A practical treatise on the diseases of children

Front matter

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Preface To The Eighth German Edition

The favor with which my " Treatise on the Diseases of Children " has been received by my associates and students, its translation into all the principal languages of the civilized world, and the rapid consumption of the last edition, afford me sufficient assurance that it has been of some use to the profession.

In this edition the chapters on Artificial Nutrition, on the Difficulties of Dentition, and on jSTervous Diseases, have had considerable additions made to them. Especially has the question which is so important in the Psediatrics, concerning the presumed danger of transmitting tuberculosis from the cow to the child by means of the milk, been briefly but fairly discussed. In addition, new remedies, such as sahcylic acid, apomorphine, eucalyptus, and their subcutaneous uses, have been mentioned in connection with various diseases, and their advantages and disadvantages in children's practice have been pointed out.

In conclusion, I would remind the reader of the words of the Satyrs :

ALFKED VOGEL.

DoKPAT, January^ 1881^.

Preface To The Third American Edition

The acknowledged importance of Yogel's " Lelirbucli der Kinderkrankbeiten," the exhaustion some time since of the second American edition of that work, and the new subjects introduced into the author's revised edition, are my reasons for presenting to the medical j)rofes6ion of this country a third edition in the English language, corrected and enlarged, and to which I have thought it expedient to add an article on Cerebro-spinal Meningitis, and the various notes marked in brackets.

The new matter embodied in this new issue comprises all that is contained in the authors eighth German edition, recently published ; and, although these additions are comparatively limited, their practical importance will at once be conceded by every student and practitioner. The arrangement of the Infectious Diseases in this issue will also be found to be more scientilically correct.

H. RAPHAEL.

Preface To The First American Edition

Toward the close of 1868 1 informed Professor Yogel that I had taken the liberty of translating his excellent treatise on the Diseases of Children ; he kindly and promptly replied, giving his consent to the publication of the translation, informing me at the same time that the work was also in the course of translation into the Polish language, and that the fourth edition of the original was just then in press and would be issued early in the year 1869. He very considerately forwarded to me the additional articles of the last edition, and recommended their insertion in my translation, in order to make it correspond in all respects to the fourth German edition.-

The subjects alluded to are : (1), on the method of preparing the so-called Liebig's soup ; (2), on sclerosis of the sterno-cleido mastoideus muscle ; and (3), on rubeola — this last the author, in common with many eminent European physicians, regards as a Beparate and distinct disease from morbilli.

The facts of Yogel's " Kinderkrankheiten " having been translated into three other languages, and of its having attained to the fourth edition in less than eight years, together with the flattering commendations of the critics in various countries, and his belief in its utility and merit and its adaptation to the wants both of the practitioner and the student, must account for the translator having undertaken to render an English version of it.

vi rREFACE TO THE FIRST AMERICAN EDITION.

The work will be found to be well up to the present state of pathological knowledge ; complete without unnecessary prolixity ; its symptomatology accurate, evidently the result of careful observation of a competent and experienced clinical practitioner. The diao-nosis and differential relations of diseases to each other are accurately described, and the therapeutics judicious and discriminating. All polypharmacy is discarded, and only the remedies which appeared useful to the author commended.

"Without in any way detracting from the merit of the n'lmerous works upon the Diseases of Children which exist in our own and other languages, he ventures to assert his belief that the work of Yogel contains much that must gain for it the merited praise of all impartial judges, and prove it to be an invaluable text-book for the student and practitioner, and a safe and useful guide in the difficult but all-important department of Psediatrica.

In the efforts at converting the original into our own vernacular tongue, all thoughts of elegancy as to style have been renounced ; the only object aimed at was to present it in as clear and intelligible language as possible, to make the translation a worthy counterpart of the original, and to express the true ideas and intentions of the illustrious author ; how w^ell I have succeeded, time and the favor which it receives at the hands of the profession of this country will tell.

H. KAPHiVEL.

New York:, August, 1869,

Preface To The Third German Edition

Aftee three years I experience the great pleasure of placing my treatise on the Diseases of Children, for the third time, before my colleagues and those younger in the profession, and am quite convinced that my labor has not been wholly unappreciated. As a mark of still further recognition, it may be stated that two years ago a Russian translation, under the direction of M. Zelensky, followed the one in Dutch. As regards the improvements and additions, they are not considerable. But the chapter on Diphtheria had to be remodeled, because the description in the first and second editions answered more to the sporadic form resulting from scarlatina, etc., while the epidemic type with which I only became acquainted in the last few years, through personal observation, had not been exhaustively estimated. And now with pleasure I once more present this work to the young practitioner, trusting that it will aid him on the occasions of diagnostic doubt and therapeutic embarrassments, to which every beginner is liable, and elevate the vacillating

confidence in his medical skill.

ALFEED VOGEL.

DoEPAT, October^ 186G.

