History of the World's fair; being a complete and authentic description of the Columbian exposition from its inception

Front matter

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HISTORY

Chapter I. How Chicago Securkd The Celebration

How and when the Columbian Exposition was conceived — The idea of a celebration of the four hundredth anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Columbus originated with T. W. Zaremba — His first desire was to have it in Mexico — How this indefatigable gentleman pursued the object of his thought — How Chicago took hold of the enterprise — Other metropolitan cities take a hand — Splendid work of leading Chicago men in Washington — Persistency of all parties interested — The real contest between Chicago and New York — Chicago successful — Congress votes in its favor — Preliminary action — Subscription of stock — Board of Directors and other officers elected — Lyman J. Gage the first president of the Chicago directory — Congressional provisions for commissioners — Raising of money — Appointment of commissioners — Zareba's active life — Appointment of Hon. Thomas B. Bryan commissioner-at-large — Mr. Bryan's splendid work in Europe — A gentleman and a scholar — Few men living with such rare attainments . 21

Commissioner- At-Large Thos. B. Bryan's opinion of the lasting benefits of the Fair - 29

Chapter II. 0^

THE PILLARS OF THE EXPOSITION.

**) 'The men to whose charge the construction of the great work has been intrusted from its conception — Officials X of the directory — Standing committees — Council of Administration and Board of Control — Forty-f ve big, \ earnest men of Chicago , . . : . . . . . . - 31

PART II. The National Commission

CHAPTER I.

FIRST MEETING OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION.

Vjjhi -A.ppointment of commissioners by President Harrison — First meeting convened by Secretary Blaine— Hon. A. ^ T. Ewing, of Illinois, calls the commission to order in the parlor of the Grand Pacific hotel in Chicago —

^ Rev. John Barrows makes a prayer — ^John T. Harris, of Virginia, temporary chairman — Thomas W. Palmer,

JS of Michigan, unanimously selected as permanent president — John T. Dickinson, of Texas, made permanent

•^' secretary in the same way— Sketches of the lives of these two gentlemen — Selection of vice-presidents —

Adjournment 39

CHAPTER II.

N MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL COMMISSION.

Complete roster of the men who speak for the Nation and the states and territories they represent, and the V places of their residence— Complete list of officers— Members of the National Executive Committee and . j^ Board of Reference and Control 47

Chapter III

, GEORGK R. DAVIS ELECTED DIRECTOR-GENERAL. PAGE.

Some of the remarks made upon the occasion — Davis has a majority on the first ballot — His address to the commission— Interesting sketch of the life and service of Colonel Davis — A brave soldier, a man of honor and a renowned party leader — He is endowed with splendid qualities of mind and heart— The standing committees — Creation of the great departments — The commissioners wrestle with the Sunday opening question and finally vote for open Sunday gates 53

CHAPTER I. A WONDERFtTL METAMORPHOSIS

Jackson Park in 1891 — An uninviting strip of sand, swamp and scrub oaks — No redeeming feature except area and location — The most magnificent transformation scene ever presented to mankind — Twenty-five millions of dollars expended on buildings and improvements — Director of Works Daniel H. Burnham and his engineers, architects, sculptors, painters and landscape designers, transform a spot of swamp and sand into a white city of palaces and collonades — Terraces, towers, turrets and statuary on every hand — Plantations of massive foliage and flowering plants— Beautiful fountains and picturesque water ways — Artificial canals that put to blush shore of the bride of the sea — Burnham and his staff 63

Chapter II. Early Preparation Of Flowers

John Thorpe sent to the front — The erection of greenhouses and other floricultural structures — Loans of palms and ferns by wealthy owners of conservatories in Philadelphia and New York — .Millions of plants under way — A mountain of palms and ferns — A winter exhibition — Magnificent tribute paid the great florist by the brilliant John McGovern — Press and people filled with admiration and praise — A flowery article from "UncleJohn" 69

