Life and work of Theodore Roosevelt, typical American, patriot, orator, historian, sportsman, soldier, statesman and president

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Preface

The passing of Theodore Roosevelt from the stage of American life leaves a noticeable blank in the busy scene, but draws public attention more than ever to the wonderful and distinctive character of his career.

More than merely interesting is the story of his life and work. It is full of instruction, by precept and example, for Americans of all classes and all ages. It is a story of which the reader will never tire. Abounding m action and achievement, it is extraordinary from beginning to end. Its pubhcation in any form needs no excuse, but in the complete form in which it is presented in these pages, it is fairly demanded by the American people, who revere the memory of their great leader and would fain preserve it as a priceless heritage.

From the cradle to the tomb the career of Roosevelt was so thoroughly and tj^jically American that its study may well be regarded as a national duty. Most certainly it is the duty of every American parent to give his children the fullest possible opportunity to learn the lessons of this great career, and to profit by them.

This volume aims to present the wonderful Roosevelt story in such a manner that young and old may gather from its pages a complete and correct view of the great patriot in all his many-sided aspects. It is therefore replete with illustrative anecdotes of his career, as well as ^vith the biographical details that are in themselves so unusually interesting.

The graphic illustrations are numerou^s, and with propriety they consist mainly of photographs that depict the great American in characteristic attitudes and scenes in all the multifarious stages of his career.

Acknowledgments

In the preparation of this volume many works on various phases of Colonel Roosevelt's life and services have been consulted, and acknowledgments are due the following, among other authors and publishers of Rooseveltiana:

Jacob A. Riis — "Theodore Roosevelt, the Citizen" (The Outlook Company, 1903).

Charles Eugene Banks and Leroy Armstrong — "Theodore Roosevelt, a Typical American" (E. R. Dumont, 1901).

George William Douglas — "The Many-Sided Roosevelt" (Dodd, Mead & Co., 1907).

Addison C. Thomas — "Roosevelt Among the People" (The L. W. Walter Co., 1910).

Murat Halstead — "The Life of Theodore Roosevelt" (The Saalfield Publishing Co., 1902).

J. Martin Miller — "Leaders and Issues of the Campaign of 1904" (The L. W. Walter Co., 1904).

James Morgan — "Theodore Roosevelt, the Boy and the Man" (The Macmillan Company, 1907).

Charles Scribner's Sons, publishers of Colonel Roosevelt's own books, Including "America and the World War" (1915), and the "Autobiography."

Charles Hanson Towne and David Henderson, editors of McClure's Magazine — "The Fighting Roosevelts" (1918).

Contents

Preface 5

Introduction, by Merritt St.\jir 11

CHAPTER I. — Theodore Roosevelt — In Memoriam 39

Special Tributes by Major-Qeneral Leonard Wood, U. S. A.; Hon. Ctauncey M. Depew, Hon. Joseph G. Cannon, Col. Henry Watterson, Senator Hiram A. Johnson, Senator Miles Poindexter, Senator Joseph I. France, Hon. John Wanamaker, Bishop Samuel Fallows, Dr. Frank Crane, and Others.

CHAPTER II.— Birth and Boyhood 77

Theodore Roosevelt a Native of New York — His Pioneer Ancestry — Social and Political Leaders in New York City — His Parents and Grandparents — The Boy, Father of the Man.

CHAPTER III.— Life at College 95

Enters Harvard University — Appearance at That Time — A Studious Collegian — Vacations in the Maine Woods — Boxing at Harvard — Graduation — Another Trip to Europe.

"t^HAPTER IV.— Entry into Politics 105

Attends His First Primary — Discovers His Life Work — Nominated and Elected State Assemblyman — Fights Corruption and Beats a Hired Thug — Good Work and Valuable Experience in the Legislature — Reform His Watchword — Early Steps in National Politics.

CHAPTER v.— Life on the Ranch 115

Getting Acquainted with the Wild West — Thrilled by the Plains — He Buys a Ranch — Gains by Western Life — Fight with a Bully — His Moral Strength — Hunting Big Game — The Roosevelt Ranch.

