Selections in English prose from Elizabeth to Victoria (1580-1880).

Preface

A Preface may be expected to give the raison d'etre of a book, especially of a book of selections, when one might think this business overdone. But, in the words of Leigh Hunt (Preface to Imagination and Fancy), "The Editor has often wished for such a book himself; and as nobody will make it for him, he has made it for others," — and for himself, I would add.

I have long wished to use with my class in English Literature Professor Minto's Manual of English Prose Literature, but I thought it useless for students to study the lives of authors and detailed criticism of their style without having in hand examples of that style of sufficient length to enable the student to form some idea of the justness of the criticism. It is true that we have two recent books of prose selections : Saintsbury's Specimens of English Prose Style from Malory to Macaulay, and Galton's English Prose from Maundeville to Thackeray, but neither of them suited my purpose. Mr. Saintsbury's book contains too many authors and too brief specimens of their style. A book containing ninety-six authors, with specimens varying from two to six pages, would not fulfil the object I had in view. But Mr. Saintsbury has prefixed to his volume an excellent essay on English Prose Style, which should be reprinted in pamphlet form for use with any book of selections. Mr. Cxalton's book is not liable to the above ol ejection to the same extent, as it con-

iii iv PREFACE,

tains fifty-six authors, and the selections are of greater length ; but some of the authors might be omitted without much loss, and some of the selections here also are too short. I wished, moreover, to suit the selections, as far as was consistent with the object of giving a satisfactory view of the progress of English prose for the last three hundred years, to the leading authors criticised in Professor Minto's Manual, and this has been done in the main, the chief exceptions being the writers of the present century, most of whom Professor Minto has criticised all too briefly. The book may, however, be used in connection with any Manual of English Literature.

I cannot expect to satisfy everybody. Some, perhaps, will criticise omissions ; others, inclusions. Reasons might be given for the choice of the authors and pieces selected, but it would prolong this Preface to too great length. I should have been glad to include more authors, but I had to bear in mind the compass of a single volume, and I fear that the book is already too bulky. This restriction has, too, prevented me from beginning earlier ; but the middle of the reign of Elizabeth was, I think, the beginning of the formation of an English prose style, as it was the; beginning of our modern poetry and drama, for Lyly's Euphues was contemporary with Spenser's Shepherd's Calendar, and Lyly's comedies were the first worthy of consideration from a literary point of view. The historical student should extend his studies at least as far back as Wyclif and Chaucer, to see English prose in the making ; but the general reader will seldom take up the prose authors before Lyly, and will need more help to interpret them.

I have appended brief notes to these selections, purposely limited to explanations of words and allusions that I thought

PREFACE.

desirable for the student, but not intended to take the place of the classical, biographical, or verbal dictionary. The labor of identifying the Latin quotations has been great, and will be appreciated by those only who have undergone similar labor. Some of the quotations have, notwithstanding, eluded my search. The book has occupied much longer time than I anticipated when it was undertaken. The proof has been read repeatedly and with great care, but as I cannot natter myself that all errors of the press have been eliminated, I shall be obliged for information as to those detected. That the volume may contribute to acquaint the student practically with the formation of English prose style, and may prove to be a help to the teacher, is the earnest wish

of the compiler.

JAMES M. GARNETT.

University of Virginia, Va.

July 4, 1890.

Table Of Contents

PAGE

Preface iii

Euphues and his England. Euphues Glasse for Europe. «...=,. 1 II. Sir Philip Sidney (1 554-1 586).

Preface to Shakspeare ........... 433

XXII. Edmund Burke (1 728-1 797).

Speech on Conciliation with America . . . 453

XXIII. Edward Gibbon (i 737-1 794).

XXIV. Sir Walter Scott (1771-1832).

XXV. Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772- 1834).

Biographia Literaria, Chapter XXI. :

Remarks on the Present Mode of Conducting Critical Journals 5 1 2 XXVI. William Hazlitt (1 778-1830).

