Physiology, animal and mental: applied to the preservation and restoration of health of body, and power of mind

Front matter

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Section I

HAPPINESS, THE NATURAL CONSEQUENCE OF LAW OBEYED ; AND SUFFERING, OF LAW VIOLATED.

PAGE.

1. Happiness constitutional. — 2. Amount of happiness attainable. — 3. Pain exists. — 4. Pain not necessary. — 5. Our world governed by inflexible causation.— 6. All pain the consequence of violated law.-— 7. Rewards and penalties self-acting. 8. These laws cognizable. — 9. Man can apply them. — 10. Happiness and suffering analogous to the law obeyed or broken.— 11. Importance of understanding these laws. — 12. Object of all education. — 13. Physiological and phrenological education. - 19 — 30

Section II. Reciprocation Existing Between Body And Mind

14. Man a physical and mental being. — 15. Mind and body perfectly inter-related. — 16. Effected by means of the brain — the organ of the mind. — 17. Universality of this reciprocity. — 18. Operating on the mind through the body. — 19. Importance of understanding these relations. ------ 30 — 37

Section III. Health — Its Value, Feasibility, And Duty

20. Health defined.— 21. Value of health.— 22. Sickness costly.— 23. Disease painful.- — 24. Sickness and death not providential, but governed by law.— 25. To be weaned from the world. — 26. Health attainable — spontaneous. — 27. Health a duty : sickness and premature death sinful. ----- 38 — 51

Section I. Its Necessity And Selection

28. Man's requisition for vitality. — 29. Requisition for food. — 30. Organized bodies alone edible. — 31. Selection of food. — 32. Different diets feed different powers. — 33. Uuperverted appetite an infallible directory. — 34. Appetite liable to become perverted. — 35. The true issue. — 36. A fundamental principle of dietetics. — 37, Animal food excites propensity. — 38. Flesh eating contrasted with vegetable eating. 39. " Meat gives force and strength." —

X CONTENTS.

PAGE.

40. Isolated facts. — 41. Experience of the Bible Christians. — 42. Animal food blunts moral sentiment. 43. Slaughter-house cruelties. — 44. A flesh diet subjects morality to propensity. — 45. Animal food shortens and enfeebles life. — 46. The human teeth not carnivorous. — 47. A flesh diet wasteful. — 48. Fruit and grain more palatable than meat. — 49. Animal food blunts taste. — 50. A bread and fruit diet nourishes moral sentiment. — 51. Vegetables furnish all the nutritions elements required in the vital process. - 15 — 99

Section II. Bread, Pastry, Fruit, Milk, Sweets, Butter, And Esculents

52. Bread and its preparation. — 53. Coarse and fine flour bread. — 54. Leavened and unleavened bread. — 55. Rice, rye, oatmeal, barley, etc. — 56. Pastry, eggs, and spices. — 57. Fruit. — 58. Sweets. — 59. Milk, butter, and cheese. — 60. Peas, beans, potatoes, onions, beets, carrots, turnips, squashes. — 61. Cucumbers, radishes, and immature esculents. — 62. Nuts. .... 99 — 115

Section III

HOW TO EAT — OR MASTICATION, QUANTITY, TIME, ETC. 63. Mastication— the teeth — their names and description. — 64. Saliva, its office and admixture with food. — 65. The right quantity of food. — 66. Three classes of facts. — 67. Parr, Cornaro, Dr. Cheyne, Dr. Johnson, and others. — 68. The author's experience. — 69. Appetite a test of the proper quantity of food. — 70. How appetite can be restrained. — 71. Frequency, invalids. — 73. Eating between meals, luncheons, etc.— 74. The best time for eating. — 75. The digestive process. — 76. Structure of the stomach and intestinal canal. — 77. The motion of the stomach. — 78. Exercise after meals and noonings. — 79. Location and form of the liver, gall, pancreas, and kidneys. ------- 116—145

Section II

THE LUNGS — THEIR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS. 85. Respiration and its importance. ■ — 86. Requisition and supply of oxygen. — 87. Means employed to inflate the lungs. — 88. Structure of the lungs. — 89. Introduction of oxygen into the circulation. — 90. Animal heat. — 91. Capillary system of the blood-vessels. — 92. Combustion. — 93. Carbonic acid — its formation and exit. —

CONTENTS. XI

PAGE.