CONTENTS— ( Continued)

CHAPTER VI.— Return to Public Life 127

Candidate for Mayor of New York — Second Marriage — Ldeal Domestic Life— Civil Service Commissioner — Police Commissioner of New York — His Unusual Methods — Resigns to Become Secretary of the Navy.

CHAPTER VII.— His Work for the Navy 139

Assistant Secretary of the Navy Department — His Record as a Naval Author — Cutting Red Tape — Foresaw War with Spain — His Preparedness Order to Dewey — Improved American Gunnery.

CHAPTER VIII.— The Rough Riders 151

Destruction of the ' ' Maine ' ' — Roosevelt Resigns from the Navy Department — Organizes the Rough Riders — Leonard Wood as Colonel — Record of the Regiment — Las Guasimas and San Juan Hill — Praise from General Wheeler — The Famous ' * Round Robin ' ' — Return to the United States.

CHAPTER IX.— Governor of New York 165

Nominated at Saratoga — Chauncey M. Depcw 's Nominating Speech — Roosevelt and Piatt — A Reform Administration — Taxation of Corporations — Nominated and Elected Vice- President of the United States.

CHAPTER X.— He Succeeds McKinley 179

Inaugurated as Vice-President — Relations with McKinley Pleasant — Assassination of the Presidfnt — Roosevelt in the Adirondaoks — He Becomes President — Followed McKinley 's Policies — An International Peacemaker.

CHAPTER XL— Election as President 192

Roosevelt as a Politician and Leader — His Success Predicted — Nominated for a Full Term and Triumphantly Elected — Many Reforms Urged — BringB Peace Between Russia and Japan — The Panic of 1907 — Foreign Relations.

CHAPTER XII.— Record in the White House 208

The Panama Canal Problem Solved — Mr. Roosevelt 's Conservation Polii-y — Praise from an laipartial Source — His Colonial Policy — The Standard Oil Fight — Consular Service Reformed — .Appointed General Wood as Chief of Staff — Secret of Roosevelt 's Success — Getting Close to the People.

CONTENTS— (Contiuued)

CHAPTER XIII.— In Africa and Europe 228

Departure for Big-Oame Hunting in the African Jungle — Description of a Buffalo Hunt — The Colonel 's Vigor and Endurance — Eeturn to Civilization — Travels in Europe — Honored by Potentates and People — The Incident in Eonie — His Eeturn Home — Roosevelt and Taft.

CHAPTER XIV.— The Progressive Party 241

Roosevelt Chosen at the Primaries for President, but Denied a Nomination by the Bosses — Birth of the ' ' Bull Moose ' ' Party — He Is Nominated as Its Standard-bearer — Shot by a Crank in Milwaukee — His Courage and Endurance — Results of the Campaign — Taft Defeated and Wilson Elected,

CHAPTER XV.— The Private Citizen 250

Lectures in Principal Cities Followed by Exploration of the Brazilian Jungle — The " Eiver of Doubt "—Visits to England and Spain — The Barnes Libel Suit — Outbreak of the Great War — The Campaign of 1916 — He Declines Another Nomination.

CHAPTER XVI.— Apostle of Preparedness 263

Twenty Years of Warning to the United States — He Practised What He Preached — Urged Universal Training in 1914 — Roused the American Spirit — Offers of Personal Service Eejected — Statement by Eoosevelt and Taft — The Colonel's Attitude on the Great War.

CHAPTER XVII.— A Family of Patriots 277

Four Sons in Active Service — One Killed, Two Wounded, All Distinguished — Quentin 's Grave Visited by His Mother — War Records of the Eoosevelts — The Colonel 's Family- — Ideal Family Life — Love of the Outdoors — Oyster Bay a Mecca for Distinguished Visitors.

CHAPTER XVIII.— The Young Man's Hero 285

Theodore Roosevelt the Idol of American Youth — His Strong, Lovable Character Appealed to Its Imagination — One Secret of His Power as a Citizen — A Perennial Boy — Mourned by the Boys of America — The Colonel Among Children — How He Raised His Sons.

