Front matter
* f i-o £
A TREATISE
ON
Preface To The Fourth Edition
When the sudden and lamented death of Mr. Parrish occurred, in September, 1872, he had for some time been engaged in making preparations for a new edition of his Treatise on Pharmacy, in anticipation of the revised U. S. Pharmacopoeia. Stricken down while in the zealous discharge of his duties as a peace commissioner to the Indians, his papers were placed in the hands of the editor, who has endeavored to carry out the views of his deceased friend in so far as they were indicated by the MS. and notes which he left behind.
Among the changes thus introduced will be observed an alteration in the general arrangement of the work. Part I. has been almost entirely rewritten, embodying new topics and some which were formerly in other portions of the volume. Part II. has also been much altered, and the order of the remaining divisions has been changed.
The position which the work has assumed as a leading authority on Pharmacy, and the knowledge that the author had devoted to it so large a portion of the labors of an active and useful life, have made the editor realize fully the responsibility incurred in its revision. This responsibility he has endeavored to discharge conscientiously, regardless of the labor which it involved. During the ten years which have elapsed since the appearance of the last edition, the advance of pharmaceutical science has been marked, and it has been his endeavor to introduce whatever of value has been developed by the investigations and improvements made during that period. In adapting the work, moreover, to the new edition of our
VI PREFACE TO THE FOURTH EDITION.
national Pharmacopoeia it became necessary not only to observe the changes in the list of preparations but to revise the nomenclature. The new notation of chemical substances has likewise been introduced, involving a very laborious revision of all the chemical formulas.
These changes and additions have increased the size of the volume by about one hundred and fifty pages, notwithstanding the care with which all matter that could be considered obsolete has been omitted. It has been the object of the editor throughout to preserve strictly the practical and useful character of the work, and he hopes that it may be found not unworthy a continuance of the confidence which has hitherto been bestowed upon it.
The use of syllabi in the scientific portions of the work has been continued, as designed by the author, experience having still further confirmed his impressions as to their advantage in displaying, in a condensed shape, all important facts connected with the substances described. In alluding to these syllabi it is proper to refer to the author's acknowledgment, in his previous edition, of the valuable assistance rendered by Prof. J. M. Maisch in their preparation.
If it had been possible by any typographical arrangement to make a distinction between the new matter and the old, the editor would gladly have done so. The changes, however, have been so numerous and pervade the text so thoroughly that no system could be adopted for this purpose without distracting the attention of the reader to a degree that would be inadmissible.
Philadelphia, March, 1874.
HINTS
TOWARD THE
STUDY OF AND REFERENCE TO THE WORK.
The syllabi are adapted to the student, and may be used by teachers of materia medica and pharmacy as affording classifications of the officinal preparations.
Working formulas are inserted for the use of the practical manipulator; they are so displayed as, with ordinary care, to avoid mistakes in compounding.
Comments upon the uses and properties of the officinal preparations follow the respective syllabi.
The processes for preparing and dispensing medicines are separately described and illustrated in the first chapter in Part III., in the several chapters of Part IV., and in Parts V. and YI.
Chemical compounds are displayed in the syllabi so as to show their composition, most prominent properties, and doses ; their composition is further given with the process for their preparation, and its rationale, in the text.
In consulting the index, the. most read}' method of finding a preparation is to refer to the class to which it belongs — a salt is best found under the Latin name of its base.
(vii)
CHAPTER I. Chemical Processes used in Pharmacy . . . . .109
Distillation, fractional and destructive . . . . .119
Sublimation . . . . . . . .120
(ix)
CONTENTS.
Desiccation, calcination
Ignition, torrefaction
Reduction
Oxidation
Carbonic &cid processes
Decolorizing
Washing of -chemicals
Precipitation
Crystallization .
PAGE
Chapter VII
Preparations of Copper, Zinc, Nickel, and Cadmium Cuprum (copper) Preparations of copper .
Zincum (zinc) Preparations of zinc Cadmium
Preparations of cadmium Nickel .