Chapter III. Department Of Publicity And Promotion

The object of its organization — A unique and highly advantageous system of free advertising — How the world has been informed of all the details of the commencement, progress and completion of the gigantic work — A perfect system of distribution of information of daily happenings conceived and matchlessly executed — Quarter of a million documents mailed in a single week — Thirty thousand electrotypes of buildings sent out — Ninety thousand lithographs judiciously given away — More than a hundred thousand dollars worth of postage stamps used — Stupendous advantages derived therefrom^Graphic sketch of the distinguished department commander 73

Chapter IV. Department Of Foreign Affairs

The selection of Hon. Walter Feam as chief— A difficult task at first — Mr. Feam's own conceptions of the duties imposed upon him — None doubted that the gallant diplomatist was equal to the task — His brilliant achievements are reflected in every portion of Jackson Park — Sketch of Walter Feam — Soldier, scholar, traveler, and gentleman — One of the most elegant and fascinating Americans at home and abroad . . 77

CONTENTS.

Chapter V

THE PRESS AND THE COI.UMBIAN GUARD. P^

Splendid service of the Columbian guard — Cursed, reviled and knocked down and otherwise abused, they faithfully perform their multiform duties of fireman and police — They extinguish 284 fires and save Machinery Building from total destruction — The thanks of the Exposition are due to Colonel Edmund Rice and the Columbian guard — Also to John Bonfield and his secret service police — The Fair indebted to the Chicago press more than to all other things combined ....,"

Chapter I. Arrivai, Of Distinguished People

Vice-President Morton acts for President Harrison— General Schofield and his staff, the Cabinet Ministers, Justices of the vSupreme Court, and many foreign ambassadors come to Chicago — The city filled with soldiers, Senators and Congressmen — Nearly all the Governors of the States and Territories arrive accompanied by their military staffs — Texas sends thirteen handsome young women as representatives of the original thirteen states — Bishop Fowler and Cardinal Gibbons received by other church dignitaries — Grand dedication ball at the Auditorium — Brilliant appearance of State street — Hotels and boulevards jammed with strangers — Gorgeous uniforms everywhere . . " ■ . . -83

Chapter II. Great Parade Op Tradesmen

Eighty thousand men in line — More than one hundred bands of music — Half a million persons witness the grandest civic parade ever seen in any country — Vice-President Morton reviews the moving masses— Great gatherings of distinguished people — Men of peace resplendent in habiliments of war — Flashing uniforms and eloquent medals of honor — All professions and all trades represented — Fifteen hundred American banners borne proudly by naturalized citizens of all nations — Generals Miles and Schofield consider the parade a wonderful success — Masses of school children attired in the National colors portray a beautiful design — Great deference paid to the representative of the Nation 87

Chapter III. Grand Military Procession And Review

The 2ist of October, 1892, a day long to be remetabered— Grand review at Washington Park in the presence of two hundred thousand people— The Marine Band of Washington and the Mexican Band of the City o^ Mexico make music — Thirty-eight other bands and fifteen thousand soldiers in the procession — Vice-Pres ident Morton, Director-General Davis, Presidents Palmer and Higinbotham, Ex- President Hayes, the Justices of the United States Supreme Court, General Schofield and staff and governors of thirty-one states it. carriages — Carriages also contained Henry Watterson, Chauncey M. Depew, Cardinal Gibbons, Bishop Fowler, National Commissioners, Lady Managers, Foreign Commissioners, Director, Chiefs of Departments, members of City Council and others — Tremendous enthusiasm all along the line from Washington Park to the Manufactures Building — AH the governors and all the soldier boys cheered — Flower, Russell, Boies and McKinley vociferously saluted— The jolly author of Peck's Bad Boy an especial favorite . . 91

Chapter IV. Commencement Of The Exercises

One hundred thousand people in attendance — Grand orchestra of two hundred pieces and a chorus of five thousand voices under Theodore Thomas — Bishop Fowler's prayer and the opening address of the Director- General — Hempstead Washburne's brilliant remarks — Reading and singing the Dedicatory Ode . . 95

Chapter V

DEDICATION OP THE BUII,DINGS. PAGE.

President Higinbotliain bestows the commemoratory medals — The President of the Commission receives the buildings from the President of the Exposition and the latter presents them to the Vice-President of the United States for dedication — Mr. Morton dedicates them to the World's Progress in Art, Science, Agriculture and Manufactures — " God Save the United States of America " ....... lor

• CHAPTER VI.