Table-Talk : Opinions on Books, Men, and Things :

On Application to Study 522

TABLE OF CONTENTS. ix

XXVII. Charles Lamb (1775-1834)- PAGE

Essays of Elia :

1. The Old and the New Schoolmaster 53°

2. A Bachelor's Complaint of the Behaviour of Married

People 545

3. The Genteel Style in Writing ■ • ■ 55 2

XXVIII. Robert Southey (1 774-1843).

XXIX. Walter Savage Landor (1775- 1864).

Dialogues of Literary Men : Samuel Johnson and John Home Tooke 57 6

What is Poetry? • 594

XXXI. Thomas De Quincey (i775~ l8 59)-

Shakspeare 3

XXXII. Thomas Babington Macaulay (1800-1859).

The Comic Dramatists of the Restoration 637

XXXIII. Thomas Carlyle (1 795-1881).

1. Biography - '

2. Hero-Worship. The Hero as Poet . . . Shakspeare .... 688

JOHN LYLY.

EUPHUES AND HIS ENGLAND.

EUPHUES (iLASSE FOR EUROPE. [Written in 1580. |

But having entreated 1 sufficiently of the countrey and their conditions, let me come to the Glasse I promised, being the court, where, although I should, as order requireth, beginne with the chiefest, yet I am enforced with the Painter to reserve my best colours to end Venus, and to laie the ground with the basest.

First, then, I must tell you of the grave and wise Counsailors, whose foresight in peace warranteth saf[e]tie* in warre, whose^provision in plentie, maketh sufficient in dearth, whose care in health is as it were a preparative against sicknesse ; how great their wisdom hath beene in all things, the twentie two yeares peace doth both shew and prove. For what subtilty hath ther[e] bin wrought so closly, what privy attempts so craftily, what rebellions stirred up so disorderly, but they have by policie bewrayed, 2 prevented by wisdome, repressed by justice ? What conspiracies abroad, what confederacies at home, what injuries in anye place hath there beene contrived, the which they have not eyther foreseene before they could kindle, or quenched before they could flame ?

If anye wilye Ulysses should faine madnesse, there was amonge them alwayes some Palamedes to reveale him ; if any Thetis went

1 treated. 2 exposed (them).

* " Variations or additions of words, and of important letters in words, from the first editions, are inserted between [ ]." — Arber.

about to keepe hir sonne from the doing of his countrey service, there was also a wise Ulysses in the courte to bewraye it : If Sinon came with a smoothe tale to bringe in the horse into Troye, there hath beene alwayes some couragious Lacaon to throwe his speare agaynst the bowelles, whiche, beeing not bewitched with Lacaon, hath unfoulded that which Lacaon suspected.

If Argus with his hundred eyes went prying to undermine Jupiter, yet met he with Mercwie, who whis[t]elled all his eyes out : in-somuch as ther[e] coulde never yet any craft prevaile against their policie, or any chalenge against their courage. There hath alwayes beene Achilles at home to buckle with Hector abroad, Nestors gravitie to countervail Priams counsail, Ulisses subtilties to ma[t]ch with Antenors policies. England hath al[l] those yat 3 can 4 and have wrestled with al others, wher-of we can require no greater proofe then experience.

Besides they have al[l] a ze[a]lous care for the encreasing of true religion, whose faiths for the most part hath bin [beene] tried through the fire, which they had felt, had not they fledde over the water. More-over the great studie they bend towards schooles of learning, both sufficiently declare that they are not only furtherers of learning, but fathers of the learned. O thrise [thrice] happy England where such Counsaylours are, where such people live, where such vertue springeth !

Amonge these shall you finde Zopirus that will mangle him-selfe to do his country good, Achates that will never start an ynch from his Prince Aeneas, Nausicla that never wanted a shift in extremitie, Cato that ever counsayled to the best, Ptolomeus Philadelphus that alwaies maintained learning. Among the number of all which noble and wise counsailors, I can- not but for his honors sake remember the most prudent and right honourable ye Lorde Bnrgleigh, high Treasurer of that Realme, no lesse reverenced for his wisdome than renowmed for his office, more loved at home than feared abroad e, and yet more feared for his counsayle amonge

8 that, v = th. 4 Common error of omission of infinitive after auxiliary.

other nations then sworde or fyre, in whome the saying of Agamemnon may be verified, who rather wished for one such as Nestor, then many such as A/ax.

