"Stonewall Jackson," a thesaurus of anecdotes of and incidents in the life of Lieut.-General Thomas Jonathan Jackson, C. S. A.

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Preface

What a mail says and what a man does are the indices of his worth, cliaracter and accomplishments. Hence, biography is the most interesting and instructive of literary work. It informs us of men — the highest type of creation on earth and the companions of our daily life — the custodians, in an exalted degree, of our happiness, and the friends or foes, as our intercourse makes them, of our progress, our success and our liberties.

These anecdotes of, and incidents in the life of. General Thomas Jonathan Jackson, of the Confederate States Army, present the reflex of his life. He is the vital force in them, and his real character is displayed by them in the strongest and yet the simplest language possible. They are living words. They show him acting in the moving drama of life. They are what he was.

Numbers of these anecdotes and incidents about him have never before seen the light of print. They were gathered by the author from the lips of men who belonged to the invincible band of that immortal Corps that he in life commanded — ^he Stonewall Brigade.

Thomas Jonathan Jackson was a product of the American people. His fadeless renown is the legacy of all America. The family quarrel is over. It has strengthened the bonds of Union. All martial deeds and prowess exhibited in that mighty contest, belong to every patriotic citizen. The presers-ation of the wonderful annals of Stonewall Jackson's brilliant achievements is a sacred duty to the South, the Union and to all mankind.

It is the hope of the author of this volume that the facts and incidents in the splendid life and lustrous career of Thomas Jonathan Jackson, related in this book, may prompt the youth who read them to emulate the glowing virtues and to imitate the noble example of the Christian warrior of whom they are written.

EIJHU S. RILEY.

Annapolis. Md. May 17, 1920.

"STONEWALL JACKSON"

Chapter One. Stonewall Jackson's Maxims Of Military Strategy

Description of Jackson's Maxims of Military Strategy, by Gen. John M. Imboden, C. S. A. — Statement of Jackson's View of War by Dr. Hunter McGuire — Jackson's Knowledge of the Operations of the Enemy— Jackson Made Himself the Master of the Topography of the Country in Which He Was Operating — Jackson's Tactics — Account of in Lecture by One of His Staff, Capt. James Power Smith.

Stonewall Jackson's Maxims of Military Strategy.— "Jackson's military operations were always unexpected and mysterious. In my personal intercourse with him in the early part of the war, before he had become famous, he often said there were two things never to be lost sight of by a military commander — 'x\lways mystify, mislead, and surprise the enemy, if possible; and, when you strike and overcome him. never let up in the pursuit so long as your men have strength to follow ; for an army routed, if hotly pursued, becomes panic-stricken, and can thus be destroyed by half their number. The other rule is, never fight against heavy odds, if, by any possible manoeuvring, you can hurl your own force on only a part, and that the weakest part, of your enemy and crush it. Such tactics will win every time, and a small army may. thus destroy a large one in detail, and repeated victory will make it invincilile.' His celerity of movement was a simple matter. He never broke down his men by too-long-contiiuied marching. He rested his whole column very often, but only for a few minutes at a time. I remember that he liked to see the men lie down flat on the ground to rest, and would say, 'A man rests all over when he lies down'." — General John M. Imboden, in Battles and Leaders of the Civil War, \o\. 2. pp. 297-8.

8 A THESAURUS OF ANECDOIES'OF AND INCIDENTS IN

"His (Jackson's) view of war and its necessities was of the sternest. 'War means fighting; to fight is the duty of a soldier; march swiftly, strike the foe with all your strength and take away from him everything you can. Injure him in every possible way, and do it quickly'." Jackson's words as recorded by his Surgeon-General, Dr. Hunter McGuire.

Jackson's Knowledge of the Operations of the Enemy. — "Jackson's knowledge of what the enemy were doing or about to do was sometimes very wonderful. I have already stated what he said to President Davis at the first Manassas, 'Give me twenty thousand fresh troops tomorrow, and I'll capture Washington', and it turned out afterward that he was right and that with the number he asked he could easily have captured Washington." — Dr. Hunter McGuire.

