Extracts from the letters and journal of Daniel Wheeler : while engaged in a religious visit to the inhabitants of some of the islands of the Pacific Ocean, Van Dieman's Land, New South Wales, and New Zealand, accompanied by his son, Charles Wheeler

Front matter

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Preface

TO THE AMERICAN EDITION.

The " Extracts from the Journal of Daniel Wheeler," were originally published under the direction of the Meeting for Sufferings in London, in four parts, at different intervals of time, as they came to hand. In re-printing them here, it has been thought that a division into chapters, for the greater facility of reference, would be convenient to the reader. Two documents, not included in the London edition, furnished by Daniel Wheeler for that purpose, have been added, and some errors of the press, which escaped notice in the English edition, have been corrected.

It is hoped that the example of dedication to the service of his Divine Master, exhibited in the following pages, as well as the remarkable manner in which way was providentially made for the accomplishment of his religious duties, and the support and preservation mercifully granted during his long and exposing journey by sea and land, may prove an incentive to others to dedicate their time and talents to the Lord's work, as he may be pleased to engage and lead them therein ; that thus the cause and kingdom of our dear Redeemer may be spread in the earth.

The situation of the injured natives of the South Sea Islands, described in the Extracts, and the evils they suffer from the contaminating examples and wicked conduct of those calling themselves Christians, who visit their shores, are calculated to affect every feeling heart with sensations of compassion, of sorrow and of shame, and are, indeed, a disgrace to the Christian name. May the perusal of the following pages awaken attention to this deeply painful subject, especially among persons concerned in whaling or trading voyages in those seas, and induce the sacrifice of every prospect of pecuniary gain, which contributes to produce such deplorable and demoralizing effects.

Not only captains and other officers of vessels touching at the Islands, are implicated in the guilt of these abominable practices, but the owners of the ships, and those who participate in the profits of the voyages, have their share in the awful responsibility. A more vigilant watch over the crews, and greater care to select religious and moraL

IV PREFACE.

men tor every department, and the total 'prohibition of ardent spirits, either as cargo or stores, would contribute to a reformation — it being sorrowfully the case, that some styled temperance ships, in which the crews are not permitted to partake of the baneful poison, carry it out as an article of trade, to sell to the poor natives.

Can we wonder if the attempts to spread the knowledge of the Christian religion among the natives of those islands prove unsuccessful, while they behold such inconsistent examples in the conduct of professing Christians 1 Should one of the Islanders acquire a knowledge of the Holy Scriptures, and compare with the benign precepts of our blessed Lord, which are there recorded, the actions of those who profess to make the Sacred Writings the rule of their conduct, would he not justly conclude that the white people themselves had need to be converted, before they attempted to convert others. And would he not be in danger of thinking, that if the Christian precepts and doctrines had done so little toward restraining the evil passions and regulating the demeanour of those who had so long made a profession of them, he had little to hope from a change in his religion 1 Sad indeed is it to think that the precious and holy doctrines of the Saviour of mankind should thus be scandalized by those who unworthily take upon them the sacred name of Christ. Awful is the responsibility of such ; for, instead of showing forth a good conversation with meekness of wisdom, and thus letting their lights shine before men, that others seeing their good works may be induced to come and take the yoke of Christ upon them and submit to his cross, and thus glorify our Father who is in heaven, " the name of God is blasphemed among the Gentiles," through their wicked conduct — they neither enter themselves, nor suffer those who would, to enter the kingdom of heaven. May this subject obtain the serious consideration of all who are concerned in it, or who are interested for the spread of the Redeemer's kingdom; that in his wisdom and by his might, a stop may be put to these crying sins, and the blessed day be hastened, when the knowledge of the glory of the Lord shall cover the earth as the waters cover the sea, and from every heart and in every clime, incense and a pure offering be offered unto the Lord in righteousness.

Philadelphia, Third month, 1840.

Chapter I. Page

Introductory remarks — sails from the Thames — detention at the Isle of Wight — change of Captain — farewell Letter — final departure — passage to Rio de Janeiro — a suspicious sail — arrival at Rio de Janeiro — detention at Quarantine — landing — religious engagements — Slavery, 9

Chapter II

Sail from Brazil — determine to proceed by the Cape of Good Hope — heavy sea — escape from shipwreck — imminent danger — remarkable preservation — continuance of stormy weather — lightening the vessel — hurricane — lying to — tyfoons — hurricane — tremendous storms — land ui sight, 26

CHAPTER HI.

