The progress and intelligence of Americans; collateral proof of slavery, from the first to the eleventh chapter of Genesis, as founded on organic law

Front matter

Of what is man but carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, iron, and saline matter, with mind that fathoms the Universe, when "of fit moldf The imprint of his renso)i is left on earth to other generations ; his substance returns to dust! Though it be at the price oi liberty; truth, through reason, shall rise from foggy sense, and fiid man know his true estate. Proof of eternal liberty and freedom to the Caucasian, and of eternal slavery to the colored races, from God's order of creation, based on organic law. lie who denies the order of creation, denies his being. Towards our fellow creatures our aim is high — friendship and protection. Seen, though unseen, no act escapes being weighed in the great amenities of life. Though alone to Hunk. thought is cast for untold millions. To knmc us, let fall the rain artifice oi pomp and higotry, and bend to nature's /... Read, reason, and see, like of yore, "i'i ni, vidi, * .i."

r h e

PROGRESS AND INTELLIGENCE

Preface

The development of truth through the physical sciences, discarding errors and misconceived notions, should be the paramount object of th« naturalist. The philosophy of reasoning for the purpose of arriving at this truth, which is ever noble, ingenuous and magnanimous, is based on organic law, as to known effects of production, and on analogy, in citing what is constantly taking place around us. The world has ever been full of false theories and impracticabilities, and most of mankind base their judgments, upou which flow their actions, ou the effects which surround them, without the mind or desire to trace matter back to the commencement of creation, and thence see its formation into evident classes for no other purpose intended by God than to produce matter again in resemblance to itself. Who will pretend to say that there was a unity in the grains, such as barley, wheat, corn, buckwheat, rye, and so on, with reference to those substances upon which man can live, at the commencement or moment of their creation from matter, which before was nothing but dust of the earth ? In their respective creations, there was a will and purpose to implant in each an element to reproduce itself. This is the natural organic law pervading all inanimate creation, so far as we can judge by facts of cases presenting themselves to our understandings, from our constant intercourse with life, on each day's experience. Upon the same principle of reasoning, which is natural and organic, the author of this work draws his deductions and conclusions, with reference to the Races of Color — as the Mongolian, Indian, Malay and African, and also the white man — the Caucasian — not having derived their origins from one common parentage, and proves, by analogy in reasoning, and by citing examples of the present production of inanimate and animate life, that each of those races or existences of colors, and man had a separate existence from the beginning, according to the order of creation, as laid down in the first chapter of Genesis.

The whole physiological feature of creation, whether inanimate or animate, that have arisen from matter, had their origins begun according to this order of creation; and so far back as history will trace inanimate matter in its production when it has not been acted upon by man or insects, we can discover no change. Barley, potatoes, coru, wheat, rye and oats, etc., etc., are the same now as four thousand years ago, and if four thousand years can produce no organic change in these, should man imagine at some very distant day, not recorded on the page of history, from its auteriority, that some great, unaccountable convulsions in nature took place in the organic law, which destroyed the similitude in the production of matter into inanimate and animate existence f and consequently, the formation of matter into specific classes as it now appears to us on earth ? Beyond refutation, and as based on the organic law, deducible to us from the natural sciences, and reasoning by analogy, the author of this humble work feels that he has founded his deductions and conclusions, placing and proving the creation of the Colored Baces as absolutely being under the head " living creature," of verse 24, of the first chapter of Genesis; consequently arises their priority in the creation to the white man, and consequently arises slavery as a Divine Institution, from the fact of " the man " being created according to tho letter and spirit of verse 26 of the above chapter, and according to the imperative commands of God in the 28th verse of the same chapter, for the constitutional government of " the man and the female," on earth, as Cod's vioepercnte! This

IV PREFACE.

