Ideals of life. Human perfection

Introduction

THE ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND ETHICAL SYMPOSIUM.

-HOW TO MAKE A BETTER MAN.

If some one of our elders were asked to write a book which should be helpful to the young, the work might very properly be divided into two parts, entitled, " How to be Happy," aud " How to be Good.'' The chapters of one might be upon such subjects as Honor, Fame, Power, Love, and those of the other upon Virtue, Prudence, Moderation, Fortitude, Faith, etc.

This excellent manual, however, woidd not be adequate to New World needs. The New World is every day writing something for itself, though not perhaps in book form, under somewhat different titles. '-How to Have Everything." -How to Do Everything/ 7 " How to Be Everything/' would be titles that would be much nearer the ideal. Two current expressions of the present generation are pregnant with meaning in this regard : they are, " the best of everything/' and " all-round development." Probably no four words could be set together in a phrase that woidd convey more satisfaction to the American mind than "the best of everything." Is not this in fact the veritable American ideal ?

The best of everything without and within. In obtaining the things without, are we not already successful beyond all calculation ? Have we not the best horses, the best yachts, the best dinners in the world ? Have we not the best cars, the best telephones, the best penmanship, the best pianos, the best chairs, the best

INTRODUCTION.

watches in the world ; above all, the best machinery in the world ? Our exhibitions of 1893 will doubtless show it.

How about the things within ? Have we also the best ideas, the best sentiments, sympathies, and intelligence in the world J ? Have we the best morals and the best manners? Have we the best hearts and the best habits ? We ought to have, for we have started in the race with every advantage. Have we the best nerves, the best muscles, the best eye, and the best hand ? Have we the best brain strands and the best brain cortex I Have we the best home training, the best social training, the best aesthetic training ? These we ought to have. Let us have the best of everything. Let us have the best men in the world.

WHAT CONSTITUTE THE THINGS WITHIN?

As all know, the word symposium means " drinking together." That " feast of reason and flow of soul," Plato's banquet, years before Christ, might be called the original symposium. At that feast, Agathon, Socrates, Alcibiades, and others discuss the profound and interesting question of love.

The present symposium on the most important of all questions, a The Perfecting of Man," comprises over one hundred contributors, and in point of numbers and eminence of the " guests " and the magnitude of the subject is believed to be the greatest that the world has yet seen ; to the contributions — part of which appeared in the New York Herald — have been added biographical data, and such extracts from the writings of the respective authors as bear upon the subject and serve to illustrate and develop more fully the best ethical ideas.

" What are the qualities most essential to the development of the perfect man?"

We have on our hands at present, to educate, train, develop, and bring up in the way he should go a young man who is already ac-

INTRODUCTION.

counted a prodigy, and whose quadrennial birthday in 1893 we call upon all the nations of the earth to celebrate.

That young America in his rapid growth may not by any possible mischance fail to develop into the man possessing all perfect qualities must be the first prayer of every citizen of the Republic.

Let us find out, then, these much desired perfections.

As a suggested study, we have the science of the formation of individual character called by Bahnsen characterology, and out of it grows the science of the formation of the national character, the term ethology being applied by Bain to both these practical sciences.

•• What are the qualities most essential to the development of the perfect race ? " would be merely an expansion of the question.

With the morality and gentility of old England might be compared in this study the intelligence and amiability of France, the industry and generosity of the average American, and these with the enthusiasm which is the ideal of Spain, and the awful sincerity which appears to be the dominant trait in the Russian.

What the character of the typical young American of the twentieth and coming centuries may be is an immense problem. That one of his perfect qualities will be the ability to make a success in material things, there can be no doubt. But that there are strong tendencies in other directions — for instance, toward the truthfulness indicated by Max Miiller, the sympathy indicated by Chief Belfour, the good digestion of Lord Churchill — is equally certain.

If asked to select three examples of perfect Americans, one might choose Lincoln, Peter Cooper, and Horace Greeley. These three men were all strong in stomach and muscle, strong in heart and brain, and are not these precisely the four sides of man that must be vigorously and strenuously cultivated at the outset as a firm basis, whatever special direction the character may hereafter be destined to take ? With energy, truth, sympathy, and a good digestion, man may, humanly speaking, do all tilings.

