The life and genius of Goethe : lectures at te Concord school of philosophy

Contents

PORTRAITS.

Goethe in Age. From Baucis Bust . . . Frontispiece, Goethe in Youth To face p. I

Page iODUCTiON. — The Goethe Society and the Goethe Archives. — Bibliography of Goethe's Works, of Works on Goethe, and of Papers on Goethe —

Introduction

The Lectures on Goethe here printed are not the whole of those delivered at the School of Philosophy in July, 1885 ; for several of the lecturers have either published their essays elsewhere, or withhold them for other uses. Much also that was said in the conversations which followed the Lectures, and which threw light on the text as here printed, is necessarily omitted ; although the lecturers, in revising their manuscripts, have sometimes included remarks that were thus made. Mr. Alcott, the founder of the School, although several times present during these sessions, (as he had not been since 1882,) was unable to make his comments in the conversations; and therefore some passages from his Diaries have been inserted in the lecture of Mr. Sanborn. On the other hand, Mr. Snider and other lecturers have omitted, in revision, some of the comments made in the spoken lectures.

Professor Hewett, of Cornell University, whose lecture on " Goethe in Weimar/' expanded, will form part of a series on the " Homes of the German Poets "

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in Harper's Magazine, and is not available for this volume, has kindly furnished for this Introduction an account of the newly discovered Goethe manuscripts which were mentioned in his lecture. It is based on the reports of Professor Geiger and Dr. Brahm, and is as follows.

THE GOETHE SOCIETY AND THE GOETHE AECHIYES.

Walther von Goethe, Chamberlain of the Grand Duke of Saxe- Weimar, and the last descendant of the poet, died in Leipzig, April 15, 1885. By his will he bequeathed the Goethe house, its art and scientific collections, to the Grand Duke ; its literary treasures were left to the Grand Duchess Sophie, a princess of the house of Orange, whose intelligence and interest in literature make her a worthy successor of the Duchess Amalia. On the 9th of June a call was issued, inviting all friends of Goethe literature to unite in the formation of a Goethe Society in Weimar. The meeting was held on June 20 and 21, in the guild house of the Crossbowmen, an organization of which the poet was a member. More than one hundred eminent scholars and university professors assembled from all parts of Germany and Austria to do honor to the poet. The Goethe archives, which had been so long the object of ardent interest to all scholars, had at last been opened, and the results of the investigation were to be made known. The Society was constituted with a long list of active members, including the Empress of Germany, the granddaughter of Carl August, the Princes and the Grand Duchess of Saxe- Weimar, the Princes of Keuss-Gera, of Meiningen, and of Saxony ; the Ministers Yon Gossler of Berlin, Yon Gerber of Dresden, and numerous foreign scholars of Naples, Eome, Athens, and America. The Grand Duke Carl Alexander of Saxe-Weimar

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vii accepted the office of patron of the society. Dr. Simson, President of the Imperial Court of Leipzig, formerly President of the German Parliament, was chosen the first President. The Executive Committee consists of Professor W. Scherer of Berlin, First Yice-President ; General-Intendant Yon Loen of Weimar, Second Yice-President ; Professor Kuno Fischer of Heidelberg ; Paul Heyse, the novelist, of Munich ; Yon Loeper of Berlin ; Yon Beaulieu-Marconnay of Dresden; Eumelin, Chancellor of the University of Tubingen, of Stuttgart ; Professor Erich Schmidt of Yienna; Eggeling, Curator of the University of Jena; and Buland of Weimar. A business board was also selected. Herr Commerzienrath Moritz was appointed Treasurer of the Society.

The objects of the organization are to promote a knowledge of the whole domain of Goethe's intellectual activity and influence, and to promote special investigations in Goethe literature. Annual meetings will be held for the presentation of papers and interchange of views. The Goethe Jahrbuch will become the organ of the society, in which will be published much of the fresh material discovered in the archives. The volume for 1886 will contain the letters of Goethe to his sister Cornelia, and to Behrisch in Dessau ; also, the hitherto unpublished letters of the Erau Path (Goethe's mother) to the Duchess Amalia, from the state archives, the arrangement of which has been entrusted to Archivrath Burkhardt. A subsequent volume will contain the letters of Goethe from Italy to the Frau von Stein, and also his correspondence with his wife. The Society will establish a Goethe museum and library, with facilities for investigation, and seek to complete the Goethe archives.

