History of Sacramento County, California

Preface

What is termed "history" is made up of several factors, which sometimes move concurrently and sometimes are divergent. There are manv matters of record, which of course are not disputable, but in the recital of which the narrative is tinctured by the opinions or prejudices of the narrator or the historian or of the source of his information. Tradition and personal recollection play another large part in history, and things that are accepted for decades and even for centuries as facts become in the course of time a matter of dispute and even of rejection. The path of the historian therefore is not one of roses. If he be wise he will as far as possible submit each statement to the test of scrutiny and comparison and hold fast to that which he considers as proven, or if he does not reject it, state that the matter is not fully authenticated.

Had the writer been far-seeing, when he came to California in 1874, he would have jotted down the ])ersonal recollections and experience's of a large number of the pioneers with whom he became acquainted and who were then in the prime of a vigorous life and with a vivid recollection of what they had passed through and of the^ conditions thev found prevailing here when they arrived. Some of these men came as early as 1846 before the discovery of gold, and he has listened for hours to their tales of adventure and experience, but did not at that time realize that the lips that recited them would one day be stilled in death and many important matters connected with the early history of the state would be luiried in oblivion. A book embodying these recollections would have been a most fascinating work, for a glamour alwavs hangs over the history of the days of the Argonauts that seems to grow in interest as time progresses. Many of these reminiscences were probably tinged with romance, but that hardlv lessened their interest.

In the compilation of this volume the writer has endeavored to present facts collated by him, without bias or prejudice, and as nearly authenticated as possible. Perhaps some statements may provoke (>riticism from those who hold a different point of view, or who have received information conflicting with them; and it would be too much to expect that the book would be entirely free from faults or defects, but he can trulv sav that he has done his best with the resources at his command and sifted the evidence to the best of his ability, and can onlv ask the indulgence of the public with regard to his shortcomings.

In the compilation of this work, the author has consulted a number of authorities, and had the valuable assistance of a number of persons in collecting data. The works of Dr. Morse, Thompson and West, and Winfield J. Davis have been drawn upon freely, as have those of other authorities. To Hon. W. A. Anderson he is indebted for the valuable chapter on ''The Bench and Bar," and other reminiscences, and to E. B. Willis, N. E. White, J. A. Woodson and others for suggestions and information. In a work of this kind it is impossible to incorporate all incidents, however interesting to the parties concerned, and where it has not been practicable to secure accurate data, some things have been omitted, rather than run the risk of incorrect statement. He therefore trusts that the public will accept the work in the spirit in which it was written.

W. L. Willis.

Contents

Introductory

Sacramento the Peer of any County in California— Her Part in History of State Important— A Second Valley of the Nile— Splendid Soil Sprinkled with Gold Dust— Great Crops Shipped Abroad— Here Began Real History of California— Hither Came Argonauts of 1849— Deer and Antelope Then to be Seen— Wild Oats Taller Than Man's Head— Sparsely Settled Plains- Remarkable Transformation Made by Citizens.

City and County Elections

CHAPTER I Sacramento County

Location— Tonnage on River— Fertility of Soil— Growing of Fruit— Soil and Streams— Necessity of Levees— Water Available for Factories— Raising of Wheat Superseded by Horticulture— Asparagus and Celery Profitable on Tule Lands— Old Spanish Grants— Present Property Valuations— The Capital City a Place of Beauty— Many Attractions for Visitors— Steam and Electric Railroads Increasing in Number.

CHAPTER II Mining

Discovery of Gold— Early Process of Mining with Shovel and Pick— Latest Methods of Dredging— Shall Dredger Mining be Regulated by State- Hydraulic Process Opposed by Orchardists— Finally Prohibited by Legislature.

CHAPTER III Climate

Snow Never Seen Except upon Distant Sierras— Temperature Compared with Southern Italy and Los Angeles— Cherries Usually Blossom in February and Ripen in April— Average Rainfall— Sunstroke Unknown— Summer Evenings Delightful— Oranges Shipped Earlier than in Southern California- Sacramento Rainfall Monthly, Seasonal and Annual from 1849 to 191^— Sacramento Temperature Average Since 1878— Relative Humidity— Percentage of Sunstroke— Extreme Temperatures— Extremes of Wind.

