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How nature cures, comprising a new system of hygiene; also the natural food of man; a statement of the principal arguments against the use of bread, cereals, pulses, potatoes, and all other starch foods

Emmet Densmore · 1892 · Scanned text · Free in the US

141,572 words · about 9 h 55 min to read

Period artwork: Interior of the Bodleian Library, 1845
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About this book

Author
Emmet Densmore
Language
English
Published
1892
Length
141,572 words · about 9 h 55 min
Sections
73 reader sections
Text
Scanned text, read from page scans by OCR; may contain errors
Rights
Public domain in the United States

 

Contents (73)
  1. Front matter about 1 min
  2. Preface about 7 min
  3. Chapter II. The Basic Error Of Physicians under 1 min
  4. Chapter IV. How To Doctor under 1 min
  5. Chapter VI. Convalescence under 1 min
  6. Chapter I. Principles Of Nutrition under 1 min
  7. Chapter II. Tea, Coffee, And Chocolate under 1 min
  8. Chapter VI. The Morning Bath under 1 min
  9. Chapter VII. Father Kneipp's Water Cure under 1 min
  10. Chapter X. The Salisbury Method Of Cure under 1 min
  11. Chapter XII. Preparation Of Food under 1 min
  12. Chapter XIV. Conservation Of Force under 1 min
  13. Chapter XV. Corpulence — Its Cause And Cure under 1 min
  14. Chapter XVI. The Curative Action Of Regimen under 1 min
  15. Chapter XVII. The Immorality Of Flesh-eating under 1 min
  16. Chapter XIX about 1 min
  17. Chapter XX. Dinners And Dining under 1 min
  18. Chapter I. General Survey under 1 min
  19. Chapter II. Office Of The Saliva under 1 min
  20. Chapter V. Confirmatory Proofs — Rowbotham about 1 min
  21. Chapter VI about 1 min
  22. Chapter X under 1 min
  23. Chapter XI. Confirmatory Proofs— Comparative Anatomy under 1 min
  24. Chapter XII. Confirmatory Proofs — Fruits And Nuts Versus Cereals under 1 min
  25. Chapter XVI. Longevity Of Man about 1 min
  26. Chapter XVIII. Summing Up under 1 min
  27. Chapter XIX. Contributions To Science under 1 min
  28. chapter I about 7 min
  29. Chapter II. The Basic Error Of Physicians about 6 min
  30. Chapter III about 9 min
  31. Chapter IV. How To Doctor about 19 min
  32. Chapter V. Diagnosis about 8 min
  33. Chapter VI. Convalescence about 15 min
  34. Chapter VII. Treatment For Children about 6 min
  35. Chapter I. Principles Of Nutrition about 21 min
  36. Chapter II. Tea, Coffee, And Chocolate about 10 min
  37. Chapter III. The Open Window about 8 min
  38. Chapter IV. Sleep And Hygienic Aids about 7 min
  39. Chapter V. Breathing about 10 min
  40. Chapter VI. The Morning Bath about 15 min
  41. Chapter VII. Father Kneipp's Water Cure about 5 min
  42. Chapter VIII. Turkish Bath At Home about 8 min
  43. Chapter IX. Exercise about 8 min
  44. Chapter X. The Salisbury Method Of Cure about 17 min
  45. Chapter XII. Preparation Of Food about 8 min
  46. Chapter XIII. Wholemeal Bread about 7 min
  47. Chapter XIV. Conservation Of Force about 10 min
  48. Chapter XV. Corpulence— Its Cause And Cure about 1 min
  49. III 5-4 about 13 min
  50. Chapter XVI. The Curative Action Of Regimen about 19 min
  51. Chapter XVIII. The Value Of Drugs In The Treatment Of about 7 min
  52. Chapter XIX about 30 min
  53. Chapter XX. Dinners And Dining about 15 min
  54. Chapter I. General Survey about 21 min
  55. Chapter II. . Office Of The Saliva about 10 min
  56. Chapter III. Cause And Cure Of Constipation about 4 min
  57. Chapter IV. Confirmatory Proofs about 2 min
  58. Chapter V. Confirmatory Proofs— Rowbotham about 45 min
  59. Chapter VI about 42 min
  60. Chapter VII. Confirmatory Proofs— Professor Gubler about 9 min
  61. Chapter VIII about 3 min
  62. Chapter IX. Confirmatory Proofs— Holbrook about 6 min
  63. Chapter X. Confirmatory Proofs— Dr Fothergill And Herbert Spencer about 13 min
  64. Chapter XI. Confirmatory Proofs— Comparative Anatomy about 13 min
  65. Chapter XII. Confirmatory Proofs— Fruits And Nuts Versus Cereals about 21 min
  66. Chapter XIII. Value Of Forest Trees about 10 min
  67. Chapter XIV. In Line With Progress about 3 min
  68. Chapter XV. The Universal Reign Of Law about 5 min
  69. Chapter XVI. Longevity Op Man about 27 min
  70. Chapter XVII. Intemperance about 8 min
  71. Chapter XVIII. Summing Up about 12 min
  72. Chapter XIX. Contributions To Science about 13 min
  73. Index about 23 min

