Preface
Believing that the time is opportune for making an effort to cultivate all kinds of edible and otherwise useful nut-bearing trees and shrubs adapted to the soil and climate of the United States, thereby inaugurating a great, permanent and far-reaching industry, the following pages have been penned, and with the hope of encouraging and aiding the farmer to increase his income and enjoyments, without, to any appreciable extent, adding to his expenses or labors. With this idea in mind, I have not advised the general planting of nut orchards on land adapted to the production of grain and other indispensable farm crops, but mainly as roadside trees and where desired for shade, shelter and ornament, being confident that when all such positions are occupied with choice nut-bearing trees, to the exclusion of those yielding nothing of intrinsic value, there will have been added many millions of dollars to the wealth of the country, as well as a vast store of edible and delicious food.
This work has not been written for the edification, or the special approbation, of scientific botanists, but for those who, in the opinion of the writer, are most likely to profit by a treatise of this kind. Unfamiliar terms have been omitted wherever simple common words would answer equally as well in conveying the intended information. There being no work of this kind published in this country that would serve as a guide, I have been compelled to formulate a plan of my own,
iii iy PREFACE.
and to describe all the newer varieties from the- best specimens obtainable, and these may not, in all cases, have been perfect. Under snch circumstances, this work must necessarily be incomplete, and especially where the possessors of claimed-to-be new and valuable varieties have either refused or failed to give any information in regard to them-.- -On- the contrary, however, I must acknowledge my indebtedness to many correspondents, who have so generously placed specimens of both trees and nuts of rare new varieties in my hands for testing and describing, as well as assisting me in tracing their history and origin.
That this treatise may become the pioneer of many other and better works on nut culture is the sincere
wish of
THE AUTHOR.
RiDGEWooD, iST. J., 1896.
CHAPTER V. The Chestnut, . . . . ... 60
CHAPTER yi. .
Filbert or Hazelnut, . . . . . . 118
CHAPTER YII.
CHAPTER VIII.
CHAPTER IX.
Miscellaneous Nuts— Edible and. Otherwise, . . 254
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
Fig.
1. A California almond orchard,
2. Budding knife,
3. Yankee budding knife,
4. Prepared shoot,
5. Incision for bud,
6. Bud in position,
7. Hard-shelled almond, .
8. Thin-shelled almond,
9. Beechnut leaf, bur and nut, .
10. Leaves and nut of Castanopsis chrysophylla
11. Castanopsis bur,
12. Chestnut flowers,
13. Splice graft,
14. Splice graft inserted,
17. Two cions inserted,
18. One cion inserted, .
19. American chestnut leaf,
20. Spike of burs of bvish chinquapin {Castanea nana)
21. Spike of chinquapin chestnut bur (C. pumila), .
22. f^ingle bur, init and leaf of chinquapin chestnut {C. pumila)
23. Japan chestnut leaf, .....
24. Burs of Fuller's chinquapin (one-half natural size)
25. Fuller's chinquapin, five years old from nut, .
26. Bur of Numbo chestnut,
27. Spines of Numbo chestnut, .
28. Numbo chestnut,
29. Paragon chestnut bur (one-half natural size),
30. Spines of Paragon chestnut bur,
31. Paragon chestnut,
32. Four-year-old Paragon chestnut tree
33. Open bur of the Ridgely chestnut,
34. Japan Giant chestnut,
35. Spines of Japan chestnut,
36. Chestnut weevil,
37. Large filbert, ....
38. Large seedling hazelnut, . .^9. Constantinople hazel, .... •10. English filbert orchard, five years from seed 41. Varieties of filberts and hazel seedlings,
vi
LIST OF ILLUSTEATIONS.
Vll
90. 91. 92.
Extra large hazel seedling or round English filbert
Filbert orchard struck with blight, fifth year from seed
Hazel fungus, . . . ,
Fourteen-y ears-old pecan tree in Mississippi
Leaf and sterile catkins of shellbark hickorj
Western shellbark,
Section Western shellbark.
Leaf of pignut, ....
Bitternut branch and leaf,
Bitternut, .....
Large, long pecan nut,
Oval pecan nut, ....
Small oval pecan nut,
Little Mobile pecan nut,
Stuart pecan nut, ....
Van Denian pecan nut,
Risien pecan nut, . . . ,
Lady Finger pecan nut,
The original Hales' Paper-shell hickory tree
Hales' hickory, ....
Section of Hales' hickory.
Long shellbark hickory,
Shellbark Missouri, ....
Long Western shellbark,
Fresh Niissbaumer hybrid,
Nussbaumer's hybrid, .
Crown grafting on roots of the hickory
Sprouts from severed hickory roots,
The hickory-twig girdler, .
Hickory borer, ....
Burrows of hickory scolytus,
Persian walnut, showing position of sexual organs.
Bearing branch of English walnut,
Seedling walnut.
Flute bxidding, ....
Flowering branch of hybrid walnut,
Hybrid walnut, ....
Hybrid walnut, shell removed,
Jnglans Sieboldiana raceme,
Black walnut in husk, .
Juglans nigra, husk removed, .
Juglans Californica.
Juglani rupestris, showing small kernel
Juglans Sieboldiana, .
Juglans cordiforaiis.
Small fruited walniit, .
Barthere walnut, . . . •
Chaberte walnut,
Chile wnlnut, . . . . •
Cut-leaved walnut,
Gibboiis walnut, . . . •
Mayette walnut,
Vlll
THE iftrt CULTUBIST.
Kernel of walnut, . . . . . .
Page. 245
Jiiglans regia octogona, ,
Cross section, . . . . . . .
Parisienne walnut, . . . . .
Serotina or St. John walnut, ....
The caterpillar of the regal walnut moth.
The regal walnut moth— Citheronia regalis,
Brazil nut, . . . . . . .
The cashew nut, . . . .
Litchi or Leechee nut, ......
. . 270
Branch of nut pine, . . , . - . .
Paradise or sapucaia nut.
Souari nut, .......
ao7.
Water chestnut, . . . .
CHAPTEE I.
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