Relations of diseases of the eye to general diseases

Front matter

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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

L

Preface To The German Edition

Diseases of the eye often possess important significance in relation to the diagnosis and correct understanding of diseases of other organs; and as both the physician and the ophthalmologist should comprehend the mutual relations of such affections, both in diagnosis and treatment, I have been led to add to my text-book on diseases of the eye a second part to cover the relations of the eye and its diseases to diseases of the rest of the bodj-. While these relations are usually more or less referred to in text- books, they are not set forth with such particularity as is often to be desired.

This second part may, on the other hand, serve as a supplement to ordinary handbooks on general medicine which include ophthalmology. Since Forster dealt with this subject in the " Handbook of Ophthalmology " by Graefe and Saemisch sixteen years ago, these two fields have not been conjointly cultivated; ' the work by Jacobson is constructed on different principles. The present book will for this reason perhaps be of value to many.

In view of the wealth of material it has been impossible, and it has not been intended, to include all that might be said, lest the book become unwieldy and unacceptable. In selecting material there might be a variety of methods. It has been my aim in the first place to speak of diseases from a general standpoint, setting forth in separate sections their common and familiar features, and in the second place not merely to catalogue a more or less numerous array of dry facts, but to learn their meaning in the broadest and most complete sense. I frequently have to point out how eye symptoms apparently

* The treatise in French of Berger came to my attention while this manuscript was passing through the press, and could not be suitably considered.

VI PREFACE TO THE GERMAN EDITION.

insignificant sometimes lead to far-reaching deductions concerning the primary and originating affection.

It has always been a favorite study with me to trace the relationship between diseases of the eye and diseases of the rest of the body, and during my long association with the late Professor Horner of Zurich, who was a general physician as well as an oculist, I had abundant opportunity for such obseivations, and have since his death diligently pursued them. I venture to think that these studies have not been without value, and hope to have brought to the notice of my colleagues much that is new.

Chapter I. Page

A. Anatomical Course of the Nerves of the Eye, . . . . . .2

1. The Optic Nerve, 2

3. Course of the Motor Kerves, 16

3. Course of the Sensory Nerves, ........ 25

B. Disorders in the Domain of the Ocular Nerves and their Central Origin, . 27

1. Optic Nerve, 27

A. Peripheral Visual Disorders 28

B. Intermediate Visual Disorders, 43

C. Cortical Disorders of Vision, 57

2. Disorders of the Voluntary Ocular IMuscles 69

3. Transcortical Disorders of Vision 86

4. The Frontal Brain, 104

5. Disorders in the Domain of the Sensory Nerves, .... 107

6. Disorders of the Involuntary Muscles of the Eye and of the Sym-

pathetic 109

C. Relations between the Blood-Vessels and the Eye, 123

D. Relations between the Eye and the Lymphatics, 127

E. Individual Diseases of the Brain, Cord and Nerves 130

1. Diseases of the Brain, 130

Aneemia and Hyperaemia of the Brain and its Membranes, . 130 Cerebral Hemorrhages, . . . . . . .131

Embolism and Thrombosis, . 135

Abscess of the Brain, 136

Tumors of the Brain, 138

Meningitis, 150

Insanity, 159

Paretic Dementia, 164

Paralysis Agitans ; Diffuse Encephalitis, ..... 170

Cheyne-Stokes Breathing ; Injuries to the Brain, . . . 171

X

Vlll CONTENTS.

PAGE

Porencephaly, 175

Bulbar Paralysis and Allied Diseases, 176

Multiple Sclerosis, 179

2. Diseases of the Spinal Cord, 183

Tabes Dorsalis, 183

Injuries of the Spinal Cord, 199

Trophoneuroses, .......... 200

3. Diseases of the Nerves, 204

Multiple Neuritis, 204

Diseases of the Trigeminus, 206

Diseases of the Facial Nerve, 211

4. Functional Neuropsychosis, 211

Hysteria, 212

Traumatic Neurosis, . . 224

Hypnosis and Sleep, 226

Hypochondria ; Fipilepsy, 238

Migraine and Scintillating Scotoma, . . . . . . 237

Chorea, 240

Athetosis, 241

Tetanus; Tetany, 242

Thomsen's Disease, 244

CHAPTER II. Diseases of the Skin, 246

CHAPTER HI.

Diseases of the Digestive Orga.ns, . . . .265

CHAPTER IV. Diseases of the Respiratory Organs, .... 274

1. Diseases of the Nose, 274

2. Diseases of the Cavities, 279

3. Ear Diseases, 280

4. Effects of Respiration and its Abnormalities upon the Eye, . . . 283

5. Diseases of the Respiratory Tract Proper, 286 i

CONTENTS. ix CHAPTER V.

PAGE

Chapter VIII

B. Infectious Diseases, 360

Septicaemia ; Pyaemia, 368

Extensive Burns ; Glanders, 370

Ulcerative Endocarditis ; Splenic Fever ; Tetanus and Lyssa, . . 371

Rheumatism, 372

Measles, 374

Roetheln, Scarlatina, 376

Small-pox, 378

Vaccination, 380

Varicella ; Typhoid Fever, 381

Typhus Fever ; Relapsing Fever, 384

Cholera, 386

Dysentery ; Diphtheria, ....... . 389

Influenza, - 392

Whooping-Cough, . 396

Mumps, 398

Pest and Yellow Fever ; Beri-Beri ; Vertige Paralysant, . . . 399

Pellagra, 400

Malaria, 401

Trichinosis ; Syphilis, . 404

Tuberculosis and Scrofula, 420

Leprosy, 425

CHAPTER IX. Anaemia, 429

Plethora, Corpulence, Obesity, 430

X CONTENTS.

PAGE

Chlorosis, , ... 433

Haemophilia; Addison's Disease, . , 433

Diabetes, , „ . 434

Diabetes Insipidus, . 440

Basedow's Disease, 441

Myxoedema, 445

Leukseniia, 448

Tumor Cachexia, 451

THE RELATIONS OF THE EYE AND ITS DISEASES TO THE DISEASES OF THE BODY.