A practical and theoretical French grammar

Front matter

(lass.

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT

IP

Preface

IV. Whenever the pupil meets with a sentence that has no question or no answer, let him compose the question or the answer.

Y. After the exercises have been translated and spoken out aloud, the teacher saving the English and the pupil the French of all the exercises, and after che next lesson has been read with the teacher, in order that in studying his lesson the pupil may have the right pronunciation of all the words, if there is any time left, let there be as much conversation in French as possible, between the teacher and the pupil, in using all the words which the latter knows already, but especially those of the lesson of the day.

The pupil is referred to the Twentieth Lesson, p. 53, for the form of the English words, the French of which are not given in the Lessons succeeding the Twentieth.

SUPERIOK METHOD

OF

TEACHING FRENCH.

PAKT I.

PREMIERE LEgOK— First Lesson.

The Fre'*«h Language is composed of twenty-five letters, viz. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, D, P, Q,

ah, bay, ea> day, ay, f, zhay, ash, ee, zhee, kah, 1, m, n, o, pay, ku,

VOWELS or SIMPLE SOUNDS.

ah, uh, ai, ey, ey, ee, o, eu, ee.

b-\ pa, da, ta, ma, na, sa, 5a, ca, ua;

b=>, pe, de, te, me, ne, se, ce, que ;

be, pe, de, te, me, ne, se, ce, que ;

be> pe, de, te, me, ne, se, ce, que ;

bi, pi, di, ti, mi, ni, si, ci, qui ;

*>y> py» d y» ty> m y> n y> s y> c y> quy;

Lo, po, do, to, mo, no, so, 90, co, ko ;

ba, pu, du, tu, mu, nu, su, §u, cu, ku ;

SOUNDS COMPOSED IN FORM.

ai, aie, au, eau, ou, oi, eu, ceu;

ay, ay,

0,

Oi

00,

00 ah, uh, uh;

an, en, on, un, in, oin.

»-aing *

* TM *he scholar pronounce every one of the composed sounds by prefixing the consonants.

DEUXIEME LEC0U.

DEUXI&ME LEgON.— Second Lesson.

Vous. * Vous avez.

Avez-vous 1

Je.

Ai-je ?

J'ai.

You.

You have.

Have you ?

Havel?

I have.

Obs. A. — The pronounce drops the e, when it stands beforo a verb commencing with a vowel or h mute.

Le, masc.

La, fern.

The.

Pain, tn.

Bread.

Viande, f.

Meat.

Vin, m.

Wine.

Cafe, m.

Coffee.

The, m.

Tea.

Chocolat, m.

Chocolate.

Sucre, m.

Sugar.

Pomme, f.

Apple.

Poire, f.

Pear.

L'eau, f.

The water.

Obs. B. — L' stands for le or la h efore a vowel or h mute.

Avez-vous le pain ?

Have you the bread ?

Oui, Monsieur, j'ai le pain.

Yes, Sir, T have the bread

Ai-je l'eau 1

Have I the water ?

Vous avez la viande.

You have the meat.

J'ai le cafe.

I have the coffee.

EXERCICE 1. f Avez-vous le pain ? Oui, Monsieur, j'ai le pain. Avez-vous la

* The letter s between two vowels, sounds like z: poison is pronounced poo-ah-zong.

S and x at the end of a word, ivhich is to be pronounced with another word beginning with a vowel, have the sound of z : mes amis is pro* nounced mey z ah-me, and faux amis, fo z ah-me.

When d is pronounced roith the following word, it takes the sound of % : grand ami is pronounced grang t ahme.

TROISlftMB LE^ON. 3

viande ? J'ai la viande. Ai-je le cafe ? Vous avez le cafe. Ai-je le via ? Vous avez le vin. Avez-vous le sucre ? J'ai le sucre. Avez-vous le the ? J'ai le sucre. Ai-je la poire ? Vous avez la poire. Ai-je la pomme? Oui, Monsieur, vous avez la pomme. Avez-vous le chocolat ? J'ai le chocolat. Avez-vous l'eau ? J'ai l'eau. Ai-je le vin ? Vous avez le vin. Avez-vous l'eau ? J'ai l'eau. Avez-vous le sucre ? Oui, Monsieur, j'ai le sucre. Vous avez le pain. J'ai ia pomme. Avez-vous la poire ? J'ai la poire. Ai-je la viande ? Vous avez la viande. Ai-je l'eau ? Vous avez l'eau. Vous avez le chocolat. Avez-vous la poire ? J'ai la poire. Avez-vous la pomme ? J ai la pomme. Ai-je le sucre? Vous avez le sucre. Ai-je le vin ? Oui, Monsieur, vous avez le vin. Avez-vous la viande ? J'ai la viande.