Jackson Made Himself the Master of the Topography of the Country in Which He was Operating. — "He (Jackson) kept the most minute knowledge of the topography of the country in which he was campaigning, and the roads over which he might move, and often when his men were asleep in their bivouac, he was riding to and fro inspecting the country and the roads. * * *

"But when he began to ask me which side of certain creeks were the highest, and whether there was not a 'blind road,' turning off at this point or that, and showed the most perfect familiarity with the country, and the roads, I had to interrupt him by saying : 'Excuse me, General. I thought I knew not only every road, but every footpath in that region, but I find that you really know more about them than I do, and I can give you no information that would be valuable to you'." — Chaplain J. Wm. Jones, C. S. A., South. Hist. Mag., Vol. 35, p. 91.

Jackson's Tactics. — "He mystified and deceived his enemy by concealment from his own generals and his own staff. We were led to believe things very far from his purpose. Major Hotchkiss, his topographical engineer, told me that the General would for hours study the map in one direction, and would at daylight move in the opposite direction." — James Poivcr Smith, a member of his staff, in a lecture.

It has been handed down orally that General Jackson also said, "You must do something that the other fellow thinks nobody but a fool would do."

THE LIFE OF STONEWAIJ, JACKSON', LIEUT.-GEN., C. S. A.

Chapter Two. Jackson's Appointment To West Point

A Village Blacksmith Opened the Way to Stonewall Jackson's Great Military Career — A Leading Lawyer in His Family Gave Jackson a Special Letter — Jackson Resolved to Go to Washington Immediately — The Secretary of War Gives Jackson the Appointment — Jackson Illy Prepared, But Passed the Examination — Jackson Stood Low in His Studies in the First Term — Studies Gunfire by the Light of the Grate — He Rose Steadily in His Class — None of the Classes Possessed More Than Jackson the Respect and Confidence of All — Jackson Was Surprised That He Passed the First Exam. — Jackson Had a Ready Word in Answer, and Presented a Fine Soldiery Appearance — Graduated in 1846, at the Age of 22.

Jackson's Appointment to West Point. — It was the village blacksmith who opened the way to Stonewall Jackson's great military career. A youth, from the same Congressional district in which Jackson lived, had resigned from West Point because he found the demands of its curriculum too severe for him. It was the talk of the neighborhood. One day while shoeing the horse of young Jackson's uncle, the thoughtful smithy said to him: '"Now here is a good chance for Tom Jackson, as he is so anxious to get an education." Plis Uncle Cummins was pleased at the suggestion, and, on reaching home, informed Thomas of the opportunity to obtain an appointment to West Point. Thomas received the pro])osition with enth.usiasm, and immediately commenced to secure the open cadetship. Legion were the friends of this manly and independent young man, and all were ready to aid him. They joined in a letter to the Hon. Samuel Hays, the member of the House of Representatives from the district, petitioning him to have Thomas appointed.

A leading lawyer, connected with his own family, Thomas asked to give him a special letter. This friend, for he proved his friendship in the end. asked him "if he did not fear that his education was not sufficient to enable him to enter and sustain himself at Wegt Point?" Jackson's countenance momentarily fell ; but quickly recovering himself, he answered: 'T know that I shall have the application necessary to succeed : I hope that I have the capacity ; at least, I am determined to try, and I want you to help me." His friend gave him a strong

10 A THESAURUS OF \NECDOTES QF AND INCIDENTS IN

letter of endorsement, in which he particularly dwelt upon the applicant's boldness of spirit and determination.

Mr. Hays promised to do all that he could to secure the appointment for him, on which Jackson resolved to go to Washington immediately. Packing his wardrobe into a pair of saddle-bags, Jackson started off to Clarksburg to meet the stage. Missing it. he pushed on until he came up with it. Arriving at Washington, Jackson went at once to Mr. Hays, who took him immediately to the Secretary of War. "The Secretary plied him with questions," and the parley was described as "gruff and heroic ; but, with the grit of Old Hickory, this young Jackson was neither to be bluffed nor driven from his purpose," and such a favorable impression did the ambitious young man make on the Secretary that he gave him the appointment, and added : "Sir, you have a good name. Go to West Point, and the first man who insults you, knock him down and have it charged to my account !"

Denying himself the invitation to be the guest of the secretary for a few days, Jackson gave himself the one pleasure of ascending the dome of the Capitol, and left with a letter of introduction from Mr. Hays to the Faculty of West Point, giving him a good character, and an endorsement of his brave spirit, and requesting that due allowance might be made for his defects of education. The examination was lenient and Thomas Jonathan Jackson became a cadet at West Point, in 1842.