INTRODUCTION.

The following questions suggest themselves :

What are the attributes of perfect manhood ?

What is your ideal ? What are the best types ?

What is the best ideal of culture or training ?

What qualities of mind, heart, energy, or character should be cultivated for the higher development of man ?

What organs, systems, or parts of the body, features of the face, or convolutions of the brain ought to be increased, and what reduced, to render man more godlike and less brutelike ?

What are the cardinal points to be insisted upon for the all-around development of the coming man ?

What points are to be urged for the awakening of the higher intelligence of the young American ?

What is the best counsel for the young man of to-day ? . What is the finest quality in human nature ?

A letter embodying these points was sent to every civilized country, and distinguished contributors from all parts of the world accepted the invitation to the symposium, and portrayed their views on the all-absorbing subject of the ideal man and woman. Words of wisdom came to the young American from some of the wisest and most thoughtful people now living ; human nature's best qualities were set forth by clergymen, anthropologists, philosophers, psychologists, poets, generals, novelists, eminent women, and society leaders, and we were told how to improve ourselves mentally and physically, socially, morally, and spiritually.

HOW TO REACH IT.

Almost every one of the contributors agrees that, first of all, in order to hope to reach perfection, health of mind and body is absolutely essential. Then comes self-development. Clearly, cogently, tersely, and incisively it is shown that the heart must be

INTRODUCTION.

pure and have a love for all things that are lovely ; that one must have the courage to do and dare in the cause of truth, honesty, and justice ; that all forms of intemperance must be avoided, egotism suppressed, and lofty self-denial practiced. Among the virtues of the perfected man enumerated by the eminent men and women are energy, bravery, generosity, geniality, prudence, faith, charity, and loyalty.

Faults, if they exist, must be conquered, the desire for revenge repressed, and exalted ideas of life's purposes formed and nourished. Forbearance is shown to be a sparkling gem of human nature and therefore a quality worthy of possession.

Mental and physical forces in the perfect man, these writers demonstrate, should be harmonized, the baser impulses kept in subjection to the higher, and all the faculties simultaneously and impartially developed. Young Americans are advised, among other things, to yield to passions of sympathy rather than to passions of antagonism, to strengthen their memories, develop their reasoning powers, and to live for others as well as themselves. Strive to become models of human excellence.

These views as to the ideal man are portrayed vividly, earnestly, and with eloquence, while the best types of men and women are named as models of excellence, moral and physical.

Even-body can make themselves better, and the symposium forcibly illustrates the manner in which it can be done. Crdtivation of heart, mind, and body is necessary in order to attain perfection, and our contributors show just what qualities should be either nurtured or repressed.

Americans cannot fail to be awakened to the imperative need of a higher education after reading the gems of thought from these eminent persons. It should inspire them with new ambitions, new hopes, new aspirations, new conceptions of life, and a determination to become stronger, braver, purer, more noble.

INTRODUCTION.

THE FOUR THINGS.

" As for me," replies one, " I go in for the great things — wealth or power or fame or happiness."

Yon may go in for any one of them, if yon go in at the right gate. Any one of these may be reached if yon take the right path.

Do yon desire money, health, comfort, independence ? Take the path of work, honesty, and temperance. Do yon want love and pleasure ? Take the path of refinement, sympathy, and altruism. Do yon prefer power, honor, position, triumph, towering success ? Take the path of energy and enterprise, self-control and self-respect. Do yon thirst for fame, glory, eternal life, peace of mind, everlasting bliss ? Take the path of serious study, enthusiasm, and purity of heart.

" After all, we shall leave the world just as stupid and just as bad as we found it," wrote one of the encyclopedists a hundred years ago. We Americans to-day have an immense advantage over the encyclopedists, for we are building a new world. Must we build it just as stupid and just as bad after all ? Can we not build it wiser and better 1 Can we not build it stronger and cleaner ?

We have ever before us the two images : the old man, the man of the past, and the new man, the man of the future. That the old man was bad, stupid, and weak, we well know ; shall we make the new man, the young, godlike man, the man of the future, better in every particular ? Cleaner, stronger, better, and nobler in body, cleaner, stronger, better, and nobler in mind? Let us have a better man in America, a better kind of man than the world has yet seen.