MRS. POTTER PALMER'S BRII,LIANT ADDRESS.

The liberation of women — They now have time to think, to be educated, to plan and puasue careers of their own choosing — The application of machinery to the performance of many heretofore laborious occupations of women relieves them of much oppression — Public sentiment will yet favor woman's industrial equality and just compensation for services rendered — She now drinks deeply of the long-denied fountain of knowledge — Is the world ready to give her industrial aud intellectual independence, and to open all doors before her . iir

Chapter VII. The Dedicatory Oration

Magnificent effort of Henry Watterson —Grand and patriotic throughout— The earnest Kentuckian touches brilliantly upon many of the salient points from 1492 to the present day —From the hillside of Santa Rabida to the present hour of celebration — No geography in American manhood — No sections to American fraternity — The rise of the young republic — The drum taps of the Revolution — The tramp of the minute men — . The curse of slavery gone— The mirage of separation vanished — A great and undivided country . . 115

Chapter VIII

THE GLOWING TRIBUTE OP CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW.

An oration so brilliant as to hold every listener spell-bound — Columbus, the discoverer, Washington, the founder, lyincoln, the savior — God always has in training some commanding genius for the control of great crises in the affairs of nations and people — Neither realism nor romance furnishes a more striking and picturesque picture than that of Christopher Columbus- ''"he magician of the compass belonged to that high order of "cranks " who confidently walk where "aiigels fear to tread "^Continents are his monuments—Prayer by Cardinal Gibbons and benediction by Rev. H. C. McCosh, of Philadelphia— Grand display of fireworks closed the dedication festivities 125

Chapter I. The Great Review On The Hudson River

Rendezvous of war vessels of many nations at Fortress Monroe— The Caravels and the Infanta Isabella — The fleet at Sandy Hook— Review on the Hudson River — The most spectacular and impressive marine event of any age— A million of people present — Mrs. Cleveland on the Dolphin — Description of the Caravels— The strength of the United States Navy never shown to better advantage— The British cruisers represented the best attainments in marine construction — How France and Germany engaged in friendly salutations — Vessels from the Baltic, the Mediterranean and South American waters

Chapter II

ARRIVAL OP MR. CLEVELAND AND THE DUKE OF VERAGUA.

The President of the United States and the Duke of Veragua come to Chicago to be present at the opening of the Exposition— They are met at the depot by distinguished people and escorted to their hotels by military

PAGE.

—Great turnouts all along the line — How Mr. Cleveland spent Sunday in Chicago — He attends church in the morning and christens a grandchild of Secretary Greshani in the afternoon — The Duke attends mass and receives calls 147

Chapter III. % Another Distinguished Arrival

Independence Bell — Its progress from Philadelphia to Chicago— It receives an ovation all the v/ay— Cannons and speeches by day and bonfires and red lights by night — The venerable relic seen by great crowds of people — It shares the honorable welcome paid to President Cleveland and the Duke of Veragua upon its arrival in Chicago — Received by military and music and escorted to Jackson Park by a procession two miles long — George Lippard's vivid picture of the revolutionary tones whose echoes have never died away— Its sounds still listened to by the American people 151

Chapter IV. The Formal Opening Of The Exposition

Nearly a quarter of a million people present— President Cleveland presses the magic electric button at noon, May I, 1893, and the monster AUis Engine in Machinery Hall is set in motion amidst the booming of cannon, the blowing of trumpets, the ringing of bells, the unfurling of flags and the vociferations of the multitude — The white palaces abloom and ablaze with color — ^Twenty thousand flags are unfurled— Half a hundred foreiJjn emblems cheered by the people who live under them — The orchestra play the national hymn and thousands of patriotic men and women join in the chorus — The spectacle is seen from the Administration Building— President Cleveland's address 155

Chapter I. The Woman's Building And Its Purposes

New methods of usefulness created — The "Woman's Building an additional agency for the exposition of woman's work — This conception concerning woman's skill and inventiveness cleared away — Women the originators of most of the industrial arts — The Woman's Building an inspiration of woman's genius — Some of the exhibits — Mrs. Palmer's curious office room — The fish women of New Jersey . '. . . 163

Chapter II

. THE WOMEN WHO CONTROL.