The Grand Duchess has determined to inaugurate two monumental works : (1.) A complete life of Goethe, based on his diaries and the additional material contained among his papers. This has been undertaken by that most eminent Goethe scholar, Privy-Councillor von Loeper. (2.) A new authentic edition of his works, based upon the collation of all viii

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existing manuscripts, which will devolve upon Yon Loeper, Scherer, and Erich Schmidt, the last of whom has resigned his professorship in the University of Vienna to accept the Directorship of the Goethe Archives.

At a later session of the Society, Herr von Loeper and Professor Scherer presented the results of their examination of the archives. Six cases were filled with the manuscripts. One contained accounts of domestic expenses, the bills of butchers and bakers, preserved with that order which was characteristic of the poet ; a second contained careful notes, from the highest authorities, together with the results of his own observations in science ; two other cases contained manuscripts of his works, journals, and letters. Yon Loeper gave a general view of the contents of two cases out of the six, which he had been able to examine. The material may be divided into three parts : (1.) Manuscripts of Goethe's works ; (2.) Letters ; and (3.) Diaries.

I. The existing manuscripts, while not presenting new and complete works, reveal the methods of study of the poet, the vast field of his intellectual activity, and the origin, growth, and connection of his various writings. They begin with the unique copy of the " Hollenfahrt Jesu Christi," written in 1765, and published in "Die Sichtbaren" in 1766, and end with his last great work, the Second Part of Faust, in 1831, thus covering a period of sixty-six years. Many manuscripts most eagerly anticipated were not found, among them the original of Faust. Count Friedrich Stolberg, in descrihmg a visit to "Weimar in 1775, speaks of a glorious afternoon when Goethe read " his half- completed Faust, a noble poem," to the Duchesses and himself. This manuscript, which Goethe carried with him to Italy, would settle many questions in Faust criticism. The preliminary sketch of " "Wilhelm Meister," spoken of by Herder, and its earlier form, as well as the first version of " Tasso," are missing. Among the treasures revealed, however, from the pre- Weimar days, are a fine manuscript of " Der Ewige Jude " ; the first manuscript of " Gotz von

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ix

Berlichingen"; a hitherto unknown collection of dialogues, in one of which Frau Aja plays a part (October 14, 1774); and a volume of youthful poems, parts of which are known through copies in the possession of the Herders and Frau von Stein ; also, three versions of the " Mitschuldigen " (probably later revisions), and several manuscripts of "Prometheus," one copied by Lenz, and one by the Fraulein von Gochhausen. Belonging to the period of his residence in Weimar are copies of his minor dramatic works, among them three manuscripts of the " Triumph der Empfindsamkeit."

From the period of Goethe's residence in Italy there are versions of the " Iphigenie " in prose and in iambics, " Tasso," and the " Eoman Elegies " complete, in his own autograph. Of later date are three autograph manuscripts of the " Venetian Epigrams," with many hitherto unpublished ; some of these are of an erotic nature, others were directed against Lavater, and still others were anti-clerical in spirit. A manuscript of the " Grosskophta " as an opera was also found, and " Elpenor " in two versions. Of the period of Goethe's connection with Schiller, there is the manuscript of " Hermann und Dorothea," copied probably by A. W. Schlegel, with corrections by Goethe. There are also numerous smaller works and fragments, — among the latter the beginning of a tragedy in five acts, called " Das Madchen von Oberkirch," in which Goethe treats the phenomena of the French Revolution. He located the action in the Alsatian village of Oberkirch, with the surroundings of which he was familiar. There is also a beautiful manuscript of that ambitious fragment, the "Achilleis," in which Goethe, filled with the spirit of his Homeric studies, undertook a classical epic, in continuation of the Iliad, but stopped with the first canto. A plan, however, has been found, embracing the action of the six books originally contemplated. Goethe's enthusiasm for Homer is further shown by essays in the translation of various passages in hexameters, and even a critical interpretation of an obscure passage.

