Modern diagnosis and treatment of diseases of childern; a treatise on the medical and surgical diseases of infancy anf childhood

Front matter

Book

Copyright N°_

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT.

Preface

This volume is pre-eminently a clinical treatise on the medical and surgical diseases of infancy and childhood, embodying also the essentials of the theory of pediatrics so as to meet the needs of both the medical student and general practitioner. It is based chiefly upon the author's very extensive personal experience in hospital, dispensary and private practice, and presents an amplitude of observations, which is obtainable only in large cosmopolitan centers of population like Greater New York.

The time-worn, stereotyped, verbatim quotations of different authors, and the customary overabundance of illustrations of fads and fancies of enterprising tradesmen — which so conveniently help to "pad" a great many of our text-books — have been entirely eliminated. The valuable ' space thus gained has been utilized for an ample array of carefully selected photographs and notes to illustrate and emphasize the most important diseased conditions as met in actual practice.

In addition to less important innovations throughout the book,- the author has ventured to introduce material changes, especially in the following subjects: Feeble vitality of the newly born ; 'hsemorrhcea congenita et acquisita ; microcephalia ; infant feeding; gastroenterocolitis ; acute meningitis; tuberculosis and tetanism. Furthermore, special chapters are devoted to physical diagnosis and semeiology, general and special therapeutics, congenital malformations, and mental diseases — matters of great importance which have thus far received but little attention in current pediatric literature.

Finally, side-notes are appended to enable especially the medical student at a glance to grasp the most essential points of interest of the subjects under discussion.

We are greatly indebted to our publishers, F. A. Davis Company, for their unselfishness and unusual skill with which they have executed the numerous suggestions of the author in the general make-up of the book.

New York City. II. B. S.

CHAPTER I. PAGE Past and present history of patient 1

Physical examination of the

Head and its contents 4

Neck and throat 16

Thorax and its contents 17

Abdomen and its contents 36

Urogenital system 44

Vertebral column 50

Extremities 51

Weight and length of the child 57

CHAPTER XVI. Skin Diseases 591

Index 607

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIG. PAGE.

1. Top View of the Foetal Skull (Grandin, Jarman and Marx) 3

2. Posterior View of the Foetal Skull (Grandin, Jarman and Marx). 4

3. Diagram of the Visual Tract (Sheffield) 9

4. First (Milk) Set of Teeth (Starr) 13

5. The Thoracic and Abdominal Regions (Sheffield) 18

6. The Regions of the Back (Sheffield) 19

7. Diagnostic Lines of the Thorax (Sheffield) 22

8. Anterior Boundaries of the Lungs (Sheffield) 23

9. Posterior Boundaries of the Lungs (Sheffield) 24

10. Skiagram of Normal Heart 29

11. Topography of the Heart (Sheffield) 30

12. 13, 14. The Relative and Absolute Heart Dullness at Different

Ages (Sheffield) 31

15. Location of Heart-apex at Different Ages (Sheffield) 32

16. Topography of Cardiac Valves (Sheffield) 34

17. The Thoracic and Abdominal Regions (Sheffield) 37

18. Topography of the Liver and Spleen (Sheffield) • • 38

19. Topography of Kidneys, Spleen and Liver (Sheffield) 39

2C. Severe Acute Nephritis (Lenhartz) 47

21. Weight Chart 58

22. Microscopical Appearances of Woman's Milk (After Fleiseh-

man) 61

23. Breast Pump 63

24. Holt's Milk Set 64

25. Chapin's Dipper for Removal of ''Top-milk" 70

26. Arnold Steam Sterilizer 71

27. Stages in Widal Reaction (After Robin) 102

28. Stomach Tube 107

29. Microcephalus — brain disease (Sheffield) 123

30. Microcephalus — miniature brain (Sheffield) 124

31. Congenital Hydrocephalus (Sheffield) 125

32. Hare-lip (Sheffield) 129

33. Bilateral Anophthalmia (Sheffield) 131

34. Megacolon Congenitum (Sheffield) 140

35. Congenital Absence of Scrotum and its Contents, Anus and

Rectum (Sheffield) 141

36. Stomach and Intestines of Case Fig. 35 (Sheffield) 142

37. Diastasis Recti Abdominis (Sheffield) 143

38. Umbilical I fernia (Sheffield) 144

39. Thoracoabdominopagus, with Ectopia Viscerum (Sheffield) 145

40. Skiagram of Thoracoabdominopagus (Sheffield) 146

41. Congenital Hydrocele, Communicans (Sheffield) 152

42. Spina Bifida 155

43. Congenital Talipes Varus (Sheffield) 158

(ix)

x LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIG. PAGE.