This book is intended as a guide to the conduct of life — a manual, a handbook of practical ethics. An endeavor has been made to bring out a world's consensus of opinion on the question of questions — how to make a better man.

Part I. Thinkers And Men Of Science

Opinions of Theologians, Philosophers, Psychologists, Anthropologists, Physiologists and others.

CHAPTER PAGE

I. ARCHDEACON FARRAR,

Cultivate that which is pure, good and beautiful .... 23

II. SIR JOHN LUBBOCK,

A cool head and a warm heart 29

III. NOAH PORTER, D. D.,

Love nature and all good things 41

IV. PAUL TOPINARD, M. D.,

Man in nature, — a rising scale 47

L. MANOUVRIER,

The man of the future 49

ALFRED BINET,

Discipline the mind,— Education not Instruction 50

GUSTAVE BELOT,

Elevate the race rather than the individual 52

V. R. HEBER NEWTON, D. D.,

A sound character back of all 57

B. F. DE COSTA, D. D.,

A high, disinterested aim 59

CHARLES A. EATON, D. D.,

Coordination of physical, mental and moral powers ... 62

VI. DR. W. PREYER,

Man a creator. Perfection as an exact science 65

DR. LUDVIG BUCHNER,

The coming man in America 70'

VII. DR. HAROLD HOFFDING,

Energy the first condition 77

VIII. PROF. JOHN BASCOM,

Cultivate the physical, intellectual, spiritual 83

PROF. WILLIAM JAMES,

Give the young American more out-door life 86

PROF. MARK J. BALDWIN,

The coordinating centers of powers 92

IX. PROF. C/ESAR LOMBROSO,

Genius and sanctity . . . . 99

PROF. PAOLO MANTEGAZZA,

Work for universal happiness 105

X. DR. HENRY MAUDSLEY,

Cultivate strength 115

XI. GLADSTONE AND HUXLEY,

Maxims from living men 121

XII. BISHOP J. L. SPALDING,

Develop all the faculties 127

The national character 128

Extracts from Catholic Writings ,132

XIII. REV. G. GOTTHEIL,

The more we advance, the harder the task 137

Jewish Maxims from the Talmud 140

FELIX ADLER,

The Ethical culture .141

XIV. DR. WILLIAM A. HAMMOND,

A strong brain. All things weak are bad 149

PROF. E. D. COPE,

Strong emotional and rational faculties 151

People become better through intelligence 155

"Eugenics." How to improve the race 160

XV. HERBERT SPENCER, ALEX. BAIN, AND JAMES MARTINEAU,

Moral truths from living authorities 161

XVI. BISHOP F. D. HUNTINGTON,

The fulfillment of Destiny 173

The Christian standpoint 175

XVII. GRANT ALLEN,

A well-balanced body 181

HAVELOCK ELLIS,

"World enough and time 186

XVIII. REV. 0. B. FROTHINGHAM,

Through natural laws 191

REV. M. J. SAVAGE,

The heart that loves all lovely things 195

REV. J. W. CHADWICK,

Cherish generous ideas 198

XIX. REV. THOMAS K. BEECHER,

Infinite variety 203

Beecher Maxims. H. B. Stowe, T. K. Beecher, H. W. Beecher. .204 XX. PROF. JACOB MOLESCHOTT,

Harmony of mind, heart and taste 209

COUNT DE GUBERNATIS,

A noble education , 211

XXI. PROF. B. A. HINSDALE,

Well-balanced body and mind 215

PROF. JOSEPH JASTROW,

Mental pliability 217

DR. D. A. SARGENT,

Elevate the race 220

XXII. PRES. CHAS. W. ELIOT,

A superior education for all 225

PRES. TIMOTHY DWIGHT,

Interest in education 229

PRES. FRANCIS L PATTON,

Literature the best culture 235

XXIII. PRES. SETH LOW,

Columbia teaches political science 245

PRES. C. K. ADAMS,

Develop the moral side ,247

PRES. E. B. ANDREWS,

Study ethics and sociology 248

CHANCELLOR H. M. MACCRACKEN,

Too much arithmetic, too little training 252

PROVOST WILLIAM PEPPER,

Self-denial and self-respect 254

PRES. G. STANLEY HALL,

Health is chief 255

PART II. MEN OF LETTERS. Opinions of Poets, Novelists, Editors, Scholars, Critics, Philologists

and others.

