Memorials of Washington and of Mary, his mother, and Martha, his wife

Front matter

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Chapter I

Arrival of the painter Sharpies in New York in 1794, and again in 1809 —Yellow fever prevalent— Cary's letters introducing him to the British Minister and Washington— English descent of the Washingtons— Sharpies paints two portraits of Washington and one of his w if e _Their despatch to England— One returns to America, and is exhibited before the Historical Society of New York in 1854— Article from New York Albion at the time— Great interest taken by Lord Lyndhurst in the Sharpies and Middleton portraits .... 1

Chapter II. The Sharples Portraits Before The New York Historical Society

New York Historical Society minutes record as to the portrait loaned in 1854— Secretary Warner details its reception before the Society — Letter of the venerable Dr. Van Pelt, who remembered Washington, and testifies to his portrait— Letter from Washington Irving, referring to its accuracy, and asking permission to engrave it for his contemplated " Life of Washington"— Letter from the Poets Bryant and Longfellow, expressing admiration of the portrait — Letters from Washington Irving, urging purchase and stating that money cost is guaranteed — Letter from Colden to Macready in England— Macready replies with full history of the portraits— Letter from Dickens and Thackeray l 3

Chapter III

The three portraits return to New York in 1882, and are received at Century and Union League Clubs— David Huntington, Eastman Johnson, J. G. A- Ward, and Launt Thompson certify to their authenticity — The historian Dunlap and his account of the pictures

The New York Evening Post commends them to public notice —

Ralph Waldo Emerson testifies and names Middleton's portrait of Mary Washington, to see which his efforts when in England were ineffectual— Letters from Nathaniel Hawthorne, Elihu Burritt, and Albert Gallatin— Speech of Daniel Webster on the portraits . . 25

CONTENTS.

Chapter IV

Cary and Co., London, Washington's agents— Robert Cary more than a friend — Washington's fondness for English tripe — Letter from Washington expressing his own and Mrs. Washington's feeling in regard to the portraits, and as not favouring their being duplicated — Sharpies formally introduced to Washington in Philadelphia by English Minister — Stays with the younger Franklin — Washington's great kindness— Introduced to Hamilton, who becomes his patron and friend — Emerson's efforts to see the portrait of Mary Washington duplicated — Artist life in New York — Voyage up the Hudson in 1S09 4i

Chapter V

Sharpies becomes "the fashion'' in New York — Trumbull and the Hon. Mr. Jay make unsuccessful efforts for reproduction of the portraits for America— Letter from Trumbull urging same, and explaining their great value to the nation, also giving account of all the other existent portraits, contrasting them — Sharpies paints Priestley in Philadelphia — Hamilton, Lee, and Washington meet in the painter's studio in Philadelphia— Affability and personal appearance of Washington— Sharpies visits Lee in Virginia— Admirable criticism of the portraits by G. B. West, of St. Paul's 57

Chapter VI

Washington's dreamy hours — Hamilton explains to Sharpies that Washington fancies himself connected with the Methuen family, of Corsham, England — The Chief's profound knowledge of English history — Description of Corsham, its old mansion and church — De Witt Clinton's attachment to Sharpies — His greatness, and public sympathy at death — Leading public men, through Washington and Hamilton, unite in guaranteeing commissions to Sharpies — Biography of the guarantors — Washington, Hamilton, and Tobias Lear take supper with the artist S3

Chapter VII

Mary Washington — Existence of an authenticated Portrait by Middleton — Its mutilated condition — Letter of Washington stating its injuries, how occurring, and desiring repair — The portrait sent to England for restoration — Royal Academician Bird undertakes it — The widow Sharpies medium of communicating with the Custis family as to restoration of the painting — Bird completes it — Cary eventually pays the cost — General Grant views the portrait — His letter to the owner, expressing great thankfulness for the privilege extended him

Chapter VIII

Attractive nature of female excellences — their qualities illustrated in Mary Washington — Good Parson Baker's teachings — Mary Washington's family descent — Source of her religious inspiration — The home of her youth — Her sponsors at baptism — Armorial bearings of her

CONTENTS.

family— Washington and Franklin families originally residents in same part of England— Washington assists in removal of his mother to Fredericksburg— Her example under bereavement— Washington relates the advantages she received from Parson Baker's instruction— Remarks on his mother's portrait — Her bearing as a widow, and watchful care of her children— Her example meet for general imitation

CHAPTER XI.