94. The amount of heat. — 95. The due regulation of animal heat. — 96. Summer and winter food. — 97. Meat in winter. — 98. Requisition of fresh air, especially for children. — 99. The vitiated atmosphere of the school-room. — 100. Ventilation in general. — 101. The due ventilation of sleeping apartments. — 102. Blue veins, a sign of insufficient breathing. - 155 — 179

Section III. Ferspiration, Or The Structure, Functions, And Cleansing Of The Skin

103. Water essential to life. — 104. Perspiration.^-105. The skin and its structure. — 106. Insensible perspiration, and its importance. — 107. Importance of keeping the pores of the skin open. — 103. Colds and their consequences. — 109. The prevention of colds. — 110. Baths, and their modes of application. — 111. The cure of colds by perspiration. — 112. Glass-blowers. - - 179 — 193

Section IV

THE REGULATION OF THE TEMPERATURE BY FIRE AND CLOTH- ING- — THEIR KINDS AND AMOUNTS.

113. Cooling effects of perspiration. — 114. The deficiency of animal heat. — 115. Fire — evils of its excess. — 116. Different kinds of fuel, stoves, etc.— 117. Fire necessary when the constitution is weak. — 118. Clothes, and their necessity. — 119. Quantity of clothing requisite.— -120. The clothing of children. — 121. Change of raiment. — 122. The quantity of clothing, flannels, silks. — 123. Head and neck attire. — 124. The hands and arms. — 125. Warm feet. 198 — 210

Section V

SLEEP — ITS NECESSITY, FUNCTION, DURATION, SEASON, PROMOTION, POSTURES, AND APPARATUS.

126. Its necessity and office. — 127. Amount and duration of sleep. — 128. Season — early rising. — 129. Promotion. — 130. Beds and bedding. ------- 210—216

Section VI

THE GLANDULAR SYSTEM, AND ABSORBENTS. 131. Necessity and structure. — 132. Inter-relation of the glandular system and mind. — 133. The absorbents. - - - 216 — 213

Chapter IV

LOCOMOTION — ITS APPARATUS AND NECESSITY. SECTION I.

THE OSSEOUS SYSTEM.

134. The expenditure of vitality. — 135. The osseous system — its necessity and structure. - „ - 213 — 223

SECTION II.

THE MUSCLES — THEIR NECESSITY, STRUCTURE, FORMATION, AND

EXERCISE.

136. Necessity, structure, and office. — 137. The power of the muscular system. — 138. The importance of exercise.— 139. Pleasures

Xii CONTENTS.

PAGE.

of exercise and labor. — 140. Most great men labored hard in youth. — 141. The anti-working doctrine and practice. — 142. The dignity of labor, and rendering it agreeable. — 143. The amount of exercise required. — 144. Dancing as exercise. — 145. Exercise doubly requisite for the young. — 146. Children and youth should labor, but not to excess. — 147. Early schooling especially injurious.

223—250

Section I. Position, Function, And Structure Of The Brain

148. Requisition for some mental function and organ. — 149. The location and structure of the brain. — 150. The cerebellum and its functions. — 151. Consciousness — or the seat of the soul. - 250 — 257

Section II

THE NERVOUS SYSTEM. 152. Structure. — 153. The function of the nerves. — 154. Importance of sensation^— 155. Importance of healthy nerves. — 156. Effects of diseased nerves upon the mind. — 157. How to keep the nervous system in health. ----- 257 — 266

Chapter VI. The Remedy Of Diseases

SECTION I.

OBSERVANCE OF THE LAWS OF HEALTH MORE EFFECTUAL RESTO- RATIVES THAN MEDICINES.

158. Existence, definition, and curability of disease. — 159. Vegetable and mineral medicines. — 160. The use of poisons, calomel, and depletions.— 161. A medicinal diet better than concentrated medicines. ------- 267 — 272

SECTION II.