Preparations of nickel .
Cobalt
Lead, Silyer, Bismuth Plumbum (lead) .
Preparations of lead Argentum (silver) Preparations of silver Bismuthum Preparations of bismuth
Antimony and Arsenic Antimony- Preparations of antimony Arsenic .
Preparations of arsenic .
260 260
284 284 285 291 292
CHAPTER X.
ctry, Gold, and Platinum
Hydrargyrum (mercury)
Mercurial compounds ....
Aurum (gold) .....
Preparations of gold ....
Platinum ......
CHAPTER XI.
On Tests, Qualitative and Quantitative
Xll
CONTENTS.
PAET IV.
PHARMACY IN ITS RELATIONS TO ORGANIC CHEMISTRY.
CHAPTER V. Fixed Oils and Fats
Fatty acids Lead plaster Glycerin .
Glonoin or nitro-glycerin Soaps used in medicine .
Fixed oils and fats used in medicine
CONTENTS.
Xlll
CHAPTER YI.
On Yolatile Oils, Camphors, and Resins Volatile oils ....
Adulterations and tests .
Carbo-hydrogen essential oils .
Plants yielding carbo-hydrogen essential oils Oxygenated oil .
Plants yielding oxygenated oils Nitrogenated oils Sulphuretted oils Ernpyreurnatic volatile oils Camphors ....
Caoutchouc and caoutchoucoids Resins .....
Syllabus of resins
PAGE
CHAPTER YII.
Organic Acids ....
Fruit acids ....
Derivatives of the fruit acids Acids representing the medicinal virtues of pi Acids combined with vegetable alkalies Acids derived from or yielding essential oils Astringent or allied acids Acids of animal origin .
Acids pertaining to coloring matters .
nits
CHAPTER YIII
On the Organic Alkalies or Alkaloids .
Syllabus of natural quaternary alkaloids Syllabus of artificial quaternary alkaloids Syllabus of natural ternary alkaloids .
Syllabus of artificial ternary alkaloids .
Opium alkaloids and their salts Cinchona alkaloids and their salts General remarks on the cinchona alkaloids Alkaloids of strychnos and their salts .
Alkaloids of the solanacese The ternary alkaloids Alkaloids of animal origin
CHAPTER IX.
On Neutral Organic Principles mostly peculiar to a limited
number of plants, and possessed of medicinal principles 519 Syllabus of plants and their characteristic principles . . . 520
Remarks on some neutral principles ..... 528 On the decomposition of organic bodies . . . .534
XIV
CONTENTS.
PAET V.
PHARMACY PROPER (GALENICAL PHARMACY).
Chapter I
On the Different parts of Plants, their Collection and Desiccation .........
PAGE
Chapter II
On the Powdering of Drugs, and on Powders . Pulveres, U. 8. P. (syllabus) .
542 552
Chapter III
On Solution and Filtration Officinal solutions, U. 8. P.
CHAPTER IY.
The Medicated Waters ....
Aquse (syllabus) ....
Working formulas from XI. 8. Pharmacopoeia . Remarks on distilled waters
572 573
CHAPTER Y.
Maceration and Infusion ....
Infusa, U. 8. P. (syllabus)
Unofficinal infusions ....
Processes requiring heat
Officinal decoctions ....
Remarks on decoctions . • . .
5£8
CHAPTER YI
Percolation, or the Displacement Process The apparatus ....
Management of the process
590 592 596
Tinctures ......
Tincturse, U. 8. P. (syllabus) .
Working formulas
Unofficinal .....
Ethereal ......
CONTENTS.
XV
CHAPTER VIII.
Medicated "Wines, Vinegars, Elixirs, and Cordials Vina, U. 8. P. (syllabus) Remarks on the medicated wines Working formulas from'tlie U. S. Pharmacopoeia Unofficinal wines Aceta
Syllabus of officinal vinegars Elixirs and cordials Formulas from Proceedings of Ai merican Pharmaceutical Association
PAGE
CHAPTER IX,
Preparations op Opium
Syllabus of officinal preparations Remarks .....
