Handbook of athletic games for players, instructors, and spectators, comprising fifteen major ball games, track and field athletics and rowing races

Front matter

Class.

Book^ iaXioi

CopyrightN"

Table Of Contents

PAGE

PREFACE . V

ORGANIZED ATHLETICS — Definition of athletic games

Part I Ball Games

FIELD — Infield or diamond — Bases — Batter's box — Pitcher's plate — Catcher's place — Backstop — Foul lines — Three-foot Hne — Coachers' lines — Players'

"benches 33

TEAMS: INNINGS 36

BATSMAN — Batting order — Batter's place — Batter's form in play — Batsman's duties in general — Strikes and balls

— Batting — Summary of rules for batsman — The batter is out — The batter is given first base without interference

— The batter is given a home run 38

xi xii Table of Contents

PAGE

BASE RUNNER— Runner for first base — Runners for second, third, and fourth bases — The base runner may return to his base without being put out — The base runner must return to his base, and may be put out — Coaching —

Signals 44

COACHERS .51

PITCHER — In general — Skill — Rules for the pitcher . .51 CATCHER — Place and duties — Catching balls — Catcher as fielder — Catcher's return of the ball — Catcher becomes baseman for home base — Catcher's signals ... 54 BASEMEN — In general — First baseman — Second baseman —

Third baseman 57

THE SHORTSTOP , . . .60

FIELDERS — Fielder's place — Ground covered — Fielder's

catching — Fielder's throwing .61

SCORE — General — As batsman — In the field — Summary

of score -T- Method of keeping score . .... 64

OFFICIALS— Umpire— Score keeper 70

MATCH GAMES . 72

OUTFIT — Ball — Bat — Base plates and bags — Dress . . 73

GLOSSARY , n

COURT— Side and end lines — Goals — Free throw line —

Free throw lane — Center circle ..... 88

TEAMS — Forwards — Guards — Center — Substitutes —

Numbers 91

THE GAME— Choice of goals — Putting the ball in play — Passing and advancing the ball — Throwing for goal — ■ Penalty for fouls ; free throws — Axioms — Out of bounds 93

FOULS AND PENALTIES: CLASSIFIED LIST— Methods of playing ball — Methods between players — Throwing for goal — Player or ball out of bounds — Time, delay, lateness , . . 102

Table of Contents

Xlll

MATCH GAMES

OFFICIALS — Referee — Umpire — Timekeeper - OUTFIT — The ball — Baskets or goals — Dress

• Captains

COURT — Dimensions — Field lines — Goals — Free throw

line — Free throw lane — Center circle .... 118 TEAMS — Substitute — Choice of goals .... 120, 121 THE GAME— Putting the ball in play — Passing and advancing the ball — Throwing for goal — Free throws ; penalty for fouls — Out of bounds ..... 122 FOULS AND PENALTIES: CLASSIFIED LIST— Methods of playing ball — Methods between players — Throwing for goal — Player or ball out of bounds — Time, delay, lateness SCORE .

OFFICLA.LS OUTFIT .

HISTORY BIBLIOGRAPHY GLOSSARY .

FIELD — Dimensions and lines — Striking circle — Goals —

Net — Flags 144

TEAMS — Forwards — Inside right and left — Right and left

wings — Half backs — Full backs. — Goal keeper . . 145 xiv Table of Contents

PAGE

THE GAME — Choice of goals — Bully-off — General directions and rules of play — Rules for the stick — Rules for players — Offside play — Methods of playing the ball — Roll in — Advancing the ball — Dribbling — Passing — • Intercepting the ball 150

PENALTIES FOR FOULS — Free hit — Penalty bully —

Corner — Penalty corner — Penalty goal .... 157

CLASSIFIED FOULS AND PENALTIES — Players — Personal interference ^ Obstructing a player — Offside play

— Rough play — Ball — Manner of playing ball — Roll-in

— Ball sent behind goal line — Fouls made in penalty shots — Breaking rules for free hit — For penalty bully —

For corner hit — For penalty corner . .... 161

SCORE— Match games 164

OFFICIALS — Umpires — Linesmen — Captains . . . 166 OUTFIT — Goals — Flags — Sticks — Finger protectors —

Ball — Gloves — Shoes — Shin guards — Dress for women 168

FOOTBALL

FOOTBALL — Different games 175,177

THE FIELD — Dimensions and lines -^ Goal . . . 186

TEAMS — The various positions — Center — Guard — Tackle

— End — Quarter back — Half backs — Full back . . 187 THE GAME — Start — Kick-off — Scrimmage formation and rules — Ball put in play by snapper-back — Snap-back — Advancing the ball — After a kick-off — After a snap-

