charlestown. 376-308.

Chapter XXI

1765-1775 Merchandise and trade foundation of first fortunes in South Carolina

— Few Landgraves or Caciques retained their baronies — Lands change

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owners, and purchased by money earned in trade — Later merchants mostly Scotchmen — Sketclies of several early merchants — Merchants generally opposed to revolution — Their attitude considered. 399-412.

Chapter XXII 1765-1775

Physicians first professional men in colony — Physicians under Proprietary government — Physicians under Royal government — Carolina leads all the colonies in the study of natural sciences — George Smith, son of first Landgrave Smith, graduated in medicine in 1700 — "William Bull probably first native American to obtain a degree in medicine — John Moultrie next South Carolinian to do so — Study of medicine first begun in Charlestown in 1760 — Dr. Ramsay the first physician educated in America to practise in South Carolina — Sketch of him — The three diseases by which province principally afiflicted, — smallpox, yellow fever, and country fever — Some accounts of these diseases and their treatment

— Inoculation tried — Violent discussion thereon — Faculty of Physic organized in 1755. 413-433.

Chapter XXIII 1765-1775

Clergy in the province — Jurisdiction of the Bishop of London over Church and clei'gy confirmed — Rev. William Tredwell Bull commissary

— His account of condition of Church of England in province, 1723 — Mr. Woodmason's account, 1766 — Rev. Alexander Garden commissary — His visitations — Wesley in Charlestown — Attends visitation — Rev. Richard Clarke — Presbyterian Church established by Rev. Archibald Stobo — Independent or Congregationalist Church and its clergy — Separation of Presbyterians from Congregationalists — First Presbyterian Church in Charlestown, 1731 — Its clergy — Other Presbyterian and Congregationalist churches — Rev. Joseph Bugnion and Rev. Henry Chiffelle accept Episcopal ordination — Rev. John Martin Bolzius holds Lutheran service in Charlestown, 1734 — Rev. John George Friederichs organizes first Lutheran congregation in 1759 — Rev. John Ulrich Giessendanner pastor of Swiss and Germans in Orangeburg, 1737 — Rev. John Giessendanner accepts Episcopal ordination — Rev. Jean Louis Gibert brings out colony of French Protestants, 1764 — Estimated ratio of various denominations — Many of clergy of Church of England come out as tutors and teachers — Their general good character — Tiiey support the Revolution — So do the Presbyterian clergy — The Rev. Mr. Hutson's conversion — Interesting

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meeting of Rev. William Richardson and Rev. Archibald Simpson — Other Presbyterian and Baptist clergymen — Leaders of Revolution mostly from Church of England. 484-458.

Chapter XXIV 1765-1775

Bench and Bar in province — Absence of lawyers until 1698 — Names of those who appear under Proprietary government — Rise of influence of the Bar under Royal government — Organization of courts — Lay Judges — Dual sets of officers under Proprietary and Royal provisional governments — Robert Wright appointed Chief Justice by Proprietors — Accepted by Royal government — He succeeded by Benjamin Whitaker

— He by James Grseme — Episode of Charles Pinckney's appointment, and his supersedure by Peter Leigh — He succeeded by James Michie — Infamous character of Chief Justice Shinner — William Wragg, layman, appointed Chief Justice — Refuses commission — His high conduct — Thomas Knox Gordon last Chief Justice under Royal government — William Henry Drayton's letter upon subject of lay Judges — Judges in Admiralty — Controversy between Sir Egerton Leigh and Henry Laurens

— Curious entry in journal of the Court of Chancery, December 17, 1722 — Names of practising attorneys at that time, — Andrew Rutledge, Charles Pinckney, Peter Manigault — Number of South Carolinians admitted to Inns of Court in London — Expenses attending same — Effect of the return of these young men imbued with Whig doctrines learned there — Position of Bar in regard to Revolution — List of attorneys, 1775. 459-481.

Chapter XXV 1765-1775

Attention to education under Proprietary government — Sir Francis Nicholson's liberality and encouragement of learning — Act of 1722 — Liberal bequests in support of education — Aid given by social societies, others formed for the support of education — Advertisements in the Gazettes of schools, of masters, and of tutors — Lectures upon scientific subjects — Experiments in electricity — Educational system necessai'ily different from that of the common schools of New England — Young men sent to England for their education — Proficiency in classics — Disadvantages of European education — Lieutenant Governor Bull's scheme for a university in South Carolina — Northern institutions obtain large pecuniary aid from this province — Presbyterian clergymen as teachers in upper country — The Mount Zion Society — St. David's Society — Catholic Society — Newspapers — Libraries. 482-512.