Generally known as the Board of Lady Managers of the World's Columbian Exposition — A large number of

prominent women among the members — Names and residences and official positions .... 167

Chapter III. Formal Opening Of The Woman's Building

Mrs. Potter Palmer's address — Driving of the last nail — A woman's hand drives the golden nail with a silver hammer — A beautiful structure, the completion of which signified an accomplishment of which the united womanhood of the world has had a part — Large number of distinguished women present — A grand march composed by a German woman, Frau Ingeborg von Bronsart of Weimar — Prayer by Miss Ida Hutton — Overture by Miss Frances Elliott, of London, England — Reading of a poem by Miss Flora Wilkinson — Remarks by Lady Aberdeen, the Duchess of Veragua, Mrs. Bedford Fenwick, Mrs. Kaselowsky and the Princess Schachofifsky 173 lo CONTENTS.

Chapter IV

OTHER FEATURES OE THE WOMAN'S BUILDING. PAGE.

[llustrated English hospital methods — Costumes of the nurses displa}'ed to advantage — Even the demonstration of intense suffering proves of great interest — Surgical instruments used by nurses — Opal glasses used for measuring medicines — Display of infants' hygienic clothing — Models of nurses — The dainty dietarj' section — Gowns and caps of the Sisters of St. Thomas — Egyptian and Arabian nurses in nursing and holidajattire — Miss Marsden's model Siberian leper village — What a Denver woman would do illustrated — Work of Navajoe Indian women — Work of East Indian women — Rare specimens of needlework — Mrs. Rogers' culinary lectures and examples in cooking ............. 187

CHAPTER V. THE CHII,DREN'S building

The prettiest playhouse and nursery ever constructed — Panels containing the ' ' Sleeping Beauty in the Wood ' ' — " Silverhair and the Bears " — Rosy cherubs and opalescent clouds — Sweet and wise sayings on the walls — " Come, let us with our children live " — What a Columbian guard found in the Manufactures Building — A little girl baby in the comer — Mrs. Oliphant Chant's plan for the children and the Children's Building . 193

Mrs. Chant's plea for the children and the Children's Building 197

The world and the World's Fair 199

Chapter I. The Administration Building

A marvel of exquisite architectural handiwork — Were it stone instead of imitation it would have no equal — Irresistible color scheme and effect — Beautiful blending of pale blue, terra cotta, bright yellow and pale cream — Unsurpassed decorative delineations — Matchless fusion of harmonious tints — Impressive ensemble of rotunda, colonnade, mezzanine and dome — Dedicatory tablets to Gutenberg, Copernicus, James Watts and Morse — The most beautifully lighted structure in the world . 203

Chapter II. The Mammoth Manufactures Building

The greatest exposition structure ever known — It covers nearly fort}' acres of ground and contains forty-four acres of exhibits, valued at fifty millions of dollars — Three million feet of lumber and five carloads of nails in the main floor — It is 1,687 feet long and 787 feet wide — Many of the foreign pavilions built after designs of famous palaces — Rare and costly wares, fabrics, watches, jewelrj-, musical and' mechanical instruments and professional implements amaze the beholder on every hand — The great central landmark an alabaster clock tower 135 feet high, erected by the American Clock Co.— A chime of nine bells — When they ring it sounds like the music of heaven reverberating through the immense space — Pantheon-like pavilion of the Meridian-Britannia Ware — Tiffany's costly structure — A dazzling aggregation of gems — Splendid display ot watches and jewelry — Elegant and spacious booth of the Waltham Watch Company — Stem-winders bj- the ton — Palaces and temples filled \vith laces, rich chinaware, porcelain, statuary, silverware, textile fabrics, etc. — Silver statue of Columbus at the Gorham pavilion — Dolls that talk and walk — Petrified wonders from Arizona — Dazzling displays by forty foreign countries — Reproduction of Hartfield House — Concentrated splendor of the Siam exhibit — Magnificent displays by all the leading European countries — Sketch of James Allison, Chief of Department of Manufactures 209