Chapter IV

Gen. John A. Sutter - ^^

Early Life— Travels in West— Agreement with Governor Alvarado— Settlement on the American River in 1839— Proximity to Digger Indians— Declared a Mexican Citizen in 1841— Given a Grant to New Helvetia— American Mag Hoisted In 1846— Kindness to the Immigrants— Heavy Losses by Desertion of Laborers and by Thefts— Tardy Recognition of His Services by State.

CHAPTER V The Fort Restored

First Effort at Restoration— Public-Spirited Work of General Martine— Enterprise Promoted by Native Sons— Pioneers Also Active in Work— Present Condition of Fort.

CHAPTER VI The Discovery of Gold

Early Explorers Referred to Presence of Gold— Cause of Immigration of Mormons to West— Settlement on Mormon Island— Gold Mined There- Other Reports from Explorers— Marshall's Discovery Accidental— His Later Life— The Results of the Discovery— First White Child Born in California.

Chapter VII Contents

Charter Granted ISol^Date of Elections — Amount of Salaries — Tax for Support of Free Schools — Consolidation of City and County Government — Repeal of First Act — Adoption of New Charter — Horace Smith Second Mayor — Later Elections.

CHAPTER VIII Tpie Squatter Riot 49

Cause of the Trouble — History of the Affair — Leading Participants in the Riot.

CHAPTER IX First Things 55

First Mail Received in Sacramento — First Directory — First Prison Brig — First Store at Sutter's Fort — First Census — First Paper — First Banquet — First Rail — First Railroad — First Agricultural Association — First Frame and First Brick Houses in Sacramento — First Fire Department — First Street Cars — First Court House — First Criminal Trial.

CHAPTER X The Revolution 61

Conditions Culminating in the Revolution — The Bear Flag Party — Ide's Proclamation— Making of the First Bear Flag— American Flag Hoisted at Monterey.

CHAPTER XI In the Beginning .'. _ 65

Founding of Sutterville— ^Eclipsed by Sacramento — Description of City by Bayard Taylor— Freighting to the Mines— High Cost of Living— Commis- • sioners Elected— Gaming Prevalent— Influence of Clergymen Beneficial- Organization of City Government — Burdens of Early Councils — Sufferings of Penniless Newcomers — Odd Fellows and Masons Prompt to Relieve Destitution — .January Flood of 1850— Admission of California to the Union— Epidemic of Cholera — Disasters Overcome by People.

CHAPTER XII Political gi

Democratic Convention of 1854— Dissention and Dispute— Mass Meeting of Republicans— State Convention of New Party— The Spittoon Convention- Governor Foote of Mississippi Prominent in Public Life.

CHAPTER XIII County Govkrnment , g-j

Organization of County in 1850— Its Boundaries— Elections— Officers.

CHAPTER XIV City Officers !)7

List of City Officials from 1849— Mayor Wounded in Squatter Riot— City and County Consolidated from 1858 to 1862— City Governed by Board of Trustees (3) from 1863 to 1894— New Charter Adopted in 1894— Trustees Increased to Nine.

CHAPTER XV Floods 105

Reclamation of River Lands Costly— Efforts of Aborigines to Provide Safety from Floods— Overflow of 1850— Levee Hurriedly Built by Biglow— Flood of 1852- Optimism of People— Flood of 1853 Less Destructive— Heavy Misfortunes Attending Flood of 1861— Another Flood Early in 1862— J and K Streets Raised for Protection Against Floods— Last Flood of Any Consequence in 1904.

CHAPTER XVI Sacramento County Senators HT

Changes in Districts— .John Bidwell Elected Senator in 1849— Republican Nominee for Governor in 1875— Prohibition Nominee for Governor in 1890 and for President in 1892— Elisha O. Crosby a Senator in 1849— Henry E Robinson a Prominent Pioneer Legislator— Bequeathed Large Sum to" the Poor of San Francisco— Ferguson Senator in 1856-58— Other Pioneer Legis-

CONTENTS V 1 1

lators— Curtis Senator Three Terms and Assemblyman One Term— Creed Raymond Senator 1875-78— Pioneer Orchardist, Joseph Routier, a Senator in 1883-85— The Popular Judge, Elijah C. Hart, Elected Senator in 1893— Gillis Doty Elected in 1897— The Pioneer Physician, J. C. McKee, Elected in 1905— Charles B. Bills Chosen in 1909.