Have I the apple ? Yes, Sir, you have the apple. Have you the meat ? I have the meat. Have you the pear ? I have the pear. Have I the water ? You have the water. Have I the wine ? You have the wine. Have you the coffee ? I have the coffee. Have you the tea ? I have the tea. 1 have the sugar. Have you the chocolate ? I have the chocolate. Have you the bread ? I have the bread. Have I the meat ? You have the meat. Have I the wine ? You have the wine. I have the water. Have you the sugar ? Yes, Sir, I have the sugar. Have you the coffee ? I have the coffee. Have I the apple ? You have the apple. Have you the bread ? 1 have the bread. You have the meat. Have I the water ? You have the water. Have you the pear ? I have the pear.

TROISI&ME LEgON.— Zftu-c* Lesson,

Nous.

Nous avons.

Avons-nous ?

We.

We have.

Have we?

Adjectives must be of the same gender and number as the noun to which they relate.

An adjective is made feminine by adding e mute to the masculine as:

Mauvais, mauvaise. I Bad.

Grand, grande. Great, big, large tall

Petit, petite I Small, little.

TROISIKME LE£0».

Habit, ra.

Coat.

Chapeau, m.

Hat.

Robe, f.

Dress, gown.

Bon, bonne.

Good.

Et.

And.

Ou.

Or.

Mon, m. Ma, f.

My.

Notre.

Our.

Votre.

Your.

FRENCH GENDERS.

There are in French about 15,548 nouns, of which 8,415 are mas. culine, and 7,133 feminine.

A. — Nouns ending in a, are masculine ; as :

Un sofa.

Un agenda.

Le quinquina.

Le cholera.

Le pacha.

Mon Moka.

A sofa.

A memorandum-book.

The Peruvian bark.

The cholera.

The pacha.

My Mocha coffee.

Except la sepia, the sepia ; la vinula, vinula ; and la talpa, tumor ; which are feminine.

Avons-nous votre habit ? Vous avez mon habit. Avez-vous ma robe ? J'ai votre robe et votre petit chapeau. Ai-je l'habit ? Voua avez l'habit. Avons-nous votre grand sofa? Vous avez notre grand sofa. Avez-vous notre bon ou notre mauvais vin? Nous avons votre bon vin? Ai-je votre petit agenda? Vous avez mon grand agenda. Avons-nous votre bon pain ou votre mauvaise viande? Votis avez mon bon pain. Avez-vous le bon ou le mauvais sucre ? J'ai le bon eucre et la mauvaise pomme. Avez-vous ma bonne petite poire ? J'ai votre bonne petite poire. Avons-nous votre bon moka ? Vous avez mon bon moka et ma bonne eau. Avez-vous ma robe? J'ai votre robe et votre grand chapeau. Ai-je votre bon cafe ou votre mauvais chocolat? Vous avez mon bon chocolat et ma mauvaise viande. Avez-vous le quinquina? Oui, monsieur, j'ai le quinquina. T'ai l'habit.

QDATRIKME LEfOIT.

Have I your large hat 1 You have my small hat. Have you my good coffee or my bad bread ? We have your good coffee and your bud bread. Have you my little dress ? I have your little dress. Have we your good meat or your good wine] You have our good meat. Have you our good tea or our bad water ? I have your good water. Have we your little sofa? You have our large sofa. Have I tho water or the Peruvian bark ? You have the water and the Peruvian bark. Have you our good Mocha coffee ? We have your good Mocha coffee and your bad sugar. Have you my memorandum-book ? Yes, Sir, I have your memorandum-book. Have I the coat ? You have the coat and the gown. Have we the good chocolate] You have the good chocolate and the good meat.

QUATRlftME LEgOK— Fourth Lesson.