BALANCE OR PROPORTION AMONG THE FUNCTIONS ESSENTIAL TO HEALTH ITS PRESERVATION AND RESTORATION.

162. Proportion a law of nature. — 163. Growing youth an exception to this law. — 164. Excess of carbon a prolific cause of disease. [ — 165. Exhaustion as inviting disease. — 166. Restoration of this proportion. — 167. Who require muscular action, and how to promote it. — 168. The promotion of digestion. — 169. Constipation — its evils and remedy. — 170. The drink of dyspeptics — its kinds, time, and quantity. — 171. Palpitation of the heart, and the promotion of circulation. — 172. Consumption — its cause and cure. — 173. Preventives of consumption. — 174. The children of consumptive parents. — 175. The cure of disordered nerves. — 176. Preventives of Insanity. — 177. The water cure. — 178. Conclusion. - 273—312

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

PAGE.

Symbolical head 17

1. Upper jaw of the cow 82

2. Jaws of the tiger 82

3. Front view of the teeth of a monkey 83

4. Side view of the teeth of a monkey 83^

5. Side view of the teeth of a baboon „ 83

6. Skull of Jaco, a male ourang-outang 84

7. The teeth 117

8. The stomach and intestinal canal 139

9. Intestines, lacteals, and mesentery glands 139

10. The liver, gall, pancreas, and kidneys 145

11. The structure of the intestines 148

12. The heart - 152

13. Shape and structure of the lungs 157

14. The lungs and stomach 160

15. The structure of a gland 217

16. The skeleton 221

17. The muscles of the arm 224

18. Location of the cerebral organ of motion 225

20. The structure of the brain 252

21. A perpendicular section of the brain and skull 253

22. The nerves of the brain „ 255

23. The corpus callosum 256

24. The nervous system 260

25. Head of Granville Mellen 293

TABLE OF DIRECTIONS

FOR IMPROVING THE HEALTH.

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Vitality

Nutrition

63 64

77 78

Appetite

70 71 74 73

Perspiration ?

107 108 111 112

110 174

Sleep

Temperature )

96 98 115

98 99

Muscles )

138 140 143

Brain

Vol. iii.

Vol. iii.

Nerves

155 157

156 162

Proportion

Precocity

C

Dyspepsia 2

164 169 164 170.

Palpitation

Consumption

173 175.174

Insanity

1761176

* These figures refer, not to pages, but to those numbered paragraphs. or headings, found throughout the work.

EXPLANATION OF THE TABLE.

The accompanying Table, when marked, will enable those who may secure the requisite examination, to refer to those passages which point out the physiological excess, defect, or derangement, which causes their debility or disease, as well as show them how to ward off predispositions to those diseases to which they are most liable.

A dot, or any other mark, with the pen, will be placed in the square containing the number of the paragraphs which give the required directions. But where several persons are marked on the same table, a horizontal stroke, or dash, — will be used for the first; a perpendicular erected on it thus - 1 - for the second ; this perpendicular continued below the horizontal, making a cross, thus +, for the third ; a horizontal curve over this cross, thus -f-, for the fourth ; under for the fifth, to the right hand for the sixth, and the left hand for the seventh ; so that the following mark (-}-) stands for all seven.

The written figures in the second column indicate the relative vigor of the health, vitality, and the various functions opposite to which they are written, the scale varying from 1 to 7. Thus : 6 written opposite to Vitality, signifies that it is abundant, while 2 signifies that it is deficient ; 4 signifies average ; 3 below par ; 5 rather above ; 7 very abundant ; and 1 very deficient. Several persons can be marked in this column also.

SYMBOLICAL HEAD.

xvu

NUMBERING AND DEFINITION OF THE ORGANS.

