A smaller history of Rome, from the earliest times to the establishment of the empire

Front matter

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3, vOc vOo

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CHAPTER I. Geogeapht of Italy — Eably Inhabitants

Page

Position of Italy 1

Its boundaries 1

Its two Divisions 1

L Gallia Cisalpina 2

Liguria '. 2

Yenetia 2

II. Italia, properly so called. 2

Etruria 2

Umbria 2

Picenum 2

SabinL 3

Marsi 3

Peligni 3

Vestini 3

Marrucini 3

Frentani 3

Latium : its two senses 3

The Campagna 3

The Pontine Marshes 4

Campania 4

Bay of Naples 4

Samnium 4

Page

Apulia 4

Calabria 4

Lucania 4

Bruttii 4

Fertility of Italy 5

Its productions 5

Its inhabitants 5

I. Italians proper 5

1. Latins 5

2. Umbro-SabeUians 5

II. lapygians 5

ni. Etruscans 5

Their name 5

Their language 5

Their origin 5

Their two confederacies. . 6

1. North of the Po 6

2. South of the Apen-

nines 6

Foreign races —

IV. Greeks 6

Gauls 6

CHAPTER II. The Fiest Foub Kings of Rome. b.c. 753-616

Position of Pvome 7

Its inhabitants 7

I.Latins 7

2. Sabines 7

3. Etruscans 7

Remarks on early Roman history 8

Legend of yEneas 8

Legend of Ascanius 8

Foundation of Alba Longa ... 8

Legend of Rhea Silvia 8

Birth of Romulus and Remus. . 8

Their recognition by Numitor 9

753. Foundation of Rome 9

Roma Quadrata 9

Pomcerium 9

Death of Remus 10

753-716. Reign of Romulus 9

Asylum 10

Rape of Sabines 10

CONTENTS.

War with Sabines 10

Tarpeia 10

Sabine women 10

Joint reign of Romulus

and Titus Tatias 11

Deatli of Titus Tatius. . 11

Sole reign of Komulus . . 11

Death of Komulus 11

Institutions ascribed to

Romulus 12

Patricians & Clients 12 Three tribes — Ramnes, Titles, Lu-

ceres 12

Thirty Curiae 12

Three HundredGen-

tes 12

Comitia Curiata 12

The Senate 12

The Army 12

71G-6T3. Reign of Numa Pompilius 12 Institutions ascribed to

Numa Pompilius 12

Pontiffs 12

Augurs 13

J Flamens 13

' Vestal Vii'gins 13

7. Salii 13

, Temple of Janus ... 13

673-641. Reign of Tullus Hostilius 13

War with Alba Longa. . 13 Battle of the Horatii and

Curiatii 13

War with the Etruscans 14 Punishment of Mettius Fuffetius, Dictator of

Alba Longa 14

Destruction ofAlbaLonga 14 Removal of its inhabitants to Rome 14

^ Origin of the Roman

Plebs 14

Death of Tullus Hostilius 14

640-616. Reign of Ancus Marcius. . 14

War with the Latins. . . 14

Increase of the Plebs. . . 15

"«^Ostia 15

> Janiculum 15

. \ Pons Sublicius 15

Death of Ancus Marcius 15

CHAPTER III. The Last Theee Kings of Rome, and the Establishment of the Republic

DOWN TO THE BaTTLE OF THE LaKE ReGILLUS. B.C. 016-498.

616-578. Reign of TarquiniusPriscus

His early histoiy

His removal to Rome . . .

Becomes king

His wars

The Cloacae

Circus Maximus

Increase of the Senate. .

Increase of the Equites

Attus Navius

Increase of the Vestal

Virgins

Early history of Servius

Tullius

Death of Tarquinius

Priscus

578-634. Reign of Servius Tullius.,

I. Reform of the Roman

Constitution

1. Division of the Ro-

man territory into Thirty Tribes....

2. Comitia Centuriata

Census

Five Classes

The Equites

Number of the Centuries

Three sovereign assemblies —Comitia

Centuriata, Comitia Curiata, Comitia Tributa ...

II. Increase of the city :

walls of Servius

Tullius

III. Alliance with the

Latins

Death of Servius Tullius

534-510. Reign of Tarquinius Superbus

His tyranny

His alliance with the

Latins

His war with the Volscians

Foundation of the temple on the Capitoline Hill

The Sibylline books....