Van Diemen's Land — blown off— enter Storm Bay — anchor off Hobart Town — meeting with James Backhouse and George W. Walker — the " Henry Freeling" — illness — sail from Hobart Town — Botany Bay — arrival at Sidney — Aborigines — visit from a missionary — interview with the governor — conclude to stop at Norfolk Island — an aged missionary — public meeting at Sidney — a visit to the governor — the ship's company — religious engagements, 39

Chapter IV

Sail from Sidney — meetings on sTiip board — arrive off Norfolk Island — parting with James Backhouse and George Washington Walker — sail for the Society Islands — equinoctial gale — enter the Torrid Zone — Maitea — arrive at Tahiti — first interview with the natives — visit from the king — prohibition of ardent spirits — meeting of the missionaries and natives at at Papaoa, 51

Chapter V

Tahiti— visit of chiefs — the young kmg — meeting for sailors — distribution of tracts. Bibles, &c. — temperance ships — introduction of ardent spirits — visit to the schools — attend the native meeting — visiters on board — John Davies — meeting on board — importance of translating and circulating the Scriptures — Tahitian council — native meeting, 62

Chapter VI

Visit to Bunaauia — native meeting — kindness of the principal chief— Point Venus — perilous situation — Tiarei — native meeting — meeting at Point Venus — visit to Taiarapu — Papara — beautiful scenery — school at Teahurpoo — meeting of the natives — letter from the native congregation — favoured opportunity — native meeting at Papara — return to the " Henry Freelmg" — letter from the queen of Tahiti, 76

Chapter VII

Set out for Tautira — a native feeding — meetings at Tautira — visit to Hitea — a solemn opportunity — public meeting — return to the " Henry Freeling" — meeting for the white residents — obstructions to the progress of religion — visit to the queen — meeting for the white residents on board the " Henry Freeling" — letters from home — distribution of books — meeting on board the " Charles Carroll," 91

VI CONTENTS.

Chapter VIII. Page

An old acquaintance — visit from missionaries — Baron de Thierry— second meeting on board the " Charles Carroll" — a sick stranger — meeting in the chapel — sail for Eimeo — letters from home — fall of a mast — arrive at Eimeo— native school — native meeting — demoralizing influence of foreigners — iniquitous traffic in spirits, 108

Chapter IX

Meeting with the native children at Papetoai — visit to Afareaitu — meetings there and at Matea — a Marai — return to the " Henry Freeling" — meeting on board — native meeting — the imity of the brethren — a warning against intemperance — meeting with the mission families — sail for Huahine — prohibition of spirits there — native meeting — an invitation from the pilot — social meeting of the authorities — native meeting — distribution of tracts — sail for Raiatea, 120

Chapter X

Raiatea — arrival at Uturoa — ^native meeting — a place of human sacrifice — meeting at Tahaa — a native feeding — Bolabola — desolating effects of intemperance — native meeting — meeting with the rebel chief and his idolatrous party — native meeting — wretchedness of the inhabitants— distribution of clothing — sail for the Sandwich Islands — contrary winds — Flint's Island — cross the equator — favourable change — Hawaii in sight — Oahu, 137

Chapter XI

Sandwich Islands — Oahu — anchor in the harbour of Honolulu — native meeting — letter from the governing chief of the Sandwich Islands — visit from the king — meeting at the mariner's chapel — distribution of tracts, &c. — native meeting — meeting at the chapel — visit of the governor of Hawaii — half-caste girls' school — meeting at the chapel — native marriages — native meeting — meeting at the chapel — native girls' school, 158

CHAPTER Xn.