44. Obstetric Facial Pals}- (Sheffield) 161

45,46. Bilateral Obstetric Brachial Paralysis (Sheffield) 162,163

47. Obstetric Brachial Paralysis (Sheffield) 164

48. I ucubator for Premature Infants 169

49. Incubator Room for Newly Born Babies with Feeble Vitality

50. Gonococcus. (Gonorrhoeal Pus.) (colored) (Lenharts and

Brooks) 175

51. Bacillus Tetani ( After Frdnkel and Pfeiffer) 179

52. Ulcerative Stomatitis (Sheffield) 186

53. Gastroenterocolitis Chronica (Sheffield) 201

54. Prolapsus Recti (Sheffield) 211

55. Oxyuria Vermicularis (After Leuckart) 223

56. Taenia Saginata (Partly after Leuckart) ( Leu hart.::) 223

57. Taenia Solium (After Leuckart) 225

58. Bothriocephalic Latus (After Leuckart) 225

59. Taenia Nana (After Leuckart) 226

60. Taenia Echinococcus of the Dog (After Leuckart) 227

61. Ankylostomum Duodenale (After Leuckart) 228

62. 63, 64. Amyloid Liver and Spleen (Sheffield) 232, 233

65. Tonsillotome 243

69. \denoid Curette 247

70. Retropharyngeal Abscess (Sheffield) 249

71. Diplococcus Pneumoniae (Pneumococcus) (colored) (Lenharts

and Brooks) 266

72. Fever Curve of Typical Lobar Pneumonia (Sheffield) 267

73. Fever Curve of Fatal Apex Pneumoniae (Sheffield) 268

74. Pneumothorax (Sheffield) 284

75. 76. Pneumohypoderma (Sheffield ) 285, 286

77. Influenza Bacilli (colored) (Lenharts and Brooks) ■ 287

78. Fever Curve of Atypical Influenza (Sheffield) 288

79. Paralysis of the N. Abducens (Sheffield) 289

80. Diphtheria or Klebs-Loffler Bacilli (colored) (Lenharts and

Brooks) 297

81. Introducer with Tube and Detached Obturator 306

82. Extubator 307

83. Mild Discrete Small pox (Schamberg) 324

84. Fatal Small-pox (Schamberg) 325

85. Fever Curve of Typhoid Fever (Sheffield) 329

86. I ever Curve of Tuberculous Meningitis (Sheffield) 337

87. Lumbar Puncture (Sheffield) 339

88. Bilateral Epidemic Mumps (Sheffield) 345

89. Tubercle Bacilli and Micrococcus Tetragenus (sputum)

(colored) ( Lenharts and Brooks) 352

90 to 94. Breathing Exercises (Sheffield) 353

95. Acute Pulmonary Miliary Tuberculosis (Langerhans) 356

96. Miliary Tuberculosis (skiagram) (Sheffield) 357

97. Tuberculosis (Ziegler) 359

98. Phthisis Pulmonum (Sheffield) 362

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. x j

FIG. PAGE.