1. Amativmness, Sexual and connubial love.

2. Philoprogenitiveness, Parental love.

3. Adhesiveness, Friendship — sociability. A. Union for Life, Love of one only.

4. Inhabitiveness, Love of home.

5. Continuity, One thing at a time.

6. Combativeness, Resistance — defence.

7. Destructiveness, Executiveness-force.

8. Alimentiveness, Appetite, hunger.

9. Acquisitiveness, Accumulation.

10. Secretiveness, Policy — management.

LI. Cautiousness, Prudence, provision.

12. Approbativeness, Ambition — display.

13. Self-Esteem, Self-respect — dignity.

14. Firmness, Decision — perseverance.

15. Conscientiousness, Justice — equity.

16. Hope, Expectation — enterprise.

18. Veneration, Devotion — respect

19. Benevolence, Kindness — goodness.

20. Constbuctivness, Mechanical ingenuity.

21. Ideality, Refinement — taste — purity. B. Sublimity, Love of grandeur.

22. Imitation, Copying — patterning.

24. Individuality, Observation.

25. Form, Recollection of shape.

26. Size, Measuring by the eye.

27. Weight, Balancing — climbing.

28. Color, Judgment of colors.

29. Order, Method — system — arrangement

30. Calculation, Mental arithmetic.

31. Locality, Recollection of places.

32. Eventuality, Memory of facts.

33. Time, Cognizance of duration.

35. Language, Expression of ideas.

36. Causality, Applying causes to etfects.

37. Comparison, inductive reasoning.

C. Human Nature, perception of motives.

PHYSIOLOGY, ANIMAL AND MENTAL.

Chapter I. Health : Its Value And Laws

SECTION I.

HAPPINESS AND SUFFERING, AND THEIR CONDITIONS. 1. HAPPINESS CONSTITUTIONAL.

Happiness is the constitutional and only legitimate product of every organ of the body, every faculty of the mind, every element of our being. To what else are all our bones, joints, and muscles adapted, both in their functions themselves, and in all that labor and locomotion which they were devised to accomplish ? What but exquisite enjoyment is the constitutional product, both of the mere act of seeing, and of that ceaseless round of pleasure and fund of information, as well as range of material for thought, feeling, and happiness, furnished thereby ? Pleasure in quaffing luxuriantly the fresh air of heaven, and then in expending the vitality thus obtained, is the only natural function of respiration. For what was the stomach created, but to give us pleasure both in eating and in all its constitutional effects ? And for what were brain and nerve created, but expressly to furnish us an inexhaustible range of intellectual and moral enjoyment ? And thus of every other physical organ and function.

Each mental faculty singly, and all combined, have the same constitutional adaptation and object. Benevolence was created to bless the needy, pour the oil of consolation into the wounded soul, avoid causing pain, and adorn human nature, as well as to render the giver himself also happy ; it being still more blessed to give than to receive. Parental love is adapted both to render parents themselves happy in providing for, and educating darling and dependant infancy and lovely childhood, and children also happy in receiving the bounties thus lavishly bestowed by parental love. Ideality, exercised in harmony with its primitive function, enjoys a perpetual feast in contemplating the beautiful and perfect in nature, as well as in refining the manners and purifying the feelings of its possessor, and elevating and gracing his entire nature and conduct. Acquisitiveness was designed to give pleasure both in acquiring property and the necessaries and comforts of life, as well as in providing Appetite with food ; Benevolence with the means of doing good, Cautiousness with the requisites for shelter and safety, the Social Affections with family comforts, Inhabitiveness with a home, Intellect with books and the means of prosecuting scientific researches, and all the faculties respectively with the means of their gratification. Appetite, besides yielding much gustatory pleasure, nourishes body and brain, and thereby enables them to perform and enjoy the various functions of our nature. Causality experiences a rich harvest of happiness in studying the laws and operations of nature, adapting ways and means to ends, and thereby attaining pleasure only. Language, normally exercised, affords a world of pleasure in the mere act of talking, besides that exhaustless source of happiness experienced in the interchange of knowledge, ideas, motives, feelings, etc., as well as in reading, hearing sermons, lectures, and the like, and in communing with one another in ways innumerable. How vast an amount of happiness is memory capable of conferring on man ? How exalted the enjoyment we can experience in worshipping God, and in all those holy emotions and purifying influences prayer is adapted to diffuse throughout the soul ! And thus of Friendship, Connubial love, Ambition, Perseverance, Hope, Moral feeling, and every other faculty of the human mind ! Does the needle point to its pole more universally than every physical organ, every mental faculty, every element and function of man, points to happiness — all happiness, pure, unalloyed, and nothing else— as its only constitutional product ? What else is of any conceivable value to him ? For what else was he created ? Need so plain a law of nature be farther argued or elucidated ?