Continue:

Front matter

Class_ Book„_

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT

COMPRISING

Preface

The critic will no doubt find abundant opportunity in the following pages to point out imperfections. As for the matter of repetitions, which may seem to many to be needlessly frequent, we can only plead the great import- Lce of a thorough understanding of the principles $ erein treated in order that good health may be attained .nd maintained.

Much of the matter contained in this book is not new ; it is nowhere assumed that it is.

The doctrine that food and dietetic habits are the chief factors in health and disease is as old as Plato, and received a new and powerful impulse through the life and writings of Louis Cornaro more than three hundred years ago.

The doctrine that the use of bread, cereals, pulses and vegetables is not only unwholesome, but is at the very foundation of nervous prostration and modern diseases, is, however, sufficiently novel and startling.

The value of fasting as a method of curing disease has been previously fairly well stated. The author only hopes by this book to call the attention thereto of many who have not before been aware of its great importance.

That " catching cold " is always caused by errors in eating has also been well stated in the writings of our friend Dr. C. E. Page. This is a matter, in our opinion, fraught with such unusual importance that too much attention cannot well be given it.

vi PREFACE.

All hygienists, new-school physicians, and many of the old school, talk much of the importance of good ventilation ; at the same time, it is next to impossible to find any person who habitually sleeps with a wide-open window in all climates and weather.

It is a common teaching of physiology that our breathing ought to be done through the nostrils, and it is a rule that is transgressed oftener than obeyed — when the hours of sleep as well as those when awake are considered — by our physiologists, scientific men, and hygienists, to say nothing of those who give such matters no attention.

The fact that although old-school physicians are wonderfully skilled in anatomy, physiology, pathology, and the diagnosis of disease, and at the same time not only utterly powerless to aid in the restoration of the patient, but on the whole prone to do untold damage by their drugs and methods of treatment, has been forcibly pointed out by some of the ablest members of the profession; and jests and diatribes against doctors are in everybody's mouth. All the same, no sooner is any person taken ill than the doctor is as surely summoned and as credulously consulted as is the sacred fetish on similar occasions by the Polynesian.

It is our hope that the reader will see in this book such statements and such reasoning as will induce him unswervingly to resolve that whatever the ailment may be — aside from the realm of surgery — he will not conplicate the situation or endanger his recovery by summoning any physician of that school in which opium is a sheet anchor.

We have a twofold aim : to introduce and to bespeak a trial for the anti-bread, non-starch diet ; and to present what has been said before fragmentarily concerning hygiene and reform in medicine in such a systematic shape and with such force that large numbers will be

PREFACE. vii

induced to put these hygienic truths to the test of experiment in everyday life.

Heretofore there has been an impassable gulf between hygienists (physicians of the reform school) and remedies which are of real value. We have aimed, while giving some new truths and a new form to some valuable old ones, to avoid fanaticism and the favoring of untried theories.