Chapter IX

Washington's pursuit in life directed by his mother— Mary Washington's life one of general privacy— Letter from Washington to his mother —Another letter assuring deference to her wishes— Mary's estimate of human greatness— Her interest deep though not over-sanguine of the triumph of America in the struggle— Her thankfulness at the success in passage of the Delaware— Her fervent gratitude in the surrender of Lord Cornwallis— Religious traditions bequeathed by Mary Washington— Her meeting her son after this eventful occurrence —The ball at Fredericksburg— Declines relinquishing her independent home— Her home happiness and abstemious life— Lafayette's visit— Washington's last visit and general submission to his mother. 139

Chapter X

Washington's distrust of the French Revolution— His persona! sacrifices during his terms of Presidency, 17S9 to 1796— Imminent danger of the country during his second Presidency— Avails of the horrors excited by the French Revolution for praiseworthy purposes- Sharpies' devotion to Washington— Washington's genius, evidenced in his conduct at time of the Declaration of Independence, retrieves the desperate condition of the country's affairs— The intrigues of Genet— Washington's message of December, 1793, on the country's foreign relations — Great excitement everywhere — Washington dignified and unswerving— Robert Cary tracks the designs 'and doings of Genet and other enemies in America— Pinckney's despatches make known England's desire for peace— Cary's great love and devotion to Washington ....

Mount Vernon Washington's goal of happiness— His visits there when a child— Lawrence Washington's marriage with Anne Fairfax — Their residence at Mount Vernon built by him — George as a boy visiting there— Joseph Ball's letter to Mary Washington, discouraging the sending George to sea— Early susceptibility to female attractions —Appointed public surveyor to Culpepper County— Excels as an athlete— Introduced to Martha Custis— Courtship, marriage, and early married life— Domestic habits— George Mason his neighbour and friend — The churches in which he' worshipped, and their ministers — Martha Washington's children— Her daughter's death —Destroys her husband's letters — Lawrence at Mount Vernon — Sharpies assists in improving the grounds — Washington and Lafayette—Able summary of Washington's character from Hunt's Merchant's Magazine i 9 6 xii CONTENTS.

Chapter XII. Pag]

< ibject of the Memorials — Washington joins Braddock— Early discouragements — Mary Phillipse— Rochambeau at Mount Vernon — English description of Washington — Rebukes Lund Washington — Labour in founding the City of Washington — Visits his mother at Fredericksburg — Declines State money aid — Course of life at Mount Vernon — Organization of Congress— Washington elected President — Proceeds to New York — Ovations en route — Sworn in as President — Seat of Government removed to Philadelphia — The Philadelphia mansion — Washington's English carriage described — also his presentation china— Equipages and plate described — Loss of valuable correspondence between Sharpies and Robert Fulton greatly to be deplored — Eventful occurrences of 1794 and 1795— Jefferson's retirement— and requested resumption of office — Vaughan, a London merchant, presents chimney-piece at Mount Vernon 241

Chapter XIII

Robert Fulton and Sharpies, as artists and men of science, close friends during many years — Sketch of Fulton's steam and torpedo discoveries — Sharpies' death — The unfinished oil portraits and sketches of female beauties left by Sharpies— Vicissitudes through which many passed — Articles from the Boston papers — Testimony of the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher and Dr. Poole, Librarian of Chicago — The portraits' reception at Chicago, St. Paul, Cincinnati, and Philadelphia— Articles from the Chicago, Philadelphia, and Cincinnati papers — Testimony of Charles Henry Hart and W. G. Baker, of Philadelphia — Washington's high sense of duty in dealing with public appointments — Defence of Washington in the case of Andre from the charges preferred by historians — Washington's illness and death— Proceedings in the National Legislature consequent on his death — Rev. Dr. Bancroft on Washington ....

LIST OF PORTRAITS.

Profile Portrait of Washington / .

Full-Face Portrait of Washington*/; Martha Washington ....

General Hamilton's Wife (nee Schuyler) Priestley ... ■ ■

Miss Field *<

Mary, Mother of Washington l^ Miss Jay ^ .

Mrs. Van Ransalaerk Patrick Henry's Daughter - Angelica Peale . £r .