CHAPTER p AGE

XXIV. PROF. MAX MULLER,

Truth in the inward parts 26a

Maxims from Immanuel Kant . . , .267

XXV. PROF. JOHN STUART BLACKIE,

A balance of forces — Reason must control 273

XXVI. JOHN ADDINGTON SYMONDS,

Robust character — The formation of self 281

XXVII. TAINE AND RUSKIN,

Maxims from eminent living critics 287

XXVIII. CHARLES A. DANA,

What is genius ? A truly American ideal 295

XXIX. ARLO BATES,

Reason and will ; individualism 301

N. K. ROYSE,

Optimism — A plain talk to young men 302

XXX. JULIAN HAWTHORNE,

Learn how to live 307

XXXI. THEO L CUYLER AND T. DEWITT TALMAGE,

Living words from great preachers 313

XXXII. J. RUSSELL LOWELL,

Elevation of mind 321

XXXIII. JAMES PARTON,

Act from principle 329

XXXIV. ROBERT BUCHANAN,

Sympathy with life. — Insight not intellect 335

A. CANON DOYLE,

Broader culture = 337

EDWIN JOHNSON,

Speak the truth of experience 338

ALFRED T. STORY,

The two fringes of society 340

OSWALD CRAWFURD,

The highest strength — brain, will, muscle 342

CHAPTER XXXV.

XXXVI.

XXXVII.

XXXVIII.

XXXIX.

XL.

XLI.

XLII.

XLIII.

XLIV.

XLV.

XLVI.

XLVII.

XLVIII.

CONTENTS.

PAGE

EDOUARD ROD,

Action the ideal 351

ARSENE HOUSSAYE,

Love 353

HECTOR MALOT,

Create what we want 355

French Maxims. Various Authors 357

GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS,

Greater accuracy and precision 361

E. C. STEDMAN,

Be fair and just 367

VASALI VERESTCHAGIN,

Moderation in all things 373

DR. WILLIAM B. NEFTEL,

Bepublican principles and virtues 375

Russian Maxims ' 377

DR. J. M. GUARDIA,

Truth, liberty and right 381

Spanish Maxims 385

The civilized world working toward the answer 389

HENRY DRUMMOND AND C. H. SPURGEON,

Living words from eminent teachers 395

PROF. JAMES LEGGE,

What China can teach us 403

Chinese Maxims 405

DR. H. C. DUBOSE,

Chinese Ethics 406

Moral Precepts from Persia 407

DR. OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES,

Observation. Nature, art, humanity 411

PROF. EDWARD DOWDEN,

"The Godlike." Wide world and broad life 419

BJORNSTJERNE BJORNSON,

Faithfulness to a high purpose 429

Efficiency for self and others 435

ROSSITER JOHNSON,

Emulate the best examples in American history 445

XLVIII. EDGAR FAWCETT,

Altruism ... 446

LAURENCE HUTTON,

The practical man 447

XLIX. DR. TITUS MUNSON COAN,

Goethe as the ideal 451

Goethe Maxims 45£

L. EDWARD E. HALE, D. D, T. T. MUNGER, D. D., WILLIAM MATTHEWS, LL. D. ( AND N. P. GILMAN, Live maxims by American authors 457

Retrospective. Maxims by Benj. Franklin and Jona. Edwards .465 LI. EDMUND GOSSE, HENRY IRVING, DOUGLAS SLADEN, W. E. NORRIS, JEROME ALLEN, W. W. IRELAND, EDWIN L ARNOLD, G. SERGi, B. F. LIEBER, JOSEPH PARKER, CHARLES BARNARD,

PART III. MEN OF ACTION. Opinions of Statesmen, Orators, Lawyers, Bankers and others

LI I. HON. A. J. BALFOUR,

Sympathy the most potent factor 481

Maxims for men of action 484

LIN. MAJ.-GEN. G. G. ALEXANDER,

Personal virtue 487

THOMAS HUGHES AND CUNNINGHAM GEIKIE, D. D.,

Maxims by living men 489

LIV. CHARLES BUXTON,

LV. CHARLES HENRY HAM,

Labor is life. A New World ideal 499

LVI. SAMUEL LAING,

All faculties must balance 507

SAMUEL SMILES, Sound maxims 50£

LVII. HON. CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW,

Do the best we can 517

LVIII. HENRY M. STANLEY,

The best types ; — have most virtues and least faults. .523 T. W. HIGGINSON AND JOHN BURROUGHS,