solemn and weighty trust is reserved to" the man and the female," the last touch of God in the consummation of His great work ! Upon these rests the dominion of all matter, whether inanimate or animate below them ; it is for them to control, and the sooner the perverted and wicked portion of mankind, who are now recognized as Abolitionists and Emancipationists, see their errors, their shortcomings, and misprisions, and make amends for the past and present revolutions in the general industrial pursuits of the country, which they have unquestionably created, so much the sooner we shall have peace upon the basis of God's organic law. Proving rebellion against this law, organized by those fanatics, the author endeavors to clearly and forcibly prove, and show them to be rebels and atheists against Law, Constitutional and Divine. Consequently, he asks the question, " How they are to be bound and held accountable by any form of oath ?" Having spoken and dwelt in the first and second part of his work upon the progress and intelligence of Americans, connected with the discussion of Constitutional law and liberty, and the proof of slavery from the order of creation, as laid down in the first chapter of Genesis, the author, in the third part of his work, from an extensive experience in slave States, and a general knowledge of tropical America, advocates progressive slavery South and Southwest, as we may acquire territory. This he clearly proves to be of incalculable advantage to the free States, and no less, but as advantageous to the slave States, from the fact that the African slaves are better adapted to labor in the tropics. In this march, free labor will follow in the wake of slave labor, with the lands having been cleared up and drained. The author contends that this system of progress into tropical America will vastly benefit the whole Caucasian family throughout the world, making the livelihood of existences of colon certain, not dependent on chance, stealth and robbery ! In this form, the greatest scope of philanthropy conceivable to man can be meted out for the benefit and advantages of all concerned, when slave labor shall have progressed, and have fully and conclusively established itself in tropical America, and moreover, in tropical Africa, under the guidance and control of the great Caucasian family. That such will be tho result of coming time, in view of "subduing the earth," and of making it fully productive to its utmost capacity, in the low as well as in the high lands, no penetrating philosophical mind can raise a doubt. For the tropics must be cultivated, in order to carry out the order of creation, verse 28th, first chapter of Genesis.

In view of the organic law, upon which the philosophy of reason respecting this work is based, the preface is, as also the body of the work, ready for the scalpel of the Abolitionist's and the Emancipationist's ingenuity to dissect, and, if possible, excoriate the course of nature, and institute in its place their assumed notions of right in contradistiuction to her principles in everything we see, with reference to the Colored Races, if they dare persist in opposing the order of creation. The pleadings of the author are not for one section of the earth, but they are as enlarged as its surface; they know no bounds but infinite space; they are the great efforts towards benefitting, moralizing and instructing the subordinate and inferior existences of colorsin the grand workhouse of physical and mental improvement; and this, aside from the injunction, as to having dominion without choice, is the only efficient means in the form of forcible and constant contact of the Colored Races with the Caucasian, that we can hope, from the designs of God in the creation, for progress and improvement in the tropics of the earth.

THE AUTHOR-

PROGRESS, SLAVERY,

AND ACQUISITION OF TERRITORY.

Part I. Progress And Intelligence Of Americans

As for ourselves in this dissertation, we would only that we may be a happy medium to our countrymen to point out facts, which will strike home to reason and common sense — it is our country, all the States and vast domain we wish to speak of, as it was the custom with patriots in Grecian times. Since the dawn of our national existence to within nearly two years past, our country has been most carefully guarded by an all-ruling Power; and prosperity, peace, and happiness have lit up a howling wilderness, and dotted its wild wastes with smiling habitations.

Reflect upon our early settlements along the Atlantic, as Georgia then was the furthest South, and the Mississippi river the western boundary; while now, with giant-like strides, our country rests on the

Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Pacific. There is, at this moment, one pulse that beats in harmony from the Atlantic to the Pacific, which announces daily news on either shore.

Since the Revolution, how numerous and sublimely wouderful have been the rapid strides in the advancement and improvement of the arts and sciences ! So much so, that genius calls with peculiar fastidiousness what she presents to the thoughtful considera tion of man.