This noble man I found so ready, being but a straunger, to do me good, that neyther I ought to forget him, neyther cease to pray for him, that as he hath the wisdome of Nestor, so he may have the age, that having the policies of Ulysses, he may have his honor, worthye to lyve long, by whome so manye lyve in quiet, and not unworthy to be advaunced, by whose care so many have beene preferred. . "

Is not this a Glasse, fayre Ladyes, for all other countne[s] to beholde wher[e] there is not only an agreement in fayth, religion, and counsayk, but in friendshyppe, brother-hoode, and lyving? By whose good endevours vice is punyshed, vertue rewarded, peace establyshed, forren broyles repressed, domesticall cares appeased? what nation can of Counsailors desire more? what Dominion, yat excepted, hath so much? when neither courage can prevaile against their chivalrie, nor craft take place agaynst their counsayle, nor both joyned in one be of force to undermine their country. When you have daseled your eies with this Glasse, behold here an other. It was my fortune to be acquainted with certaine English Gentlemen, which brought mee- to the court, wher[e] when I came, I was driven into a maze to behold the lusty and brave gallants, the be[a]utiful and chast Ladies, ye rare and godly orders, so as I could not tel whether I should most commend vertue or bravery. At the last, coming oft[e]ner thether then it beseemed one of my degree, yet not so often as they desired my company, I began to prye after theyr manners, natures, and lyves, and that which followeth I saw, where-of who so doubteth, I will sweare.

The Ladyes spend the morning in devout prayer, not resembling the Gentlewoemen in Greece and Italy, who begin their morning at midnoone, and make their evening at midnight, using sonets for psalmes, and pastymes for prayers, reading ye Epistle of a Lover, when they should peruse the Gospell of our Lorde, drawing wanton lynes when death is before their face, as Archimedes did triangles and circles when the enimy was at his backe. Behold, Ladies, in this glasse that the service of God is to be preferred before all things ; imitat[e] the Englysh Damoselles, who have theyr bookes tyed to theyr gyrdles, not fe[a]thers, who are as cunning in ye scriptures, as you are in Ariosto or Pe track or anye booke that lyketh 5 you best, and becommeth you most.

For bravery 6 I cannot say that you exceede them, for certainly it is ye most gorgeoust [gorgious] court that ever I have seene, read, or heard of, but yet do they not use theyr apperell so nicelye as you in Italy, who thinke scorn to kneele at service, for feare of wrinckles in your silks, who dare not lift up your head to heaven, for feare of rumpling ye rufs in your neck, yet your hands I confesse are holden up, rather I thinke to shewe your ringes then to manifest your righteousnesse. The braverie they use is for the honour of their Prince, the attyre you weare for the alluring of your pray ; the ritch apparell maketh their beautie more seene, your disguising causeth your faces to be more suspected ; they resemble in their rayment the Estrich who, being gased on, closeth hir winges and hideth hir fethers ; you in your robes are not unlike the pecocke, who, being praysed, spreadeth hir tayle, and bewrayeth hir pride. Velvetts and Silkes in them are like golde about a pure Diamond, in you like a greene hedge about a filthy dunghill. Thinke not, Ladies, that bicause you are decked with golde, you are endued with grace ; imagine not that, shining like the Sunne in earth, yea " shall climbe the Sunne in heaven ; looke diligently into this English glasse, and then shall you see that the more costly your apparell is, the greater your curtesie should be, that you ought to be as farre from pride, as you are from povertie, and as neere to princes in beautie, as you are in brightnes. Bicause you are brave, disdaine not those that are base ; thinke with your selves that russet coates have their Christendome, that the Sunne when he is at his h[e]ight shineth aswel upon course carsie, 8 as

6 pleaseth. b finery. 7 ye. B kersey.

cloth of tissue ; though you have pearles in your eares, Jewels in your breastes, preacious stones on your fingers, yet disdaine not the stones in the streat, which, although they are nothing so noble, yet are they much more necessarie. Let not your robes hinder your devotion, learne of the English Ladies yat God is worthy to be worshipped with the most price, to whom you ought to give all praise, then shall you be like stars to ye wise, who now are but staring stockes to the foolish, then shall you be praysed of 9 most, who are now pointed at of all, then shall God beare with your folly, who nowe abhorreth your pride.