Table of Contents xv

PAGE back — Forward pass — Running and tackling — Methods of playing the ball — Batting — Kicking — Place kick — Drop kick — Punt — Fair catch — Ways of making a goal and of scoring — Touchdown — Goal from touchdown — Punt-out — Goal kicked from field — Touchback — Safety 192

OFFICIALS — Referee — Umpire — Linesman . . .212 OUTFIT— Ball — Dress . . . ... . . .216

GOLF

THE COURSE OR LINKS— Tees — Through the green — Fair green — Hazards — The rough — Holes : Putting green 226

CLUBS — Driver — Brassy — Cleek — Mid-iron — Mashie —

Niblick — Putter 228

FORM — Grip of Clubs — Stance — Addressing the ball — Strokes; definition of; kinds of; rules for — Penalty stroke 230

DIFFERENT KINDS OF GAMES— Matches or competition — Match play — Stroke competition or medal play — Partners and opponents — Single or twosome — Threesome — Foursome — Thdree-ball match — Four-ball match — Best ball match — Bogey competition .... 234

PRECEDENCE ON THE LINKS — The honor : at the first tee — In successive matches — In a threesome or foursome — In best-ball and four-ball matches — The honor at second and successive tees — Order of individual play through the green — Playing out of turn .... 236

PUTTING THE BALL IN PLAY: SUMMARY — Ball

teed; dropped; placed; re-teed 239 xvi Table of Contents

PAGE

DETAIL : TEEING OFF— Rules for— If played from outside

teeing ground — If ball falls off tee — Ball hit out of bounds 240 PLAYING THROUGH THE GREEN — The approach . 242 PUTTING OR HOLING OUT— Rules for— Ball considered to have been holed out — Order of play on putting green — Play in opponent's turn — Play on opponent's ball — Interference of balls — '' Stymie " — Balls within six inches of each other — If player's ball moves competitor's

ball — Ball knocked into hole 242

Assistance in hoHng out — Direction of hole may be pointed out — Flag stick maybe left in the hole — Line of putt may not be marked — Loose impediments may be removed — Casual water on putting

green 246

SCORE — In match play — In stroke competition — A tie — Score to be called — Score cards — Players may not waive rules or penalties . . . . . . . . 248

GENERAL RULES FOR PLAYING THE BALL THAT APPLY TO ALL PARTS OF THE GAME : The He of the ball — If hidden — Covered in sand . . 252 Loose impediments — Definition of — When they may be

moved 253

Obstacles that may be removed — List of — When ball

may be lifted . 253

Casual water — Definition of — Ball lost or lying in or near 254

Hazards — Rules for 254

Water hazards — Ball to be played — Ball lost in . . 256 Moving the ball ; Playing or interfering with ball in motion — Rules for — To move a ball in addressing it — If ball at rest be moved by opponent — By his ball — On putting green — In threesomes, foursomes, etc. — If ball hit a player — Lodge in moving vehicle 257

Ball may be lifted 257

Playing wrong balls — Through the green and in hazards

— On the putting green ,.,.,, 260

Table of Contents xvii

PAGE

Lost balls — Definition of — In match play — In stroke competition — If lost in water — If lost out of bounds

— If lost ball found later 261

Advice and information — Player may not ask or receive

— General direction may be asked — May ask for opponents' score — May ascertain if opponent's ball

is out of bounds ........ 262

OFFICIALS — Committee in charge of competition — Umpire — Referee ......... 263

OUTFIT — Balls — Clubs — Caddie bags — Shoes — Hole

rims — Flags and disks 263

COURT — Indoor — Dimensions — Ace line — Inner line —

Tell board — Outdoor courts ...... 275

BALLS 276

HITTING THE BALL . . . . .277

THE GAME— Singles — Start — Serving— Receiving . 277

General rules and points of play — Hinders — Fouls . 279

OFFICIALS— Referee — Scorer ...... 281

OUTFIT— Ball — Dress 282

FIELD — Dimensions — Goalposts — Goal net , . . 288 xviii Table of Contents

PAGE

TEAMS — Number and position of players — Substitutes — Duties of players — Goal keeper — Point — Cover point

Forwards — Captain 289

THE GAME — Start — General rules and points of play —

FOULS— Sticks — Players — Puck— Penalties . ' . .300

SCORE — Ties .301

MATCH AND CHAMPIONSHIP GAMES .302

OFFICIALS — Referee ~ Umpires — Timekeepers — Penalty

timekeeper — Captains . . . . . . . 303

OUTFIT — Goals — Nets — Sticks — Puck — Skates —

Gloves — Leg and shin guards 308

FIELD — Infield or diamond — Bases — Pitcher's box — Foul

TEAMS — Innings .320

BATSMAN — Batting order — Batsman's place — Batsman's

duties in general — Strikes and balls — Fair and foul hits — 321 Summary of rules for batsman — Batsman should run for first base — Batsman is out — Entitled to first base without interference 324