Jackson was illy prepared theoretically to proceed with his studies ; but mentally, morally and physically he was well equipped for the arduous task before him. "We were," says an old classmate, "studying algebra, and maybe analytical geometry, that winter, and Jackson was very low in his class standing. All lights were put out at 'taps,' and just before the signal he would pile up his grate with anthracite coal, and, lying prone before it on the floor, would work away at his lessons by the glare of the fire, which scorched his very brain, till a late hour of the night." By determination he rose steadily in his class, and it was said of him by his fellow-cadets, "If we had to stay here another year, 'Old Jack' would be at the head of his class."

Jackson was surprised that he passed his first examination safely, for he had so fully anticipated failing that he had prepared his answer to the gibes of his associates at home : "If they had been there, and found it as hard as he did, thev would have failed, too." His name

THE LIFE OF STONEVV ALI, JACKSON, LIEIJT.-GEN., C. S. A. 11

was the last on the safe side when the pen was drawn between tlie successful and unsuccessful cadets of his class.

Jackson, in the last year of his cadetship, wore a moustache, and had as his chief friend Cadet Thompson, with whom he was constantly to be found.

The classmate above quoted said of Jackson : "T believe he went through the very trying ordeal of the four years at West Point without ever having a hard word or a bad feeling from cadet or professor ; and while there were many who seemed to surpass him in graces of intellect, in geniality and in good fellowship, there was no one of our class who more absolutely possessed the respect and confidence of all."

Jackson's sense of humor was touched later in life when he considered how much importance he then gave to the opinions and companions of his youth.

Jackson became erect under the discipline of West Point and presented a "fine, soldierly appearance."

He graduated frorn West Point June 30th. 1846, at the age of twenty-two years, and received the brevet rank of second lieutenant in the artillery.

Chapter Three. The Services Of Stonewall Jackson In The Mexican War

Jackson Applied for the Position of Second Lieutenant in Captain John Bankhead Magruder's Battery — Jackson Complimented by Captain Magruder in His Official Report in the Action of Cherubusco— In the Battle of Chapultepec, General Wirth Referred to Jackson as "The Gallant Jackson"— Of the First Number of Double Brevets Jackson Was Among the Number and Was Brevette<! Major — Jackson Elected Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy and Artillery Tactics in the Virginia Military Institute —Jackson Was Afraid the Fire of Battle Would Not be Hot Enough for Him to Distinguish Himself — Lieutenant Jackson's Zeal in Battle Makes Him Compromise the Truth — A Strange Intruder in Lieutenant Jackson's Room — Jackson Second in a Duel.

Jackson in the Mexican War. — When Lieutenant Jackson graduated from West Point, the Mexican War was in progress. He was ordered immediately to report for duty with the First Regiment of Artillery. On the 9th day of March, 1874, he saw the disembarcation of 13,500 American soldiers near \>ra Cruz. Their enthusiasm and the splendor of the military pageant impressed the young officer greatly. The city was taken in a few days. In the attack Captain John Bankhead Magruder. as commander of a battery of light field artillery, notably distinguished himself. Pie was a vef-y strict disciplinarian, and when the post of second lieutenant in his battery became vacant, few wanted to serve under him. Lieutenant Jackson applied for the position, for he saw its advantages, and was accepted. With such a daring officer, Jackson had the opportunity of displaying his gallantry. In the action of Cherubusco, Capt. Magruder lost his first lieutenant early in the fight, and Jackson was advanced to his place. In his official report. Captain Magruder stated: — "In a few moments. Lieutenant Jackson, commanding the second section of the battery, who had opened fire upon the enemy's works from a position on the right, hearing our fire still further in front, advanced in handsome style, and being assigned by me to the post so gallantly filled by Lieut. Johnstone, kept up the fire with great briskness and effect. His conduct was equally conspicuous during the whole day, and I cannot too highly commend

TITIC LIFE OF STONEWAIJ, JACKSON. IJEUT.-GEN., C. S. A. 13

him to the Major-General's favorable consideration." For his gallantry in this engagement, Lieut. Jackson received the brevet of captain.