The central thought on which this book is written is the confident belief that sickness and acute attacks of illness bear the same relation to diet that drunkenness bears to drink. It is quite indisputable that no one needs to get drunk ; all that is requisite to avoid inebriation is to abstain from intoxicating drinks. It is in this sense that we affirm that all cases of taking cold are the result of improper food, and more especially of excessive quantities even of proper food; and that acute attacks of illness invariably depend, either for a primary or a secondary cause, upon bad alimentation — improper food and food taken in excessive quantities ; and of these errors, excess is often the far greater factor.

Here in England, at this time, the newspapers are scanned each day to learn the condition of a poet of world-wide fame, who has been confined to his bed for weeks but is now able to sit up ; also of a scientist of equal fame whose observations and contributions have enriched the field of physics, at the moment convalescent from an attack upon the lungs which has confined him to his bed for weeks. One of the foremost statesmen of America continually oscillates between his public duties and such attacks of illness as confine him to his bedroom. During every month of the year, and in every principal city of civilization, are to be seen similar examples. Learned, able, and useful men and women adorning all professions are rendered helpless by indispositions; and this is accepted quite as a matter of course and as a dispensaviii PREFACE.

tion of Providence. The reader is asked to peruse carefully this book, and to consider seriously its proofs of the contention that all such illness and decrepitude are easily avoidable.

We have not lost sight of the fact that zymotic diseases are the result of poison transmitted through the medium of the atmosphere ; but we also do not lose sight of the fact, well known to scientists, that these poison germs are powerless and harmless unless a favorable soil is found in the human body in which to germinate. The influenza, which recently caused such widespread illness and so many deaths throughout America and England, in some of the large provincial towns attacked all classes — physicians, clergymen, professional men of all kinds, and the latter quite as much as the laboring classes. At the same time, very many people who must necessarily have been equally exposed with those who succumbed to the scourge passed entirely untouched; this was not because these persons did not breathe the poison, but because the poison germ did not find in them a suitable soil in which to germinate. It is the same with taking cold. After one, by persisting in the habit of taking improper food, and especially in excessive quantities, has overloaded and overstrained his organism, an exposure to a draught brings on a cold which not infrequently settles into bronchitis or pneumonia with a fatal termination ; another person sitting in the same draught feels only a momentary inconvenience from such change of temperature. Like the poison germ in the unsuitable soil, this draught finds the latter person with vigor so unimpaired that taking cold for the time is impossible.

It is not affirmed that hereditary tendency to disease is not an important factor, and always to be considered. Persons inheriting weak constitutions, and a predisposition toward consumption, scrofula, cancer, or any

PREFACE. ix

serious disease, must of necessity exercise more care than those with more fortunate inheritance. All the same, we affirm that as the poison germ is powerless for evil except where there is a suitable soil, and as exposure to a draught does not induce a cold except where due preparation has been made by dietetic transgression, so an inherited weakness, a predisposition to disease, will never develop into the maladies with which the parents were afflicted except by persistence in unhygienic methods of life, of which errors in diet at the present day constitute a far greater share than is formed by all other transgressions combined.

Good grounds are set forth for the belief that total abstinence not only from wine, beer, and alcohol in every form, but from tea and coffee as well, is demanded in the interest of health, and in obedience to hygienic law. A new explanation of the cause of intemperance is pointed out, as well as a new method for its cure.

Although heretofore much has been written in favour of fruit eating, it will be seen, so long as men make cereals and starch vegetables the basis of their food, that fruit is and must continue to be simply an ornament, neglected and unused.

The claim that fruit is composed of substantially the same elements as bread, and will take its place, will be a novelty to most readers ; but a careful scrutiny of the evidence adduced in favour of this contention will, it is believed, convince earnest students of the correctness of this claim.

Throughout civilization the great bulk of the human /amily — the vegetarian and the mixed eaters alike — are oerealites; in the future, when the doctrines herein taught are understood and adopted, mankind will become "fruitarian.