Extracts from living writers 525

lix. ward McAllister,

The drawing-room ideal 529

LX. E.J. HARDY AND HAIN FRISWELL,

English maxims. Living maxims from popular authors 535 LXI. G. W. CHILDS,

Be your own architect 541

LXII. LORD RANDOLPH CHURCHILL, EX-GOV. GEORGE HOADLY, HON. C. VANCOTT, GEN. DANIEL BUTTERFIELD, HENRY CLEWS, DR. H. R. HOPKINS, Opinions in brief 547

Part IV. Eminent Women

Opinions of Eminent Women — Authors, Philanthropists, Social Leaders and others.

LXIII. MME. CLEMENCE ROYER,

Curiosity for truth 555

LXIV. HARRIET P. SPOFFORD,

Absolute unselfishness 561

GAIL HAMILTON,

LXV. MRS. E. S. MEAD,

The American girl. More height and depth wanted.. 567 EDITH THOMAS,

The Shakespearean ideal 568

LXVI. MISS FRANCES E. WILLARD,

Self-surrender and faith 573

LXVII. MRS. JOHN SHERWOOD,

American culture 583

LXVII!. GRACE GREENWOOD,

Gentleness and integrity 585

LXIX. AGNES REPPLIER,

The classics would be an advantage 589

Wisdom from women 590

LXX. BLANCHE WILLIS HOWARD,

A higher plane of civilization 593

LXXI. MRS. VAN RENSSELAER CRUGER (JULIEN GORDON),

Perfection of the body 597

LXXII. MISS MARIETTA KIES, Think 603

ROSE ELIZABETH CLEVELAND, Work 605

LXXI 1 1. MRS. J. C. CROLY (JENNIE JUNE),

Depend on your own resources 609

JULIA WARD HOWE, MRS. M.V. TERHUNE (MARION HAR- LAND), ELIZABETH CADY STANTON,

Live maxims by famous women 611

LXXIV. ELIZABETH STUART PHELPS WARD,

Morality and religion 615

General Summary 617

Bibliography. Literature for Culture and Training 636

MAXIMS AND MOTTOES.

Alger, Horatio, 346. Lombard, J. K., 370.

Arnold, Matthew, 384, 504. Larcom, Lucy, 606.

Beecher Maxims, 204. Meredith, Owen, 74, 96, 384.

Browning, E. B., 96. Muller, Max, 292.

Bryant, W. C, 74, 468. Montgomery, James, 292.

Chinese Maxims, 403. Persian Moral Precepts, 407.

Cornwall, Barry, 74. Preston, Margaret J., 558, 606.

CLOUGH, A. H., 278, 504, 616. RUSSIAN MAXIMS, 375.

Dorr, Julia C. R., 606. Stedman, E. C, 368.

Elliot, George, 558, 606. Shelley, Percy B., 346, 370.

French Maxims, 355. Smiles, Samuel, Maxims, 507.

Howard, Blanche Willis, 616. Tennyson, Alfred, 74, 370, 468, 504, 558.

Holmes, O. W., 558, 606. Taylor, Bayard, 74.

HAZLITT, 292. THOREAU, 54.

Ingelow, Jean, 558. Whitman, Walt, 74, 370.

Kant, Immanuel, 267. Webster, Daniel, 346.

I. Manhood In Perfection

REV. FREDERIC WILLIAM FARRAR,

London, England, Scholar, Author, Archdeacon of Westminster, London.

A PURE IMAGINATION.

CULTIVATE THAT WHICH IS PURE, GOOD, AND BEAUTIFUL. BUILD A TEMPLE IN WHICH THE DIVINE SPIRIT MAT DWELL.

FREDERIC WILLIAM FARRAR.