99. Tuberculosis of the Brain (Sheffield) 366

100. Tuberculous Peritonitis (Sheffield) 367

101. Tubercular Infiltration (Leedham-Green) 371

102. Tubercular Ulcer (Leedham-Green) 371

103. Bladder Tuberculosis of Left Kidney (Wyatt) 371

104. Tuberculous Axillary Lymphadenitis (Sheffield) 373

105. Tuberculous Disease of the Elbow-joint (Sheffield) 375

106. Pott's Disease (Langerhans) 376

107. 108. Cervical Spondylitis (Sheffield) 377, 378

109, 110. Dorsal Spondylitis (Sheffield) 379, 380

111, 112. Lateral Spinal Curvature (Sheffield) 382, 383

113. Rachitic scoliotic skeleton (Grandin, Jarman and Marx) 384

114. Paralytic Scoliosis (Sheffield) 385

115. 116. Lateral Spinal Curvature (Sheffield) 386, 387

117, 118. Hip-joint Disease (Sheffield) 388, 389

119. Sarcoma of the Femur (Sheffield) 390

120. Tuberculous Disease of the Knee-joint (Sheffield) 391

121. Spina Ventosa (Sheffield) 393

122. Osteomyelitis of Tibia (Semi) : 395

123. Osteomyelitis of the Radius (Senn) 397

124. 125, 126. Congenital Syphilis (Sheffield) 398, 399, 400

127. Pemphigus Syphiliticus (Sheffield) 401

128. Syphilitic "Hutchinson Teeth" (Sheffield) 405

129. Syphilitic Osteoperiostitis of the Tibia; (Sheffield) 406

130. Malaria Plasmodia; Tertian Type (colored) (Lenharts and

Brooks) 410

131. Temperature Chart of Quotidian and Tertian Malarial Fever

132. Rheumatic Polyarthritis (Sheffield) 416

133. 134. Rheumatic Torticollis (Sheffield) 418, 419

135. Multiple Exostoses (Sheffield) 426

136. Vitium Cordis. "Morbus Cceruleus" (Sheffield) 429

137. Dextrocardia (Sheffield) 432

138. Fever Curve of Malignant Endocarditis (Sheffield) 438

139. Acute Hemorrhagic Nephritis (Lenharts and Brooks) 448

140. 141. Acute Nephritis with General Anasarca (Sheffield) 449, 450

142. Sarcoma of the Kidney (Sheffield) 457

143. Precocity (Sheffield) 469

144. 145. Pseudoleukemia Infantum Splenica (Sheffield) 473, 474

146. Acute Leukemia (Lenharts and Brooks) 475

147. Progressive Pernicious Anemia (Lenharts and Brooks) 476

148. Large Thymus (skiagram) 483

149. Goiter (Sheffield) 486

150. Cystic Goiter (Sheffield) 487

151. Congenital Cretinism (Sheffield) 488

152. 153, 154. Sporadic Cretinism (Sheffield) 489, 490, 491

155. Marasmus (Sheffield) 494

156. Rachitic Frons Quadrata .-mil Curvature of Spine (Sheffield).... 497

157. Rachitic Beading of Ribs, "Pot-belly" and Bowlegs (Sheffield).. 498

1 58. Rachitic Kyphosis ( She field ) ' ' -109 xi ; LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

FIG. PAGE.

159. Rachitic Bowlegs, "Jug"-shaped Abdomen, and Separation of

Epiphyses (Sheffield) 500

160. Rachitic Knock-knees (Sheffield) 501

161. Achondroplasia (Sheffield) 505

162. Moeller-Barlow's Disease /Sheffield) 506

163. 164. Adipositas (Sheffield) 510. 511

165. Acquired Hydrocephalus, Following Acute Gastroenterocolitis

166. Polioencephalitis (Sheffield) 520

167. Encephalitis, with Left Hemiplegia (Sheffield) 523

168. Anterior Poliomyelitis, Involving Right Arm (Sheffield) 529

169. Poliomyelitis, Involving Right Leg (Sheffield) 530

170. Poliomyelitis, Involving the Xeck (Sheffield) 531

171. Anterior Poliomyelitis. Affecting Right Leg (Sheffield) 532

1 72. 1 'aralytic Equinovarus in Poliomyelitis ( Sheffield ) 533

173. Anterior Poliomyelitis. Involving Extremities, Face and Abdom-

inal Muscles (Sheffield) 534

174. Little's Disease (Sheffield) 539

175. Peripheral Facial Paralysis— Bell's Palsy (Sheffield) 541

176. 177, 178. Pseudohypertrophic Paralysis (Sheffield) 546, 547

184 Tetany (Sheffield) 561

185. Hydrocephalic Idiot (Sheffield) 575

ISo. 1S7. Microcephalic Idiot. Amaurotic Idiot (Sheffield) 576

188. Mongolian Idiocy. (Calmuck type ) (Sheffield ) 577

189. Mongolian Idiocy. (Malay type) (Sheffield) 578

190. Cretinic Idiot (Sheffield) 579

191. Paralytic Idiot ( Sheffield) 580

192. 193. Infantilism (Sheffield) 581

194. Skiagram of Wrist of Normal Child (Sheffield) 582

195. Skiagram of Wrist of Idiot ( Sheffield ) 582

196. Amaurotic Family Idiocy (Sheffield) 583

197. The Normal Fundus of the Right Eye (Henle) 583

198. Macular Change (cherry-red color) in Amaurotic Family Idiocy

199. Seborrheic Eczema of Head and Face /Sheffield) 592

200. Psoriasis (Sheffield) 596

2l)l. Psoriasis of the Legs (Shoemaker ) 597

202. Herpes Zoster /Sheffield) 598

Ji i3. Phthirius Pubis (Crab-louse) (Alter Landois) 601

2()4. Sarcoptes Scabiei (After Gudden) 602

205. Trichophyton Tonsurans (After Bissozero) 603

206. Tinea Tonsurans (Shoemaker) 604

207. Achorion Schoenleinii ( After Bissosero) 605