CHAPTER XVII Sacramento County Assemblymen 122

Cornwall Elected to Assembly in 1849— A Pioneer of 1848 in Sacramento- Assemblyman Henley a Pioneer Banker— McKinstry Later Justice of the Supreme Court— Assemblyman Bigler Later Elected Governor of California- Charles Robinson Later Governor of Kansas— Assemblyman J. Neely Johnson Governor of California in 1855— Other Influential Men m Assembly—Contested Election of Charles Buncombe- Charles Crocker an Assemblyman in 1861- Stephens a Member in 1869— Clunie, Member in 1875, Afterward Congressman— Judge Anderson Assemblyman in 1893— Recent Representation in Assembly.

CHAPTER XVIII California State Library

First Steps Toward Library— Gradual Development— Seven Departments- Books for the Sightless Sent Throughout the State— County Libraries of Great Helpfulness.

CHAPTER XIX City Free Library

Association Organized in 1857— Building Erected in 1872— Turned Over to City— Leading Papers on File— Books Increasing in Number— Library Supported by Public Tax— Residents of Entire County Given Library Privileges- Librarian Has Management of Institution.

.132

.133

.135

.137

CHAPTER XX Government Offices

Sacramento Postoflice— Facilities Always Less Than Needs— City Delivery Service— Rural Service— United States Land Oflice— Internal Revenue Office— United States Weather Bureau Station.

CHAPTER XXI Charit.vble Institutions

Need of Relief for Early Emigrants— First Organized Relief Instituted by Odd Fellows— Hospital Built in 1850 by Masons and Odd Fellows— Other Pioneer Hospitals— First Public Hospital— County Physicians— Southern Pacific Hospital— Protestant Orphan Asylum— The Marguerite Home— Other Hospitals— Mater Misericordiae Hospital— Wentworth-Igo Hospital— ^} hite Hospital— Home of the Merciful Saviour— Howard Benevolent Association- Catholic Ladies' Relief Society No. 1— The Young Men's Christian Association — Cemeteries.

CHAPTER XXII The Press

Monterey Californian First Newspaper of California— California Star Second Newspaper— Two Papers United in 1848— Pacific News the Third Newspaper — Alta California Started in 1849— Sacramento Transcript Started in 1850— First Dailv Outside of San Francisco— Consolidated with Placer Times- Removed to San Francisco— Absorbed into the Alta California— Settlers and Miners Tribune— Sacramento Index— Sacramento Daily Union— Launched in 1851_Weekly Started in 1852— Consolidation of Union and Record— Sunday Edition Added— Many Expensive Improvements in Union Plant— Democratic State Journal— Brief Life of a Baptist Paper— California Statesman— Other Early Sheets— State Tribune Appeared in 1855-56— Daily Morning Bee Born February 3, 1857— Wide Influence of Paper— Many Sheets of Brief Lite— Sunday Leader First Appeared in 1875— Occidental Medical Times Started as Sacramento Medical Times in 1887— Nord California Herold (German) an Influential Paper in its Field— Folsom Telegraph an Old and Proniinent Journal— Gait Gazette in Southern End of County— The Sunday News Begun in 1893— Now Widely Read a^d Influential— Tlie Sacramento Star of Modern Inception and Growing Prosperity.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER XXIII Educational Matters 165

Schools Have Shown Steady Growth — School in Sacramento in Summer of 1849 — C. T. H. Palmer Taught in August — Rev. J. A. Benton His Successor in October — First Public School Opened February 20, 1854 — Attendance Increased Rapidly — City Schools First Controlled by Assessor — Accommodations Insufficient — Colored Schools Apportioned Funds in 1856 — Enrollment of One Thousand in All Schools in 1860 — Twelve Hundred Pupils in 1864 — Fourteen Schools and Fifteen Hundred Pupils in 1866 — School Library Started in 1867— Twenty-two Hundred Pupils and Seventeen Schools by End of 1869— Thirty-four Hundred Pupils Enrolled in 1880— Later Boards — The High School — The Colored Pupils — Other Items — Sacramento Business College.