Legend of the Sibyl

Capture of Gabii

King's sons and Brutus

■ sent to consult the oracle at Delphi

Lucretia

CONTENTS.

ii.o. Page Expulsion of the Tarquins 25

509. Establishment of the Republic 25

The Consuls 25

First attempt to restore the

Tarquins 25

Execution of the sons of

Brutus 25

War of the Etruscans with

Rome 26

Death of Brutus 26

Defeat of the Etruscans. . 26

Valerius Publicola 26

Dedication of the Capitoline

Temple by M. Horatius 26

50S. Second attempt to restore the

Tarquins 26

Lars Porsena 26

Horatius Codes 26

Mucins Scsevola 27

Clcelia 27

498. Third attempt to restore the

Tarquins 28

War with the Latins 28

Battle of the Lake Regillus 28

496. Death of Tarquinius Superbus 28

Chapter IV

Feom the Battle of the Lake Regii.lus to the Decemvieate. B.C. 498-451.

Struggles between the Patri-

cians and Plebeians

Ascendency of the Patricians . .

Sufferings of the Plebeians

Law of debtor and creditor

Ager Publicus

Oiaject of the Plebeians to obtain a .share in the political power and in the public

land

494. Secession to the Sacred Mount Fable of Menenius Agrippa

Institution of the Tribunes

ofthePlebs 31

486. Agrarian Law of Sp. Cassius. . SI

Foreign Avars 32

488. I. Coriolanus and the Vol-

scians 82

477. n. The Fabia Gens and the

Veien tines 33

458. IlL Cincinnatus and the

^quian.« 34

League between the Romans, Latins, and Hernicans 35

CHAPTER V. The Decemvieate. b.c. 451-449

471. Publilian Law, transferring the election of the Tribunes from the Comitia of Centuries to those of the Tribes 36

462. Proposal of the Tribune Terentilius Arsa for the appointment of Decemviri 37

460. Seizure of the Capitol by Her-

donius the Sabine 37

454. Appointment of three Commissioners to visit Greece 37

452. Their return to Rome 37

451. Appointment of the Decemviri 37 The Ten Tables 37

450. New Decemviri appointed 37

Their tyranny 38

Tavo new Tables added, making twelve in all 38

• The Decemviri continue in office 38

Death of Sicinius Dentatus . . 38

Death of Virginia 39

Second secession to the Sacred

Mount 39

Resignation of the Decemvirs 39

Election of ten Tribunes. . 40

Valerian and Horatian Laws. . 40

Death of Appius Claudius, ... 40

The Twelve Tables 40

CONTENTS.

Chapter VI

Fkom the Decemyirate to the Capture of Rome bt the Gauls. B.O. 448-390.

445. Third secession to the Sacred

Mount

Lex Canuleia for intermarriage between the

two orders

Institution of Military Tribunes with consular

powers

443. Institution of the Censorship. . 421. Qusestorship thrown open to the

Plebeians

440. Famine at Rome

Death of Sp. Mfslius

Foreign wars

Koman colonies.

War with the Etruscans 43

437. Spolia Opima won by A. Cornelius Cossus 43

426. Capture and destruction of Fi-

dense 43

403. Commencement of siege of Veii 43

Tale of the Alban Lake 43

396. Appointment of Camillus as

Dictator 43

Capture of Veii 44

394. War with Falerii 44

Tale of the Schoolmaster... . 44

Unpopularity of Camillus 44

391. He goes into exile 44

Chapter VII

From the Capttire of Rome by the Gauls to the Final Union of the Two Orders, b.c. 390-36T.

The Gauls, or Celts

391. Attack of Clusium by the Se-

Roman embassadors sent to

Clusium

They take part in the fight

against the Senones

The Senones march upon Rome

390. Battle of the Allia

Destruction of Rome

Siege of the Capitol

Legend of M. Manlius

Appointment of Camillus as

Dictator

He delivers Rome from the

Gauls

Rebuilding of the city

Further Gallic wars

361. Legend of T. Manlius Tor-

quatus

349. Legend of M. Valerius Corvus

?,61.