Robert Fulton's Wife (nee Livingstone)

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Frontispiece

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Mary Phillipse

Writers of the time record how the young soldier, apparently invincible to the mortal weapons of war, was sorely smitten by the sly archer concealed in the bright eyes, blooming cheeks, and winning ways of Mary Phillipse. He lingered in her presence as long as duty would permit, and would fain have carried her away with him to Virginia as a bride, but his natural diffidence kept the momentous question unspoken in his heart, and Roger Morris bore away the prize.

Robert Fulton

The pioneer in the application of steam-power to purposes of navigation. The first inventor of torpedoes and of submarine war vessels.

Chapter I

Arrival of the painter Sharpies in New York in 1794, and again in 1809 — Yellow fever prevalent — Car^s letters introducing him to the British Minister and Washington — English descent of the Washingtons — Sharpies paints two portraits of Washington and one of his wife — Their despatch to England — One returns to America, and is exhibited before the Historical Society of New York in 1854— Article from New York Albion at the time— Great interest taken by Lord Lyndhurst in the Sharpies and Middleton portraits.

JAMES Sharples, the artist to whom the world stands indebted for the portraits of Washington and his wife, was an Englishman who studied in London under the eminent painter, George Romney. He paid two visits to America, the first occasion was in 1 794, when the vessel on board which he, his wife, son, and daughter were passengers, was captured by a French frigate and taken into Brest, where they remained prisoners of war for some months. After his release he succeeded in getting out safely to New York, and resided in a house in Greenwich Street, and which was afterwards occupied by Bishop Moor. The date of his return to England is not known. Their second visit was in 1809, the voyage being made from Bristol in seven weeks in the brig Nancy, commanded by Captain Barstow. This vessel sailed from Bristol on the 1st of June, and reached New York on the 21st of July, 1809. They occupied a house in Lispinard Street, owned by a Mr. Knapp. There is now resident in Brooklyn, New York, a gentleman named Pope, whose wife is the daughter of the very captain

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ENTERING NEW YORK HARBOUR.

who brought the family out, and who testifies as follows as to their arrival and occurring incidents during the voyage : —

"Brooklyn, April 3, 1882.

Our family retains a very pleasant remembrance of Mr. and Mrs. Sharpies as often spoken of by my wife's father, Captain Wilson Barstow, with whom they came as passengers from Bristol in the brig Nancy, in 1809 — indeed there seems to have grown up on the voyage a very strong feeling of mutual regard, as evinced in a letter of Mrs. Sharpies. Mr. Sharpies had offered a portrait of the captain to be made on the voyage, but this being declined, he painted for him in cabinet size a composition of Paul

and Virginia, which picture we now have.

G. L. Pope."

Memoranda found among the family papers thus refer to their voyage and landing in New York : —

" On the 30th of May, 1809, political circumstances being favourable to our returning to America, as also the season of the year, we decided to embark in the packet from Falmouth, or in a brig at Bristol, the only vessel preparing to sail for New York, in order that my husband should execute Mr. Cary's commissions. We had some little hesitation which vessel to take, which was finally decided in favour of the latter, she being pronounced well-built and perfectly safe, the captain very skilful and of excellent character. We sailed from Kingroad, Bristol, on the 1st of June, and came in sight of Sandy Hook on the 20th of July. On the following day, early in the morning, we were opposite Staten Island, and within sight of New York, waiting for the port physician. We were disappointed in not seeing our old acquaintance, Dr. Rogers, who we regretted to learn was detained at home by indisposition. Dr. Baily came

LANDING AND MEETING WITH FRIENDS.

on board to examine the ship and people, and finding us all healthy, we were permitted to proceed to the city. Several newsmen also came on board to gain information respecting the politics of Europe, and we furnished them with papers. My husband and daughter Rolinda went on shore in one of their boats: the ship sailed up to the wharf. I remained anxiously expecting their return with information concerning our son James, whom we had left behind us in New York. My husband continuing absent some time, I began to apprehend either that some accident had befallen our son, or that he had left the city. Mr. Sharpies and Rolinda returned without him, being a great disappointment, but their countenances indicated that all was well. We engaged apartments at Mrs. Williams', at whose house my son had boarded since his arrival in America. Mrs. Williams received us in the most kind and friendly manner, and gave us the most satisfactory intelligence respecting his conduct during nearly three years that he had been with her. She seemed to have a motherly affection for him, to be delighted to see his parents and sister, and talk with them about him. Previous to dinner we walked in the city, and called on Miss Templeton, who very cordially welcomed our return,-and in a way the most dignified and pleasing. After some time her mother made known to us that a week ago she had been married to Mr. Johnson. We engaged to take tea with them the next evening. On Sunday, the 23rd, Mr. Connard and Mr. Seymore accompanied us to St. George's Church. We were much struck with the beauty of its interior and decorations. Nine elegant glass chandeliers were suspended from the ceiling. On the 24th we went to see a house in State Street, which was to let. On going through it we concluded it would suit us very well. On inquiring the rent we were told it was a thousand dollars, besides taxes : this made us hesitate, and we concluded