This claim is fraught with more meaning than is seen at first glance. A fruit diet, as set forth in the following x PREFACE.

pages, means the solution of the problems of how to banish disease and intemperance from the race ; to free us from the horrors of the shambles ; and to give us a food which is at once in accord with our higher instincts and the demands of aesthetics.

The following quotation from an essay by Mrs. Densmore, which is found in Part II., may be taken as an epitome of this book :

' ' Health is man s birthright. It is as natural to be well as to be born. All pathological conditions ', all diseases, and all tendencies to disease are the result of the trangression of physiologic and hygienic law* This is the science of health in a nutshell."

78, Elm Park Road,

London, June, 1891.

Chapter II. The Basic Error Of Physicians

Soothing by opium 10

Obligation to physicians 11

A fashionable fetish 12

History repeats itself 13

CHAPTER HI.

DIFFERING MODES OF MEDICINE.

Hygenic obedience cures 15

Mind Cure physicians 16

Progress in forty years 17

Tendency toward recovery a law 18

Drugs modify symptoms 19

Fasting and food 20

Chapter IV. How To Doctor

Why fasting benefits 22

Duration of fast «... 23

Copious draughts of hot water 24

How hot applications overcome pain 25

Hot water soothes better than opium . 26

; One cause of constipation . 27

Law universal in its action 28

Results of eating too much • • . 29

Dr. Hall's cure for constipation . 30

Value of herb tea cathartics ... 31

A portable hot air bath 32

Office of perspiration 33

Further hygienic rules 34

Chapter V. Diagnosis

Normal number of heart beats 36

Counting the pulse. A blood thermometer 37

Degree of heat showing danger 38

Temperature of feet and head ^"39

Value of diagnosis 40

Chapter VI. Convalescence

When to continue fasting 42

When to eat, and what food 43

Fruit, meat, and milk 44

Eggs and milk for vegetarians 45

Why water is the only wholesome drink 46

No stimulants. Much fresh air 47

Exercise and sleep 48

Orthodox testimony 49

Doctors generally powerless 50

Chapter VII. Treatment For Children

Treatment for croup and diphtheria 52

Cow's milk and woman's contrasted 53

Infant's food— Mellin's, etc. ........ 54

Improper feeding makes fretful babes 55

Chapter I. Principles Of Nutrition

Why avoid starch foods 58

Fruit sugar better than starch 59

Starch foods induce overeating ........ 60

Simplicity in diet 61

Value of nutrition 62

Variety not necessary 63

Relish for simple foods 64

Milk with dates and figs 65

Rule for quantity of food 66

Meat and fruit diet By

Tobacco, alcohol, and a simple diet 68

The best sauce is hunger , . . 69

Same food for different seasons 7°

Same food for all work 71

Chapter II. Tea, Coffee, And Chocolate

Theine, caffeine, bromine, and koline 73

Tea and coffee poisonous 74

Tea and tobacco related poisons 75

Opium and coffee alike 76

Tobacco a dangerous poison 77

Familiar poisons grouped ......... 78

All to be avoided 79

Chapter VI. The Morning Bath

Injury from cold baths 100

Importance of cleanliness ......... 101

Home Turkish bath 102

Hot water better than hot air 103

Reaction guaranteed 104

Homespun methods 105

Health compensates for all 106

Irksomeness removed by habit 107

To enjoy a luxurious bath ......... 108

A cold douche become harmless 109

Chapter VII. Father Kneipp's Water Cure

Father Kneipp's book . . . . - . . . . .Ill

A patient saved by mildness 112

Walking barefoot in wet grass 113

CHAPTER Vin.

TURKISH BATH AT HOME.