From the machinery adapted to the making of the pin or the needle to that of the powerful engine, that, leviathan-like, plows the mighty ocean, we see, everywhere about us, evidences of their workings and practical utility in the numerous good and faithful offices which they multiply and distribute for the advancement and happiness of man.

By the means of powerful telescopes we seem to pay our respects to other worlds, and are enabled to calculate with precision the rotary planets revolving about us, and to examine with more minuteness the starry canopy, which involve unnumbered worlds.

By chemistry, we are enabled to analyze the soils, and report what is lacking for certain kinds of vegetations : and by this means we can supply the defects, and enhance very materially our prosperity and happiness.

By geology, we gain a knowledge of the structure of the earth, and the great mutations which have, and are going on, tracing the different formations of the earth through the lapse of past ages. By mineralogy, we obtain a knowledge of the different classes of minerals, and more or less a knowledge of their formation into bodies, each having an affinity for itself. By botany, we arrive at a distinct knowledge of the vegetable kingdom, dividing it into classes or families, each having a resemblance and an affinity for its peculiar kind, as generated from a class. By the study of zoology, we discover the divisions of the animal kingdom into classes, through the aid of physiology, physiognomy, enthnology and anatomy, with the power of each to generate its kind. And no less in art than in science, are we, the Caucasians, rising from dust to fill that great destiny ordered in the creation of man, in the image and after the likeness of his Creator.

The abundant supply of iron in the different States keeps pace with the accustomed wants of our great national family, adding a cementing link by iron bands from one State to another, thus forming a network of rails and telegraph wires, on which the iron horse and the electric fluid pace away, as if by the flight of the imagination ; moreover, adding a barrier against the attacks of foreign enemies, in the way of iron clad war steamers !

Most of the metals used for embellishment, and as a circulating medium, are now found in the present bounds of the United States to exist most abundantly ; more especially in California, Oregon and Kew Mexico. Since the discovery of gold in California, not short of one billion of dollars has been exported from the Pacific coast of the United States, giving stability to the financial and commercial transactions of the world.

. These Pacific gold mines have surely formed the golden era of our Republic, and increased our commerce on the Pacific, at least one thousand per cent., with the Oceanicans and neighboring Republics. To speak within bounds, no one well acquainted with the natural fecundity of the valley and mountain soils of our possessions on the Pacific, and adjacent thereto, can question, but that these regions have the -productive amplitude to yield grains sufficient to bread the vast multitudes within our ocean-bounded Empire!

Since the dawn of our national existence, so rapid have been the steps in the march of the arts and sciences, and in all that is grand and ennobling, and so wide-spread has our commerce become, that whereever we cast our eyes and tread a foreign soil, we see Americans representing their home industry and products, even in the interior of benighted Africa and Pagan-ridden Asia.

The establishments of learning throughout the United States, with the simplification of books adapted to youth, have both received the fostering attention of private individuals and the States, in the form of artistic arrangements to promote health and contentment, and of donations of lands to defray the expenses of tuition. Our common school system of education, based in part ou State donations and direct taxation, forces the whole body politic to feel their mutual dependence on each other, which educates and defends the State.

No one can doubt but that man, by his nature, is a peculiar being, presenting a wonderful combination oi intellect and the lowest animal propensities. His

ACQUISITION OF TERRITORY.

mind soars to heaven, and calculates the planitary system of worlds, and holds lightning within his reach, as if playing with a feather, demanding converse with other worlds, borne down to this. By his nature he is social, yet the stronger oppress the weaker, enslave them, and tax their virtues. And when wealth and power are obtained, they are not unfrequently used to exert an undue and an unholy influence, as in the case of Church and State. Animals are divided into two classes — those exercising reasoning powers and those seemingly void of them, except so far as relates to their appetites and passions. The second class are composed of all that animal existence which walk on the earth on all fours, of whatever shape, or dart through the waters, or skim the air with graceful evolutions, presenting to the critical observer links of peculiar assimilations, in their organic forms, till this class assume the shape and partial facial contour of the first class, yet reason in them is not apparent from the analogy which they bear to the former, the whites, in whom we see, in a greater or less degree, the height of reason displayed.