CONTENTS— (Continued)

Theodore Koosevelt 's High Standard in Sports — A Lover of Clean Sport — Himself an Athlete — Sports in the White House — A Close Follower of Football — A Great Hunter — His Fondness for Boxing — Friends Among the Experts — Wrestling at Albany — Roosevelt as an Outdoor Man — A Keally Great Naturalist.

CHAPTER XX.— Roosevelt the Author 319

Literature His Profession — A Prolific Writer of History, Politics, Biography, Travel and Essays — Regular Contributor to the Magazines — Hie Versatility and Remarkable Output — A Master of Concise and Vigorous English — List of His Works.

CHAPTER XXL— Anecdotes of Roosevelt 329

Interesting Little Stories That Will Long Survive the Beloved Colonel, Dlustrating His Fearlessness, Energy, Versatility, Patriotism and Other Outstanding Traits of His Many- Sided Character.

CHAPTER XXII.— Death and Burial 365

The End Comes in His Sleep — Death Caused by a Pulmonary Embolism — His Last Words — Last Message to the American People — None Present When He Died — Burial in Old Cemetery Near His Home — A Simple but Deeply Impressive Ceremony, Such as He Desired — Distinguished Men at the Funeral.

CHAPTER XXIII.— A World in Mourning 393

Messages of Grief and Sympathy — Tributes by Public Men in Many Countries — Official Action by States, Cities, Courts, and Public Bodies — .\utopraphed Expressions of Respect — A Special Day of Tribute to Theodore Roosevelt' s Lite and Memory.

CHAPTER XXIV.— The Official Memorl^l 435-512

Congress in .Joint Session with Crowded Galleries Hears a Magnificent Tribute to Theodore Roosevelt from the Lips of Senator Lodge, His Long-Time Personal and Political Friend.

By Meeeitt Staee^ M. A., LL. B.

A noble life lias been lived. A noble life on earth has ended. The object of this sketch is to introduce an account of that life to the busy people of the world, and to the rising generation.

Theodore Roosevelt was at his death the greatest private citizen of the world. He shared the life of his generation and molded its future more than any other man. Three principles of action were dominant throughout his life, and should be recognized at the outset. They were :

1. To make the best use of his life.

2. '*To fear no evil"; and

3. iVo5/e55e ofc/i^e (nobility obliges). Nobility, which the accident of birth or opportunity confers, requires nobility of life.

Theodore quotes his father as telling him while a college freshman, and during the last year of the father's life, ''that if I wished to become a scientific man, I could do so, * * * if I intended to do the very best work there was in me."

His daring was inborn. Before he was six, his mother said: "If the Lord hadn't loved Theodore, he'd have been dead long ago. ' '

His father, Theodore Roosevelt, was in business, a glass importer; but he was a man of great public spirit. He drafted the Act of Congress creating the ''Allotment

Commission," officers who saw to it that an agreed part of the pay of the Civil War soldiers reached their families; and served as New York commissioner of allotment with William E. Dodge and Theodore B. Bronson.

Roosevelt the father was one of the organizers of the Union League Club, the Sanitary Commission, the Soldiers' Employment Bureau, the Children's Aid Society, head of the State Board of Charities, and founder of the Roosevelt Hospital. He was nominated by President Hayes for Collector of the Port of New York, but rejected through the influence of Roscoe Conkling. The time for appointing a Collector on civil service principles had not come. Early in the 1800 's two of the Rooeevelts were aldermen of New York, when that was a title of honor and of public service. Isaac Roosevelt sat in the Constitutional Convention "\\ith Alexander Hamilton. The public spirit ran in the family.

Seven generations of Roosevelts preceded Theodore in New York, the first coming from Holland in 1644; and these Knickerbockers intermarried with Pennsylvanians, including English and Welsh Quakers, Scotch-Irish, Irish and Pennsylvania-Germans.