As the Ladies in this blessed Islande are devout and brave, so are they chast and beautifull, insomuch that, when I first behelde them, I could not tell whether some mist had bleared myne eyes, or some stra[u]ng[e] enchauntment altered my minde, for it may bee, thought I, that in this Island either some Artimedorus or Lisimandro, or some odd Nigromancer did inhabit, who would shewe me Fayries, or the bodie of Helen, or the new shape of Venus, but comming to my selfe, and seeing that my sences were not chaunged, but hindered, that the place where I stoode was no enchaunted castell, but a gallant court, I could scarce restraine my voyce from crying, There is no beautie but in England. There did I behold them of pure complexion, exceeding the lillie and the rose, of favour (wherein ye chiefest beautie consisteth) surpassing the pictures that were feyned [fained], 10 or the Magition that would faine, their eyes pe[a]rcing like the Sun beames, yet chast, their speach pleasant and sweete, yet modest and curteous, their gate comly, their bodies straight, their hands white, al[l] things that man could wish, or women woulde have, which, howe much it is, none can set downe, when as ye one desireth as much as may be, the other more. And to these beautifull mouldes, chast mindes ; to these comely bodies temperance, modestie, mildenesse, sobrietie, whom I often beheld merrie yet wise, conferring with courtiers yet warily, drinking of wine yet moderately, eating

a by. "' feigned.

6 JOHN LYL V.

of delicat[e]s yet but their eare ful, list[enjing to discourses of love but not without reasoning of learning : for there it more delighteth them to talke of Robin hood, then to shoot in his bowe, and greater pleasure they take to heare of love, then to be in love. Heere Ladies is a Glasse that will make you blush for shame, and looke wan for anger ; their beautie commeth by nature, yours by art ; they encrease their favours with faire water, you maintain c yours with painters colours ; the haire they lay out groweth upon their owne heads, your seemelines hangeth upon others ; theirs is alwayes in their owne keeping, yours often in the Dyars ; their bewtie [beautie] is not lost with a sharpe blast, yours fadeth with a soft breath: Not unlike unto Paper Floures [flowers], which breake as soone as they are touched, resembling the birds in sEgypt called Ides, who being handled, loose their feathers, or the serpent Serapic, which beeing but toucht with a brake, 11 bursteth. They use their beautie, bicause it is commendable, you bicause you woulde be common ; they if they have little, doe not seeke to make it more, you that have none endeavour to bespeake most ; if theirs wither by age, they nothing esteeme it ; if yours wast by yeares, you goe about to keepe it ; they knowe that beautie must faile if life continue, you sweare that it shall not fade if coulours last.

But to what ende, Ladies, doe you alter the giftes of nature by the shiftes of arte ? Is there no colour good but white, no Planet bright but Venus, no Linnen faire but Lawne ? Why goe yee about to make the face fayre by those meanes that are most foule, a thing loathsome to man, and therefore not lovely, horrible before God, and therefore not lavvefull?

Have you not hearde that the beautie of the Cradell is most brightest, that paintings are for pictures with-out sence, not for persons with true reason? Follow at the last, Ladies, the Gentlewomen of England, who being beautifull doe those thinges as shall beecome so amyable faces, if of an indifferent h[i]ew[e], those

11 a pointed instrument, things as they* shall make them lovely, not adding an ounce to beautie, that may detract a dram from vertue. Besides this their chastitie and temparance [temperaunce] is as rare as their beautie, not going in your footesteppes, that drinke wine before you rise to encrease your colour, and swill it when you are up, to provoke your lust : They use their needle to banish idlenes, not the pen to nourish it, not spending their times in answering ye letters of those that woe 12 them, but forswearing the companie of those that write them, giving no occasion either by wanton lookes, unseemely gestures, unadvised speach, or any uncomly behaviour, of lightnesse, or liking. Contrarie to the custome of many countries, where filthie wordes are accompted to savour of a fine witt'e, broade speach, of a bolde courage, wanton glaunces, of a sharpe eye sight, wicked deedes, of a comely gesture, all vaine delights, of a right curteous curtesie.

And yet are they not in England presise [precise], but wary, disdainefull to conferre, 13 but careful [fearefull] to offencle, not without remorse where they perceive trueth, but without replying where they suspect tre[a]cherie, when as among other nations, there is no tale so lothsome to chast eares but it is heard with great sport, and aunswered with great speade [speede] .

Is it not then a shame, Ladyes, that that little Island shoulde be a myrrour to you, to Europe, to the whole worlde ?