"Working formulas
639 640 640
CHAPTER X.
Evaporation and the Extracts Extracta, IT. S. P. (syllabus) Working formulas Unofficinal extracts Physical properties
648 652 660 665 668
CHAPTER XI.
Fluid Extracts, and Oleoresins Extracta fluida .
General remarks .
Working formulas Unofficinal fluid extracts Oleoresinse, U. S. P.
Working formulas for oleoresins Unofficinal oleoresins
CHAPTER XII
Syrups and Honeys .
Syrupi, U. S. P. (syllabus)
Working formulas for officinal syrups
Mellita ....
Glycerita and glyceroles
Flavoring syrups for soda water, etc.
CHAPTER XIII.
Conserves, Conpections, Electuaries, Pastes, Lozenges, and Candies ......... 726
Confections ........ 727
694 696 703 709
716 717 719
XVI
CONTENTS.
Lozenges .....
Trochisci, IT. 8. P. (syllabus) .
Working formulas for officinal lozenges Unofficinal lozenges Candy and drops
CHAPTER XIV.
Resinse, U. 8. P. (syllabus) Remarks on officinal resinse Unofficinal concentrated remedies
PAGE
731 733 734 738 742
742 745
CHAPTER XV.
On Distillation, Distilled Products, and Perfumery Apparatus ....
Galenical preparations made by distillation Aquae medicatse ....
Olea destillata, U. 8. P.
Spiritus, IT. 8. P. (syllabus) . / Working formulas for the officinal spirits On perfumery and toilet articles Colognes .
Toilet Waters Vinegars .
Musk perfumes Tooth preparations Sachet powders and fumigators Hair preparations
759 760 764 764
765 766
767 768 769
770 772 773 774 775 777
PAET VI.
EXTEMPORANEOUS PHARMACY.
Chapter II
The Art op Selecting and Combining Medicines The art of combinino; medicines
794 796
CHAPTER III. On Powders, Pills, Suppositories, etc
Pulveres ....
Pilulse ....
798 800
CONTENTS.
XVll
PAGE
Tonics and aromatics
Nervous stimulants and antispasmodics
Cerebral stimulants or narcotics
Rheumatic and gout pills
Excito-motor stimulants
Arterial sedatives
Emetics .
Cathartics and laxatives
Diaphoretics
Alteratives
Emmenagogues .
Trochisci .
Suppositories
CHAPTER IV. Liquid Preparations, Solutions, Mixtures, etc. . . 827
Chemical and pharmaceutical incompatibles .
Extemporaneous solutions, mixtures, etc.
Astringents ....
Tonics
Arterial and nervous sedatives
Refrigerants and antacids
Antacids .
Taraxacum mixtures
Expectorants
Emulsions of fixed oils .
Alteratives
Anthelmintics
Jellies
CHAPTER V. Styptic and Depilatory Powders, Lotions, Collyria, Injections
Enemas, Gargles, Baths, I Styptic powders .
Lotions
NHALA riONS,
\ND Fl fMIGAT]
oxs
853 853 853
Collyria .
Injections Enemata .
855 856 856
Gargles .
Baths .
857 858
Inhalations, fumigations, disinft ctants, etc.
Cerates, Ointments, and Liniments .....
Cerates and ointments much used as vehicles for medicinal substances
Those in which the medicinal substances are mixed by fusion and
digestion .......
B
861 863
CONTENTS.
Those in which the medicinal substances are incorporated by tritu
ration with the unctuous ingredients Those in which the fatty ingredient is chemically changed Working formulas for preparing cerates and ointments Unofficinal cerates and ointments The officinal liniments . . . . .
Unofficinal liniments .
876 881
Chapter VII
Plasters, Plasmata, and Cataplasms Emplastra, XT. 8. P. (syllabus) .
Remarks on the officinal plasters Working formulas from the Pharmacopoeia Unofficinal plasters Spreading of plasters Plasmata .....
Cataplasms ....
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