His mother's people were Southerners, Georgians, of predominantly Scotch, but inclusive of Huguenot French, and English descent. They included slave-holders, sea captains, and two Confederate naval officers. Theodore was a composite. His father well-earned Theodore's tribute, "the best man I ever knew"; and the family sobriquet of "Great Heart." Theodore's upbringing was religious. Morning prayers for a start, and evening dress for dinner, were indispensable ; and the children enjoyed the parents' companionship and the prayers. "I speak for you and the cubby-hole (sofa-arm next the father) too,"

was their cry as they raced for his coat-skirt, on the way to prayers. Before he was ten, he began collecting a zoo, and writing phonetically spelled natural histories.

Born October 27, 1858, in New^ York City (at old No. 28 East Twentieth Street) ; with two sisters and a brother he grew up in a normal and healthy family life. The summer home at Oyster Bay, on a hill overlooking Long Island Sound, in the family from his grandfather's time, helped this. At ten he made his first trip to Europe; and at fourteen his second, which was extended to Egypt and the Holy Land. From the beginning he was asthmatic and sickly and needed and received open-air treatment. At thirteen he got a gun, found out his need of spectacles, and put them on ; and began stuffing birds.

Following his father's example, at fifteen he took, and for three years taught a Mission Sunday-school class in New York. He early became and throughout life remained a faithful member of the Dutch Reformed Church.

Entering Harvard at eighteen, he taught a mission class in Boston or Cambridge throughout his four college years. This did not prevent him one midnight on returning from a Boston opera from chasing Prof. Lane's fine cat over several fences, and finally capturing, skinning, and stuffing it ; nor from beginning boxing lessons at fourteen, which he kept up through life, at the cost of an injury to the sight of an eye from a blow while in the A^Tiite House. He learned to defend and take care of himself, and developed his natural love of fair play in a fair fight. Entering an exhibition match at the Harvard Gym, he stretched out his glove for the ring-courtesy handshake. His opponent, mistaking the gesture, warded it off and countered on Eoosevelt's nob. Teddy hushed the laughs and hisses of the front-seaters by holding up both hands and shouting in falsetto, "He didn't mean anything. He didn't understand."

His development makes a record of obstacles overcome by determined industry. A sickly child, he became a healthy man. Dependent on spectacles, he became a sure shot. Originally slight, and handicapped in physique, he became a good boxer and rider (the last at the cost of many falls, one yielding a broken arm, another a broken rib, and another a cracked shoulder joint) all by persistent training. Ha\dng a falsetto break in his voice, still he became a most skillful public speaker, by the native fire within him, and dint of much practice. A born sport rather than a student, at his graduation (A. B.) in 1880, he made the Phi Beta Kappa, which ranked him in the first tenth of his class in scholarship. The death of his father when Teddy was twenty (and half through college) brought a quick sobering of responsibility, and pushed him early into a man's estate.

In all this he was making the best use of his life. He feared no evil. Noblesse was written deep in his family inheritance. He was to ennoble it still further by public duty well performed.

All our sketches are inadequate ; but an attempt at a birdseye view of some of the leading events of his life may be made with the help of this

Partial Chronology

Born in New York City in 1858

Graduate at Harvard in 1880

Law Student (New York University) in 1881

Elected to New York Legislature three times,

Republican candidate for Speaker in 1883

Delegate to New York Republican State Convention

First of the four Delegates-at-Large from New York to Republican National Convention (the other three being Andrew D. White, John I. Gilbert and Edwin Packard). (His practical management of the New York State Convention secured the election of these four delegates-at-large, and placed him at the head of the delegation w^hich included George William Curtis and Thomas C.

