A treatise on fractures

Front matter

Wtggm m y ;r.ir^

HHran

•as*

Chapter I. Page

Of Fractures in General 17

Article I. — Etiology 17

I I. — General Predispositions 17

II. — Of some Affections predisposing to Fracture 25

III. — Of the Determining Causes of Fracture , 34

Article II. — Varieties of Fractures , 42

\ I. — Of Incomplete Fractures 42

(1) Of Fissures 42

(2) Of Incomplete Fractures, properly so called 48

(3) Of Splintered Fractures 56

(4) Of Perforations 58

II.— Of Complete, Simple Fractures 63

(1) Of Transverse Fractures 63

(2) Of Serrated Fractures 64

(3) Of Oblique Fractures.. 67

(4) Separation of the Epiphyses 69

HI.— Of Multiple Fractures* 73

(1) Of Fractures with Splinters 73

(2) Of Fractures with several Fragments 74

(3) Of Fractures by Crushing 75

(4) Of Fractures involving several bones at once 76

IV. — Of Complicated Fractures 78

Article III. — General Semeiology 80

Article IV. — Course and Terminations 96

\ I.— Of the Exterior Phenomena 96

II.— Of the Formation of the Callus 102

III.— Of the Transformations of the Callus 107

IV. — Theory of Anchylosis following Fracture 116

V. — Of Non-union, or False Joint after Fracture 120

* [By some mistake the heading of this section has been made to read "Comminuted," in the body of the work. I trust the evident incorrectness of that title will prevent any one from being misled by it.]

(ii)