Where is the temperance you professe when wine is more common then water ? . . . where the modestie when your mirth turneth to uncleanes, uncleanes to shamelesnes, shamelesnesse to al sinfulnesse? Learne, Ladies, though late, yet at length, that the chiefest title of honour in earth, is to give all honour to him that is in heaven, that the greatest braverie in this worlde, is to be burning lampes in the worlde to come, that the clearest beautie in this life, is to be amiable to him that shall give life eternall : Looke in the Glasse of England, too bright I feare me for your eyes, what is there in your sex that they have not, and what that you should not have ?

* So Arber's text. 12 woo. 13 converse.

They are in prayer devoute, in bravery humble, in beautie chast, in feasting temperate, in affection wise, in mirth modest, in al[l] their actions though courtlye, bicause woemen, yet Aungels [Angels], bicause virtuous.

Ah good Ladies, good, I say, for that I love you, I would yee [you] could a little abate that pride of your stomackes, that loosenesse of minde, that lycentious behaviour which I have seene in you, with no smal[l] sorrowe, and can-not remedy with continuall sighes.

They in England pray when you play, sowe when you sleep, fast when you feast, and weepe for their sins, when you laugh at your sensualitie.

They frequent the Church to serve God, you to see gallants; they deck them-selves for cle[a]nlinesse, you for pride ; . . . they refraine wine, bicause they fear to take too much, you bicause you can take no more. Come, Ladies, with teares I call you, looke in this Glasse, repent your sins past, refrain your present vices, abhor vanities to come, say thus with one voice, we can see our faults only in the English Glasse ; a Glas of grace to them, of grief to you, to them in the steed of righteousnes, to you in place of repentance. The Lords and Gentlemen in ye [that] court are also an example for all others to fol[l]ow, true tipes [types] of nobility, the only stay and staf [fe] to [of] honor, brave courtiers, stout soldiers, apt to revell in peace, and ryde in warre. In fight fearce [fierce], not dreading death, in friendship firme, not breaking promise, curteous to all that deserve well, cruell to none that deserve ill. Their adversaries they trust not, that sheweth their wisdome, their enimies they feare not, that argueth their courage. They are not apt to proffer injuries, nor fit to take any : loth to pick quarrels, but longing to revenge them.

Active they are in all things, whether it be to wrestle in the games of Olympia, or to fight at Barriers in Palestra, able to carry as great burthens as Milo, of strength to throwe as byg stones as Tur-nus, and what not that eyther man hath done or may do, worthye of such Ladies, and none but they, and Ladies willing to have such Lordes, and none but such.

This is a Glasse for our youth in Greece, for your young ones in Italy, the English Glasse ; behold it, Ladies and Lordes, and all that eyther meane to have pietie, use braverie, encrease beautie, or that desire temperancie, chastitie, witte, wisdome, valure, or any thing that may delight your selves, or deserve praise of others.

But another sight there is in my Glasse, which maketh me sigh for griefe I can-not shewe it, and yet had I rather offend in derogating 11 from my Glasse, then my good will.

Blessed is that Land that hath all commodities to encrease the common wealth, happye is that Islande that hath wise counsailours to maintaine it, vertuous courtiers to beautifie it, noble Gentlemenne to advance it, but to have suche a Prince to governe it as is their Soveraigne queene, I know not whether I should thinke the people to be more fortunate, or the Prince famous, whether their felicitie be more to be had in admiration, that have such a ruler, or hir vertues to be honoured, that hath such royaltie : for such is their estat[e] ther[e] that I am enforced to think that every day is as lucky to the Englishmen, as the sixt day of Februarie hath beene to the Grecians.

But I see you gase untill I shew this Glasse, which you having once seene, will make you giddy : Oh Ladies I know not when to begin, nor where to ende : for the more I go about to expresse the brightnes, the more I finde mine eyes bleared ; the neerer I desire to come to it, the farther I se[e]me from it, not unlike unto Simonides, who being curious to set downe what God was, the more leysure he tooke, the more loth hee was to meddle, saying that in thinges above reach, it was easie to catch a straine, 15 but impossible to touch a Star : and ther[e]fore scarse tollerable to poynt at that which one can never pull at. When Alexander had commaunded that none shoulde paint him but Appelles, none carve him but Lysippus, none engrave him but Pirgotales \Pergotales], Parrhasius framed a Table squared, everye way twoo hun-

14 detracting. 15 to overexert one's self.