The Venerable Archdeacon, writes :

5^HAT man approaches most nearly to such perfection r ^^ as is attainable in human life

"Whose body has been kept in vigorous health by temperance, soberness and chastity ;

Whose mind is a rich store-house of the wisdom learned both from experience and from the noblest thoughts which his fellow-men have uttered ;

Whose imagination is a picture gallery of all things pure and beautiful ;

Whose conscience is at peace with itself, with G-od, and with all the world, and

In whose spirit the Divine Spirit finds a fitting temple wherein to dwell. _

WIjuLaJlc & ^JdJi/LoJL .

SUMMARY.

Vigorous Health.

Temperance.

Soberness.

Clear Conscience.

Chastity.

Wisdom from Experience.

Wisdom from Reading.

Pure Imagination.

Divide Spirit.

BIOGRAPHICAL DATA.

[Frederic William Farrar was born in the Fort, Bombay, August 7, 1831. He was educated at King William's College, in the Isle of Man, King's College, London, and at the University of London, where he graduated B.A. in 1850, and was appointed a University scholar in 1852. In 1854 he was ordained deacon by the Bishop of Salisbury, and in 1857 was ordained priest by the Bishop of Ely. He was assistant master at Harrow, and Head Master at Marlborough College from 1871 to 1876 ; was honorary chaplain to the Queen from 1869 to 1873, when he was nominated one of Her Majesty's Chaplains in ordinary. In 1876 he was appointed canon of Westminster Abbey, and rector of St. Margaret's, and Archdeacon of Westminster in 1883. Dr. Farrar is the author of three books for boys, "Eric, or Little by Little," "Julian Howe," and "St. Winifred's, or the World of School." Some of his more serious works are "The Origin of Language," " The Fall of Man and other Sermons," " The Life of Christ," "Life of St. Paul," and "The Early Days of Christianity," and he has contributed to various cyclopedias. Dr. Farrar is Honorary Chaplain of the 2d Volunteer Battalion Royal Fusiliers.]

In a sermon on " Sincerity of Heart," Archdeacon Farrar speaks of Intemperance, Impnrity, Hatred, and Greed, and says : " We can only begin to do Christ's work, in striving to make his world better, by personal innocence, personal holiness — to do good we mnst be good. When any one is a truly good man ... his mere unconscious influence, his mere passive character becomes a blessing to others, and without any conscious endeavor he still drops his little quota into the stream of the world's improvement."

In another sermon he says : "It may be . . . that we ought to be willing to resign happiness and look for blessedness instead. Why should we not try, each in our own little sphere, to make the world better for us ? . . . If this seems too grand an aim for our feebleness, can we not at least try to be ourselves

EXTRACTS FROM HIS WORKS.

humble and forgiving, diligent and faithful, kind and pure of heart?"

In the sermon entitled " The Triple Sanctification," he speaks of body, soul, spirit. Temperance, soberness, chastity sum up our duties to the first ; to the second belong morality and religion, the desires and affections being fixed on God. By the spirit is meant reason and conscience, which should be the supreme guide in life.

In another sermon he speaks of the path from innocence to sin, from sin to sorrow, from sorrow to repentance, and among the last words are these :

" Be brave, be honest, be pure, and no real evil can befall you."

Other thoughts are taken from various of his works.

The test of sincerity is fruitfulness.

Labor for God is the best cure for sorrow and the best occupation of life.

The true end of knowledge is not curiosity, is not vanity, is not profit, but it is that we may build up others . . . it is that we may build up ourselves. . . .

Your heart is nobler than your acts, your nature truer than your conduct, and that is and will be your punishment.

Man is far too mean a creatine to be justified in withholding forgiveness for any personal wrong.

At the universities . . . the aristocracy of intellect and character are almost solely recognized.

Go forth into the roaring, surging streets of any of our great cities, and how many are there of these careworn myriads who are not full of a restless and devouring anxiety about the concerns of this life — of this brief day which in an hour or two will surely plunge into irrevocable night ?

Two classes of interests daily appeal to us with intense persistence — the lower and the higher; the earthly and the divine; those of the animal and those of the spiritual nature. On the one

FREDERICK WILLIAM FARRAR,

side money, self-importance, power, comfort, pleasure, grasp ns with the attraction of their nearness and of their coarse reality ; on the other hand, calling to us with sweet far voices from the invisible world, are grace, contentment, trust, duty, thankfulness for undeserved mercies, a desire to give rather than to receive, the holy readiness to spend and be spent for the good of others, not our own.