Of Jackson in the assault on the Castle of Chapultepec, Captain Magruder said : — "I beg leave to call the attention of the major-general commanding to the conduct of Lieutenant Jackson of the First Artillery. If devotion, industry, talent and gallantry are the highest qualities of the soldier, then is he entitled to the distinction which their possession confers. I have been ably seconded in all operatio;is of the battery by him ; and upon this occasion, when circumstances placed him in command for a short time of an independent section, he proved himself eminently worthy of it." Oi Jackson in this battle, General Pillow reported: — "The advanced section of the battery, under the command of brave Lieutenant Jackson, was dreadfully cut up, and almost disabled — Captain Magruder's battery, one section of which was served with great gallantry by himself and the other by his brave lieutenant, Jackson, in face of a galling fire from the enemy's position, did invaluable service."

General \\^orth referred to him as "the gallant Jackson, who, although he had lost most of his horses and many of his men, continued chivalrously at his post, combatting with noble courage."

After the castle of Chapultepec had been captured by assault and the Mexicans were retreating, Jackson came up with two pieces of artillery and joined Lieutenant D. H. Hill and Bernard Bee. They pressed on rapidly. Captain Magruder now reached them and said that he feared losing Jackson's two guns, as the division of Gen. Worth was far behind ; but his enthusiastic young officer's pleadings allowed the artillerymen to continue to march. General Ampudia, with two thousand cavalrymen, made as if he would charge the Americans. The guns were unlimbered, and a heavy fire was opened upon the Mexicans, who immediately retreated. It was not prudent to proceed further without support. The work the Battery executed later in the day at the Garita of San Cosme became a part of the official reports. At the storming of Chapultepec Jackson received the brevet of ]\fajor. Of the first number of double brevets, five or six, Jackson was amongst the number, and there were no others distributed in his class.

The United States forces left Mexico in the summer of 1848 and ]\Iajor Jackson's command was stationed at Fort Hamilton, on Long Island.

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At the close of his two years of service at Fort Hamilton^ Mijor' Jackson was ordered to Fort Meade, near Tampa Bay, in Florida. Here he remained six months.

On March 27th, 1851, Major Jackson was elected Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy and Artillery Tactics in the Virginia Military Institute, at Lexington, Va.

This election came about in a very singular manner. There were both difficulty and differences in filling the vacancy that had occurred in this chair. Colonel F. H. Smith, the President of the Institute, and the Faculty were not in accord. x\fter several efforts to fill the seat, Colonel Smith asked his friend. Major Hill, to help him. Major Hill recalled that, during the Mexican War, Captain Taylor, of the Artillery, had said to him while making a call upon him : — "Here comes Lieutenant Jackson. He was constantly rising in his class at West Point, and if the course had been a year longer, he would have graduated at the head of his class. He will make his mark in this war." Major Hill proposed Jackson's name, and as it was agreeable to the President of the institute, Jackson was elected to the vacant Professorship.

Jackson resigned from the service, and so ended Major Jackson's career in the United States Army.

General Jackson's Zeal in Battle Makes Him Compromise the Truth. — It was at the battle of Chapultepec in Mexico, in 1847, when he commanded with bravery and brilliancy a battery of artillery, that Jackson made the only compromise with truth in his life. The fight was bitter and the odds in numbers against the x\mericans. At the moment when a cannon ball passed between Jackson's legs, he stepped out and assured his men, "there ivas no danger."

A Strange Intruder. — During the Mexican campaign. Lieut. Jackson was asked by some one to take care of a treasure. He rook it to his room and placed it under his bed. In the night he felt his bed rise up and the Lieutenant arose and looked under his bed : but could see no one. He went back to his couch. Then he felt it lifted up again. This time he took his sword and poked it under the bed. and still could discover no intruder. At that moment he had the mystery unravelled by hearing people in the street talking about an earthquake in progress.

Jackson was Afraid that the First Battle He Was in Would Not be Hot Enough for Him to Distinguish Himself in it. — General

THE LIFE OF STONEWAJ.L JACKSON, MEUT.-GEN., C. S. A. 15

Jackson was a man of intense temporal ambitions. When asked what were his feelings when first under fire in Mexico, he said : — 'Afraid the fire would not be hot enough for me to distinguish myself." and yet to the same one who had put this question, has warm friend, Dr. Hunter McGuire, he said, in talking one dreary winter night in the doctor's tent, that "he would not exchange one moment of his life hereafter, for all the earthly glory he could win."