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His productivity is shown by the vast materials accumulated in his later studies. Among these are poems and collectanea for the " Divan," all in autograph, and nearly all supplied with dates. These exhibit various readings and rejected passages, and are of great value in the interpretation and historical criticism of the verses as they stand. He even attempted a " Historisches Volksbuch" (1808). Numberless minor poems and fragments were found, occasionally recreations of the charming evenings of the literary "circles," but more often the records of more serious work. Among them are additional Zahme Xenien, invectives, political stanzas, attacks on persons, Erotica, etc. There is an attack upon Wolfgang Menzel, whose bitter hostility could not always leave Goethe unmoved. He is called a " Potenzierter Merkel." There is also an addition to the poem, " Es ist ein Schuss gef alien," with references to Friedrich Schlegel, and Miiller, the romanticist and publicist, who followed his friend to the Koman communion.

Professor Scherer, in his investigations, gave especial attention to the manuscripts of " Faust." He found, what cannot be a surprise, from Goethe's own expressions, that the poet himself had attempted an adaptation of- the First Part to the stage. His plan for its representation included in the first act the Dedication, Prelude, and Prologue in Heaven. Music was introduced skilfully and effectively in many passages ; as in the abridged monologue, and in the scene of Faust's covenant with the evil spirit, when the choir of spirits is heard contending with one another, " He will sign," " He will not sign," singing in chorus, until Mephistopheles cries,

Goethe's taste for the opera, and his estimate of the capacity of music to heighten dramatic effect, are shown by this treatment. This scheme or arrangement is often styled in the manuscript " melodrama." As early as 1810, Goethe considered the presentation of "Faust" on the stage, and requested Zelter to write the music for the Easter Song and the Slumber Song of

INTRODUCTION.

xi the Spirits, "Schwindet ihr dunkeln Wolbungen droben"; but the musician declined, and Goethe dropped the matter for the time. Later, he was very angry at the proposed production of " Faust " in Weimar in 1828, before consultation with him, " as though he were no longer alive, and without asking what view he might have in the manner of its presentation." For the Helena scenes there is the most abundant material, and there is a manuscript, " Helena im Mittelalter, ein satyrisches- Drama," which later bears the odd title, " Satyr- Drama, eine Episode zu Faust." The inference is drawn from this, that Goethe's earliest work on the "Helena" continued, in the ancient metres, until the appearance of " Faust." The results of this examination are in no respect complete or final.

II. The second division includes the letters to and from Goethe. These cover an extended period, — from his student days in Leipzig to his late Weimar days. New and unexpected materials are here presented. Of high value in determining the history of Goethe's life, and his relations to his family, are his letters to his sister Cornelia. Strehlke, in his catalogue of Goethe's letters, recently completed, says, " No single letter of Goethe to his sister or his father is known " ; but here we have a welcome collection of letters to his sister, the companion of his first triumph, whose loss he so greatly mourned. There are also letters to Behrisch in Dessau, the friend of his university days in Leipzig, from whom he parted with so much regret. There are also three letters written while an advocate in Frankfort, and thirty-eight letters to the Minister von Fritsch. The series of letters which will attract most attention are those to his wife, covering twenty-five years in an unbroken succession, from 1792 to her death in 1816. They are described as evincing a "constant ardor and sincerity of feeling, and to afford an irrefutable view of Goethe's domestic happiness. He communicates to her all the interests of his life, his poetic undertakings, visits, and moods, and shows a faithful interest in her domestic duties. He is always the kind, loving, attentive husband. Amid the xii

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excitements of his campaign in France, lie longs for his home, and, for his highest happiness, wishes his dear one with him in Verdun." There are a hundred and eighty letters from Goethe's mother, in one collection, and additional letters incorporated in the current correspondence of each year ; also, numerous letters, mostly notes, from Frau von Stein, serving to show the character of their later intercourse. There are letters of Frau von Grotthus, Frau von Eybenberg, Amalie von Imhof, and F. Caspers, and single remembrances from Lotte Buff (1798) and Lili Schonemann (1801).