To despair of America would be to despair of humanity.

II. Fundamental Qualities

SIR JOHN LUBBOCK, M.P., F.R.S., LL.D.,

London, Eng.,

Naturalist, Ethnologist, Anthropologist, Educator, Member of Parliament.

A COOL HEAD AND A WARM HEART.

WITHOUT A WARM HEART YOU ARE SURE TO BE SELFISH. BE ON GUARD EVEN AGAINST YOUR BEST INTENTIONS.

SIR JOHN LUBBOCK writes:

HH COOL head, a warm heart, a sound judgment, a S§II healthy body. Without a cool head we are apt to form hasty conclusions; without a warm heart we are sure to be selfish ; without a sound body we can do but little ; while even the best intentions without sound judgment may do more harm than good.

SUMMARY.

Sound Judgment.

Healthy Body.

Cool Head.

Warm Heart. 29

BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH.

[Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P., F.R.S., LL.D., born in London, 1834, son and heir of Sir John William Lubbock, a gentleman eminent as an astronomer and mathematician. The son was educated at a private school and at Eton, became partner in a Lombard Street bank in 1856, was made president of the Institute of Bankers and member of the Public School Commission. He has been president of the Linnean Society, the Entomological and Ethnological Societies, and of the Anthropological Institute, has been three times elected to Parliament, where he now sits. In the House of Commons has spoken principally on financial and educational subjects. He has been trustee of the British Museum and Vice-Chancellor of the University of London. The University of Dublin conferred upon him the degree of LL.D. ; is also D.C.L. of Oxford and M.D. of Wiirzburg. The works by which he has most distinguished himself are " Prehistoric Times," 1865; "Origin of Civilization and Primitive Condition of Man," 1870 ; " The Origin and Metamorphoses of Insects," 1874 ; " On British Wild Flowers Considered in Relation to Insects," 1875 ; a volume of Lectures and Addresses, a volume of Scientific Lectures, Ants, Bees, and Wasps," 1881 ; "Senses and Instincts of Animals," 1888. In an address in 1881 Sir John sums up the progress of fifty years : the theory of evolution, the conservation of energy, spectrum analysis, higher algebra and geometry — the applications of science to practical life in photography, the locomotive, the telegraph, the spectroscope, the electric light, and the telephone. "The prospects for the future," he adds, "were never more encouraging." The temptation to military ambition, the tendency to overinterference by the State, the spirit of anarchy and socialism, however, are dangers.]

SELECTIONS FROM HIS WRITINGS,

THE VALUE OF TIME.

Time is often said to be money, but it is more — it is life ; and yet many who would cling desperately to life, think nothing of wasting time.

And yet some people are dull. They talk of a better world to come, while whatever dulness there may be here is all their own. Sir Arthur Helps has well said: "What! dull, when you do not know what gives its loveliness of form to the lily, its depth of color to the violet, its fragrance to the rose ; when you do not know in

SELECTIONS FROM HIS WORKS.

what consists the venom of the adder, any more than you can imitate the glad movements of the dove. What ! dull, when earth, air, and water are all ahke mysteries to you, and when you stretch out your hand you do not touch anything the properties of which you have mastered ; while all the time Nature is inviting you to talk earnestly with her, to understand her, to subdue her, and to be blessed by her ! Go away, man ; learn something, do something, understand something, and let me hear no more of your dulness." Time, indeed, is a sacred gift, and each day is a little life.

SCIENCE.

Those who have not tried for themselves can hardly imagine how much science adds to the interest and variety of life. It is altogether a mistake to regard it as dry, difficult, or prosaic — much of it is as easy as it is interesting. A wise instinct of old united the prophet and the "seer." Technical works, descriptions of species, etc., bear the same relation to science as dictionaries do to literature.

Botany, for instance, is by many regarded as a dry science. Yet without one may admire flowers and trees as one may admire a great man or a beautiful woman whom one meets in a crowd ; but it is as a stranger. The botanist, on the contrary — nay, I will not say the botanist, but one with even a slight knowledge of that delightful science — when he goes out into the woods or into one of those fairy forests which we call fields, finds himself welcomed by a glad company of friends, every one with something interesting to tell.