Heroes of discovery in South Africa

Preface

I^JITK the aid of the many recently published and important works on Africa, such as Keltie's " Partition of Africa/' Silva White's rt Development of Africa," and the narratives of the explorers themselves, the two volumes on African Exploration have been thoroughly revised and brought up to date. In Heroes of Discovery in South Africa are dealt with those travellers who started from points to the south of the Equator ; whilst the companion volume, Heroes of Discovery in North Africa, records the adventures of those who began their expeditions to the north of that boundary line.

The last chapter has been added by another writer.

January 1899,

Contents

PAGE

Chapter I.— Introductory

Discovery of the Cape of Good Hope by Diaz — Yasco da Gama — Almeida and Albuerquerque — Early Explorations on the East Coast — First Colonisation of the Cape — Sufferings of the Natives — Humane Policy of the English — Kaffraria and its Annexation — Basuto Land and Moshesh — Natal Annexed to the Cape Colony — Griqua Land — The Orange Free State and Transvaal Republics, 11

Chapter II. Early Explorers From The South

Vaillant, Sparrmann, and Barrow — Paterson's Trips to Namaqua Land and Kaffraria — Lichtenstein's Visit to the Bechuana Tribe — Murder of Cowan and Denovan — Campbell's Visits to Lattaku and to Namaqua Land — Campbell's Second Journey and Arrival at King Kossie's Capital — Burchell's abortive attempt to cross Africa — Moffat's immediate Predecessors, 27

CHAPTER III. moffat's work in namaqua land and among the bechuanas. Journey from Cape Town to Pella, and Sufferings by the Way — Arrival at Africaner's Kraal — Previous Life and Conversion of Africaner — House-building in Namaqua Land — Trip to the North — Alarm of Lions — Old Woman left to die — Return to Africaner's Kraal — Trip to Griqua Land — Africaner's Journey to Cape Town — Moffat on the Kuruman — Early Troubles — War Scenes — Trip to the Unknown North — Mosilikatse's Ambassadors — Journey to Matabele Land — Retirement, . . . , . . .47

CHAPTER IV. Livingstone's early discoveries

Arrival at Cape Town — Preliminary Work in Bechuana Land — Settlement at Mabotsa — Troubles with Lions — Marriage and Arrival at Sochuaue — Chief Sechele — Drought and Removal to Kolobeng —First Trip to the Kalihari Desert and Return to Kolobeng —

Contents.

Second Trip, and Discovery of Lake N'gami — Visit to Sebituane and the Death of that Chief — Return to England of Mrs. Livingstone and her Children — Journey from Cape Town to Linyanti — The Makololo and their chief Sekeletu — Journey from Linyanti to St. Paul de Loanda by way of the Barotse Valley, Balonda Land, the Leeba, and the Congo Valley — Return to Linyanti — Discovery of the Victoria Falls of the Zambesi — Journey through the Batonga Country — Danger at M'bende's Kraal — Narrow Escape — Arrival at Tete — Voyage down the Zambesi — Arrival at Quilimane — Voyage to Mauritius and Suicide of Sekwebu — Return to England, 81

Chapter V. Galton And Andersson In South-west Africa

Arrival in "Walflsch Bay — The Hill-Damaras — Horrors of Raid on Damara Land — Ascent of Erongo — Across Damara Land — Meeting with Ovampos — Compelled to turn back — Through Ovampo — Ondonga and King Nangoro — Back to Walfisch Bay — To Lake N'gaini from the West — Green and Chapman — Discovery of the Okavango River — Anderson "Wounded — His Last Journey, Discovery of the Cunene River, and Death, 125

Chapter VI

BURTON, SPEKE, GRANT, AND VON DER DECKEN, AND THE DIS- COVERY OF LAKES TANGANYIKA AND ALBERT N'YANZA. Krapf and Rebmann's Discovery of Kilimanjaro and Kenia — Arrival of Burton and Speke at Zanzibar — Preliminary Excursions — Start for the West — Over the Mountains to Ujiji — Reception at Tura Nullah — The Land of the Moon and its People — Serious Illness of both Explorers — At the Lake at last — Speke's Blindness — Voyage up the Coast of Tanganyika — Difficulties at Ujiji — Trip to the North of the Lake — Disappointment and Return to Ujiji — Back again in the Land of the Moon — Speke's Journey in search of a Second Lake — Interview with a Female Ruler — Discovery of the Victoria N'yanza — Return Home — Arrival of Speke and Grant at Cape Town — Voyage to Zanzibar — Across Country to Uzinga — Entry of Karagwe — Cordial Reception and Pleasant Stay there — Grant's Illness and Detention — Speke in Uganda — Discovery of a Source of the Nile — Kamrasi and Ungoro — Return Home by way of Gondokoro — Von der Decken's Ascent of Kilimanjaro — Murder of Von der Decken in Galla Land — Recent Discoveries of Snow-capped Volcanoes, 141