CONTENTS xxi

Chapter XXVI 1765-1775

Prosperity and happiness of province under Royal governmenL — Fondness of Carolinians for British manners — A Carolinian household, — butler, coachman, patroon — A plantation a community in itself — Field sports — Introduction of horses — Carolina saddle horses — Deer hunting — Horse-racing — Malaria forces collection of planters in summer — Amusements — Concerts — Theatrical performances — First theatre — American comedians — Their performances — Social societies and clubs — Fire insurance — Court set — Convivial parties — Diaries — Intercourse with London — Royal appointments closed to natives — Development of society in Charlestowu. 513-540.

Chapter XXVII 1765

Controversy over Stamp act begiin — Its character considered — Navigation lavFs the real cause of trouble — Their operation in the Northern colonies — Southern colonies not so much affected by them — Different opinions in England and in America as to Stamp act — A great constitutional question. 541-559.

Chapter XXVIII

First American Congress — South Carolina Assembly resolves to send delegates — Commons question authenticity of copy of Stamp act — Resolutions adopted — Thomas Lynch, Christopher Gadsden, and John Rutledge deputies to Congress — Proceedings of people of Charlestown on arrival of stamps — Henry Laurens's position in regard to act — His illtreatment by mob — Stamp officers compelled to declare their refusal to act — Chief Justice Shinner adjourns court for want of stamps — Assistant Judges open court and proceed with business — Clerk refuses to issue process without stamps — Commons request his removal, which Lieutenant Governor Bull refuses to make — Deputies to Congress return — Their conduct at the Congress — Gadsden's position — Resolutions adopted by Commons — Fall of Grenville's ministry — Debate in Parliament on Stamp act — Barre's alleged speech — Division of opinion upon subject — Repeal of Stamp act — Passage of Declaratory act. 560-585.

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Chapter XXIX 1766-1767

News of repeal of Stamp act received in Charlestown — Statue of Pitt ordered by Commons — Wragg moves to substitute name George III — King's birthday celebrated — Lord Charles Greville Montagu, Governor, arrives — Rejoicing thereon — William Johnson and the Liberty Tree — Gadsden addresses meeting of mechanics against Declaratory act — Meeting pledges resistance thereto — People generally satisfied — Question of quartering of troops — Action of Boston and New York in regard thereto — Regulators begin to give trouble in upper country — The Governor's unfortunate action in regard thereto. 586-595.

Chapter XXX

Circular letter with resolutions from Massachusetts in regard to taxation without representation — Its reception in Virginia — Letter of Peyton Randolph, Speaker of House of Burgesses of Virginia — Character of these letters — Instructions by Earl of Hillsborough, Secretary of the colonies, thereon, requiring Massachusetts to rescind resolutions — Seizure of Hancock's sloop Libertij, and riot induced thereby — Massachusetts refuses to rescind — South Carolina supports Massachusetts — Mr. Manigault, Speaker of Commons of South Carolina, replies to Speaker Gushing, of Massachusetts, and to Speaker Randolph, of Virginia — Correspondence with Mr. Garth, agent, upon same — Mechanics nominate candidates for Commons, but are defeated — Popular demonstrations in support of Anti- Rescinders of Massachusetts and of Wilkes — Assembly prorogued to await return of Governor from the North — Assembly meets — Chooses Peter Manigault Speaker — The Governor's speech in reference to Massachusetts — Commons reply to same — Adopted by twenty-six members — Governor prorogues Assembly — Speaker Manigault sends copies of proceedings to Massachusetts and Virginia. 590-612.

Chapter XXXI

New election held — The twenty -six reelected — Mechanics have an entertainment — Masons also — Toasts of the day — Assembly prorogued — When allowed to sit reelect Peter Manigault Speaker — Governor's

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speech — Answer of Commons — Quartering of troops — Opposition of Commons thereto — Governor sails for England — Administration devolves for third time on Lieutenant Governor Bull — Commons refuse to quarter troops — Bedford's threat that principal agitators be sent to England for trial — Commons adopt a Bill of Rights — Assembly prorogued — Troops embarked — William Wragg appointed to Council. 613-622.