Piatt) 1884

Ranchman in North Dakota 1884-1889

Republican Candidate for Mayor of New York 1886

United States Civil Service Commissioner 1889-1895

President New York Police Commission 1895-1897

Assistant Secretary United States Navy 1897-1898

Organized Rough Riders (First U. S. Volunteer Cavalry), Lieutenant Colonel and Colonel in Cuba Campaign, in which he took the lead in the battles of Las Guasimas and San Juan Hill 1898

Governor of New York (elected in 1898) 1899-1900

Vice President of United States (unanimously nominated in 1900) 1901

Succeeded to the Presidency September 14 1901

Elected President (by largest majority ever given a

candidate) 1904

President of United States 71/2 years 1901-1909

Initiated our Forest and Land and River Reclamation Policy 1901

Settled the coal strike 1902

Enforced the Monroe Doctrine in Venezuela, 1902-

1903, and in Santo Domingo in 1905-1907

Recognized Republic of Panama and initiated construction of Panama Canal in 1903

Re-elected President (is the only Vice-President who became President through the death of his predecessor and then succeeded himself) 1904

Negotiated the Russo-Japanese Peace Treaty 1905

Outlined solution of Algeciras Conference concerning Africa (France, Germany, Spain, Morocco, Italy and United States) 1906

(lie wrote the terms on the French Ambassador's visiting card.)

Received the Nobel Peace Prize 1906

Established Roosevelt Foundation for Industrial

Peace 1907

Secured Santo Domingo Treaty, recognizing Monroe

Doctrine ' 1907

Sent our fleet round the world — 42,000 miles — (first

national fleet to circumnavigate the globe) .1907-1908

Assembled first House of Governors in Conservation

movement 1908

Editor of "The Outlook" 1909-1914

Tour of Africa and Europe 1909-1910

Special Ambassador to England at funeral of Edward VII 1910

Lectured at European Universities, Oxford, Paris, and P>erlin (delivering the Romanes Lecture at Oxford) 1910

At the written request of Governors of seven States

he led the Progressive Campaign 1912

Toured South America 1913

At the University of Chicago. President Roosevelt Receiving the Degree of Doctor of Laws from President Harper and Faculty.

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Three Generations of Roosevelts in a Family Group at Sagamore Hill. Left to Right — Theodore Roosevelt's Grandson, the Baby of Archibald; Colonel Roosevelt; Mrs. Archibald Roosevelt; Richard Derby, Jr.; Mrs. Theodore Roosevelt; and Baby Edith Derby on the Lap of Her Mother. Mr». Richard Derby, Who Was Miss Ethel Roosevelt. » »«"»«=r. «tr..

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Toured South America again; discovered and explored 600 miles of unknown river, which the Brazilian Government named after him, Rio

Teodoro 1914

Attacked "invisible government*' in New York 1914

Proved his attack and defeated Barnes libel suit. , . .1915

Initiated the Preparedness movement. 1916

Declined Progressive nomination and supported

Hughes 1916

Organized Roosevelt Legion of 150,000 men and tendered it to the Government 1917

Championed more efficient and vigorous prosecution

of war 1918

Gave four sons to the service (three wounded, one

killed) 1918

Turned over Nobel Peace Prize to Soldiers* Aid Society: 1918

Some Results of His Life Work

150 National Forests with an area of over 300,000 square

miles.

5 great National Parks.

4 Reservations for Big Game.

51 Bird Reservations.

22 Reservations of American Antiquities.

His Land Reclamation, Forest, and Game Preserve

Policy saved and dedicated to public use an area greater

than all Germany — greater than the combined area of

Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin.

The twenty-two Reserves of American Antiquities, established through his efforts — a truly remarkable work — are as follows :

Name and State. Year. Acres.

Chaco Canyon, N. ^l 1907 20,629

Cinder Cone, Cal 1907 5,120

Devil's Tower, Wyo 1906 1,152

El Morro, N. M 1906 160

Grand Quivira, N. M 1909 160

Grand Canyon, Ariz 1908 806,400

Jewel Cave, S. D 1908 1,280

Lassen Peak, Cal 1907 1,280

Lewis and Clark Cavern, Mont 1908 160

Montezuma Castle, Ariz 1906 160

Mount Olympus, Wash 1909 608,640

Muir Woods, Cal 1908 295

Mukuntuweap, Utah 1909 15,840

Natural Bridges, Utah 1909 2,740

Navajo, Ariz 1909 600

Oregon Caves, Ore 1909 480

Petrified Forest, Ariz 1906 25,625

Shoshone Cavern, Wyo 1909 210

Tonto, Ariz 1907 640

Tumaeacori, Ariz 1908 10

Wheeler, Col 1908 300

He was the first to begin this system of Reserves. Since then, under the influence of his initiative, eleven other Reserves of American Antiquities have been added to the list.