In this class we see the gradation of animals rising to the forms of the human species among the different kinds of apes, which are spoken of in works on natural history, as Goldsmith's Animated Nature, Cuvier's works on the same subject, the Vestiges of Creation, Types of Mankind, and Indigenous Eaces of Mankind, bv authors of a more recent date.

The native of New Holland may be a grade higher than the nondescript of Barnum's found in the forests of Africa; this has never been taught to speak, but it grunts out the impulses of its nature in a guteral manner. It may be a link higher than the gorilla ; however, its head and body are ape-shaped, and indicate its peculiar lower animal organization, in the length of its arms and fingers, the flatness of its nose, the bigness of its nostrils, the projection of its forehead backwards, fully at an angle of forty-five degrees, the broadness of the head from ear to ear, the smallness of the body just above the hips, the negro-shaped eye, its somewhat ape-shaped foot, and lack of hair. It can walk on all fours nearly as well as erect, By the study of natural history, we discover that, in the higher order of apes arranged with reference to size, their brains would appear related to man as follows, to-wit : the gorilla, chimpanzee, orang outang, mbouve and gibbon. In their habits, mode of living, the food eaten by them, their attack and defence, they quite assimilate themselves to the natives of New Holland, perhaps the lowest of the black races !

By this study ; by travels into foreign lands, either by private parties, or expeditions fitted out by Governments ; by our frequeut intercourse with man ; it is natural to draw conclusions with respect to the subordinate and inferior existences of color and the human family, and the distinctions which colors make respecting progress in the advancement of the arts and sciences.

The term subordinate, and inferior existences of colors, possessing degrees of humanity, (the peculiar nature of man, by which he is distinguished from the other beings,) comprehends that order under the head of "living creature" in the 24th verse of the first chapter of Genesis, and defines their degrees of approximating humanity, which is as they come in contact with the white race, becoming thereby molded like them, and as they have manifested natural capacities as a whole or alone, to intelligence; and inasmuch as they physically resemble man, as hereafter proved.

Humanity alone could not belong to them, for it is an attribute of man alone created in the image and after the likeness of God; but a degree of it is their due, inasmuch as they resemble the white man, for in so much they are accountable, and no more. Else the savage negro in Africa be human, and if so, he is, as we are, accountable for the full term humanity, without our light being imparted to him, as he would not need it ; but he would be like us, full of light, and hence humanity. As there is a vast difference in the mental and physical organization of the progressive existences of colors and man, as we shall hereafter prove, so there is in humanity ; hence a difference in humanity, or a degree of humanity, is not humanity itself; therefore, they cannot bear fully the term human, but intermediate-human. In the researches of Dr. Pritchard, we discover that he contends all existences ofcolors, including the Mongolian, Indian, Malay and African, originated from the common term — homo, man. And we, in our daily conversation, find many would-be intelligent ladies and gentlemen favor this position, as if their reason had ascended its throne. These very good jpeojilc forget that God created everything into distinct classes; hence rye, corn, wheat, oats and barley, are classes respectively, regarding each, its origin in the same manner as Caucasian, Mongolian, Indian, Malay and African, are classes respectively, respecting each, his origin. Under the organic law, when all matter was chaos, these respective classes were called into existence, and received each his organized form, by which he should perpetuate his class, as ordered in the beginning; or we should discover nothing but chance work in creation.

The immortality of the soul, whether it be that of a white man, or that of any of the existences of colors is not a subject which this work is called on to discuss ; but the main object of this work is to trace inanimate and animate matter back to its original state, and thence see the order of creation, and how each part is to be governed by natural law, which furnishes the basis for civil or conventional law.