Preface To The Second American Edition

I TAKE great pleasure in presenting to the medical profession a second edition of the translation of Yogel's " Treatise on the Diseases of Children." The fact that the first edition has been exliausted in less than a year from its publication, and the almost unanimous encomiums which the book has received from the medical press, both in this country and in Europe, are a sufficient guarantee of the excellence of the work. "No alterations have been made in the text, but the opportunity has been taken to supply a few notes on the pathology and treatment of certain special diseases. These notes are abstracts of important papers which have appeared since the publication of the fourth edition in the original language.

H. Eaphael.

December, 1870.

OOI^TEISTTS.

PAGE

Preface v

1.—INTR on UCTOR Y REMARKS.

CHAPTER I. ANATOilO-PATHOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS UPON THE INFANTILE ORGANISM

A. — Eespiration and Circulation.

Ductus Venosus Arantii 1

Ductus Arteriosus Botalli 2

Foramen Ovale 2

Arteriae Umbilicales 2

Thymus Gland 3

B. — Secretions.

Meconium 4

Uric-Acid Infarction 5

Cutaneous Secretion, Seborrhoea Ca-

pillitii 6

C. — Groicth.

General Growth 7

Fontanels 8

Erujition of the Teeth 11

Chapter II. General Rules For The Examination Of Children

Expression of Countenance 15

Attitude 16

Pulse 17

Thermometric Measurements 18

Thoracic Cavity 19

Abdominal Cavity 21

Cry and Cough 28

Chapter III. Nursing And Care Of Children

Selection of a Wet-nurse 30

Analysis of the Milk 34

PAGE

Weaning 42

Artificial Nutrition 44

Bathing, Drcssincr, Residence 53

II.— SPECIAL SUBJECTS.

Chapter I. Diseases Originating Directly As A Re- Sult Of The Delivery

A. Asphyxia Neonatorum 54

B. Atelectasis Pulmonum 57

C. Cephalfematoma 59

D. Diseases of the Navel 61

(1.) Inflammation of the Umbilical

Vessels 62

(2.) Blenorrhoea and Ulceration of

Navel 63

(3.) Gangrene of the Navel 64

(4.) Ulceration of the Umbilical

Stump 64

(5.) Ilfemorrhage of the Navel 64

(6.) Hernias of the Navel 65

E. Trismus and Tetanus of the New-

born 67

F. Scleroma 70

G. Melfena Neonatorum 73

H. Icterus Neonatorum 74

I. Conjunctivitis Blenorrhoica Neonatorum 76

J. Mastitis Neonatorum 83

Chapter II. Diseases Of The Apparatus Of Digestion

A. — Mouth.

(1.) Harelip and Cleft Palate 84

(2.) Constriction of the Mouth 87

(3.) Imperfect Development of the

Tongue 88

(4.) ITvpcrtrophy and Prolapse of the

tongue 88

(5.) Abnormal Adhesions of the

Tongue 89

Contents

PAGE

(6.) Ranula yO

(7.) Catarrlial Inflammation of the Mucous Membrane of the

Appendix

(a.) Si'^nification of a Coated

Tongue in Children 105

{b.) Diflicuit Dentition 106

B. — Parotis.

(1.) Hypertrophy of the Parotid

Gland 112

C. — Pharynx and (Esophagus.

(1.) Angina Tonsillaris 113

(2.) Ilypertrophia Tonsillarum 115

(3.) Retropharyngeal Abscesses. .. . 116 (4 ) Inflammation of the G:;sopha-

gus 118

(5.) Congenital Fistula of the Neck. 119 (6.) Sclerosis of the Stcrno-cleido-

raastoideus Muscle 120

D. — Stomach and Intestinal Canal.

(1.) Tlie ifost Important Symptoms of Diseases of the Stomach

and Intestines 1 20

(rt.) Dyspepsia 121

(h.) Bulimia 123

(c.) Vomiting 124

('/.) Flatulence and Colic 127

(/.) Constipation 134

(2.) Catarrh of the Gastric Mucous

Membrane 136

(3.) Toxic Inflammation of the

Stomach 138

(4.) The Perforating Ulcer of the

Stomach 140

(5.) Ilfemorrhagic Erosions of the

Gastric -Mucous Membrane... 140

Softening of tlie Stomach 141

(6.) Catarrhal Inflammation of the

Intestines 146

(7.) Enteritis Folliculosa and Tabes

Mesenterica 153

(8.) Dysentery— The Flux 157

(9.) Intussusceptions 160

(loi Inguinal Hernia 163

(11.) Fissura Ani 165

(12.) Polypi of the Rectum 166

(13.) Prolapsus Ani , 167

PAGE

(14.) Malformations of the Anus and

Rectum 169

(15.) Entozoae, Enthelminthes, Helminthiasis, Worm Disease. ... 172

E. — Liver.

(1.) Syphilitic Inflammation of the

Liver 182

(2.) The Fatty Liver 183

(3.) Congenital Anomalies 186

F. — Spleen.

Idiopathic Hypertrophy of the Spleen. 187

G. — Peritonceum.

(1 ) Peritonitis 188

(2.) Ascites 190

(3.) Diseases of the Mesenteric

Glands 192

CHAPTER IH.

DISEASES OF THE ORGANS OF CIRCULATION.