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4 YELLOW FEVER IN NEW YORK CITY.

first to see a little more of the town and country. After dinner we went into the upper part of the town to examine houses that were to let, and went to Vauxhall Gardens. Dr. Miller called on the 25th, and expressed being much pleased at our return. He was easy and dignified ; his conversation and manner were particularly pleasing. On the 26th, Mr. Charles Miller paid us a visit, and in the evening took us in a coach to drink tea at his country house in Greenwich. We were much pleased with our drive and visit. The houses on the island are delightfully pleasant, particularly those situated on the North River where the gardens are beautiful. On the 28th we called to see Bishop Moor, and found him living in the house we formerly occupied near Greenwich. The family were not at home. We afterwards called at Dr. Anderson's, Mr. Hodge's, and Mr. King's. Yellow fever was the prevailing subject of conversation ; two cases had occurred in streets near ours, and every person manifested alarm. After much looking about, Mr. MacLain and other friends aiding our inquiries, we took a house in Lispinard Street, of Mr. Knapp, the owner. Governor and Mrs. Morris have been to see us, and took us to see Cooper in ' Macbeth.' "

This interesting letter shows the class of society in which the family had moved during their previous residence, and that their return was cordially welcomed. Sharpies possessed some little private property, and was a man of culture, as well as versed in science. He had been led to America on the first occasion consequent on a sea voyage having been recommended for his health, and, as at the moment several commissions were offered him to paint officers of the army who at the close of the war had settled in America, and whose relatives in England desired portraits, he availed of the opportunity. Chief among such orders

WASHINGTON'S ANCESTRY.

was a commission from Mr. Robert Cary, a merchant in London, who for many years had acted as mercantile agent for Washington in the sale of his tobacco grown on his estate.

' The house " of Cary and Co. had more than one client of the Washington family. In this connection it is interesting to go back to the period of the family first coming out to America, and to trace it from the year 1538 in England, such being the date when the manor of Sulgrave, in Northamptonshire, was granted to Lawrence Washington, of Gray's Inn, and for some time Mayor of Northampton, who, it is generally agreed, was born at Warton, in Lancashire, where his father lived. The grandson of this first proprietor of Sulgrave, of the same name, had many children, two of whom, John and Lawrence Washington, being the second and fourth sons, emigrated to Virginia about the year 1657, an ^ settled at Bridges Creek, on the Potomac River, in the county of Westmoreland. The eldest brother, Sir William Washington, married a halfsister of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, and it is established that " blue blood " ruled in all branches of the family. Lawrence had been a student at Oxford ; John had resided on an estate at South Cave, in Yorkshire, which gave rise, as Jared Sparks says, to an erroneous tradition among his descendants that their ancestor came from the north of England. The two brothers bought lands in Virginia ; both were successful cultivators of tobacco, and transacted their home business through the Carys of London.

John Washington, shortly after his arrival in America, was employed in a military command against the Indians, and rose to the rank of colonel. The parish in which he lived was named after him. He married Anne Pope, by whom he had two sons, Lawrence and John, and a

THE WASHINGTON ESTATES.

daughter. The elder son, Lawrence, married Mildred Warner, of Gloucester County, and had three children, John, Augustine, and Mildred.

Augustine Washington, the second son, was twice married. His first wife was Jane Butler, by whom he had three sons and a daughter — Butler (who died in infancy), Lawrence, Augustine, and Jane, the last of whom died likewise when a child. By his second wife, Mary Ball, to whom he was married on the 6th of March, 1730, he had six children, George, Betty, Samuel, John Augustine, Charles, and Mildred.