Goethe's letters from the Grand Duke Carl August are preserved intact in the collection, and show how unsatisfactory the present edition is. This correspondence, edited by Dr. Vogel, was published in 1863 in an incomplete form. It had been withheld, owing to two expressions of Goethe, — one in a letter of November 17, 1787, from Eome : " Burn, I pray you, my letters at once, that they may be read by no one ; with this hope I can write more freely." Before his departure for Switzerland in 1797, he said: "I have burned all the letters sent to me since 1772, from a positive disinclination to the publication of the silent march of friendly intercourse.' ' His views afterward changed, and he published parts of his correspondence covering this period. The letters preserved in the Goethe archives show that the destruction of his correspondence was not so general as his language would imply. Of particular interest at the present time is the discovery of Carlyle's letters to the poet, and copies of Goethe's letters in reply.

The Schiller correspondence suffered from the arbitrary and capricious suppressions of its editors, and the fourth edition was necessary to give it in substantial correctness. .Even in its present form there is much to be desired. Goethe himself says that letters are the most valuable memorial of a man. His correspondence grew with his fame ; his interest extended to the most varied branches of literature, art, antiquities, and science ; and letters from scholars, poets, and artists multiplied

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xiii during the later period of his life. They present his relations to individuals, the growth of his opinions, his judgments of men and things, and the inception and progress of his works. Political events in Europe do not escape him. Discoveries, facts, and theories are mirrored in his all-reflecting mind ; the works of contemporary and past writers are estimated ; and thus his letters become a contribution to a knowledge of the literary history of his time.

III. The third division contains Goethe's diaries. These begin in 1776, before the first year of his residence in Weimar had passed, and extend to the 16th of March, 1832, but six days before his death. They present a rich material for estimating the poet's life, the existence of which was entirely unsuspected. Meagre and inaccurate extracts from certain portions had appeared, limited in range and time ; but the originals are presented here entire. There is, however, a blank between the years 1782 and 1796, interrupted by two brief beginnings in 1791 and 1793. These journals are at first short, condensed notices, which increase in fulness and richness of contents as his life advances. From 1817 they average nearly four volumes a year. Important events are recorded with great accuracy. Days like those which followed Schiller's death contain no entry. These diaries furnish means for determining the dates of Goethe's works, since little that the poet wrote went at once to the press. Many works were for years under his hand ; they were begun, discontinued, resumed, modified, and completed, and their final form differed greatly from the original plan.

The art collections are extensive, and of great interest. They contain plaster casts; original drawings of the old masters, Netherland art being especially represented; and even sketches of early Italian painters ; many drawings of personal friends, such as Tischbein, Meyer, Hackert, Kraaz, Angelica Kaufmann, and Kniep ; a rich collection of majolicas; Italian medals, two thousand in number, some of which are unique ; numerous plaques, two hundred Italian and German bronzes, xiv

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antiques, and a large number of engravings. To these general art collections have been added, by gift of the heirs at law (the families of Count Henckel von Donnersmark and the Vulpius family), the personal memorials of the poet, consisting of portraits, busts, medallions, and casts of the same. Among these are portraits of Goethe by Angelica Kaufmann and Tischbein, and also a graceful portrait, probably representing Christiane.

Two portraits of Goethe are given in our volume ; one representing him in youth, before the publication of any except his earliest works ; the other engraved from Kauch's bust, which was made in August, 1820, when Goethe was seventy-one. Both are interesting, and neither is much known in America, although reduced copies of the bust are common.

A partial bibliography of works relating to Goethe's youth will be found at the close of Professor White's lecture. We add here a more general, but still very incomplete bibliography, compiled by Mr. John Edmands of the Philadelphia Mercantile Library, for the benefit of the frequenters of that institution.

INTRODUCTION.

XV

BEADING NOTES ON GOETHE.

The following notes and references will be found pertinent, and will be useful to any who may wish to pursue a course of reading on these subjects : —

A. — "Woeks of Goethe.

^Autobiography ; or, Truth and Poetry, from my Life, edited by P.

Godwin. New York, 1846-47. 2 v.

VBride of Corinth, with Anster's Faust. Campaign in France, translated by E. Fairie. London, 1858. Same, in his Miscellaneous Travels, pp. 71-247. Correspondence between Schiller and Goethe from 1794-1805, edited by L. D. Schmitz. London, 1877. 2 v. ^Dramatic "Works ; comprising Faust, Iphigenia in Tauris, Torquato Tasso, Egmont, and Gotz von Berlichingen. London, 1851. Egmont ; a Tragedy in Five Acts. Boston, 1841. Elective Affinities. Boston, 1872.