Stonewall Jackson Second in a Duel. — "While serving in the Valley of Mexico, he (Jackson), acted as second in a duel between two officers of the new infantry regiments — the 10th I believe. General Birkett Fry told me the incident as follows :

"Lieutenant Lee, of Virginia, was the Adjutant of the Regiment,

who, feeling himself aggrieved by Captain , of Philadelphia,

sent him a challenge. The Captain was an avowed duelist, and an expert rifle shot, and accepted Lee's challange. They were to fight rifles at forty paces. Jackson and Fry were seconds to Lee. Jackson won the word, which he delivered, standing in the position of a soldier, in stentorian tones, audible over a forty-acre lot. The rifles cracked together, and Jackson, astounded that his man was still standing, said to Fry : 'What shall we do now ? They will demand another shot.' 'We will grant it with pistols at ten paces,' said Fry, and, as he said, the second of the Captain came forward and demanded another shot. 'We agree,' said Jackson, 'and we will fight with pistols at ten paces.' The Captain declined the terms. The men were never reconciled. The Captain died many years afterward, regretting that he had not killed hee.— General Davney H. Maury, in S. H. Mag., Vol. 25, pp. 312-3.

M

Chapter Four. The First Stages Of The Civil War With Stonewall Jackson

Jackson Would Only Engage in Military Services at the Approval of His Conscience — Jackson Calm Under the Rising Cloud of War — Jackson Studying Problems of War — Jackson a Debater — How General Jackson Met the Approaching Storm of War.

General Jackson Would Only Engage in Military Service With the Approval of His Conscience. — "\Mien General Jackson mentioned the project (that of securing a Professorship in the University of Virginia) to his friend Colonel Robert E. Lee, of ^■irginia, then Superintendent at West Point, Lee said to him : — "Have you not departed here from what you told me, upon coming to this military school, was the purpose of your life?" (He referred to Jackson's belief that war was his proper vocation.) Jackson, who seemed never to forget his own most casual remarks, or to overlook the obligation to maintain consistency with what he had once said, replied : — 'I avow that my views have changed.' He then proceeded to explain, while he should ever retain the same conviction concerning his own adaptation to the soldier's life, his convictions concerning war as a pathway to distinction were greatly modified, and that he would now by no means accept a commission in any war which the United States might wage, irrespective of its morality. He had never, he said, while an ungodly man, been inclined to tempt Providence by going in advance of his duty; he had never seen the day when he would have been likely to volunteer for a forlorn hope, although indifferent to the danger of a service to which he was legitimately ordered. F>ut now that he was endeavoring to live the life of faith, he would engage in no task in which he did not believe he should enjoy the Divine approbation ; because, with this, he should feel perfectly secure under the disposal of the DiA'ine Providence ; without it, he would have no right to be courageous. If, then, his country were assailed in such a way as to justify an appeal to defensive war in God's sight, he should desire to return to military life, but, unless this happened, he should continue a simple citizen. But as such he regarded it as every man's duty to seek the highest cultivation of his powers, and the widest sphere of activity within his reach; and,

THE LITE OF STONEWALL JACKSON, LIEUT.-GEN., C. S. A. 17

therefore, he desired to be transferred to the State University." — Dabncy's Life of Jockson. p. 69-70.

Jackson Calm Under the Rising Cloud of War. — "A Christian friend, in whose society he greatly deHghted, passed a night with him (just before the beginning of the Civil war), and, as they discussed the startling news which every day brought with it, they were impelled to the conclusion that the madness of the Federal Government had made a great and disastrous war inevitable. The guest retired to his bed, depressed with this thought, and, in the morning, arose harassed and melancholy, but, to his surprise, Jackson met him at the morning worship, as calm and cheerful as ever, and when he expressed his anxiety, replied, 'Why should the peace of a true Christian be disturbed by anything which man can do unto him? Has not God promised to make all things work together for good to those who love Him?"'—Dabney's Life. p. 210.

Studying Problems of War. — General Jackson, when it became apparent that there would be war between the .States, would sit for hours before a blank wall, and gaze at it intently. It is believed he was then mapping out problems of war, and was preparing for those campaigns that confused his foes and added immortal lustre to his name.