Chapter III. Department Of Liberal Arts

The most important educational feature of the Exposition — Wonderful and complete in ever}^ detail — Tremendous advantages to be derived from this matchless exhibition — Every state in the Union and nearly every country in the world represented — Splendid exhibits from Montreal and Quebec — An interesting display by the American Bible Society — The Lincoln manuscripts — The only letter that Jefferson Davis wrote to Abraham Lincoln — Tens of thousands of unique and charming features — Sketch of Professor Peabody — " Trip around the world " 239

CONTENTS. II

CHAPTER IV. DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOLOGY. page

Anthropology': "Man and His Works " — What may be seen at the Ethnological Building — The Mound Builders of Ohio — Splendid collection from Mexico, Costa Rica and New South Wales— Views of plans and models of prehistoric men — Prehistoric architectural monuments and habitations — Natural and artificial cave dwellings— Lacustrine dwellings — Sweat houses, totem posts, cliff dwellings and skin lodges — Implements of war and the chase — Furniture and clothing of aboriginal, uncivilized and partlj' civilized races — Objects of spiritual significance and veneration — Representation of dieties — Appliances of worship — Historic archteolog}' — Objects illustrating the progress of nations — Models and representations of ancient vessels — Clothing and adornment— Apparatus for making clothing and ornaments — Articles used in cooking and eating — Models and representation of ancient buildings — Cities and monuments of the historic period anterior to the discover}' 'of America — Objects illustrating generally the progress of the amelioration of the conditions of life and labor — The evolution of labor-saving machines and implements — Portraits, busts and statues of great inventors and others who have contributed largely to the progress of civilization and the well-being of man — Eulalia entertained bj' the Ouackahl Indians — Sketch of Professor Putnam . . 255

Chapter V. Agricultural Building

The great resort of farmers — A beautiful structure — The spirit of agriculture grandl}' personified — Blandishments of fi.eld and farm — Bewildering avenues of extremely unique and ornamental pavilions — All the industries picturesquely shown — Nineteen acres of exhibits — Novel exhibit of the Association of American Experimental Stations and Agricultiual Colleges — All the essential products derived from agriculture are attractivel}' shown in the galleries — Grasses and grains varied in colors and beautifully blended — The exhibit of Ontario — The monster cheese weighs eleven tons — It is the largest ever made — Little cheeses that only weigh one thousand pounds each — Elaborate state exhibits — Burdett-Coutts' stable exhibits — Many things from foreign lands — Mowers, harvesters, thrashers and plows by the acre — Sketch of Chief Buchanan — Live stock exhibit — Dog shows and carrier pigeon flights — Bovine blue bloods 265

Chapter VI. Among The Trees Op The World

Big trees and little trees from all over the world — The Forestry Building one of the most unique and interesting of all — Nature versus staff — Magnificent specimens of characteristic timber growths — Paragua}' alone sends 321 varieties — California sends redwoods and sequoias — Medicinal trees, lichens and mosses — Methods of seed testing, transplanting and measuring — The protection of young trees against insects — Logging and lumbering — A saw mill in operation — A most entertaining and instructive exhibit throughout . . . 281

Chapter VII. Horticultural Building

The grandest and completest structure ever erected for a horticultural exhibit — It contains 89,000 square feet of space more than the combined areas of the buildings used for a similar purpose at Paris, the Centennial and New Orleans — Sketch of J. M. Samuels, Chief of the Department of Horticulture .... 291