Directions for bathing 115

Temperature and duration 1 16

Advantages over Turkish baths 117

Much time saved 118

A daily bath advised 119

Chapter IX. Exercise

All kinds good 121

Tricycling wearisome 122

Exercise must be attractive 123

Professor Wright's advice . 124

Bicycling recommended 125

Chapter X. The Salisbury Method Of Cure

Advantages claimed 127

Unending circle of beneficent forces 128

Preparing the Salisbury diet 129

Fruit with meat preferred 130

Rationale of the meat diet 131

Food for the corpulent 132

Why fruits are healthful 133

Measured amount of food 134

Chapter XI. Cooking

Cause of cooking cereals 136

Reasons for cooking flesh 137

y Non-starch food natural 138

Chapter XII. Preparation Of Food

Nitrogenous foods 140

Why fish is preferred 141

f A wholesome pudding 142

Water the only wholesome drink 143

■' Coarse grains irritate 144

CHAPTER XIH.

WHOLEMEAL BREAD.

Bran indigestible and inflaming 146

Inflammation causes flatulence 147

Bran always damages bread ........ 148

Professor Goodf ellow confirms . 149

Scientific proofs against brown bread 150

Chapter XIV. Conservation Of Force

Town-bred boys excel farmers' sons 152

Overstrain proves fatal 153

Vital force proof against disease . 154

All poison habits lower vitality 155

Fear— an unread telegram kills 156

All indulgence weakens 157

f All transgressions lessen vital force 158

Chapter XV. Corpulence — Its Cause And Cure

I Table of normal weights 160

Increasing with age unnatural 161

Dr. Page's testimony . . 162

Starch foods cause corpulence 163

Water drinking not the cause 164

Obesity a disease ........... 165

Treatment for reduction 166

Some self-denial required 167

Advantages of reduction 168

A dangerous deformity .169

Chapter XVI. The Curative Action Of Regimen

\V Results of excess in food 171

Some mistakes of vegetarians 172

Injuries of diet cumulative . 173

Not wholly bankrupt 174

Dieting discouraged 175

I Results of bread-and-milk diet 176

To be ill is a sin 177

Chapter XVII. The Immorality Of Flesh-eating

Vegetarian reasoning 179

Common sense must rule 180

Circumstances may demand meat-eating 181

Health the first requisite 182

CHAPTER XVHI.

THE VALUE OF DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT OF DISEASE.

Effect of quinine in malaria 184

Warburgh's tincture 185

Chronic sore eyes cured 186

Effect of drugs in rheumatism ........ 187

Hygienists need no medicine 188

Chapter XIX

SUPERSTITION CONCERNING DOCTORS. FALSE MEDICAL ETHICS.