General Jackson a Debater. — "It was currently reported that just before the beginning of the struggle Major Jackson sat up all night in the hopeless endeavor to convert his father-in-law (Dr. Junkin), to the doctrine of States' rights." — Shepherd's Life of Roht. E. Lee, p. 69.

How General Jackson Met the Approaching Storm of War. — On

the eve of the Civil \\'ar. Major Jackson proposed that the Christian people of the land should agree to pray to a\ert hostilities, saying: — '"It seems to me, that if they would unite thus in prayer, war might be prevented and peace restored." To this his pastor })roniptly assented, and promised to do what he could to bring a])Out the concert of prayer that he proposed. In the meantime, he said. "Let us agree thus to pray.' And henceforward, when he was called on to lead the devotions of others one petition, ])romincntly presented and fervently pressed, was that God would preserve the whole land from the evils of war." — Dabney, Page 179-180.

"The bursting of the storm which Jackson had so long foreseen found him calm, but resolved."

Chapter Five. How Stonewall Jackson Marched Off To The Civil War

How Jackson Started Out With His Command at the Commencement of the Civil War. — "He (General Jackson), sent a message to his pastor, Dr. White, requesting him to come to the barracks and offer a prayer with the command before its departure. All the morning he was engaged at the Institute (The Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, \^a.), allowing himself only a short time to return to his home, about eleven o'clock, when he took a hurried breakfast, and completed a few necessary preparations for his journey. Then, in the privacy of our chamber, he took his Bible and read that beautiful chapter in Corinthians beginning with the sublime hope of the resurrection — 'For we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle be dissolved, we have a building of God, a house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens;' and then, kneeling down, he committed himself and her whom he loved to the protecting care of his Father in Heaven. Never was a prayer more fervent, tender and touching. His voice was so choked with emotion that he could scarcely utter the words, and one of his' most earnest petitions was that 'if consistent with His will, God would stTll avert the threatened danger and grant us peace !' So great was his desire for peace that he cherished the hope that the political difficulties might be adjusted without bloodshed, until he was convinced by stern reality that this hope was vain. * * * When Dr. W^hite went to the Institute to hold the short religious service which Major Jackson had requested, the latter told him the command would march precisely at one o'clock, and the minister, knowing his punctuality, made it a point to close the service at a quarter before one. Everything was then in readiness, and after waiting a few moments an officer approached Major Jackson, and said : 'Major, everything is now ready. May we not set out?' The only reply he made was to point the dial-plate of the barrack's clock, and not until the hand pointed to the hour of one (April 21st, 1861) was his voice heard to ring out the order, 'Forward, march !' "—il/;'.y. Jackso)i's Life of Jackson, pp. 14.S-6.

THE JJFE OF ST()NM:VV.\I,T< j XCKSoX. LIEUT.-GEN.. C. S. A. 19

Chapter Six. Jackson As A Disciplinarian

Jackson Prompt in Discipline — Stonewall Jackson Ready for The Unexpected — Jackson Required Promptness From His Subordinates — Jackson's Vigor in Enforcing an Order — Jackson Unmovable by Reasons Given for Impromptitude — Jackson Suspends an Officer for Giving His Own Fence Rails to be Burned — Jackson Has an Officer Arrested for not Fighting — No Military Order Impossible With Jackson of Execution — Jackson Dealing With Mutineers — With Jackson Difficulties Were Merely Discipline.

Jackson Prompt in Discipline. — The following-, by request of the author, was furnished by Col. D. G. Mcintosh, of Baltimore County, Maryland, Captain of Mcintosh's Battery, Confederate Army ;

*T have seen Gen. Jackson a number of times, but never had any conversation with him. He put me under arrest once," said the Colonel with a cheerful smile illuminating his face. "We had come out under an alarm of battle, which proved false. We had to pass over a very rough turnpike, near Rapidan. While we were returning on rhis road, one of the shells in its cassion. by reason of this roughness, exploded, singed the wheel-horse, and nearly scared the driver out of his wits. Fortunately it did no other damage. In twenty minutes an officer, sent by Gen. Jackson, rode and said : — 'The captain of this battery is plhced under arrest.' I remained so until rhe next battle, a few days later. The arrest was right. The gunners, the sergeants, and other ofti^ers up to the Captain should see that their ammunition is properly packed so that they will not prematurely exjilodc. If we had had more