CHAPTER XXIV Railroads 182

First Railroad in State — Previous Attempts — Judah the First to Demonstrate Feasibility of Sierra Nevada Route — Convention Held in 1859 — Judah Sent to Washington to Promote Railroad Enterprise — More Thorough Surveys with Barometer — Judah Discouraged by San Francisco Capitalists — Stock Largely Subscribed by Sacramento Citizens — Topographical Features of the Sierras — Government Assistance to Railroad- — Donation by California — Ability of Originators of Movement — First Train Schedule — Celebration at Shoveling of First Dirt — Equipment for Road — Difficulties Many — Courage of Promoters Undaunted — Last Spike Driven — Western Pacific Railroad Company — Other Important Roads — Enthusiasm on Entrance of California Pacific in Sacramento — The Sacramento Valley Railroad — Various Railroad Enterprises — Southern Pacific Shops — First Shop Erected in 1863 — Magnitude of Present Plant — Electric Roads.

CHAPTER XXV Navigation 201

Sacramento River First Medium of Transportation— -Immense Amount of Traffic on the River — Red Bluff the Head of Navigation — Russians the First to Navigate the River — Crowning Success with Sailing Vessels in Trip of the Whiton — Little Sitka the First Steamboat on the River — ^Voyage of the Steamer New World — Twenty-eight Steamers on River in 1850 — California Steam Navigation Company Organized in 1854 — Bought in 1869 by Central Pacific — Sacramento Wood Company — Sacramento Transportation Company — California Transportation Company — Farmers Transportation Company — Explosions Frequent in Early Days — Yolo Bridges.

CHAPTER XXVI Local Judiciary and Attorneys 211

Common Law Established in Sacramento — Alcaldes and Justices of the Peace — Superior Tribunal and Courts of First Instance — Court of Sessions Created in 1850— Early Courts Superseded by Superior Court — Jurists Identified with County — Deceased Attorneys of County — Attorneys Now Practicing in Sacramento.

CliAPTER XXVII

Members ok the Bar .219

Early Lawyers Eminent in Public Affairs — E. B. Crocker Supreme Court Justice and Founder of Crocker Art Gallery — Governor Johnson— Chief Justice W. H. Beatty — United States Senator Cornelius Cole — Col. E. D. Baker Killed in Civil War — H. W. Halleck Commander-in-Chief of Union Army- Col. E. J. C. Kewen Financial Agent for the Noted William Walker— J. C. Zabriskie the First City Attorney — Frank D. Ryan, A Native Son, One of Sacramento's Finest Lawyers— The Name of George Cadwalader Prominent in Supreme Court Reports — Successful Career of A. C. Freeman — Peter H. Burnett the First Governor of California— TTie Genius of Albert M. Johnson — Judge Catlin Influential in Securing State Capitol for Sacramento^ Henry Edgerton, Orator, Statesman, Lawyer — Remembered Now by Few — Never Attained the Goal of His Ambition — A Pioneer of 1853 — Prosecuting Attorney of Napa County — Orator at Reception of General Grant— Presidential Elector — State Senator— N. Greene Curtis a Pioneer of 1850 from Tennessee — True to Union in Civil War, Senator Several Terms — Counsel in Many Important Cases — James W. Coffroth, Senator from Old Tuolumne —

CONTENTS i x

Fond of Humor — Helpful to Young Lawyers — John H. McKune a Factor in Constructing Law and Ethics of California — ^A Pioneer of Sacramento- Land Commissioner, State Assemblyman, District Judge and Code Commissioner — Newton Booth, Governor of State — Entertained Many Famous Guests — William A. Anderson — Success Reached by Sterling Qualities of Mind and Heart — Resident of Sacramento from 1849 — City Attorney, Assemblyman and Police Judge.

CHAPTER XXVIII Fraternal Societies - 246

Masons Among Early Trappers in West — Peter Lassen the First Masonic Missionary — Connecticut No. 75 the First Lodge in Sacramento — Grand Lodge of California Organized in 1850— Present Lodges of City— Chapter, Council, Commandery and Scottish Rite — Eastern Star — Colored Lodges — Lodges of Odd Fellows — Encampment, Grand Canton and Sovereign Grand Lodge — Rebekahs— Knights of Pythias— L O. R. M.— A. O. U. W.— U. A. O. D.— N. S. G. W.— K. of H. — Y. M. I. — Hebrew Benevolent Association — Sons of Veterans — Other Organizations.

CHAPTER XXIX. Criminal Records ...::-— - - - 264

The Fate of Roe — First Lynching in Sacramento — Robbery and Grand Larceny Punishable with Death in Early Days— Chinaman Hanged for Murder of His Wife— Other Executions— Unknown Fate of William Wells — Quick Justice for Murder of Sailor— Killing of Officer Scott— Mysterious Murder of a Rancher on Grand Island — Grocer and Wife Murdered— Escape of Convicts — A Later Attempt Foiled — A Sicilian Murder.