Interview with the queen — public meeting — publications of the mission press — half-caste boys' school — address to the rulers of the Sandwich Islands — visit from the mission families — meeting at the chapel — an infidel ship's company — appointed meeting — departure from Honolulu — Hawaii — anchor in Kalakakua bay — native visitors — public meeting — interesting opportunity with the mission family — proceed to Kailua — relics of idolatry — native meetings — visit of the king — leave for Waimea mission station, 178

Chapter XIII

Waimea — native meeting — sail for Koala — cascades — letter of introduction — volcano — Byron's Bay — a Tabu — native meetings — cascade of the rainbow — sail with the mission families for Maui — marriage on board — parting interview between the natives and missionaries — island of Maui — anchor at Lahaina — proceed to Wairuku — school — native meeting — meetings at Lahaina — high school at Lahaina Luna — sail for Oahu — landing of the missionaries, 204

CONTENTS. VII

Chapter XIV. Page

Oahu — death of Captain Russel — annual meeting of the missionaries — meeting at Eva — meeting with the members of the mission — addressed by the senior missionary — sail for Tauai — native meeting at Koala— sail for Hanarei mission station — native meeting — Waimea — purchasmg supplies — oppression of the natives — final departure from the Sandwich Islands — letter from the missionaries — address to the missionaries, 219

Chapter XV

Re-cross the Equator — Hervey Islands — land upon the Island of Roratogna — friendly reception — school — native meetings — the three mission stations — kindness of the natives — increase of population — remarks on leaving the Hervey Islands — letter from a native scholar — sail for the Friendly Isles, 235

Chapter XVI

Friendly Islands — island of Vavau — Wesleyan missionaries — appearance of the natives — native meetings at Neiafli, Feletoa, and Haalaufuli — appointed meeting for seamen — visit to the island of Otea — native meeting — lofty cavern — King George — meeting at Hihifo — earthquake — meetings at Matika — at Neiafu — embarkation of the mission families — sail for Lifuka, 251

Chapter XVII

Island of Lifiika — ^native meeting — distribution of Bibles, &c. — visit of the king — meetmg with the missionaries — native meeting — sail for Tongata- ^00 — anchor off the settlement at Nukualofa — letter from the Wesleyan missionaries — distribution of clothing and medicines — a Kava party — visit to the heathen settlement at Mua — restraining influence of the missionaries — native meeting at Nukualofa — letter to the missionaries at the Friendly Islands, 269

Chapter XVIII

Tongataboo — condition of the heathen natives — meeting with the foreigners — visit to a heathen chief— parting interviews with the natives and missionaries — sail from the Friendly Islands — New Zealand — anchor in the Bay of Islands — natives on board — visit the mission family — native meeting at Koua-Koua — an aged missionary — desolating effects of intercourse with the shippmg, 289

Chapter XIX

New Zealand — visit to the mission station at Waimate — wars among the ' natives — a fatigumg journey — meeting with the mission families — native meeting— meeting with the children — return to the " Henry Freeling" — distribution of tracts — native meetings at Korarareka — meeting with the missionaries at Paihia — cannibals — address to the missionaries — sail from the Bay of Islands — remarks on the character of the New Zealanders — Lord Howe's Island — anchor off Sidney — religious engagements there — return to England, 305

EXTRACTS

FROM THE LETTERS, JOURNAL, &c.

Chapter I

Introductory remarks — sails from the Thames — detention at the Isle of Wight— change of Captain — farewell Letter — final departure — passage to Rio de Janeiro — a suspicious sail — arrival at Rio de Janeiro — detention at Quarantine — landing— religious engagements — Slavery.

Our dear friend, Daniel Wheeler, of Shoosharry, near Petersburg, in Russia, having for a considerable time past felt his mind strongly attracted, in the love of the Gospel, tow^ards the inhabitants of some of the islands in the Pacific Ocean, of New South Wales, and Van Diemen's Land ; and believing the time had arrived that he must surrender himself to the service, spread his concern before Balby monthly-meeting, in Yorkshire, of which he is a member, the quarterly-meeting of York, and the morning-meeting of ministers and elders in London ; in all which meetings much unity and sympathy were felt and expressed with our dear friend, as appears by the certificates granted to him by the said meetings, bearing date respectively the 20th of ninth month, the 26th of ninth month, and the 14th of eleventh month, 1832.

The Committee of the Meeting for Sufferings appointed to forward the object, devoted much time and attention to the subject, frequently met, consulted several persons likely to give accurate information as to the best mode of conveyance, and after very mature deliberation, came at length to the conclusion, as recommended by those whose local knowledge enabled them to form a correct judgment, to purchase a small vessel for the purpose, not only as the most suitable, but probably, in the end, the least expensive; particularly as the prospect of Daniel Wheeler was, to proceed from island to island.