Surgeons as such excepted 190

Opium the modern delusion 191

A monopoly in medicine 192

Medical ethics screen the guilty 193

Mental healing, or mind cure 194

The question of advertising 195

The Keely cure for drunkenness ........ 196

Madame del Cin 197

Medical tyranny 198

Medical tyranny in England . ....... 199

Dr. Alabone's persecution • . • • 200

Dr. Pye Smith on doctors 201

Sir John Forbes' testimony 202

From Dr. Kimball and others 203

Drs. Richardson and Gardner 204

Professor Clark and Dr. Ramage, F.R.C.S 205

From James Johnson, M.D., F.R.S 206

Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes . . 207

Dr. Samuel Wilks — the famous Majendie 208

The indictment completed 209

Chapter XX. Dinners And Dining

Fashionable large dinners . . . . . . . . 21 1

Select private dinner 212

Sir Henry's view of moderation . 213

Fruit considered an ornament 214

All depends upon the point of view 215

Avoidable errors in diet . . .216

Sir Henry Thomson inconsistent . 217

Hunger is the best sauce . . . 218

Simplicity more healthful . . . . ' 219

Chapter I. General Survey

Natural term of life ,.'■-. 222

Animals in nature always well 223

) What is man's natural food ? 224

j Fruits give greatest relish 225

/Fruit and bread — essential differences 226

Natural food digested in main stomach 227

Man's digestive organs unchanged by habit 228

The theory confirmed by facts 229

The Salisbury meat diet 230

Though vegetarians, prescribed flesh food . . . . . .231

x The milk, grape, and spa cures . 232

The author's personal experience 233

s One man's meat another's poison 234

Confirmed by tens of thousands 235

Chapter II. Office Of The Saliva

Professor Goodfellow's experiments 237

Goodfellow's experiments continued 238

Experiments continued 239

Experiments on raw starch . . 240

Starch not digested in stomach ...,..«. 241

Fruit pre-digested by nature « 242

Why toasting bread aids digestion ....... 243

Chapter III. Cause And Cure Of Constipation

Why fruit is aperient 245

Why bread is constipating 246

Starch food retained too long ........ 247

Chapter IV. Confirmatory Proofs

Truth always harmonious 249

Chapter V. Confirmatory Proofs — Rowbotham

A plea for progress 251

Why common salt is harmful ........ 252

Bread the staff of death . 253

Cause of premature old age ......... 254

Substitute for distilled water 255

Experiments upon fowls 256

Upon a dog, horse, and man 257

Experiment upon mother and child 258

-* Childbirth naturally painless 259

Effect of fruit on parturition 260

Another striking example 261

The more fruit and less bread the better 262

Effect of diet on teeth 263

Effect of diet on complexion and old age ...... 264

Cereal foods induce early death 265

Fruit and meat promote health and life 266

Historical proofs 267

South Sea Islanders. Herodotus 268

Why the Irish excel the English 269

Wild hog and long-lived birds 270

Elephant, horse, dog, and monkey 271

Why the poor die sooner than the rich 272

Diet of long-lived Egyptians , . . . 273

Examples of longevity .......... 274

Jenkins and the patriarchs 275

The more food taken the more deaths 276

Abstaining from bread saves life 277

Chapter VI

CONFIRMATORY PROOFS — DR. DE LACY EVANS.

The Macrobiotic art 279

Bacon on facts 280

Causes of old age 281

Youth and old age contrasted 282

<Z Ossification caused by wrong food 283

Proper diet prevents ossification 284

Age of the patriarchs 285

Fruits are best, cereals are worst 286

Testimony of Hesiod 287

Experience of primitive man 288

The return to nature 289

Diet of American Indians 290

Persians and Ethopians 291

Why human milk is better than cow's milk 292

Cause of cretinism 293

Fruit and temperance required 294

Instances of longevity 295

Harvey and Old Parr 296

A man 180 years old 297

Longevity in animals 298

Advantages of distilled water 299

Importance of health studies 300

Death the universal terror 301

The philosopher's stone 302

Fruit compared with cereals 303

Chapter X

CONFIRMATORY PROOFS — DR. FOTHERGILL AND HERBERT SPENCER.