BASE RUNNER — In general — Rules for base running : Runner for first base — Runners for second, third, and fourth bases — Three-foot limit — Overrunning bases — Runners may start — Forced run — Stealing bases — A runner must return — Base runner is out — Entitled to a

base — Coaching 326

COACHERS 332

THE TEAM IN THE FIELD: PITCHER— Duties in general — Summary of rules for pitcher — Pitcher's place — The throw — Strikes and balls 333

Table of Contents xix

PAGE

FIELDERS — Rules for fielders 336

CATCHER 337

SCORE — Tie or drawn game — Records — For each pitcher

OFFICIALS — Umpires— Score keeper 341

MATCH GAMES 342

OUTFIT — Ball — Bat — Bases — Home plate — Dress . . 342

FIELD — Dimensions — Goals — Net — Goal crease — Center

circle 349

TEAMS — Number and names of positions-^ Covering — General function of players — Detail duties; Goal keeper — Inside home — Outside home — First, second, and third attacks — Center — Point — Cover point — First, second, and third defense — Substitutes, at the opening of the game — During a game ....... 351

THE GAME — Choice of goals — Formation of line-up — The start — Facing the ball — Facing after a foul — After out of bounds — After ball lodging ...... 356

RULES AND POINTS OF PLAY— Mode of playing the ball — Interference with opponents — Checking — Body-checking — Blocking 358

FOULS AND PENALTIES: SUMMARY OF FOULS — The Crosse and its use — Personal interference — Blocking — Players — Ball — Penalty and procedure for fouls — Free throw .......... 360

SCORE — Time — Change of goals — Goal score — Tie games 360

OFFICIALS — Referee — Umpires — Timekeepers — Field

captains 364

OUTFIT— Crosse — Ball — Goals — Net — Dress. . . 369

XX Table of Contents

PAGE

COURT — Dimensions and lines — Net — Backstop . . 380 THE GAME — Varieties of; singles, doubles, three-handed

— Singles — The court — Choice of court or service —

The server — The striker-out 382

FAULTS; LETS; FORFEITED STROKES — Explanation

of — Summary of faults — Summary of lets — Loss of stroke 387 DOUBLES: FOUR-HANDED GAME— Court — Choice of

court or service — The serve — Return of ball . . . 389

THREE-HANDED GAME 393

FORM IN PLAY .393

MATCH GAMES — Handicaps . . . . . .397

OFFICIALS— Referee — Umpire— Linesmen . . .398 OUTFIT — Ball — Racket — Racket presses — Markers and

tape — Net — Posts — Backstops — Dress . . . 400

FIELD — Dimensions and lines — Goal 409

TEAMS — Substitutes — Formation of players — Eligibility . 410 THE GAME — Choice of ends — Putting ball in play — Start — Knock-in — Safety — Out of bounds — Time — Method of playing the ball — Fouls and their penalties — Summary of fouls for Riding ; Ponies ; Players ; Playing the

ball — Accidents 412

SCORE — Goals — Fouls — Safety — Ties — Game interrupted 419

Table of Contents xxi

PAGE

OFFICIALS — Referee — Timer — Scorer — Goal judges —

Field captains ......... 420

PONIES 423

OUTFIT — Balls — Mallets (sticks) — Goals — Dress . . 424

GENERAL EXPLANATION 427, 429

FIELD — Dimensions and lines — Flags — Goals — Net — Goal area — Penalty area — Penalty kick mark — Corner kick

area 429

THE GAME — Teams— Choice of sides— Start— Kick-off — Advancing the ball — Making a goal — Goal kick — Corner kick — Time — Score ...... 432

METHODS OF PLAYING THE BALL— Place kick —

Free kicks — -Throw in — Dropped by referee . . . 437 METHODS AND RULES FOR PLAYERS — Using hands,

tripping, charging, etc. — Offside and onside play . . 438 SUMMARY OF FOULS AND PENALTIES . .443

OFFICIALS — Referee — Linesmen 444

OUTFIT — Ball — Goal net — Flags — Dress . . . .446

GLOSSARY (See Intercollegiate Football) . . . .447

THE COURT— In general — Back wall line — Detail measurements — Telltale — Wall service line — Center line — Floor service line 452

THE. GAME — Choice of serve — Service: hard-in — Returning the ball, or hand-out ...... 454

GENERAL RULES AND POINTS OF PLAY — Playing

the ball — Let 456 xxii Table of Contents

PAGE

OUTFIT — Balls — Racket— Dress . ...» 458

COURT— Boundary lines — Net . . . . . .463

TEAMS — Places — Rotation — Substitutes — Players on time 464 THE GAME — Choice of courts or service — Service . . 465

RULES 467

PENALTIES 468

OFFICIALS — Referee — Linesmen 468

OUTFIT— The ball — Net — Movable standards . . .469 BIBLIOGRAPHY . 470