About this time an opportunity occurred of purchasing, on reasonable terms, the " Henry Freeling," lately a Post-Office packet, of 101 tons register. A number of Friends generously came forward, not only to pay for the vessel, but at a considerable expense, to prepare her for the voyage. This offer the Committee gratefully accepted.

Charles Wheeler, son of Daniel Wheeler, believing it his duty to offer himself as a companion to his father, provided the Committee should approve thereof, wrote a letter to that effect, dated Shoosharry Farm, 2nd of sixth month, 1833, in which he says, " Though by no means unconscious of my incapacity to act in a concern of such importance, and however inexpedient in the eye of mere reason such a step may be in a temporal point of view, I cannot omit offering my assistance in any way which shall be deemed best to promote the object, allowing that it shall be ultimately deemed proper. Nature, as might be expected, shrinks from a step which involves such important consequences, and which in itself, simply considered, is by no means such as I should have chosen ; yet my only wish in the case is, I trust, to act faithfully the part designed for me by that gracious Being who has an undoubted right to dispose of His creatures according to the good pleasure of His will ; and keeping my obligation to do so in view, I do not see how I can do other than make the offer which this is intended to convey."

The Committee, after due deliberation thereon, believed it right to accept him in that capacity, to which the Meeting for Sufferings agreed, and Balby monthly-meeting signified its concurrence therein by granting him its certificate.

The necessary arrangements having been completed, they sailed from the River Thames on the 13th of eleventh month, 1833, and were proceeding down the English Channel, when on the 21st they were overtaken by a heavy storm, which induced them to seek for shelter near the Isle of Wight. On the evening of that day Daniel Wheeler writes thus to a friend.

" Mother-hank, 21st of eleventh mo., 1833, 6 o^clock, A. M.

" Some ships that sailed with us have already reached the Mother-bank, but it is thought that many will have to return to the Downs, as the weather is now becoming very stormy, and the wind directly opposed to our course down the Channel. It is indeed a great favour to be enabled to find a place of safety, and demands our humble gratitude and thankfulness to Him who presides over every storm, whether of outwardly contending elements, or spiritual conflicts; and though the present dispensation may seem to impede our progress towards Cape Horn, yet it is my belief, and I am comforted in it, that all will be well at last, because ordered by Him, in whose will I desire to rest, and in whose tender mercy I trust."

On the 31st of twelfth month, he writes, "In two days more we shall have been six weeks hereabouts, and I am sometimes ready to think our dear friends will be weary of hearing again and again that we are still buffetted by adverse gales at the Mother-bank ; but the will of the Lord must be done ; and I endeavour to wait patiently to see what He will be pleased to do for His great name's sake ; for He knows my downsitting and my uprising, and understandeth my thoughts afar off; and that the sole cause of my being here, is no other, than that I may be found coming up in the path of obedience to what I believe to be required of me ; and therefore the consciousness of not being here in my own creaturely will and activity, reconciles me to all the turnings and overturnings of His holy hand; and that He will continue to bear me up, is my humble prayer, until He shall be pleased to say, ' It is enough.' "

During the detention of the vessel, it appeared that advantage would arise from a change being made in the person who had the charge of her ; and whilst the Committee were looking out for a more suitable one to supply his place, Daniel Wheeler thus writes, under date of 15th of second month, 1834.

" In treating with a person to take the command of our vessel, there are many stipulations which ought to be made and insisted upon, besides nautical skill and other qualifications. In the first place, it should be understood by the person in treaty for the station, that we are a temperance vessel; — secondly, that the crew are regularly assembled in the cabin twice on every first-day, for devotional purposes, and also that the Scriptures are read every morning and evening in the cabin on other days, when both the captain and mate are expected to (and now do) attend ; thirdly, that as much as practicable, all unnecessary work is dispensed with, as regards the sailors, on the first-day of the week, to aflTord them a portion of time for themselves : these things ought, I think, to be thoroughly understood in the outset, so that nothing unpleasant may afterwards occur, when perhaps it would be too late to make them obligatory and bring about their establishment. My motive for mentioning these particulars, is not to make the way more difficult for my dear friends, but in order to save both time and trouble, and perhaps prevent much disappointment and uneasiness in future."