* Pre-digested foods recommended 319

* Fruits contrasted with bread 320

Advantages of a fruit diet 321

Confirmed by Herbert Spencer . • • 322

Bread insipid, fruit wholesome 323

Vital force saved by proper food . 324

Drs. Fothergill and Holbrook confirm ....... 325

Grapes instead of bread ......... 326

Chapter XI. Confirmatory Proofs— Comparative Anatomy

Testimony of Huxley and Haeckel ....... 328

Proven by the microscope 329

Many traits in common ...... . . . . . . . 330

Diet of long-armed apes 331

Why the gorilla eats seeds 332

Apes do not use cereals ... . . . . . . . . 333

Man's stomach unchanged by evolution ...... 334

Comparative anatomy — A table 335

Chapter XII. Confirmatory Proofs — Fruits And Nuts Versus Cereals

Necessity stimulates development ....... 337

The fig a food of the ancients 339

The vine and the date 340

Humboldt and Linnaeus on the date ....... 341

Arabia's national food . ......... 342

Bananas in many countries . 343

Prolific yield of the banana — Humboldt . . • . . „ 344

Importance of Qil ......... , 345

Longevity of the olive ........... 346

Productiveness of the Brazil nut ........ 347

Fruits superior to cereals 348

A splendid prospect 349

Chapter XVI. Longevity Of Man

What diseases are increasing 365

Wisdom comes with advanced age 366

That great longevity is natural, proven by science .... 367

Longevity not now increasing 368

Longevity incontestably decreasing 369

Still more unsatisfactory reflections ....... 370

Insanity and suicide increasing 371

Old age free from decrepitude 372

Development late in life 373

Literary power in middle life ........ 374

Wisdom developed late in life 375

Serene old age a Divine triumph 376

Cato and Cicero 377

Formula of Flourens and Buffon 378

No short cut to longevity 379

Citizens of cities always deteriorate ....... 380

Chapter XVII. Intemperance — Its Relation To Starch Food

Result of overstrain 382

Inadequate nutrition a cause 383

Grows by what it feeds on 384

Benefits from vegetarianism explained 385

Combining advantages of both 386

Chapter XVIII. Summing Up

r Cures from the non-starch diet 388

Confirmed by Professor Goodfellow 389

Testimony of a physician — Rowbotham 390

De Lacy Evans and Professor Gubler 391

\ Cereals call for salt 392

The tropics teaming with fruit 393

Universal law and progress 394

Cause of intemperance 395

Chapter XIX. Contributions To Science

Benefits from a meat diet explained Natural food theory solves problems Sylvester Graham's great delusion Sugar, stimulants, and potash Cause of drunkenness. Forestry Paradise regained ....

Open and unwrinkled brow of age Possibilities of longevity "0 happy earth ! reality of heaven ! "

398 399 400 401 402

403 404

PART L HOW TO DOCTOR.

How Nature Cures.

chapter I

HEALTH. DISEASE. LAW OF CURE.

" Go wash in Jordan." — II. Kings v. io.

What is health?

What is disease?

What is the law of cure?

All growth, development, repair, and maintenance of tissue, as also development and maintenance of vital power, are the result of nutrition. Elementary physiology teaches that a primary cell enlarges, divides into two or more cells; these in turn divide and multiply until there is produced an aggregation of cells, and the first beginnings of tissue growth. Soon there are seen to be cells of different qualities having specific and characteristic functions ; these related cells are seen to unite and co-operate in the formation of nerve, muscular, and connective tissue, of cartilage, of bone, and of the network of tissue seen in animal life. From the very beginning of this development and differentiation, the chief requisite for healthy growth — after the required temperature, light, and air — is nutrition. When the animal has attained to its full development and growth there remains only the work of keeping up the temperature, and of repairing the waste of tissue consequent

4 LIFE BASED ON NUTRITION.

upon exercise and activity ; there is need only of nutrition in the form of air, water, and food.

This is a universal law in organic life, as applicable to a grass-plot or a tree as to the organism of an animal. If a grass-plot has sunshine, warmth, moisture, and fertility (or food), there is health and growth. If food or moisture or warmth be taken away, there is sickness; and if continued, there is death. No medicine is needed to secure a restoration of health and vigor to the plant that has thus been made ill ; all that is necessary is to supply any or all of the lacking elements of nutrition — light, warmth, moisture, or food.

It is a universal law of organic life, be it vegetable or animal, that all tendencies are toward health. It is as natural to be well as to be born.

Note the grass-plot before instanced. It may be ever so brown from the summer sun and drought, or scarcity of fertility; if disorganization be not already set in, if there yet be life, all that is needed to restore the beautiful green color and vigorous growth to the grass is to supply it with whatever elements of nutrition it has been deprived of — sunshine, warmth, rain, or fertility — and it at once begins to mend ; in a few weeks green blades have taken the place of seared ones, and in a short time there is often no trace of previous lack of vigor.