He built the Panama Canal, the greatest public work in all history. From sea to sea, across the isthmus, he carved, '^ Theodore Roosevelt, his mark."

He built the Roosevelt Dam in Arizona (opened 1911). He raised the United States Navy from near the bottom to second place.

He made three fleets ready and munitioned; and sent Dewey to the Philippines, two months in advance of the Spanish war. The victories of Manila and Santiago and their fruits were due to his preparedness.

At Santo Domingo in 1905 he made the United States receiver of customs; paid forty-five per cent to Santo Domingo and fifty-five per cent to foreign creditors; restored peace without firing a shot ; enforced the Monroe Doctrine. This was embodied in the treaty with Santo Domingo, ratified in 1907, and established a precedent followed in Costa Rica. He established a policy of civil protectorate for the smaller states.

Measures for Social and Industrial Justice and Welfare, he made leading public policies.

He enforced and extended the eight-hour law and made it alive.

Appointed the first Country Life Commission.

Secured Workmen's Compensation and Employer's Liability Laws.

Developed the Bureau of Mines.

Maintained the open shop, for both union and nonunion labor.

His book, ''Conservation of Womanhood and Childhood," published in 1912, following his policy as Governor of New York, practically initiated the movement for national legislation to protect woman labor and forbid child labor, in works under Federal control.

When he became Civil Service Commissioner in 1889, he found 14,000 Government officers under the civil service rules. He left 40,000 there ; and as Jacob Riis said in 1904, ''there are 125,000 now, and when the ransomed number 200,000, it will still be Roosevelt's work." Appointed by President Benjamin Harrison, he fought and defeated Harrison's Postmaster General over the appointment of postmen in Indianapolis, Harrison's home town. He was retained in office by President Cleveland in 1893-4-5; and when Roosevelt insisted on retiring at the end of his term, Grover Cleveland wrote him: "You

]9 are certainly to be congratulated upon the extent and permanency of the civil service reform methods which you have so substantially aided in bringing about. The struggle for its firm establishment and recognition is past. Its faithful application and reasonable expansion remain, subjects of deep interest to all who really desire the best attainable service."

In 1890, after a year of service as National Civil Service Commissioner, he came to Chicago and helped us in our struggle for city and State civil service laws. At a mass meeting we held in Madison Street Theatre in March, 1890, addressing an audience, half supporters, half opponents, he said: ''Every ward heeler who now ekes out a miserable existence at the expense of oflSceholders and candidates is opposed to our policy, and we are proud to acknowledge it. Every politician who sees nothing but reward of office in the success of a party or a principle is opposed to us, and we are not sorry for it. * * We propose to keep a man in office as long as he serves the public faithfully and courteously. * * "We propose that no incumbent shall be dismissed from the service unless he proves untrustworthy or incompetent, and that no one not specially qualified for the duties of the position shall be appointed. These two statements we consider eminently practical and American in principle." (Riis, pp 109-110.)

On Government operation of railways he said: "Before that question can be so much as discussed, it ought to be definitely settled that, if the Government takes control, of either telegraph line or railway, it must do it to manage it purely as a business undertaking, and must manage it with a service wholly unconnected with politics. I should like to call the special attention of the gentlemen in bodies interested in increasing the sphere of State action — interested in giving the State control more and more over railways, over telegraph lines, and over other things of the sort — to the fact that the condition precedent upon success is to establish an absolutely nonpartisan governmental system. When that point is once settled, we can discuss the advisability of doing what these gentlemen wish, but not before." (Riis, p. 112.)

He exemplified the psychological truth that man cannot be split up into departments ; that the intellect is the whole man thinking; the sensibilities are the whole man feeling; and the will is the whole man deciding. In few men are they so thoroughly commingled. Still, it is convenient to consider his qualities in the established classification.