Owing to a succession of contrary winds and boisterous weather, which is very unusual for such a length of time, their vessel, with many others, was detained until the 15th of the third month, 1834, when they set sail. On the 14th, Daniel Wheeler writes — " It is more than three months since I had my foot on the shore ; but if I had not persisted in remaining on board, I should not have been in possession of the true character of our seamen, nor of every minutia of the state and condition of our vessel. We have put her in the best trim which we are capable of doing, and must rely on One who is almighty to help, and if He is but with us, we shall have nothing to fear." " Good indeed," he adds, " has it been for me to be here, and true it is also, that suflferings and tribulations have only been permitted in boundless mercy to draw me nearer and nearer to the bosom of my Lord, the only, but never-failing source of consolation, in every time of trial and distress ; however dark the hour of conflict, the entrance of His word is light and life." He further observes, that " the present great object of his life, the service before him, revives at seasons with increasing and encouraging brightness to his view."

The same day, (being that previous to their sailing,) Daniel Wheeler addressed a farewell letter to the Committee, as follows :

" Henry Freeling, Mother -hanTe^ \Atli of third mo., 1834.

" Upon reference I find that it is now considerably more than three months since I began a letter for the information of my dear friends, when at that time anticipating that ere long we should be permitted to direct our course across the trackless ocean to the Southern hemisphere ; but I had not completed more than half a sheet of paper, when the progress of my pen was arrested, by circumstances, wjiich have prevented any further addition being made until this day, when the way now seems to open for resuming the subject — our departure being at hand.

" Among the many multiplied mercies and blessings which unceasingly flow from the bounteous and compassionate hand of Him, who ' crowneth the year with his goodness,' and ' satisfieth the desire of every living thing,' I feel bound to acknowledge with humble thankfulness and admiration, our long detention on these shores. Notwithstanding there have been many gloomy days, and days of darkness, ' as the morning spread upon the mountains,' and many long and dreary winter nights to pass through, when the raging storm has again and again whitened with foam the surface of the agitated deep around us ; and not only the strife of elements to witness without, but a conflicting and spiritual strife within, ' tossed with tempest and not comforted ;' yet how unspeakably great the faithfulness of our good and gracious Lord God !

* His compassions fail not,' but have been, and still continue to be,

* new every morning,' as the returning day ; for in moments of greatest conflict and trial there has been something permitted, like the * bow in the cloud,' for the poor mind to look at, to animate, and cheer, and strengthen with hardness to endure and stand firm.

" But, although moon after moon hath waned, and faith and patience have been beset as on the right hand and on the left, and the afflictions of the Gospel have at times been permitted to abound, yet to the glory and honour, and praise of Him, (whose name ever excellent and adorable, shall be great among the nations, from the rising of the sun to the going down of the same,) the consolations of the Gospel have also abounded, in a degree of the fulness of that heavenly blessing which makes truly rich, and whereunto no sorrow is added : when faith hath been mercifully strengthened, and patience renewed under the tribulations of the day. And notwithstanding an untrodden path has been my portion, yet after all, though weakness and fear are my constant companions by the way, safety and peace have been hitherto found. I would therefore encourage all my beloved friends to keep near to their heavenly Teacher and Leader, who, if faithfully followed, will not only conduct their steppings to a hair's breadth, but will preserve and keep the mind in calmness and serenity, securely, as in a pavilion, <from the strife of tongues.'

" In addition to the marvellous loving kindness I have thus endeavoured to portray, many other mercies and blessings have been showered upon our heads, during the apparently long and unaccountable detention of our little bark upon our own coasts ; these I have often had to number with grateful sensations, when the light has shone brightly, and manifested clearly to my finite understanding how much we should have missed, if our progress had not thus been arrested. So that with myself, instead of this delay having been productive of regret, or the cause of letting in fear or doubt, to stagger or depress my tribulated mind, I do, my dear friends, hail it with gratitude and thankfulness, as the gracious and compassionate deaUng of my Lord and Master, not only as a time of Divine favour and condescension, but as an earnest of his love and mercy for our encouragement, instruction, and future benefit, graciously vouchsafed — a time of preparation for the important work before us, and of weaning, from every dependence and guidance which are not of Him, to strengthen our confidence, and put our whole trust in his power, to help and deliver out of every distress, who not only commands the storm, but at whose rebuke the mountain billows cease to undulate, and lo ! ' there is a great calm.'