Chapter XXXII 1767-1770

Effect of the immigration of the Scotch-Irish — Their social order — Disbandment of European armies in America upon Peace of Paris introduces a disturbing element which gives rise to Regulators — Efforts of Assembly to provide courts for up country frustrated by Cumberland, Provost Marshal of province and Clerk of Board of Trade in England — History of office of Provost Marshal, and negotiations of colony for purchase of its patent — Colony agrees to pay Cumberland £5000 — Refuses to pay other patentees — The tenure of judges another difficulty in way of establishment of courts — Kirkland's memorial to Assembly — He heads party which rescues prisoner from Provost Marshal's deputy — Excitement thereon — Alarm in the parishes — Memorial of inhabitants on Congaree — Governor commissions Scofield to put down disturbance — Trouble ensues — Quieted by Richardson, Thompson, and McGirt — Memorial of Bell, Calhoun, and others for establishment of parishes in up country — Joseph Kershaw's report thereon — Circuit act finally allowed in England — Cumberland paid, and office of Provost Marshal abolished. 623-643.

Chapter XXXIII 1769-1770

Non-importation scheme adopted in New York and Massachusetts — Meetings of mechanics and merchants propose forms of agTeement of non-importation to be adopted in Charlestown — Opposition thereto — Discussion in the Gazettes thereon — General meeting of the people under the Liberty Tree — Forms of agreement adopted — General committee of planters, merchants, and mechanics formed — John Neufville general chairman — Protest by William Henry Drayton and William Wragg — Sketch of William Henry Drayton — His controversy with Christopher Gadsden — Lists of non-subscribers published — Mr. Wragg's and Mr. Drayton's protests — Inquisitorial course of committee begun — McDonnell's case. 644-658.

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Chapter XXXIV 1769-1770

Patrick Calhoun and Charles Cotesworth Pinckney appear in Assembly — Drayton memorializes Assembly against non-importation proceedings — Petition rejected — House passes an order for £10,500 currency to be remitted to Great Britain for assisting in support of constitutional rights — Mr. Drayton over signature of " Freeman " in the Gazelle assails the order — Money really intended for John Wilkes and sent for his benefit — Lieutenant Governor Bull's report thereon to Lord Hillsborough — Mr. Drayton sails for England — Contemptuous announcement of his departure — Another meeting held under Liberty Tree — Mr. Alexander Gillon's case — Mr. Gillon is required to store his wine — Subscribers prohibited from dealing with masters of vessels and transient persons — Committee instructed to advertise non-subscribers — Wilkes's release from imprisonment celebrated — Another meeting under the Liberty Tree — Several cases of violation of agreement presented, considered, and passed upon — Anathemas of contempt and abhorrence pronounced against non-subscribers and violators — Threats of tar and feathers — Case of the Sally George — £300,000 sterling estimated lost to Great Britain by non-importation of slaves under agreement — Cases of Ann and Benjamin Mathews and of William Glen and Son — Mrs. Mathews gets a hearing in Well's Gazette — Another meeting under the Liberty Tree called to consider the conduct of Rhode Island and Georgia — Commercial intercourse with those colonies prohibited — Meeting resolved to resist Lord North's proposed bill to remove all duties but those on tea — Committee's action denouncing Mrs. Mathews sustained. 659-676.

Chapter XXXV 1770-1773

Arrival and dedication of statue of Pitt — Celebration thereon — Rule of the non-importers nears its end — Another meeting held under the Liberty Tree — Benjamin Mathews succumbs and sues for pardon — News of the abandonment of the agreement by other colonies — A last meeting under the Liberty Tree — Motion to break through prevails — Resolutions adopted — Committee appointed to protest against conduct of other colonies — Lieutenant Governor Bull's report to Lord Hillsborough — Controversy between Council and Commons over the remittance to England for Wilkes — Lieutenant Governor Bull prorogues the Assembly from time to time — "Additional Instruction" in regard to appropriation of money — Resolution of Commons thereon — No tax bill passed after August, 1770. 677-692.

CONTENTS XXV

Chapter XXXVI 1770-1773

Lord Charles Greville Montagu returns and resumes government — Is welcomed, but returns in ill humor — Dissatisfied with lodgings in Charlestown, takes up residence on James's Island — Castle proposed to be built there — Commons passes order on liublic Treasurers, which Ti-easurers refuse and are arrested — Governor dissolves Assembly — Another elected, composed of same representatives — Again dissolved — Governor calls another to be held at Beaufort, against advice of Lieutenant Governor Bull — Full House promptly appears at Beaufort — Governor delays to approve Speaker or to open Assembly — His speech in doing so — Prorogues Assembly to meet at Charlestown — Assembly meets there — Speaker Manigault retires — Rawlins Lowndes elected — Approved by Governor — Governor's foolish quarrel with Speaker Lowndes over custody of journal — Assembly again dissolved — Another election held, same members reelected — Lord Charles Greville Montagu's administration ends — He sails for England. 693-707.