In casting our eyes over the Indian tribes of America, we are unable, at present, to see any material change towards a high stage of social and constitutional liberty ; nor do we discern it in their arts and sciences, over what they possessed at the period of their discovery to us ; nor do we trace but a retrocession among those European nations who have largely commingled with the aboriginees of this country. This class of progressive existences fall to dust, when in contact with the whites, as the autumn leaves, after the first withering frost. They are fast passing away.

In taking a survey of the oriental nations of Asia, we discover that few of the arts and sciences, which so much distinguish the Europeans and Americans,

ACQUISITION OF TERRITOKY. 13

are understood by them; or otherwise, from their countless hosts, they would be able to repel the attacks of the combined world. Their wants are supplied without adding a finish to symmetrical 'proportions. They want courage, energy and mind; and when brought in close contact with the whites, they are forced, like the Indians, to yield to superior intellect, and like their congenerics of colors,they must fall to earth, though the contest be strong, and full of little incidents of a progressive nature.

The historic pages of Africa are few and meager, except with respect to its northern portions, where the whites have prevailed. That here, great events and great nations have arisen, no one will question ; as the Egyptians and Carthagenians, in their past history, can fully bear proof. Few have explored Central Africa, though quite enough to bear testimony to the general barbarism of the country ; however, to a small extent, they manufacture some common cloth out of the agave and cotton grown in the countrv.

From time immemorial to the present the negro class have commingled more or less with those white nations near them ; so much so, if their natures had been open to the reception of new ideas, retaining and rendering them useful, they would have distinguished themselves by their arts and sciences, by their governments, and by that universal progress which nations make in the pursuits of commerce. In all these occupations and progressions which the mind of man makes, when raised from matter, the negro class bear no testimony to the world ; for where are their ambassadors, commercial agents and commercial relations with other nations? That they are above some classes of animals we have abundant proof, but that they are far below mankind, even the Toltecs, Aztecs, and Peruvians of America, no one can question. As a further evidence in confirmation of this position, when we survey the labors and workings of the lower and lowest classes of animals, what is the progress of those which we see around us, over those which lived thousands of years ago? Their habits of gathering their food, building their nests, seeking places of safety for their young, defending themselves against attacks, and all they do, are the same when young as old, and the same in one age as in the preceding. In these animals there is no progress nor advancement ; they are content with eating, drinking, sleeping, and giving vent to the passions of their natures. In view of this, survey the history of the negro class in Africa, and what has been their progress from their earliest existence to the present, except such as has been absolutely forced on them, to shield themselves from cold, or to supply their hunger? Consequently, like other animals, they can be taught, or learn to do like the whites only to a certain extent, when their reason ceases, and animal instinct manifests itself again. For ages in Africa, the negroes have lived only to eat. Their progress and developments arc only made by contact with the whites ! That there is a distinction in the progressive development of the negro class, especially when brought in contact with the whites, compared to those who have never been out of their native coun-

ACQtIISITION OF TERRITORY. 15

try, we have ample proof in the slaveholding States of North America, in the provinces or departments of Brazil and Cuba, where slavery has existed nearly, and over three hundred years ; and in other portions of America where they are now free ; for full demonstrations we have of such in their whole facial contours over new importations.

They bear in all their actions a higher degree of advancement than those freshly imported into this country ; and particularly so with reference to their facial contours and their general physical developments. If prior to this period, the destiny of the African negroes had been to have possessed the arts and sciences, so near them on the Eastern portion of that Division ; if they -had not been created in the scale of existence but little above the highest class of apes, showing thereby a close analogy between the two ; if it had not been the custom for the Rulers of Central Africa to have immolated some of their captives, after taking them in wars, upon bond-fires for the occasion ; eaten a few, and enslaved others ; and if there had been humanity to have exerted itself in that benighted land, as in portions of benighted Europe, America would have shrunk from her task to have imported, christainized and educated, in the labors of the field, so many forms without human lore.