" Within the last two or three days the prospect of liberation has begun to dawn with clearness ; but I trust, that if even a further detention should be meted out to us, either here or in some other port, the same resignation to the Divine will, will be vouchsafed : for although I have for more than two years past, felt anxious to move forward in a work, which has yet to begin when the decay of nature is visible, and the shadows of the evening proclaim, as they lengthen around me, the steady decline of life's setting sun, yet I have been frequently comforted by a renewed evidence that we have not yet been here one day too long.

*' It will, I feel assured, afford my dear friends much satisfaction to know that the crew of the vessel, notwithstanding the frequent though unavoidable communication with the neighbouring shore for so great a length of time, have given no cause for uneasiness by improper conduct, and have at all times behaved, with scarcely an exception, in an orderly and agreeable manner, and the captain now provided for us seems to be judiciously selected, and the man who, beyond all expectation, is admirably adapted to aid and assist by example and experience in the accomplishment of the important object before us ; so that I hope what has passed, and what may yet be in store for us to come, will be found and acknowledged to be among the * all things that work together for good.' I must not omit adding, that the solemn covering frequently witnessed mercifully

2* to prevail and preside over us, when sitting together before the Lord, is worthy, with humble gratitude to be commemorated, as the strongest and most indubitable evidence for our encouragement, that at seasons ' He is with us of a truth.'

" As it is now a period of the year when ships seldom sail to those parts to which we are destined, whether we proceed by the Cape of Good Hope, which is most probable, or by Cape Horn, in either case a wintry season awaits us; but my trust is in the Lord, not doubting but that we shall have the privilege of the prayers of the faithful for our preservation ; and though conscious of our own weakness and utter un worthiness, and often under a feeling of being less than the least of all my dear brethren and sisters that are alive in the unchangeable Truth, yet I think I can say that these things trouble me not, nor move me, neither count I my life dear unto myself, so that I might finish my course with joy, and the ministry which I have received of the Lord Jesus to testify the Gospel of that grace, ' which bringeth salvation, and hath appeared unto all men,' teaching all, that so from the uttermost parts of the earth songs of praise may be heard, and the grateful tribute of * thanks be to God for his unspeakable gift,' may resound to his glory ; for it is not of him that willeth, nor of him that runneth, but of God that showeth mercy; *it is not by might nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord of Hosts.'

" And now, whilst my heart is bearing towards the * Isles afar off,' the same constraining love, which wrought the willingness to leave all for my gracious Lord's sake and His Gospel's, extends its binding influence to all my dear brethren and sisters, of every age and of every class, wherever situated, and however circumstanced; desiring in tender and affectionate solicitude, that they may be found steadfastly following the footsteps of those honourable and worthy predecessors in the same religious profession with ourselves, who have long since rested from their labours, and whose memorial is on high, — who bore the burden and heat of a day of deep suffering, in the faithful discharge of their duty for the support of those principles, which have been transmitted in their original purity and brightness to us. If any should feel sensible of having fallen short in this important work, let me in tenderest love encourage such to be willing to humble themselves under the mighty hand of God, even to the state of little children, and turn inward to the pure, unflattering witness which cannot deceive nor be deceived ; to be willing to enter into a diligent and heart-felt search, and patiently and impartially examine how far those indispensable conditions are submitted to on their part, w^ithout which none can be followers of the meek and lowly Jesus. Where is that self-denial and the daily cross He first enjoined ? Are we denying ourselves those gratifications of time and sense which cherish and keep alive in us the evil propensities of fallen nature, which separate man from his Maker, and like * the little foxes spoil the tender vines,' designed in richest mercy to bud, blossom, and bring forth fruit, lastingly to remain to the praise and glory of the great Husbandman? but without faithfulness, there will be no fruitfulness. It is not giving up or forsaking this or that little thing, which to part with is httle or no sacrifice or privation, that will suffice ; a full surrender of the whole will in all things, must be made to Him, whose sovereign right is to rule and reign in our hearts ; — and let none plead for disobedience in these httle things on the ground of their being such, for if such they really are, they are the more easily dispensed with, and not worth retaining ; and a tenacity in wishing to preserve them, assuredly indicates that they have more place in our affections than perhaps we are aware of: ' He that loveth father or mother more than me, is not worthy of me; and he that loveth son or daughter more than me, is not worthy of me ; and he that taketh not his cross, and followeth after me, is not worthy of me.'