PAIN EXISTS, THOUGH UNNECESSARY, 21

2. AMOUNT OP HAPPINESS ATTAINABLE.

And the amount of happiness of which our natures are susceptible is incalculably great — a thousand fold greater, doubtless, than the happiest of mortals has ever yet enjoyed, and almost infinitely greater than the generality of mortals now experience. We little realize how inexpressibly happy it is by nature possibly for us all to become. Our Creator has done all that even a God could do to promote this one normal end of life — this only desideratum of our being. In what a perfect paradise does man's primitive constitution place him ! Oh ! if he would exercise his powers in accordance with their original constitution, how perfectly holy and happy would he thereby become !

3. PAIN EXISTS.

And yet our world is full of suffering and wo ! Pandora's box, filled with all manner of diseases and miseries, has been opened upon man ! He literally groans in agony ! Poverty, wretchedness, loathsome and distressing sickness, the heartrending decease of friends, children, and companions, and even premature death itself, tearing its victims from life and all its pleasures, torment most mankind ! Millions suffer beyond description, and millions of millions are or have been tortured into the wish that they had never been born, or that death, with all its horrors, would hasten to their relief; while most consider our world — so perfectly adapted to promote human happiness — a path of thorns, and life itself a lingering, living death !

4. PAIN NOT NECESSARY. 1

Yet none of this suffering forms any necessary part of any constitutional arrangement or function of our nature. Teeth are created and adapted to masticate food, not to ache ; nor need they ever. The head was not made to ache, nor the stomach to occasion griping pains, nor in any way to distress us. Nor are the lungs adapted to torture us while they waste away in lingering consumption, blasting all our hopes and happiness. Neither malignant fevers, nor distressing rheumatism, nor torturing gout, nor loathsome, life-eating cancers, nor any other kind or degree of disease or suffering form any part of man's original constitution, nor of nature's ordinances, but all are utterly repugnant to both.

So of the mental faculties. Was Benevolence created to torment us with the sight of pain which cannot be relieved ? Or Combativeness to brawl, quarrel, and fight ? Or Destructiveness to devastate whole nations with wo and carnage, making loving wives lonely widows, and happy children desolate orphans, by the million, besides all the horrors of the battle field itself? Or Appetite to gormandize till it offers up all that is virtuous and happy at the shrine of beastly gluttony and drunkenness ? Or Approbativeness to pinch the feet of the suffering Chinese, or flatten the head of the savage Indian, or deform the waists of simple would-be beauties ? Or Self- Esteem to wade through seas of blood to thrones of despotism ? Or Veneration to create all the abominations of Paganism, or the bigotry of Christendom ? Or Constructiveness to make implements of torture and death ? Or Acquisitiveness to cheat and rob ? Or Causality to plot mischief and devise evil ? Or Adhesiveness to mourn in hopeless grief the loss of near and dear friends ? Or Parental Love to torture us with inexpressible anguish by the death of a dearly beloved child, or perhaps entire groups of beautiful and happy sons and daughters 1 Or Connubial Love to weep disconsolate and distracted at the grave of a dearly beloved wife, or devoted husband — perhaps, too, after every means of support has been exhausted, every child buried, every earthly hope blasted, and while torturing disease is preying upon life itself, and opening the yawning grave at our feet ? No, never ! Cold and heat are not more unlike than these results are contrary to all of nature's adaptations. Nor is there a single physical organ, or mental faculty, or humeri function whose normal product is pain, or any thing but pleasure. Any other doctrine contradicts universal fact, attests the ignorance of its advocate, and would fain libel Infinite Goodness !