A. — Heart and Vascular TrunTcs.

(1.) Congenital Anomalies 1S2

(2.) Endocarditis, Pericarditis, and

Rheumatismus Acutus 199

(3.) Hydropericardium 208

B. — Arteries and Veins.

(1.) Erectile Tumors 210

(2.) Thrombi of the Sinuses of the

Dura Mater 210

Chapter IV. Diseases Of The Organs Of Respiration

A. — Nasal Cavities.

(1.) Epistaxis, Bleeding of the Nose. 213

(2.) Coryza, Rhinitis, Catarrh 215

(3.) Adventitious Growths in the

Nose 217

(4.) Foreign Bodies in the Nose.. . . 218

B. — Larynx and Trachea.

(1.) Pseudo-croup 219

(2.) Neuroses of the Larynx 222

(rt.) Spasmus Glottidis 222

{b.) Paralysis Glottidis 230

C. — Thyroid Gland.

Struma 231

D, — Thymus Gland.

Asthma thymicum 233

CONTENTS.

XI

E. — Lungs. page

(1.) Bronchial Catarrh 2S4

(2. ) Pneumonia 241

(3.) Acquired Atelectasis of the

Lungs 250

(4.) Pulmonary Emphysema 253

(5.) Qildema Pulmonum 255

(6.) Haemorrhage from the Lungs . . 257 (7.) Hsemoptoic Pulmonary Infarction 258

(8.) Gangrene of the Lungs 25 y

(9.) Periodic Night-cough 261

F, — Pleura.

(1.) Pleurisy 262

(2.) Hydrothorax 269

Chapter V. Diseases Of The Nertocs System

A. — Brain.

(1.) Hydrocephalus Acutus Internus . 271 (2.) Meningitis Simplex, Purulenta,

and Encephalitis 291

(3.) Sunstroke 294

(4.) Hydrocephaloid and Irritatio

Cerebri 295

(5.) Hydrocephalus Chronicus 297

(6.) Encephalocele 302

(7.) Sclerosis of the Brain 304

(8.) Neoplasms of the Brain 304

(a.) Tubercle 305

{h.) Carcinoma 306

(c.) Entozoaj 306

(9.) Congenital Malformations 307

B. — Diseases of the Spinal Cord and Memhranes.

(1.) Spinal Meningitis and Myelitis. . 308

(2.) Spina Bifida, Hydro rrhachia. ... 312

C. — Disturlances of the Nervous Functions.

(1.) Eclampsia Infantum — Convulsions 315

(2.) Paralysis 323

(3.) Chorea Minor 329

(4.) Chorea Major 338

(5.) Epilepsy 341

APPENDI.^.

A. Suctus Voluptabilis 351

B. Diseases of the Mind 353

C. — Iliglier Organs of Sense.

I.—Sif/ht 3^5

(1.) Epicanthus 366

PAGE

(2.) Cyclopia 356

(3.) Malformations of the Eyeball. . . 356

II. — Hearing 358

(1.) Malformation of the Organ of

Hearing 358

(a.) Absence of the Auricxilse 358

(6.) Occlusion of the Meatus Audi-

torius 359

(2.) Simple Inflammation of the

Meatus Auditorius 360

(3.) Abscesses in the Meatus Auditorius 363

(4.) Inflammation of the Middle Ear. 364

(5.) Otitis Interna, the Real 366

(6.) Foreign Bodies in the Ear. .... 370

Chapter VI. Diseases Of The Bladder And Genital Organs

A. — Kidneys.

(L) Malformation of the Kidnej's. . . 372 (2.) Uric-Acid Infarction of the New-born 372

(3.) Morbus Brightii. 374

(4.) Renal Calculi, Renal Tubercles,

Renal Cysts 379

B. — Bladder.

(1.) Malformation 380

{«.) Total Absence of Bladder 380

{b.) Fissure of Bladder 381

(c.) Cloacae 383

(2.) Cystitis 383

(3.) Incontinentia Urinae 385

(4.) Ischuria 388

(5.) Vesical Calculi 389

0. — Male Genitals.

I. — Penis 392

(1.) Malformations 392

(a) Congenital Phimosis 392

{b.) Congenital Paraphimosis 393

(c.) Congenital Closure of Meatus. 393

id.) Hypospadia aud Epispadia . . . 393

(2.) Balanitis 394

(3.) Acquired Paraphimosis 395

(4.) Onanism 396

ll.— Tcstia 398

(1.) Cryptorchidia 398

(2.) Hydrocele 399

D. — Female Genitals.

(1.^ Malformations 402

(2.) Catarrh of the Genital Mucous

Membrane 404

(3.) Vaginal Haemorrhage 406

Xll

CONTEXTS.

PAGE

LOCAL DISEASES OF THE SKtN.

(1.) Erythema Neonatorum.. 534

(2.) Intertrigo (Chafing) 535

(3.) Furunculosis 536

(4.) Scabies (Itch) 537

(5.) Congenital Nasvi (Mother's-Maik) 539

PAGE

(7.) Congelatio, Frost-bite, Chilblain . 542