Same, in Novels and Tales. Reviewed in Revue des Deux Mondes, C. 863.

Eleonora, with a Poetic Epistle from Werter to Charlotte. London, 1787.

Essays on Art, translated by S. G. Ward. New York, 1862. Faust, eine Tragodie. Stuttgart, 1867.

Faustus, a Dramatic Mystery ; the Bride of Corinth, the first Walpurgis Night, translated and illustrated with Notes by J. Anster. London, 1835.

Faust ; a Tragedy in Two Parts, translated by J. Birch, with engravings by Brain after Retsch. London, 1839.

Same, translated, with Notes, by C. T. Brooks. [Part I. only.] Boston, 1856.

Same, translated by L. Filmore. London, 1847.

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Same, translated into Verse by J. Galvan. Dublin, 1860.

Same, translated, with Notes, by A. Hayward. Boston, 1859. Part I. " Previous to Taylor's translation Hayward's prose rendering was the leading work consulted by scholars on account of its full notes and lengthy introduction." — Literary World, XII. 273.

Same, translated by T. Martin. Edinburgh, 1865. Reviewed in

North British Review. XLIV. 50.

Same, translated in Rime by C. Kegan Paul. London, 1873. Reviewed in Revue des Deux Mondes, CXLIII. 921. Same, translated into the Original Metres by Bayard Taylor. Boston, 1871. 2 v. Has a Preface and extended Notes. " Bayard Taylor's notes and comments are exhaustive, and must be consulted by any student of the subject who wishes to go to the bottom of disputed points. His translations are quoted even by the latest and best German commentators in proof of the meaning of doubtful passages." — Literary World, XII. 273. Same. The Text, with English Notes, Essays, and Verse Translations, by E. J. Turner. London, 1882. The First Part only, ame. Shelley's Translations of the Prologue in Heaven and of the May-day Night scene, may be found in his Poetical "Works. London, 1877. IV. 284.

Same. The Liberal. London, 1822. I. 121. Boyesen's Goethe and Schiller has a full and elaborate Commentary on the two parts of Faust, pp. 151-285. \/The original Faust-Legend may be found in Roscoe's German Novelists, I. 256.

Faust and Marguerite. V. 35.

German Emigrants in his Novels and Tales. Good Women in his Novels and Tales.

Gotz of Berlichingen, with the Iron Hand, an Historical Drama. Dublin, 1799.

Gbtz von Berlichingen in his Dramatic Works.

Herman and Dorothea, translated by Ellen Frothingham. Illustrated. Boston, 1870.

Same, translated into English Hexameters, with an Introductory Essay. London, 1849.

Same, translated by T. C. Porter. New York, 1854.

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xvii

Iphigenia in Tauris, translated by W. Taylor, in his Historic Survey of German Poetry. London, 1830. III. 249. Same in his Dramatic Works.

Margaret Fuller in her Life Without, p. 51, gives a sketch of this Drama, with Extracts.

Letters from Switzerland, in his Miscellaneous Travels, pp. 1-67.

Letters to Leipzig Friends, edited by 0. Jahu, translated by R. Slater. London, 1866.

Meister's Travels ; or, The Renunciants, a Novel. Boston, 1851.

Memoirs written by himself. New York, 1824.

The same as the Autobiography above, but another translation, and contains only fifteen of the twenty books. It contains biographical notices of the principal persons mentioned in the memoirs. "A most wretched and unfaithful translation." — Quarterly Review.

Minor Poetry, a Selection from his Songs, Ballads, and other lesser Poems, translated by W. G. Thomas. Philadelphia, 1859.

Miscellaneous Travels ; comprising Letters from Switzerland, the Campaign in France, the Siege of Mainz, and a Tour on the Rhine. London, 1882.

Novels and Tales : Elective Affinities, Sorrows of Werther, German Emigrants, Good Women. London, 1854.

Poems and Ballads, translated by Aytoun and Martin. New York, 1859.

Poems, translated in the Original Metres by Paul Dyrsen. New York, 1878.