Distress at Rome 48

M. Manlius comes forward as a

patron of the poor 48

His fate 49

Licinian Rogations proposed. . 49 Violent opposition of the Patricians 50

Licinian Rogations passed 50

L. Sextius first Plebeian Consul 50

Institution of the Prsetorship. . 50

First Plebeian Dictator. 51

First Plebeian Censor 51

First Plebeian Praetor 51

Lex Ogulnia, increasing the number of the Pontiffs and Augurs, and, enacting that a certain number of them should be taken from the

Plebeians 51

Publilian Laws 51

Lex Hortensia 51

CONTENTS.

XI

Chapter VIII

Feom the Licinian Rogations to tub end op the Samnitb Waes B.C. 367-290.

15. c. Page

362. Pestilence at Rome 52

Death of Camillus 52

Tale of M. (Jurtius 53

TheSamnites 53

Their history 53

Division into four tribes 53

ConquerCampaniaandLucania 53 Samnites of the Apennines attack the Sidicmi 53

Campanians assist the Sidicini 53 They are defeated by the Samnites 53

They solicit the assistance of

Rome 53

343-341. First Samnite War 54

Battle of Mount Gaurus 54

Peace concluded 54

Reasons for the conclusion of peace 54

340-33S. The Latin Wae 54

The ai-mies meet near

Mount Vesuvius 55

Tale of Torquatus 55

Decisive battle 55

Self-sacrifice of Decius. . 55

Capture of Latin towns 56

Conclusion of the war. . . 56 329. Conquest of the Volscian town

of Pm'ernum 56

Origin f f the Second Samnite

War 56

327. The Romans attack Palseopolis

and Neapolis 56

; ^-c. Page

326-304. Second Samnite Wak.. . . 57

First Period.

I Roman arms successful 57

I 325. Quarrel between L. Pa-

pirius Dictator and Q.

Fabius, his master of

the horse 57

321-315. Second Period.

Success of the Samnites 57 321. Defeat of the Romans at

the Caudine Forks by

C. Pontius 58

Ignominious treaty rejected by the Romans 58 314-304. Third Period.

Success of the Romans. .

311. War with the Etruscans

Defeat of the Etruscans

Defeat of the Samnites . .

804. Peace with Rome

300. Conquests of Rome in Central

Italy

Coalition of Etruscans, Umbrians, and Samnites against

Rome

298-290. Thied Samnite War. . . . 295. Decisive battle of Sen-

tinum 59

Self-sacrifice of • the

younger Decius 59

292. C. Pontius taken pris-

oner and put to death 59

Chapter IX

From the Conclusion of the Samnite B.C. 290- 283. War with the Etruscans and

Gauls 60

Battle of the Lake Vadimo 60

282. State of Magna Grtecia CO

The Romans assist Thurii 60

Their fleet is attacked by the

Tarentines 61

Roman embassy to Tarentum 61 281. War declared against the Tarentines 61

They apply for aid to Pyrrhus 61

Pyrrhus arrives in Italy 02

War to the Subjugation op Italy.

!80. His first campaign against the

Romans 62

Battle of Heraclea 62

Remarks of Pyrrhus on the

victoiy 62

He attempts to make peace

with Rome 62

Failure of his minister Cineas 63 He marches upon Rome and

arrives at Prseneste 63

Retires into winter quarters at

Tarentum 63

Xll

CONTENTS.

B,o. J^age

Embassy of Fabricius 63

279. Second campaign of Pyrrhiis. . 64

Battle of Asculum 64

278. Treachery of the physician of

Pyrrhiis 64

Truce with Rome 64

Pyrrhus crosses over into Sicily 64

276. He returns to Italy 64

274. Defeat of Pyrrhus 65

He returns to Greece 65

272. Subjugation of Tarentum C5

Conquest of Italy 65

273. Embassy of Ptolemy Philadel-

phiis to Rome 65

Three classes of Italian population : I. Oives Romani, or Roman

Citizens 66

1. Of the Thirty -three

tribes 66

2. Of the Roman Col-

onies 66

3. Of the Municipal

Towns 66

n. Nomen Latinum, or the

Latin name 66

III. Socii, or Allies 66

312. Censorship of Appins Claudius 67 His dangerous innovation as to

the Freedmen 67

304. Repealed in the Censorship of Q. Fabiiis Maximus and P.

Decius Mus 67

312. The Appian Way 67

The Appian Aqueduct 67

Cn. Flavius 67