i dred foote, which in the borders he trimmed with fresh coulours, and limmed with fine golde, leaving all the other roume [roome] with-out knotte or lyne, which table he presented to Alexander, who, no lesse mervailing at the bignes, then at the barenes, demaunded to what ende he gave him a frame with-out face, being so naked, and with-out fashion, being so great. Parrhasius aunswered him, let it be lawful for Parrhasius, O Alexander, to shew a Table wherin he would paint Alexander, if it were not unlawfull, and for others to square Timber, though Lysippus carve it, and for all to cast brasse though Pirgoleles [Pergoteles] ingrave it. Alexander, perceiving the good minde of Parrhasius, pardoned his boldnesse, and preferred 16 his arte : yet enquyring why hee framed the table so bygge, he aunswered that hee thought that frame to bee but little enough for his Picture, when the whole worlde was to little for his personne, saying that Alexander must as well be praysed, as paynted, and that all hys victoryes and vertues were not for to bee drawne in the Compasse of a Sygnette, [Signet] but in a fielde.

This aunswer Alexander both lyked and rewarded, insomuch that it was lawful ever after for Parrhasius both to praise that noble king and to paint him.

In the like manner I hope that, though it be not requisite that any should paynt their Prince in England, that can-not sufficiently perfect hir, yet it shall not be thought rashnesse or rudenesse for Euphues to frame a table for Elizabeth, though he presume not to paynt hir. Let Appelles shewe his fine arte, Euphues will manifest his faythfull heart, the one can but prove his conceite to blase his cunning, the other his good will to grinde his coulours : hee that whetteth the tooles is not to bee misliked, though hee can-not carve the Image ; the worme that spinneth the silke is to be esteemed, though she cannot worke the sampler ; they that fell tymber for shippes, are not to be blamed, bicause they can-not builde shippes.

16 commended.

He that caryeth morter furthereth the building, though hee be no expert Mason ; hee that diggeth the garden is to be considered, though he cannot treade the knottes 17 ; the Gold-smythes boye must have his wages for blowing the fire, though he can-not fashion the Jewell.

Then, Ladyes, I hope poore Euphues shall not bee reviled, though hee deserve not to bee rewarded. I will set downe this Elizabeth, as neere as I can : And it may be that, as the Venus of Appelles not finished, the Tindarides of Nichomachus not ended, the Medea of Timomachus not perfected, the table of Parrhasius not couloured, brought greater desire to them to consumate them, and to others to see them : so the Elizabeth of Euphues, being but shadowed for others to vernish, but begun for others to ende, but drawen with a blacke coale, for others to blaze with a bright coulour, may worke either a desire in Euphues heereafter, if he live, to ende it, or a minde in those that are better able to amende it, or in all (if none can worke it) a wil[l] to wish it. In the meane season I say as Zeuxis did when he had drawen the picture of Atalanta, more wil envie me then imitate me, and not commende it though they cannot amende it. But I come to my England.

There were for a long time civill wars in this [the] countrey, by reason of several claymes to the Crowne, betweene the two famous and noble houses of Lancaster and Yorke, either of them pretending to be of the royall bloude, which caused them both to spende their vitall bloode ; these jarres continued long, not without great losse, both to the Nobilitie and Communaltie, who, joyning not in one, but divers parts, turned the realme to great ruine, having almost destroyed their countrey before they coulde annoynt a king.

But the lyving God, who was loath to oppresse England, at last began to represse injuries, and to give an ende by mercie to those that could finde no ende of malice, nor looke for any ende of mis-

17 lay out the garden plots.

chiefe. So tender a care hath he alwaies had of that England as of a new Israel, his chosen and peculier [peculiar] people.

This peace began by a marriage solemnized by Gods speciall providence betweene Henrie Earle of Ritchmond, heire of the house of Lancaster, and Elizabeth, daughter to Edward the fourth, the undoubted issue and heire of the house of Yorke, where by (as they tearme it) the redde Rose and the white were united and joyned together. Out of these Roses sprang two noble buddes, Prince Arthur and Henrie, the eldest dying without issue, the other of most famous memorie leaving behind him three children, Prince Edwarde, the Ladie Marie, the Ladie Elizabeth. King Edwarde lived not long, which coulde never for that Realme have lived too long, but sharpe frostes bite forwarde springes, Easterly windes blasteth towardly 18 blossoms, cruell death spareth not those which we our selves living cannot spare.