Let us simply observe his personality in three groups of qualities; namely, those of his intellect, those of his ethical nature or character, and those of his temperament.

Leading traits of his intellect were :

1. Nobleness. He took things in the large, high way, and not in the low or petty way.

2. Idealism. He saw that everything contains a promise of something better; that everything could be improved. He saw things both as they are in reahty and also in imagination, as if the improvements had come into being, and things were freed of defects.

3. Concentrated application. His intellect was overpoweringly active. His extraordinary endowments combined ceaseless activity with single-eyed attention to the chosen goal. His industry was marvelous. His intellect, sensibilities, and will combined instinctively in this.

4. Insight or intuition. He had immediate understanding of people. He saw into things deeply and with instmctive perception. He simply absorbed the best thought of the past and of his time.

5. Geniality. He was intellectually akin to and attuned to the life of the world about him. He shared the life of his kind, human kind, and was always cordial and hearty and social, and of good fellowship. This trait characterized him intellectually, ethically, and temperamentally.

In his moral nature :

1. Rectitude was his leading trait. He was upright and downright. He saw straight. He gave and demanded the square deal and fair play. Out of this came

2. Honesty. He was honest to the core.

3. Fidelity. He was faithful. He enlisted for the war. He stayed through to the end.

4. Patriotism. He was always a plus American.

5. Dutifulness. He overflowed with zeal for good. In home life he was an exemplar. Wife, children, parents, relatives, and countless friends, found him ever a model of clean, pure, high living.

In inborn temperament :

1. Chivalrous courage comes first. **I will fear no evil,** was his attitude, consciously and unconsciously. He never feared the face of man. **Fear God and Take Your Own Part" entitled one of his last books, and characterized his life. His spirit was dauntless. This was higher and deeper than fearlessness. It was intrepid {gallantry for the worthy cause.

2. Power, which is force, ready and easy in use, he had beyond most men. He had phenomenal driving energy. Vigorous, strong, rugged, he was indeed a man of might.

3. Alertness. He was ever quick. He had dashing initiative. **A young fellow of infinite dash and originality, ' ' said John Hay in 1901.

4. Joyousness continuously radiated from him. He delighted in doing his daily task and doing it well. He was a clean, true sport. He saw life as a strenuous work, brightened into a mighty game. He always made the first move. He drank dehght of battle with his peers. ** Delighted" was the greeting in his heart and on his lips. He saw everything with a sparkle of humor.

5. Unselfish ambition. Just as he naturally saw that things could be better, he was ambitious and determined to make them better. ''Follow the gleam" (of the vision of better things) was his natural rule of action.

He was a genius. A genius is an enlargement of the common mind and heart — a man with eye to see, heart to conceive, and hand to execute, more than other men. His power of concentration on the thing in hand and ease in transferring his concentrated attention to the next were great.

To illustrate — A Congressman brought him a Water Power Bill. The President slowly passed his eye down over it from beginning to end, and handed it back with the remark: ''Yes, that's important, and the Waterways Commission ought to have that before them." "But, Mr. President, I should like to have you familiarize yourself with it. I believe it will interest you. " "I have done so," replied Roosevelt, "you can examine me on it, if you wish."

A continental author and statesman was visiting New York during the campaign of 1910. A New York lawyer took him to an open-air meeting where Roosevelt was speaking. A voice in the crowd cried: "Tell us about

Cuba and San Juan Hill." T. R.: ''Oh, you want to hear how w^e helped out the Cigar Makers' Strike?" And a concluding paragraph of the speech followed. Five minutes later, being introduced to the continental author, he said: **I enjoyed reading your new book on Social Democracy and especially your views in the seventh chapter."

Roosevelt's intellectual output is monumental.

In the thirty-seven years from 1882 to 1919, he for a time conducted a ranch, contributed articles to many periodicals, served as visitor to Harvard University, was editor of *'The Outlook" four years, brought out forty-three volumes of books, and a similar volume of messages and reports, besides unnumbered editorials and addresses. The volumes may be classified thus :