If the bone of a man or any animal be broken, and the parts replaced, the presiding and guiding force of the animal economy — call it nature or what you will — at once deposits a liquid substance over the entire surface of the bone a short distance in opposite directions from the fracture. This liquid soon hardens into a bone-like substance and becomes a ring firmly attached to each section of the broken bone, and for a time affords the chief support whereby the damaged limb can be used. In due time the ends of the bone — which, perhaps, had been entirely severed — become united; nature establishes a

NATURE'S ENGINEERING. 5

circulation through its parts, whereby each part is again nourished; and the limb, having its broken bone reunited, is able to support the weight of the body without calling upon the strength of the bone ring which had been temporarily built around the fractured bone. What happens? Nature, finding no doubt that all needless supports are a damage, proceeds to soften and absorb this bone ring until it is all removed except a slight portion for an eighth or a quarter of an inch about the point of fracture.

A similar and more familiar phenomenon is seen whenever the skin is broken : at once there is an exudation of blood ; this coagulates upon exposure to the air, and forms an excellent air-tight protection (a scab) to the injured part, which remains for a longer or shorter period, as may be needed ; and when nature has formed a new skin underneath, and the scab is no longer required, nature proceeds to undermine and separate it; and while as long as it was needed it was firmly attached, so soon as no longer required it falls off of its own weight.

A sliver becomes imbedded in the flesh — a frequent accident. If a surgeon is at hand and removes it, well and good — nature soon repairs the damage ; if the sliver is permitted to remain, nature at once sets about a bit of engineering. First there is pain and inflammation ; then follows a formation of pus ; this in due time breaks down the tissues immediately surrounding the sliver, especially toward the surface of the limb ; the pus increases, breaks through, runs out, and sooner or later carries the sliver with it.

These everyday occurrences are as familiar to the layman as to the physician ; but the strange part of it is the fact that almost no one — layman or physician — seems to understand thai these and like processes of nature are all the healing force there is. It does not matter what the

6 HEALING POWER OF NATURE.

trouble may be — a sliver in the flesh, or a lodgment in the organism of the poison germs of typhoid fever — no medicine is required or will benefit ; all that is needed is that the conditions demanded by nature be supplied, and the same mysterious force which we call life, which builds a bone ring support whenever and wherever it is needed, and at once places a most admirable protection in the shape of a scab wherever there is an abrasion of the skin, will prove itself as well able successfully to handle an attack of typhoid fever as a broken bone or an abrased skin.

Take a person in the full vigour of life and health. A good night's sleep has been had, the usual breakfast eaten, the forenoon's task performed, and the person is about to sit down to luncheon with a vigorous appetite. A telegram is received which states that a son or daughter or near friend has just been killed or has unexpectedly died. The same force which we call nature, and which strengthens a broken bone with a bone ring, at once takes away all appetite, all desire to eat, from the afflicted person. Why is the appetite taken away ? Because the process of digestion is a draught upon the nervous system, and requires a considerable amount of nerve force ; and a person suddenly bereaved has need of the entire force of the nervous system to enable him or her to endure the strain. This is but another manifestation of that force which builds a bone ring support around a broken bone, adjusts a temporary but airexcluding and efficient protection over a wound, and burrows round, loosens and ejects a foreign substance which has become embedded in the flesh.

As for the grass-plot, it is quite universally known that growth and vigour always follow upon a supply of the necessary conditions — sunshine, warmth, moisture, and food. If from the outset the plant has had these necessaries, an unvarying vigour results ; if the gardener

REQUISITES FOR HEALTH. 7

perceives a failing colour in the plant, or any other sign of disease, he knows that some of the necessary conditions of grass life are lacking. If this inquiry be extended to the examination of more complex forms of life, it will be found that the same law obtains. The fishes of the sea, the birds of the air, and the wild animals of the wood are quite usually found in perfect health and vigour. When the fisherman or the hunter finds an exception to this rule, he knows at once that some of the normal conditions of animal life have been wanting ; there has been a lack (in the absence of poison or injury from violence) of food, or water, or light, or warmth.

It will be seen, after the most searching scrutiny from whatever point of view, that a tendency toward an abounding health and vigour is inseparable from life; and, moreover, whenever and wherever the normal conditions of healthy life have been interfered with, and weakness, lassitude, or any of the symptoms of ill-health appear, as soon as the conditions natural to the organism are restored, a movement toward health is always sure to follow.

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