CHAPTER XXX The Great Railroad Strike -■- ...279

Disastrous Results of Strike of 1894— Begun in Pullman Near Chicago-- Extended to Coast — Baggage and Freight and Mail Delayed — Troops Ordered Out— Incidents of the 4th of July— Troops Camped in Capitol Park on 5th of July — More Soldiers on the 11th — Train Wrecked and Several Killed — Revulsion of Feeling — Trial of Wreckers.

CHAPTER XXXI The Churches 291

Grace Episcopal the First Church in Sacramento — Organization and History — Foreclosure of Mortgage in 1877 — Organization of St. Paul's — Present Stone Edifice — Other Episcopal Churches— Roman Catholic Organizations — Majestic Cathedral the Most Spacious Church in California— First Congregational Church— Presbyterian Churches— Methodist Episcopal Activities Started by "Father" Owen— German Evangelical Lutheran Organized in 1867 — Handsome Edifice of Scientists — Other Denominations and Their Useful Services to the Community.

.308

CHAPTER XXXII Reminiscences

Railroad Building in Early Days — Experiences of James G. Patterson — Experiences of McConnell as Storekeeper — The Great Ball of 1849 — Refreshments Unique — Interesting Incidents at the Ball.

CHAPTER XXXIII Township History -' 317

Township Alabama — American— Brighton — Center— Cosumnes — Dry Creek — Franklin — Georgiana — Lee — Mississippi — Natoma — San Joaquin — Sutter — Riverside— Granite— Origin of Local Names — Levees — Funded Debt.

CHAPTER XXXIV Capital and Capitol '^■^^

Constitutional Convention of 1849— Election of Senators, Assemblymen and Two Congressmen in 1849— First Legislature at San Jose— Gwin and Fremont First United States Senators — Proclamation of General Riley — Seat of State Government at San Jose and Then at Vallejo— Removed to Sacramento January 12, 1852 — Legal Technicalities Involved in Removal of Capital — All Sessions in Sacramento Since 1854 Excepting That of 1862— Later Attempts to

CONTENTS

Remove Capital — Building of Capitol — Total of Ten Blocks in Capitol Park — Most Attractive Grounds of Any Capitol Park — Group of Statuary — Trees and Shrubbery of Every Kind — Grand Army Plat with Trees from Battlefields of Civil War — Sacramento's Contribution to the List of Governors.

CHAPTER XXXV TiiK Military 36-1

State Militia Organized in 1850— Four Divisions and Eight Brigades — • Changed in 18r>2 to Seven Districts — Six Divisions and Twelve Brigades Created in 1855 — One Division and Six Brigades in 1862 — Successive Brigadier-Generals — Fourth Regiment — Sutter Rifle Corps — Sacramento Guards — Young Men's Pioneer Guard — Sacramento Cadets — Independent City Guard — Sacramento Hussars — Other Companies — Grand Army of the Republic — Spanish War Veterans.

CHAPTER XXXVI Fire Department 373

Organized in 1850— Fires of That Year— Great Fire of 1853— Catastrophe of 1854 — Loss of Western Hotel in 1875 — Other Fires — First Fire Company in State — Mutual Hook and Ladder Company No. 1 — Other Volunteer Organizations — Paid Fire Department — Established 1872 — Three Companies — Chief Engineers — Services of Guthrie — Stations 4 and 5 — Most Modern Equipment — Exempt Firemen.

CHAPTER XXXVII Early Business Enterprises 381

Pioneer Business and Professional Men — Every Line of Industry Represented — Groceries and Provisions — Breweries — Beet Sugar Factory — Broom Factories — Wagon and Carriage Shops — Foundries — Flouring Mills — Wheat No Longer the Principal Crop — Land Now Too Valuable for Grain — Export Flour Trade an Industry of the Past.

CHAPTER XXXVIII Banks and Bankers ...: 388

Banks of Sacramento Second to None in Stability — National Bank of D. O. Mills & Co. — Early History of the Bank — Capital Savings Bank — Odd Fellows Savings Bank — California National Bank — People's Savings Bank — Farmers and Mechanics Savings Bank — Sacramento Savings Bank One of Oldest in City — Capital Banking and Trust Co. — ^Sacramento Valley Bank and Trust Co. — Fort Sutter National Bank — Banks and Bankers 1851-1871 — Sacramento Clearing House.

