The complete dog book

Foreword

The Bench Show standards and scales of points presented in this book are those laid down by the Specialty Clubs in America and Great Britain, and are used in judging the most important shows in this and other countries. They will be found an admirable guide for the uninitiated and will enable the expert judge and fancier to refresh his mind in regard to the mandates of the fancy, whenever he may feel the necessity of so doing. Changes occur in these standards from time to time, and it is the intention of the publisher to incorporate them in successive annual editions, corrected and revised up to the latest expressions of the arious Clubs.

The second part of this book has been devoted to the breeding and management of dogs in health and their care and treatment in disease. The aim here has been to present in simple language highly important technical knowledge which will enable an amateur to establish a kennel of dogs and conduct it successfully. It is an interesting and profitable occupation, for there is always a demand for well-bred puppies of all breeds.

W. A. B.

English Bloodhounds.

Page

The Origin of the Dog _ _ - - 9

The Mastiff - - - - - - 12

The St. Bernard ----- 16

The Newfoundland ----- 24

The Great Dane ----- 29

Coursing Hounds: The Scottish Deerhound - - - -33

The Irish Wolfhound _ - - - 37

The Russian Wolfhound - - - - 42

The Greyhound _ _ _ - - 45

The Whippet ------ 49

The Bloodhound - - - - - 51

The Otterhound ----- 55

The Foxhound ------ 57

The Harrier ------ 61

The Beagle - -63

The Basset Hound ----- 66

The Dachshund ------ 70

The Old English Sheep Dog - - - 73

The Collie, Rough-coated - - - 77

The Collie, Smooth-coated - - - - 82

The German Shepherd Dog _ - - 83

The Shetland Collie ----- 94

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Page

The Pointer . - - - -

The English Setter - - - -

The Irish Setter - - - - -

The Gordon Setter _ - - -

The Griffon - - - - -

The Chesapeake Bay Dog - - -

The Irish Water Spaniel -

The Flat-coated Retriever -

The Curly-coated Retriever -

The Labrador - - - - -

The Spaniel Family - - -

The English Springer _ - -

The Field Spaniel _ - - -

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The Cocker Spaniel _ _ -

The Clumber Spaniel _ - - -

The Sussex Spaniel _ - - -

The Welch Springer - - - -

The Old English Broken-Haired -

The Black and Tan or Manchester -

The Fox Terrier, Smooth _ - -

The Fox Terrier, Rough - - -

The Airedale _ _ - - -

The Bedlington _ _ - -

The Scottish _ _ - - -

TheSkye -----

Page

The Clydesdale - - - - - -i8i

The Dandie Dinmont - - - - 184

The West Highland White - - - - 191

The Irish Terrier - - - - - 196

The Welsh Terrier ----- 201

The Sealyham _ - _ - - 203

The White English ----- 206

The Bulldog __---_ 208

The Bull Terrier and Miniature - - 218

The Boston __---- 223

The French Bulldog _ _ _ - 228

The Dalmatian ------ 232

The French Poodle ----- 236

The King Charles Spaniel - - - - 242

The Prince Charles Spaniel _ - - 242

The Blenheim Spaniel ----- 242

The Ruby Spaniel ----- 242

The Japanese Spaniel ----- 248

The Yorkshire Terrier - - - - 251

The Italian Greyhound - - _ _ 255

The Pomeranian ----- 257

The Schipperke ------ 262

The Pekingese ----- 265

The Brussels Griffon ----- 268

The Toy Poodle ----- 270

The Maltese - - - - - - 271

Foreign Dogs: Page

The Eskimo and Samoyede - - - - 277

The Russian Sheep Dog - - - - 279

The Norwegian Elkhound - - - - 279

The Dobermann Pinscher _ _ _ 280

ThePapillon ------ 282

The Chihuahua ------ 283

Care, Diet, Nursing - _ - - 286

Intestinal Parasites ----- 292

Skin Diseases ------ 297

Stomach and Bowels _ - - - 302

Eye, Ear, and Throat ----- 308

Nervous Diseases - - - - - 315

Sleeping Quarters - - - - - -319

Fleas and Lice - - - - - - 327

Heredity and Evolution - - - - 330

Page

Correlation __--__ 33^

Pre-natal Impressions _ _ _ _ j^^

Whelping Table _____ 33*7

The Brood Bitch ______ 338

Nursing and Weaning _ _ _ _ 340

Effects of Training _ _ _ _ _ 34;;

Training Age _--___ 345

Rewards and Punishments _ _ _ 346

Training Methods - - _ _ _ _ 348

House Breaking _____ 3^0

Minding the W'histle - - - - - 351

List of Illustrations

Page Terriers --_-__ Frontispiece

English Mastiff -------- i6

Dane, St. Bernard, Newfoundland - - - 24

Greyhound, Russian Wolf Hound, Whippet - 40

American Wolfhound, English Greyhound - 48

English Bloodhounds ______ ^5

American Beagle, American Bred Foxhounds 72

Old English Sheep Dogs, Collies - - - - 80

American Bred Collie, Police Dog - _ _ 88

American Bred English Setter and Puppies - 104

Irish Setter, English Setter, Pointer - - 112

Irish Water Spaniels, Chesapeake Bay Dog - 128

Cocker Spaniel, Wealdstone Field Spaniels 136 .