SUPREMACY OF CAUSATION. 23

5. OUR WORLD GOVERNED BY INFLEXIBLE CAUSATION.

What, then, has caused all this wide-spread misery ? Eve's eating the forbidden fruit ? But that affects all human beings alike ; so that, for all its influences, all could be as happy as any one ever has been or ever will be. Will not the recipients of millennial bounty be incalculably and perfectly happy ? Yet they will bear precisely the same constitutional relation to Adam with the most sinful and miserable of mortals. What, then, is its cause ?

Hear nature's answer. "All enjoyment, all suffering is caused." The sentient world, in common with the physical, is governed by law, the violation of which causes pain, and its obedience pleasure. Cause and effect govern all nature — her pains and pleasures included. All that occurs or is, is caused, nor can any thing whatever occur or exist, without being governed throughout by inflexible causation. But for this all would be chance and chaos ; now all is certain sequence. But for this every thing would happen, and doleful uncertainty brood darkly over all things ; now all is certainty. These laws reign supreme, and substitute perfect order for complete confusion. Prom them there is no appeal, and to them no exception. Nor is their action ever uncertain. Given causes always produce specific effects, and their own appropriate effects only ; while like causes invariably generate like effects. All, therefore, that we feel, enjoy, and suffer, is caused — is the absolutely necessary product of its own specific cause, and of that only. Under similar circumstances nothing else could possibly have occurred ; so that all uncertainty is for ever precluded.

6. ALL PAIN THE CONSEQUENCE OF VIOLATED LAW.

Nor are these laws dead letters, nor passive non-entities, nor destitute of divine sanction ; but they are clothed with twofold authority ; first in the happiness consequent upon their obedience, and in the pain caused by their infraction. Indeed, happiness is but the legitimate and only effect of their observance, and pain of their violation. Unaccompanied by these pleasurable and painful consequences, they would be power.

less, and therefore useless. Every law of our being is expressly instituted and adapted to secure human happiness — this " chief end of man's creation," the only commodity of any value to him 1 — and to prevent suffering ; because unless pain resulted from their infraction, half their present sanction would have been wanting ; whereas now, not only do the pleasures experienced in their observance sweetly allure us onward in the same delightful path, but the direful penalties consequent on their violation urge, even compel us, and with a practical power greater than any other device could possibly wield, to shun this suffering by complying with their requirements. Pain is constitutionally abhorrent to man — is the only ground-work of all dislike. By an arrangement living back in his very nature, man instinctively and universally shrinks from it as from poison, as well as avoids its cause. Nor does he avoid any thing but what occasions him pain, or for any other reason, and dislikes all things in proportion to the pain they give him, as well as wholly because of such pain. Hence, he instinctively avoids violating law because such violation occasions that suffering which he dreads ; and seeks in obedience that pleasure to which he is constitutionally so powerfully attracted. Unless pain existed, sentinel-like, to watch and warn us against violating law, we should be perpetually liable to burn, or bruise, or freeze ourselves to death, many times over, if that were possible, as well as to mutilate and destroy ourselves in countless ways which pain now prevents. This same principle governs equally the laws of mind, and for the same purpose ; namely, to secure their observance also. Indeed, law without pain would be but mockery — a rope of sand — and the greater and more uniform the pleasures of obedience, but the more certain and fearful the pain consequent on their violation, the more valuable the law. Happiness is the most persuasive motive to goodness, and suffering the most powerful preventive of sin, which even a God could invent ; and this double invention of rewards and punishments — the former sweetly enticing obedience and the latter sternly enforcing it — is as perfectly adapted to secure man's highest good as Infinite Wisdom could devise and Infinite Benevolence execute !

THESE LAWS SELF-ACTING. 25

7. THESE REWARDS AND PENALTIES SELF-ACTING.

That same Wisdom which devised these laws has also affixed a contrivance by which they are their own executors. They are self-acting — necessarily inducing, in the very nature of things, their appropriate rewards and penalties. In the very act of obedience consists its pleasures, while in and by the very transgression itself, consists its penalty. To obey any law is to secure its legitimate blessings ; to transgress it is to insure its consequent sufferings. No escape, no evasion of either can possibly occur throughout God's vast dominions. Obedience and its consequent happiness are linked inseparably together ; while sin and suffering go hand in hand throughout the universe I Neither can ever be separated from the other !