CHAPTER XXXIX Public I'tilities 398

First Franchise for Gas Works — City First Lighted With Gas December 17, 1855 — Various Changes in Companies — Advance in Methods of Manufacturing Gas — The Telephone — First Appearance of Sunset Telephone Company — First Express System of Telephone — Early Rate $6 per Month — Capital Telephone and Telegraph Company — Water Works — First Bonds Issued in 1853 — Original Plant Soon Too Small for Needs of City — New Works Started in 1872 and Completed in 1873.

CHAPTER XL The Crocker Art Cillery 404

Gathered in Europe at Great Expense — Deeded to City in 1885 — Building Adequate to House Magnificent Collection — California Artists Represented — Portraits of Prominent Californians — California Museum Association — First Exhibition a Social and Financial Success — Appreciation of Mrs. Crocker's Gift — Festival in Her Honor — Ladies Museum Association.

CHAPTER XLI Associations .vnd Clubs 400

Sacramento Pioneers — Chamber of Commerce —Sacramento Valley Development Association— The Saturday Club— The Tuesday Club— The Sutter Club — Dramatic and Musical — State Agricultural Society — Sacramento Athletic Club — Sacramento Boat Club — Other Clubs.

Index

A

Adams, Harry W 961

Ahern, David 546

Ahern, William M 809

Albriglit, Sidney S 690

Amaya, Daniel D 760

Anderson, Alden 789

Anderson, Andrew 878

Anderson, Charles W 819

Anderson, Lars P 1023

Anderson, Ludwig 1026

Andrew, William J 654

Angrave, Joseph W 991

Aram, Eugene 883

Armstrong, Robert 676

Arnold, Alphonse 962

Atkinson, Edmund C 833

Atkinson, F. L 746

Azevedo, Joseph F 857

B

Baker, Harry W 992

Barfoot, Spencer 993

Bassett, W. Walter .-. 997

Beckman, William 1020

Beckwith, Charles M 782

Bedwell, John F 667

Beede, Jeremiah K 653

Bellmer, Edgar H 1055

Bennett, Harrison 963

Bethel, Frank J 609

Bettens, R. M 1022

Bickle, Thomas V 858

Bills, Charles B 994

Bishop, Fred J 776

Bock, George 1019

Boggess, Jiles S 661

Bohl, Peter 964

Bonte, H. S 1042

Borchard, Alfred 680

Boss, Ira C 808

Bostwick, George W 829

Bowsher, Amos L 774

Bradford, William B 574

Bramhall, Robert N., M. D 860

Brauer, Herman 723

Breuner, Louis F 692

Brickell, Jerome F 620

Brickell, Thomas E 638

Brown, Alfred J 967

Brown, Edward S 861

Brown, Egbert A 864

Brown, John Q 863

Brunschwiler, Joseph 1 866

Bullock, George S 867

Burns, George A 975

Butler, Guy W 870

C

Calligori, Vincent 841

Cameron, Archibald M 980

Campbell, Alden W 825

Caples, George W 1024

Carlaw, Andrew 871

Carmichael, Daniel W 445

Carraghar, Will J 872

Carroll, Daniel H 793

Carroll, Jeremiah 773

Gate, Daniel R 873

Cavitt, George W 932

Chambers, Vactor T 981

Chaplin, William 874

Chinn, Frederick C 766

Christian, James T., M. D 979

Cippa, Fred T 670

Clark, George H 788

Clayton, Marion F 803

Clayton, Mrs. Sarah E 803

Clifton, Archie W 875

Coffin, Edward M 1018

Cohen, Isidor 571

Cohn, Philip C 475

Coolot, Augustin E 1053

Cooper, John F 558

Cope, O. Harold 813

Cornell, Joseph D 504

Cox, Frederick 976

Coyle, Thomas J 842

Crocker, Charles H 877

Croke, Frank C 683

Crowell, Montfort K 811

Cuff, Clarence C... 820

Cutter, George H 996

D

Dalton, Alfred, Jr :.- 843

Dargitz, J. P 580

DaRoza, Edward L 732