PAGE

Abtiolr V. — Diagnosis 137

Ai:i [( ILB VI. — Prognosis 140

Ai: i [OLE VII. — Treatment 142

g I.— Of the First Attentions to the Patient 143

II. — Of the proper position for the Limb 147

III.— Of the Reduction 156

iV. — Of the proper Time for Attempting Reduction 163

V.— Of Apparatus 167

(1) Ordinary Apparatus or Splints 167

(2) Immovable Apparatus 177

(3) Of the Plaster Apparatus 182

(4) Of Cuirasses 186

(5) Of Hyponarthecic Apparatus 187

(6) Of Apparatuses for Permanent Extension 196

VI. — Of the Choice of Apparatus 201

VII. — Of the proper Time for applying the Apparatus 204

VIII. — Of the Time for removing the Apparatus .- 208

IX. — Of the Movements which may be allowed to the Patient 210

X. — Of the Treatment of Complicated [Compound] Fractures 216

XL— Of the Treatment of Symptoms 226

XII. — Of Convalescence from Fractures 237

XIII. — Of Hindrances to Consolidation 241

XIV. — Of Operations for the Cure of Pseudarthrosis 246

XV. — Of Secondary or Recurring Fractures 261

XVI.— Of Deformed Callus, and its Treatment 265

XVII. — Of Some Diseases of the Callus 278

XVIII. — Of Cases Requiring Amputation 283

CHAPTER II. Of Fractures of tite Upper Jaw 288

\ I. — Fractures of the Zygomatic Arch 289

II. — Fractures of the Malar Bone 291

III.— Fractures of the Nose 293

IV. — Fractures of the Upper Maxillary Bones 299

CHAPTER III. Of Fractures of the Lower Jaw.. 305

I I.— Fractures of the Body of the Bone 305

II. — Fractures of the Neck of the Jaw-Bone 322

CHAPTER IV. Of Fractures of the Hyoid Bone, etc 326

£ I.— Fractures of the Hyoid Bone 326

II. — Fractures of the Laryngeal Cartilages .* 329

CHAPTER V. page

Of Fractures or the Vertebra 331

| I. — Fractures of the Spinous Processes 331

II. — Fractures of the Vertebral Arches 333

III. — Fractures of the Bodies of the Vertebrae 337

CHAPTER X. Of Fractures of the Scapula 402

I I.— Fractures of the Body of the Scapula 402

II. — Fractures of the Acromion 407

III. — Fractures of the Coracoid Process 412

CHAPTER XL

Of Fractures of the Humerus 414

\ I. — Extra-Capsular Fractures, or those of the Cervix Humeri 415

II. — Intra-Capsular Fractures, or those of the Head of the Bone 424

III.— Fractures of the Shaft of the Humerus 429

IV. — Fractures of the Humerus above the Condyles 437

V. — Fractures of the Epitrochlea [internal condyle] 441

CHAPTER XII. Of Fractures of the Elbow 445

\ I. — Fractures of both Condyles of the Humerus 445

II. — Fractures of the External Condyle 448

III. — Fractures of the Trochlea, or Internal Condyle 451

IV. — Fractures of the Olecranon 453

V. — Comminuted Fractures of the Elbow 468

CHAPTER XIII. page

Of Fractures of the Bones of the Forearm 470

g I. — Fractures of the Forearm 471

II.— Fractures of the Ulna 480

III.— Fractures of the Shaft of the Radius 482

IV. — Fractures of the Lower Extremity of the Radius 485

CHAPTER XIV. Of Fractures of the Bones of the Hand 499

g I. — Fractures of the Carpal Bones 499

II. — Fractures of the Metacarpal Bones 500

III. — Fractures of the Phalanges 507

CHAPTER XV. Of Fractures of the Pelvis 511

§ I. — Fractures of the Sacrum 512

II. — Fractures of the Coccyx : 516

III.— Fractures of the Crista Ilii ; 516

IV.— Fractures of the Os Pubis 519

V. — Fractures of the Ischium 521

VI.— Double Vertical Fractures of the Pelvis 523

VII. — Fractures in the Cotyloid Cavity 527

CHAPTER XVI. Of Fractures of the Femur 529

§ I. — Intra-Capsular Fractures of the Cervix Femoris 530

II. — Extra-Capsular Fractures of the Cervix Femoris 551

III. — Fractures of the Great Trochanter 570

IV. — Fractures just below the Trochanters 572

V.— Fractures in the Middle Third of the Femur 578

VI. — Fractures of the Femur just above the Condyles 588

VII. — Fractures of one Condyle of the Femur 592

VIII. — Fractures of both Condyles at once 595

IX. — Compound Fractures of the Femur , 596

CHAPTER XVII. Of Fractures of the Patella 599

\ I.— Transverse Fractures of the Patella 599

II.— Vertical Fractures of the Patella 626

III.— Multiple Fractures of the Patella 628

CHAPTER XVIII. page

Of Fractures of the Bones of the Leg 630

I I. — Fractures of the Leg 630

II. —Fractures of the Tibia 645

III.— Fractures of the Fibula 648

IV. — Fractures just above the Malleoli 659

V.— Fractures of the Malleoli , 662

CHAPTER XIX. Of Fractures of the Foot 665

\ I. — Fractures of the Astragalus 665

II. — Fractures of the Calcaneum 666

III. — Fractures of the Metatarsal Bones 673

IV.— Fractures of the Phalanges of the Toes 674

TABLE

SHOWING THE RELATIVE VALUES OF FRENCH AND ENGLISH STAND- ARD WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

(From Hoblyrfs Medical Dictionary.)

Millimetre

=

•0393T inches.

Centimetre

=

Decimetre

=

Metre

=

Decametre

=

10 yds., 2 ft, Win.

Litre

=

Milligramme

=

•0154 grains.

Centigramme

=

•1544 "

Decigramme

=

1-5444 "

Gramme

=

15-4440 "

Decagramme

=

154-4402 " =

(2 dr., 34-3 gr. Troy, or (5-65 dr. Avoirdupois.

Hecate-gramme =

"K'ilnn'rnmmp =

1544-4023 "

The millimetre may for general purposes be estimated with sufficient accuracy as = ^ of an inch ; the centimetre as = | of an inch ; the metre as somewhat over a yard; the gramme as = about 15 grs. Troy; the kilogramme as something over 2 lbs. Avoirdupois. The ligne and the pouce correspond respectively to j 1 ^ of an inch and one inch ; and the livre to about 1 lb. Avoirdupois. Wherever greater exactitude has seemed desirable, as was stated in the preface, the English equivalents have been merely annexed to the French expressions, or the latter have Ween allowed to stand by themselves.

A TREATISE ON FRACTURES.