Brazing and soldering

Front matter

013 972 565 7

BRAZING AND SOLDERING

BY JAMES F. HOBART

II 65 Jo

Cuprous Oxide

Soldering.

GERMAN-SILVER SOLDERS

German silver is a very hard alloy, containing nickel, and requires a solder of somewhat similar nature.

German-silver solders possess considerable strength, and are often used for soldering steel. The color is very similar to that of steel.

Hard German-silver solders contain a large proportion of nickel and are very strong. They require a very high heat for melting, and usually cannot be fused without the aid of a bellows or blast.

In preparing German-silver solders, the copper is melted first, and then the zinc and nickel added simultaneously.

HARD GERMAN-SILVER SOLDERS (also Called

steel solders)

No. I. — Copper, 35 parts; zinc, 56.5 parts; nickel, 9.5 parts.

No. 2. — Copper, 38 parts; zinc, 50 parts; nickel, 12 parts.

SOFT GERMAN-SILVER SOLDERS

No. 3. — Copper, 4.5 parts; zinc, 7 parts; nickel, 1 part.

No. 4. — Copper, 35 parts; zinc, 56.5 parts; nickel, 8.5 parts.

In soldering German-silver articles the solder is usually applied in the form of a powder or in very small pieces. The solder may be powdered in a mortar if taken from the fire at the right temperature, when it is brittle. This operation is a somewhat difficult one, and ^0 the usual and perhaps the best plan is to cast it ir 4 49

Soldering.

the form of a bar or cylinder, and then place the latter in a turning-lathe and adjust the tool so that fine shavings are cut off. The shavings are then heated until they become brittle, at which stage they are easily pulverized in a mortar.

SILVER SOLDERS

Silver solders are not, as might be inferred from the name, employed only for the purpose of joining silver; but because of their great strength and resistance are used for many other metals. Like all other solders, they may be divided into the two groups, "hard" and "soft."

SILVER SOLDERS FOR SOLDERING SILVERWARE

Hard Soft

No. i No. 4

Copper, i part; Silver, 2 parts;

Silver, 4 parts. Brass, 1 part.

No. 2 No. 5

Copper, 1 part; Silver, 3 parts;

Silver, 20 parts; Copper, 2 parts;

Brass, 9 parts. Zinc, 1 part.

No. 3 No. 6

Copper, 2 parts; Silver, 10 parts;

Silver, 28 parts; Brass, 10 parts;

Brass, 10 parts. Tin, 1 part.

SILVER SOLDERS FOR IRON, CAST IRON, STEEL, AND COPPER

No. 1. — Silver, 10 parts; copper, 10 parts. No. 2. — Silver, 20 parts; copper, 30 parts; zinc, 10 parts.

Soldering.

Silver solders are usually employed in the shape of wire, narrow strips, or filings.

FLUXES

No one flux can be assigned to any one metal as being peculiarly adapted or fitted to that metal for all purposes. The nature of the solder used often determines the flux.

Directions have already been given for preparing chloride of zinc for soft soldering.

A good flux for hard soldering may be made by heating three parts of ordinary crystal borax and one part of boracic acid together over a gentle fire until the whole melts together into a clear, thick sirup.

The flux is used in this condition and is not dried. It will remain a long time without drying and is easily applied to the surface to be soldered, to which it firmly adheres. This flux also possesses the further advantages of being easily removed after soldering and not swelling when heated.

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