Davis, Charles K 627

Day, Stephen S 780

Dehn, Henry 702

Derby, Charles M 983

Derby, Frank M 933

Diepenbrock, Melchior H 462

INDEX

Dike, Uburto L 1000

Doan, Warren E 998

Donahue, John 934

Donnelly, James H 1017

Donnelly, Peter F 895

Dozier, Melville, Jr 657

Driver, Elisha S 648

Dunn, Chauncey H 484

E

Ebel, Mark H 759

Eckhardt, Henry 689

Ehret, Louis D 770

Eldred, Charles H 1013

Elkus, Louis 999

Elliott, James F 935

Ellis, Charles J 982

Ellis, Rev. John H 1001

Ellis, Rev. William F 752

Emigh, Clay W 797

Emigh, James L 796

F

Fairbank, Herbert A 523

Fairfield, Willard A 936

Fancher, Frederick B 801

Farren, John 937

Flcal, Charles A 1042

Ficks, George W 750

Filcher, Joseph A 1014

Fischer, Jacob J 897

Fisher, J. Hayes, M. D 1047

Fisk, Katherine B 745

Fitzgerald, Peter A 573

Folger, Alfred G 898

Foster, Stephen 938

Foster, Walter T 884

Fox, David F .'. 685

Frasinetti, James 747

Fratt, Francis W 1043

Frommer, Bernard 941

G

Gallup, William R 1025

Gardner, Mrs. Anna G 951

Geary, William 887

Geiger, Charles C 788

Gerber, Edward H 888

Gerber, John A., Jr 1016

Gerber, William E = 947

Gibson, Francis 985

Gillespie, Edward, Sr 950

Godard, Charles W 986

Gore, William R 886

Gormley, William F 891

Goulden, James 942

Grace, TTiomas 427

Graham, Charles H 987

Grant, William E 771

Green, Charles F 436

Green, George 988

Gregory, Frank 705

Gregory, T. T. C 1029

Griffeth, Clarence M 664

Griffin, M. W 989

H

Hall, Thomas B 839

Halloran, Martin 837

Harlow, John M 736

Hart, James V 488

Hartmann, George P^ 696

Haynes, Edward 818

Haynie, Stephen W 695

Hencken, William 472

Henry, L 1011

Hicks, John B 949

Hinkle, Isaac 917

Hinsey, William W 743

Hippie, George W 545

Hobrecht, Joseph C 956

Hodson, Burton M 767

Hook,. George 955

Hopkins, A. S 831

Hopkins, O. G 491

Hotchkiss, George W 647

Hulings, Burton F 798

Hullin, Nicholas J 762

Humbert, Hubert J 524

Hummel, Joseph F 952

Huntress, James S 513

Hutton, Frank 1012

I

Irvine, Richard C 900

J

Jacobs, Julius S 850

Jenks, William M 733

Johns, Fred J 614

Johnson, Grove L 500

Johnson, Hiram W 836

Johnson, Joseph W 588

Johnston, John W 953

Johnston, William A 529

Jones, Edward S 849

Jones, Thomas R 507

Junior, Eugene A 493

K

Kaufman, August 768(

Kaufman, Carl 763

INDEX

Kavanaugh, Edward C 619

Keach, George 919

Kennedy, William M 663

Kessler, Adam B 1056

Kestler, Gustave A 739

Keyes, Henry C 880

Kiesel, Frederick W 815

Kilgariff, Henry J 503

Kimball, Moses N 881

Kitt, Fred T 946

Kleinsorge, Charles E 1003

Klune, J. Bernhard - 830

Knight, Ralph 499

Knight, William L 622

Koch, Bernhardt ■ F 892

Koch, Otto J 784

Kohler, Ferdinand 890

Krebs, Harry G 944

L

Lafferty, Frank A "87

Langley, William A 636

Larkin, John N 644

LaRue, Hon. Hugh M 729

LaRue, Hugh M., Jr 435

Latourrette, Johnl 757

Lavenson, Gus 942

Lawton, John 847

Lawton, William D 814

Leonard, Albert 1010

Leonard, Harry W 893

Levering, Charles D 1045

Lewis, Thomas 715

Limbaugh, Leonard M 735

Lindsay, Arthur H 894

Lindsay, William K., M. D 816

Lothhammer, Charles 928

Lowry, Felton 628

Lubin, David 833

Lubin, S. J 434

Luce, Niron 922

M

McCurdy, Arthur H 466

McDougal, George 835

McDougall, Donald 1008