From the numerous negroes existing in Central Africa, their obedience, slothfulness, or almost perfect inertia, except stimulated by the cravings of hunger, and from their peculiar beastial adaptation to obey the dictates of superior intelligence and superior will, not only in that region, but on the Continent of America, we are led to infer that they have uo national characteristics; and, in order to insure their progression to the higher scale of- being, their thraUdom must be continued to work out and reclaim, from the wild solitudes of America, that natural fecundity which she so superabundantly possesses, rendering it useful to man in the many multiplied stages of human advancement and refinement.

In most cases, the tenure of slavery on the Continent of America is growing* milder, and much more lenient than formerly ; masters are seldom accused of cruelty; — it is unpopular for one to be thus accused, and consequently much forbearance is brought into requisition, from the desire to gain the applause of our own people, where this institution exists.

If slavery be right to work out the destiny of this vast American Continent, as it would seem to be from surrounding manifestations which are apparent to all, the only true position we can assume, is that slavery can never exist in a statu quo state; the only terms to be applied to it, are pro and anti; the one will let it live by its progress, and increase the Southern products in proportion to the increase of slaves, and the fertility of the lands they cultivate ; while the latter, though not in favor of immediate emancipation, would so circumscribe it by legislation, and limit the bounds of slavery, as to call for the man amission of the African race in the present limits of the United States, because the multiplicity of its numbers in the course of time, would permit no other alternative, taking in view the natural increase of the whites and the blacks.

Some pretend to say that the African can change his color, by living in the temperate regions of the world, and that he is capable of a high mental culture, neither of which untenable positions do we see hold good amongthe thousands with whom we come in contact. If the black class desired so much the advancement of their kind, and having been brought so long in contact with intelligence, from their earliest days in a state of freedom, and if it was as natural for the negro to progress as the white man, why is there such a marked difference in the free States among colors, where one rises, from the cradle, to high civilization and enlightenment, astonishing the world by the genius which he displays in every object he touches, — whereas the former is content to imitate him in a few of the most primitive of the arts of mechanism ! Is this position not beyond refutation ? If God had designed the negro race for a free people and a high state of civilization, as he had the whites, and if he had not m^de them to work out a great destiny within the tropics of the Globe, where they are so peculiarly adapted by their unique and natural organizations, to reclaim the wilds of gigantic forests, why would this race have been formed unalterably as they are in shape of body, head, lips, eyes, color, and of all that distinguishes the progressive existences of colors from man, if it was not intended, that there should not be mixtures of colors ?

If our destiny had been alike, it would have been as easy to have had all existences of colors like the white race, or the white race like them, and our Great Prototype ; and yet there are a few enthusiasts who will argue that the negro or the colored existences are created after the Image of the Creator; for they affirm this to be the fact of all the races. In this there seems to he a palpable contradiction, for it is irreconcilable with natural philosophy, to suppose for a moment, that two colors, distinct in their natures and organizations, could be created after the Image of One Being, for this being must have had color, as well as other natural characteristics, or he was not nor is a being ; and hence we would infer that, speaking technically, philosophically and phrenologically, there could have been but one race of man created after the Image of the Creator, and that all others were created subordinate to him, filling intermediate positions between him and the lower scale of animated nature. Every thing, and every creature of a class we see, are full of proofs, as indicating distinct colors and separate organizations, from the lowest creeping plant, to Him, who has proved himself of all others, to be created after the Image of his Creator. In the organization of the planets and stars in the Firmament, there was no chance work ; — there was design with reference to weight, quantity of matter, kind of matter, momentum, attraction and repulsion; or otherwise, how long could they have revolved within their orbits, without deviation to the right or the left? and how long could they have endured collision without having been dashed to atoms? In all this we see perfection in their design and finish ; and how much like this characterized perfection in the firmament above, is the Genius of the white race displaying itself in all of its artistic and scientific advaiicements ! Behold our factories of all kinds where machinery is used, and what do we see but design and perfection in the rotary or longitudinal direction of those bodies which seem to reason from cause to effect, and from effect to cause ! In all this, a Wise Providence has indicated the Race created after the Image of Him, our Creator !