Poems and Translations from the German, by C. R. Lambert. London, 1850. pp. 81-98.

Reynard the Fox. London, 1845.

Sammtliche Werke. Stuttgart, 1850. 30 v. in 18.

Schriften. Reutlinger, 1784. 2 v.

Select Minor Poems, translated by J. S. Dwight.

Select Poems, in Baskerville's Poetry of Germany. New York, 1857. Contains a number of Goethe's Poems in the original, with English verse translations on the opposite page.

Selections from Dramas, translated, with Introduction, by A. Swanwick. London, 1843.

Siege of Mainz, in his Miscellaneous Travels, pp. 251-287.

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Sorrows of Werter, translated by W. Bender. London, 1801. Stella : a Drama in Five Acts, translated by Benjamin Thompson.

German Theatre, Y. 6. London, 1801. Torquato Tasso, in his Dramatic Works.

A Tour on the Ehine, etc., in his Miscellaneous Travels, pp. 291- 424.

Truth and Poetry, same as the Autobiography above.

The First Walpurgis Night. (The English version by W. Bartholomew.) Compiled by Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy. Boston [no date].

Werther, Trad. nouv. et Notice biog. et litt. de L. Enault. Paris, 1855.

"West-Easterly Divan, translated, with Introduction and Notes, by J. Weiss. Boston, 1877. Reviewed in Blackwood, CXXXII. 742.

Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship. London, 1873. Reviewed by D. A. Wasson in Atlantic Monthly, p. 16.

B. — Works on Goethe.

De Stael, Madame. Goethe and his Dramas in her Germany. London, 1814. I. 265, II. 138.

Taylor, W. Review of Goethe's Works in his Historic Survey of German Poetry. London, 1830. III. 242-379. Contains a Translation of Iphigenia entire, and large portions of other works.

Carlyle, T. Death of Goethe, in his Criticisms and Miscellaneous Essays. London, 1872. IV. 42.

. Goethe in his Criticisms and Miscellaneous Essays. London, 1872. I. 172.

. Goethe's Works and Character, in his Criticisms and Miscellaneous Essays. Boston, 1838. I. 220.

. Goethe's Helena, in his Criticisms and Miscellaneous Essays.

. Goethe's Works, in his Criticisms and Miscellaneous Essays.

. Life of Schiller. New York, 1846. Describes the friendship between Goethe and Schiller, pp. Ill, 273.

INTRODUCTION.

xix

Ec Hermann, J. P. Conversations with Goethe in the Last Years of his Life, translated by S. M. Fuller [Ossoli]. Boston, 1839.

Menzel, W. Goethe, in his German Literature, translated by C. C. Felton. Boston, 1840. III. 1.

Austin, S. Characteristics of Goethe, from the German of Falk, von Miiller, &c, with Notes. Paris, 1841. 2 v.

Retsch, M. Illustrations of Goethe's Faust. London, 1843.

Characteristics of Men of Genius. Goethe. London, 1846.

Jeffrey, Francis. Goethe's Wilhelm Meister, in his Contributions to the Edinburgh Review. Paris, 1846. p. 104.

Ulrici, H. Goethe in Relation to Shakespeare, in his Shakespeare's Dramatic Art. London, 1846. p. 512.

Longfellow, H. W. Goethe, in his Hyperion. Boston, 1849. p. 155.

Moschzisker, F. A. Goethe, in his Guide to German Literature. London, 1850. II. 95-170.

Emerson, R. W. Goethe, or the Writer, in his Eepresentative Men. Boston, 1851. p. 209.

Doring, H. J. W. von Goethe's Biographic Jena, 1853.

Bancroft, G. The Age of Schiller and Goethe, in his Literary and Historical Miscellanies, p. 167. New York, 1855. Contains translations of several of Goethe's poems, p. 231.

Lewes, G. H. The Life and "Works of Goethe, with Sketches of his Age and Contemporaries. London, 1875. 2 v.

. Same. Boston, 1856. 2 v.

"Mr. Lewes' s main work was done a long time ago, when comparatively few of Goethe's letters were printed. And the revision mentioned in the Preface of 1875 was not a thorough, adequate revision." — T. W. Lyster.