Be it, then, remembered by every human being, that " affliction cometh not forth of the dust," nor doth pleasure " spring out of the ground/' but that all suffering is caused — is the constitutional and inevitable consequence of violating law, and that all enjoyment flows naturally and necessarily from obedience. Nor is it possible, in the very nature of things, to obey or violate any law whatever, without inducing these results ; nor of experiencing these results except in and by such violation. No pain, uncaused, was ever sent by God, nor any blessing ever conferred except in conformity with these unalterable institutes of nature. Even judgments and mercies themselves are brought about by causation. Hence, happiness is in as exact proportion to obedience, and sinfulness to suffering, as the God of Heaven can mete them out.

8. THESE LAWS COGNIZABLE.

Nor are these laws a sealed book to man, nor hidden in labyrinthian mazes, ready to spring upon him like serpents from the grass or tigers from their lairs. This would render them useless as well as "charge God foolishly." No mist, no uncertainty beclouds any of them. They are open, palpable, and lighted up by the full blaze of both philosophy and perpetual experience. Nor need any of them ever be misapprehended. Those who cannot discern them, not as in a glass, darkly, but clearly and fully, as in the noon-day sun, are either 3 blinded or stupid. Such cognizance is even thrust continually upon us.

9. MAN CAN APPLY THEM.

To this capability of understanding them God has graciously superadded the power of applying them. Man can reach them — can adapt means to ends ; that is, control effects by applying causation so as to bring about desired ends. He is, moreover, endowed with that power of choice or will which enables him to obey or violate at pleasure, and thus to render himself good or bad, and therefore happy or miserable, according as he may determine. He is thus capacitated, by obeying these laws, to apply them to the promotion of his own happiness and the well- being of his fellow men ; or, by ignorantly and wickedly breaking them, to occasion an incalculable amount of suffering, both to himself and his fellow men. In general, those suffer most who have sinned most, and because of their sin ; while those who are the most happy are so because the most obedient — our enjoyments and sufferings being the thermometers of our righteousness and sinfulness. Though some inherit painful diseases and vicious predispositions from parents, and thus suffer for sins not their own, and though our inter-relations with our fellow men often cause us to suffer for their sins, yet, in the main, we obey and enjoy, or sin and suffer, for ourselves, and reap the consequences of our own conduct. Hence, by avoiding all sin we can escape all suffering, and in that proportion. So if we obey all the laws of our being, we shall become as perfectly happy as it is possible for human nature to become or endure — every department of our entire being literally overflowing with unalloyed bliss.

10. HAPPINESS AND SUFFERING ANALOGOUS TO THE LAW OBEYED OR

BROKEN.

All enjoyment also flows in the direct line of that obedience which caused it, and all suffering follows directly in the wake of its sin. Each bears a close resemblance to its origin. Thus the violation of the law of appetite inflicts a given kind

UNDERSTANDING THESE LAWS. 27

of suffering, which is analogous to the law violated ; namely, it disorders the stomach, corrupts the blood, and causes disease and suffering throughout this whole department of our nature ; but those who violate the law of chastity experience an entirely different kind of pain, occurring in the social department of their nature and its dependancies ; yet if, meanwhile, they obey the laws of appetite, they enjoy the pleasures conferred thereby. Whoever violates the laws of Acquisitiveness, by hoarding immense wealth, or obtaining money by fraud, gambling, or any dishonest means, invariably suffers on its account. What gambler or robber ever enjoyed his booty ? Honesty alone is policy. Getting money dishonestly occasions its pernicious expenditure, while earning it secures its judicious use. Those even who acquire it too easily and rapidly, generally live luxuriously, and thus suffer in and by the very money thus obtained without its being earned. Yet if such obey the laws of health, or Ideality, or any other laws, they will enjoy the benefits of whatever laws they obey.