Chapter VII. Livingstone's Second Journey, And The Work Of Karl Mauch

Arrival at the Mouth of the Zambesi — The Ma-Robert — War between the Half-castes and the Portuguese — At Sena with Senhor Ferrao — Livingstone's old Makololo Servants — Their Sufferings in his

Contents,

Absence — Excursion to Kebrabasa — First Visit to Manganja Land — Chief Chibisa — On Foot to Lake Shirwa — Bad Behaviour of the Ma-Kobert — Up the Shire again, and Discovery of Lake Nyassa — Back to Tete, and down to the Kongone with the Ma-Kobert — ■ Journey to Makololo Land — Rescue of Baldwin at the Victoria Falls — News of Sekeletu's Leprosy, and the Misery of his People — Arrival at Sesheke — Interview with Sekeletu— His Lady-Doctor superseded by Kirk and Livingstone — A Month at Sesheke — News of the Sufferings of Missionaries — Over the Rapids, and Narrow Escapes — On Foot to Tete — The Last of the Ma-Robert — Arrival of Pioneer and of Bishop Mackenzie — Trip up the Rovuma — Return to the Shire, and up that River with the Mission Party — Horrors of Slave-trade, and Rescue of Slaves — A Struggle with Ajawa — Farewell to Bishop Mackenzie — Fugitives in the Papyrus on a Lake — Arrival of Mrs. Livingstone and other Ladies — Sad Death of Bishop Mackenzie — Death of Mrs. Livingstone — The Lady Nyassa — Her Launch — Her Trip up the Shire — Sudden Recall of Expedition — Return to Mouth of the Zambesi — Home via Mozambique, Zanzibar, and Bombay — Mauch and his Discovery of Gold Fields and Mines near Sofala — Mohr and Baines, . ,183

Chapter. VIII. Western Equatorial Africa And Its Explorers

Magyar's Marriage with an African Princess, and J ourneys in Congo, &c. — Du Chaillu's Arrival in the Gaboon — The Mpongwes — Ascent of the River — A Chase — Start for the Cannibal Country — The Sierra de Cristal Range — First Meeting with Gorillas — Fan Warriors — A Gorilla Hunt — Horrors of Cannibalism amongst the Fans — Compelled to turn back — Down the Coast to the Fernand Vaz — A young Gorilla — Up the Rembo — Encounters with Gorillas — Terrible Executions at Goumbi — Entry of Ashira Land — King Olenda — Apingi Land and its Chief — A Black Man offered to Du Chaillu for Supper — Du Chaillu made King of Apingi Land — Fever, and Return to the Coast — Second Journey to Ashira Land — Mouth of the Cammi — Another Gorilla Captured — The Junction of the Niembai and Ovenga — Olenda again — Trip to the Falls of the Ngouyai — Long Delay at Olenda's Village — Small-pox and Famine — Death of Quengueza — Start for the East — Entry of Otando Land — Terror of the Natives — On the Borders of Ishogo — A Dwarf Tribe — Quarrel with Natives — Narrow Escape, and Flight to the Coast — Return to Europe— Du Chaillu's Discoveries confirmed by Monteiro, Bastian, and Burton, 231

CHAPTER IX. Livingstone's last journey and death

New Expedition resolved on — Arrival at Zanzibar — Across Country to the Nyassa — Desertion of Sepoys — Arrival on the Shores of the Lake — No Canoes — Round the South of the Lake by Land — Rumours of Murder of Arabs — Desertion of Johanna Men — Report

Contents.