Masson, David. Shakespeare and Goethe, and The Three Devils, Luther's, Milton's, and Goethe's, in his Essays, Biographical and Critical. Cambridge, 1856. pp. 453.

. The Three Devils. London, 1874. pp. 1-124.

Godwin, Parke. Goethe, in his Out of the Past, p. 341. New York, 1870.

Paris, 1857. XXI. 27.

Metcalfe, Frederick. Goethe, in his History of German Literature.

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INTRODUCTION.

Arnim, Bettine von. Goethe's Correspondence with a Child. Boston, 1859. For a review of this work, by M. E. W. Sherwood, see Atlantic Monthly, XXXI. 216.

Ossoli, Margaret Fuller. Goethe, in her Life Without and Life Within. Boston [1859]. p. 23.

De Quincey, T. Goethe, in his Biographical Essays. Boston, 1860. p. 227.

Heine, W. The Romantic School. New York, 1882. The chapter on " German Literature to the Death of Goethe," treats largely of Goethe and his relations to Herder, Lessing, the Schlegels, and others.

StefFens, H. Story of My Career. Boston, 1863. This book was subsequently issued as " German University Life."

Merivale, Herman. Voltaire, Eousseau, and Goethe, in his Historical Studies. London, 1865. p. 130.

Caro, E. La Philosophic de Goethe. Revue des Deux Mondes. Paris, 1865-66. LIX., LX. 147, 301, LXI. 623, LXII. 386.

Belani, W. C. R. Goethe und sein Liebeleben. Historischer Novellenkreis. Leipzig, 1866. 3 v.

Calvert, G. H. Weimar, in his First Year in Europe. Boston, 1866. pp. 165-198.

. Goethe : His Life and Works. An Essay. Boston, 1872.

. Goethe, in his Coleridge, Shelley, and Goethe. Boston,

Conway, M. D. A Hunt after Devils, in Harper's Magazine,

March, 1869. XXXYIII. 540. Contains notices of places and

incidents connected with Faust and with Goethe's house. Robinson, H. Crabb. Diary, Reminiscences, and Correspondence.

Boston, 1869. 2 v.

Blaze de Bury, H. Madame de Stein et Goethe. Revue des Deux

Mondes. Paris, 1870. LXXXYI. 900.

Konewka, Paul. Illustrations of Goethe's Faust. Boston, 1871.

Twelve silhouette designs with Taylor's translations. Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, K. Goethe and Mendelssohn (1821-1831),

translated, with additions, by M. E. von Glehn. London, 1872. Mezieres, A. Une Page de la Yie de Goethe. Ses Affinites Elec-

tives. Revue des Deux Mondes. Paris, 1872.

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xxi

Gostwick, James, and E. Harrison. Outlines of German Literature.

Helmholtz, H. On Goethe's Scientific Researches, in his Popular

Lectures on Scientific Subjects. 1st ed. London, 1873. pp.

33-59.

. Ueber Goethe's naturwissenschaftliche Arbeiten, in his

Phelps, Almira L. Life and Writings of Goethe, in her Reviews and Essays. Philadelphia, 1873. p. 180.

Lazarus, Emma. Alide : an Episode of Goethe's Life. Philadelphia, 1874.

Hutton, R. H. Goethe and His Influence, in his Essays in Literary Criticism. Philadelphia, 1876. pp. 1-97.

Sime, James. Lessing. Boston, 1877. 2 v. Exhibits the literary relation of Goethe and Lessing, with the latter's criticisms on Goethe's Works.

Hay ward, A. Goethe, in Foreign Classics for English Readers.

Philadelphia [London, 1878].

Arnold, M. A French Critic on Goethe, in his Mixed Essays.

New York, 1879. p. 274.

Barine, Arvide. La Legende de Faust. Revue des Deux Mondes.

Boyesen, H. H. Goethe and Schiller : their Lives and Works,

including a Commentary on Faust. New York, 1879. Browning, Oscar. Goethe, in Encyclopaedia Britannica. 9th ed.

London, 1879. X. 721. Contains an extended list of German

authorities on Goethe.

Taylor, Bayard. Goethe, and Goethe's Faust, in his Studies in

German Literature. New York, 1879. pp. 304-387. Goethe, Catherine E. (Goethe's mother). Correspondence with