McElwaine, R 901

McEwen, Edward J 1009

McFarland, Ray D 625

McKenzie, Francis R 590

McKevitt, Frank B 510

McKinstry, J. K 459

McMahon, John 471

McWilliams, Hugh 764

Mackinder, Willis A 970

Mangan, James 709

Manning, Frank J 4bl

Martin, Fred L 699

Marty, Benjamin 447

Mathews, Herschel B 441

Mauldin, Hugh 778

Mayden, John L 781

Mayer, George H 526

Mealer, Thomas J 724

Meister, Albert 800

Meredith, Craddoc 973

Meyer, Frank 906

Meyer, William A 777

Mikle, Pleas G 578

Mikulich, Andrew 907

Mill, Russell W 749

Miller, Frank C 972

Miller, John H., Jr 449

Miller, O. H 668

Morrill, William D 921

Morris, Edward 481

Morrison, Alexander W 785

Muddox, Harry C 478

Muddox, Ralph H 1048

Murphy, Patrick H 1027

N

Nagle, John L 497

Nathan, Charles P 651

Nauman, Harry A 587

Nelson, Jacob 627

Nethercott, George H 482

Noble, George W 518

Noyes, Charles T 508

O'Kelly, T. J 1051

O'Neil, Thomas W 822

Owen, Harry D 740

P

Patterson, John L 552

Paule, Charles 442

Peck, F. S 783

Perkins, Charles C 806

Pfund, Edward F 1030

Phillips, Sidney M 494

Phinney, Cassius M 902

Phinney, George A 1035

Pierce, John A 684

Pike, John E. T 742

Pipher, Joseph E 456

Powers, William M 610

Prouty, Simon 1031

Prouty, William H 1037

INDEX

Q

Quaas, William H 457

R

Raiff, Otto 978

Randle, George N 452

Raper, Robert 641

Read, Herbert J 1004

Rees, Frederick G 663

Reese, Edward E 603

Reese, John -. 9^5

Reynolds, Aaron B 863

Richards, William F 721

Riley, John 718

Robb, Charles S 532

Roberts, John H 455

Rooney, Stephen J 693

Ross-Roan, Mrs. Mary 469

Ruhstaller, Frank J 851

Runyon, Solomon 903

Russell, Samuel W 460

Rutter, James 556

Ryan, Frank D 520

Ryan, Henry P 670

Ryan & Cippa 670

Rydberg, Herman 675

s

St. Joseph's Academy 606

Saner, Joseph 635

Sargent, Franklin H 856

Sawyer, John H 1038

Schad, Isidor 539

Schad, Thomas 540

Schaden, Alfred 1039

Scheld, Philip ■■ 547

Schneider, Casper V 1049

Schnetz, Henry 701

Sellinger, George P 802

Sellon, George C 828

Seymour, Henry 1 826

Shannon, Hunter W. S 940

Sharpe, Elton D : 958

Shaw, F. E., M. D 613

Sheehan, Edgar M 549

Shields, Peter J 755

Silva, Charles F 439

Silva, Manuel S., M. D 709

Sisson, Benjamin L 876

Slight, Samuel B 960

Smiley, Hugh J 557

Smith, Mrs. Anna 924

Smith, Herbert F 669

Steffens, .Joseph 853

Stewart, Louis H 562

Strachan, Hugh M 971

Strachan, James 845

Strand, William A 673

Studarus, John 565

Sullivan, Daniel D 753

Swinney, John A 605

Switzer, Herbert C 1007

T

Taverner, George M 595

Telfer, C. Allison 846

Thisby, George 632

Thomson, Frederick F 795

Thorp, Harry 433

Thorp, Sidney G 541

Timm, Richard 717

Townsend, George H 908

Trainor, Isaac J 531

Twitchell, Edward 535

u

Uren, Stephen 925

w

Wachhorst, Eugene 1005

Wahrhaftig, Moses S 968

Walke, Adolph 931

Walker, Joseph E 594

Walton, Frederick S 1050

Warner, Willard 913

Warren, Lloyd G 600

Washburn, O. F 930

Watson, William S, M. D 915

Weisman, William J 910

Welch, Benjamin 567

Wentz, John H 711

Wentzel, Charles E 928

Werner, Charles 616

Wiesenhofer, Frank X 792

Wilder, James A 598

Wiley, David E 916

Williams, Lincoln P 969

Willis, William L 593

Wilson, Jesse W 517

Wise, Philip 929