Chapter VIII

IN THE REALM OF RARE FLOWERS AND PLANTS. / ramble among rare and aristocratic plants — More than half a million dollars' worth from Greenland's icy mountain to India's coral strand — North and South America, Mexico, Cuba, Europe, Central America, China, Japan, Australia, and the Hawaiian and South Sea Islands represented — Enchantresses from the Amazon and the Nile — Modest inhabitants from the Alps, the Appenines, the Sierra Nevada, and the . Mountains of the Moon — Wonderful ferns and palms from New South Wales and the Cape of Good Hope — Tens of thousands of miscellaneous herbaceous flowers and flowering shrubs — More than a half-million orchids, roses, carnations, lilies, pansies, cannas, fuschias and petunias — Magnificent exhibits by Australia, Canada, Trinidad, New York, Pennsylvania, Germany, Belgium, Mexico and Japan — Australian tree ferns six hundred years old — Staghorn and bird's nest ferns of wonderful size and beaut}- — Splendid collections of the cereus gigantea — Great display of rhododendrons — Splendid collections of fenis and palms from Toronto conservatories — Dwarf trees in the Japanese garden over a hundred years old — Pitcher & Manda's wonderfiil display of seven thousand costly plants — Enormous bamboos from Trinidad — Two century plants in bloom — The atmosphere of the Horticultural Building freighted -with aromatic sweets . . 293

CONTENTS.

Chapter IX

THE FRENCH FLORICULTURAt EXHIBIT. PAGE.

Many new and rare flowering and foliage plants — The finest azaleas and rhododendrons ever seen in America — M. Jules Lemoine, principal gardener of the city of Paris, introduces many lovely and bewitching members of the realm of Flora and encircles the Woman's Building in bloom — He also enlivens other stretches of sward .................... 303

Chapter X. A Ramble Among Fruits And Wines

Other exhibits in the Horticultural Building — Side by side with the celebrated and world-renowned vintages of Europe are shown the products of American vineyards — Unique features of some of the foreign displays — Missouri, Ohio, New York and California are well represented — Fruits from nearly every state in the Union — Enormous apples, pears, peaches, plums, cherries and prunes from Idaho, Colorado, Oregon and "Washington — Unsurpassed displays of thirty kinds of fruits by California's great citrus fruit exhibit by the state — Towers and pagodas of oranges and lemons from southern California attract great attention — Manj- fine displays of preserved, dried, canned and crystalized fruits and raisins from southern California — Big displa}- of seeds by Peter Henderson, of New York — Great arraj' of garden implements, tents, greenhouses, lawn mowers, fences, statuary, etc. ................ 307

Chapter XI. Palace Of Mechanic Arts

A remarkably beautiful structure — It is 850x500 feet, and cost |i, 200,000 — The AUis engine the largest in the world — An aggregated 24,000 horse power — 17,000 horse power required to provide electricity — Two dynamos each with a capacity of 10,000 lights — Ten engines averaging 2,000 horse power each — A fly wheel thirty feet in diameter — An engine whose combination of iron and steel weighs 225 tons — Its wheel and shaft alone weigh loo tons — Machinerj^ of every description in operation — Manufacturing devices and machine tools by thotisands — A highly interesting description of all the engines and boilers — How many things are manufactured right before one's eyes — Grier's ingrain lumber machine — An interesting relic — A striking contrast — Sketch of Chief Robinson 313

Chapter XII. Transportation Building

Wonders in the way of railway trains — An object lesson for railroad operatives — The mahogany train of the Canadian Pacific Railway — The most costly and magnificent in the world — Its engine can haul ten full passenger cars sixty miles an hour— A tremendous engine from the London & Northwestern Railwaj^, of England, and a handsome train — This locomotive can haul thirty of its coaches, each containing six passengers, seventy-five miles an hour — Its average time, including stops, fifty-three miles an hour— Stevenson's Rocket on exhibit — Also the Albion and Sampson, built in 1838 — Also the two first engines run over the Old Colony road, in the thirties — Another old-timer, hiiilt in England in 1831, and last in service in Mississippi in 1890 — It puffed and whistled sixty years, and once fell overboard and staid under water from 1868 until 1870 — More than fifty locomotives on exhibition, representing the Baldwin and other works — Three from England, three from Germany and four from. France — The Baldwin has an engine that has made a mile in 39)4^ seconds, or 92 miles an hour — AH of the Baldwin locomotives are jacked up so that their engines may be seen in motion — Nicaragua canal relief map — Graphic illustration of that enterprise — Not more than fioo,ooo,ooo required to construct it — -Excavation already in progress on the Atlantic end — Great exhibit of bicycles — Pneumatics of all sizes, degrees and conditions— The old-time bicycle practically unexhibited — Safeties all the go — Pennsylvania and New York Central exhibit — Coaches, buggies and baby carriages— Sledges, carretas and volantes— Marine architecture — Sedans, palenquius and cateches — The Transportation Building and the Department Chief . . . ■ 329

Chapter XIII

MINES AND MINING BUILDING. PAGE.