George Washington, the " Immortal," was born in Westmoreland County, Virginia, on the 22nd day of February, i 732, being the eldest son by the second marriage, greatgrandson of John Washington, who emigrated to America, and the sixth in descent from the first Lawrence Washington, of Sulgrave, Northamptonshire, in England.

At the time of George Washington's birth, his father resided on the banks of the Potomac, in Westmoreland County, but he removed not long afterwards to an estate owned by him in Stafford County, on the east side of the Rappahannoc River, opposite Fredericsburg. Here he lived until his death, which happened, after a sudden and short illness, on the 12th of April, 1743, at the age of forty-nine, and was buried at Bridges Creek, in the tomb of his ancestors. His will proves him to have been possessed of large and valuable properties in lands, and, as these had been acquired chiefly by his own industry and enterprise, it may reasonably be inferred that, in the concerns of business, he was methodical, skilful, honourable, and energetic. His occupation was that of a planter, which, from the first settlement of the country, had been the pursuit of nearly all the principal gentlemen of Virginia.

Jared Sparks further tells us that each of his sons

ROBERT CARY'S ENGAGEMENT OF SHARPIES.

inherited from him a separate plantation. To the eldest, Lawrence, he bequeathed an estate near Hunting Creek ; this is the property now known as Mount Vernon, of worldwide notoriety, which then consisted of twenty-five hundred acres ; and also other lands, and shares in iron-works situated in Virginia and Maryland, which were productive. The second son had for his part an estate in Westmoreland. To George were left the lands and mansion where his father lived at the time of his decease ; and to each of the other sons, an estate of six or seven hundred acres. The youngest daughter died when an infant, and for the only remaining one a suitable provision was made in the will. It is thus seen that Augustine Washington, although suddenly cut off in the vigour of manhood, left all his children in a state of comparative independence. Confiding in the prudence of the mother, he directed that the proceeds of all the property of his children should be at her disposal until they should respectively come of age.

From knowledge of Washington's nobility of character, and great services to his country, and through confidential relations he had personally become greatly endeared to Robert Cary, a merchant in London, his agent, so much so that " I greatly covet the illustrious General, my loved friend's portrait by a competent painter who shall do justice to the noble subject." So wrote Cary at the time. His whole heart, as his purse, was in the matter, and we accordingly find Sharpies sent over the seas to compass his yearning; "having satisfied myself," as he added, " by several interviews with my friend George Romney that Mr. Sharpies, whom he recommends for the purpose, will produce such a work as will meet my wish, and be worthy of the greatest of all men."

Romney had become advanced in years, Sharpies was his pupil, and we may be assured he would select one he

8 THE PORTRAITS REACH ENGLAND IN 1796.

deemed best, as an artist to do justice to the subject ; Washington being then the admired of the whole world, and Robert Cary an old friend he was desirous to serve. Romney came out of Lancashire, so did Sharpies ; there were thus birth ties as well as professional associations between the master and his disciple ; and although there is nothing to show that the latter was a man of great note among artists, yet it must be borne in mind " there were giants in those days" in England's portrait world, and no pretence is made that Sharpies ranked among them. To have sent out either of the stars then shining in portraiture, who would have needed at least eight months' absence — seven and eight weeks being in those days no uncommon length of the voyage either way — was out of the question, for, although Millais' two thousand guineas fee for a single head had not yet cropped up, yet very respectable prices were earned ; Sharpies himself, as a junior unblessed by fame, charging fifty guineas and getting it, — this at a time when men of means were few and far between. His passage outward was paid, and even on his first visit he walked on shore in anything but an impecunious condition, as his wife states that he on landing went and made a deposit of over two hundred pounds in a New York bank, as a nest-egg. It is by no means certain that this comfortable start was to his advantage. Instead of setting to work, and knocking off his commissions, he would appear to have taken things easy. There remains nothing to show the precise date at which he commenced or finished his two portraits of Washington, one a full-face in military uniform, the other a profile, and one of Martha, Washington's wife, a profile.