Clumber Spaniel, Cocker Spaniel - - - 152

Cairn Terrier, Sealyham Terrier, Old English Sheep Dog, Wire-haired Fox Terrier, Welsh Terrier _-____--_ 168

Airedale, Airedale Puppies ----- 176

Irish Terrier, Scottish Terrier, West Highland White Terrier, Wire-haired Fox Terrier, Skye Terriers, Welsh Terrier - - - 184

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Page

French Bull, Chow Chow, French Poodle, Dalmatian --------- 216

English Toy Spaniel, Blenheim Spaniel, The Pomeranian, Yorkshire Terrier, The Schip- PEKE ---------- 240

Japanese Spaniel, Japanese Spaniel's Puppies, Pekingese, Brussels Griffon - - - - 264

English Pugs -------- 272

THE ORIGIN OF THE DOG

Although the exact origin of the dog is shrouded in that old and familiar refuge of the scientists, "the mists of antiquity," their family history is easily traced back through the bronze age and the stone age to the geological drift that first evidenced the use of fire, which is ordinarily accepted as indicating the advent of man upon the earth. Further than this science sayeth not. Statues and carvings exist which show there were dogs in the most ancient times resembling in important particulars the breeds of the present, but it has never been decided whether these dogs or those of to-day were descended from some dog-like ancestor or were relatives of the fox, the jackal, or the wolf. On this subject it may be said that there is a resemblance in appearance between some breeds of dogs and foxes. They are unlike, however, in character and habits, for the fox is not a social animal and does not hunt in packs, and foxes also have a peculiar odor that dogs have not. It may also be stated that despite the many cases referred to of crosses between foxes and dogs, there is not on record a duly authentic case of such a cross ever having occurred.

What has been said about the lack of relationship between dogs and foxes does not hold good in reference to wolves and jackals, for the latter so closely resemble many breeds of dogs in general appearance, structure, habits, instincts, and mental qualities that they may be regarded as of one stock. It is impossible to formulate a definition that will include all the varieties of the domestic dog that exclude all of the wild species. In addition to their marked similarity in size, appearance, and anatomical structure, both wolves and jackals can be and frequently are trained, while domesticated dogs frequently become wild, consorting and interbreeding with the former, assuming their habits and changing their characteristics back to a wolflike hound. The wolf and jackal when trained wag their tails, lick their masters' hands, crouch or throw themselves on their back in submission, come when called, jump about when caressed, and in high spirits run around in circles or in figure eights, their plaintive howl changing to a businesslike bark.

There are so many breeds of dogs so unlike in size and appearance that it is difficult to reconcile their being derived from a common ancestry. The marked disparity in size, however, between the tiny toy Spaniel and the St. Bernard is no greater than the disparity between the Percheron horse and the Shetland pony, the Patagonian and the pigmy.

In the origin of species Darwin reports several interesting experiments, one being the breeding together promiscuously of a large number of fancy pigeons of totally different sizes, varieties, and types. The result was one uniform type, the common wild wood pigeon. In the face of these experiments it is probable that the breeding together of

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THE ORIGIN OF THE DOG

several varieties of horses would revert back to one uniform type, the wild horse, and the mating of all the different varieties of dogs would result in an animal in all respects similar to the wild dogs which are to be found in different parts of the world, particularly in Africa.

There is conclusive evidence to prove that the people who lived in the monolithic age, in both the Eastern and Western hemispheres, possessed dogs, living with them on the same terms of intimacy as exist to-day, and later the Chaldeans, the Assyrians, the Greeks, and the Romans owned dogs that were the progenitors of those of the present time.

In fact, the prehistoric drifts, the ashes of fires and mould in caves reveaHng man's first presence on the globe also reveal the presence of the dog. The history of the dog is the history of man, their origin is coexistent, their lives have been lived together, and the extinction of the human race would hkely be punctuated by the extinction of the dog.

In the last half century great care has been given to the breeding of dogs. Thanks to dog shows and their rigid rules of registration demanded by the Kennel Club, the various canine types have been brought to a high state of perfection and kept uncompromisingly distinct. The elimination of the nondescript cur is steadily progressing, and the meeting on the streets of dogs that do not bear resemblance to some recognized breed is becoming more and more uncommon, for within the last two years even the amateur dog owner is alive to the importance of keeping breeds distinct.