The Department of Mines excels all former exhibits of its kind— Included in this display is every kind of material from the rough state to the finished product — Artistic and instructive grouping — Striking exhibit from New South Wales — Michigan makes a fine display of copper in various shapes — Missouri sliows zinc, lead, iron and other minerals — Canada contributes nickel, silver and gold— Montana's pavilion a centre of attraction — The silver statue of Ada Rehan — Colorado makes a magnificent ar.d dazzling display — California shows gold, silver, copper, tin, borax, quicksilver, and many other minerals — Its marble and on}rx exhibit challenges general admiration — Ponderous mining machinery in operation — Miniature mining plants, with devices for boring, lighting, hoisting and pulverizing — Methods of separating ores — Old .style rockers and Long Toms — All the new implements — Magnificent exhibits of coal and iron by Ohio and Pennsylvania — The wonderful German exhibit — The finest ever made before in any countr;/ — Sketch of ChiefSkiff ' . . .345

Chapter XIV. Department Of Electricity And Its Buieding

Wonders of electricity — The building devoted to this science — Undreamed of revelations and efiects — Franklin and his kite — The man who first harnessed lightning — Temple of the "Western Electric Company — The grandeur and brilliancy of the exhibit — Thousands of concealed incandescents — Mingling of rainbow tones — Prismatic colors that awe the [spectator — An electric theatre — Cascades of fantastic lights — Magnificent exhibit of Thomas A. Edison, the Wizard of Menlo Park — Startling and beautiful effects — Obelisks of light and color — Spirals of radiance and fountains of incandescents — Corinthian columns ablaze with imitation sunbeams — Five thousand witching lamps glitter in pillars of glass — Eighteen thousand lights in the Edison tower — Chief Barrett 355

Chapter XV. Fish And Fisheries Buii^ding

One of the greatest of all the resorts — Magnificent display of many kinds of fresh and salt water fish — Minnows and alligators under the same roof — Some of the best known denizens of the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and the Gulf of Mexico are in the swim — Speckled trout from New England rivers and Dolly Vardens from the streams of California — Carp and suckers move lazily about — Perch, pike and pickerel in the same tank — Bass, flounders and salmon turn up their aristocratic smellers — Gold fish and other gaudy species splash merrily around— The sturgeon and showbill are spaciously quartered — Sketch of

Chief Collins • • 365

Chapter XVI. The Paeace Of Fine Arts

magnificent building throughout — Paintings and statuary from all parts of the woild — Private collection of paintings from many homes — Pictures of every phase of life and nature — Animal and portrait' paintings from all lands — Plundreds of beautiful marine and landscape sketches — Allegory and mythology from imperial galleries — Schnidler's " Market Scene in Cairo " — Canon's " Hunting Master " — The American Loan Association — ^Joe Jefi'erson, " The Mauve " — Hovendin's "Breaking Home Ties" — The Emperor Francis Joseph's loan — England surprises with her beautiful paintings, and France maintains her fame as

an art center — Sketch of Chief Ives 379

Chapter XVII. The Government Building

Marvelous collection of exhibits made by " LTncle Sam " — Three thousand models- from the patent ofiice — Progress of American invention elaboratel}^ presented — The Smithsonian display alone a wonderful educator — Bird and beast mounted amid the same surroundings as in life — Each specime'n so labeled that no observer can make a mistake — A first-class postoifice in operation — Dead letter curiosities — Tarantulas, horned toads. Human skulls, axes, dolls, molasses candy, stuffed owls, alligators, ostrich eggs, and thousands of other things that never reached their destination — War Department novelties — Great guns and little ones — Cannons and torpedoes — Historic documents from the Department of Justice — Documents connected with the Dred Scott Decision — Great exhibit by the Agricultural Department — Horticulture, pomology and forestry — Special Alaskan exhibit — Quaint, curious and interesting objects of ethnological research — Peculiarities of many birds and beasts 397