of Livingstone's Death — Search Expedition under Young — Westwards — The Mazitu — To the North for Tanganyika — Further Desertions and Loss of Medicine Chest — Fever — Arrival at Tanganyika — - Lake Moero on the West — Attempt to reach it frustrated — Chance of returning home declined — Off for Lake Moero at last — Arrival on its Shores exhausted — Down the Lake to Cazembe's — Kumours of another Lake on the South — Start for the South with Mohammed Mograbin — Horrors of the Slave-trade — Guides for the Lake at last — Discovery of Lake Bangweolo — To the Island of Mbalala — Mutiny of Crew — Compelled to turn back — War and Rumours of War— Flight to the North with the Arabs — Back to Tanganyika, and awful Sufferings by the Way — Across the Lake to Ujiji — Back again to the Western Shores — Start for Manyuema with Arab Slave-traders — Delay at Bambarre — Arbitrary Proceedings of the Arabs — A Trip to the North — Desertion of all the Men but five — Return to Bambarre, and long Delay there with Bad Feet — The Disease of Heart-brokenness — Arrival of Men from the Coast, and Fresh Start for the Lualaba — Arrival at Nyangwe — Awful Massacre of Native Women — Livingstone determines to return — An Ambush and Narrow Escape — Cannibalism — Arrival at Ujiji in an Exhausted State — Stores, &c, Stolen — Despair — Opportune Arrival of Stanley — Stanley's Journey from Zanzibar — Trip with Stanley to the North of Tanganyika — To Unyanyembe with Stanley — Parting with Stanley — Return alone to Unyanyembe — Long and Dreary Waiting there — Arrival of Stanley's Men — Start for the South-West — Round the Southern Extremity of Tanganyika — Across Country to Bangweolo — Terrible Sufferings amongst the Sponges and Marshes — Across the Chambeze or Lualaba at last — Serious Illness — Livingstone is carried on the Shoulders of his Men — Rapidly-increasing Weakness — A Litter is made — The Last Service — The last few miles of march — Arrival at Chitambo's — Erection of Hut — Last Words — Death — Susi and Chumah chosen Captains — Preservation of Livingstone's Body — The Burial Service read — The Corpse Packed for Travelling — The Return March to the North-East — Meeting with Cameron at Unyanyembe — To the Coast with Dr. Dillon and Lieutenant Murphy — Suicide of Dillon — Arrival at Bagamoyo — Embarkation of Corpse for England — Funeral in Westminster Abbey, , .273

CHAPTER X. Cameron's journey across Africa

Cameron appointed to the Command of the Livingstone Relief Expedition — Arrival at Zanzibar — To Bagamoyo — Fracas with an Arab — Robert Moffat — To Mkombenga — Dillon's Illness — Arrival of Murphy and News of Moffat's Death — Across Ugogo and Mgunda M'kali to Unyanyembe— Long Delay and Serious Illness — News of Livingstone's Death — Arrival of Livingstone's Body— Dillon and Murphy start with it for the Coast — Dillon's Suicide — Cameron resolves to go west alone — From Unyanyembe to Ujiji — Cruise on Lake Tanganyika— Discovery of the Lukuga, the Outlet

Contents.

of Tanganyika — Back again to Ujiji — From Ujiji to Manyuema — The Lualaba at last — Up the River to Nyangwe — No Canoes to be had — Disappointment and Resolution to go with Tippu-Tib — News of Lake Sankorra — To Tippu-Tib's Camp on the Lomani — Conflicts with Natives and Fever — At Kasono's — Hopes of going thence to Lake Sankorra disappointed — Trip to Lake Molonga — An Ambush — Cameron's Goat Stolen — Fight with Natives — Escape to another Village and Entrenchment there — Peace — Off again for Lake Mohyra — Arrival on its Shores — Floating Tillages and Huts — Back to Kilemba — Decides to go to Benguela with Alvez — Trip to Lake Kassali — Return to Kilemba — Start for the West at last — Horrors by the way — Arrival in Portuguese Districts in Absolute Destitution — Sale of Shirts and Great-coat for Food — Kamgumba's Gift of a Goat — Arrival at Alvez Settlement and Journey thence to Benguela — The Sea at last — Welcome from M. Cauchoix — Serious Illness at Katombela — Voyage to St. Paul de Loanda — Reception there— Embarkation for England, . . 342

CHAPTER XL Stanley's journey from sea to sea.

Stanley's Arrival in Zanzibar and Preliminary Trip up the Rufiji — The Start for the Interior— From Ugogo to Urimi— The Medical Stores broken open — Death of Edward Pocock — Launch of the Lady Alice on the Victoria N'yanza — Visit to King Mtesa ot Uganda — Death of Barker— From Usukuma to Lake Albert — At the Lukuga Creek — Across Manyuema to Nyangwe — Desertion of Arab Escort — Down the Lualaba — Stopped by Rapids — Death of Frank Pocock— Across the Mountains to Boma — The Future of African Exploration, • . . • . . . . 377

Chapter XII. Work Done Since 1876

The International African Association — Meeting of the Berlin Conference — Foundation of Congo State — Expeditions of Grenfell, Wolf, and others — Discovery of Kasai-Sankuru System — Life-Story of Congo — Serpa Pinto — Discoveries in Zambesia — African Lakes Company — Work of Thomson, Holub, and others — Emin Pasha — Journey of Stanley to his relief — Sufferings of Rear Column — Journey to Zanzibar — Summary of Work done .... 387