All that is certain regarding his work at the time, is that the portraits reached England during 1797. Three years and more had thus expired in the interval of his landing and the pictures' arrival. There was no holding on to them

CONTINUITY OF THE PORTRAITS IN THE CARY FAMILY. 9

for exhibition purposes after their completion. Washington and his wife each gave their first sittings at Mount Vernon ; thf General afterwards gave him two final sittings in Philadelphia, but Lady Washington sat to him only at Mount Vernon. All three pictures were taken to New York, and finished there by Sharpies in his own house in Greenwich Street, and were at once sent off to England. Mrs. Sharpies, in a letter to Mr. Cary, dwells on the advantage her husband would have derived from an exhibition of the portraits, and which she said had been " seen by nobody but General Hamilton, Governor Morris, General North, Mr. Van Ransalaer, De Witt Clinton, Chief Justice Marshall, Judge Hobart, the Barclays, Chancellor Livingstone, Judge Kent, the Jays, and intimate friends of the family visiting at Mount Vernon ; whereas if we could have been permitted the opportunity to exhibit them in Philadelphia, and here in New York, it would have benefited my husband greatly."

The portraits have through unbroken continuity been since generally known of and seen by such public men of America as through occasions of going to England were enabled to avail themselves of such to visit Mr. Cary, who up to the time of his death always felt a pleasure in showing the three portraits to any persons desirous, as he was wont to term it, of " paying court to my distinguished guests." Use of the word " guest " would indicate some design on his part to be the instrument of their return to America, and yet he possibly felt that he could hardly present that which had been given to himself. Cary was a bachelor, full of chivalry, and there was nobody to inherit these heirlooms, excepting a younger unmarried brother and one sister. She had become Mrs. Edwardes, and will be seen to hold a trust of deep interest to every American heart, inasmuch as it fell to her lot to inherit the priceless treasure, the portrait of Mary, mother of George Washington, painted by an

C io THE "NEW YORK ALBION" DESCRIBES ONE IN 1S54.

artist named Middleton. At her death the painting passed into the possession of her unmarried daughter, Eleanor Edwardes.

The full-face portrait of Washington, and the Peter Stuyvesant army painting by Heath and Parke — the latter work since reproduced in most artistic manner by the Autotype Company of London — came out from England, and were loaned to the New York Historical Society, and exhibited by that body in the University of New York in April, 1S54, under the announcement that, after a stay at Irving's home, " Sunnyside," " It is brought back to America for the inspection of the country's patriots." Strong feeling was at the time expressed that these works, so truly national, should be worthily engraved. Mr. Astor, Mr. Irving, and others offered to provide funds.

The New York Albion, of which Mr. Young was for some years editor and proprietor, described the full-face portrait in that then popular journal, but which no longer exists. Mr. Young was brother of George Frederick Young, a London merchant of high position, and who sat in Parliament during several sessions. He, together with Mr. Washington Irving, Mr. Astor, and others, took great interest in the pictures when brought back to America in 1853, and the following article, from Mr. Young's pen, appeared in the New York Albion at the time : —

" Members of the Historical Society, artists, and persons generally to whom the subject is attractive, are invited to call at the office of this journal, at any time during the next fortnight, for the purpose of examining a portrait of George Washington, which undoubtedly possesses high merit as a picture, and which there is abundant reason to infer was taken from the life.

Prior to the War of Independence, the mercantile house of Cary and Co,, of London, acted as agents and corre-

EXHIBITED BEFORE N. Y HISTORICAL SOCIETY IN 1854. 1 1

spondents of Washington, then an officer in the British service. Original letters from him to them, evidently not isolated, are before us as we write, forming as it were pendants to the likeness in question. These latter for many years hung over the mantelpiece in Mr. Cary's private office in London, and belonged recently to a Mr. Le Marchant, whose father was in the confidential employ of the firm, and from whom these particulars were obtained. Sharpies was a relative of Mr. Cary, and came to the United States on a tour for the benefit of his health, bringing with him orders and commissions to paint numerous portraits of officers and gentlemen, for their families in England. The connection, therefore, between the subject, the painter, and the original owner of the picture is obvious enough. Whether this Mr. Sharpies is identical with the Mr. Sharpless — two of whose crayon sketches of Washington were in the Washington Exhibition at the Art Union Rooms — we cannot pretend to determine. The slight variation in the mode of spelling the name is unimportant. Perhaps the fact that Mr. Sharpies came hither expressly to execute commissions may account — in view of their identity — for his only leaving such slight souvenirs behind him. The head itself reminds one of Stuart's ; but it has, we think, a latent fire in the eye which is wanting in the ordinary likenesses, and is on the whole more full of character. It is painted with great vigour and breadth, and cannot possibly be mistaken for a copy."